T20 - Revision history

U38088265: /* Ammunition */ Updated

2024-02-10T13:07:19Z

‎Ammunition: Updated

U74396666: New Description Project - USA Priority: Medium Tank T20

2023-10-11T04:55:53Z

New Description Project - USA Priority: Medium Tank T20

U138446251: /* Mobility */ the transmission no longer allows it to back up at the same speed as its maximum

2023-09-24T16:30:37Z

‎Mobility: the transmission no longer allows it to back up at the same speed as its maximum

U44629479: /* Ammunition */ Converted to transclusion

2023-01-30T21:33:08Z

‎Ammunition: Converted to transclusion

U44629479: /* Media */ Removed dead video

2023-01-10T11:46:20Z

‎Media: Removed dead video

U44629479: Edits

2022-10-08T20:04:39Z

Edits

U44629479: /* Ammunition */ Updated data for the shells

2022-09-29T13:02:06Z

‎Ammunition: Updated data for the shells

U28580205: /* Pros and cons */

2022-08-11T20:13:07Z

‎Pros and cons

U97916902: /* Pros and cons */

2022-08-11T09:47:16Z

‎Pros and cons

U44629479: Edits

2022-07-04T21:05:15Z

Edits

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 == Description ==
 <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
-The '''Medium Tank T20''' was developed by the U.S. Army during World War II to be the replacement of the [[M4 Sherman (Family)|Medium Tank M4 (Sherman) family]]. In July 1943, the Ordnance Department suggested that the 76 mm M1 tank gun armed T23E3 and T20E3 be standardized as the M27 and M27B1. The request, however, was denied, and neither design was ever mass-produced. The U.S. Army did not believe it was necessary to discontinue existing tank production for a vehicle for which there was no immediate need, and the adoption of the 76 mm M1 tank gun was strongly opposed by the U.S. Army. Eventually, various evolutions of the T20 core design resulted in the [[M26 (Family)|M26 Pershing]].
+The '''Medium Tank T20''' was developed by the U.S. Army during World War II to be the replacement of the [[M4 Sherman (Family)|Medium Tank M4 (Sherman) family]]. In July 1943, the Ordnance Department suggested that the 76 mm M1 tank gun armed T23E3 and T20E3 be standardized as the M27 and M27B1. The request, however, was denied, and neither design was ever mass-produced. The U.S. Army did not believe it was necessary to discontinue existing tank production for a vehicle for which there was no immediate need, and the adoption of the 76 mm M1 tank gun was strongly opposed by the U.S. Army. Eventually, various evolutions of the T20 core design resulted in the [[M26 (Family)|M26 Pershing]].
 Introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]], the T20 can be utilized offensively by taking advantage of its mobility. The T20 would work well in areas with a lot of cover. Due to the fragility of its armour, the T20 should not be used alone; thus, it is important to engage enemies together with other allies for additional firepower and protection. In general, it should be used like a heavier [[M18 Hellcat (Family)|M18 Hellcat]], flanking enemies early in the battle and retreating as soon as the situation becomes complicated. With its incredibly fast reverse speed, the T20 allows players to quickly retreat after firing. It is critical that you reposition yourself from time to time to maintain an element of surprise for the enemy.
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 ==== Ammunition ====
-{{:M1 (76 mm)/Ammunition|M79 shot, M42A1 shell, M62 shell}}
+{{:M1 (76 mm)/Ammunition|M79 shot, M42A1 shell, M62 shell, M93 shot}}
 ==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 ! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
 |-
-| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -10°/+30° || ±180°
+| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 575 || -10°/+30° || ±180°
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 ! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
 |-
-| Coaxial || 5,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
+| Coaxial || 5,000 (250) || 500 || - || -
 |-
 |}

