Difference between pages "Chi-Nu" and "Chi-He"

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{{About
 
{{About
 
| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
 
| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
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| usage = premium version
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| usage = the premium version
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| link = Chi-Nu II
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| link = Chi-He (5th Regiment)
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{Specs-Card
 
{{Specs-Card
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|code=jp_type_3_chi_nu
+
|code=jp_type_1_chi_he
 
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
 
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
 
}}
 
}}
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== Description ==
 
== Description ==
 
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
 
<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
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The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ({{Annotation|三式中戦車 「チヌ」|San-Shiki Chū-Sensha [Chi-Nu]}}) is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]] along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces Tree.
+
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ({{Annotation|一式中戦車 「チへ」|Ichi-Shiki Chū-Sensha [Chi-He]}}) was a tank designed to streamline the design of the [[Chi-Ha Kai|Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai]] and improve on armour and engine power. While the streamlining of the design featured welded armour instead of riveted armour, a 5th crew member and slightly more armour, the final design only weighed 1.5 tons more than the Chi-Ha Kai. Production only caught on in 1943 due to the Navy's priority in raw materials and all Chi-He's were reserved for the defence of the Home Islands. While the Chi-He did improve on the Chi-Ha Kai, it didn't improve enough to compete with the likes of a [[M4 Sherman (Family)|M4 Sherman]], and served its hull to build the [[Chi-Nu|Type 3 Chi-Nu]].
  
−
The Type 3 Chi-Nu is arguably Japan's first ''good'' medium tank with adequate protection, good firepower, and good mobility, all traits well known in the medium tank categories. The previous Japanese mediums suffer from underpowered guns or tiny caliber size, but the Chi-Nu's 75 mm gun is powerful enough to deal with its contemporaries. Play style with this medium tank can be played just like any medium tank, giving the Chi-Nu the flexibility to be part of an assault force or a flanking role to support the main assault.
+
It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]] along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces Tree. Featuring better armour, slightly better mobility with the same [[Type 1 (47 mm)|47 mm Type 1]] gun as its [[Chi-Ha Kai|Chi-Ha Kai]] predecessor, the Chi-He is an enjoyable tank to play in the early ranks of the game. Stick to allies and use mobility to get to the point with other fast vehicles. Use its good gun depression to hide behind hills and snipe enemies. With its good reverse speed, it can easily get out of nasty situations or hide quickly.
−
 
 
−
The 75 mm gun on the Chi-Nu gives this tank a major firepower boost in comparison to the previous Japanese mediums. At an average fighting distance, the 75 mm can penetrate between 80 to 90 mm of armour, meaning it can fight most of the medium tanks at its battle rating, and those tanks unable to be fought from the front can be defeated from the side.
 
  
 
== General info ==
 
== General info ==
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{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
 
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
 
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.'' -->
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'''Armour type:'''
+
There is nothing impressive here in terms of armour, the Chi-He features 50 mm, poorly angled, frontal armour. This is not the kind of plate that can take any punishment at the battle rating, it will only bounce poorly aimed shots. The five-man crew inside makes the tank very survivable, leaving some room for mistakes. Side armour is vulnerable to heavy machine gun and autocannon fire, so beware flanking fast tanks.
 +
 
 +
'''Armour Type:'''
  
 
* Rolled homogeneous armour
 
* Rolled homogeneous armour
−
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)
+
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Machine gun ports)
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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| Hull || 50 mm (15°) ''Front plate'' <br> 12 mm (76°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 50 mm (20°) ''Joint plate'' <br> 8.5 mm (65°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 mm (15-30°) ''Top'' <br> 25 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm (0-20°) ''Top'' <br> 8.5 mm (63°) ''Bottom'' || 12 mm
 
| Hull || 50 mm (15°) ''Front plate'' <br> 12 mm (76°) ''Front glacis'' <br> 50 mm (20°) ''Joint plate'' <br> 8.5 mm (65°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 mm (15-30°) ''Top'' <br> 25 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm (0-20°) ''Top'' <br> 8.5 mm (63°) ''Bottom'' || 12 mm
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Turret || 50 mm (15°) ''Turret front'' <br> 50 mm (11-49°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (9-10°) || 25 mm || 12 mm
+
| Turret || 25 + 25 mm (10°) ''Turret front'' <br> 50 mm (0-10°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (10°) || 25 mm ''Turret rear'' <br> 50 mm (0-57°) ''Machine gun port'' || 12 mm
−
|-
 
−
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Cupola || 50 mm || 12 mm
+
| Cupola || 50 mm || 50 mm || 50 mm || 12 mm
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 
'''Notes:'''
 
'''Notes:'''
  
−
* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.
+
* Suspension wheels both 15 mm thick
 +
* Tracks are 20 mm thick.
 +
* Front of turret has bolted on 25 mm armour to total up to 50 mm thick as the rest of the front.
  
