Difference between revisions of "M195 (20 mm)"
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<!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' --> | <!-- ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.'' --> | ||
| − | The 20 mm M195 was created as a shortened version of the M61 Vulcan specifically to be used on the AH-1G to give it a longer ranged option for enemy suppression. | + | The '''20 mm M195''' is an American rotary cannon seen on the AH-1G attack helicopter. It was created as a shortened version of the M61 Vulcan specifically to be used on the AH-1G to give it a longer ranged gun option for enemy suppression. |
=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon === | === Vehicles equipped with this weapon === | ||
<!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' --> | <!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' --> | ||
| − | * {{Specs-Link|ah_1g}} (Suspended) | + | * {{Specs-Link|ah_1g}} (Suspended) |
| + | * {{Specs-Link|ah_1g_iaf}} (Suspended) | ||
== General info == | == General info == | ||
<!-- ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.'' --> | <!-- ''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.'' --> | ||
| − | The 20 mm M195 has a magazine of 950 rounds and fires at a rate of 750 to 800 rpm. | + | The 20 mm M195 cannon has a magazine of 950 rounds and fires at a rate of 750 to 800 rpm. |
| − | === Available ammunition=== | + | === Available ammunition === |
| − | ''Describe the shells that are available for the | + | <!-- ''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).'' --> |
| + | * '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} | ||
| + | * '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} | ||
| + | * '''Armoured targets:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|HEF-I, API-T}} | ||
=== Comparison with analogues === | === Comparison with analogues === | ||
| − | <!-- ''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns | + | <!-- ''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.'' --> |
| − | + | Compared to the 3-barreled [[M197 (20 mm)|20 mm M197]] cannon equipped on the AH-1F and AH-1Z, the M195 boasts a better resistance to overheating. | |
== Usage in battles == | == Usage in battles == | ||
| − | <!-- ''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against | + | <!-- ''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.'' --> |
| − | The 20 mm cannon is mounted under the left pylon wing, and can't rotate like the nose-mounted miniguns. The cannon can be used up to 2 km, exceeding the effective range of the 7.62 mm M134 minigun (1.5 km). | + | The 20 mm cannon is mounted under the left pylon wing, and can't rotate like the nose-mounted miniguns. The cannon can be used up to 2 km, exceeding the effective range of the 7.62 mm M134 minigun (1.5 km). |
=== Pros and cons === | === Pros and cons === | ||
| − | <!-- '' | + | <!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.'' --> |
'''Pros:''' | '''Pros:''' | ||
| Line 39: | Line 45: | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
| − | ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of | + | <!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' --> |
| + | [[File:AH-1 M35 System Front View.jpg|x200px|left|thumb|none|A front view of the M195 in the M35 armament system.]] | ||
| + | In late 1969, six General Electric M35 armament system was made available to AH-1 Cobra units in Vietnam.<ref name="PeoplesAH1Variant">Peoples 1988, 9</ref> The M35 armament system consisted of the '''20 mm M195''' rotary cannon, which was a modified [[M61A1 (20 mm)|M61A1 Vulcan]] rotary cannon with cut down barrels, a declutching feed, and ability to clear itself of live rounds after firing. The Vulcan cannon, which normally could reach rates of fire of 4,000-6,000 rounds per minute (RPM) in fighter jet mounts, was reduced to 750-800 RPM in the M195 to make the recoil manageable on a helicopter. However, the recoil was noted to still heavily vibrate the helicopter when firing.<ref name="CentaursVietnam">Peake et al. 2020</ref> | ||
| + | [[File:AH-1G Cobra 20mmM195 M35System.jpg|x200px|right|thumb|none|A AH-1G Cobra with a 20 mm M195 installed in the wing. Note the protruding fuselage area at the wing base area containing the ammunition box.]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | The M35 armament system was mounted on the inboard port wing of the AH-1 Cobra. The system could hold up to 950 rounds of 20 mm ammunition, which was stored in two ammunition box affixed and faired into both sides of the Cobra's fuselage.<ref name="M195_FAS">Pike et al. 1999</ref> A modification that needed to be done with the M35 installation was the addition of extra metal plates on the fuselage besides the M195's muzzle as the muzzle blast could damage the helicopter's internal components.