Difference between revisions of "Imp.Chaparral"
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| + | {{About | ||
| + | | about = US SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}''' | ||
| + | | usage = the other version | ||
| + | | link = Imp.Chaparral (Israel) | ||
| + | }} | ||
{{Specs-Card | {{Specs-Card | ||
|code=us_mim_72_chaparral | |code=us_mim_72_chaparral | ||
| − | |images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}} | + | |images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}} |
}} | }} | ||
== Description == | == Description == | ||
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --> | <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' --> | ||
| − | The | + | The Chaparral was an SPAA used by the United States between 1969 and the early 2000s. It was a cheap way to adapt an already existing and trusted platform like the M113 to provide close- to medium-range air defence. For this, the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile was used, with different seekers and engines being installed over the years in order to provide better target acquisition, range, and reliability. The Chaparral also saw medium success in international markets, serving with Ecuador, Chile, Egypt, Morocco, Taiwan, and Israel. Its only confirmed kill was a MiG-17 shot down by Israel over the Golan Heights. |
| + | |||
| + | Introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]], the Chaparral comes with the benefit of using IR-guided missiles, these can be flared away with countermeasures and a couple of manoeuvres, but it makes it so that no radar is required, which means no ground clutter or lock warning for the pilots. Many jets at the BR lack countermeasures, so its most major opponents are modern ground attack aircraft like the A-10 and Su-25 that have armament capable of outranging the Chaparral and also have countermeasures. The other problem the Chaparral suffers is the lack of a gun; since it has no cannon or HMG, it is not able to shoot down helicopters or jets that are too close for the missile to get a lock. | ||
== General info == | == General info == | ||
| Line 36: | Line 43: | ||
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}} | {{Specs-Tank-Mobility}} | ||
<!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --> | <!-- ''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.'' --> | ||
| − | |||
| − | {{tankMobility}} | + | {{tankMobility|abMinHp=206|rbMinHp=128}} |
=== Modifications and economy === | === Modifications and economy === | ||
| Line 49: | Line 55: | ||
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --> | <!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' --> | ||
{{main|MIM-72}} | {{main|MIM-72}} | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" | ||
| Line 61: | Line 65: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ''Arcade'' | ! ''Arcade'' | ||
| − | | rowspan="2" | 12 (4) || rowspan="2" | -9°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || | + | | rowspan="2" | 12 (4) || rowspan="2" | -9°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 79.3 || 109.7 || 133.2 || 147.3 || 156.7 || rowspan="2" | 19.50 || rowspan="2" | 17.25 || rowspan="2" | 15.90 || rowspan="2" | 15.00 |
|- | |- | ||
! ''Realistic'' | ! ''Realistic'' | ||
| − | | | + | | 53.6 || 63.0 || 76.5 || 84.6 || 90.0 |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== Ammunition ==== | ==== Ammunition ==== | ||
| − | {{:MIM-72/Ammunition|MIM- | + | {{:MIM-72/Ammunition|MIM-72C, MIM-72E}} |
==== [[Ammo racks]] ==== | ==== [[Ammo racks]] ==== | ||
| Line 91: | Line 95: | ||
== Usage in battles == | == Usage in battles == | ||
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> | <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' --> | ||
| − | + | The first and most noticeable jump from the M247 to the Chaparral is the lack of radar. The lack of radar can take some time getting used to but is not a downside; the lack of a radar renders you invisible to almost any jet that does not have a Radar Warning Receiver (RWR). Even though searching for targets is more difficult, it also makes you more difficult to be found. Thanks to the IR locking, the target will not detect the lock nor the missile launch and, thanks to the smokeless missile motor, means that there is only a split second window after firing where you can be detected. This also means that you can reload the missile rack by locking onto the sun and firing your last missile in relative safety. | |
| − | + | There are several ways to avoid missing; | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ''' | + | * Avoid firing the missile before the target has fired flares, chances are they've been locked by another SPAA and are trying to avoid them. This leaves you the perfect window to fire and cripple them. |
| + | * Avoid firing when the target has lots of energy, the less energy the target has means a higher chance you will hit them. Try firing after they've finished an evasive maneuverer. | ||
| + | * In rear aspect, the missiles functionally ignore flares which means that you will be able to lock and fire before they have chance to avoid it. Try to pre-emptively aim in rear aspect so that you can destroy the aircraft after they've passed overhead. | ||
| + | * Don't fire at distant targets travelling transversally, the missiles tend to overcorrect and have a decent chance to miss their target. | ||
| − | + | As this is the first missile-centric SPAA, actively engaging targets takes a lot less time and effort as the missiles themselves do much of the work for you. Four missiles give plenty of chance to destroy a target in the event that the missile is evaded. | |