 
=== Mobility ===
 
=== Mobility ===
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{{tankMobility|abMinHp=372|rbMinHp=212}}
 
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=372|rbMinHp=212}}
 +
 +
This is one of the main feature of the Chi-He, it enables it to do anything a commander want with it. Want to be first on the spot? With some skill/luck, the Chi-He can! Want to flank? follow other light tanks in the move, provide them with enhanced firepower! The enemy team is coming over? Hit the gas (in a rearward position) and fire while retreating.
  
 
=== Modifications and economy ===
 
=== Modifications and economy ===
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{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
 
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
 
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' -->
 
<!-- ''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.'' -->
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{{main|Type 3 (75 mm)}}
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{{main|Type 1 (47 mm)}}
 +
 
 +
Comparatively to other light/medium tanks at this battle rating, the 47 mm Type 1 gun is quite surprising with 77 mm of penetration at point-blank range and has a good reload speed. Plus, this fires APHE shells, which do great post-penetration damage. Comparatively, the [[20-K (45 mm)]] gun on Russian BR 1.0-2.7 tanks has only 62 mm of penetration in similar conditions. Furthermore, a shoulder stabiliser allows for safer advances on enemy positions (although it is important to note that it only works at low speed). A top-mounted MG is really useful when dealing with unarmoured SPG and SPAA one might encounter at the battle rating.
 +
 
 +
One thing to keep in mind compared to [[Chi-Ha Kai]] is that it still retains the same hand-cranked turret with additional 25 mm plates to improve the frontal armour to a max of 50 mm. This however slows down the turret rotations speeds due the added weight.
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="5" | [[Type 3 (75 mm)|75 mm Type 3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
+
! colspan="5" | [[Type 1 (47 mm)|47 mm Type 1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
 
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
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|-
 
|-
 
! ''Arcade''
 
! ''Arcade''
−
| rowspan="2" | 55 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.90 || 13.70 || 16.64 || 18.41 || 19.58 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
+
| rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Shoulder|up to 10 km/h}} || 13.3 || 18.4 || 22.4 || 24.8 || 26.4 || rowspan="2" | 4.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.80 || rowspan="2" | 3.50 || rowspan="2" | 3.30
 
|-
 
|-
 
! ''Realistic''
 
! ''Realistic''
−
| 6.19 || 7.28 || 8.84 || 9.78 || 10.40
+
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
==== Ammunition ====
 
==== Ammunition ====
−
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
+
{{:Type 1 (47 mm)/Ammunition|Type 1 APHE, Type 1 HE}}
−
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
 
−
|-
 
−
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead
 
−
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
 
−
|-
 
−
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
 
−
|-
 
−
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 103 || 101 || 92 || 82 || 73 || 65
 
−
|-
 
−
| Type 94 HE || HE || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
−
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
 
−
! colspan="10" | Shell details
 
−
|-
 
−
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)
 
−
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)
 
−
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
 
−
|-
 
−
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
 
−
|-
 
−
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 668 || 6.56 || 1.3 || 15 || 84.8 || 47° || 60° || 65°
 
−
|-
 
−
| Type 94 HE || HE || 522 || 6.02 || 0 || 0.1 || 810 || 79° || 80° || 81°
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
−
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
−
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
 
−
|-
 
−
! Ammunition
 
−
! Velocity<br>(m/s)
 
−
! Projectile<br>Mass (kg)
 
−
! Screen radius<br>(m)
 
−
! Screen deploy time<br>(s)
 
−
! Screen hold time<br>(s)
 
−
! Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)
 
−
|-
 
−
| Type 90 Smoke || 570 || 5.72 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 100
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
  
 
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
 
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
−
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
 
−
<!-- '''Last updated: 1.101.0.44''' -->
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
 
|-
 
|-
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! 2nd<br>rack empty
 
! 2nd<br>rack empty
 
! 3rd<br>rack empty
 
! 3rd<br>rack empty
 +
! 4th<br>rack empty
 +
! 5th<br>rack empty
 +
! 6th<br>rack empty
 +
! 7th<br>rack empty
 +
! 8th<br>rack empty
 +
! 9th<br>rack empty
 +
! 10th<br>rack empty
 +
! 11th<br>rack empty
 
