Type 61

Type 61

ST-A2

ST-A3

Type 61

ST-A2

ST-A3

Japan

IV Rank

Battle rating:

AB	RB	SB
6.3	6.7	6.7

Class:

Medium tank

Research:63 000

Purchase:200 000

Description

The Type 61 is a Rank IV Japanese medium tank with a battle rating of 6.7. It was introduced along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces tree in Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai".

The Type 61 looks like a bizarre cross between the American M41 Walker Bulldog and M60 tanks. It is very similar in its overall length and size to the M41 and the turret looks like the M60's turret with the same prominent commander's cupola on top of the turret housing a rangefinder.

The Japanese Type 61 mimics the American M47 Patton in firepower and M41 Walker bulldog in armour, it has the large, tall profile and fairly mobile medium tank characteristics from of the M47 Patton, with the same decent 90 mm M36/Type61 cannon, but the armour protection qualities more akin to those of the M41 Walker Bulldog.

The Type 61 with its low armour protection and the presence of cannons like the 88 mm KwK43, 105 mm L7A1, 100 mm D-10T cannons at its BR of ~6.7 makes it extremely weak to incoming fire.

Good Type 61 users will typically used the decent mobility to position themselves on flanks of opposition pushes, allowing them to use the decent M318A1 AP round or the M82 shot APHE round to hit weaker side armour or weakspots, alternatively the M431 shell HEAT-FS is a viable choice for longer range shooting, however it has meagre damage potential compares to the M318A1 AP round and M82 shot APHE round.

The quick turret traverse will benefit the Type 61 in a close range engagement however the large profile, low armour protection and non-stabilized gun combined with the sometimes lacking penetration of the M318A1 AP round, M82 shot APHE round and poor damage potential of the M431 shell HEAT-FS, means that it not a particularly effective at brawling combat.

General info

Survivability and armour

Armour Type:

• Rolled homogeneous armour
• Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

Armour	Front	Sides	Rear	Roof
Hull	45 mm (49-61°) Front glacis 50 mm (54°) Lower glaics	30 mm (30°) Top 35 mm Bottom	25 mm (13°) Top 20 mm (30°), 10 mm (59°) Bottom	12 mm
Turret	40 mm (4-78°) Turret front 80 mm (0-68°) Gun mantlet	40-60 mm (0-38°)	35 mm	18 mm
Armour	Sides	Roof
Cupola	31.7 mm	31.7 mm

Notes:

• Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.

Due to its weak armour nearly every tank is a serious threat to the Type 61, as well as a number of SPAA vehicles, however fast medium tanks such as the T-44, M46/M47 Pattons or Panther II which can match its mobile are a painful to avoid, while anything with heavy armour (T29, T32, T34 and King Tigers) forces the reliance on the M431 shell HEAT-FS to punch through frontally, taking multiple shots to overcome.

Mobility

Mobility characteristic
Weight (tons)	Add-on Armor weight (tons)	Max speed (km/h)
34.3	N/A	50 (AB)
		45 (RB/SB)
Engine power (horsepower)
Mode	Stock	Upgraded
Arcade	883	___
Realistic/Simulator	504	570
Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Mode	Stock	Upgraded
Arcade	25.74	__.__
Realistic/Simulator	14.69	16.62

Armaments

Main armament

90 mm Type 61
Capacity			Vertical guidance	Horizontal guidance	Stabilizer
51			-10°/+13°	±180°	N/A
Turret rotation speed (°/s)
Mode	Stock	Upgraded	Prior + Full crew	Prior + Expert qualif.	Prior + Ace qualif.
Arcade	14.28	19.80	24.0	26.60	28.24
Realistic	14.28	16.80	20.4	22.60	24.00
Reloading rate (seconds)
Stock	Prior + Full crew	Prior + Expert qualif.	Prior + Ace qualif.
10.00	__.__	__.__	__.__

Ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Penetration in mm @ 90°
		10m	100m	500m	1000m	1500m	2000m
M318A1 shot	AP	207	206	193	178	164	150
M71 shell	HE	13	13	13	13	13	13
M82 shot	APCBC	170	169	164	151	138	127
M431 shell	HEATFS	320	320	320	320	320	320

Shell details
Ammunition	Velocity in m/s	Projectile Mass in kg	Fuse delay in m:	Fuse sensitivity in mm:	Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):	Normalization At 30° from horizontal:	Ricochet:
							0%	50%	100%
M318A1 shot	912	11	N/A	N/A	N/A	+4°	43°	30°	25°
M71 shell	823	11	0.1	0.5	925	+0°	11°	10°	9°
M82 shot	853	11	1.2	15	137.2	+4°	42°	27°	19°
M431 shell	1216	5.8	0.0	0.1	712.64	0°	25°	18°	15°

Smoke characteristic
Ammunition	Velocity in m/s	Projectile Mass in kg	Screen radius in m	Screen time in s	Screen hold time in s:	Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):
M313	821	11	13	5	20	50

Ammo racks

Full ammo	1st rack empty	2nd rack empty	3rd rack empty	4th rack empty	5th rack empty	Visual discrepancy
51	41 (+10)	31 (+20)	21 (+30)	11 (+40)	1 (+50)	No

Turret empty: 21 (+30)

Machine guns

12.7 mm M2HB
Pintle mount
Capacity (Belt capacity)				Fire rate (shots/minute)	Vertical guidance	Horizontal guidance
2,175 (200)				576	-10°/+40°	±180°

7.62 mm M1919A4
Coaxial mount
Capacity (Belt capacity)				Fire rate (shots/minute)	Vertical guidance	Horizontal guidance
4,900 (250)				500	N/A	N/A

Usage in the battles

The Type 61 has excellent horizontal traverse and gun depression combined with a fairly mobile chassis, making it a good choice for progressing from turret down (be careful about the large cupola sticking up), to hull down and firing at opposition before retreating back to turret down cover.

