Difference between revisions of "Bliss-Leavitt Mk.1 (533 mm)"
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
| + | <!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' --> | ||
The Bliss-Leavitt Mk.1 is a pre-WW1 torpedo developed by the United States for use against surface targets. Largely obsolete by the service dates of most US battleships present in War Thunder, it's only present on the earliest dreadnought hulls for use in underwater launchers. | The Bliss-Leavitt Mk.1 is a pre-WW1 torpedo developed by the United States for use against surface targets. Largely obsolete by the service dates of most US battleships present in War Thunder, it's only present on the earliest dreadnought hulls for use in underwater launchers. | ||
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== General info == | == General info == | ||
| + | ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the torpedo.'' | ||
| + | |||
=== Effective damage === | === Effective damage === | ||
| − | The Mk.1 only contains around 91 kg of TNT equivalent | + | <!-- ''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of torpedo (high explosive, splash damage, etc)'' --> |
| + | The Mk.1 only contains around 91 kg of TNT equivalent. Very little damage will likely be dealt upon detonation, with the most damage occurring to smaller vessels which can experience unrepairable breaches from the explosion. Capital ships are mostly immune, due to their thick belts. The best chance for damage to occur is if the torpedo hits an unprotected magazine or engine room on a ship with little standoff distance, such as a destroyer. | ||
=== Comparison with analogues === | === Comparison with analogues === | ||
| − | Most torpedoes you come into contact with on the seas of War Thunder will be stronger, faster, and have a longer range. Torpedoes of a similar era, such as those found on the SMS Helgoland and HMS Dreadnought, run at similar speeds but contain slightly more explosive and can operate at much further ranges. The Mk. 1 does out-range early Russian dreadnought-launched torpedoes, but suffers in terms of speed. | + | <!-- ''Give a comparative description of torpedoes that have firepower equal to this weapon.'' --> |
| + | Most torpedoes you come into contact with on the seas of War Thunder will be stronger, faster, and have a longer range. Torpedoes of a similar era, such as those found on the [[SMS Helgoland]] and [[HMS Dreadnought]], run at similar speeds but contain slightly more explosive and can operate at much further ranges. The Mk. 1 does out-range early Russian dreadnought-launched torpedoes, but suffers in terms of speed. | ||
== Usage in battles == | == Usage in battles == | ||
| − | The rather limited range of this torpedo combined with its small payload makes it largely unsuitable for capital ship combat in War Thunder. The fixed underwater launchers found on early dreadnought hulls mean that the user's hull has to be almost perpendicular to the enemy to get a firing solution. Should you find yourself within a couple | + | <!-- ''Describe situations when you would utilise this torpedo in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)'' --> |
| + | The rather limited range of this torpedo combined with its small payload makes it largely unsuitable for capital ship combat in War Thunder. The fixed underwater launchers found on early dreadnought hulls mean that the user's hull has to be almost perpendicular to the enemy to get a firing solution. Should you find yourself within a couple kilometres of an enemy ship, you may want to wait for the enemy's course to intersect with the firing angle of your launcher, rather than turn the entire hull and expose your broadside just to fire your torpedo. Only one can be loaded on each side of the ship at a time, and it takes time to reload. | ||
| − | If you are able to obtain an acceptable firing angle on an enemy ship, | + | If you are able to obtain an acceptable firing angle on an enemy ship, they may be surprised to find that you've fired a torpedo at all. Many early battleship captains opt not to carry them to reduce their explosion risk, and the underwater launchers don't create a visible plume of steam when fired, allowing them to be deployed with relative stealth. |
=== Pros and cons === | === Pros and cons === | ||
| + | <!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.'' --> | ||
| + | |||
'''Pros:''' | '''Pros:''' | ||
* Can cause lethal flooding against smaller targets | * Can cause lethal flooding against smaller targets | ||
* Large enough to reach unprotected magazines | * Large enough to reach unprotected magazines | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
'''Cons:''' | '''Cons:''' | ||
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* Warhead is smaller than its contemporaries | * Warhead is smaller than its contemporaries | ||
* Requires very close range to use | * Requires very close range to use | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
