Dardo

CM25

CM25

Description

The CM25, officially known as CM25拖式飛彈車 (lit. TOW Missile Vehicle) in ROCMC's description plate during open day, is the missile carrier of ROCMC. The CM25 has to trace back to its hull - CM21; after the Nationalist Government signed contracts to repair US Army's M113 APC in Taiwan Island due to the heavy loss during the Vietnam War, the experiences gained during rebuilding these hulls and previous attempts to built the Project Wancheng (萬乘; lit. 10 thousand vehicles/chariots) prototype vehicles were then used to reverse-engineer a domestic APC using parts from M113. There are variants such as its base model APC, mortar carrier, commander vehicle and the TOW launcher vehicle; although there were plans to built an IFV with GIAT's autocannon, the project was ditched.

Introduced in Update "Raining Fire" as one of the ROCA's tank destroyer, CM25 shared many similarities including its hull design and powertrains, but ROCA decided to weld additional armor plates and polyurethane (PU) chemicals for extra protection; while CM25 replaced the layer with polystyrene (PS) for extra buoyancy as required by ROCMC. The vehicle is rather unprotected due to its aluminum chassis and the extra weight from the additional armor makes it even slower than M113A1 to some extent, utilizing terrain or hiding behind wreckages of vehicles can also make it a useful missile vehicle to take down oncoming enemy vehicles with conventional I-TOW or TOW-2B with overhead attack capabilities.

General info

Survivability and armour

The vehicle profile is a basic rectangle with a slightly sloped front which increases protection from machine gun fire. The front has a hatch, which works as a HESH screen. The main areas of the vehicle to target when attacking is the missile launcher and machine gun to disable its attack capability, or the main vehicle shot to disable it completely.

The CM25 is meant to be a stand-off vehicle due to its role on the battlefield and is not built to be on the front line. Even with the add-on armour, compared to the previous M113A1, the aluminium alloy armour will not stand up to much and will barely stop 12.7 mm machine gun fire when angled or far away. Anything of higher calibre is almost guaranteed to penetrate.

Try to hide as best as you can, or not only the gunner will suffer consequences, but the entirety of the crew as well.

The gunner is exposed outside of the vehicle when directing the launcher and can be hit. Be aware, as the launcher's base, and sometimes even the rangefinder located next to the launcher, can trigger APHE fuse and cause it to explode in front of the gunner's face, the shrapnel then flying back and shredding the virtually nonexistent roof armour, taking out everyone in the middle of the vehicle. Also, since the gunner stands within the opened roof hatch, if a chemical warhead hits the rangefinder, then the payload can enter the vehicle through it and take out the loader as well.

Since the vehicle's armour is very thin, it sometimes does not detonate shells so armour-piercing shells cause less than fatal damage. However, only very high calibre shells with fuses of about 20-22 mm won't detonate, which are very rare at the battle rating, as most shells use 15 mm fuses at this point. The main key here is to avoid being hit at all as if your tank is angled during an attack, the fuses would detonate anyway. The shield on the front can stop HESH from doing any damage at all, but it's not very reliable.

All in all, it's best to just get out of the way of other tanks and sneak around; this is a vehicle of strategy, not brute force.

Armour type:

Armour	Front (Slope angle)	Sides	Rear	Roof
Hull	___ mm	___ mm Top ___ mm Bottom	___ mm	___ - ___ mm
Turret	___ - ___ mm Turret front ___ mm Gun mantlet	___ - ___ mm	___ - ___ mm	___ - ___ mm
Cupola	___ mm	___ mm	___ mm	___ mm

Notes:

Mobility

Game Mode	Max Speed (km/h)		Weight (tons)	Engine power (horsepower)		Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
	Forward	Reverse		Stock	Upgraded	Stock	Upgraded
Arcade				305			__.__
Realistic				190			__.__

Armaments

Main armament

The placement of the weapon is high enough to fire over cover, however, advantages also at times spawn disadvantages and in this case, with the vehicle gunner standing tall outside of the vehicle, he has no protection and can easily be hit, despite the rest of vehicle being concealed.

