Difference between revisions of "2S6"

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{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_zprk_2s6}}
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{{Specs-Card
 +
|code=ussr_zprk_2s6
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|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
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}}
  
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
−
''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.''
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<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
 +
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' [Зенитный ракетно-пушечный комплекс](GRAU: 2K22; NATO codename: SA-19 "Grison") is one of the composition of Soviet and Russia's field air-defense system as the direct replacement of ZSU-23-4 which was not capable to handle late-Cold War attackers (both fixed-wing and helicopters). As the conclusion that larger calibre autocannon can achieve higher kill probability against jets, Soviet Army also seek for a combined system with missile onboard as well; although the development started as early as 1970, due to the introduction of new missile systems with better range, the development was slowed down until the conclusion from Arab-Israeli War was drawn that gun systems have better reaction time than sole-missile systems (due to the warm-up process of both radar and missiles). Eventually the joint efforts of different Soviet designers was fruited in 1982 as the 2K22 (while the mobile battery itself is named 2S6) and eventually joined the Army in 1984 as another composition of the short-range defense layer alongside with ZSU-23-4, SA-10 Strela-10M2 and SA-8 Osa. The vehicle also received upgrades during its production and likely inspired later systems like [[Pantsir-S1|96K6 Pantsir-S1]] with more advanced electronics and missile system.
 +
 
 +
Introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] as the newcomer of Soviet tech-tree, 2S6 not only has twin double-barrel, Gast principle 30 mm autocannons to swat aerial targets or hunting down ground vehicles showing their sides, it also has eight 9M311 missiles at its disposal to finish off long-range or high-altitude targets before they can do extensive damage to teammates. Although players will have to get used to the fixed optical channel with high magnification and its rather large size, players can certainly enjoy devastating enemies with such firepower while clearing the skies for allies to deliver supports.
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
 
=== Survivability and armour ===
−
The ZPRK 2S6 armor consists of 9 mm rolled homogeneous plates for the hull and turret. Although mostly flat surfaces, it's armor can be angled to provide an average of 30mm of effective thickness which can protect against .50 cal machine guns in most places of the hull. The turret is extremely vulnerable to all types of fire at any angle.  
+
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
 +
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' -->
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
 +
|-
 +
| Hull || 9 mm || 9 mm ''Top'' <br> 9 mm ''Bottom'' || 9 mm || 9 mm
 +
|-
 +
| Turret || 9 - 15 mm ''Turret front'' <br> 10 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 9 - 8 mm || 9 mm || 9 mm
 +
|-
 +
| Cupola || 9 mm || 9 mm || 9 mm || 9 mm
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
'''Notes:''' <!-- Any additional notes which the user needs to be aware of -->
 +
<!-- Example: * Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 30 mm thick, and torsion bars are 60 mm thick. -->
  
−
The crew consists a commander, gunner, loader, and driver. Three out of the four crew members are situated in the turret sitting right next to each other. This makes the ZPRK 2S6 extremely prone to one shot deaths by "crew knocked out" if hit in the turret.
+
The ZPRK 2S6 armour consists of 9 mm rolled homogeneous plates for the hull and turret. Although mostly flat surfaces, its armour can be angled to provide an average of 30mm of effective thickness which can protect against .50 cal machine guns in most places of the hull. The turret is extremely vulnerable to all types of fire at any angle.
 +
 
 +
The crew consists of a commander, gunner, loader, and driver. Three out of the four crew members are situated in the turret sitting right next to each other. This makes the ZPRK 2S6 extremely prone to destroyed by "crew knocked out" if hit in the turret.
  
 
=== Mobility ===
 
=== Mobility ===
−
The ZPRK 2S6 provides good mobility with it's 628 horsepower ChtZ V-46-2s1 engine allowing for a max speed of 65km/h in ideal conditions. Under realistic testing conditions it tops around 37 km/h in flat grassy areas. This is the same with it's reverse speed.
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{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}
 +
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' -->
 +
 
 +
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,008|rbMinHp=628}}
 +
 
 +
The {{PAGENAME}} provides good mobility with its 710 horsepower ChTZ V-46-2s1 engine allowing for a max speed of 65 km/h in ideal conditions. Under realistic testing conditions it tops around 37 km/h in flat grassy areas. This is the same with its reverse speed.
 +
 
 +
=== Modifications and economy ===
 +
{{Specs-Economy}}
 +
 
 +
The module 2S6M1 unlockable after the module NVD will switch NVD in the gun sight with Thermal gun sight, this makes it better to be able to spot enemy aircraft at longer ranges.
  
