Difference between pages "Type 94" and "Type 93"

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(Updated the page some to more accurately reflect the Type 93 in modern War Thunder)
 
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{{About
 +
| about = Japanese SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
 +
| usage = other uses
 +
| link = Type 93 (Disambiguation)
 +
}}
 
{{Specs-Card
 
{{Specs-Card
−
|code=jp_type_94
+
|code=jp_type_93
−
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
+
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
 
}}
 
}}
  
 
== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
 
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
−
[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
+
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a SAM system carrying Type 91 SAM missiles on a BXD10 (Toyota Mega Cruiser), built to replace the [[Oerlikon KDA (35 mm)]] emplacements and [[Type 87]] SPAAG carrying the same guns. Being built on a jeep it allows Japanese anti-air crews to use it as a very rapid response vehicle against aerial threats.
−
{{Break}}
 
−
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicle {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]] along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces tree.
 
  
−
As with any truck AA, this vehicle is fragile and should not be taken near the frontline, even though it is potent as a frontline automatic anti-tank gun.
+
It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]]. Easily capable to reach its top speed, it can get behind the enemy lines and protect the battlefield from any incoming air threats. This is best done by evading any kind of ground engagement while closing the gap on air spawns since the Type 93 lacks any kind of radar and can only fired once an aircraft is locked, making it almost impossible to combat any ground target. It does, however, double as a great scouting vehicle, equipping thermal sights, a small profile, and fast maneuverability.
−
 
 
−
As a truck chassis, with only 3 crew members, this vehicle has no survivability. Only one thing may save this truck in some situations: cabin's back is 15 mm thick, this can block MG fire. The vehicle has six wheels and a good HP ratio, very fast on road but bad off road; overall with a good reverse speed. Overall, the Type 94 is a gun platform. With 20 bullets, 45 mm of max penetration, a good traverse speed and reload rate, this gun will shred planes and light targets alike. Plus, the same gun is mounted on the two next Japanese SPAAs, offering a good introduction to this main weapon.
 
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
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{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
 
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
 
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' -->
−
'''Armour type:'''
 
  
−
* Structural steel
+
Armour protection on this vehicle is near non-existent, but the idea of "no armour is best armour" holds up true here. The armour is only suitable for stopping small arms fire as the vehicle is designed to be hidden away from the front lines. The hull armour is 5 mm thick all around, slightly more armour is offered on the wheels, chassis and the turret at around 10 mm. However there is a lot of empty space in this vehicle that means you can get lucky and avoid an otherwise critical hit.
−
* Wood
+
 
 +
This lack of armour allows this vehicle to obtain some of the fastest speeds in game on flat roads and a more than adequate speed off-road.
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
+
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Driver's cabin || 1 mm || 15 mm || 15 + 5 mm || N/A
+
| Hull || 5 mm || 5 mm ''Top'' <br>5 mm ''Bottom'' || 5 mm || 5 mm
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Truck bed || N/A || N/A || N/A || 15 mm
+
| Turret || 10  mm ''Turret front'' <br>10 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 10 mm || 10 mm || 10 mm
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
'''Notes:'''
 
−
 
−
* Wheels provide 2 mm thickness each.
 
−
* Gunner is extremely exposed, with the only meaningful armour being below the crew member.
 
  
 
=== Mobility ===
 
=== Mobility ===
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<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' -->
  
−
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=97|rbMinHp=60}}
+
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=232|rbMinHp=133}}
  
 
=== Modifications and economy ===
 
=== Modifications and economy ===
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{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
 
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
 
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' -->
−
{{main|Type 98 (20 mm)}}
+
{{main|Type 91}}
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="6" | [[Type 98 (20 mm)|20 mm Type 98]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
+
! colspan="5" | [[Type 91]] missile || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
 
|-
 
|-
−
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
+
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
 
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
 
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
 
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
 
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
 
|-
 
|-
 
! ''Arcade''
 