! Visual<br>discrepancy
 
! Visual<br>discrepancy
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''55''' || 20&nbsp;''(+35)'' || 6&nbsp;''(+49)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+54)'' || No
+
| '''120''' || 91&nbsp;''(+29)'' || 76&nbsp;''(+44)'' || 73&nbsp;''(+47)'' || 62&nbsp;''(+58)'' || 51&nbsp;''(+69)'' || 40&nbsp;''(+80)'' || 29&nbsp;''(+91)'' || 21&nbsp;''(+99)'' || 15&nbsp;''(+105)'' || 9&nbsp;''(+111)'' || 1&nbsp;''(+119)'' || No
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
 +
'''Note''':
  
−
Turret empty: 20&nbsp;(+35)
+
* Turret empty: 73&nbsp;''(+47)'' shells.
  
 
=== Machine guns ===
 
=== Machine guns ===
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! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
 
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Pintle || 1,000 (20) || 498 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
+
| Hull || 3,000 (20) || 499 || ±10° || ±15°
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Hull || 3,000 (20) || 498 || -7°/+10° || ±19°
+
| Pintle || 1,000 (20) || 499 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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== Usage in battles ==
 
== Usage in battles ==
 
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
−
This tank can be played in a similar fashion to the [[Pz.IV F2]]. Using its good mobility and excellent gun, the Chi-Nu can hit enemies at medium/ long range from a position of cover, steadily advancing towards the enemy lines. The frontal armour is stronger than a Pz.IV F2 (same thickness, more slope), but is still weak and will not protect the Chi-Nu from most guns at BR 3.3. The side armour is particularly weak, so be careful of flank attacks.
 
  
−
The 75 mm gun can be more closely compared to the F-34 gun used by the T-34 when using the BR-350B round. It has high post penetration damage and just under 100 mm maximum penetration. However, no access to APCR or other high penetration rounds means the Chi-Nu is going to struggle fighting vehicles like the KV-1. These should be retreated from or flanked. Sherman tanks and T-34s may also present a problem from the front.
+
As the successor of the Chi-Ha, the Chi-He has a redesigned hull with thicker armour, a more powerful engine and an up-armoured turret from the Chi-Ha Kai, so the front is overall at 50 mm effective. This will result in a very similar playstyle as the Chi-Ha Kai with the added benefits of being an upgrade.
 +
 
 +
Unlike the [[Chi-Ha Kai|Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai]], the Type 1 Chi-He has some more armour and a stronger engine to rely on and it is able to brawl on its own with the fast rate of fire. But as previously mentioned on [[Chi-He#Main armament|Main armament]], the Chi-He retains the same hand-cranked turret with additional armour, slowing down the already mediocre turning time by a slight amount.
  
−
The Type 3 Chi-Nu has many adversaries that may be difficult to overcome, which is not helped by the tank's lacking ammo variety. The only piercing ammo available is the Type 1 APHE, which still has reasonable penetration and great explosive filler, but requires the knowledge of extremely specific weaknesses in order to take down certain foes.
+
Literally on top of armour and engine upgrades, the Chi-He gets an additional pintle point anti-aircraft machine gun, even though the [[Type 97 tank (7.7 mm)|Type 97 7.7 mm]] has a low clip capacity, it can prove useful for pinning enemy units and even getting hits to down enemy planes.
  
−
Pretty much any heavy tank can give the Chi-Nu a run for its silver lions. The Chi-Nu cannot penetrate the [[KV-1 (L-11)]] from the front at all, and struggles against other vehicles like the [[Churchill I]] or [[Gun Carrier (3-in)]]. The Churchill Gun Carrier has a small weak spot on the front of the tank - a viewport that can penetrated and one-shot the entire vehicle - but it is very difficult to hit, not to mention extremely dangerous. These tanks can be dealt with by shooting their sides, but that is not the case with the KV-1. In order to penetrate the KV-1 with the Chi-Nu, it is required to '''shoot the tank in the back of the turret ring.''' This incredibly specific weak spot - beneath the turret bustle on the back of the tank - is the ''only'' place where the Chi-Nu can penetrate the KV-1. Thankfully, shooting here results in a one-shot.
+
The best practice for the Chi-He (and other WWII-era Japanese tanks) is to always point forward, the front armour has pre-angled sides, so angling only hurts your pre-angles and weaker side armour. It's not worth trying to get more out of the 50 mm frontal effective protection.
  