| − | + | === Pros and cons === | |
| + | <!-- ''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".'' --> | ||
| − | + | '''Pros:''' | |
| − | + | * IRST tracking (undetected by RWR) | |
| + | * Infrared missile guidance provides more stealthy attacks compared to missiles that rely on radar (fire and forget, no painting to alert enemy RWR) | ||
| + | * Harder-hitting and more manoeuvrable missiles compared to its successor LAV-AD | ||
| + | * Can perform scout functions for extra team assistance | ||
| + | * Thermal imaging to assist with target acquisition | ||
| − | + | '''Cons:''' | |
| − | + | * Missile armament lacks IRCCM | |
| + | * Absolutely no defensive armament, strictly anti-air | ||
| + | * No armour | ||
| + | * Lacks search radar (must rely on visual and sound to find enemies) | ||
| − | + | == History == | |
| + | <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' --> | ||
| + | [[File:Chaparral US.jpg|thumb|MIM-72 Chaparral at Redstone Arsenal]] | ||
| + | The Chaparral was an anti-aircraft system developed by the United States during the 1960s to offer short-range air defence capabilities to soldiers and armoured units. The Chaparral employs variants of the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile instead of traditional radar-guided missiles and it was meant to be used together with the [[M163]] VADS. | ||
| − | + | The Chaparral's predecessor was the Mauler, developed during the Advanced Air Defence Program and using the MIM-46 Mauler missile. It was equipped with a total of 9 missiles and no gun, the system was mounted in the M113 chassis and also had 2 radars available. The Mauler was abandoned in 1963 after many problems were discovered with the system, but many of its characteristics were inherited by the Chaparral. | |
| − | + | For example, the attempts to modify the M113 to add an SPAA system to it continued in the following years, with the MIM-72 Chaparral going into service in 1969. The Chaparral was a cheap and quick solution to the lack of short-medium range air defence options in the army. This was result of the Provisional Advanced Air Defence program, that evaluated the AIM-9 missile as an option for ground-based AA platforms. However issues started to appear when it was evident that the AIM-9 would not have enough time to react if the enemy aircraft was too close, thus, an M113 was equipped with an M61 Vulcan 20 mm cannon and a radar was to be used in complement to the Chaparral. A separated radar set was developed to be used with both the Chaparral and Vulcan system, however this system is transported by a separate unarmed vehicle and was not suited for frontline combat. | |
| − | + | Different versions of the Chaparral appeared in later years, especially during the 1970s and '80s. The Chaparral was seen as a cheap alternative for air defence platforms and was exported to several nations. Most upgrades consisted in improvements to the fire control system and armament, with better missiles adapted to be used in the Chaparral. All-aspect seekers were installed in 1974, and even a naval version was exported to Taiwan after not being of interest to the army. | |
| − | + | The MIM-72D was an export variant with improved warhead, the MIM-72E was used during the 1970s and '80s and included a smokeless engine. The most modern variant was the MIM-72G, that used the seeker of the FIM-92 Stinger missile, with deliveries of this new version starting in 1982, and all missiles being modified with the new seeker. After 1981, the system started to be phased out from the regular army, but it was still used during the Gulf War. In the end, all systems were handed over to the US national guard. | |
| − | + | == Media == | |
| − | + | <!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' --> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | ;Skins | |
| − | + | * [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_mim_72_chaparral Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.] | |
| − | |||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 143: | Line 148: | ||
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;'' | * ''reference to the series of the vehicles;'' | ||
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --> | * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' --> | ||
| − | |||
| − | + | ;Related development | |
| − | * | + | |
| + | * [[Imp.Chaparral (Israel)]] | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
| Line 152: | Line 157: | ||
* ''topic on the official game forum;'' | * ''topic on the official game forum;'' | ||
* ''other literature.'' --> | * ''other literature.'' --> | ||
| − | |||
| − | * | + | * [[wt:en/news/8445-development-improved-chaparral-oppa-chaparral-style-en|[Devblog] Improved Chaparral: Oppa Chaparral Style!]] |
| − | |||
{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}} | {{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}} | ||
Revision as of 23:14, 26 September 2024
| This page is about the US SPAA Imp.Chaparral. For the other version, see Imp.Chaparral (Israel). |
Contents
Description
The Chaparral was an SPAA used by the United States between 1969 and the early 2000s. It was a cheap way to adapt an already existing and trusted platform like the M113 to provide close- to medium-range air defence. For this, the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile was used, with different seekers and engines being installed over the years in order to provide better target acquisition, range, and reliability. The Chaparral also saw medium success in international markets, serving with Ecuador, Chile, Egypt, Morocco, Taiwan, and Israel. Its only confirmed kill was a MiG-17 shot down by Israel over the Golan Heights.