! ''Arcade''
−
| rowspan="2" | 400 (20) || rowspan="2" | 300 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+82° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.82 || 42.66 || 51.80 || 57.30 || 60.94 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" | 3.45 || rowspan="2" | 3.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.00
+
| rowspan="2" | 8 (8) || rowspan="2" | 0°/+70° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 88.1 || 121.9 || 148.0 || 163.7 || 174.1 || rowspan="2" | 19.50 || rowspan="2" | 17.25 || rowspan="2" | 15.90 || rowspan="2" | 15.00
 
|-
 
|-
 
! ''Realistic''
 
! ''Realistic''
−
| 20.82 || 24.50 || 29.75 || 32.90 || 35.00
+
| 59.5 || 70.0 || 85.0 || 94.0 || 100.0
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
The main armament for the Type 93 is a SAM launcher built by Toshiba Heavy Industries, loaded with Type 91 missiles. These missiles are a variant of the Type 91 SAM-2 fired from handheld launchers by infantry. Their design and purpose are similar to the [[AIM-92 Stinger]].
 +
 +
The launcher features a centralised optic system and 2 x 4 launchers located on either side. The turret is capable of 360 degree turning and elevation of 70 degrees, but there is no depression on the launcher meaning firing at targets below you will be difficult.
 +
 +
The missiles use an infrared and image-guidance system. They can lock onto heat-emitting targets and have IRCCM to help make flares less effective to the seeker. The missiles also have an optical contrast guidance mode which is useful for locking onto targets that you normally could not lock due to their lower heat signature or from longer distances. However, it only works well against targets that are flying at higher altitudes and during good weather conditions. The mode does not work at night. The optics contain a TV camera, infrared sensors, laser receivers and IFF antennas. These feed through to a launch control device located on the passenger side of the vehicle.
 +
 +
This optic also allows you to track onto targets within ±1 degree of the sight, however offers no radar itself to spot incoming enemies so they must be manually spotted and locked.
 +
 +
The missiles have a warm up time of 1 second before it can gain a lock and be fired. It is advised to keep the missiles warmed at all times to intercept fast-moving jets. Only 1 missile can be fired per lock and warm up and lock on must be achieved again.
 +
 +
The launcher can be fired on the move unlike some other SAM's.
  
 
==== Ammunition ====
 
==== Ammunition ====
−
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
+
{{:Type 91/Ammunition|Type 91}}
−
* '''Type 100 AP-T:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
 
−
* '''Type 100 HE-T:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
 
−
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 
−
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
 
−
|-
 
−
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belts
 
−
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
 
−
|-
 
−
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
 
−
|-
 
−
| Default || 48 || 45 || 35 || 26 || 19 || 14
 
−
|-
 
−
| Type 100 HE-T || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
 
−
|-
 
−
| Type 100 AP-T || 48 || 45 || 35 || 26 || 19 || 14
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
−
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 
−
! colspan="10" | Belt details
 
−
|-
 
−
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)
 
−
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
 
−
|-
 
−
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
 
−
|-
 
−
| Type 100 HE-T || HEFI-T || 950 || 0.133 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 6 || 79° || 80° || 81°
 
−
|-
 
−
| Type 100 AP-T || API-T || 928 || 0.155 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
  
 
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
 
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
 
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
 
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
 +
<!-- '''Last updated:''' -->
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
|-
 
|-
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! Visual<br>discrepancy
 
! Visual<br>discrepancy
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''20''' || 1&nbsp;''(+19)'' || style="text-align:left" | Yes
+
| '''1''' || 0 ''(+1)'' || No
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
* Missiles empty from left missile box to right
 +
* Further emptying of the missiles are shown by an arrow
  
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
−
'''AA role''':
+
One of the main advantages of this vehicle is the speed, your main goal will be not on the front lines but behind offering support or flanking to intercept air targets. With a range of 6 km in any aspect you will need to move closer to the enemy than would be ideal for a vehicle like this. This vehicle is ideal for taking wide flanks through less trafficked parts of the map to get into position to lay ambushes for enemy air. While waiting for enemy air targets to spawn, you can also scout ground targets for your team.
−
 
 
−
Shooting at aircraft, you can make use of its manoeuvrability to evade enemy bombs or bullets. This is not a spectacular AA since its fire density is not so great, requiring every shot to be pinpoint on target to hit. Bring 5-6 full HE belts to take this role in case there is planes coming your way. Any good SPAA tactic works fine with the Type 94.
 
