Difference between revisions of "Phòng không T-34"

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Phòng không T-34

Phòng không T-34

AB	RB	SB
5.7	5.0	5.0

Class:

SPAA

Research:46 000

Purchase:155 000

Description

The Xe tăng phòng không 37 mm is a rank IV Chinese SPAA with a battle rating of 5.7 (AB) and 5.0 (RB/SB). It was introduced in Update 1.91 "Night Vision".

The Phòng không T-34 is a Chinese and North Vietnamese SPAAG created during the mid-'60s and used in the Vietnam war. It is based on a T-34-85 hull from the Soviet Union, with an open-top box turret that mounts dual 37 mm Type 65 cannons from the Chinese.

It's likely that the NVA improvised this build during the Vietnam War, since North Vietnam invested heavily in anti-air weaponry to combat the US air support.

In-game it's easily recognized because of the box-shaped and open turret on a T-34-85 hull and lacking the single 85 mm main armament, it also has a higher profile than a regular T-34-85.

General info

Survivability and armour

The armour of Phòng không T-34 turret is an easy target to penetrate with it consisting of only 15mm all-around armour it makes it easy to disable with most type of shells that it might face and machine guns are a danger for it too with the 12.7 mm calibre able to penetrate that thin armour even smaller machine guns can disable the turret. Mainly because the front of the turret got gaps for the gunner and commander where the bullets can easily find its way in and damage the crew. With is being an open-top SPAA makes it as many other open SPAA making it a tasty snack for aircraft machineguns and cannons. One of the drawbacks with the Phòng không T-34 is that 80% of its crew sits in the turret, 2 of them looking up from the turret making them extremely vulnerable to machinegun fire.

The hull is better armoured like a T-34-85 and its strongest armour is the front hull armour, It's missing the hull-mounted machine gun that there is on the T-34-85 making it have an exposed hole on the front left hull when facing it, it's a trap shot location so it would be best to try angle the tank to remove the open machinegun port for easy access for enemy Shells.

Mobility

Game Mode	Max Speed (km/h)		Weight (tons)	Engine power (horsepower)		Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Game Mode	Forward	Reverse	Weight (tons)	Stock	Upgraded	Stock	Upgraded
Arcade	60	10	24.9	710	954	28.51	38.31
Realistic	55	9	24.9	442	500	17.75	20.08

Mobility of the Phòng không T-34 is good at its battle rating, easy to manoeuvre at off-road and on-road. It got similar mobility characteristic as the Russian T-34-85 with an engine that creates 500 hp at 1800 RPM giving it a top speed of 55 km/h (34 mph).

Armaments

Main armament

Main article: Type 65 (37 mm)

37 mm Type 65 (x2)						Turret rotation speed (°/s)					Reloading rate (seconds)
Mode	Capacity (Belt)	Fire rate	Vertical	Horizontal	Stabilizer	Stock	Upgraded	Full	Expert	Aced	Stock	Full	Expert	Aced
Arcade	390 (5)	160	-5°/+85°	±180°	N/A	52.8	__.__	__.__	__.__	__.__	1.3	_.__	_.__	_.__
Realistic	390 (5)	160	-5°/+85°	±180°	N/A	35.7	__.__	__.__	__.__	__.__	1.3	_.__	_.__	_.__

Ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Penetration @ 90° (mm)
Ammunition	Type of warhead	10 m	100 m	500 m	1,000 m	1,500 m	2,000 m
BR-167	AP-T	71	68	57	46	37	30
BR-167P	HVAP-T	102	95	80	59	35	28
UO-167	HEFI-T	3	3	3	3	3	3

Shell details
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Velocity (m/s)	Projectile Mass (kg)	Fuse delay (m)	Fuse sensitivity (mm)	Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)	Normalisation at 30° from horizontal	Ricochet
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Velocity (m/s)	Projectile Mass (kg)	Fuse delay (m)	Fuse sensitivity (mm)	Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)	Normalisation at 30° from horizontal	0%	50%	100%
BR-167	AP-T	880	0.76	N/A	N/A	N/A	-1.0°	47°	60°	65°
BR-167P	HVAP-T	960	0.62	N/A	N/A	N/A	+1.5°	66°	70°	72°
UO-167	HEFI-T	866	0.735	0.2	0.1	34	+0.0°	79°	80°	81°

Ammo racks

Ammo racks of the Phòng không T-34

Full ammo	1st rack empty	2nd rack empty	3rd rack empty	Visual discrepancy
390	?? (+??)	?? (+??)	?? (+??)	??