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 == Description ==
 <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the ground vehicle in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
-The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. Intended as a replacement for the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] tank, it features a rear transmission that gives it a much lower profile than the Sherman series, as well as the [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm M1 gun]] for additional anti-tank firepower.
+The '''Medium Tank T20''' was developed by the U.S. Army during World War II to be the replacement of the [[M4 Sherman (Family)|Medium Tank M4 (Sherman) family]]. In July 1943, the Ordnance Department suggested that the 76 mm M1 tank gun armed T23E3 and T20E3 be standardized as the M27 and M27B1. The request, however, was denied, and neither design was ever mass-produced. The U.S. Army did not believe it was necessary to discontinue existing tank production for a vehicle for which there was no immediate need, and the adoption of the 76 mm M1 tank gun was strongly opposed by the U.S. Army. Eventually, various evolutions of the T20 core design resulted in the [[M26 (Family)|M26 Pershing]].
-The T20 is a more mobile and smaller vehicle platform than the Sherman series. A vehicle with a similar playstyle to the T20 would be the [[T25]], not surprising considering the T25 is an upgrade of the T20 prototype models.
+Introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]], the T20 can be utilized offensively by taking advantage of its mobility. The T20 would work well in areas with a lot of cover. Due to the fragility of its armour, the T20 should not be used alone; thus, it is important to engage enemies together with other allies for additional firepower and protection. In general, it should be used like a heavier [[M18 Hellcat (Family)|M18 Hellcat]], flanking enemies early in the battle and retreating as soon as the situation becomes complicated. With its incredibly fast reverse speed, the T20 allows players to quickly retreat after firing. It is critical that you reposition yourself from time to time to maintain an element of surprise for the enemy.
 == General info ==

@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 {{tankMobility|abMinHp=775|rbMinHp=442}}
-The T20's greatest strength lays in its mobility. The forward and reverse speeds are nearly the same due to the transmission, so retreating from cover after exposing itself to fire is easy and quick.
+The T20's greatest strength lays in its mobility. The reverse speed is significantly better than most vehicles at this BR, allowing it to back out of difficult situations if need be.
 === Modifications and economy ===

@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 ==== Ammunition ====
-{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
+{{:M1 (76 mm)/Ammunition|M79 shot, M42A1 shell, M62 shell}}
 ==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

@@ Line 232: / Line 232: @@
 ;Videos
-{{Youtube-gallery|Lec0mwCN81I|'''The Shooting Range #84''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:53 discusses the T20.|9_vjLSDCygA|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}
+{{Youtube-gallery|Lec0mwCN81I|'''The Shooting Range #84''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:53 discusses the T20.}}
 == See also ==

@@ Line 203: / Line 203: @@
 ===Development===
-When the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] went into production in October 1941, it was considered one of the best Allied tanks of the time period. However, the observers in the North African Campaign noticed a trend in German tank development. Tanks like the [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]] were getting better frontal armour and a [[KwK39 (50 mm)|longer 5 cm cannon]], and the same happened with the [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IV]] when it received the [[KwK40 (75 mm)|long 7.5 cm cannon]] as its main armament. These two tanks' improvements indicated that overtime, the Sherman itself may find itself on the shorter end of the stick, and thus plans for its successor started in Spring of 1942.<ref name="PershingHunnicutt">Hunnicutt, R.P. ''Pershing: A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series'' U.S.A.: Feist Publications, 1971</ref>
+When the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] went into production in October 1941, it was considered one of the best Allied tanks of the time period. However, the observers in the North African Campaign noticed a trend in German tank development. Tanks like the [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]] were getting better frontal armour and a [[KwK39 (50 mm)|longer 5 cm cannon]], and the same happened with the [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IV]] when it received the [[KwK40 L43 (75 mm)|long 7.5 cm cannon]] as its main armament. These two tanks' improvements indicated that overtime, the Sherman itself may find itself on the shorter end of the stick, and thus plans for its successor started in Spring of 1942.<ref name="PershingHunnicutt">Hunnicutt, R.P. ''Pershing: A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series'' U.S.A.: Feist Publications, 1971</ref>
 The new tank was to have superior aspects of firepower, mobility, and armour over the M4 Sherman and German counterparts, as well as the incorporation of lessons learned from the tank fighting against German forces. The new tank was one of the more technologically advanced American tanks by attempting to meet these requirements. The layout on the tank was similar as the Sherman's, with two in the front driving compartment and three in a turret. The surface area of the tank was reduced by utilizing a box design for the hull rather than sponsons, which led to equipment being stored outside the tank rather than inside it as in the M4. The tank's size was further reduced by having the transmission design be placed in the rear of the tank by the engine rather than in the front, leading to the removal of the power shaft needed to connect the front transmission on the M4 to its engine. This arrangement led to the tank having a much smaller profile than the M4. To further improve the tank, it was decided to give the tank a high-velocity [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm gun]]. In May 1942, the first mock-up of the tank was produced, showing all its advantages over M4 Medium while keeping the same weight. Many of the observers present, including General Devers, liked the design and thus Ordnance Department continued forth with its development, designating the base vehicle as the '''T20'''.<ref name="PershingHunnicutt" />

