Su-27 - Revision history

U38088265: Undo revision 192392 by U38088265 (talk)

2024-09-13T07:38:40Z

Undo revision 192392 by U38088265 (talk)

U38088265 at 07:38, 13 September 2024

2024-09-13T07:38:19Z

U38088265: Test move references

2024-09-13T07:35:17Z

Test move references

U8209876: Undo revision 192348 by U8209876 (talk)

2024-09-12T17:52:15Z

Undo revision 192348 by U8209876 (talk)

U8209876: /* Operational Service outside the former eastern bloc */ External Links: Fixed reference list

2024-09-12T17:50:07Z

‎Operational Service outside the former eastern bloc: External Links: Fixed reference list

U8209876: Undo revision 192340 by U8209876 (talk)

2024-09-12T17:47:55Z

Undo revision 192340 by U8209876 (talk)

U8209876: /* History */ Moved reference list to correct area

2024-09-12T15:27:50Z

‎History: Moved reference list to correct area

U8209876: /* History */ Added sources, moved devblog section

2024-09-12T15:25:06Z

‎History: Added sources, moved devblog section

U8209876: /* History */ Added detailed history section

2024-09-12T15:11:45Z

‎History: Added detailed history section

U38088265: /* Suspended armament */

2024-08-23T08:19:55Z

‎Suspended armament

@@ Line 282: / Line 282: @@
 === Early Development ===
-The Su-27 traces its roots to the T-10 developmental prototype designed by Sukhoi from 1969. The Sukhoi design bureau had won the design contract for a new frontline fighter-interceptor for the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) to replace the Tu-128, Yak-28P and Su-15.  The new design had to be superior to future foreign fighters, most notably the US "FX" programme which later became the [[F-15 (Family)|F-15 Eagle]]. This programme was called "PFI" ''Perspektivniy Frontovoiy Istrebitel (''Perspective Frontline fighter). Furthermore, it also had to be able to dominate in a dogfight, exceed Mach 2 and be able to search and engage aircraft and cruise missiles from long range. The PFI programme was eventually split up into two; the "LPFI" (''Lyogkyi PFI'', Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (''Tyazholyi PFI'', Heavy PFI). The former was assigned to Mikoyan-Gurievich, resulting in the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29.]] Sukhoi took on the TPFI instead. The new plane was laid out to be large, with a large fuel capacity and high thrust to be able to exceed a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1:1. It had a blended wing-body layout just like the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29]], longitudinal instability (as a first in the USSR, and characteristic of many 4th Generation aircraft) and a full fly-by-wire system. By 1975, information on the F-15 became available. It was found via computer evaluation that Sukhoi's current T-10 design did not meet the requirements and a new fresh start was ordered. Ready on the 20th of May 1977, the new T-10-1, designated Flanker-A by NATO, was test-flown for the first time by Vladimir S. Ilyushin. The T-10-1 was used as an aerodynamic testbed for subsequent production variants. It is distinct from production batches in several key areas: The T-10 has a different forward fuselage with the front landing gear installed much further forward and a thinner, shorter radome. Most notably, the T-10's wingtips are curved (Gothic shape, or Küchemann-tip) rather than the production Su-27's more conventional design. In 1979, after a series of further prototypes, testbeds and tragically fatal crashes, the aircraft was accepted for further trials. With a completely redesigned wing which gave access to missile rail pylons or even the "Sorbtsiya" Electronic Warfare pod on the wingtips, evaluation of the new aircraft continued. Prototype T-10-15, also called T-10S-3 evolved into the definitive configuration that entered operational service in 1984/85.
+The Su-27 traces its roots to the T-10 developmental prototype designed by Sukhoi from 1969. The Sukhoi design bureau had won the design contract for a new frontline fighter-interceptor for the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) to replace the Tu-128, Yak-28P and Su-15.  