Introduced in Update "Sons of Attila", the Chaparral comes with the benefit of using IR-guided missiles, these can be flared away with countermeasures and a couple of manoeuvres, but it makes it so that no radar is required, which means no ground clutter or lock warning for the pilots. Many jets at the BR lack countermeasures, so its most major opponents are modern ground attack aircraft like the A-10 and Su-25 that have armament capable of outranging the Chaparral and also have countermeasures. The other problem the Chaparral suffers is the lack of a gun; since it has no cannon or HMG, it is not able to shoot down helicopters or jets that are too close for the missile to get a lock.
General info
Survivability and armour
Armourfront / side / back
Hull0 / 0 / 0
Turret0 / 0 / 0
Crew5 people
Visibility107 %
Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.
Armour type:
| Armour | Front (Slope angle) | Sides | Rear | Roof |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hull | ___ mm | ___ mm Top ___ mm Bottom |
___ mm | ___ - ___ mm |
| Turret | ___ - ___ mm Turret front ___ mm Gun mantlet |
___ - ___ mm | ___ - ___ mm | ___ - ___ mm |
| Cupola | ___ mm | ___ mm | ___ mm | ___ mm |
Notes:
Mobility
Speedforward / back
AB67 / 16 km/h
RB and SB62 / 15 km/h
Number of gears6 forward
2 back
Weight13.7 t
Engine power
AB525 hp
RB and SB275 hp
Power-to-weight ratio
AB38.3 hp/t
RB and SB20.1 hp/t
| Game Mode | Max Speed (km/h) | Weight (tons) | Engine power (horsepower) | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forward | Reverse | Stock | Upgraded | Stock | Upgraded | ||
| Arcade | 67 | 16 | 13.7 | 206 | 525 | 15.04 | 38.32 |
| Realistic | 62 | 15 | 128 | 275 | 9.34 | 20.07 | |
Modifications and economy
Repair costBasic → Reference
AB5 163 → 7 408 
RB4 508 → 6 468
SB4 804 → 6 893
Total cost of modifications181 600 
303 000
Talisman cost2 700 
Crew training175 000
Experts620 000
Aces2 100
Research Aces1 010 000
Reward for battleAB / RB / SB
160 / 210 / 250 %
226 / 226 / 226 %
| Mobility | Protection | Firepower | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Armaments
Night vision device
Improves visibility by enhancing natural light or active illumination.
Thermal imager
Allows to see thermal radiation in the infrared range day and night
Main armament
AAM MIM-72
Ammunition12 rounds
Belt capacity4 rounds
Reloadbasic crew → aces
19.5 → 15.0 s
Fire rate60 shots/min
Vertical guidance-9° / 90°
| MIM-72 missile | Turret rotation speed (°/s) | Reloading rate (seconds) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mode | Capacity (Belt) | Vertical | Horizontal | Stabilizer | Stock | Upgraded | Full | Expert | Aced | Stock | Full | Expert | Aced |
| Arcade | 12 (4) | -9°/+90° | ±180° | - | 79.3 | 109.7 | 133.2 | 147.3 | 156.7 | 19.50 | 17.25 | 15.90 | 15.00 |
| Realistic | 53.6 | 63.0 | 76.5 | 84.6 | 90.0 | ||||||||
Ammunition
| Shell details | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ammunition | Type of warhead |
Velocity (m/s) |
Range (m) |
Projectile mass (kg) |
Fuse delay (m) |
Fuse sensitivity (mm) |
Arming distance (m) |
Trigger radius (m) |
Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg) |
Ricochet | ||
| 0% | 50% | 100% | ||||||||||
| MIM-72C | SAM | 720 | 6,000 | 86.3 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 5 | 4.31 | 79° | 80° | 81° |
| MIM-72E | SAM | 720 | 6,000 | 86.3 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 5 | 4.31 | 79° | 80° | 81° |
Ammo racks
| Full ammo |
1st rack empty |
2nd rack empty |
3rd rack empty |
4th rack empty |
5th rack empty |
6th rack empty |
Visual discrepancy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | __ (+__) | __ (+__) | __ (+__) | __ (+__) | __ (+__) | __ (+__) | __ |
Usage in battles
The first and most noticeable jump from the M247 to the Chaparral is the lack of radar. The lack of radar can take some time getting used to but is not a downside; the lack of a radar renders you invisible to almost any jet that does not have a Radar Warning Receiver (RWR). Even though searching for targets is more difficult, it also makes you more difficult to be found. Thanks to the IR locking, the target will not detect the lock nor the missile launch and, thanks to the smokeless missile motor, means that there is only a split second window after firing where you can be detected. This also means that you can reload the missile rack by locking onto the sun and firing your last missile in relative safety.