−
Tanks like the [[M4]] Sherman and [[M4A1]] Sherman can also be difficult to deal with from the front. It is best advised to hit those tanks around from the side or at close range. Try to aim for the centre of the M4A1 Sherman's frontal plate at close-medium range, about 15-50 meters.
+
'''Enemies worth noting:'''
  
−
Most [[T-34 (Family)|T-34 series]] tanks can be dealt with quite easily, but for the most part it is recommended to shoot the turret instead of the frontal plate. This plate can be tricky to deal with for the Chi-Nu, so to cut the risk of a bounce altogether it's better to just shoot the turret and incapacitate the offensive capabilities of the tank, then move in for another shot.
+
* B1 bis / ter: the B1 can easily destroy the Chi-Ha when using both of its guns, but when angling only the 47 mm gun is available, meaning that the Chi-Ha can take some more hits. It is very hard to destroy the Char B1 from a distance, so get as close as possible with the ideal range being no more than 300 m. Aim at their flat hull side, turret side, hull cannon mount or the driving compartment (the near-vertical frontal armour right below the turret). Upon penetrating, the Chi-Ha's 47 mm APHE can knock out several crews, and your quick reload allows you to finish the rest off in time. However if the B1 has folded armour plates on their hull sides then it is a B1 ter, avoid shooting at its sides.
 +
* [[M4A3 (105)]]: This low-rank Sherman posts a huge threat to every of its opponents due to its superior armour and destructive firepower. Its armour is overall quite tough to penetrate with your small 47 mm gun, but it can be solved by careful aiming. If the M4 is within 200 m, shoot at the vertical part of its gun mantlet or its side if exposed. One penetration might not kill all the crew, however two are generally enough. If it's up close and hull down, try shooting at its gun barrel to disarm it, but one shot is not guaranteed to destroy the barrel. When the M4 is further than 400 m away, all of your shells will perform poorly at penetrating its armour, so disengage or wait until it gets closer. Remember to not get hit by it, its HEAT is able to knock the Chi-He out with ease.
  
 
=== Pros and cons ===
 
=== Pros and cons ===
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'''Pros:'''
 
'''Pros:'''
  
−
* 75 mm gun is adequate and quite powerful
+
* 47 mm cannon can do some decent damage
−
* 75 mm shell slow drop-off, accurate in longer range
+
* Small profile
−
* Good mobility
+
* Gunner supported stabilization, can take accurate shots at low speeds
−
* Low profile
+
* Top-mounted MG
−
* Narrow chassis allows access through areas inaccessible by wider tanks
+
* Fast reverse speed (2 reverse gears)
 +
* Fast in forward motion
 +
* Frontal transmission
 +
* Awesome gun depression of -15°
 +
* Fast reloading rate
  
 
'''Cons:'''
 
'''Cons:'''
  
−
* Max frontal armour is about 50 mm and not very sloped
+
* Thin side armour means angling front armour could expose weak armour
−
* Turret front is rather flat sloped
+
* 47 mm gun is so inaccurate, to the point where it can barely be used past 500 meters.
−
* Machine gun armament is restricted to front
+
* Packed 5-men crew can lead to an easy knock out if penetrated
−
* Turret traverse is rather slow, even when upgraded
+
* 50 mm front armour, poorly angled
−
* Cupola on the turret top is rather prominent and can be shot
+
* Big ammo racks in the turret (carry only half-ammo load)
−
* Removing all ammo from turret leaves little in reserves
+
* Long and narrow hull: hard to turn on the spot
  
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
 
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 
<!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 +
{{main|Chi-He (Family)|l1=History of the Type 1 Chi-He}}
 
===Development===
 
===Development===
−
By 1943, the tanks of the Imperial Japanese Army like the [[Ha-Go|Type 95 Ha-Go]] and [[Chi-Ha|Type 97 Chi-Ha]] plus its [[Chi-Ha Kai|improved variant]] were deemed to be falling behind in terms of modernizing tank designs of the American and European counterparts. This came to attention when their contact in Germany gave them information on the new Allied tanks like the American [[M4|M4 Sherman]]. A tank able to fight these newer machines was needed, but development takes time and resources that the IJA tank industry do not have a surplus of. Eventually, an expedient was ordered as a dedicated new design was developed.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" /><ref name="MaiChiNu" /> The expedient was to use a modified Type 90 75 mm field gun, a gun already proven to be effective against Allied tanks during the Philippines campaign, by adapting the gun into the [[Type 3 (75 mm)]] in models I and II<ref name="MaiChiNu" />. The model I went onto the [[Ho-Ni III|Type 1 Ho-Ni III]] and the model II went to the tank design.
+
The Imperial Japanese Army's main tank, the [[Chi-Ha|Type 97 Chi-Ha]], was becoming rather outdated by the turn of the decade in 1940. The 30 mm front plate armour was vulnerable to standard anti-tank weaponry and the riveted design post a hazard to the tank crew by spalling. In 1941, work began on modernizing the design up to new industrial standards.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref>
 +
 
