M19A1

M19A1

T77E1

M42

M19A1

T77E1

M42

USA

III Rank

Battle rating:

AB	RB	SB
4.7	4.0	4.0

Class:

SPAA

Research:18 000

Purchase:47 000

Description

The Twin Gun Motor Carriage M19A1 is a rank III American Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) gun with a battle rating of 4.7 (AB) and 4.0 (RB/SB). It was one of the first vehicles to be released with the US ground forces in Update 1.45 "Steel Generals". Armed with dual-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns, the M19A1 provides a substantial firepower upgrade over the standard .50 cal machine guns and 37 mm autocannon used in its predecessors M16 MGMC and M15A1 CGMC.

As a SPAA, stay behind and close to your teammates and outside of your enemies' view and range while keeping a clear line of sight to the horizon for low-flying aircraft.

General info

Survivability and armour

Armourfront / side / back

Hull12 / 12 / 12

Turret12 / 8 / 8

Crew6 people

Visibility123 %

Armour type:

• Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)

Armour	Front (Slope angle)	Sides	Rear	Roof
Hull	12.7 mm (59°) Upper glacis 12.7 mm (45°) Lower glacis	12.7 mm (11°)	12.7 mm	12.7 mm
Turret	12.7 mm (cylindrical) Gun shield - lower part 12.7 mm (spherical) Gun shield - upper part	8 mm (cylindrical) 8 + 12.7 mm (cylindrical) Turret base	8 mm (cylindrical) 8 + 12.7 mm (cylindrical) Turret base

Notes:

• Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.

The M19A1 is so lightly armoured that it is very vulnerable to nearby ammorack detonations, bomb blasts and even heavy MG fire can reliably penetrate the vehicle from beyond 1,000 m. As the M19A1 has an open-topped turret, gun servants are also very exposed to MG fire, artillery strikes and plane strafings.

Mobility

Speedforward / back

AB62 / 26 km/h

RB and SB57 / 24 km/h

Number of gears8 forward

2 back

Weight18.7 t

Engine power

AB565 hp

RB and SB296 hp

Power-to-weight ratio

AB30.2 hp/t

RB and SB15.8 hp/t

Game Mode	Max Speed (km/h)		Weight (tons)	Engine power (horsepower)		Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
	Forward	Reverse		Stock	Upgraded	Stock	Upgraded
Arcade	62	26	18.7	420	565	22.46	30.21
Realistic	57	24		262	296	14.01	15.83

As a light vehicle, the M19A1 is agile. While it has a high top speed, the acceleration is quite slow: expect a cruise speed around 40 km/h instead. The reverse speed is very high, allowing you to pull out of dangerous situations quickly. The lack of neutral steering makes turning on the spot slow (3 km/h): make sure to build a little speed before turning and you'll turn faster (7 km/h). If you need to quickly turn your hull on the spot towards flanking enemies, privilege the reverse gear (-6 km/h).

The offroad mobility is good: the M19A1 reaches 17 km/h when fording, 19 km/h when driving uphill with some speed built-up and a mere 12 km/h uphill from a stop start. The wide tracks combined to the light weight of the vehicle grant the M19A1 a good mobility on hard (solid ground, roads) and soft terrain (mud, snow, sand). Light obstacles (fences and bushes) are not a problem but medium to large obstacles (posts, trees, concrete blocks and parked vehicles) will reduce your mobility: avoid them.

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference

AB1 326 → 1 706

RB1 006 → 1 294

SB1 493 → 1 921

Total cost of modifications19 810

32 500

Talisman cost980

Crew training13 000

Experts47 000

Aces330

Research Aces280 000

Reward for battleAB / RB / SB

70 / 90 / 130 %

136 / 136 / 136 %

Modifications

Mobility	Protection	Firepower
Tracks Research: 990 Cost: 1 600 95 Suspension Research: 890 Cost: 1 500 85 Brake System Research: 890 Cost: 1 500 85 Filters Research: 1 700 Cost: 2 800 160 Transmission Research: 2 100 Cost: 3 400 195 Engine Research: 2 100 Cost: 3 400 195	Improved Parts Research: 990 Cost: 1 600 95 Improved FPE Research: 890 Cost: 1 500 85 Crew Replenishment Research: 1 700 Cost: 2 800 160	40mm_usa_M2_HE_ammo_pack Research: 990 Cost: 1 600 95 Horizontal Drive Research: 990 Cost: 1 600 95 40mm_usa_M2_AP_ammo_pack Research: 890 Cost: 1 500 85 Adjustment of Fire Research: 890 Cost: 1 500 85 Elevation Mechanism Research: 1 700 Cost: 2 800 160 Artillery Support Research: 2 100 Cost: 3 400 195