| − | Developed in 1904, the name Bliss-Leavitt combines the last name of its inventor, Frank McDowell Leavitt, with that of his employer, the E. W. Bliss Co. The Mk 1 was propelled by a single-stage vertical turbine engine, and powered by an alcohol-fired dry heater tied to a 2,250 psi air flask. The original development models of the torpedo ran cold - that is they fed compressed air into the engine without the use of any heating mechanisms. Once the torpedo went into production, however, a "combustion pot" or "superheater" was added between the air flask and engine. By heating the air prior to its introduction to the engine's combustion chamber, higher efficiency was achieved. This allowed the production version to sustain travel at 27 knots (50 km/h) for 4,000 yards (3,660 m), far surpassing the range of the preceding Whitehead torpedoes. | + | <!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' --> |
| + | [[File:WTUS PreWWII Whipple pic.jpg|thumb|Twin 18" (45 cm) torpedo tubes on USS Whipple (D-15) in June 1918. Note 6-pdr gun in the background. U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph # NH 41761]] | ||
| + | Developed in 1904, the name Bliss-Leavitt combines the last name of its inventor, Frank McDowell Leavitt, with that of his employer, the E. W. Bliss Co. The Mk.1 was propelled by a single-stage vertical turbine engine, and powered by an alcohol-fired dry heater tied to a 2,250 psi air flask. The original development models of the torpedo ran cold - that is they fed compressed air into the engine without the use of any heating mechanisms. Once the torpedo went into production, however, a "combustion pot" or "superheater" was added between the air flask and engine. By heating the air prior to its introduction to the engine's combustion chamber, higher efficiency was achieved. This allowed the production version to sustain travel at 27 knots (50 km/h) for 4,000 yards (3,660 m), far surpassing the range of the preceding [[Whitehead A 110/450 (450 mm)|Whitehead]] torpedoes. | ||
| − | However, the Mk 1 variants suffered from stability issues due to its vertical compression turbine being tied to a single four-bladed propeller. The torque of the engine would often cause the torpedo to roll off course, an issue which was corrected in subsequent versions of the Bliss-Leavitt which used a two-stage engine with contra-rotating | + | However, the Mk.1 variants suffered from stability issues due to its vertical compression turbine being tied to a single four-bladed propeller. The torque of the engine would often cause the torpedo to roll off course, an issue which was corrected in subsequent versions of the Bliss-Leavitt which used a two-stage engine with contra-rotating propellers. |
| − | As was often the case with torpedoes around this time, the Bliss Leavitt Mk. 1 carried wet gun cotton (nitrocellulose) and a percussion detonator, opting for a payload of 200 lbs (90 kg). | + | As was often the case with torpedoes around this time, the Bliss-Leavitt Mk.1 carried wet gun cotton (nitrocellulose) and a percussion detonator, opting for a payload of 200 lbs (90 kg). |
== Media == | == Media == | ||
| − | |||
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' | ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| − | + | <!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:'' | |
| + | * ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;'' | ||
| + | * ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.'' --> | ||
| − | [[G6c (500 mm)]] | + | * [[R.G.F. Mark VI** (450 mm)]] |
| − | + | * [[G6c (500 mm)]] | |
| − | [[Pattern 1912 (450 mm)]] | + | * [[Pattern 1912 (450 mm)]] |
| + | == External links == | ||
| + | <!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:'' | ||
| + | * ''topic on the official game forum;'' | ||
| + | * ''other literature.'' --> | ||
| − | OP353W - ''A Brief History of U.S. Navy Torpedo Development (1978)'' | + | * OP353W - ''A Brief History of U.S. Navy Torpedo Development (1978)'' |
| − | + | * http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_PreWWII.php#Bliss-Leavitt_21%22_%2853.3_cm%29_Mark_1 | |
| − | http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_PreWWII.php#Bliss-Leavitt_21%22_%2853.3_cm%29_Mark_1 | + | * https://maritime.org/doc/jolie/part1.php#page022 |
| − | + | {{Torpedoes}} | |
[[Category:Naval special armaments]] | [[Category:Naval special armaments]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:30, 23 September 2024
Contents
Description
The Bliss-Leavitt Mk.1 is a pre-WW1 torpedo developed by the United States for use against surface targets. Largely obsolete by the service dates of most US battleships present in War Thunder, it's only present on the earliest dreadnought hulls for use in underwater launchers.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
General info
Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the torpedo.
