F-5E

This page is about the American jet fighter F-5E. For other versions, see F-5 (Family).

F-5E

F-104C

F-16A

F-5E

F-104C

F-16A

USA

VII Rank

Battle rating:

AB	RB	SB
11.3	11.0	11.3

Class:

Fighter

Jet fighter

Research:300 000

Purchase:830 000

Description

The F-5E Tiger II is a rank VII American jet fighter with a battle rating of 11.3 (AB/SB) and 11.0 (RB). It was introduced in Update "Red Skies".

The F-5 series is known to be small, lightweight, and nimble. The F-5E Tiger II, made famous by its use as a US Navy aggressor aircraft, improves on the earlier F-5A and F-5C with more powerful engines and a revised airframe, increasing its top speed, acceleration, and climb rate. It also has access to deadly AIM-9J missiles, similar to the ROCAF F-5A. In air-to-air combat, the F-5E still suffers from a subpar top speed and limited armament compared to other top-tier Rank VII fighters, but it remains an excellent dogfighter that can cover the weaknesses of heavier US jets like the F-4E and F-4J Phantoms. In the ground attack role, the F-5E packs a deceptively big punch: few would expect such a small fighter to have AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missiles and a 30 mm gun pod, among many other options.

General info

Flight performance

Arrestor gear

Accelerates braking by grabbing the brake cable on the deck of the aircraft carrier

Air brakes

Allows you to dramatically reduce the flight speed by releasing special flaps

Drogue parachute

Reduces braking distance when landing on any runway

Max speed

at 11 582 m1 778 km/h

Turn time26 s

Max altitude15 240 m

Engine2 х General Electric J85-GE-21A

TypeJet

Cooling systemAir

Take-off weight24 t

Characteristics	Max speed (km/h at 11,582 m)		Max altitude (metres)	Turn time (seconds)		Rate of climb (metres/second)		Take-off run (metres)
	AB	RB		AB	RB	AB	RB
Stock	1,756	1,746	15240	26.2	27.2	129.9	115.5	850
Upgraded	1,822	1,777		25.8	26.0	171.6	149.1

Details

Features
Combat flaps	Take-off flaps	Landing flaps	Air brakes	Arrestor gear	Drogue chute
✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓

Limits
Wings (km/h)	Gear (km/h)	Flaps (km/h)			Max Static G
		Combat	Take-off	Landing	+	-
1,458	482	1,018	470	463	~11	~5

Optimal velocities (km/h)
Ailerons	Rudder	Elevators	Radiator
< 680	< 750	< 700	-

Engine performance

Engine			Aircraft mass
Engine name		Number	Basic mass		Wing loading (full fuel)
General Electric J85-GE-21A		2	4,825 kg		395 kg/m2
Engine characteristics			Mass with fuel (no weapons load)				Max Takeoff Weight
Weight (each)	Type		11m fuel	20m fuel	30m fuel	38m fuel
303 kg	Afterburning axial-flow turbojet		5,423 kg	5,861 kg	6,379 kg	6,820 kg	11,000 kg
Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)			Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
Condition	100%	WEP	11m fuel	20m fuel	30m fuel	38m fuel	MTOW
Stationary	1,480 kgf	2,220 kgf	0.82	0.76	0.70	0.65	0.40
Optimal	1,575 kgf (1,458 km/h)	3,011 kgf (1,458 km/h)	1.11	1.03	0.94	0.88	0.55

Survivability and armour

Flares/Chaff

Aircraft countermeasures to distract IR and radar-guided missiles and also AA radar

Crew1 person

Speed of destruction

Structural0 km/h

Gear482 km/h

The F-5E is a light fighter, so as such it lacks any kind armour. If it loses its wing or tail it becomes incredibly difficult to fly. Surprisingly though, it can take a significant amount of punishment for its size. It can often survive a few hits from 20 and 23 mm cannons, and in the right circumstances, even tank a single infrared missile, though in the latter case it will likely still leave you critically damaged, such as being down an engine and / or missing one or multiple control surfaces. Despite the razorback-like hump of the fuselage being loaded with fuel tanks, fires are uncommon unless a direct hit to one of the engines occurs.

