Type 89

This page is about the Japanese light tank Type 89. For other uses, see Type 89 (Disambiguation).

Type 89

Type 87 RCV

ICV (P)

Type 89

Type 87 RCV

ICV (P)

Japan

VI Rank

Battle rating:

AB	RB	SB
9.0	9.0	9.0

Class:

Light tank

Research:94 000

Purchase:520 000

Description

The Type 89 IFV (89式装甲戦闘車) entered service with the JSDF in 1989. It supplements the APCs that preceded it, such as the Type 60 APC, Type 73 APC and other wheeled APCs, which were vulnerable without tank support. The Type 89 IFV was developed from 1980 to 1989, when it was officially adopted. It was meant to work with the Type 90 tank in different regions, but due to budget constraints and high cost of the Type 89 IFV, only about 120 vehicles were produced by 2014 out of an order for 300, mainly deployed in Hokkaido.

The Type 89 IFV was introduced in Update 1.85 "Supersonic". It can engage various targets with its Oerlikon KDE (35 mm) and its heavy Type 79 Jyu-MAT missiles. It is best suited for hit-and-run tactics, using its speed and smoke grenades to avoid direct fire and attack the weaker sides of enemy armour with APDS rounds. The Type 89 IFV also has a laser warning system that warns the player of incoming laser-guided missiles.

General info

Survivability and armour

Smoke grenades

Creation of a smoke screen in front of the vehicle

LWS

Notifies about the vehicle's exposure to laser emissions

Armourfront / side / back

Hull35 / 15 / 15

Turret35 / 20 / 15

Crew3 people

Visibility88 %

While the Type 89's armour consists of rolled homogeneous armour, it is not any better than modern light tanks of other factions, which use double or even triple the amount of aluminium to give roughly the same amount of protection. This means that its sides and even angled turret will still be vulnerable to all autocannons and will trigger overpressure damage easily if hit in a weak spot, such as the back half of the tank.

The armour profile can be closely compared to Merkava Mk.1, it has a long hull with turret on the back, and the entirety of it is sloped as much as possible. This means that inaccurate frontal hull shots will likely bounce and this tank should always face the opponent. Unfortunately, due to how big the turret is, the bounced shell might actually fly straight into it, and there aren't any special shields or additional armour for the turret crew on this tank.

Internal module placement is rather smart on paper, with the driver and MG operator hiding on the right side of the tank, and main weapon crew hiding at the back along with ammunition, while the rest of the tank is one giant engine compartment, sealed off with a 5 mm RHA screen, meaning that most hull shots should not be able to deal overpressure damage. In reality, the means of protecting the crew and critical weak points are insufficient. Most notably, the driver isn't completely sealed away from tank's front and the turret, meaning that any chemical shot coming to suspension from the right can overpressure the entire tank. Direct artillery hits will usually destroy the tank instantly. Frontal shots also tend to destroy the gun breech, rendering the main gun useless.

Due to overall low thickness of armour Type 89 can get overmatched. Whenever the tank hull side is even slightly opened, it will get easily penetrated by big guns, the armour is thick enough to trigger APHE fuses and even if it's a slow 19 mm fuse it will trigger off hitting the engine and RHA screen, then cause violent explosions next to ammo rack. Pure AP shells even of a small calibre autocannon will fly straight through the entire engine compartment, likely hitting the turret crew or ammo rack in the very back of the tank. It is also possible to lose the entire tank crew to a single coaxial autocannon spray from the right side, as nothing is protecting the driver there.

The one scenario in which the sealed compartment can truly work against kinetic shells is when the Type 89 is driving around the town, or hiding from snipers behind buildings, and someone suddenly shoots engine compartment into direction opposite from the crew, then enemy APHE may simply get stuck there, doing reduced damage to the turret crew. This does not make the situation any better though, as without team help or a very unlikely ATGM counterattack, Type 89 will still get repeatedly set on fire until it explodes.