Effective damage
The Mk.1 only contains around 91 kg of TNT equivalent. Very little damage will likely be dealt upon detonation, with the most damage occurring to smaller vessels which can experience unrepairable breaches from the explosion. Capital ships are mostly immune, due to their thick belts. The best chance for damage to occur is if the torpedo hits an unprotected magazine or engine room on a ship with little standoff distance, such as a destroyer.
Comparison with analogues
Most torpedoes you come into contact with on the seas of War Thunder will be stronger, faster, and have a longer range. Torpedoes of a similar era, such as those found on the SMS Helgoland and HMS Dreadnought, run at similar speeds but contain slightly more explosive and can operate at much further ranges. The Mk. 1 does out-range early Russian dreadnought-launched torpedoes, but suffers in terms of speed.
Usage in battles
The rather limited range of this torpedo combined with its small payload makes it largely unsuitable for capital ship combat in War Thunder. The fixed underwater launchers found on early dreadnought hulls mean that the user's hull has to be almost perpendicular to the enemy to get a firing solution. Should you find yourself within a couple kilometres of an enemy ship, you may want to wait for the enemy's course to intersect with the firing angle of your launcher, rather than turn the entire hull and expose your broadside just to fire your torpedo. Only one can be loaded on each side of the ship at a time, and it takes time to reload.
If you are able to obtain an acceptable firing angle on an enemy ship, they may be surprised to find that you've fired a torpedo at all. Many early battleship captains opt not to carry them to reduce their explosion risk, and the underwater launchers don't create a visible plume of steam when fired, allowing them to be deployed with relative stealth.
Pros and cons
Pros:
- Can cause lethal flooding against smaller targets
- Large enough to reach unprotected magazines
Cons:
- Very slow
- Warhead is smaller than its contemporaries
- Requires very close range to use
History
Developed in 1904, the name Bliss-Leavitt combines the last name of its inventor, Frank McDowell Leavitt, with that of his employer, the E. W. Bliss Co. The Mk.1 was propelled by a single-stage vertical turbine engine, and powered by an alcohol-fired dry heater tied to a 2,250 psi air flask. The original development models of the torpedo ran cold - that is they fed compressed air into the engine without the use of any heating mechanisms. Once the torpedo went into production, however, a "combustion pot" or "superheater" was added between the air flask and engine. By heating the air prior to its introduction to the engine's combustion chamber, higher efficiency was achieved. This allowed the production version to sustain travel at 27 knots (50 km/h) for 4,000 yards (3,660 m), far surpassing the range of the preceding Whitehead torpedoes.
However, the Mk.1 variants suffered from stability issues due to its vertical compression turbine being tied to a single four-bladed propeller. The torque of the engine would often cause the torpedo to roll off course, an issue which was corrected in subsequent versions of the Bliss-Leavitt which used a two-stage engine with contra-rotating propellers.
As was often the case with torpedoes around this time, the Bliss-Leavitt Mk.1 carried wet gun cotton (nitrocellulose) and a percussion detonator, opting for a payload of 200 lbs (90 kg).
Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.
See also
External links
- OP353W - A Brief History of U.S. Navy Torpedo Development (1978)
- http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_PreWWII.php#Bliss-Leavitt_21%22_%2853.3_cm%29_Mark_1
- https://maritime.org/doc/jolie/part1.php#page022