Armaments

Main armament

2 x 40 mm Dual Automatic Gun M2

Ammunition352 rounds

Belt capacity8 rounds

Reloadbasic crew → aces

0.6 → 0.5 s

Fire rate120 shots/min

Vertical guidance-5° / 85°

40 mm Bofors (x2)						Turret rotation speed (°/s)					Reloading rate (seconds)
Mode	Capacity (Belt)	Fire rate	Vertical	Horizontal	Stabilizer	Stock	Upgraded	Full	Expert	Aced	Stock	Full	Expert	Aced
Arcade	352 (8)	120	-5°/+85°	±180°	N/A	35.2	48.8	59.2	65.5	69.7	0.65	0.58	0.53	0.50
Realistic						23.8	28.0	34.0	37.6	40.0

The 40 mm Bofors gun stays reliably accurate until 1,000 m distance. Beyond 1,500 m the loss of accuracy becomes a real handicap. The shortness of the gun is mitigated by the high rate of fire and the fact that targeted aircraft are bigger than an average ground vehicle. Your ideal engagement window is between 1,000 and 1,500 m for aircraft. The high muzzle velocity of your shells grants you pretty flat firing trajectories and thus helps fire at fast-moving targets from a distance. As your shells weigh the same, your different belts offer the same firing arc.

The turret traverse speed is very high, allowing you to track any aircraft flying right by you. The gun elevation is also very good, almost allowing vertical fire. The depression angle is poor but not often used. The recoil is minimal and barely impacts your targeting. The reload time between clips is very short: under 1 second. While lacking a stabilizer, the M19 still can reliably fire on the move at targets under 700 m distance.

The gun overheats after in 20 seconds of uninterrupted fire and is forced into a cooldown phase of 10 seconds during which you can't shoot. To keep the gun from overheating, privilege firing by bursts instead of continuous fire with small pauses between shots. The overheating is displayed in-game by 4 red quadrants around your sight gradually filling up as you gun temperature rises. Always keep it from reaching the 3rd quadrant.

Ammunition

• Default: AP-T · HEFI-T* - The belt composition means that 50% of the shells (HEFI-T*) are useless against tanks. However, this belt is reliable against open-topped or lightly armoured targets like SPAA vehicles as well as against planes.

• Mk.II: HEFI-T* - This belt does little damage against armoured targets and should be used especially against aircraft or open-topped vehicles. The high-explosive filler is deadly to crew members.

• M81A1: AP-T - This belt offers decent damage against lightly armoured tanks, especially at close range. While the damage effects post-penetration can be quite poor, the rapid fire from the autocannon can remedy this problem by following up quickly with another penetrating shot. In close combat, these shells should be used against modules and crew member to make the most of each shell.

Penetration statistics
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
		10 m	100 m	500 m	1,000 m	1,500 m	2,000 m
Default	AP-T/HEFI-T*	72	69	58	47	38	30
Mk.II	HEFI-T*	3	3	3	3	3	3
M81A1	AP-T	72	69	58	47	38	30

Shell details
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Velocity (m/s)	Projectile Mass (kg)	Fuse delay (m)	Fuse sensitivity (mm)	Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)	Ricochet
							0%	50%	100%
Mk.II	HEFI-T*	874	0.86	0	0.1	63	79°	80°	81°
M81A1	AP-T	874	0.88	N/A	N/A	N/A	47°	60°	65°

Ammo racks

Full ammo	1st rack empty	2nd rack empty	3rd rack empty	4th rack empty	5th rack empty	6th rack empty	7th rack empty	8th rack empty	9th rack empty	10th rack empty	11th rack empty	12th rack empty	13th rack empty	Visual discrepancy
44	22 (+22)	20 (+24)	18 (+26)	17 (+27)	15 (+29)	13 (+31)	12 (+32)	10 (+34)	8 (+36)	7 (+37)	5 (+39)	3 (+41)	2 (+42)	Yes

Ammo racks of the M19A1

Notes:

• The visual discrepancy concerns racks and clips: racks are modeled to contain 5 clips while clips are modeled to contain 5 rounds.
• The game however shoots 8 rounds per clip and racks disappear after varying amounts of rounds have been shot. Example: rack 2 to 13 are the same size (25 rounds) but some disappear after 2 clips were fired (16 rounds), some others disappear only after 1 clip (8 rounds) has been fired.
• No rack is emptied before you have fired 21 clips out of 44.

Usage in battles

With the Dual 40 mm Bofors the M19 has an excellent weapon against bombers and armoured attackers. The ammo is limited though, so reserve the fire for certain hits. Against fighters, the same tactic should be applied.

Compared to certain other SPAAs (ZSU-37, Wirbelwind, Multiple Gun Motor Carriage M13, etc.), the M19 cannot be used as effectively in an anti-vehicle role, so stay behind your allies and watch the skies for enemy aircraft. If contact with ground targets is inevitable however, aiming for a targets' cannon barrel or tracks is a valid option. If flanking is available, take the opportunity and load some shells into their sides or rear. However be very careful, your crew members are exposed to machine gun fire and can easily be knocked out. This is a problem especially if it's coming from enemy aircraft, as they can also easily kill your crew. So take caution if using the M19 in an anti-vehicle role.