Recommendations: Keep your opponents in front of you, if you can't - at least keep them on your left to reduce chances of an overpressure damage. Avoid being shot directly by 120+ mm shells. Do not needlessly taunt enemy SPAA. In close quarters you can be extremely aggressive and destroy enemy weapon or gunner as soon as possible. Otherwise try to scout enemies and hope to fire first or that there is a sniper to cover your back.

Armour	Front (Slope angle)	Sides	Rear	Roof
Hull	15 mm - 20 mm (81°) Upper Glacis 5 mm (81°) Ventilation 35 mm (26°-57°) Lower Glacis 20 mm (0°-50°) Sponson Front	20 mm Upper 15 mm (Base) +10 mm (Sideskirts) Lower	15 mm	5 mm - 20 mm
Turret	35 mm (11°-12°) Turret Front Sides 25 mm + 25 mm Gun mantlet	20 mm	15 mm (Base) + 5 mm (Storage Rack)	10 mm
Cupola	10 mm

Notes:

• Fenders, Storage - 5 mm
• Turret Ring - 25 mm
• Tracks - 15 mm
• Suspension - 10 mm
• There are 10 mm or armour protection between the engine compartment and the crew compartment inside the vehicle

Mobility

Speedforward / back

AB78 / 48 km/h

RB and SB71 / 43 km/h

Number of gears8 forward

4 back

Weight26.5 t

Engine power

AB1 145 hp

RB and SB600 hp

Power-to-weight ratio

AB43.2 hp/t

RB and SB22.6 hp/t

Game Mode	Max Speed (km/h)		Weight (tons)	Engine power (horsepower)		Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
	Forward	Reverse		Stock	Upgraded	Stock	Upgraded
Arcade	78	48	26.5	930	1,145	35.09	43.21
Realistic	71	43		531	600	20.04	22.64

On hard, flat terrain, the Type 89 will easily keep pace or out-speed many other vehicles due to its reasonable power-to-weight ratio of 23 hp/t.

On soft, uneven or hilly terrain the Type 89 loses a lot of its speed advantage. This is due to the fact that the gearbox only provides 4 separate forward speeds. Due to the long gearing the Type 89 will often find itself unable to climb hills in gear 2 and will have to change to gear 1, which provides a top speed of just 9 km/h for hill-climbing. This means the Type 89 is often less mobile on hilly terrain than medium tanks. This problem can be mitigated to some extent by maintaining a good amount of speed (30+ km/h) and not stopping when travelling up hills.

As with Type 60 SPRG (C), reverse gear is much more responsive and will allow you to manoeuvre and retreat back around the corner during combat - use it if tank was forcibly stopped.

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference

AB3 215 → 5 381

RB3 439 → 5 756

SB4 117 → 6 891

Total cost of modifications155 300

259 400

Talisman cost2 600

Crew training150 000

Experts520 000

Aces2 100

Research Aces950 000

Reward for battleAB / RB / SB

130 / 170 / 210 %

220 / 220 / 220 %

Modifications

Mobility	Protection	Firepower
Tracks Research: 11 000 Cost: 17 000 490 Suspension Research: 6 300 Cost: 9 900 280 Brake System Research: 6 300 Cost: 9 900 280 Filters Research: 8 400 Cost: 13 000 370 Transmission Research: 9 100 Cost: 14 000 400 Engine Research: 9 100 Cost: 14 000 400	Improved Parts Research: 3 300 Cost: 17 000 490 Improved FPE Research: 1 900 Cost: 9 900 280 Crew Replenishment Research: 8 400 Cost: 13 000 370 Smoke grenade Research: 9 100 Cost: 14 000 400	Horizontal Drive Research: 11 000 Cost: 17 000 490 Adjustment of Fire Research: 6 300 Cost: 9 900 280 LWS/LR Research: 6 300 Cost: 9 900 280 Airstrike Research: 6 300 Cost: 9 900 280 Elevation Mechanism Research: 8 400 Cost: 13 000 370 NVD Research: 8 400 Cost: 13 000 370 Scout UAV Research: 8 400 Cost: 13 000 370 Artillery Support Research: 9 100 Cost: 14 000 400 Improved optics Research: 9 100 Cost: 14 000 400 152mm_jp_type_79_ASM_ammo_pack Research: 9 100 Cost: 14 000 400

Armaments

Laser rangefinder

Reduces the error and increases the maximum measurable distance of the rangefinder

Night vision device

Improves visibility by enhancing natural light or active illumination.