The launcher has a rather limited arc of fire - 45 degrees in either direction, which isn't compensated by missile's characteristics like in the case of Swingfire or armour like in the case of IT-1. If you want to fire over cover, the best bet is to stay far away from the enemy and cover, or right in front of the cover, however, this still probably won't protect the gunner. The gun depression, at 20 degrees, excels almost every other tank and allows the player to use many surprising positions to attack. Note that the depression is far less when the launch tube is positioned above the machine gun.

BGM-71 TOW ATGM					Turret rotation speed (°/s)					Reloading rate (seconds)
Mode	Capacity	Vertical	Horizontal	Stabilizer	Stock	Upgraded	Full	Expert	Aced	Stock	Full	Expert	Aced
Arcade	10	-20°/+25°	±45°	N/A	26.4	36.6	44.3	49.0	52.1	13.00	11.50	10.60	10.00
Realistic					17.9	21.0	25.5	28.2	30.0

Ammunition

Penetration statistics
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
		10 m	100 m	500 m	1,000 m	1,500 m	2,000 m
I-TOW	ATGM	630	630	630	630	630	630
TOW-2B	ATGM (OTA)	100	100	100	100	100	100

Missile details
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Velocity (m/s)	Range (m)	Projectile mass (kg)	Fuse delay (m)	Fuse sensitivity (mm)	Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg)	Ricochet
								0%	50%	100%
I-TOW	ATGM	296	3,750	19.05	0.05	0.1	2.88	80°	82°	90°

Missile details
Ammunition	Type of warhead	Velocity (m/s)	Range (m)	Projectile mass (kg)	Fuse delay (m)	Fuse sensitivity (mm)	Arming distance (m)	Trigger radius (m)	Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg)	Ricochet
										0%	50%	100%
TOW-2B	ATGM (OTA)	309	3,750	22.59	0.05	0.1	30	3	3.38	80°	82°	90°

Ammo racks

Ammo racks of the CM25

Full ammo	1st rack empty	2nd rack empty	3rd rack empty	4th rack empty	5th rack empty
10	9 (+1)	8 (+2)	7 (+3)	6 (+4)	5 (+5)
6th rack empty	7th rack empty	8th rack empty	9th rack empty	10th rack empty	Visual discrepancy
4 (+6)	3 (+7)	2 (+8)	1 (+9)	0 (+10)	No

Notes:

• The CM25 is only required to have at least 2 missiles to go into battle, unlike the standard 4 ammunition for other vehicles.
• The vehicle has no ready rack.
• It is advised to bring full ammo due to how little ammo the CM25 can carry.

Machine guns

The single 12.7 mm machine gun can be effective when fighting against open-topped or lightly armoured vehicles (eg AUBL/74, Gepard) or to cause some confusion/distraction to the enemy vehicles as the CM25 reloads.

At this battle rating, this vehicle is limited to keeping helicopters from getting too comfy, since they too have thin to no armour, other aircraft should be left to the designated anti-air vehicles. As a last resort, the ATGM can be used.

12.7 mm M2HB
Mount	Capacity (Belt)	Fire rate	Vertical	Horizontal
Pintle	1,000 (200)	577	-10°/+50°	±120°

Usage in battles

The best way one should use this vehicle would be to stay away from the active combat areas, hide, and use the exposed gunner and TOW launcher to your advantage. The exposed launcher allows the vehicle to hide behind solid cover while still being able to fire from over it, giving the enemy a much harder time in spotting and shooting you. Staying away from the combat zones maximises your survivability, in addition to taking advantage of the TOW missiles' extremely long-range, allowing you to pick off targets from beyond the range of conventional rounds.

It is also worth noting the -20 degrees launcher depression as, even though it may not be as impressive as the -30 degrees launcher depression of the M901, it is still very capable of adapting to uneven terrain and firing from behind hills. However, note that the depression angles are severely limited when the launcher is facing the pintle-mounted machine gun, to roughly only -3 degrees. Therefore, you should try to always have the front of the hull facing the direction of the battlefield, to avoid the launcher suddenly jerking up when the machine gun gets into the way, which will also guide the missile upwards (if launched), and therefore miss the target. Horizontal guidance is also limited, and the launcher will stop rotating at ±45 degrees. The best way to counter this drawback will be to play it like other turret-less tank destroyers, like the ISU-122 and the ISU-152, which must rotate the hull to assist with aiming at extreme angles.