Optics

Phòng không T-34 Optics
	Default magnification	Maximum magnification
Main Gun optics	X3.8	X4.0
Comparable optics	???

Usage in battles

The Phòng không T-34 is an excellent self-propelled anti-air tank, but its slow dual 37 mm guns make it hard to hit fast low flying targets if you are not a good shot with SPAA. Its mobility and speed combined with the fast turret rotation make it a deadly opponent for the enemy if ambushed or flanked.

The Phòng không T-34 is an excellent self-propelled anti-air tank, but also a great tank for ambushes on the enemy side and rear armour. Be aware that all the tanks and aircraft it will oppose are deadly opponents to it, the exposed crew makes it an easy target from both air and ground.

One way to tactically use the Phòng không T-34 is to stay behind the main force and cover them from possible air threats or light flanking tanks. Its dual 37 mm will make quick work of the air and lighter tanks that you will face. Another way is when enemy players are distracted by your teams player you can use your speed and manoeuvrability to flank around and hit them from the side or rear with AP-T or HVAP-T rounds.They will deal with most side armour. Flanking might not work as well in Arcade Battle as in Realistic or Simulator Battle.

Modules

Tier	Mobility		Protection	Firepower
I	Tracks		Parts	UO-167	Horizontal Drive
II	Suspension	Brake System	FPE	BR-167	Adjustment of Fire
III	Filters		Crew Replenishment	BR-167P	Elevation Mechanism
IV	Transmission	Engine		Artillery Support

Pros and cons

Pros:

Destructive damage upon hitting an aircraft
Fast turret rotation of more than 40°/sec allows it to deal with agile targets easily
Powerful engine / weight ratio
Has a crew of 6, can replace unconscious ones multiple times which increases survivability.
Good gun elevation of 85°, crucial for an SPAA
Multiple belt types allows flexible gameplay: full HE for anti-air, full AP for tanks, and HVAP (mixed with HE) for heavy targets

Cons:

Open turret exposes 4 crew directly to enemy fire. Very vulnerable to top attacks.
High profile makes it easier to be seen & hit
Below-average gun depression of -5° combined with the high mount makes it useless in hilly terrains
Guns are super unstable during continuous fire. Can only fire short bursts to maintain accuracy.
Thin turret armour of 15mm is prone to be penetrated by heavy MG/shrapnel, endangering the crew

History

The Type 65 Self Propelled Anti Aircraft Gun is a bit of an enigma, as no official documentation exists concerning its design or construction. Even today, almost half a century after the type first became known, little is known about it - so perhaps it is best to first focus on what little is known about this unique T-34-based SPAAG.

During the 1972 Spring-Summer Offensive of the Vietnam War, a single example of a SPAAG was captured by the 4th Infantry Regiment of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam on August 13th 1972. This vehicle was subsequently transferred to the United States military, who eventually shipped it to the Aberdeen Proving Ground for technical evaluation. After testing was concluded, the vehicle was put on display at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, where it stood until the early 2010s when it was transferred along with the rest of the collection to the Air Defence Artillery Museum in Fort Sill, Oklahoma.

Evaluation of this single example showed that it consisted of a T-34-85 chassis which was made at UTZ 183 (Uralsky Tankovij Zavod) in the USSR sometime between 1944 and 1947, featuring a number of modifications. The most important one concerned the removal of the turret, with a solid reinforced steel slab being bolted onto the turret aperture on top of which a twin AA gun was mounted. Other modifications included the removal of the hull-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun, and the removal of part of the engine top deck to allow the gun turret to freely rotate.