<ref name="CentaursVietnam"/> Controls were available for either the pilot or gunner to fire the M195,<ref name="M195_FAS"/> which was aimed by the Cobra's M73 reflex sight.<ref name="USArmyILSC">Integrated Logistics Support Center 2005</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The weapon system was considered a successful addition to the Cobra's firepower, enabling pilots to engage anti-aircraft positions from a range farther than the installed [[M134 Minigun (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Minigun]].<ref name="PeoplesAH1Variant"/><ref name="CentaursVietnam"/> The M195 was type classified as Standard B with the US Army ordering several hundreds. More then 377 units were produced.<ref name="M195_FAS"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | A version of the 20 mm M61 Vulcan would be installed into later versions of the AH-1 as the [[M197 (20 mm)|20 mm M197]] in the M97 universal turret beginning in 1978.<ref name="PeoplesAH1M197">Peoples 1988, 14</ref> | ||
== Media == | == Media == | ||
| − | <!-- '' | + | <!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --> |
;Images | ;Images | ||
| − | <gallery mode="packed-hover" | + | <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200"> |
| − | Image:20mm m195.png| | + | Image:20mm m195.png|20 mm mounted on pylon |
| + | Image:AH-1Cobra 20mmM195 M35System SideView.jpg|A M35 armament system installed into the port wing of a AH-1 Cobra. This one is missing the muzzle ring. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| Line 62: | Line 78: | ||
* ''topic on the official game forum;'' | * ''topic on the official game forum;'' | ||
* ''other literature.'' --> | * ''other literature.'' --> | ||
| + | * [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/m195.htm <nowiki>[Federation of American Scientists]</nowiki> Military Analysis Network - M195 20mm Automatic Gun] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===References=== | ||
| + | ;Citations: | ||
| + | <references /> | ||
| − | * [https:// | + | ;Bibliography: |
| + | * Integrated Logistics Support Center. 2005. "U.S. ARMY HELICOPTER WEAPON SYSTEMS (Page 1 of 2)". U.S. Army, TACOM Life Cycle Management Command | ||
| + | Integrated Logistics Support Center (ILSC). Last modified October 05, 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100205084055/http://tri.army.mil/lc/CS/csa/aahist2.htm Archived website]. | ||
| + | * Peake, Michael and Lin Riniker. 2020. "20mm Automatic Cannon - M195." Centaurs in Vietnam. Last modified September 2020. [https://www.centaursinvietnam.org/History/ihistoryEqOrd20mm.html Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220108151425/https://www.centaursinvietnam.org/History/ihistoryEqOrd20mm.html Archive]). | ||
| + | * Peoples, Kenneth. 1988. ''Aerofax Datagraph 4: Bell AH-1 Cobra Variants''. Arlington, TX: Aerofax, Inc. | ||
| + | * Pike, John and Robert Serman. 1999. "M195 20mm Automatic Gun." FAS Military Analysis Network. Last modified January 09, 1999. [https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/m195.htm Website] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220108151410/https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/m195.htm Archive]) | ||
{{USA aircraft cannons}} | {{USA aircraft cannons}} | ||
| + | {{Israel aircraft cannons}} | ||
| + | |||
[[Category:Aircraft cannons]] | [[Category:Aircraft cannons]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:46, 4 July 2023
Contents
Description
The 20 mm M195 is an American rotary cannon seen on the AH-1G attack helicopter. It was created as a shortened version of the M61 Vulcan specifically to be used on the AH-1G to give it a longer ranged gun option for enemy suppression.
Vehicles equipped with this weapon
General info
The 20 mm M195 cannon has a magazine of 950 rounds and fires at a rate of 750 to 800 rpm.
Available ammunition
- Default: API-T · HEF-I · API-T
- Air targets: HEF-I · HEF-I · HEF-I · API-T
- Armoured targets: API-T · API-T · API-T · HEF-I
| Penetration statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm) | ||||||
| 10 m | 100 m | 500 m | 1,000 m | 1,500 m | 2,000 m | ||
| HEF-I | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| API-T | 40 | 36 | 22 | 12 | 6 | 3 | |
| Shell details | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Velocity (m/s) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (m) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g) |
Ricochet | ||||||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||||
| HEF-I | 1,030 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 16 | 79° | 80° | 81° | ||||
| API-T | 1,030 | 0.1 | - | - | - | 47° | 60° | 65° | ||||
Comparison with analogues
Compared to the 3-barreled 20 mm M197 cannon equipped on the AH-1F and AH-1Z, the M195 boasts a better resistance to overheating.