−
 
 
−
'''Light brawler''':
 
  
−
Any aggressive player will be able to take this truck into a close quarter fight, even if it's not its recommended usage. Its fast speed and gun turning rate allows for intense action and multi-target engagement. In close quarter engagement, come in a reverse position in order to have the best gun arc and always anticipate an escape route. At this BR, 45 mm of penetration is more than enough to incapacitate most enemy tanks. But beware of its limited ammo count and always engage your target with a fully loaded magazine. It is recommended to spray the gunner first and then taking your time to snipe every other crew member. Whenever an artillery strike is coming your way, be it friendly or enemy, do not stand there for too long since a single shell can wreck this truck. One last warning: never engage heavy targets, instead: ''flee''.
+
On some maps you can be key to getting a quick cap on a middle point, or de-capping a less contested point giving your team a slight advantage. Using your speed you can get in and out before many tanks realise you were even there.
  
−
=== Modules ===
+
In SB this vehicle really shines as maps are larger to allow more flanking so you can set up ambushes easier. Though the downside is as this vehicle does not feature radar you will have to rely on sounds and team callouts to know where to aim.
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
! Tier
 
−
! colspan="2" | Mobility
 
−
! Protection
 
−
! colspan="2" | Firepower
 
−
|-
 
−
| I
 
−
| Tires
 
−
|
 
−
| Parts
 
−
| Horizontal Drive
 
−
| Type 100 HE-T
 
−
|-
 
−
| II
 
−
| Suspension
 
−
| Brake System
 
−
| FPE
 
−
| Adjustment of Fire
 
−
| Type 100 AP-T
 
−
|-
 
−
| III
 
−
| Filters
 
−
|
 
−
| Crew Replenishment
 
−
| Elevation Mechanism
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
| IV
 
−
| Transmission
 
−
| Engine
 
−
|
 
−
| Artillery Support
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
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'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
  
−
* Rapid fire 20 mm cannon on truck bed
+
* Very high top speed for a ground vehicle.
−
* 360° gun rotation and fast turret traverse
+
* Optical IR lock prevents enemy aircraft from getting radar warning.
−
* Reasonably good penetration can be achieved with the 20mm's AP-T shells (45 mm)
+
* Missiles can be fired on the move.
−
* Truck platform gives good movement on road
+
* Fire and forget - after you successfully locked and launch a missile, you can retreat without having to lead the target, unlike other some other SAM's.
−
* Non HE shells will have hard time killing this, as the lack of armour, walls and components make it hard to actually hit anything that will sprawl and cause damage, meaning direct hits to the crew are necessary in order to take it out.
+
* The missile's uncaged seeker head allows you to lead your missiles to hit aircraft flying at high speeds or flying perpendicular to the player.
−
* Cabin's back is 15 mm thick, which can block MG fire (if shot from the front, only the driver will die)
 
−
* Very light: easy to tow
 
−
* Good ammo capacity
 
−
* Fast reload speed
 
−
* -9° of gun depression and 82° of elevation
 
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
  
−
* 20 mm rate of fire is low
+
* Missiles only have 10G maximum overload.
−
* Kamikaze airplanes can kill this vehicle ''very'' easily
+
* Minimal armor.
−
* Absolutely zero armour makes other vehicles able to destroy it by just spraying it with regular machine gun fire and killing the crewmen.
+
* Can only engage air targets.
−
* Can be killed by tank ramming
+
* No radar to detect incoming aircraft
−
* Commander is standing near the gunner, which makes it very exposed to MG fire
 