The most common designations applied to this vehicle refer to the gun used: a Chinese-built copy of the Soviet M1939 (61-K). NORINCO of China copied this design, originally building it as the Type 55 (most likely after the year it was first constructed); later on a twin mount was designed around the same gun, which was put into production as the Type 65. As mounted on the tank, the Type 65 gun mount was surrounded by a box-like open-topped structure composed of 16-mm thick armour plates, large enough to house both the gun and a crew of five. Similar in concept to the US-built M42 Duster, the vehicle lacked any advanced aiming system or power-assisted gun traverse or elevation, making it less efficient in use against low-flying high-speed jets, but still deadly to slower attackers and helicopters.

The lack of any official documentation, combined with the use of a Chinese-built AA gun, soon led to speculation in the US Military that this vehicle was a Chinese-built dedicated SPAAG. As such, the vehicle commonly became known as the Type 63 SPAAG, this name first appearing in the 1987 publication A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware by Christopher Chant, after the assumption that the Type 63 was a variant of the Type 65 specifically built for use on this SPAAG. However, more recently the vehicle has become known as the Type 65 - or Type 63/65 - after the NORINCO-built gun.

With the lifting of the US embargo on North Vietnam in 1994, new information about the Vietnam War from (formerly North) Vietnamese sources finally became available, and visitors to the Vietnam People's Air Force Museum in Hanoi noticed a photograph on display which gives an entirely different turn to the Type 65's story. This singular photograph, three SPAAG's moving to the front, shows three tank-mounted anti-aircraft guns, one mounted on a T-34-85, the two others on the chassis of an SU-76. The nature of their construction seems to indicate that they - and the captured Type 65 - were in fact locally-built improvised vehicles, combining the hulls of discarded or damaged tanks with AA guns to increase the number of available anti-aircraft guns for use against US forces, the Hanoi-displayed picture showing a T-34-85 hull with a 57mm S-60 AA gun rather than the Type 65 used on the captured vehicle.

As such, it can be concluded that the Type 65 was in fact an improvised locally-built SPAAG, possibly an attempt at creating a cheap alternative to the more advanced Soviet ZSU-57-2, using the hulls of T-34-85s that had been delivered to North Vietnam in 1965.

Media

Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.

External links

Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:

topic on the official game forum;
encyclopedia page on the tank;
other literature.

China anti-aircraft vehicles
Radar SPAAG	PGZ09
Gun and Missile SPAAG	PGZ04A
Missile SPAA	Antelope
Other	ZSD63/PG87 · ZSL92 · WZ305
Germany	␗Sd.Kfz.222
North Vietnam	Phòng không T-34
USA	CCKW 353 (M45) · ␗M42
USSR	Tor-M1