 
== Armaments ==
 
== Armaments ==
 +
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
 
=== Main armament ===
 
=== Main armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
 +
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}
 +
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' -->
 +
{{main|2A38 (30 mm)|l1=2A38/2A38M1 (30 mm)}}
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="6" | [[2A38 (30 mm)|30 mm 2A38/2A38M1]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
 +
|-
 +
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
 +
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
 +
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
 +
|-
 +
! ''Arcade''
 +
| rowspan="2" | 1,936 (484) || rowspan="2" | 1,250 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 70.4 || 97.5 || 118.4 || 130.9 || 139.3 || rowspan="2" | 5.20 || rowspan="2" | 4.60 || rowspan="2" | 4.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
 +
|-
 +
! ''Realistic''
 +
| 47.6 || 56.0 || 68.0 || 75.2 || 80.0
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
==== Ammunition ====
 +
 +
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}
 +
* '''30 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
 +
* '''30 mm APT:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}
  
−
* 30mm 2A38 automatic cannons (2000 rpm) x 1936
+
{{:2A38 (30 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-I*, AP-T, HEF-T*}}
−
** Belts <small>(SD = Self Destroying)</small>
+
 
−
*** Default-  HEF-I<small>(SD)</small>/AP-T/HEF-I<small>(SD)</small>/AP-T
+
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
−
*** 30mm HE - HEF-I<small>(SD)</small>/HEF-T<small>(SD)</small>/HEF-I<small>(SD)</small>/AP-T
+
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
−
*** 30mm APT - AP-T/AP-T/AP-T/ HEF-I<small>(SD)</small>
+
<!-- '''Last updated:''' -->
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
! Full<br>ammo
 +
! 1st<br>rack empty
 +
! Visual<br>discrepancy
 +
|-
 +
| '''1''' || 0&nbsp;''(+1)'' || No
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
 
=== Additional armament ===
 
=== Additional armament ===
 +
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
 +
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
 +
<!-- ''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.'' -->
 +
{{main|9M311|9M311-1M}}
  
−
* 9M311 "<s>Anti-Tank</s> Guided Missile" x 8
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
−
** 76mm
+
|-
−
** 910 m/s (2985 ft/s)
+
! colspan="4" | [[9M311]] or [[9M311-1M]] missile
−
** 42kg (3kg Explosive mass/ TNT eq: 5.1kg)
+
|-
−
** 41mm armor penetration
+
! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
 +
|-
 +
| 8 || 0°/+85° || N/A || N/A
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==== Ammunition ====
 +
{{:9M311/Ammunition|9M311}}
 +
{{:9M311-1M/Ammunition|9M311-1M}}
 +
 
 +
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
 +
<!-- [[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]] -->
 +
<!-- '''Last updated:''' -->
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
|-
 +
! Full<br>ammo
 +
! 1st<br>rack empty
 +
! 2nd<br>rack empty
 +
! 3rd<br>rack empty
 +
! 4th<br>rack empty
 +
! 5th<br>rack empty
 +
! 6th<br>rack empty
 +
! Visual<br>discrepancy
 +
|-
 +
| '''8''' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __&nbsp;''(+__)'' || __
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
=== Radars ===
 +
{{main|1RL144}}
 +
The ZPRK 2S6 Tunguska is equipped with a 1RL144 search and separate tracking radar; with the search radar mounted on top of the turret at the rear and the tracking radar located at the front of the the turret. The radar system is capable of tracking a target while scanning, but can only track targets within a 180° arc from the front of the turret.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 +
! colspan="5" | 1RL144 - Target Detection Radar
 +
|-
 +
! {{Annotation|Maximum<br/>Detection<br/>Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>Detection<br/>Range|The range, below which, a target cannot be detected}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth<br/>Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation<br/>Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>relative speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be detectable by the radar}}
 +
|-
 +
| 20,000 m || 500 m || 360° ||­ 15° || 10 m/s (36 km/h)
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="5" | 1RL144 - Target Tracking Radar
 +
|-
 +
! {{Annotation|Maximum<br/>Tracking<br/>Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>Tracking<br/>Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking<br/>Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking<br/>Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
 +
! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>target speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be tracked by the radar}}
 +
|-
 +
| 16,000 m || 75 m || ±90° || -15°/+87° || 15 m/s (54 km/h)
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
−
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''
+
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
 +
 