 +
The first step in the modernizing design was to go towards a welded design rather than rivveted. The front glacis plate was also simplified into a large flat 50 mm armour plate rather than the curved one. The increased armour meant an increased weight, so the Japanese added the improved Type 100 diesel engine, capable of pumping out 240 hp to propel the tank. This new tank was accepted as the '''Type 1 Chi-He'''.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref>
  
−
The concept of the tank was made in 1943, but development would not start until May 1944. It was based off a modified [[Chi-He|Type 1 medium]] tank chassis, with the only major change being a larger turret ring to accommodate the initial turret design of the [[Chi-Ri II|Chi-Ri I]] prototype.<ref name="MaiChiNu" /> This expedient was accepted and designated the '''Type 3 Chi-Nu'''. The tank was to begin production in September 1944, but the escalation of American bombing of the Japanese homeland from late 1944 onwards caused massive destruction of the already-weak Japanese industry. Thus by the end of the war, between 144<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" /> to 166<ref name="MaiChiNu" /> Type 3 Chi-Nu tanks were produced.
+
During the tank's preparation for mass-production, a request by the commander of the 7th Tank Regiment calling for an improved armament on the Type 97 Chi-Ha was received by the Mitsubishi factory. With the Type 1 Chi-He still needing time to enter production levels, let alone the resources needed to manufacture completely new tanks, it was placed on hold and priority was placed on improving the Type 97. This lead to the cheaper method of adapting the Type 97 to using the Type 1 turret with the 47 mm cannon, producing to the [[Chi-Ha Kai|Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai]]. This delayed the mass-production of the Type 1 Chi-He until February 1944, resulting in only 170 tanks produced before the end of the war.<ref name="ZalogaChiHavsSherman">Zaloga Steven. ''M4 Sherman vs Type 97 Chi-Ha: The Pacific 1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2012</ref>
  
 
===Combat usage===
 
===Combat usage===
−
Though the Type 3 Chi-Nu were one of the more powerful tanks churned out of Japan's production lines in World War II, the produced Type 3 Chi-Nu were not sent out to reinforce Japanese forces on the Pacific islands. Instead, they were retained on the home islands as reserves for the defense of Japan against a possible Allied invasion of Japan.<ref name="MaiChiNu" /> However, with the Allied decision to bomb Japan with nuclear weapons and a massive Soviet invasion of Manchuria, Japan surrendered before their homeland was invaded, and with this means the Type 3 Chi-Nu never saw combat in World War II. Many of the tanks were decommissioned with the demilitarization of Japan and were scrapped by the American occupation forces.<ref name="MaiChiNu" /> Currently, the only surviving Type 3 Chi-Nu remains at the JGSDF Military Ordnance Training School.
+
Despite its relatively early production life over late-war Japanese tanks and its improved characteristics, the Type 1 Chi-He would see its combat life held in reserves in the Japanese home islands. They would never see use in the battlefield before Japan surrendered in August 1945.
  
 
== Media ==
 
== Media ==
 
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<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150px">
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Chi-Nu WebsiteImage 1.jpg|
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* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_type_1_chi_he Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
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</gallery>
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;Videos
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{{Youtube-gallery|4_cJ1CpEatw|'''Best gun depression'''  discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:33 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
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<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
 
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
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* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
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* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.'' -->
 +
 
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;Related Development
 +
* [[Chi-Ha (Family)]] - <small>(Predecessor)</small>
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** [[Chi-Ha Kai]]
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* [[Chi-He (Family)]]
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** [[Ho-I]] - <small>(Gun tank variant)</small>
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* [[Ka-Chi]] - <small>(Inspired navy amphibious variant)</small>
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;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
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* [[File:Czech flag.png|30px|link=]] [[File:Germany flag.png|30px|link=]] [[LT-38 (Family)|Pz.38(t)]]
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* [[File:Germany flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Pz.III (Disambiguation)|Pz.III (Family)]] - <small>(Early models)</small>
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* [[File:Kingdom Hungary flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Turan I]]
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* [[File:Kingdom Italy flag.png|30px|link=]] [[M15/42]]
 +
* [[File:France flag.png|30px|link=]] [[S.35]]
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* [[File:Britain flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Crusader (Family)|Crusader]]
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* [[File:Sweden flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Lago I]]
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
 
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
 
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
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* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
 
 
* ''other literature.'' -->
 
* ''other literature.'' -->
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* [[wt:en/news/4335-development-type-3-chi-nu-last-line-of-defense-en/|[Devblog] Type 3 Chi-Nu: Last Line of Defense]]
 