Flaring off incoming infrared missiles is very easy with the F-5E due to the low operating temperature of the engines even at full WEP, a trait shared with all the F-5 variants. While the E model only carries 45 countermeasures compared to the 60 on the A & C, they deploy one at a time and straight down, instead of deploying two at a time and completely rearwards, meaning your effective total is greater than the earlier F-5s, as well as being better at guiding infrareds away from you, except at ultra-low altitudes where the countermeasures may hit the ground.

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference

AB2 890 → 3 988

RB8 988 → 12 403

SB8 665 → 11 957

Total cost of modifications261 200

406 000

Talisman cost2 900

Crew training240 000

Experts830 000

Aces3 000

Research Aces1 140 000

Reward for battleAB / RB / SB

100 / 320 / 600 %

238 / 238 / 238 %

Modifications

Flight performance	Survivability	Weaponry
Compressor Research: 8 800 Cost: 14 000 360 New boosters Research: 9 900 Cost: 15 000 410 Wings repair Research: 13 000 Cost: 20 000 530 Engine Research: 14 000 Cost: 22 000 570	Fuselage repair Research: 8 800 Cost: 14 000 360 Airframe Research: 9 900 Cost: 15 000 410 G-suit Research: 13 000 Cost: 20 000 530 Cover Research: 14 000 Cost: 22 000 570	t_160_belt_pack Research: 8 800 Cost: 14 000 360 t_160_new_gun Research: 8 800 Cost: 14 000 360 Mk82 Research: 8 800 Cost: 14 000 360 BLU-1 Research: 8 800 Cost: 14 000 360 Gun pod GPU-5/A. Research: 9 900 Cost: 15 000 410 LAU-3/A Research: 9 900 Cost: 15 000 410 M117 Research: 9 900 Cost: 15 000 410 Flares/Chaff Research: 9 900 Cost: 15 000 410 GAU_13A_belt_pack Research: 13 000 Cost: 20 000 530 LAU-10/A Research: 13 000 Cost: 20 000 530 Mk83 Research: 13 000 Cost: 20 000 530 GAU_13A_new_gun Research: 14 000 Cost: 22 000 570 40px AGM-65B Research: 14 000 Cost: 22 000 570 Mk84 Research: 14 000 Cost: 22 000 570 AIM-9J Research: 14 000 Cost: 22 000 570

Armaments

Ballistic Computer
CCIP (Guns)	CCIP (Rockets)	CCIP (Bombs)	CCRP (Bombs)	EEGS

Offensive armament

The F-5E is armed with:

• 2 x 20 mm M39A3 cannons, nose-mounted (280 rpg = 560 total)
• 10 x large calibre countermeasures
• 30 x countermeasures

Suspended armament

The F-5E can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
30 mm GAU-13/A cannons (353 rpg)				1
500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs		1	1	1	1	1
500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs		1	1	1	1	1
750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs		1	1	1	1	1
1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs			1	1	1
2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs				1
BLU-1 incendiary bombs		1	1	1	1	1
FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets		19	19		19	19
Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets		4				4
AGM-65B missiles		1	1		1	1
AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles	1						1
AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles	1						1
150 gal drop tanks			1	1	1

Default weapon presets

3 x 150 gal drop tanks 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles 2 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles 5 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total) 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total) 5 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (2,500 lb total) 3 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (3,000 lb total) 1 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bomb (2,000 lb total) 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets 4 x AGM-65B missiles 1 x 30 mm GAU-13/A cannon (353 rpg) 5 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs

Usage in battles

The F-5E is one of the most manoeuvrable fighters at its rank. The F-5E is a very prevalent gun fighter due to its conservation of energy and turn radius but has weaker guns compared to the M61 Vulcan found on other American jets.

Before taking off, consider selecting a lighter fuel load to increase the F-5E's speed and lower the turn radius, but using the afterburner will eat through the fuel due to its high inefficiency. Another suggestion is to disable the F-5E's radar as the F-5E has no radar-guided missiles, so the radar isn't necessary in combat and may harm the F-5E's combat performance due to it tripping enemy RWR. After taking off, climbing too high will make the F-5E an easy target for enemy missiles, and without any ground to notch with or mask with it can be difficult to dodge a radar-guided missile. Staying below 10,000 feet (~3,000 metres) and going off towards the side of the battle at the start will let the F-5E work from the inside out, maximizing its survivability.