 +
The ZPRK 2S6 Tunguska can excel in many different ways. Traditionally it can take down aircraft with ease no matter how far or how close they may be with its excellent combined power of the very fast firing quad 30 mm autocannons and the highly agile SAMs it has in its disposal. The SAMs are very fast and extremely agile, with the assistance of tracking and enough experience they can be almost virtually impossible to evade, even by the fastest and most agile aircraft. Each of the eight missiles is mounted on its own launch tube, which means you can launch one after the other without waiting for another one to reload, such as in systems like the Roland 1 and FlaRakRad. They also have a long range of 8 km stock, and 10 km with the 2S6M1 modification installed, which is enough to hit any helicopters hovering at the edge of their Air-to-Ground missile ranges. However, some vehicles can prove very challenging to take down, particularly those equipped with radar warning and missile alert systems, as they can quickly take evasive actions or hide behind terrain to prevent them from being hit.
 +
 
 +
If needed, the Tunguska can be an excellent flanking or support vehicle by ripping apart enemy gun barrels or tracks which would disable them for your allies to finish off. Of course with the AP-T belt, the Tunguska can rip apart enemy tanks/MBTs from the side or rear with relatively good shrapnel (for a 30 mm) and range (as it is an AP-T belt). This makes the Tunguska very versatile in combat despite being labelled as an SPAAG. However, it's best to keep in mind that you have very little armour and you are a relatively large target which means you are very fragile in direct combat/brawls especially with artillery around you. So being careful and selective of how you should play during a specific time is essential.
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 +
<!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' -->
 +
 
'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
  
−
* Excellent armaments
+
* Exceptional mobility for a Soviet Vehicle
−
* Fantastic Radar coverage
+
** 569A transmission enables for neutral steering and reversed gearbox
−
* Defensible against light tanks, possibly against heavier ones with it's missiles.
+
** 65 km/h top speed, can keep up with the main forces
−
* Fantastic reverse speed.
+
* Devastating firepower
−
 
+
** Twin dual-barrel 2A38 30 mm autocannon for maximum firepower against intended targets
−
*
+
** Eight 9M311 series missiles for long-range interception
 +
** Generous ammo count
 +
* Sufficient FCS for its tier
 +
** Fast turret traverse for changing targets swiftly
 +
** 20 km search and track radar for early warning
 +
** Opto-electronic tracker for low-altitude stationary targets
 +
** 2S6M upgrade brings in TVD camera for the gunner channel
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
  
−
* Virtually no armor
+
* Easily recognizable from both the firing sound and abundance of tracers
−
* High profile
+
* Armor only rated for rifle-calibre weapons
−
* Poor crew placement
+
* Rather large size for a gun-missile combined system
−
 
+
* 9M331 series have rather low overload at its tier for maneuvering targets
−
*
+
* Somewhat outdated FCS
 +
** Lacks rangefinder and leading indicator for the opto-electronic tracker
 +
** Lacks missile leading modes
 +
** Fixed 8x optic channel making close-range combats difficult
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
−
<!--''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's devblog entry (if applicable) and the ingame encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''-->
+
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 
Although the ZSU-23-4 Shilka had successfully proven its capabilities in the numerous conflicts it took part in, its shortcomings were ever increasingly coming to light as well. While faster and more capable aircraft and helicopters were being developed, the Shilka was quickly becoming obsolete, with its very short engagement range and radar detection limiting its AA capabilities greatly.
 
Although the ZSU-23-4 Shilka had successfully proven its capabilities in the numerous conflicts it took part in, its shortcomings were ever increasingly coming to light as well. While faster and more capable aircraft and helicopters were being developed, the Shilka was quickly becoming obsolete, with its very short engagement range and radar detection limiting its AA capabilities greatly.
  