@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 ! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
 |-
-| M62 shell || APCBC || 149 || 146 || 133 || 119 || 106 || 95
+| M79 shot || AP || 134 || 132 || 121 || 109 || 99 || 89
 |-
 | M42A1 shell || HE || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7
 |-
-| M79 shot || AP || 134 || 132 || 121 || 109 || 99 || 89
+| M62 shell || APCBC || 149 || 146 || 133 || 119 || 106 || 95
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 ! rowspan="2" | Type of<br>warhead
 ! rowspan="2" | Velocity<br>(m/s)
-! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>Mass (kg)
+! rowspan="2" | Projectile<br>mass (kg)
 ! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay<br>(m)
 ! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity<br>(mm)
-! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)
+! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass<br>(TNT equivalent) (g)
 ! colspan="3" | Ricochet
 |-
 ! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
 |-
-| M62 shell || APCBC || 792 || 7 || 1.2 || 14 || 63.7 || 48° || 63° || 71°
+| M79 shot || AP || 792 || 6.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
 |-
-| M42A1 shell || HE || 800 || 5.84 || 0 || 0.1 || 390 || 79° || 80° || 81°
+| M42A1 shell || HE || 823 || 5.84 || 0 || 0.1 || 390 || 79° || 80° || 81°
 |-
-| M79 shot || AP || 792 || 6.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
+| M62 shell || APCBC || 792 || 7 || 1.2 || 14 || 63.7 || 48° || 63° || 71°
 |-
 |}

@@ Line 189: / Line 189: @@
 * Sloped 63.5 mm front hull armour is surprisingly resistant and often ricochets shots
 * Rear transmission and engine may help absorb rear shots to protect crew
-* RP and SL boost from premium status which is great for grinding through Rank III - IV vehicles
+* RP and SL boost from premium status, which is great for grinding through Rank III - IV vehicles
 '''Cons:'''
@@ Line 197: / Line 197: @@
 * Small internal volume means that one shot can easily cripple or completely knock out the crew and/or modules
 * Front ammo rack between driver & co-driver doesn't empty until no ammo is left
-* The 76mm M1 cannon is lacking in penetration power, and is missing the APCR round found on other 76mm M1 equipped vehicles found at similar BRs
+* The 76mm M1 cannon is lacking in penetration power, and is missing the APCR round found on other 76 mm M1 equipped vehicles that are contemporaneous with the T20
 == History ==