  
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=== References ===
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* [[wt:en/news/4349-development-type-1-chi-he-an-updated-classic-en/|[Devblog] Type 1 Chi-He – An Updated Classic]]
−
<references>
+
* [[wikipedia:Type_1_Chi-He_medium_tank|[Wikipedia] Type 1 Chi-He medium tank]]
−
<ref name="MaiChiNu">Sun, Eun Ae. ''<nowiki>[WT]</nowiki> Type3 Chi-Nu'' SENSHA. Blogger.com, 16 Nov. 2016. Web. 16 May. 2017. [http://sensha-manual.blogspot.com/2016/11/wt-type3-chi-nu.html Website]</ref>
+
 
−
<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref>
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===References===
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</references>
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<references />
  
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{{TankManufacturer Mitsubishi}}
 
{{Japan medium tanks}}
 
{{Japan medium tanks}}

Latest revision as of 10:16, 20 August 2024

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This page is about the Japanese medium tank Chi-He. For the premium version, see Chi-He (5th Regiment).
Chi-He
jp_type_1_chi_he.png
GarageImage Chi-He.jpg
ArtImage Chi-He.png
Chi-He

Description

The Type 1 Chi-He (一式中戦車 「チへ」) was a tank designed to streamline the design of the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai and improve on armour and engine power. While the streamlining of the design featured welded armour instead of riveted armour, a 5th crew member and slightly more armour, the final design only weighed 1.5 tons more than the Chi-Ha Kai. Production only caught on in 1943 due to the Navy's priority in raw materials and all Chi-He's were reserved for the defence of the Home Islands. While the Chi-He did improve on the Chi-Ha Kai, it didn't improve enough to compete with the likes of a M4 Sherman, and served its hull to build the Type 3 Chi-Nu.

It was introduced in Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai" along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces Tree. Featuring better armour, slightly better mobility with the same 47 mm Type 1 gun as its Chi-Ha Kai predecessor, the Chi-He is an enjoyable tank to play in the early ranks of the game. Stick to allies and use mobility to get to the point with other fast vehicles. Use its good gun depression to hide behind hills and snipe enemies. With its good reverse speed, it can easily get out of nasty situations or hide quickly.

General info

Survivability and armour

There is nothing impressive here in terms of armour, the Chi-He features 50 mm, poorly angled, frontal armour. This is not the kind of plate that can take any punishment at the battle rating, it will only bounce poorly aimed shots. The five-man crew inside makes the tank very survivable, leaving some room for mistakes. Side armour is vulnerable to heavy machine gun and autocannon fire, so beware flanking fast tanks.

Armour Type:

  • Rolled homogeneous armour
  • Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Machine gun ports)
Armour Front Sides Rear Roof
Hull 50 mm (15°) Front plate
12 mm (76°) Front glacis
50 mm (20°) Joint plate
8.5 mm (65°) Lower glacis 		20 mm (15-30°) Top
25 mm Bottom 		20 mm (0-20°) Top
8.5 mm (63°) Bottom 		12 mm
Turret 25 + 25 mm (10°) Turret front
50 mm (0-10°) Gun mantlet 		25 mm (10°) 25 mm Turret rear
50 mm (0-57°) Machine gun port 		12 mm
Cupola 50 mm 50 mm 50 mm 12 mm

Notes:

  • Suspension wheels both 15 mm thick
  • Tracks are 20 mm thick.
  • Front of turret has bolted on 25 mm armour to total up to 50 mm thick as the rest of the front.

Mobility

Game Mode Max Speed (km/h) Weight (tons) Engine power (horsepower) Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
Forward Reverse Stock Upgraded Stock Upgraded
Arcade Expression error: Unexpected * operator. 372 Expression error: Unexpected round operator. __.__
Realistic 212 Expression error: Unexpected round operator. __.__

This is one of the main feature of the Chi-He, it enables it to do anything a commander want with it. Want to be first on the spot? With some skill/luck, the Chi-He can! Want to flank? follow other light tanks in the move, provide them with enhanced firepower! The enemy team is coming over? Hit the gas (in a rearward position) and fire while retreating.

Modifications and economy

Armaments

Main armament

Main article: Type 1 (47 mm)

Comparatively to other light/medium tanks at this battle rating, the 47 mm Type 1 gun is quite surprising with 77 mm of penetration at point-blank range and has a good reload speed. Plus, this fires APHE shells, which do great post-penetration damage. Comparatively, the 20-K (45 mm) gun on Russian BR 1.0-2.7 tanks has only 62 mm of penetration in similar conditions. Furthermore, a shoulder stabiliser allows for safer advances on enemy positions (although it is important to note that it only works at low speed). A top-mounted MG is really useful when dealing with unarmoured SPG and SPAA one might encounter at the battle rating.