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 | other
 | usage-1 = gift vehicle in the Russian tree
-| link-1 =  Type 65 (USSR)
+| link-1 = Phòng không T-34 (USSR)
-| usage-2 = vehicles using the T-34 chassis
+| usage-2 = other vehicles using the T-34 chassis
-| link-2 =  T-34 (Family)
+| link-2 = T-34 (Family)
 }}
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
 [[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
-{{break}}
+{{Break}}
-Type 65 is a Chinese and North Vietnamese SPAAG created during the mid 60's used in the Vietnam war. Based on a T-34-85 hull from the Soviet Union, With a open top box turret that is mounting a dual 37mm [[Type 65 (37 mm)|Type 65]] from the Chinese.
+The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].
- It's likely that the NVA improvised this build during the Vietnam war, Since North Vietnam invested heavily in Anti-Air weaponary to combat the US air support.
+The {{PAGENAME}} is a Chinese and North Vietnamese SPAAG created during the mid-'60s and used in the Vietnam war. It is based on a T-34-85 hull from the Soviet Union, with an open-top box turret that mounts dual 37 mm [[Type 65 (37 mm)|Type 65]] cannons from the Chinese.
-In game it's easily recognized because of the box shaped and open turret on a T-34-85 hull and lacking of a single 85mm main armarment, it also have a higher profile than a regular T-34-85.
+It's likely that the NVA improvised this build during the Vietnam War, since North Vietnam invested heavily in anti-air weaponry to combat the US air support.
-The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].
+In-game it's easily recognized because of the box-shaped and open turret on a T-34-85 hull and lacking the single 85 mm main armament, it also has a higher profile than a regular T-34-85.
 == General info ==
 === Survivability and armour ===
- The armor of Type 65 turret is a easy target to penetrate with it consisting of only 15mm all-around armor it makes it easy to disable with most type of shells that it might face and machine guns are a danger for it too with the 12.7mm caliber able to penetrate that thin armor even smaller machine guns can disable the turret. Mainly because the front of the turret got gaps for the gunner and commander where the bullets can easily find it’s way in and damage the crew. With is being a open top SPAA makes it as many other open SPAA making it a tasty snack for aircraft machineguns and cannons. One of the drawbacks with the Type 65 is that 80% of it’s crew sits in the turret, 2 of them looking up from the turret making them extremly vulnerable to machinegun fire.
+<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' -->
+The armour of {{PAGENAME}} turret is an easy target to penetrate with it consisting of only 15mm all-around armour it makes it easy to disable with most type of shells that it might face and machine guns are a danger for it too with the 12.7 mm calibre able to penetrate that thin armour even smaller machine guns can disable the turret. Mainly because the front of the turret got gaps for the gunner and commander where the bullets can easily find its way in and damage the crew. With is being an open-top SPAA makes it as many other open SPAA making it a tasty snack for aircraft machineguns and cannons. One of the drawbacks with the {{PAGENAME}} is that 80% of its crew sits in the turret, 2 of them looking up from the turret making them extremely vulnerable to machinegun fire.
-The hull is more well armored like a T-34-85 and it's strongest armor is the front hull armor, It's missing the hull mounted machine gun that there is on the T-34-85 making it have a exposed hole on the front left hull when facing it, it’s a trap shot location so it would be best to try angle the tank to remove the open machinegun port for easy access for enemy Shells.
+The hull is better armoured like a T-34-85 and its strongest armour is the front hull armour, It's missing the hull-mounted machine gun that there is on the T-34-85 making it have an exposed hole on the front left hull when facing it, it's a trap shot location so it would be best to try angle the tank to remove the open machinegun port for easy access for enemy Shells.
 === Mobility ===
@@ Line 32: / Line 33: @@
 {{tankMobility|abMinHp= 710|rbMinHp= 442}}
-Mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is good at its battle rating, easy to maneuver at off-road and on road. It got similar mobility characteristic as the Russian T-34-85 with a engine that creates 500 hp at 1800 RPM giving it a top speed of 55 km/h (34 mph).
+Mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is good at its battle rating, easy to manoeuvre at off-road and on-road. It got similar mobility characteristic as the Russian T-34-85 with an engine that creates 500 hp at 1800 RPM giving it a top speed of 55 km/h (34 mph).
 == Armaments ==
 === Main armament ===
+<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' -->
 {{main|Type 65 (37 mm)}}
-{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 |-
-! colspan="6" | [[Type 65 (37 mm)|37 mm Type 65]]
