320 mm/44 Ansaldo model 1936 (320 mm)

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Description

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General info

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Available ammunition

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Comparison with analogues

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Usage in battles

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History

Unlike the other signatories of the Washington Naval Treaty, Italy was allowed to continue constructing battleships, albeit restricted in their tonnage by a total of 70,000 tonnage for new capital ships. When Italy began the development of the Littorio-class battleships in the 1930s, they knew it would take a while to build them and as a stopgap, they gave an extensive refit of their World War I-era dreadnoughts. Among the changes was boring out and relining their main battery guns. As the Regio Marina (Royal Italian Navy) used two different forms of 12-inch guns on their dreadnoughts from different manufacturers, the new 12.6-inch guns were given different designations for the refits on their dreadnoughts. For the Andrea Doria-class dreadnoughts, the guns were redesignated the 320 mm/44 Ansaldo model 1936.

The Ansaldo model 1936 guns began life as the 305 mm/46 Vickers model 1909 on the RN Andrea Doria and her sister ship the RN Duilio. The new Ansaldo-modified guns were bored out (which included moving the A tube and wiring) to 320 millimeters from 305 millimeters. The other changes were the addition of new liners, new ammunition, and increased elevation angles. During World War II, the Andrea Doria and Duilio saw little action in combat as the lack of radar or aerial reconnaissance left their battleships only rarely able to locate and attack British targets. The two ships spent most of their career during the war engaging in convoy escort duties in the Mediterranean. The rare case of the Andrea Doria seeing action occurred at the First Battle of Sirte on December 17th, 1941, off the coast of Libya and possibly damaged the destroyer HMS Kipling (British sources note the caliber of the shell splinters were the same as the main battery guns of the Andrea Doria or Giulio Cesare). Eventually, both ships were forced back into port before the Armistice with the Allies in September 1943 (the Andrea Doria due to mechanical faults and the Duilio due to Italy’s fuel shortage) and were scrapped in 1956 and 1957 respectively.

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External links


Italy naval cannons
20 mm  20 mm/65 Breda · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon 3S · 20 mm/70 Scotti-Isotta Fraschini mod.1939
37 mm  37 mm/54 Breda Mod.32 · 37 mm/54 Breda Mod.38 · 37 mm/54 Breda Mod.39
40 mm  40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 · 40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917, Modif.1930 · 40 mm/70 Breda-Bofors type 107
65 mm  65 mm/64 Ansaldo-Terni Mod.1939
76 mm  76 mm/40 Armstrong mod.1897/1910 · 76 mm/40 Armstrong mod.1897/1912 · 76 mm/40 Ansaldo mod.1917 · 76 mm/45 Schneider mod.1911 · 76 mm/50 Vickers mod.1909 · 76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact · 76-mm/62 SMP 3
90 mm  90 mm/50 Ansaldo model 1939
100 mm  100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 · 100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1937
120 mm  120 mm/45 Canet-Schneider-Armstrong mod.1918-19 · 120 mm/50 Armstrong model 1909 · 120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 · 120 mm/50 Ansaldo mod.1926 · 120 mm/50 O.T.O. Mod.1936
135 mm  135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937
152 mm  152 mm/45 Schneider mod.1911 · 152/53 mm Ansaldo mod.1926 · 152/53 mm O.T.O. Mod.1929
203 mm  203 mm/50 Ansaldo mod.1924 · 203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927
305 mm  305 mm/46 Armstrong model 1909 · 305 mm/46 Vickers model 1909
320 mm  320 mm/44 OTO model 1934 · 320 mm/44 Ansaldo model 1936
  Foreign:
20 mm  2 cm/65 Flakvierling 38 (Germany) · 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (USA)
40 mm  Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (USA) · Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (USA)
76 mm  76 mm/50 Mk.33 (USA)
127 mm  127 mm/38 Mk.12 (USA)

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