One thing to keep in mind compared to Chi-Ha Kai is that it still retains the same hand-cranked turret with additional 25 mm plates to improve the frontal armour to a max of 50 mm. This however slows down the turret rotations speeds due the added weight.

47 mm Type 1 Turret rotation speed (°/s) Reloading rate (seconds)
Mode Capacity Vertical Horizontal Stabilizer Stock Upgraded Full Expert Aced Stock Full Expert Aced
Arcade 120 -15°/+20° ±180° Shoulder 13.3 18.4 22.4 24.8 26.4 4.29 3.80 3.50 3.30
Realistic 8.3 9.8 11.9 13.2 14.0

Ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
10 m 100 m 500 m 1,000 m 1,500 m 2,000 m
Type 1 APHE APHE 77 75 67 58 50 44
Type 1 HE HE 10 9 8 7 5 5
Shell details
Ammunition Type of
warhead 		Velocity
(m/s) 		Projectile
mass (kg) 		Fuse delay
(m) 		Fuse sensitivity
(mm) 		Explosive mass
(TNT equivalent) (g) 		Ricochet
0% 50% 100%
Type 1 APHE APHE 808 1.49 1.2 9 22.4 47° 60° 65°
Type 1 HE HE 822 1.4 0.1 0.1 85.26 79° 80° 81°

Ammo racks

Full
ammo 		1st
rack empty 		2nd
rack empty 		3rd
rack empty 		4th
rack empty 		5th
rack empty 		6th
rack empty 		7th
rack empty 		8th
rack empty 		9th
rack empty 		10th
rack empty 		11th
rack empty 		Visual
discrepancy
120 91 (+29) 76 (+44) 73 (+47) 62 (+58) 51 (+69) 40 (+80) 29 (+91) 21 (+99) 15 (+105) 9 (+111) 1 (+119) No
Ammo racks of the Chi-He

Note:

  • Turret empty: 73 (+47) shells.

Machine guns

Main article: Type 97 (7.7 mm)
7.7 mm Type 97
Mount Capacity (Belt) Fire rate Vertical Horizontal
Hull 3,000 (20) 499 ±10° ±15°
Pintle 1,000 (20) 499 -10°/+70° ±60°

Usage in battles

As the successor of the Chi-Ha, the Chi-He has a redesigned hull with thicker armour, a more powerful engine and an up-armoured turret from the Chi-Ha Kai, so the front is overall at 50 mm effective. This will result in a very similar playstyle as the Chi-Ha Kai with the added benefits of being an upgrade.

Unlike the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai, the Type 1 Chi-He has some more armour and a stronger engine to rely on and it is able to brawl on its own with the fast rate of fire. But as previously mentioned on Main armament, the Chi-He retains the same hand-cranked turret with additional armour, slowing down the already mediocre turning time by a slight amount.

Literally on top of armour and engine upgrades, the Chi-He gets an additional pintle point anti-aircraft machine gun, even though the Type 97 7.7 mm has a low clip capacity, it can prove useful for pinning enemy units and even getting hits to down enemy planes.

The best practice for the Chi-He (and other WWII-era Japanese tanks) is to always point forward, the front armour has pre-angled sides, so angling only hurts your pre-angles and weaker side armour. It's not worth trying to get more out of the 50 mm frontal effective protection.

Enemies worth noting:

  • B1 bis / ter: the B1 can easily destroy the Chi-Ha when using both of its guns, but when angling only the 47 mm gun is available, meaning that the Chi-Ha can take some more hits. It is very hard to destroy the Char B1 from a distance, so get as close as possible with the ideal range being no more than 300 m. Aim at their flat hull side, turret side, hull cannon mount or the driving compartment (the near-vertical frontal armour right below the turret). Upon penetrating, the Chi-Ha's 47 mm APHE can knock out several crews, and your quick reload allows you to finish the rest off in time. However if the B1 has folded armour plates on their hull sides then it is a B1 ter, avoid shooting at its sides.
  • M4A3 (105): This low-rank Sherman posts a huge threat to every of its opponents due to its superior armour and destructive firepower. Its armour is overall quite tough to penetrate with your small 47 mm gun, but it can be solved by careful aiming. If the M4 is within 200 m, shoot at the vertical part of its gun mantlet or its side if exposed. One penetration might not kill all the crew, however two are generally enough. If it's up close and hull down, try shooting at its gun barrel to disarm it, but one shot is not guaranteed to destroy the barrel. When the M4 is further than 400 m away, all of your shells will perform poorly at penetrating its armour, so disengage or wait until it gets closer. Remember to not get hit by it, its HEAT is able to knock the Chi-He out with ease.

