Difference between revisions of "B-17E (Japan)"
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The B-17E Flying Fortress, as the name suggests, is intended to be used as a high-altitude level bomber, designed to target enemy airfields, military bases, factories, and other infrastructure crucial to winning the war. Despite its large bomb-load, it is not recommended to target moving ground targets, such as tank formations, unless they are the only targets. This is because of the inaccuracy of the bombs at such high altitude, and since columns will simply disperse when they sight bombs falling. When using the B-17E, it is always best to group up with others in a wedge-like formation for optimal defense against air targets and climb to an altitude of, at least, 4,000 m. A few fighter escorts, would ensure the survival of friendly bombers, only if they adopt fighter-sweep tactics to hunt down enemy fighters converging on the formation. | The B-17E Flying Fortress, as the name suggests, is intended to be used as a high-altitude level bomber, designed to target enemy airfields, military bases, factories, and other infrastructure crucial to winning the war. Despite its large bomb-load, it is not recommended to target moving ground targets, such as tank formations, unless they are the only targets. This is because of the inaccuracy of the bombs at such high altitude, and since columns will simply disperse when they sight bombs falling. When using the B-17E, it is always best to group up with others in a wedge-like formation for optimal defense against air targets and climb to an altitude of, at least, 4,000 m. A few fighter escorts, would ensure the survival of friendly bombers, only if they adopt fighter-sweep tactics to hunt down enemy fighters converging on the formation. | ||
| + | |||
| + | A group of B-17s were captured, repaired, and tested by Japan during WWII. | ||
== General info == | == General info == | ||
| Line 131: | Line 133: | ||
== Usage in battles == | == Usage in battles == | ||
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> | <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> | ||
| − | Generally, the plane's role should not diverge from this norm, as it is ineffective and costly as a low altitude bomber. Survival is an utmost importance to be remembered when using this plane. While one target may be missed, there will always be another opportunity to make another pass once reloaded and repaired. The few M2 machine guns in the nose cannot protect the most vulnerable part of any B-17 - the nose. Protected only by a layer of Plexiglas and almost no | + | Generally, the plane's role should not diverge from this norm, as it is ineffective and costly as a low altitude bomber. Survival is an utmost importance to be remembered when using this plane. While one target may be missed, there will always be another opportunity to make another pass once reloaded and repaired. The few M2 machine guns in the nose cannot protect the most vulnerable part of any B-17 - the nose. Protected only by a layer of Plexiglas and almost no amour (excluding the frontal bulkhead, which only covers the pilot/co-pilot's torso), most of the crew critical in the success of the mission, including the pilot, co-pilot, bombardier and navigator would be knocked-out instantly. If targeted by German cannons, most notably, the [[MK_108 (30 mm)|Mk 108]]. Just a burst of 30 mm MK 108 placed anywhere on the aircraft , would compromise the crew's survival and even the aircraft's structural integrity. |
| − | When facing German fighters and interceptors in realistic battles', it is best to use Omni-purpose or | + | When facing German fighters and interceptors in realistic battles', it is best to use Omni-purpose or Armor-piercing/Ground Targets ammunition belts for the Browning M2 .50 cal turret machine guns, which is likely to punch through their noses when tailing the B-17E. These ammunition belts are effective at tearing through the engine block of a [[Fw_190_D-9|Focke-Wulf Fw 190D]] or [[Bf_109_G-6|Messerschmitt Bf 109G]], hopefully resulting in an internal engine fire, a pilot snipe, or an inoperable engine for the opponent. |
| + | |||
| + | In Simulator mode, the Japanese B-17E offers the same playstyle as the American B-17E with a few special caveats. There are no markers so the Japanese B-17 may be ignored by enemy Allied fighters if they don't look too close, since it is a Fortress. With limited visibility in their cockpit and the light shining their way, it can be difficult to see your Hinomaru "meatball" roundels. This is a double edged sword, however. Because you are a Fortress, you may find yourself under fire by friendly Axis fighters who don't see that you're a B-17 under new management. It is recommended to tell your team what and where you are so you don't find yourself on the business end of a Ki-84! | ||
=== Manual Engine Control === | === Manual Engine Control === | ||
| Line 166: | Line 170: | ||
* Can quite often return to base with extensive damage | * Can quite often return to base with extensive damage | ||
* Pilot and co-pilot, if one of them is knocked out, the B-17E can keep flying | * Pilot and co-pilot, if one of them is knocked out, the B-17E can keep flying | ||
| + | * May be ignored by enemy Allied aircraft and SPAA in Sim | ||
'''Cons:''' | '''Cons:''' | ||
| Line 171: | Line 176: | ||
* Big target | * Big target | ||
* Fairly Slow | * Fairly Slow | ||