After the battle starts, F-5E pilots will want to abuse its energy conservation and turn radius to pick off threats in one vs. one fights. The F-5E's primary targets should be MiG-23, F-4J, and other F-5Es as they pose a large threat to the F-5E's team. In a fight, constantly check behind the F-5E to defend against missiles. Maintain a relatively high speed, around 550-700 mph (~880-1,100 km/h) for the best turning. Whenever the F-5E's plane is low on speed, disengage and try to regain that speed.

If an enemy jet follows the F-5E, be prepared to defend against a missile and reverse a turn, as long as the F-5E has speed and is in close range to an enemy jet, the F-5E will be able to win a dogfight against almost anything. The F-5E has the advantage against most jets in a turn-radius fight except against the MiG-21, Kfir, and JA37 Viggen. These enemy jets have very similar performance, but bleeds speed much easier, so a F-5E pilots can try to force them to lose their speed by maintaining a turn rate fight, where the F-5E will hold the advantage and force them to lose their speed. When using the plane's missiles, the AIM-9J has solid flare resistance, but will be defeated most of the time by an observant enemy. Pilots should only use missiles when an opponent lacks the speed to evade the threat, or against an enemy who is distracted by a friendly. The F-5E is a huge threat in battle, and can survive against lots of enemies at once, but without teammates the F-5E becomes an easy target. If there are teammates in the area, a F-5E pilots can draw enemies into a tunnel vision onto the F-5E, which will allow allies to pick the enemies off with ease if the F-5E baits the enemy into a low speed turn or inside loop.

Pros and cons

Pros:

• Improved engines over its predecessor, improving its speed and manoeuvrability
  • Efficient afterburner allows the use of lower fuel reserves, further improving performance
• Amazing energy retention above .90 Mach
• Has AIM-9J missiles that are impossible to react to by sound alone (when you hear them, it's already too late to flare or dodge)
• Large selection of air-to-ground armaments, including TV guided Maverick air-to-ground missiles
• Generous ammunition capacity for guns and great modern anti-tank ammunition for the 30 mm
• Small target
• Has gun aim assist when locking the target with a radar, making a general tactic to remove F-5 (force a head-on) near useless for planes that do not have it themselves
• Modern RWR with IFF + track, launch and threat type detection

Cons:

• Even though it has improved engines over the F-5C, it still has a low top speed when compared to the higher tier competition
• M39A3 cannons don't deal as much damage as cannons like the M61 Vulcan, or the Soviet GSh-23L
• No radar missiles, no all-aspect IR missiles
• Radar lacks IFF and different search angle modes
• Can only carry a maximum of two air-to-air missiles, making this plane mostly a gun fighter
• No ballistic computer for bombs or rockets (slightly inconvenient in air RB)

History

In the late 1960s, Northrop realized that by using an improved version of the General Electric J85 engine with more maximum thrust, the flight performance of the N-156 fighter (F-5 Freedom Fighter) could be improved a lot. During the test, the new J85-GE-21 engine was approved that it could produce almost 23% more thrust than the earlier J85-GE-13 engine used by early produced F-5A/B Freedom Fighter, F-5C Skoshi Tiger and T-38 Talon, which was 5,000 pounds maximum thrust in afterburner mode and 3,500 pounds thrust in military mode.

Official roll-out of first USAF F-5E Tiger II

As a result, the sixth production F-5B trainer was chosen to be modified with two new J85-GE-21 engines at Edwards AFB during the summer of 1969, and this upgraded Freedom Fighter with J85-GE-21 engines was called F-5-21 at that time. Overall, the new J85-GE-21 engine's weight was 100 lbs less than J85-GE-13 engine, the length of J85-GE-21 engine was 7 inches longer than J85-GE-13 engine, and an additional stage was added to the front of the J85-GE-13's previous eight-stage compressor to provide extra power, though the single rotor structure was retained, apart from that, two auxiliary intake doors were added to the fuselage above the wing trailing edge (one on each side of fuselage) to provide additional air to the engines for added thrust during take-off and low-speed flight. In Autumn of 1969, USAF decided to hold a new competition to select a new international fighter for Allied countries, and Northrop's F-5-21 program was announced the winner of new international fighter on 20th November 1970. Northrop received the contract from USAF for the further development of F-5E fighter on 8th December 1970. In January 1971, USAF changed the new F-5 fighter's designation from F-5-21 to F-5E, and the latter was named Tiger II in memory of the previous Skoshi Tiger Combat Evaluation program in Vietnam.