−
Thus, in 1970, Soviet engineers began developing a replacement for the venerable Shilka. The new vehicle, codenamed “Tunguska”, was designed with a pair of 30mm autocannons coupled to advanced tracking and targeting systems. In addition, the decision was made to also install surface-to-air guided missiles, as the targeting systems for both cannons and missiles turned out to be conveniently very similar, and was expected to greatly bolster the capabilities of the Tunguska.
+
Thus, in 1970, Soviet engineers began developing a replacement for the venerable Shilka. The new vehicle, codenamed "Tunguska", was designed with a pair of 30 mm autocannons coupled to advanced tracking and targeting systems. In addition, the decision was made to also install surface-to-air guided missiles, as the targeting systems for both cannons and missiles turned out to be conveniently very similar, and was expected to greatly bolster the capabilities of the Tunguska.
  
−
By 1973, the Tunguska was considered ready. In the mid ‘70s, however, with the introduction of a Soviet mobile missile-only AA unit, which performed a similar role as the Tunguska, further development and production of the Tunguska was put in question. In the end, realizing the greater flexibility and potential of the Tunguska design, further development and production was approved.
+
By 1973, the Tunguska was considered ready. In the mid '70s, however, with the introduction of a Soviet mobile missile-only AA unit, which performed a similar role as the Tunguska, further development and production of the Tunguska was put in question. In the end, realizing the greater flexibility and potential of the Tunguska design, further development and production was approved.
  
 
A pre-production batch left the factory floor in 1976 for army trials. After a long series of tests, the Tunguska was officially commissioned into service with the Soviet Army in September 1982. The vehicle was continuously being improved upon, with subsequent newer variants being developed during the 1990s and 2000s.
 
A pre-production batch left the factory floor in 1976 for army trials. After a long series of tests, the Tunguska was officially commissioned into service with the Soviet Army in September 1982. The vehicle was continuously being improved upon, with subsequent newer variants being developed during the 1990s and 2000s.
  
−
The Tunguska served initially with the Soviet armed forces, although it was passed on to the militaries of the Soviet Union’s successor states after its collapse in the late 1980s. Thus, modernized versions of the Tunguska continue to serve with the Russian armed forces today as well as the armies of Belarus and Ukraine. The Tunguska also sees service with other nations around the world, such as Yemen, India, Morocco and some others.
+
The Tunguska served initially with the Soviet armed forces, although it was passed on to the militaries of the Soviet Union's successor states after its collapse in the late 1980s. Thus, modernized versions of the Tunguska continue to serve with the Russian armed forces today as well as the armies of Belarus and Ukraine. The Tunguska also sees service with other nations around the world, such as Yemen, India, Morocco and some others.
  
−
''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6070-development-2s6-tunguska-better-together-en Devblog]''
+
''- From [[wt:en/news/6070-development-2s6-tunguska-better-together-en|Devblog]]''
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
−
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''
+
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
 +
 
 +
;Skins
 +
 
 +
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_zprk_2s6 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
 +
 
 +
;Videos
 +
{{Youtube-gallery|luvhoX8Ht1I|'''New anti-air defence'''  discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 8:42  - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
−
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
+
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 +
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
 +
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' -->
 +
 
 +
"ZPRK" (Anti-Aircraft Gun and Missile Complex) from other tech trees
  
−
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
+
* [[XM1069]] (ADATS) - an experimental vehicle based on M3 chassis with MIM-146 dual-purpose missile
−
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
+
* [[Pantsir-S1]] - the new generation, ZPRK of Russian Army with extensive upgrades with solutions to-be upgraded from chassis of 2S6
 +
* [[PGZ04A]] - PLAGF's SPAA of late-1990s with upgrades from 2004
 +
* [[SIDAM 25 (Mistral)]] - Italian's solution without search radar
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
−
<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
+
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
−
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
+
* ''other literature.'' -->
−
* ''other literature.''-->
 
  
−
* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6070-development-2s6-tunguska-better-together-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> 2S6 Tunguska: Better Together]
+
* [[wt:en/news/6070-development-2s6-tunguska-better-together-en|[Devblog] 2S6 Tunguska: Better Together]]
  
 
{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}
 
{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Latest revision as of 16:38, 3 December 2023