| − | * Nose is extremely vulnerable, the only | + | * Nose is extremely vulnerable, the only armor on the front is the front bulkhead, covering only the pilot and copilot's torso |
* Vulnerable to German "Minengeschoß" and > 20 mm gunfire | * Vulnerable to German "Minengeschoß" and > 20 mm gunfire | ||
* Engine fires are common | * Engine fires are common | ||
* Wings are big and thus commonly torn off by gunfire | * Wings are big and thus commonly torn off by gunfire | ||
* Nose protection is extremely limited, try to avoid frontal attacks as much as possible | * Nose protection is extremely limited, try to avoid frontal attacks as much as possible | ||
| + | * May attract friendly fire from friendly aircraft and SPAA in Sim | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
| − | <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> | + | [[File:Japanese captured B-17D.jpg|alt=Japanese captured B-17D in the air on its way to the home islands. Picture taken from the ground looking up as it passes overhead.|thumb|297x297px|Captured B-17D on its way to the Japanese home islands]]<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> |
| − | In | + | After the successful invasion of the Philippines, a team of Japanese engineers from the IJAAF ''Koku Gijutsu Kenkyujo'' (Army Aviation Technical Research Institute) discovered multiple B-17 wrecks at Clark Field. Salvaging parts from the various wrecks, the engineers managed to piece together a working B-17D, which was flown back to the Japanese home islands in early 1942 for evaluation. |
| + | |||
| + | The Japanese soon captured Madioen Field, Java, in March. There, they found multiple B-17E wrecks in repairable condition. Eager to get their hands on a working aircraft, Japanese engineers used the piles of spare parts and captured Allied mechanics to rebuild the B-17s. In early 1943, two rebuilt B-17Es took to the air. Through Singapore, the aircraft flew to the home islands escorted by a fighter squadron and a Nakajima L2D transport, the license-produced DC-3. They were careful to alert AAA gunners along the route so they did not get shot down. The squadron arrived safely in the home islands at Tachikawa airfield in mid-1943. | ||
| + | [[File:Captured Japanese B-17s over mount Fuji.jpg|alt=Two Japanese captured B-17Es and one B-17D flying in front of Mount Fuji.|thumb|Squadron of captured B-17s over Mount Fuji]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Aeronautical engineer Major Kazuyuki Saito and his team of engineers and test pilots oversaw evaluation of the American bombers. Since the Japanese had also obtained complete instruction manuals, every component of the B-17 was thoroughly examined and evaluated. Japanese aeronautical engineers such as Mitsubishi engineer Hisanojo Ozawa, dismissed the B-17E as "merely modifications made to an old design" and so the technological systems were deemed more important than the aircraft itself. Of special interest was the famous Norden bombsight, the automatic flight control system, the engine turbochargers and the Sperry Automatic Computing Gunsight. Despite the lack of strategic materials, the Japanese would try to copy what they could to improve their designs. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The IJAAF (Army) would implement turbochargers in various aircraft such as the [[Ki-83]] and the [[Ki-87]], while the IJNAS (Navy) would use an improved bombsight and an advanced fire-control system in the [[G8N1]] Renzan. | ||
| + | [[File:B-17 Japan, CW-21B, and SNC-1.jpg|alt=Captured B-17E on the ground on display with a captured CW-21B fighter and SNC-1 trainer|thumb|Captured B-17E displayed with a captured CW-21B and an SNC-1]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | The B-17s were frequently repainted with American colors and featured in Japanese war films, sometimes with a captured P-40E as escort. | ||
| + | |||
| + | After a photographic reconnaissance flight over the Tachikawa facility, American intelligence spotted an unknown Japanese four-engined bomber or transport by the runway. It was dubbed the "Tachikawa 104" as they estimated its wingspan was about 104 feet. This estimate was actually really accurate, as the aircraft that they spotted was in fact one of the captured B-17s. (B-17s had a wingspan of 103 feet and 9 inches)<ref>Dwyer, L., 2018. ''Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress''. [online] Aviation-history.com. Available at: <<nowiki>http://www.aviation-history.com/boeing/b17.html</nowiki>> [Accessed 6 July 2021].</ref>. American intelligence did not realize that fact until after the war. | ||
| + | |||
| + | During takeoff for a flight from Fussa in early 1944, one of the B-17Es was caught in a surprise crosswind and its right wing collided with a [[Ki-49-IIb/L|Ki-49]] on the ground. It was damaged beyond repair and was never flown again. The second B-17 was photographed around the same location but later disappeared, and it is possible that the third B-17 was destroyed in the tragic hangar fire at Tokorazawa Airfield.<ref>''Japanese B-17 Squadron''. 2019. [video] Directed by M. Felton. Youtube: Mark Felton Productions.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The postwar records of military vehicles discovered during the Allied Occupation of Japan do not mention finding captured B-17s, nor do they have any existing photographs of them from that period. Where the aircraft ended up after the war's end is a mystery.<ref>Mikesh, R., 2010. ''The Suprising Story of Japan's B-17 Fleet''. [online] HistoryNet. Available at: <<nowiki>https://www.historynet.com/japans-fleet-flying-forts.htm</nowiki>> [Accessed 7 July 2021].</ref> | ||