@@ Line 182: / Line 182: @@
 '''Pros:'''
-* 76 mm gun, reloads fast, available ammunition is good for most foes
+* 76 mm M1 cannon reloads fast and does good post-penetration damage
-* Smaller profile, smaller target
+* Smaller and lower profile than average; makes for a small target
 * Fast turret traverse rate
-* Good gun elevation/depression combo
+* Good gun elevation and depression
-* Very mobile and fast in forward and reverse
+* Very mobile; fast both in forward and reverse
-* Sloped 63.5 mm front hull armour is resistant to most glancing shot, and can frequently ricochet when angled
+* Sloped 63.5 mm front hull armour is surprisingly resistant and often ricochets shots
 * Rear transmission and engine may help absorb rear shots to protect crew
-* RP and SL boost from premium status, great for leveling through Rank III and IV vehicles
+* RP and SL boost from premium status which is great for grinding through Rank III - IV vehicles
 '''Cons:'''
-* Armour can be easily penetrated
+* Frontal armor, though rather resistant, is unreliable and can still fairly easily be penetrated, especially by guns with very high penetration commonly seen in uptiers
-* Small internal volume, one shot can easily knock out entire crew
+* Side and rear armor is weak
 * Front ammo rack between driver & co-driver doesn't empty until no ammo is left
-* The 76 mm gun is quite inadequate for frontal engagements, must aim for weak spots
+* The 76mm M1 cannon is lacking in penetration power, and is missing the APCR round found on other 76mm M1 equipped vehicles found at similar BRs
 == History ==
@@ Line 228: / Line 228: @@
 ;Skins
 * [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_t20 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
@@ Line 239: / Line 240: @@
 ;Related development
 * [[M26 (Family)]]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. Intended as a replacement for the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] tank, it features a rear transmission that gives it a much lower profile than the Sherman series, as well as the [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm M1 gun]] for additional anti-tank firepower.
-The T20 is a more mobile and smaller vehicle platform than the Sherman series. A vehicle with a similar play style to the T20 would be the [[T25]], not surprising considering the T25 is an upgrade of the T20 prototype models.
+The T20 is a more mobile and smaller vehicle platform than the Sherman series. A vehicle with a similar playstyle to the T20 would be the [[T25]], not surprising considering the T25 is an upgrade of the T20 prototype models.
 == General info ==
@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 {{main|M1 (76 mm)}}
-Armed with the 76 mm M1 gun, the T20's armament can do sterling performances against vehicles of its caliber, so while the T20 itself is easy to take out, it can destroy the enemy the same if it can get the first penetrating shot off first. The front placement of the turret also allows the T20 to expose the minimum amount of its body when it comes out to fire.
+Armed with the 76 mm M1 gun, the T20's armament can do sterling performances against vehicles of its calibre, so while the T20 itself is easy to take out, it can destroy the enemy the same if it can get the first penetrating shot off first. The front placement of the turret also allows the T20 to expose the minimum amount of its body when it comes out to fire.
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
@@ Line 169: / Line 169: @@
 ===Other considerations===
-Most medium tanks that the T20 will meet in battle can be penetrated through their front armor, though flanking will be more effective when facing more heavily-armored opponents in an uptier such as later [[Panther tank (Family)|Panther]] variants, the [[T-44]], and the [[Strv 81]], etc.
+Most medium tanks that the T20 will meet in battle can be penetrated through their front armour, though flanking will be more effective when facing more heavily-armoured opponents in an uptier such as later [[Panther tank (Family)|Panther]] variants, the [[T-44]], and the [[Strv 81]], etc.
 Most heavy tanks and some case-mate tank destroyers such as the [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]], the [[Tiger II (Family)|Tiger II]], the [[Jagdpanther]] and the [[Jagdtiger]] will be almost impossible to defeat from the front due to their thick armour. Thus, it is necessary to flank such opponents in order to be able to easily destroy them from the side and rear.
@@ Line 197: / Line 197: @@
 * Small internal volume, one shot can easily knock out entire crew
 * Front ammo rack between driver & co-driver doesn't empty until no ammo is left
-* The 76mm gun is quite inadequate for frontal engagements, must aim for weakspots.
+* The 76 mm gun is quite inadequate for frontal engagements, must aim for weak spots
 == History ==
@@ Line 203: / Line 203: @@
 ===Development===