−
* Can't shoot directly forward, needs to face ground targets side on
 
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
 
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 +
The '''Type 93 Short Range {{Annotation|SAM|Surface-to-Air Missile}}''' ({{Annotation|93式近距離地対空誘導弾|93-Shiki kinkyori-chi taikū yūdō-dan}}) was a direct successor to the L-90 35 mm Anti-Aircraft Twin Cannons found on vehicles such as the [[Type 87]] or as a separate towed emplacement.
 +
 +
Within the Ministry of Defense the vehicle is known as the SAM-3. The military shortened it as ''Short-SAM'' ({{Annotation|近|Kin}}SAM) or nicknamed it as the ''Closed Arrow'' ({{Annotation|クローズドアロー|Kurōzudoarō}}).
 +
 +
;Development
 +
 +
The first prototypes of the Type 93 were built in 1990 with the first tests already taking place in 1992. The main reason for having a short development time was because the missile itself, the Type 91 or SAM-2 (a man portable SAM launcher), was already done with its development in 1991 and was to simply be fitted on a Toyota Mega Cruiser. Most of the development time was put into the Fire Control System.
  
−
The Isuzu Type 94 truck is a Japanese designed truck which was specifically built for military use. Intended to replace civilian designs, it was originally developed in 1933 as part of an Imperial Japanese Army program to sponsor independent motor companies. Unlike its civilian predecessors, these trucks were designed from the outset to be used on rough terrain.
+
In 1993 it was adopted within the JGSDF as the '''Type 93 Short Range SAM''' and deployment started from 1994.
  
−
Isuzu's prototype of a 6x4 truck, known in-house as the Isuzu TU10, was first shown to the army in July of 1933. Not only did it have excellent off-road capabilities thanks to its high ground clearance, but it was also very easy to maintain and reliable in use. Originally the type was fitted with an upright 6 cylinder watercooled engine almost identical to that used on the Isuzu Type 93 six-wheeled civilian passenger car, but adapted for military use. It was capable of producing 43 hp at 1500 rpm or a maximum of 68 hp at 2800 rpm: this version was known as the Type 94 Ko. Later on in 1939 the DA40, a 6 cylinder diesel engine, was developed for this truck with similar power output but a lower fuel consumption: this version was known as the Type 94 Otsu.
+
It is a vast improvement over the 35 mm KDA with the ability to track and shoot down enemy aircraft with its infrared homing included in the system. The Type 93 utilises 3rd generation infrared and ultraviolet guidance systems, which allow it to record a target's image profile and ignore defensive countermeasures such as flares.
  
−
Army trials of the TU10 prototype started in July of 1933, consisting of six different tests in diverse terrains and weather conditions, spread out between July of 1933 and July of 1934. Following the completion of these tests, the type was officially adopted for use by the Imperial Japanese Army as the Type 94. Standardised sets of plans were drawn up by the Army Engineering Headquarters, and full scale production of the Type 94 started in 1937.
+
A total of 113 SAM systems were made, the last being produced in 2008.
  
−
The standard Type 94 truck was designed to be operated by a single driver, and could carry either up to 12 passengers - two in the cab, 10 in the cargo bay - or up to 1300 kg of cargo. Over the course of its production, numerous variants were designed, including the TX40 gasoline-powered civilian 4x4 truck, the Type 97 military 4x4 truck based on the civilian TX40; the TX50 diesel-powered version of the TX40, the TX80 and TU80 with an improved axle strength to increase its maximum payload, as well as various other and specialised variants.
+
As of 5 October 2020, the Ministry of Defense has announced they would replace the Type 93 by the fiscal year (FY) 2021 with "an improved version of the SAM currently used for air defence by the JASDF".
  
−
Among these many variants was the '''Type 98 20 mm Machine Cannon Carrier Truck''', which was a ''Type 98 20 mm AA machine cannon'' mounted on the back of a truck as a means to provide AA cover for the IJA's tank divisions. In practice, not solely the Isuzu Type 94 was used, but also equivalent trucks built by Nissan and Toyota.
+
=== [[wt:en/news/6737-development-type-93-breaking-barriers-and-airframes-en|Devblog]] ===
 +
Development on the Type 93 mobile SAM platform began in 1990 after the Japanese Department of Defense tasked the Toshiba Heavy Industries company with modifying the already in service military version of the Toyota Mega Cruiser (designated BXD10) to carry the Type 91 surface-to-air missiles with the aim of creating a contemporary replacement for conventional gun-armed SPAA units.
  