== Media == | == Media == | ||
| − | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | * | + | * [[B-17E]] |
| − | |||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | * | + | * https://www.historynet.com/japans-fleet-flying-forts.htm |
| − | * | + | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JR-Yx4DojKg |
| − | |||
{{AirManufacturer Boeing}} | {{AirManufacturer Boeing}} | ||
{{Japan bombers}} | {{Japan bombers}} | ||
{{Japan premium aircraft}} | {{Japan premium aircraft}} | ||
Revision as of 06:17, 7 July 2021
| This page is about the premium Japanese bomber B-17E (Japan). For other versions, see B-17 (Family). |
.jpg)
Contents
Description
The ▅B-17E Flying Fortress is a premium rank IV Japanese bomber with a battle rating of 4.7 (AB/RB) and 5.7 (SB). It was introduced in Update 1.43.
The B-17E Flying Fortress, as the name suggests, is intended to be used as a high-altitude level bomber, designed to target enemy airfields, military bases, factories, and other infrastructure crucial to winning the war. Despite its large bomb-load, it is not recommended to target moving ground targets, such as tank formations, unless they are the only targets. This is because of the inaccuracy of the bombs at such high altitude, and since columns will simply disperse when they sight bombs falling. When using the B-17E, it is always best to group up with others in a wedge-like formation for optimal defense against air targets and climb to an altitude of, at least, 4,000 m. A few fighter escorts, would ensure the survival of friendly bombers, only if they adopt fighter-sweep tactics to hunt down enemy fighters converging on the formation.
A group of B-17s were captured, repaired, and tested by Japan during WWII.
General info
Flight performance
| Characteristics | Max Speed (km/h at 7,680 m) |
Max altitude (metres) |
Turn time (seconds) |
Rate of climb (metres/second) |
Take-off run (metres) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AB | RB | AB | RB | AB | RB | |||
| Stock | 497 | 483 | 11156 | 36.9 | 37.9 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 600 |
| Upgraded | 523 | 510 | 35.1 | 36.0 | 8.7 | 7.2 | ||
Details
| Features | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combat flaps | Take-off flaps | Landing flaps | Air brakes | Arrestor gear |
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | X |
| Limits | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wings (km/h) | Gear (km/h) | Flaps (km/h) | Max Static G | |||
| Combat | Take-off | Landing | + | - | ||
| 0 | 290 | 383 | 361 | 249 | ~3 | ~2 |
| Optimal velocities (km/h) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ailerons | Rudder | Elevators | Radiator |
| < 330 | < 310 | < 270 | > 300 |
| Compressor (RB/SB) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Setting 1 | ||
| Optimal altitude | 100% Engine power | WEP Engine power |
| 6,180 | 4,000 hp | 4,708 hp |
Survivability and armour
- 6.35 mm Steel plate behind nose gunner
- 6.35 mm Steel plates behind pilots
- 6.35 mm Steel plates behind dorsal gunners
- 6.35 mm Steel plates in front of beam gunners
- 6.35 mm Steel plates in front of tail gunner
- 38 mm Bulletproof glass in front of tail gunner
Modifications and economy
2 × 110 / 270 / 500 % 2 × 166 / 166 / 166 % | Flight performance | Survivability | Weaponry | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Armaments
Suspended armament
The B-17E (Japan) can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
- 8 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (4,000 lb total)
- 12 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (6,000 lb total)
- 6 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (6,000 lb total)
Defensive armament
The B-17E (Japan) is defended by:
- 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, front dorsal turret (500 rpg = 1,000 total)
- 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, ventral turret (500 rpg = 1,000 total)
- 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, tail turret (500 rpg = 1,000 total)
- 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, rear dorsal turret (500 rpg)
- 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (400 rpg)
- 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, nose turret (500 rpg)
Usage in battles
Generally, the plane's role should not diverge from this norm, as it is ineffective and costly as a low altitude bomber. Survival is an utmost importance to be remembered when using this plane. While one target may be missed, there will always be another opportunity to make another pass once reloaded and repaired. The few M2 machine guns in the nose cannot protect the most vulnerable part of any B-17 - the nose. Protected only by a layer of Plexiglas and almost no amour (excluding the frontal bulkhead, which only covers the pilot/co-pilot's torso), most of the crew critical in the success of the mission, including the pilot, co-pilot, bombardier and navigator would be knocked-out instantly. If targeted by German cannons, most notably, the Mk 108. Just a burst of 30 mm MK 108 placed anywhere on the aircraft , would compromise the crew's survival and even the aircraft's structural integrity.