Thermal imager

Allows to see thermal radiation in the infrared range day and night

Main armament

35 mm Oerlikon KDE cannon

Two-plane stabilizer

Reduces the swing of the gun in two planes while moving

Autoloader

Automatically feeds projectiles into the breech. The speed does not depend on the skills of the loader

Ammunition251 rounds

First-order34 rounds

Reload0.3 s

Vertical guidance-10° / 35°

The Type 89 is equipped with a 35 mm Oerlikon KDE autocannon, which is similar to the KDA variant used by the Gepard, the Type 87, and the Chieftain Marksman, and is widely considered to be one of the most effective guns in regards to damage output and reliability. This is due to their moderate calibre and rate of fire: 35 mm is the largest of the small autocannons which allows it to have a much higher rate of fire than any 40 mm or 57 mm system.

The difference between them is that KDE cannon fires slower than KDA, but it uses tank-specific ammunition instead. This particular tank also has an autoloader magazine of 34 shells. Each shell is reloaded for about 5 seconds when not firing, unless you rearm on the capture point, which injects shells directly into the magazine every ~0.1 sec regardless of firing, which allows the gun to fire forever.

It is very important to remember that even 3-5 direct APDS hits to a cannon barrel can neutralize almost any medium tank Type 89 can face, and should anything impenetrable suddenly attack, one can just destroy their gun to avoid being shot at. The APDS can also easily hit tanks from further than 1.2 km away, so it's worth looking around for unaware opponents with their sides exposed.

Overall, the autocannon allows the Type 89 to deal with most lightly armoured vehicles in the game. The APDS ammunition allows it to deal with Main Battle Tanks from the side, sometimes even from the front, though this should be carefully planned, as running out of autoloader ammo will almost definitely result in Type 89's demise.

The tank can use conventional HE to attack helicopters, if it must. Remember to use the laser rangefinder to target them quicker when it's researched. HE can also be used to demolish buildings, but every building piece will take at least 3 shots, which severely undercuts already limited autoloader ammo pool, therefore it should only be done when rearming from a capture point and only if you want to see and fire over cover (for example, to use the Type 79 ASM efficiently).

Whenever you see that the main gun can't deal with an enemy target, or someone caught you off guard, consider using the ATGMs instead.

35 mm Oerlikon KDE						Turret rotation speed (°/s)					Reloading rate (seconds)
Mode	Capacity	Fire rate	Vertical	Horizontal	Stabilizer	Stock	Upgraded	Full	Expert	Aced	Autoloader
Arcade	251	200	-10°/+35°	±180°	Two-plane	28.6	39.5	48.0	53.1	56.5	0.30
Realistic						17.9	21.0	25.5	28.2	30.0

Ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
		10 m	100 m	500 m	1,000 m	1,500 m	2,000 m
DM23	APDS	127	125	118	110	102	95
DM11A1	HE*	11	11	9	8	6	5

Shell details
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Velocity (m/s)	Projectile mass (kg)	Fuse delay (m)	Fuse sensitivity (mm)	Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)	Ricochet
							0%	50%	100%
DM23	APDS	1,400	0.38	-	-	-	75°	78°	80°
DM11A1	HE*	1,175	0.55	0.1	0.1	204	79°	80°	81°

Ammo racks

Ammo racks of the Type 89

Full ammo	1st rack empty	2nd rack empty	3rd rack empty	4th rack empty	5th rack empty	Visual discrepancy
251	163 (+88)	103 (+148)	69 (+182)	35 (+216)	1 (+250)	No

Notes:

• Racks 1 and 2 are modeled as sets of 2 rounds. The rounds disappear from the rack only after you've fired both rounds in the set.
• Racks 3 and 4 are modeled as sets of 4 rounds; they disappear from the rack only after you've fired all rounds in the set.
• Rack 5 is modeled as individual rounds which disappear after having been shot or loaded.
• Rack 5 (autoloader magazine) is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 34 rounds.
  • This rack gets filled first when loading up the tank and is also emptied first.
  • As the Type 89 is equipped with an autoloader, manual reloading of the gun is not possible.
  • Once the autoloader magazine has been depleted, you can't shoot until the loader has restocked the autoloader with at least one round. The restocking time is longer than the normal reload time of the gun, so take this into account when playing.
  • Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 4 into rack 5. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

Additional armament

Type 79 ATGM

Ammunition4 rounds

Belt capacity2 rounds

Fire rate120 shots/min

Vertical guidance0° / 20°

Fire on the moveup to 5 km/h

The Type 79 default ATGM has around 700 mm flat penetration at any range and has start velocity of 200 m/s, while retaining the high explosive mass of the Type 64 MAT, making it one of the better ATGMs of the rank. This ATGM can deal with most tanks from the front, but be sure to avoid hitting modern NATO NERA composite armour, as these composite armours will minimise the damage done or even negate it entirely. When facing tanks with active ERA screens like M60A1 RISE (P), attack the screen with the cannon first if possible, as such ERA plating may reduce the damage taken by the hostile tank and force you to use both missiles to take them down.

Two missile launchers are located on the sides of the turret, with two reserve missiles being stored in the back of the hull (four total). Due to their placement, they only really arrive at crosshair location if the target is over 500 m away, so use them on targets which are away from the tank and practice aim in test drive to be able to use them at melee ranges, instead of relying on the targeting reticle. The second missile can be immediately fired after the first one, but firing it will cut off guidance for the first one, so only do this if you are sure it's on the correct course. Missile reload is only possible after both missiles are fired.

Type 79 ASM is a proximity HE modification of the Type 79 ATGM. You can only have 10 magazines of ASM modification per battle (20 shots). When you aim at an enemy tank, it will automatically fly above the designated target to explode at about 3 m range from the tank roof. You can't directly control how far it will go, but aiming lower will usually increase the damage output, until the missile starts hitting the target directly. It is generally recommended to aim around the enemy turret base for maximum damage, as missile then tends to explode right above the target's roof.

This missile can be used to obliterate hostile ATGM tanks or to counter superior proximity ATGM carriers, but it is not very effective against medium and heavy tanks. While it technically can breach the roof even of the most feared tanks (like IS-6) and can be spammed offensively until spent completely off the capture point, if aimed incorrectly the missile tends to detonate too early and hit plates with 35+ mm thickness, doing superficial or no damage. It can also be very difficult to use in the heat of battle, where even a fraction of a second spent aiming may be the difference between victory and defeat. The missile is also too weak to breach roof ERA or NERA, so tanks with the full 360° roof protection (like rank VII Soviet tanks) will not take any damage from it, easily enduring even double direct hits.

Type 79 missile				Reloading rate (seconds)
Capacity (Belt)	Vertical	Horizontal	Stabilizer	Stock	Full	Expert	Aced
4 (2)	0°/+20°	N/A	N/A	13.00	11.50	10.60	10.00

Ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
		10 m	100 m	500 m	1,000 m	1,500 m	2,000 m
Type 79	ATGM	700	700	700	700	700	700
Type 79 ASM	ATGM-HE	35	35	35	35	35	35

Missile details
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Velocity (m/s)	Range (m)	Projectile mass (kg)	Fuse delay (m)	Fuse sensitivity (mm)	Arming distance (m)	Trigger radius (m)	Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg)	Ricochet
										0%	50%	100%
Type 79	ATGM	200	4,000	19.9	0.05	0.1	-	-	5.5	80°	82°	90°
Type 79 ASM	ATGM-HE	200	4,000	19.9	0.05	0.1	30	3	3.01	79°	80°	81°