2S6
ussr_zprk_2s6.png
GarageImage 2S6.jpg
2S6
USSR flag.png USSR
VII Rank
Battle rating:
AB RB SB
10.7 10.7 10.7
Class:
Research:350 000 Specs-Card-Exp.png
Purchase:950 000 Specs-Card-Lion.png

Description

The SPAA 2S6 "Tunguska" [Зенитный ракетно-пушечный комплекс](GRAU: 2K22; NATO codename: SA-19 "Grison") is one of the composition of Soviet and Russia's field air-defense system as the direct replacement of ZSU-23-4 which was not capable to handle late-Cold War attackers (both fixed-wing and helicopters). As the conclusion that larger calibre autocannon can achieve higher kill probability against jets, Soviet Army also seek for a combined system with missile onboard as well; although the development started as early as 1970, due to the introduction of new missile systems with better range, the development was slowed down until the conclusion from Arab-Israeli War was drawn that gun systems have better reaction time than sole-missile systems (due to the warm-up process of both radar and missiles). Eventually the joint efforts of different Soviet designers was fruited in 1982 as the 2K22 (while the mobile battery itself is named 2S6) and eventually joined the Army in 1984 as another composition of the short-range defense layer alongside with ZSU-23-4, SA-10 Strela-10M2 and SA-8 Osa. The vehicle also received upgrades during its production and likely inspired later systems like 96K6 Pantsir-S1 with more advanced electronics and missile system.

Introduced in Update 1.87 "Locked On" as the newcomer of Soviet tech-tree, 2S6 not only has twin double-barrel, Gast principle 30 mm autocannons to swat aerial targets or hunting down ground vehicles showing their sides, it also has eight 9M311 missiles at its disposal to finish off long-range or high-altitude targets before they can do extensive damage to teammates. Although players will have to get used to the fixed optical channel with high magnification and its rather large size, players can certainly enjoy devastating enemies with such firepower while clearing the skies for allies to deliver supports.

General info

Survivability and armour

Armourfront / side / back
Hull9 / 9 / 9
Turret9 / 9 / 9
Crew4 people
Visibility341 %
Armour Front (Slope angle) Sides Rear Roof
Hull 9 mm 9 mm Top
9 mm Bottom 		9 mm 9 mm
Turret 9 - 15 mm Turret front
10 mm Gun mantlet 		9 - 8 mm 9 mm 9 mm
Cupola 9 mm 9 mm 9 mm 9 mm

Notes:

The ZPRK 2S6 armour consists of 9 mm rolled homogeneous plates for the hull and turret. Although mostly flat surfaces, its armour can be angled to provide an average of 30mm of effective thickness which can protect against .50 cal machine guns in most places of the hull. The turret is extremely vulnerable to all types of fire at any angle.

The crew consists of a commander, gunner, loader, and driver. Three out of the four crew members are situated in the turret sitting right next to each other. This makes the ZPRK 2S6 extremely prone to destroyed by "crew knocked out" if hit in the turret.

Mobility

 
Controlled suspension
It is possible to adjust the ground clearance or more complex suspension positions
Reverse gearbox
Forward and backward movement is possible at the same maximum speed
Speedforward / back
AB71 / 71 km/h
RB and SB65 / 65 km/h
Number of gears8 forward
8 back
Weight34.6 t
Engine power
AB1 355 hp
RB and SB710 hp
Power-to-weight ratio
AB39.2 hp/t
RB and SB20.5 hp/t
Game Mode Max Speed (km/h) Weight (tons) Engine power (horsepower) Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Forward Reverse Stock Upgraded Stock Upgraded
Arcade 71 71 34.6 1,008 1,355 29.13 39.16
Realistic 65 65 628 710 18.15 20.52

The 2S6 provides good mobility with its 710 horsepower ChTZ V-46-2s1 engine allowing for a max speed of 65 km/h in ideal conditions. Under realistic testing conditions it tops around 37 km/h in flat grassy areas. This is the same with its reverse speed.