−
The Type 98 20 mm AA machine cannon was a Japanese derived variant of the Hotchkiss M1929 13.2 mm machine gun, which had first been developed in 1929 by the French manufacturer Hotchkiss & Cie. Examples of the M1929 were purchased by Japan in the early 1930s, who first started license-building it as the Type 93 machine gun. Experience with the Type 93 and its derived variant, the Type 96 25 mm AT/AA gun, eventually led to a 20 mm variant which was standardised in 1938. This weapon became the most widely spread Japanese light AA gun of the Second World War, with approximately 2,500 built. A variant of the Type 98, the Type 4, was introduced in 1944, consisting of two Type 98 guns on a twinned mount. An approximate 500 Type 4 guns were built between 1944 and 1945.
+
Given how all necessary components were already more or less readily available, the actual development time for the new vehicle was fairly short. As a result, shortly after the order was issued in 1990, a prototype of the Type 93 was built and underwent successful testing. In 1993, the vehicle was officially accepted into service with the JGSDF and mass production commenced. In total, 113 Type 93s were built between 1993 - 2008, with all produced units serving exclusively with the JGSDF even until this day.
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
 
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
−
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=jp_type_94 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the Type-94 from live.warthunder.com.]
+
 
 +
;Skins
 +
 
 +
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_type_93 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
 +
 
 +
{{Skin-gallery |market|ugcitem_1000622|Type 93 two-toned camouflage.png|Camo "Two-toned camouflage"}}
 +
 
 +
;Images
 +
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Devblog Images" heights="150">
 +
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
 +
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
 +
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
 +
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
 +
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
 +
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
 +
</gallery>
 +
 
 +
;Videos
 +
{{Youtube-gallery|MPdcryL47sk|'''The Shooting Range #205''' - ''Challenge'' section at 09:56 discusses jumping with the Type 93.}}
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
−
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
+
<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
 
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
−
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
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* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' -->
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;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
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* [[File:Japan flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Type 81 (C)]]
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* [[File:France flag.png|30px|link=]] [[SANTAL]]
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* [[File:USSR flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Strela-10M2]]
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* [[File:FRG flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Ozelot]]
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* [[File:Italy flag.png|30px|link=]] [[SIDAM 25 (Mistral)]]
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* [[File:USA flag.png|30px|link=]] [[LAV-AD]]
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* [[File:USA flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Imp.Chaparral]]
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
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* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
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* ''other literature.'' -->
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* ''other literature.''
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* [[wt:en/news/6737-development-type-93-breaking-barriers-and-airframes-en|[Devblog] Type 93: Breaking Barriers and Airframes]]
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* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/444700-type-93-close-range-surface-to-air-missile-sam-3/ <nowiki>[Forum] Type 93 Close Range Surface to Air Missile (SAM-3)</nowiki>]
  
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{{TankManufacturer Toyota}}
 
{{Japan anti-aircraft vehicles}}
 
{{Japan anti-aircraft vehicles}}
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[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Latest revision as of 23:36, 3 November 2024

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This page is about the Japanese SPAA Type 93. For other uses, see Type 93 (Disambiguation).
Type 93
jp_type_93.png
GarageImage Type 93.jpg
ArtImage Type 93.png
Type 93

Description

The Type 93 is a SAM system carrying Type 91 SAM missiles on a BXD10 (Toyota Mega Cruiser), built to replace the Oerlikon KDA (35 mm) emplacements and Type 87 SPAAG carrying the same guns. Being built on a jeep it allows Japanese anti-air crews to use it as a very rapid response vehicle against aerial threats.

It was introduced in Update "Starfighters". Easily capable to reach its top speed, it can get behind the enemy lines and protect the battlefield from any incoming air threats. This is best done by evading any kind of ground engagement while closing the gap on air spawns since the Type 93 lacks any kind of radar and can only fired once an aircraft is locked, making it almost impossible to combat any ground target. It does, however, double as a great scouting vehicle, equipping thermal sights, a small profile, and fast maneuverability.