Pros and cons

Pros:

• Heavy anti-air firepower
• Powerful 40 mm HE shells, can decimate/critically damage aircraft
• Good mobility

Cons:

• Open top, exposing loaders and gunners
• Compared to other SPAA at the same rank, poor anti-vehicle performance
• Little armour
• Decreased mobility off-road
• Exposed ammo rack

History

Development

The development of this vehicle began from the T65 project. The T65 was classified as the 40 mm Gun Motor Carriage T65 and was based off the chassis of the M5 Stuart as requested by US Army Armored Force for a light anti-aircraft vehicle. The T65 was a successful vehicle and went on for about 1,000 units produced, however, it stopped because the production line for the Stuart chassis was phased out as well. As a replacement, the Armored Force peered into the new light tank entering production, the M24 Chaffee, as the basis of their new light anti-aircraft vehicle. This project was called the T65E1 and was being developed at the same time with the M24 (still in development as the T24). The layout for the T65E1 on the new chassis was similar to the one used with Stuart's chassis, with the gun turret at the rear and engine at the middle, and only a few changes were made like changing the original vertical gun shield into an angular one.

The T65E1 was accepted in May 1944 and designated as the Twin Gun Motor Carriage M19. An order of 904 of these vehicles was sent to Cadillac, but production didn't start until August and the factory was only able to make 285 units before the war ended due to diversion in parts to creating full M24 Chaffees. An upgrade made during its production life was designated the M19A1 and had an auxiliary engine and generator to operate the 40 mm cannons in case the main engine is disabled, plus an extra compartment to hold two spare barrels for the gun should they be damaged or overheated.

Combat usage

The M19 TGMCs that were produced were sent to Europe and used by the US Army. However, by the time the M19 was available for use, the German Luftwaffe had been decimated by the Allied air superiority, thus the M19 use as an anti-aircraft gun has been diminished greatly. The M19, like its many anti-aircraft vehicle designs made before it, found great service as an assault gun, where its 40 mm twin cannons can deliver much more firepower than its predecessors with either only .50 calibre machine guns (M16 MGMC), or a 37 mm autocannon (M15 CGMC). The M19 was never exported to America's allies in the Lend-Lease Act, and not even after the war with the Military Aid Program. Despite that, the M19 still saw use in America up to the Korean War for nearly the same purposes it was given for in World War II as a ground support weapon. It was used as a defensive turret against charging North Korean and Chinese forces when they try to overrun infantry positions, to which it served with devastating effect. Its effect against enemy aircraft is dubious during the war.

When the M24 Chaffee and its chassis derivatives were finally phased out of service in 1956 for newer tanks in production, the M19 was no exception. However, the M19 40 mm turrets were removed from the chassis and was simply put onto the next light tank chassis that was to take over the role the M24 Chaffee was built for. This light tank was the M41 Walker Bulldog and the M19 turret-mounted chassis was named the M42 Duster.

In-game description

Combat experience in 1941-1942 showed that the troops needed a mobile anti-aircraft system capable of escorting mechanized columns and protecting against enemy aircraft. Development of the new vehicle began in 1942. The first prototype of the T65 self-propelled artillery piece was created using the M5A1 light tank chassis, though it was replaced during trials with the M24 light tank's more modern version.

The hull's nose section was home to the transmission and the driver's compartment, in which the driver (left) and commander (right) were located. The roof of the driver's compartment had hatches and periscopes, while the engine was located in the center section. The battle compartment was in the rear section, on the roof of which was an open-air turret system mounted in the front with two electrically fired 40 mm Bofors automatic cannons. The turret was rotated using a manually operated electrohydraulic actuator. Ammunition included high-explosive and incendiary rounds, while the crew was armed with two 11.43 mm Thompson submachine guns and four 7.62 mm carbines.

By September 1945 Cadillac and Masse-Harris had produced 285 (300 by other calculations) units, and by the end of 1945 they had begun to join tank divisions. They saw combat in the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The primary goal of the M19 was to fight off land targets, something they were good at through the entire campaign, and they remained in the US army until 1956.

Media

Skins

• Skins and camouflages for the M19A1 on live.warthunder.com.

Videos

M19 Tank Review - NUSensei

How to destroy tanks with low penetrating shells? - HowToPlay1337

See also

Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

• M24 (Family)

Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

• M42 Duster (Family)

External links

• [Development] Steel Generals: M19
• [Development] Developers about the M19
• [Wikipedia] M19 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage
• [Military Factory] M19 Gun Motor Carriage (M19 Twin 40mm)

USA anti-aircraft vehicles
M3 Half-track derivatives	M13 MGMC · M15 CGMC · M16 MGMC
M24 derivative	M19A1
M41 derivative	M42
Radar SPAAG	M163 · M247
Missile SPAA	ADATS · Imp.Chaparral · LAV-AD · XM975