Even though the CM25 is mounted with a heavy machine gun, attempting to combat helicopters and planes is not recommended unless the situation is desperate, as doing so will only grab unwanted attention from both the air and ground. Aircraft at this rank are often equipped with HE rockets, only one of which is necessary to destroy your vehicle thanks to the overpressure mechanic, and if not, the vast majority of aircraft-mounted guns will be able to penetrate from any angle.

If you find yourself in a close-quarters situation, the best method of survival will be to use the machine gun to cause some levels of distraction, while attempting to retreat to the nearest cover. Do note that your machine gun does have a relatively impressive penetration of 31 mm at close range, which can allow you to take out lightly armoured targets like the M3 Bradley (in the turret with some luck), AUBL/74, Falcon etc., yet should still be avoided if possible due to these vehicles possessing much better close-quarters capabilities and will have no problem in shredding the CM25.

Enemies worth noting:

• Helicopters e.g. AH-1, UH-1, etc: helicopters are always a great threat to you. Although at the start of the match they cannot equip ATGMs, they are still able to carry lots of deadly rockets, posing a great threat to the CM25's weak hull. When an enemy helicopter is roaming nearby and showering the ground with rockets, the safest option is to stay in cover or be stationary, to make it harder for the helicopter to see you. Your only effective defensive weapon against them is the 12.7 mm MG (unless you are very skilled and can manually guide the ATGM to hit them). Only open fire when the helicopter is extremely near, for example within 400 m. Your MG can only damage light helicopters like the UH-1 but not armoured ones. Continuously spray bullets at it until it starts to turn towards you, and quickly retreat back into cover as any helicopter can easily destroy you with a few rockets.
• M60A1 RISE (P), M60A3 TTS: these tanks are covered with ERA which is designed to counter chemical warheads like your TOW missiles. When the CM25's TOW missile hits them, their ERA always detonates, leaving the tanks themselves unharmed, so it is not recommended to shoot them when their ERA is still present. If they are quite far away, you can choose to break their gun barrels or tracks to make them defenceless or immobile. If they are close enough, you can use your 12.7 mm MG to destroy their ERA first. Do not spray, fire in quick bursts and focus on a few blocks of ERA, as the bullets seem to spread out a lot in a continuous fire which will decrease the damage to the ERA you want to destroy. The MG is rather effective at destroying these modules. Once the ERA is gone, use the TOW to hit the uncovered areas. The most straightforward method is to just fire a missile at them, destroying a bunch of ERA and fire another one at the uncovered area. However, this method will give them more than 10 seconds of reaction time so make sure that you are well concealed and will not get spotted before the next missile is loaded.
• M901: this is a similar vehicle based on the M113 hull, with an interesting and unique TOW launcher. The launcher has 360 degrees horizontal rotation and 30 degrees gun depression meaning it adapts to terrains better than the CM25. Furthermore, its gunner is not exposed which increases its fighting capacity, so you must deal with the M901 carefully. In a battle, your CM25 and the M901 might be at similar spots which are kind of a sniper vs sniper scenario. Do not get hit by it, as your gunner/launcher will detonate its missile and the shrapnel will splash down, knocking out all the crew or causing a hull break. Try to fire first or hide until his attention shifts.

Pros and cons

Pros:

• Can research TOW-2B a whole BR earlier than other ATGM tanks. The missile grants the tank a top-attack ability, which is an incredible advantage when hunting opponents behind obstacles or counter-sniping
• Stock I-TOW missile has decent penetration
• Amazing 20 degrees depression allows easy adaption to rough terrain
• Decent mobility (64 km/h top speed) allows it to get to positions in time, not much slower than common MBTs like the T-55A and M48A1
• Heavy machine gun can take out lightly armoured vehicles and low-flying planes/helicopters
• A extended gunner and launcher allows the vehicle to fire with its whole hull in cover

Cons:

• Fully exposed gunner is very vulnerable to everything
• Thin armour makes it especially vulnerable to autocannons that can shred through the crew and ammo
• While not slow, it can still easily be outrun by fast tanks like the Leopard I and Centauro
• Is a big and soft target for aircraft, even those only armed with MGs
• Cannot fire ATGM on the move, which can be fatal in a close quarter sudden encounter
• Turns rather slowly
• Area of the MG blocks gun depression

History

During the heat of the Vietnam War, Taiwan was one of the major bases for US operations against the North Vietnamese forces; while the M113 APC was an iconic vehicle in the war, it also suffered from heavy losses to the Viet Cong. As such, the US signed an agreement with the Taiwanese government in 1967 to refurbish and repair M113s that were recovered by US forces under the "Third-Nation Overhaul Program" (第三國翻修計劃).

At the time, the Nationalist forces had never built any form of armoured vehicles from scratch, only a few vehicles that were rebuilt from existing parts of US aid vehicles, so the overhaul program was a good chance for the Nationalist forces to learn the flow of APC manufacture and methods to repair M113s. In 1975, after the war was ended with the victory of the Northern forces, the Combined Service Forces (聯合勤務總司令部 or 聯勤 for short) started "Project Wancheng" (萬乘計劃, 萬乘 lit. 10 thousand vehicles) for domestic versions of M113, coded Wancheng 1 to 3; from mortar vehicles to MLRS and even projected to install spare M24 Chaffee turrets onto the chassis of M113. These vehicles, built and assembled by Taiwan Aluminum Corporation (台鋁公司, now China Steel Aluminum Corporation 中鋼鋁業), became the basis of what would be CM21 APC for the Republic of China Army.

The major difference of the later versions CM21 APC to the original M113A1 is additional armour plates on around the hull, which are filled with polyurethane chemicals to absorb bullet up to 5.56 mm NATO rounds; while it might be a little more protected than M113A1, this also cost some of its mobility due to the weight added from such armour plates.

CM25 is one of the five major variants of the CM21 APC, armed with US-made BGM-71 TOW missiles, the polyurethane forms were also replaced by polystyrene for the amphibious needs of the ROCMC; these around 30 vehicles became heavy weaponry exclusively for the Marine Corps anti-tank companies, serving as their mobile AT platform along with its American cousin M113A1 (TOW) in view of possible Mainland China landing operations.

Devblog

Since the 1960's, the armed forces in Taiwan have operated with a large fleet of American-made M113 APCs spanning several variants. Thoroughly pleased with the vehicle's performance and reliability, Taiwan decided to develop its own APC, inspired by the proven M113's design.

In 1979, the first prototype of what would become the CM21 series of APCs was built and subsequently underwent testing. Once some improvements were made, the CM21 series went into mass production and officially entered service in 1982. By the time the production ceased in 1999, some 1,200 units of the CM21 series of APCs were built.

In 1987, the basic CM21 design was modified to allow the vehicle to conduct anti-tank duties, similar to the M113A1 TOW already in service at the time. In a similar manner as the M113, the vehicle was fitted with a single TOW launcher and received the new designation CM25.

By 2019, all M113A1 APCs among the ranks of the Taiwanese armed forces were replaced by newer vehicles. However, the CM21 series of APCs, including the CM25, continue serving in the present.

Media

Skins

• Skins and camouflages for the CM25 from live.warthunder.com.

Images

• CM25 Devblog Images
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See also

Related development

• M113 (Family)

External links

• [Devblog] CM25: Armor Reaper

Ordnance Research Development Center, ROCA (陸軍兵工整備發展中心)
Light tanks	M41D · M64
Medium tanks	CM11
Tank destroyers	CM25

China tank destroyers
PLA
Gun vehicles	PLZ83 · PLZ83-130 · PLZ05 · PTZ89
Missile vehicles	AFT09
ROC
Missile vehicles	CM25
USA
Gun vehicles	␗M8 HMC · LVT(A)(4) (ZiS-2) · ␗M10 GMC · ␗M36 GMC
Missile vehicles	␗M113A1 (TOW)
USSR
Gun vehicles	␗SU-76M · ␗ISU-152 · ␗ISU-122 · ␗SU-100