Its mobility is quite good at getting it to position, where it can ambush tanks early in the game or change position when required, particularly when disengaging when it position is discovered.

Its lack of armour and the decent but not overwhelmingly powerful gun means it is not a wonderful frontline tank to hold a defensive position when the opposition know its position, as its armour is unlike to prevent any opposition rounds from penetrating and dealing damage, leaving the user to more often than not, rely on luck when engaging opposition frontally.

The biggest issue with the Type 61 is shot selection! Do you choose the M431 shell HEAT-FS which will punch through most opposition tanks but do little damage or do you use the M318A1 AP round, M82 shot APHE rounds for more damage but you will struggle to penetrate opposition frontally at times.

Pros and cons

Pros:

• Fast turret rotation
• Excellent gun depression
• Good forward speed and mobility.
• Good acceleration.
• Great post-penetration damage on the M82 APCBC shell.

Cons:

• 90 mm Type 61 can struggle to overcome certain opposing tanks frontally without relying on M431 HEAT-FS shell
• Very thin overall armour, any tank gun will make short work of you, and even certain SPAAs can give you trouble. Bounces are the exception not the norm!
• The reverse speed -8 kph can hinder the tank at times.
• Very tall profile with the cupola on top of the turret, makes using certain cover impossible.

History

Development

With the subsequent events of Japanese surrender in September 1945, the end of World War II, and the ensuing Allied occupation of Japan, the Japanese were ordered to lay down their military activities, essentially abolishing the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy. For a short period past VE-Day, Japan was without a military with the exception of the Allied troops still occupying the country. This stance on a Japanese military was reversed with the advent of the Cold War and the much-closer Korean War in the early 1950s. With the departure of a majority of the Allied troops from Japan to Korea, there was a concern on the vulnerability of Japan without the aid of these nations. So in 1954, Japan formally organized the Defense Agency heading the Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF). To jump start the remilitarization of the JSDF, the United States gave Japan a handful of M4A3E8 Shermans and M24 Chaffees. However, in the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) service, these tanks presented some problems. The problems the Sherman presented was that its interior was too large for an average Japanese stature, with drivers unable to even reach the foot pedals, and the M24 Chaffee was just plain outdated against Soviet armour. The Japanese were then given options to replace these tanks with the newer American M46 Patton and M47 Patton or develop their own tank. Given the price of buying the tanks and the tanks not suiting to their specifications, the Japanese opted to develop their own tank for the JGSDF.

The initial specifications for the development of their domestic tank design followed as 1) Small enough to be train-transported, 2) Not be heavier than 25 tons, and 3) an armament of 90 mm caliber. The job of designing the tank was given to Mitsubishi, the same company responsible for making the majority of Japanese tanks in World War II. The first specification was important to not only improve cross-country travel, but because if it could be followed, the tanks can be transported via truck transports as well. The second specification was a dodgy one in that 25 tons did not allow for much armour to be placed, but it was hoped a new engine could supplement a weight increase to 35 tons by improving mobility. When the new engine got delayed, the weight was reduced back to 25 tons to retain mobility. The last specification of a 90 mm gun was due to the Japanese experience with a M36 tank destroyer, believing the 90 mm to be sufficient in the mountainous region of Japan and be the limit where Japanese physique could adequately service the gun. These specifications would lead to the first prototype being developed in 1956.

In December 1956, the first prototype labeled ST-A1 was produced. Testing and various changes led to the second prototype, ST-A2, to be produced in February 1957. Two more prototypes labeled ST-A3 and ST-A4 were completed in 1959 and 1960 that led to the final production design to be produced in 1961. This would be accepted into service as the Type 61 main battle tank, with deployment to start within the same year. The Type 61 was formally adopted in 1961, but the starting numbers were low as production only put out 10 Type 61 tanks in the span of 1961 to 1962. This only marginally increase up to 1966, with 250 tanks. Production continued until 1975 with 560 tanks produced.

Service

The first few Type 61 tanks were put into service of the JGSDF. Due to low production numbers, it was supplemented with the tanks America gave it. The time the Type 61 was deployed, it was already quite outdated in comparison to Soviet contenders such as the T-54/55 and T-62 tanks. In 1962, the successor of the Type 61 was already in development process. Even when it was finished, which would be the Type 74, the Type 61 would stick around as supplement due to low production numbers as well, starting from 1980.

The Type 61 would start being retired in the 1990s, showing its obvious age in comparison with newer third-generation main battle tanks. The transition can be seen in that 400 Type 61 were still in service in 1990 to 190 tanks in 1995. In this time period, the Type 61 went through a modernization program to add infra-red searchlights and smoke dischargers. Regardless, all were decommissioned by 2000, paving the way to the newer Japanese tank designs.

Media

An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.

Read also

[Devblog] Type 61: The Japanese-style Patton

Sources

Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:

• topic on the official game forum;
• other literature.