General info

Survivability and armour

Armour protection on this vehicle is near non-existent, but the idea of "no armour is best armour" holds up true here. The armour is only suitable for stopping small arms fire as the vehicle is designed to be hidden away from the front lines. The hull armour is 5 mm thick all around, slightly more armour is offered on the wheels, chassis and the turret at around 10 mm. However there is a lot of empty space in this vehicle that means you can get lucky and avoid an otherwise critical hit.

This lack of armour allows this vehicle to obtain some of the fastest speeds in game on flat roads and a more than adequate speed off-road.

Armour Front (Slope angle) Sides Rear Roof
Hull 5 mm 5 mm Top
5 mm Bottom 		5 mm 5 mm
Turret 10 mm Turret front
10 mm Gun mantlet 		10 mm 10 mm 10 mm

Mobility

Game Mode Max Speed (km/h) Weight (tons) Engine power (horsepower) Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Forward Reverse Stock Upgraded Stock Upgraded
Arcade Expression error: Unexpected * operator. 232 Expression error: Unexpected round operator. __.__
Realistic 133 Expression error: Unexpected round operator. __.__

Modifications and economy

Armaments

Main armament

Main article: Type 91
Type 91 missile Turret rotation speed (°/s) Reloading rate (seconds)
Mode Capacity (Belt) Vertical Horizontal Stabilizer Stock Upgraded Full Expert Aced Stock Full Expert Aced
Arcade 8 (8) 0°/+70° ±180° Two-plane 88.1 121.9 148.0 163.7 174.1 19.50 17.25 15.90 15.00
Realistic 59.5 70.0 85.0 94.0 100.0

The main armament for the Type 93 is a SAM launcher built by Toshiba Heavy Industries, loaded with Type 91 missiles. These missiles are a variant of the Type 91 SAM-2 fired from handheld launchers by infantry. Their design and purpose are similar to the AIM-92 Stinger.

The launcher features a centralised optic system and 2 x 4 launchers located on either side. The turret is capable of 360 degree turning and elevation of 70 degrees, but there is no depression on the launcher meaning firing at targets below you will be difficult.

The missiles use an infrared and image-guidance system. They can lock onto heat-emitting targets and have IRCCM to help make flares less effective to the seeker. The missiles also have an optical contrast guidance mode which is useful for locking onto targets that you normally could not lock due to their lower heat signature or from longer distances. However, it only works well against targets that are flying at higher altitudes and during good weather conditions. The mode does not work at night. The optics contain a TV camera, infrared sensors, laser receivers and IFF antennas. These feed through to a launch control device located on the passenger side of the vehicle.

This optic also allows you to track onto targets within ±1 degree of the sight, however offers no radar itself to spot incoming enemies so they must be manually spotted and locked.

The missiles have a warm up time of 1 second before it can gain a lock and be fired. It is advised to keep the missiles warmed at all times to intercept fast-moving jets. Only 1 missile can be fired per lock and warm up and lock on must be achieved again.

The launcher can be fired on the move unlike some other SAM's.

Ammunition

Missile details
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Velocity
(m/s) 		Range
(m) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Fuse delay
(m) 		Fuse sensitivity
(mm) 		Arming
distance (m) 		Trigger
radius (m) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (g) 		Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
Type 91 SAM 648 5,000 11.5 1 0.1 0 1 648 79° 80° 81°

Ammo racks

Ammo racks of the Type 93
Full
ammo 		1st
rack empty 		Visual
discrepancy
1 0 (+1) No
  • Missiles empty from left missile box to right
  • Further emptying of the missiles are shown by an arrow

Usage in battles

One of the main advantages of this vehicle is the speed, your main goal will be not on the front lines but behind offering support or flanking to intercept air targets. With a range of 6 km in any aspect you will need to move closer to the enemy than would be ideal for a vehicle like this. This vehicle is ideal for taking wide flanks through less trafficked parts of the map to get into position to lay ambushes for enemy air. While waiting for enemy air targets to spawn, you can also scout ground targets for your team.