There are several ways to avoid missing;
- Avoid firing the missile before the target has fired flares, chances are they've been locked by another SPAA and are trying to avoid them. This leaves you the perfect window to fire and cripple them.
- Avoid firing when the target has lots of energy, the less energy the target has means a higher chance you will hit them. Try firing after they've finished an evasive maneuverer.
- In rear aspect, the missiles functionally ignore flares which means that you will be able to lock and fire before they have chance to avoid it. Try to pre-emptively aim in rear aspect so that you can destroy the aircraft after they've passed overhead.
- Don't fire at distant targets travelling transversally, the missiles tend to overcorrect and have a decent chance to miss their target.
As this is the first missile-centric SPAA, actively engaging targets takes a lot less time and effort as the missiles themselves do much of the work for you. Four missiles give plenty of chance to destroy a target in the event that the missile is evaded.
Pros and cons
Pros:
- IRST tracking (undetected by RWR)
- Infrared missile guidance provides more stealthy attacks compared to missiles that rely on radar (fire and forget, no painting to alert enemy RWR)
- Harder-hitting and more manoeuvrable missiles compared to its successor LAV-AD
- Can perform scout functions for extra team assistance
- Thermal imaging to assist with target acquisition
Cons:
- Missile armament lacks IRCCM
- Absolutely no defensive armament, strictly anti-air
- No armour
- Lacks search radar (must rely on visual and sound to find enemies)
History
The Chaparral was an anti-aircraft system developed by the United States during the 1960s to offer short-range air defence capabilities to soldiers and armoured units. The Chaparral employs variants of the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile instead of traditional radar-guided missiles and it was meant to be used together with the M163 VADS.
The Chaparral's predecessor was the Mauler, developed during the Advanced Air Defence Program and using the MIM-46 Mauler missile. It was equipped with a total of 9 missiles and no gun, the system was mounted in the M113 chassis and also had 2 radars available. The Mauler was abandoned in 1963 after many problems were discovered with the system, but many of its characteristics were inherited by the Chaparral.
For example, the attempts to modify the M113 to add an SPAA system to it continued in the following years, with the MIM-72 Chaparral going into service in 1969. The Chaparral was a cheap and quick solution to the lack of short-medium range air defence options in the army. This was result of the Provisional Advanced Air Defence program, that evaluated the AIM-9 missile as an option for ground-based AA platforms. However issues started to appear when it was evident that the AIM-9 would not have enough time to react if the enemy aircraft was too close, thus, an M113 was equipped with an M61 Vulcan 20 mm cannon and a radar was to be used in complement to the Chaparral. A separated radar set was developed to be used with both the Chaparral and Vulcan system, however this system is transported by a separate unarmed vehicle and was not suited for frontline combat.
Different versions of the Chaparral appeared in later years, especially during the 1970s and '80s. The Chaparral was seen as a cheap alternative for air defence platforms and was exported to several nations. Most upgrades consisted in improvements to the fire control system and armament, with better missiles adapted to be used in the Chaparral. All-aspect seekers were installed in 1974, and even a naval version was exported to Taiwan after not being of interest to the army.
The MIM-72D was an export variant with improved warhead, the MIM-72E was used during the 1970s and '80s and included a smokeless engine. The most modern variant was the MIM-72G, that used the seeker of the FIM-92 Stinger missile, with deliveries of this new version starting in 1982, and all missiles being modified with the new seeker. After 1981, the system started to be phased out from the regular army, but it was still used during the Gulf War. In the end, all systems were handed over to the US national guard.
Media
- Skins
See also
- Related development
External links
| USA anti-aircraft vehicles | |
|---|---|
| M3 Half-track derivatives | M13 MGMC · M15 CGMC · M16 MGMC |
| M24 derivative | M19A1 |
| M41 derivative | M42 |
| Radar SPAAG | M163 · M247 |
| Missile SPAA | ADATS · Imp.Chaparral · LAV-AD · XM975 |