Modifications and economy

Repair costBasic → Reference
AB5 034 → 7 012 Sl icon.png
RB5 491 → 7 648 Sl icon.png
SB6 257 → 8 716 Sl icon.png
Total cost of modifications276 400 Rp icon.png
457 000 Sl icon.png
Talisman cost3 000 Ge icon.png
Crew training270 000 Sl icon.png
Experts950 000 Sl icon.png
Aces2 200 Ge icon.png
Research Aces1 210 000 Rp icon.png
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
160 / 210 / 240 % Sl icon.png
244 / 244 / 244 % Rp icon.png
Modifications
Mobility Protection Firepower
Mods new tank traks.png
Tracks
Research:
15 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
23 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank suspension.png
Suspension
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
260 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank break.png
Brake System
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
260 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank filter.png
Filters
Research:
25 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
39 000 Sl icon.png
500 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank transmission.png
Transmission
Research:
24 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
37 000 Sl icon.png
480 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank engine.png
Engine
Research:
24 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
37 000 Sl icon.png
480 Ge icon.png
Mods tank tool kit.png
Improved Parts
Research:
4 500 Rp icon.png
Cost:
23 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods extinguisher.png
Improved FPE
Research:
3 900 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
260 Ge icon.png
Mods tank reinforcement ussr.png
Crew Replenishment
Research:
25 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
39 000 Sl icon.png
500 Ge icon.png
Mods tank additional armor.png
2S6M1
Research:
24 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
37 000 Sl icon.png
480 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank horizontal aiming.png
Horizontal Drive
Research:
15 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
23 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods tank ammo.png
30mm_2a38_HE_ammo_pack
Research:
15 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
23 000 Sl icon.png
300 Ge icon.png
Mods tank cannon.png
Adjustment of Fire
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
260 Ge icon.png
Mods tank ammo.png
30mm_2a42_AP_ammo_pack
Research:
13 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
20 000 Sl icon.png
260 Ge icon.png
Mods new tank vertical aiming.png
Elevation Mechanism
Research:
25 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
39 000 Sl icon.png
500 Ge icon.png
Mods art support.png
Artillery Support
Research:
24 000 Rp icon.png
Cost:
37 000 Sl icon.png
480 Ge icon.png

The module 2S6M1 unlockable after the module NVD will switch NVD in the gun sight with Thermal gun sight, this makes it better to be able to spot enemy aircraft at longer ranges.

Armaments

Setup 1:30 mm 2A38 automatic cannon
AAM 9M311
Setup 2:30 mm 2A38M1 automatic cannon
AAM 9M311-1M

Main armament

4 x 30 mm 2A38 automatic cannon
Two-plane stabilizer
Reduces the swing of the gun in two planes while moving
Ammunition1 936 rounds
Belt capacity484 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
65.0 → 50.0 s
Fire rate1 251 shots/min
Vertical guidance-9° / 85°
4 x 30 mm 2A38M1 automatic cannon
Two-plane stabilizer
Reduces the swing of the gun in two planes while moving
Ammunition1 936 rounds
Belt capacity484 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
65.0 → 50.0 s
Fire rate1 251 shots/min
Vertical guidance-9° / 85°
Main article: 2A38/2A38M1 (30 mm)
30 mm 2A38/2A38M1 (x4) Turret rotation speed (°/s) Reloading rate (seconds)
Mode Capacity (Belt) Fire rate Vertical Horizontal Stabilizer Stock Upgraded Full Expert Aced Stock Full Expert Aced
Arcade 1,936 (484) 1,250 -9°/+85° ±180° Two-plane 70.4 97.5 118.4 130.9 139.3 5.20 4.60 4.24 4.00
Realistic 47.6 56.0 68.0 75.2 80.0

Ammunition

  • Default: AP-T · HEF-I*
  • 30 mm HE: HEF-I* · HEF-T* · HEF-I* · AP-T
  • 30 mm APT: AP-T · AP-T · AP-T · HEF-I*

Penetration statistics
Ammunition Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
10 m 100 m 500 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 2,000 m
HEF-I* 8 7 6 5 4 3
AP-T 65 63 53 44 36 29
HEF-T* 9 8 7 5 4 3
Shell details
Ammunition Velocity
(m/s) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Fuse delay
(m) 		Fuse sensitivity
(mm) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (g) 		Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
HEF-I* 960 0.39 0.1 0.1 75.46 79° 80° 81°
AP-T 970 0.4 - - - 47° 60° 65°
HEF-T* 960 0.39 0.1 0.1 17.86 79° 80° 81°