On some maps you can be key to getting a quick cap on a middle point, or de-capping a less contested point giving your team a slight advantage. Using your speed you can get in and out before many tanks realise you were even there.

In SB this vehicle really shines as maps are larger to allow more flanking so you can set up ambushes easier. Though the downside is as this vehicle does not feature radar you will have to rely on sounds and team callouts to know where to aim.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • Very high top speed for a ground vehicle.
  • Optical IR lock prevents enemy aircraft from getting radar warning.
  • Missiles can be fired on the move.
  • Fire and forget - after you successfully locked and launch a missile, you can retreat without having to lead the target, unlike other some other SAM's.
  • The missile's uncaged seeker head allows you to lead your missiles to hit aircraft flying at high speeds or flying perpendicular to the player.

Cons:

  • Missiles only have 10G maximum overload.
  • Minimal armor.
  • Can only engage air targets.
  • No radar to detect incoming aircraft

History

The Type 93 Short Range SAM (93式近距離地対空誘導弾) was a direct successor to the L-90 35 mm Anti-Aircraft Twin Cannons found on vehicles such as the Type 87 or as a separate towed emplacement.

Within the Ministry of Defense the vehicle is known as the SAM-3. The military shortened it as Short-SAM (近SAM) or nicknamed it as the Closed Arrow (クローズドアロー).

Development

The first prototypes of the Type 93 were built in 1990 with the first tests already taking place in 1992. The main reason for having a short development time was because the missile itself, the Type 91 or SAM-2 (a man portable SAM launcher), was already done with its development in 1991 and was to simply be fitted on a Toyota Mega Cruiser. Most of the development time was put into the Fire Control System.

In 1993 it was adopted within the JGSDF as the Type 93 Short Range SAM and deployment started from 1994.

It is a vast improvement over the 35 mm KDA with the ability to track and shoot down enemy aircraft with its infrared homing included in the system. The Type 93 utilises 3rd generation infrared and ultraviolet guidance systems, which allow it to record a target's image profile and ignore defensive countermeasures such as flares.

A total of 113 SAM systems were made, the last being produced in 2008.

As of 5 October 2020, the Ministry of Defense has announced they would replace the Type 93 by the fiscal year (FY) 2021 with "an improved version of the SAM currently used for air defence by the JASDF".

Devblog

Development on the Type 93 mobile SAM platform began in 1990 after the Japanese Department of Defense tasked the Toshiba Heavy Industries company with modifying the already in service military version of the Toyota Mega Cruiser (designated BXD10) to carry the Type 91 surface-to-air missiles with the aim of creating a contemporary replacement for conventional gun-armed SPAA units.

Given how all necessary components were already more or less readily available, the actual development time for the new vehicle was fairly short. As a result, shortly after the order was issued in 1990, a prototype of the Type 93 was built and underwent successful testing. In 1993, the vehicle was officially accepted into service with the JGSDF and mass production commenced. In total, 113 Type 93s were built between 1993 - 2008, with all produced units serving exclusively with the JGSDF even until this day.

Media

Skins
Skin icon market.pngMarket
Type 93 two-toned camouflage.png
Camo "Two-toned camouflage"
Images
  • Devblog Images
  • Type 93 WTWallpaper 01.jpg
  • Type 93 WTWallpaper 02.jpg
  • Type 93 WTWallpaper 03.jpg
  • Type 93 WTWallpaper 04.jpg
  • Type 93 WTWallpaper 05.jpg
  • Type 93 WTWallpaper 06.jpg
Videos
The Shooting Range #205 - Challenge section at 09:56 discusses jumping with the Type 93.

See also

Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

External links


Toyota Motor Corporation (トヨタ自動車株式会社)
SAM 
Mega Cruiser  Type 93
Dyna  Antelope*
Notes  *Licensed production to Kuozui Motors

Japan anti-aircraft vehicles
Ke-Ni Derivatives  Ta-Se · So-Ki
Wheeled  Type 94
Tracked  SUB-I-II
Radar SPAAG  Type 87
Missile SPAA  Type 93 · Type 81 (C)
USA  ▅M16 MGMC · ▅M19A1 · ▅M42

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