The new design had to be superior to future foreign fighters, most notably the US "FX" programme which later became the [[F-15 (Family)|F-15 Eagle]]. This programme was called "PFI" ''Perspektivniy Frontovoiy Istrebitel (''Perspective Frontline fighter). Furthermore, it also had to be able to dominate in a dogfight, exceed Mach 2 and be able to search and engage aircraft and cruise missiles from long range. The PFI programme was eventually split up into two; the "LPFI" (''Lyogkyi PFI'', Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (''Tyazholyi PFI'', Heavy PFI). The former was assigned to Mikoyan-Gurievich, resulting in the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29.]] Sukhoi took on the TPFI instead. The new plane was laid out to be large, with a large fuel capacity and high thrust to be able to exceed a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1:1. It had a blended wing-body layout just like the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29]], longitudinal instability (as a first in the USSR, and characteristic of many 4th Generation aircraft) and a full fly-by-wire system. By 1975, information on the F-15 became available. It was found via computer evaluation that Sukhoi's current T-10 design did not meet the requirements and a new fresh start was ordered. Ready on the 20th of May 1977, the new T-10-1, designated Flanker-A by NATO, was test-flown for the first time by Vladimir S. Ilyushin. The T-10-1 was used as an aerodynamic testbed for subsequent production variants. It is distinct from production batches in several key areas: The T-10 has a different forward fuselage with the front landing gear installed much further forward and a thinner, shorter radome. Most notably, the T-10's wingtips are curved (Gothic shape, or Küchemann-tip) rather than the production Su-27's more conventional design. In 1979, after a series of further prototypes, testbeds and tragically fatal crashes, the aircraft was accepted for further trials. With a completely redesigned wing which gave access to missile rail pylons or even the "Sorbtsiya" Electronic Warfare pod on the wingtips, evaluation of the new aircraft continued. Prototype T-10-15, also called T-10S-3 evolved into the definitive configuration that entered operational service in 1984/85.<ref name=":0">Kopp, Carlo. ''PLA-AF and PLA-N Flanker variants.'' Airpower Australia, 2012</ref><ref>Gunston, Bill. ''The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft,'' Osprey Publishing Ltd. 2000</ref><ref>Skrynnikov, Sergey. ''Su-27 Flanker.'' Concord Publications, 1993</ref>
 === Deployment ===
-Manufacturing difficulties at Komsomolsk-na-Amure Aviation Plant (KnAAPO) in the Russian far east kept the Su-27 from appearing in considerable numbers until 1990. The trainer version of the Su-27, the two-seat Su-27UB (''Uchyobno boevoy'', "Combat Trainer") formed the basis for the multirole Su-30 and its many derivatives. The Su-27 was also adapted for naval use, designated Su-27K (K for ''Korabelniy'' "shipborne") (NATO designation "Flanker-D). This variant of the Su-27 added canards to the front fuselage, an arresting hook and carrier take-off and landing avionics in addition to a retractable refueling probe. It was test flown for the first time by famous Sukhoi test pilot Viktor Pugachev in November 1989 onboard the carrier ''Tbilisi'' (now ''Admiral Kuznetsov).'' The Su-27K would be redesignated as Su-33 after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The naval trainer version, the Su-27KUB, had the pilots sit side-by-side and served as the basis for the conceptual replacement of the [[Su-24M|Su-24]] for the Soviet Air Force, which eventually became the Su-34 "Fullback".
+Manufacturing difficulties at Komsomolsk-na-Amure Aviation Plant (KnAAPO) in the Russian far east kept the Su-27 from appearing in considerable numbers until 1990. The trainer version of the Su-27, the two-seat Su-27UB (''Uchyobno boevoy'', "Combat Trainer") formed the basis for the multirole Su-30 and its many derivatives. The Su-27 was also adapted for naval use, designated Su-27K (K for ''Korabelniy'' "shipborne") (NATO designation "Flanker-D). This variant of the Su-27 added canards to the front fuselage, an arresting hook and carrier take-off and landing avionics in addition to a retractable refueling probe. It was test flown for the first time by famous Sukhoi test pilot Viktor Pugachev in November 1989 onboard the carrier ''Tbilisi'' (now ''Admiral Kuznetsov).'' The Su-27K would be redesignated as Su-33 after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The naval trainer version, the Su-27KUB, had the pilots sit side-by-side and served as the basis for the conceptual replacement of the [[Su-24M|Su-24]] for the Soviet Air Force, which eventually became the Su-34 "Fullback".<ref>Kopp, Carlo. ''Sukhoi Su-34 Fullback, Russia's new heavy strike fighter,'' Airpower Australia, 2012</ref>
 === Operational Service ===
@@ Line 331: / Line 331: @@
 * [[wt:en/news/8652-development-su-27-feisty-flanker-en|[Development] Su-27: Feisty Flanker!]]
-==== References ====
+=== References ===
 <references />{{AirManufacturer Sukhoi}}
 {{USSR jet aircraft}}