Ammo racks

Ammo racks of the 2S6
Full
ammo 		1st
rack empty 		Visual
discrepancy
1 0 (+1) No

Additional armament

AAM 9M311-1M
Ammunition8 rounds
Belt capacity8 rounds
Fire rate120 shots/min
Vertical guidance0° / 85°
Fire on the moveup to 5 km/h
AAM 9M311
Ammunition8 rounds
Belt capacity8 rounds
Fire rate120 shots/min
Vertical guidance0° / 85°
Fire on the moveup to 5 km/h
Main articles: 9M311, 9M311-1M
9M311 or 9M311-1M missile
Capacity Vertical Horizontal Stabilizer
8 0°/+85° N/A N/A

Ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
10 m 100 m 500 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 2,000 m
9M311 SAM 39 39 39 39 39 39
Missile details
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Velocity
(m/s) 		Range
(m) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Fuse delay
(m) 		Fuse sensitivity
(mm) 		Arming
distance (m) 		Trigger
radius (m) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (kg) 		Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
9M311 SAM 910 8,000 41.6 0 0.1 300 5 4.62 79° 80° 81°

Penetration statistics
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
10 m 100 m 500 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 2,000 m
9M311-1M SAM 39 39 39 39 39 39
Missile details
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Velocity
(m/s) 		Range
(m) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Fuse delay
(m) 		Fuse sensitivity
(mm) 		Arming
distance (m) 		Trigger
radius (m) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (kg) 		Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
9M311-1M SAM 910 10,000 41.6 0 0.1 300 5 4.62 79° 80° 81°

Ammo racks

Full
ammo 		1st
rack empty 		2nd
rack empty 		3rd
rack empty 		4th
rack empty 		5th
rack empty 		6th
rack empty 		Visual
discrepancy
8 __ (+__) __ (+__) __ (+__) __ (+__) __ (+__) __ (+__) __

Radars

Main article: 1RL144

The ZPRK 2S6 Tunguska is equipped with a 1RL144 search and separate tracking radar; with the search radar mounted on top of the turret at the rear and the tracking radar located at the front of the the turret. The radar system is capable of tracking a target while scanning, but can only track targets within a 180° arc from the front of the turret.

1RL144 - Target Detection Radar
Maximum
Detection
Range 		Minimum
Detection
Range 		Max Azimuth
Scan Angle 		Max Elevation
Scan Angle 		Minimum
relative speed
20,000 m 500 m 360° ­ 15° 10 m/s (36 km/h)
1RL144 - Target Tracking Radar
Maximum
Tracking
Range 		Minimum
Tracking
Range 		Azimuth Tracking
Angle 		Elevation Tracking
Angle 		Minimum
target speed
16,000 m 75 m ±90° -15°/+87° 15 m/s (54 km/h)

Usage in battles

The ZPRK 2S6 Tunguska can excel in many different ways. Traditionally it can take down aircraft with ease no matter how far or how close they may be with its excellent combined power of the very fast firing quad 30 mm autocannons and the highly agile SAMs it has in its disposal. The SAMs are very fast and extremely agile, with the assistance of tracking and enough experience they can be almost virtually impossible to evade, even by the fastest and most agile aircraft. Each of the eight missiles is mounted on its own launch tube, which means you can launch one after the other without waiting for another one to reload, such as in systems like the Roland 1 and FlaRakRad. They also have a long range of 8 km stock, and 10 km with the 2S6M1 modification installed, which is enough to hit any helicopters hovering at the edge of their Air-to-Ground missile ranges. However, some vehicles can prove very challenging to take down, particularly those equipped with radar warning and missile alert systems, as they can quickly take evasive actions or hide behind terrain to prevent them from being hit.