-When the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] went into production in October 1941, it was considered one of the best Allied tanks of the time period. However, the observers in the North African Campaign noticed a trend in German tank development. Tanks like the [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]] were getting better frontal armour and a [[KwK 39 (50 mm)|longer 5 cm cannon]], and the same happened with the [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IV]] when it received the [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|long 7.5 cm cannon]] as its main armament. These two tanks' improvements indicated that overtime, the Sherman itself may find itself on the shorter end of the stick, and thus plans for its successor started in Spring of 1942.<ref name="PershingHunnicutt">Hunnicutt, R.P. ''Pershing: A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series'' U.S.A.: Feist Publications, 1971</ref>
+When the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] went into production in October 1941, it was considered one of the best Allied tanks of the time period. However, the observers in the North African Campaign noticed a trend in German tank development. Tanks like the [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]] were getting better frontal armour and a [[KwK39 (50 mm)|longer 5 cm cannon]], and the same happened with the [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IV]] when it received the [[KwK40 (75 mm)|long 7.5 cm cannon]] as its main armament. These two tanks' improvements indicated that overtime, the Sherman itself may find itself on the shorter end of the stick, and thus plans for its successor started in Spring of 1942.<ref name="PershingHunnicutt">Hunnicutt, R.P. ''Pershing: A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series'' U.S.A.: Feist Publications, 1971</ref>
 The new tank was to have superior aspects of firepower, mobility, and armour over the M4 Sherman and German counterparts, as well as the incorporation of lessons learned from the tank fighting against German forces. The new tank was one of the more technologically advanced American tanks by attempting to meet these requirements. The layout on the tank was similar as the Sherman's, with two in the front driving compartment and three in a turret. The surface area of the tank was reduced by utilizing a box design for the hull rather than sponsons, which led to equipment being stored outside the tank rather than inside it as in the M4. The tank's size was further reduced by having the transmission design be placed in the rear of the tank by the engine rather than in the front, leading to the removal of the power shaft needed to connect the front transmission on the M4 to its engine. This arrangement led to the tank having a much smaller profile than the M4. To further improve the tank, it was decided to give the tank a high-velocity [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm gun]]. In May 1942, the first mock-up of the tank was produced, showing all its advantages over M4 Medium while keeping the same weight. Many of the observers present, including General Devers, liked the design and thus Ordnance Department continued forth with its development, designating the base vehicle as the '''T20'''.<ref name="PershingHunnicutt" />
@@ Line 212: / Line 212: @@
 Another tried component was the suspension system on the T20 designs. The T20 and T22 produced in May and June 1943 respectively had an early variant of the horizontal-volute suspension system (HVSS), which would see itself on the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4 Sherman]] in the future (The first T23 would have the standard vertical-volute suspension system (VVSS) already used on the Sherman). Tests on the tanks progressed until Armored Force recommended the usage of a torsion bar suspension system on the tanks with wider tracks. This led to the T20E3 tank, the second pilot model for the T20, to be produced in July 1943 with said torsion bar suspension, though it would not be the only T20 series tank that would have the specific suspension.<ref name="PershingHunnicutt" />
-Testings with the tank in general went without much fanfare. The T20's transmission proved to be unreliable with oil leaks and overheating, but testings continued until February 1944 (T20E3 until December) when the T20 was dropped in favor of other promising designs. The T22 also encountered trouble in the transmission and engine after driving 900 miles, the continued problems also causing the T22 to be dropped in February 1944. The T22E1 design with the 75 mm auto-loading gun arrived for tests in November 1943, and though the auto-loader worked with a 20 round per minute fire rate, the insufficiency of the 75 mm gun and the questionable reliability of the auto-loader had it dropped in February 1944. Of the designs, the T23 is the one that proved promising enough for an order of 250 tanks to be placed in May 1943.<ref name="PershingHunnicutt" />
+Testings with the tank in general went without much fanfare. The T20's transmission proved to be unreliable with oil leaks and overheating, but testings continued until February 1944 (T20E3 until December) when the T20 was dropped in favor of other promising designs. The T22 also encountered trouble in the transmission and engine after driving 900 miles, the continued problems also causing the T22 to be dropped in February 1944. The T22E1 design with the 75 mm autoloading gun arrived for tests in November 1943, and though the autoloader worked with a 20 round per minute fire rate, the insufficiency of the 75 mm gun and the questionable reliability of the autoloader had it dropped in February 1944. Of the designs, the T23 is the one that proved promising enough for an order of 250 tanks to be placed in May 1943.<ref name="PershingHunnicutt" />
 ===T23===