When facing German fighters and interceptors in realistic battles', it is best to use Omni-purpose or Armor-piercing/Ground Targets ammunition belts for the Browning M2 .50 cal turret machine guns, which is likely to punch through their noses when tailing the B-17E. These ammunition belts are effective at tearing through the engine block of a Focke-Wulf Fw 190D or Messerschmitt Bf 109G, hopefully resulting in an internal engine fire, a pilot snipe, or an inoperable engine for the opponent.
In Simulator mode, the Japanese B-17E offers the same playstyle as the American B-17E with a few special caveats. There are no markers so the Japanese B-17 may be ignored by enemy Allied fighters if they don't look too close, since it is a Fortress. With limited visibility in their cockpit and the light shining their way, it can be difficult to see your Hinomaru "meatball" roundels. This is a double edged sword, however. Because you are a Fortress, you may find yourself under fire by friendly Axis fighters who don't see that you're a B-17 under new management. It is recommended to tell your team what and where you are so you don't find yourself on the business end of a Ki-84!
Manual Engine Control
| MEC elements | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixer | Pitch | Radiator | Supercharger | Turbocharger | ||
| Oil | Water | Type | ||||
| Controllable | Controllable Auto control available |
Not controllable Not auto controlled |
Controllable Auto control available |
Combined | Controllable 1 gear |
Auto controlled |
Pros and cons
Pros:
- Large payload
- Powerful air defense capabilities
- Multiple engines, can fly on one if necessary (But with a great loss in altitude and speed)
- Rugged design allows for soaking up damage
- Mostly unaffected by light machine gun fire, and to an extent, heavy machine guns
- Good speed for a bomber of its peers
- Multiple turrets covering almost all angles
- Can quite often return to base with extensive damage
- Pilot and co-pilot, if one of them is knocked out, the B-17E can keep flying
- May be ignored by enemy Allied aircraft and SPAA in Sim
Cons:
- Big target
- Fairly Slow
- Nose is extremely vulnerable, the only armor on the front is the front bulkhead, covering only the pilot and copilot's torso
- Vulnerable to German "Minengeschoß" and > 20 mm gunfire
- Engine fires are common
- Wings are big and thus commonly torn off by gunfire
- Nose protection is extremely limited, try to avoid frontal attacks as much as possible
- May attract friendly fire from friendly aircraft and SPAA in Sim
History
After the successful invasion of the Philippines, a team of Japanese engineers from the IJAAF Koku Gijutsu Kenkyujo (Army Aviation Technical Research Institute) discovered multiple B-17 wrecks at Clark Field. Salvaging parts from the various wrecks, the engineers managed to piece together a working B-17D, which was flown back to the Japanese home islands in early 1942 for evaluation.
The Japanese soon captured Madioen Field, Java, in March. There, they found multiple B-17E wrecks in repairable condition. Eager to get their hands on a working aircraft, Japanese engineers used the piles of spare parts and captured Allied mechanics to rebuild the B-17s. In early 1943, two rebuilt B-17Es took to the air. Through Singapore, the aircraft flew to the home islands escorted by a fighter squadron and a Nakajima L2D transport, the license-produced DC-3. They were careful to alert AAA gunners along the route so they did not get shot down. The squadron arrived safely in the home islands at Tachikawa airfield in mid-1943.
Aeronautical engineer Major Kazuyuki Saito and his team of engineers and test pilots oversaw evaluation of the American bombers. Since the Japanese had also obtained complete instruction manuals, every component of the B-17 was thoroughly examined and evaluated. Japanese aeronautical engineers such as Mitsubishi engineer Hisanojo Ozawa, dismissed the B-17E as "merely modifications made to an old design" and so the technological systems were deemed more important than the aircraft itself. Of special interest was the famous Norden bombsight, the automatic flight control system, the engine turbochargers and the Sperry Automatic Computing Gunsight. Despite the lack of strategic materials, the Japanese would try to copy what they could to improve their designs.