@@ Line 282: / Line 282: @@
 === Early Development ===
-The Su-27 traces its roots to the T-10 developmental prototype designed by Sukhoi from 1969. The Sukhoi design bureau had won the design contract for a new frontline fighter-interceptor for the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) to replace the Tu-128, Yak-28P and Su-15.  The new design had to be superior to future foreign fighters, most notably the US "FX" programme which later became the [[F-15 (Family)|F-15 Eagle]]. This programme was called "PFI" ''Perspektivniy Frontovoiy Istrebitel (''Perspective Frontline fighter). Furthermore, it also had to be able to dominate in a dogfight, exceed Mach 2 and be able to search and engage aircraft and cruise missiles from long range. The PFI programme was eventually split up into two; the "LPFI" (''Lyogkyi PFI'', Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (''Tyazholyi PFI'', Heavy PFI). The former was assigned to Mikoyan-Gurievich, resulting in the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29.]] Sukhoi took on the TPFI instead. The new plane was laid out to be large, with a large fuel capacity and high thrust to be able to exceed a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1:1. It had a blended wing-body layout just like the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29]], longitudinal instability (as a first in the USSR, and characteristic of many 4th Generation aircraft) and a full fly-by-wire system. By 1975, information on the F-15 became available. It was found via computer evaluation that Sukhoi's current T-10 design did not meet the requirements and a new fresh start was ordered. Ready on the 20th of May 1977, the new T-10-1, designated Flanker-A by NATO, was test-flown for the first time by Vladimir S. Ilyushin. The T-10-1 was used as an aerodynamic testbed for subsequent production variants. It is distinct from production batches in several key areas: The T-10 has a different forward fuselage with the front landing gear installed much further forward and a thinner, shorter radome. Most notably, the T-10's wingtips are curved (Gothic shape, or Küchemann-tip) rather than the production Su-27's more conventional design. In 1979, after a series of further prototypes, testbeds and tragically fatal crashes, the aircraft was accepted for further trials. With a completely redesigned wing which gave access to missile rail pylons or even the "Sorbtsiya" Electronic Warfare pod on the wingtips, evaluation of the new aircraft continued. Prototype T-10-15, also called T-10S-3 evolved into the definitive configuration that entered operational service in 1984/85.<ref name=":0">Kopp, Carlo. ''PLA-AF and PLA-N Flanker variants.'' Airpower Australia, 2012</ref><ref>Gunston, Bill. ''The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft,'' Osprey Publishing Ltd. 2000</ref><ref>Skrynnikov, Sergey. ''Su-27 Flanker.'' Concord Publications, 1993</ref>
+The Su-27 traces its roots to the T-10 developmental prototype designed by Sukhoi from 1969. The Sukhoi design bureau had won the design contract for a new frontline fighter-interceptor for the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) to replace the Tu-128, Yak-28P and Su-15.  The new design had to be superior to future foreign fighters, most notably the US "FX" programme which later became the [[F-15 (Family)|F-15 Eagle]]. This programme was called "PFI" ''Perspektivniy Frontovoiy Istrebitel (''Perspective Frontline fighter). Furthermore, it also had to be able to dominate in a dogfight, exceed Mach 2 and be able to search and engage aircraft and cruise missiles from long range. The PFI programme was eventually split up into two; the "LPFI" (''Lyogkyi PFI'', Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (''Tyazholyi PFI'', Heavy PFI). The former was assigned to Mikoyan-Gurievich, resulting in the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29.]] Sukhoi took on the TPFI instead. The new plane was laid out to be large, with a large fuel capacity and high thrust to be able to exceed a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1:1. It had a blended wing-body layout just like the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29]], longitudinal instability (as a first in the USSR, and characteristic of many 4th Generation aircraft) and a full fly-by-wire system. By 1975, information on the F-15 became available. It was found via computer evaluation that Sukhoi's current T-10 design did not meet the requirements and a new fresh start was ordered. Ready on the 20th of May 1977, the new T-10-1, designated Flanker-A by NATO, was test-flown for the first time by Vladimir S. Ilyushin. The T-10-1 was used as an aerodynamic testbed for subsequent production variants. It is distinct from production batches in several key areas: The T-10 has a different forward fuselage with the front landing gear installed much further forward and a thinner, shorter radome. Most notably, the T-10's wingtips are curved (Gothic shape, or Küchemann-tip) rather than the production Su-27's more conventional design. In 1979, after a series of further prototypes, testbeds and tragically fatal crashes, the aircraft was accepted for further trials. With a completely redesigned wing which gave access to missile rail pylons or even the "Sorbtsiya" Electronic Warfare pod on the wingtips, evaluation of the new aircraft continued. Prototype T-10-15, also called T-10S-3 evolved into the definitive configuration that entered operational service in 1984/85.
 === Deployment ===
-Manufacturing difficulties at Komsomolsk-na-Amure Aviation Plant (KnAAPO) in the Russian far east kept the Su-27 from appearing in considerable numbers until 1990. The trainer version of the Su-27, the two-seat Su-27UB (''Uchyobno boevoy'', "Combat Trainer") formed the basis for the multirole Su-30 and its many derivatives. The Su-27 was also adapted for naval use, designated Su-27K (K for ''Korabelniy'' "shipborne") (NATO designation "Flanker-D). This variant of the Su-27 added canards to the front fuselage, an arresting hook and carrier take-off and landing avionics in addition to a retractable refueling probe. It was test flown for the first time by famous Sukhoi test pilot Viktor Pugachev in November 1989 onboard the carrier ''Tbilisi'' (now ''Admiral Kuznetsov).'' The Su-27K would be redesignated as Su-33 after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The naval trainer version, the Su-27KUB, had the pilots sit side-by-side and served as the basis for the conceptual replacement of the [[Su-24M|Su-24]] for the Soviet Air Force, which eventually became the Su-34 "Fullback".<ref>Kopp, Carlo. ''Sukhoi Su-34 Fullback, Russia's new heavy strike fighter,'' Airpower Australia, 2012</ref>
+Manufacturing difficulties at Komsomolsk-na-Amure Aviation Plant (KnAAPO) in the Russian far east kept the Su-27 from appearing in considerable numbers until 1990. The trainer version of the Su-27, the two-seat Su-27UB (''Uchyobno boevoy'', "Combat Trainer") formed the basis for the multirole Su-30 and its many derivatives. The Su-27 was also adapted for naval use, designated Su-27K (K for ''Korabelniy'' "shipborne") (NATO designation "Flanker-D). This variant of the Su-27 added canards to the front fuselage, an arresting hook and carrier take-off and landing avionics in addition to a retractable refueling probe. It was test flown for the first time by famous Sukhoi test pilot Viktor Pugachev in November 1989 onboard the carrier ''Tbilisi'' (now ''Admiral Kuznetsov).'' The Su-27K would be redesignated as Su-33 after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The naval trainer version, the Su-27KUB, had the pilots sit side-by-side and served as the basis for the conceptual replacement of the [[Su-24M|Su-24]] for the Soviet Air Force, which eventually became the Su-34 "Fullback".
 === Operational Service ===
@@ Line 331: / Line 331: @@
 * [[wt:en/news/8652-development-su-27-feisty-flanker-en|[Development] Su-27: Feisty Flanker!]]
-=== References ===
+==== References ====
 <references />{{AirManufacturer Sukhoi}}
 {{USSR jet aircraft}}