As for the airborne avionics system, a Central Air Data Computer was introduced on the new F-5E Tiger II, it could convert raw air data inputs into computed output, and transmit the results to other airborne electrical equipment such as Lead Computing Optical Sight System (LCOSS) and Stability Augmenter System. The new AN/ASG-29 LCOSS replaced the analogue fixed optical sight used by F-5A Freedom Fighter and F-5C Skoshi Tiger, which consisted a gyro lead computer (GLC) unit and an optical display unit (ODU), also an AIM-9 Sidewinder missile select switch was provided to select the appropriate missile launch envelope program stored in the GLC, and the ODU contained sight controls, a mirror drive assembly, and a combing glass which reflected the aiming reticle. Late production F-5Es changed the original AN/ASG-29 LCOSS to the new AN/ASG-31 LCOSS. The most important equipment of the F-5E was the new AN/APQ-153 multi-mode, forward-looking, X-band pulse, Search and Fire Control Radar, which could provide air-to-air search, range, and track information for use in Air-to-Air gunnery and missile launch, it formed the F-5E fighter's Fire Control System together with LCOSS unit, also the late production version of F-5E used AN/APQ-159 (V) 3 search and fire control radar instead of the previous AN/APQ-153 radar.

As for the aerodynamic design, in order to increase the manoeuvrability of F-5E, Northrop decided to increase the total area of Leading Edge Extensions (LEX) sections which were 2.75 times as large as that on the F-5A Freedom Fighter, also the wing area was more than 9% greater than that of F-5A Freedom Fighter, this improvement helped to increase lift and CL max (Coefficient of Lift) in high angle attack situations, also it could improve take-off and landing performance of F-5E too. The CL max of F-5E was increased to 1.4 compared with slightly lower than 1.2 for the F-5A Freedom Fighter, and the maximum lift-drag ratio at subsonic cruise speed was 10.

Thanks to the increased maximum power of new engine, the maximum level flight speed of F-5E was increased from Mach 1.4 to Mach 1.6, the maximum climb rate at sea level was also increased to more than 189 m/s, the empty weight was increased from 3,600 kg to 4,300 kg, and the maximum take off weight was increased to 9,800 kg, also the maximum internal fuel capability of F-5E was increased from 3,790 pounds to 4,536 pounds.

On 10th August 1972, the first F-5E completed its first flight at Edwards AFB. By March 1973, six F-5Es comprised the test force. One interesting fact was that during these flight tests at Edwards AFB, at least one F-5E fighter was painted with Imperial Iranian Air Force (IIAF) desert camouflage because at that time Iranian government was still willing to buy American military equipment. The Saudi Arabian Air Force decided to buy several F-5E and F-5F in 1976, which the program was named Peace Hawk IV, as the Saudi Arabian Air Force wanted to add the AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missile firing ability and Radar Warning Receiver equipment on their F-5 fighters, F-5E 71-1418 was chosen to conduct the test flights with AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missiles, also F-5E 75-00462 was chosen to test the new Chaff/Flare dispenser and AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missiles too. Except for Saudi Arabia and Iran, many other third-world countries such as Brazil, Kenya, and Malaysia became the customer of F-5 fighters, and the total number of countries and regions who received F-5Es was 37. Though the Imperial Iranian Air Force (IIAF) was changed to Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF) as a result of the coup in 1979, but during the Iran-Iraq war in 1980s, many former Imperial Iranian Air Force pilots who were trained by the US decided to join the battle against Iraq with the name of Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force after they were released by the government, even one time a F-5E of IRIAF successfully shot down a MiG-25 Foxbat interceptor of Iraq Air Force, the total air-to-air kills made by F-5 fighters of IRIAF was 23.