If needed, the Tunguska can be an excellent flanking or support vehicle by ripping apart enemy gun barrels or tracks which would disable them for your allies to finish off. Of course with the AP-T belt, the Tunguska can rip apart enemy tanks/MBTs from the side or rear with relatively good shrapnel (for a 30 mm) and range (as it is an AP-T belt). This makes the Tunguska very versatile in combat despite being labelled as an SPAAG. However, it's best to keep in mind that you have very little armour and you are a relatively large target which means you are very fragile in direct combat/brawls especially with artillery around you. So being careful and selective of how you should play during a specific time is essential.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Exceptional mobility for a Soviet Vehicle
    • 569A transmission enables for neutral steering and reversed gearbox
    • 65 km/h top speed, can keep up with the main forces
  • Devastating firepower
    • Twin dual-barrel 2A38 30 mm autocannon for maximum firepower against intended targets
    • Eight 9M311 series missiles for long-range interception
    • Generous ammo count
  • Sufficient FCS for its tier
    • Fast turret traverse for changing targets swiftly
    • 20 km search and track radar for early warning
    • Opto-electronic tracker for low-altitude stationary targets
    • 2S6M upgrade brings in TVD camera for the gunner channel

Cons:

  • Easily recognizable from both the firing sound and abundance of tracers
  • Armor only rated for rifle-calibre weapons
  • Rather large size for a gun-missile combined system
  • 9M331 series have rather low overload at its tier for maneuvering targets
  • Somewhat outdated FCS
    • Lacks rangefinder and leading indicator for the opto-electronic tracker
    • Lacks missile leading modes
    • Fixed 8x optic channel making close-range combats difficult

History

Although the ZSU-23-4 Shilka had successfully proven its capabilities in the numerous conflicts it took part in, its shortcomings were ever increasingly coming to light as well. While faster and more capable aircraft and helicopters were being developed, the Shilka was quickly becoming obsolete, with its very short engagement range and radar detection limiting its AA capabilities greatly.

Thus, in 1970, Soviet engineers began developing a replacement for the venerable Shilka. The new vehicle, codenamed "Tunguska", was designed with a pair of 30 mm autocannons coupled to advanced tracking and targeting systems. In addition, the decision was made to also install surface-to-air guided missiles, as the targeting systems for both cannons and missiles turned out to be conveniently very similar, and was expected to greatly bolster the capabilities of the Tunguska.

By 1973, the Tunguska was considered ready. In the mid '70s, however, with the introduction of a Soviet mobile missile-only AA unit, which performed a similar role as the Tunguska, further development and production of the Tunguska was put in question. In the end, realizing the greater flexibility and potential of the Tunguska design, further development and production was approved.

A pre-production batch left the factory floor in 1976 for army trials. After a long series of tests, the Tunguska was officially commissioned into service with the Soviet Army in September 1982. The vehicle was continuously being improved upon, with subsequent newer variants being developed during the 1990s and 2000s.

The Tunguska served initially with the Soviet armed forces, although it was passed on to the militaries of the Soviet Union's successor states after its collapse in the late 1980s. Thus, modernized versions of the Tunguska continue to serve with the Russian armed forces today as well as the armies of Belarus and Ukraine. The Tunguska also sees service with other nations around the world, such as Yemen, India, Morocco and some others.

- From Devblog

Media

Skins
Videos
New anti-air defence discusses the 2S6 at 8:42 - War Thunder Official Channel

See also

"ZPRK" (Anti-Aircraft Gun and Missile Complex) from other tech trees

  • XM1069 (ADATS) - an experimental vehicle based on M3 chassis with MIM-146 dual-purpose missile
  • Pantsir-S1 - the new generation, ZPRK of Russian Army with extensive upgrades with solutions to-be upgraded from chassis of 2S6
  • PGZ04A - PLAGF's SPAA of late-1990s with upgrades from 2004
  • SIDAM 25 (Mistral) - Italian's solution without search radar

External links


USSR anti-aircraft vehicles
GAZ-AAA  GAZ-AAA (4M) · GAZ-AAA (DShK)
BTR-152  BTR-152A · BTR-152D
Wheeled/Half-tracked  GAZ-MM (72-K) · ZiS-12 (94-KM) · ZiS-43
Radar SPAAG  ZSU-23-4 · ZSU-37-2
SAM  ZSU-23-4M4 · Strela-10M2 · 2S6 · Pantsir-S1
Other  ZSU-23-4M2 · ZUT-37 · ZSU-37 · BTR-ZD · ZSU-57-2
Czechoslovakia  M53/59
North Vietnam  ▂Phòng không T-34

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