Pros and cons

Pros:

  • 47 mm cannon can do some decent damage
  • Small profile
  • Gunner supported stabilization, can take accurate shots at low speeds
  • Top-mounted MG
  • Fast reverse speed (2 reverse gears)
  • Fast in forward motion
  • Frontal transmission
  • Awesome gun depression of -15°
  • Fast reloading rate

Cons:

  • Thin side armour means angling front armour could expose weak armour
  • 47 mm gun is so inaccurate, to the point where it can barely be used past 500 meters.
  • Packed 5-men crew can lead to an easy knock out if penetrated
  • 50 mm front armour, poorly angled
  • Big ammo racks in the turret (carry only half-ammo load)
  • Long and narrow hull: hard to turn on the spot

History

Main article: History of the Type 1 Chi-He

Development

The Imperial Japanese Army's main tank, the Type 97 Chi-Ha, was becoming rather outdated by the turn of the decade in 1940. The 30 mm front plate armour was vulnerable to standard anti-tank weaponry and the riveted design post a hazard to the tank crew by spalling. In 1941, work began on modernizing the design up to new industrial standards.[1]

The first step in the modernizing design was to go towards a welded design rather than rivveted. The front glacis plate was also simplified into a large flat 50 mm armour plate rather than the curved one. The increased armour meant an increased weight, so the Japanese added the improved Type 100 diesel engine, capable of pumping out 240 hp to propel the tank. This new tank was accepted as the Type 1 Chi-He.[1]

During the tank's preparation for mass-production, a request by the commander of the 7th Tank Regiment calling for an improved armament on the Type 97 Chi-Ha was received by the Mitsubishi factory. With the Type 1 Chi-He still needing time to enter production levels, let alone the resources needed to manufacture completely new tanks, it was placed on hold and priority was placed on improving the Type 97. This lead to the cheaper method of adapting the Type 97 to using the Type 1 turret with the 47 mm cannon, producing to the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai. This delayed the mass-production of the Type 1 Chi-He until February 1944, resulting in only 170 tanks produced before the end of the war.[2]

Combat usage

Despite its relatively early production life over late-war Japanese tanks and its improved characteristics, the Type 1 Chi-He would see its combat life held in reserves in the Japanese home islands. They would never see use in the battlefield before Japan surrendered in August 1945.

Media

Skins
Videos
Best gun depression discusses the Chi-He at 1:33 - War Thunder Official Channel

See also

Related Development
Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zaloga Steven. Japanese Tanks 1939-1945 Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007
  2. ↑ Zaloga Steven. M4 Sherman vs Type 97 Chi-Ha: The Pacific 1945 Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2012


Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (三菱重工業株式会社)
Light Tanks 
Type 95  Ha-Go · Ha-Go Commander
Medium Tanks 
Type 89  I-Go Ko
Type 97  Chi-Ha · Chi-Ha Kai
Type 1  Chi-He · Chi-He (5th Regiment)
Type 3  Chi-Nu · Chi-Nu II
Type 4  Chi-To · Chi-To Late
Type 5  Chi-Ri II
SPGs 
Chi-Ha Derived  Ho-Ro
Chi-He Derived  Ho-I
Chi-Ri Derived  Ho-Ri Prototype · Ho-Ri Production
Other  Na-To · Ro-Go Exp.
Captured  ␗Chi-Ha · ␗Chi-Ha Kai
Note  Most tank designs would be contracted by the Army Technical Bureau to Mitsubishi
See also  Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. (Post-War)

Japan medium tanks
Type 97  Chi-Ha · Chi-Ha Kai · Chi-Ha Kai TD · Chi-Ha Short Gun
Type 1  Chi-He · Chi-He (5th Regiment) · Ho-I
Type 3  Chi-Nu · Chi-Nu II
Type 4  Chi-To · Chi-To Late
Type 5  Chi-Ri II
Type 61 MBT  ST-A1* · ST-A2* · ST-A3* · Type 61
Type 74 MBT  ST-B2* · Type 74 (C) · Type 74 (E) · Type 74 (F) · Type 74 (G)
Type 90 MBT  Type 90 · Type 90 (B) · Type 90 (B) "Fuji"
Type 10 MBT  TKX (P)* · TKX* · Type 10
Other  Ka-Chi
USA  ▅M4A3 (76) W · ▅M47
  *Prototype

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