By late November 1986, the F-5E/F production line in California was finally shut down after it completed the last seven aircraft on the contract. Northrop built 2,603 F-5 fighters in total including 1,399 E and F models (793 F-5E and 146 F-5F according to some sources). The first unit of USAF equipped with F-5Es was the 425th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron (TFTS) at Williams AFB, which was responsible for the majority of the training of customer nation air and ground crew, they used F-5Es until June 1989, 1,499 students around the world were graduated from the 425th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron (TFTS). Apart from that, Imperial Iranian Air Force started to receive their F-5Es in 1974, but as the war situation of South Vietnam became worse, American decided to divert 18 F-5Es from the later Iranian order to support the Republic of Vietnam Air Force.

As a result, a total of 55 F-5Es were transported by the USA to South Vietnam before they lost the war on 30th April 1975. Except for battle damage and loss, about 27 F-5E fighters and 60-87 F-5A/B fighters that hadn't escaped to Thailand were captured by the North Vietnamese army after the defeat of South Vietnam. Through Vietnamese government decided to retain a small number of F-5 fighters and used them during the invasion of Cambodia, and they also sent some of the F-5 fighters to the Soviet Union. At first, the Soviet aircraft engineers didn't show much interest in the F-5Es because of the low thrust of the J85 engine, and they still believed that their fighters were much better than Western products. According to the estimation report of F-5E written by the Soviet engineers, they even thought that F-5E's level acceleration performance was only as slow as a piston fighter, also the estimated rate of climb at sea level was only 160 m/s. As a comparison, the true rate of climb of F-5A Freedom Fighter was 189 m/s.

Therefore, they thought that using the latest MiG-23 fighters against F-5E fighters was really bullying, so they decided to let the MiG-21bis fighter, which entered into service in 1972, conduct simulated air combat with a captured F-5E. The final result of that simulated air combat was beyond everyone's expectations: no matter what combat manoeuvre the MiG-21bis fighter did during the test, it couldn't avoid the fate of being shot down by the F-5E! The frustrated Soviet aircraft engineers decided to let their most advanced MiG-23M fighter at that time teach the F-5E fighter a lesson, but the result was almost the same: though the MiG-23M fighter could win in Beyond Visual Range engagements because of its R-23R medium-range semi-active radar-guided missile, however, the F-5E fighter could always maintain at the six o'clock position of MiG-23M fighter through various air combat manoeuvres. At last, the Soviet Union officially claimed that their aircraft was fully capable of competing with the most advanced fighter in the West at the time, but only the Soviet pilots knew that their nightmare would continue until today.

Three USAF aggressor unit F-5Es in formation.

Back in 1972, the USAF realised the need for dissimilar aircraft combat training, and they began to use T-38 Talon trainers as an aggressor aircraft at Nellis AFB, Nevada. Although the USAF wanted the more desirable F-5E jets to act as the aggressor's aircraft, the F-5Es produced at the time were prioritized to South Vietnam to save the situation. After the Saigon government finally fell in 1975, many F-5Es including those former Republic of Vietnam Air Force's planes that escaped to Thailand successfully were transported to those aggressor squadrons of the USAF, apart from their homeland, the USAF also established some aggressor squadrons in England and the Philippines to train with other fighter squadrons overseas. As for the US Navy, they also realized the need for dissimilar aircraft combat training, even earlier than the Air Force. The famous Top Gun program was first established in 1969, initially with A-4 Skyhawk, but later it was changed to T-38 Talon and F-5E. In the 1980s, the U.S Navy introduced the F-16N Fighting Falcon and Israel F-21A Kfir as the new aggressor aircraft, therefore, the use of F-5E waned. In 2009, Northrop Grumman delivered the last 44 ex-Swiss Air Force F-5E to the US Navy after modification for use as aggressor aircraft, these 41 single seat fighters and three fighters modified from F-5E and F-5F were renamed F-5N by US Navy (one interesting fact was that in 1965, Northrop also tested a modified F-5A 63-8421 fighter which was equipped with two new J85-GE-15 engine, and this aircraft was initially named F-5N too, the N referred to Northrop), these aircraft were served in VFC-13 and VFC-111 aggressor squadrons in Nevada and Florida.

Media

Skins

• Skins and camouflages for the F-5E from live.warthunder.com.

Videos

'F-5E In War Thunder : A Basic Review - Tim's Variety War Thunder

See also

Related development

• F-5 (Family)

External links

• Official data sheet - more details about the performance
• Technical Order 1F-5E-1 - Flight Manual for F-5E/F-5F Aircraft

Northrop Corporation
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