The IJAAF (Army) would implement turbochargers in various aircraft such as the Ki-83 and the Ki-87, while the IJNAS (Navy) would use an improved bombsight and an advanced fire-control system in the G8N1 Renzan.
The B-17s were frequently repainted with American colors and featured in Japanese war films, sometimes with a captured P-40E as escort.
After a photographic reconnaissance flight over the Tachikawa facility, American intelligence spotted an unknown Japanese four-engined bomber or transport by the runway. It was dubbed the "Tachikawa 104" as they estimated its wingspan was about 104 feet. This estimate was actually really accurate, as the aircraft that they spotted was in fact one of the captured B-17s. (B-17s had a wingspan of 103 feet and 9 inches)[1]. American intelligence did not realize that fact until after the war.
During takeoff for a flight from Fussa in early 1944, one of the B-17Es was caught in a surprise crosswind and its right wing collided with a Ki-49 on the ground. It was damaged beyond repair and was never flown again. The second B-17 was photographed around the same location but later disappeared, and it is possible that the third B-17 was destroyed in the tragic hangar fire at Tokorazawa Airfield.[2]
The postwar records of military vehicles discovered during the Allied Occupation of Japan do not mention finding captured B-17s, nor do they have any existing photographs of them from that period. Where the aircraft ended up after the war's end is a mystery.[3]
Media
See also
External links
- https://www.historynet.com/japans-fleet-flying-forts.htm
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JR-Yx4DojKg
| Boeing Aircraft | |
|---|---|
| Aircraft | |
| Fighters | P-26A-33 · P-26A-34 M2 · P-26B-35 |
| Bombers | B-17E · B-17E/L · B-17G-60-VE |
| B-29A-BN | |
| Export | P-26A-34 · B-17G |
| Captured | ▅B-17E |
| Helicopters | |
| Attack | AH-64A · AH-64D |
| Export / Licensed | AH-64A (GR) · ▃AH-64A Peten · AH-64A Peten · ▅AH-64DJP · ▄AH Mk.1 · AHS |
| See Also | Tupolev Design Bureau · Westland Helicopters · Fuji Heavy Industries |
| For Boeing-built ships, see Boeing Marine Branch | |
| Japan bombers | |
|---|---|
| Navy | |
| Carrier-based attack bomber | |
| B5N | B5N2 |
| B6N | B6N1 · B6N2 · B6N2a |
| B7A | B7A2 · B7A2 (Homare 23) |
| Carrier-based dive bomber | |
| D3A | D3A1 |
| D4Y | D4Y1 · D4Y2 · D4Y3 Ko |
| Shipboard Observation seaplane | |
| F1M | F1M2 |
| Land-based Attack bomber | |
| G4M | G4M1 |
| G5N | G5N1 |
| G8N | G8N1 |
| Flying boat | |
| H6K | H6K4 |
| H8K | H8K2 · H8K3 |
| Land-based Bomber | |
| P1Y | P1Y1 |
| Army | |
| Light | Ki-32 |
| Ki-48-II otsu | |
| Heavy | Ki-21-Ia · Ki-21-I hei |
| Ki-49-I · Ki-49-IIa · Ki-49-IIb · Ki-49-IIb/L | |
| Ki-67-I Ko · Ki-67-I otsu | |
| Other countries | ▅B-17E |
| Japan premium aircraft | |
|---|---|
| Fighters | Hagiri's A5M4 · A7He1 · Ki-27 otsu Tachiarai |
| Ki-44-II otsu · ▅Bf 109 E-7 · ▅F4U-1A · Ki-100-II · Ki-44-I 34 | |
| ▅Fw 190 A-5 · A7M1 (NK9H) · Tada's Ki-61-I hei · ▅P-51C-11-NT | |
| J2M4 Kai · A6M5 Ko · A6M6c · J2M5 · Ki-87 · J6K1 | |
| Twin-engine fighters | Ki-96 |
| Jet fighters | F-86F-40 JASDF▅ · T-2 Early · F-4EJ ADTW |
| Strike aircraft | ▄AV-8S |
| Bombers | Ki-21-I hei · Ki-48-II otsu · H8K3 · B7A2 (Homare 23) · ▅B-17E |
- ↑ Dwyer, L., 2018. Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. [online] Aviation-history.com. Available at: <http://www.aviation-history.com/boeing/b17.html> [Accessed 6 July 2021].
- ↑ Japanese B-17 Squadron. 2019. [video] Directed by M. Felton. Youtube: Mark Felton Productions.
- ↑ Mikesh, R., 2010. The Suprising Story of Japan's B-17 Fleet. [online] HistoryNet. Available at: <https://www.historynet.com/japans-fleet-flying-forts.htm> [Accessed 7 July 2021].