+! colspan="6" | [[Type 65 (37 mm)|37 mm Type 65]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
 |-
-! colspan="3" | Capacity
+! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
-! Vertical<br>guidance
+! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
-! Horizontal<br>guidance
+! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
-! Stabilizer
 |-
-| colspan="3" | 390 || -5°/+85° || ±180° || N/A
+! ''Arcade''
+| rowspan="2" | 390 (5) || rowspan="2" | 160 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.8 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || rowspan="2" | 1.3 || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
 |-
-! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
+! ''Realistic''
-|-
+| 35.7 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
-! Mode
-! Stock
-! Upgraded
-! Prior +<br>Full crew
-! Prior +<br>Expert qualif.
-! Prior +<br>Ace qualif.
-|-
-| ''Arcade'' || 52.8 || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
-|-
-| ''Realistic'' || 35.7 || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
-|-
-! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
-|-
-! Stock
-! Prior +<br>Full crew
-! Prior +<br>Expert qualif.
-! Prior +<br>Ace qualif.
-|-
-| 1.3 || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 145: / Line 127: @@
 == Usage in battles ==
-Type 65 is an excellent Self-propelled Anti-Air tank, But also a great tank for ambushes on enemy side and rear armor. Be aware that all the tanks and aircrafts it will oppose are deadly opponents to it, with an exposed crew like it have makes it a easy target from both air and ground.
+<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
+The {{PAGENAME}} is an excellent self-propelled anti-air tank, but its slow dual 37 mm guns make it hard to hit fast low flying targets if you are not a good shot with SPAA. Its mobility and speed combined with the fast turret rotation make it a deadly opponent for the enemy if ambushed or flanked.
-Type 65 is an excellent Self-propelled Anti-Air tank, It’s slow dual 37mm guns make it hard to hit fast low flying targets if you are not a good shot with a SPAA that will be removed. It’s mobility and speed combined with the fast turret rotation makes it a deadly opponent for the enemy if ambushed or flanked.
+The {{PAGENAME}} is an excellent self-propelled anti-air tank, but also a great tank for ambushes on the enemy side and rear armour. Be aware that all the tanks and aircraft it will oppose are deadly opponents to it, the exposed crew makes it an easy target from both air and ground.
-One way to tactically use the Type 65 is stay behind the main force and cover them from possible air threats or light flanking tanks. Its dual 37mm will make quick work of the air and lighter tanks that you will face. Another way is when enemy players are distracted by your teams player you can use your speed and manouverbility to flank around and hit them from the side or rear with AP-T or HVAP-T rounds.They will deal with most side armor. Flanking might not work as well in Arcade Battle as in Realistic or Simulator Battle.
+One way to tactically use the {{PAGENAME}} is to stay behind the main force and cover them from possible air threats or light flanking tanks. Its dual 37 mm will make quick work of the air and lighter tanks that you will face. Another way is when enemy players are distracted by your teams player you can use your speed and manoeuvrability to flank around and hit them from the side or rear with AP-T or HVAP-T rounds.They will deal with most side armour. Flanking might not work as well in Arcade Battle as in Realistic or Simulator Battle.
 === Modules ===
@@ Line 188: / Line 172: @@
 === Pros and cons ===
-'''Pros:'''
+<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' -->
+'''Pros:'''
 * Destructive damage upon hitting an aircraft
@@ Line 194: / Line 180: @@
 * Powerful engine / weight ratio
 * Has a crew of 6, can replace unconscious ones multiple times which increases survivability.
-* Good gun elevation of 85°, crucial for a SPAA
+* Good gun elevation of 85°, crucial for an SPAA
 * Multiple belt types allows flexible gameplay: full HE for anti-air, full AP for tanks, and HVAP (mixed with HE) for heavy targets
@@ Line 203: / Line 189: @@
 * High profile makes it easier to be seen & hit
 * Below-average gun depression of -5° combined with the high mount makes it useless in hilly terrains
-* Guns are super unstable in a continuous fire. Can only fire short bursts to maintain accuracy.
+* Guns are super unstable during continuous fire. Can only fire short bursts to maintain accuracy.
-* Thin turret armor of 15mm is prone to be penetrated by heavy MG / shrapnel, endangering the crew
+* Thin turret armour of 15mm is prone to be penetrated by heavy MG/shrapnel, endangering the crew
 == History ==
 <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 The ''Type 65 Self Propelled Anti Aircraft Gun'' is a bit of an enigma, as no official documentation exists concerning its design or construction. Even today, almost half a century after the type first became known, little is known about it - so perhaps it is best to first focus on what little is known about this unique T-34-based SPAAG.