Ammo racks

Ammo racks of the Type 89

Full ammo	1st rack empty	2nd rack empty	Visual discrepancy
2	1 (+1)	0 (+2)	No

Notes:

• ATGMs are modeled by sets of 2. You can carry either 2 or 4 missiles.
• The left ATGM is fired first.
• The reload process will only begin when both ATGM have been fired off the Type 89's side launchers

Optics and night vision

The Type 89 receives night vision imagers once the tier 3 modification 'NVD' is researched. This unlocks standard 500 x 300 resolution thermal sights for the gunner, as well as standard image intensifiers for all crew (available in third person view in AB/RB additionally).

Type 89 Optics
Type of optic	Magnification	Night Vision Devices
		Image Intensifier			Thermal Imager Resolution	Notes
		Resolution	Light Mult	Noise Level
Gunner's Sight	2.0x - 8.0x	--	--	--	500 x 300	Intensifier & thermal sights unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
Commander's View	6.0x	1600 x 1200	9.0	High	N/A	Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
Driver's View	1.0x	800 x 600	5.0	High	N/A	Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)

Machine guns

7.62 mm Type 74 machine gun (coaxial)

Ammunition2 000 rounds

Belt capacity250 rounds

Reload8.0 s

Fire rate701 shots/min

Type 74 machine gun isn't doing anything special on this tank, as Type 89 can "scout" tanks directly without making any noise, but it can be sometimes used together with main gun when fighting other ATGM tanks or helicopters, as to add a chance of survival against ATGM by shooting them down mid-flight.

7.62 mm Type 74
Mount	Capacity (Belt)	Fire rate	Vertical	Horizontal
Coaxial	2,000 (250)	701	N/A	N/A

Usage in battles

While the tank has a lot of weapons, it is a bit on a slower side. Since it is not able to fire ATGMs on the move and its autoloader has a very limited ammo pool, the Type 89 has to rely on cover and area denial to move around and fight.

One way to avoid ammo starvation is to stand on a capture point, which will reload the weapons for you, but capture points often provide really poor cover and must be captured first to provide ammo, which may not even happen.

Even if you managed to get to a really good capture point, which does not allow enemies to suddenly attack you and you carry type 79 ASM to destroy them before they can even get into a line of sight, enemies will very soon grow tired of the endless 35 mm KDE noises and the ATGMs hitting them, then call their entire artillery supply in your general direction. An artillery strike can destroy the Type 89 in one hit and must be avoided.

If you clearly can't capture a point (there is a lot of tanks or snipers have it on lockdown), work as a support or a flanker to avoid situations in which you are overwhelmed and can't retreat to reload. Getting into enemy squad side can be difficult, but generally provides an opportunity to take out two tanks with a gun before ATGMs have be used.

Despite having low ammo count, the main gun itself can deal a lot of damage to the crew or weapons if aimed properly, working as a decent deterrent for many tanks. It won't be able to beat Begleitpanzer 57 or IT-1 because it does not have APHE option and only does marginal damage to such tanks if they are careful, so use ATGM to destroy them if you can.

Pros and cons

Pros:

• Has 2 ATGM loaded at the same time and can fire them in quick succession
• The Type 79 ATGM is hard to dodge, have high penetration power of 700 mm and higher explosive mass than average ATGM
• The Type 79 ASM can be used to defeat proximity ATGM carriers of higher rank, although it's not nearly as effective against regular targets
• The Type 89's hull technically can survive some HEAT, HESH or even ATGM if they hit its engine compartment (left side), but it's not very reliable
• Highly accurate stabilized main weapon
• Can very efficiently exchange speed to manoeuvrability at gears 2 and 3
• Neutral steering
• Good reverse speed, turns better in reverse than forward
• Has thermal sight

Cons:

• Weak armour - It has worse protection from overpressure damage than TAM or Warrior with add-on composite shields and also can lose an entire crew to a single 23 mm API-T or even APDS shot from the right side
• Low ammo count for the main gun autoloader and only 4 ATGM - will often get stuck for a long time hiding behind cover to reload
• Due to placement of ATGM launchers on turret, firing them in close combat is awkward and may result in a non-fatal hit
• Unlike Type 60 ATM, ATGM only reloads after you fired both of loaded missiles
• ATGM launchers have zero gun depression, which can make close range encounters even more difficult
• Very poor turn rate at gear 1

History

At the beginning of the 1980s, the JSDF wanted to replace its outdated Type 60 and Type 73 APCs with more modern IFVs, similar to the American Bradley and the German Marder. The JSDF drew up a set of requirements and tasked the Mitsubishi company with developing a suitable replacement.

In 1984, funding was approved to build four different prototypes, all of which underwent testing until 1986. By 1989, one prototype design was selected and was adopted within the armed forces under the designation of Type 89.

Initially, the JSDF estimated the need for about 300 Type 89s to be built. However, the end of the Cold War in the 1990s combined with a limited budget prevented a rapid mass-production of Type 89 to take place. In fact, production was proceeding at a very low rate, with just over 50 vehicles entering service with the JSDF by 1999.

Although production of Type 89 was discontinued in 2004, the vehicle is still in service with the JSDF today. As of 2016, a total of 68 vehicles were present in the JSDF's inventory from the initially planned 300.

- From Devblog

Media

Skins

• Skins and camouflages for the Type 89 from live.warthunder.com.

Market

Camo "Urban camouflage"

Videos

Best IFVs discusses the Type 89 at 4:30 - War Thunder Official Channel

See also

Related development

• Type 99 SPH

Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

• M3 / M3A3 Bradley
• Dardo IFV
• BMP-3
• Warrior / Desert Warrior
• CV90 (Family)
  • CV9030FIN
  • CV9035DK
  • Strf 9040B (BILL)

External links

• [Devblog] Type 89: The Fire Dragon

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. (三菱重工業株式会社)
Ground Vehicles
APC	Type 60 · SUB-I-II
IFV	Type 89
MCV	Type 16 (P) · Type 16 (FPS) · Type 16
RCV	RCV (P)
SPH	Type 75 · Type 99
SPAAG	Type 87
Main Battle Tanks
Type 61	ST-A1 · ST-A2 · ST-A3 · Type 61
Type 74	ST-B2 · Type 74 (C) · Type 74 (E) · Type 74 (F) · Type 74 (G)
Type 90	Type 90 · Type 90 (B)
Type 10	TKX (P) · TKX · Type 10
Air Vehicles
Jet Fighters
F-86	F-86F-30 ▅* · F-86F-40 ▅* · F-86F-40 JASDF▅*
F-104	F-104J*
F-1	T-2 Early · T-2 · F-1
F-4	F-4EJ Phantom II* · F-4EJ ADTW* · F-4EJ Kai Phantom II*
F-15	F-15J* · F-15J(M)*
Naval Vehicles
Patrol Boats (PT)
No. 7 class	PT-8 (PT-808)
No. 11 class	PT-15 (PT-815)
Destroyers (DD)
Harukaze-class	JDS Harukaze (DD-101)
Ayanami-class	JDS Ayanami (DD-103)
Murasame-class	JDS Murasame (DD-107)
	MHI's shipyards are positioned in Kobe, Nagasaki, and Shimonoseki
	* Licensed Production / Variants
See also	Mitsubishi Aircraft Company (1928-1945) · Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. (1938-1945) · Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Company (1884-1945)
	North American Aviation · Lockheed · McDonnell Aircraft Corporation

Japan light tanks
Type 89	I-Go Ko
Type 95	Ha-Go · Ha-Go Commander
Type 98	Ke-Ni
Other	Ka-Mi
IFV	Type 89
RCV	Type 87 RCV (P) · Type 87 RCV · RCV (P)
MCV	Type 16 (P) · Type 16 (FPS) · Type 16
USA	▅M24 · ▅M41A1