Usage in battles
The 20 mm cannon is mounted under the left pylon wing, and can't rotate like the nose-mounted miniguns. The cannon can be used up to 2 km, exceeding the effective range of the 7.62 mm M134 minigun (1.5 km).
Pros and cons
Pros:
- Having no tracers in the belt allows to keep your position hidden
Cons:
- Cannon mounted under the left pylon wing, can't rotate like nose-mounted miniguns
History
In late 1969, six General Electric M35 armament system was made available to AH-1 Cobra units in Vietnam.[1] The M35 armament system consisted of the 20 mm M195 rotary cannon, which was a modified M61A1 Vulcan rotary cannon with cut down barrels, a declutching feed, and ability to clear itself of live rounds after firing. The Vulcan cannon, which normally could reach rates of fire of 4,000-6,000 rounds per minute (RPM) in fighter jet mounts, was reduced to 750-800 RPM in the M195 to make the recoil manageable on a helicopter. However, the recoil was noted to still heavily vibrate the helicopter when firing.[2]
The M35 armament system was mounted on the inboard port wing of the AH-1 Cobra. The system could hold up to 950 rounds of 20 mm ammunition, which was stored in two ammunition box affixed and faired into both sides of the Cobra's fuselage.[3] A modification that needed to be done with the M35 installation was the addition of extra metal plates on the fuselage besides the M195's muzzle as the muzzle blast could damage the helicopter's internal components.[2] Controls were available for either the pilot or gunner to fire the M195,[3] which was aimed by the Cobra's M73 reflex sight.[4]
The weapon system was considered a successful addition to the Cobra's firepower, enabling pilots to engage anti-aircraft positions from a range farther than the installed 7.62 mm Minigun.[1][2] The M195 was type classified as Standard B with the US Army ordering several hundreds. More then 377 units were produced.[3]
A version of the 20 mm M61 Vulcan would be installed into later versions of the AH-1 as the 20 mm M197 in the M97 universal turret beginning in 1978.[5]
Media
- Images
20 mm mounted on pylon
A M35 armament system installed into the port wing of a AH-1 Cobra. This one is missing the muzzle ring.
See also
External links
References
- Citations
- Bibliography
- Integrated Logistics Support Center. 2005. "U.S. ARMY HELICOPTER WEAPON SYSTEMS (Page 1 of 2)". U.S. Army, TACOM Life Cycle Management Command
Integrated Logistics Support Center (ILSC). Last modified October 05, 2005. Archived website.
- Peake, Michael and Lin Riniker. 2020. "20mm Automatic Cannon - M195." Centaurs in Vietnam. Last modified September 2020. Website (Archive).
- Peoples, Kenneth. 1988. Aerofax Datagraph 4: Bell AH-1 Cobra Variants. Arlington, TX: Aerofax, Inc.
- Pike, John and Robert Serman. 1999. "M195 20mm Automatic Gun." FAS Military Analysis Network. Last modified January 09, 1999. Website (Archive)
| USA aircraft cannons | |
|---|---|
| 20 mm | AN/M2 · Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 0 · Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 3 · FMC T-160 |
| M3 · M24A1 · M39 · M39A1 · M39A2 · M39A3 · M61A1 · M195 · M197 · Mk 11 · Mk 11 mod 5 · T31 | |
| 30 mm | M230E-1 · XM140 · GAU-8/A · GAU-13/A · LR30 |
| 37 mm | M4 · M9 · M10 |
| 40 mm | M75 · M129 |
| 75 mm | M10 · T13E1 |
| Foreign: | |
| 20 mm | Hispano 404 (France) · Hispano Mk.II (Britain) · MG 151 (Germany) · Type 99 Model 1 (Japan) |
| 30 mm | ADEN Mk.4 (Britain) |
| Israel aircraft cannons | |
|---|---|
| 20 mm | GIAT M.621 (France) · Hispano Mk.II (Britain) · Hispano Mk.V (Britain) · M50 (France) · M61A1 (USA) · M195 (USA) · M197 (USA) · MG 151 (Germany) · Mk 11 mod 5 (USA) |
| 30 mm | DEFA 551 (France) · DEFA 552 (France) · DEFA 552A (France) · DEFA 553 (France) · M230E-1 (USA) |
| 40 mm | M129 (USA) |