@@ Line 215: / Line 200: @@
 Evaluation of this single example showed that it consisted of a T-34-85 chassis which was made at UTZ 183 (Uralsky Tankovij Zavod) in the USSR sometime between 1944 and 1947, featuring a number of modifications. The most important one concerned the removal of the turret, with a solid reinforced steel slab being bolted onto the turret aperture on top of which a twin AA gun was mounted. Other modifications included the removal of the hull-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun, and the removal of part of the engine top deck to allow the gun turret to freely rotate.
-The most common designations applied to this vehicle refer to the gun used: a Chinese-built copy of the Soviet M1939 (61-K). NORINCO of China copied this design, originally building it as the Type 55 (most likely after the year it was first constructed); later on a twin mount was designed around the same gun, which was put into production as the Type 65. As mounted on the tank, the Type 65 gun mount was surrounded by a box-like open-topped structure composed of 16-mm thick armor plates, large enough to house both the gun and a crew of five. Similar in concept to the US-built [[M42|M42 Duster]], the vehicle lacked any advanced aiming system or power-assisted gun traverse or elevation, making it less efficient in use against low-flying high-speed jets, but still deadly to slower attackers and helicopters.
+The most common designations applied to this vehicle refer to the gun used: a Chinese-built copy of the Soviet M1939 (61-K). NORINCO of China copied this design, originally building it as the Type 55 (most likely after the year it was first constructed); later on a twin mount was designed around the same gun, which was put into production as the Type 65. As mounted on the tank, the Type 65 gun mount was surrounded by a box-like open-topped structure composed of 16-mm thick armour plates, large enough to house both the gun and a crew of five. Similar in concept to the US-built [[M42|M42 Duster]], the vehicle lacked any advanced aiming system or power-assisted gun traverse or elevation, making it less efficient in use against low-flying high-speed jets, but still deadly to slower attackers and helicopters.
 The lack of any official documentation, combined with the use of a Chinese-built AA gun, soon led to speculation in the US Military that this vehicle was a Chinese-built dedicated SPAAG. As such, the vehicle commonly became known as the ''Type 63 SPAAG'', this name first appearing in the 1987 publication ''A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware'' by Christopher Chant, after the assumption that the ''Type 63'' was a variant of the ''Type 65'' specifically built for use on this SPAAG. However, more recently the vehicle has become known as the Type 65 - or Type 63/65 - after the NORINCO-built gun.
-With the lifting of the US embargo on North Vietnam in 1994, new information about the Vietnam War from (formerly North) Vietnamese sources finally became available, and visitors to the Vietnam People's Air Force Museum in Hanoi noticed a photograph on display which gives an entirely different turn to the Type 65's story. This singular photograph, ''three SPAAG's moving to the front'', shows three tank-mounted anti aircraft guns, one mounted on a T-34-85, the two others on the chassis of an SU-76. The nature of their construction seems to indicate that they - and the captured Type 65 - were in fact locally-built improvised vehicles, combining the hulls of discarded or damaged tanks with AA guns to increase the number of available anti-aircraft guns for use against US forces, the Hanoi-displayed picture showing a T-34-85 hull with a 57mm S-60 AA gun rather than the Type 65 used on the captured vehicle.
+With the lifting of the US embargo on North Vietnam in 1994, new information about the Vietnam War from (formerly North) Vietnamese sources finally became available, and visitors to the Vietnam People's Air Force Museum in Hanoi noticed a photograph on display which gives an entirely different turn to the Type 65's story. This singular photograph, ''three SPAAG's moving to the front'', shows three tank-mounted anti-aircraft guns, one mounted on a T-34-85, the two others on the chassis of an SU-76. The nature of their construction seems to indicate that they - and the captured Type 65 - were in fact locally-built improvised vehicles, combining the hulls of discarded or damaged tanks with AA guns to increase the number of available anti-aircraft guns for use against US forces, the Hanoi-displayed picture showing a T-34-85 hull with a 57mm S-60 AA gun rather than the Type 65 used on the captured vehicle.
 As such, it can be concluded that the Type 65 was in fact an improvised locally-built SPAAG, possibly an attempt at creating a cheap alternative to the more advanced [[ZSU-57-2|Soviet ZSU-57-2]], using the hulls of T-34-85s that had been delivered to North Vietnam in 1965.

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