@@ Line 302: / Line 302: @@
 Su-27 were also used by the Air Forces of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Their usage during the Ethiopian-Eritrean War constituted the largest operational usage of the Su-27 platform until 2022. Other Operators include Indonesia, Angola, Vietnam, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The only country to so far retire the Su-27 platform is Belarus, who did so in 2012.
 === [[wt:en/news/8652-development-su-27-feisty-flanker-en|Devblog]] ===
 Development of the Su-27 began at the Sukhoi Design Bureau in early 1971. In 1977, the first prototype was built for testing. Due to a change in the concept of future aircraft, the team of aircraft manufacturers had to design an essentially new aircraft, only partially using the developments of the original project. The new prototype was ready by the end of 1980, and its flight tests began in the spring of 1981. The first Su-27s began to enter service with the armed forces in 1984, even though tests of a number of systems had not yet been completed. Today, Su-27 fighters of various modifications are in service with Russia, China, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and other countries.
@@ Line 333: / Line 331: @@
 * [[wt:en/news/8652-development-su-27-feisty-flanker-en|[Development] Su-27: Feisty Flanker!]]
-{{AirManufacturer Sukhoi}}
+=== References ===
 {{USSR jet aircraft}}

@@ Line 282: / Line 282: @@
 === Early Development ===
-The Su-27 traces its roots to the T-10 developmental prototype designed by Sukhoi from 1969. The Sukhoi design bureau had won the design contract for a new frontline fighter-interceptor for the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) to replace the Tu-128, Yak-28P and Su-15.  The new design had to be superior to future foreign fighters, most notably the US "FX" programme which later became the [[F-15 (Family)|F-15 Eagle]]. This programme was called "PFI" ''Perspektivniy Frontovoiy Istrebitel (''Perspective Frontline fighter). Furthermore, it also had to be able to dominate in a dogfight, exceed Mach 2 and be able to search and engage aircraft and cruise missiles from long range. The PFI programme was eventually split up into two; the "LPFI" (''Lyogkyi PFI'', Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (''Tyazholyi PFI'', Heavy PFI). The former was assigned to Mikoyan-Gurievich, resulting in the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29.]] Sukhoi took on the TPFI instead. The new plane was laid out to be large, with a large fuel capacity and high thrust to be able to exceed a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1:1. It had a blended wing-body layout just like the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29]], longitudinal instability (as a first in the USSR, and characteristic of many 4th Generation aircraft) and a full fly-by-wire system. By 1975, information on the F-15 became available. It was found via computer evaluation that Sukhoi's current T-10 design did not meet the requirements and a new fresh start was ordered. Ready on the 20th of May 1977, the new T-10-1, designated Flanker-A by NATO, was test-flown for the first time by Vladimir S. Ilyushin. The T-10-1 was used as an aerodynamic testbed for subsequent production variants. It is distinct from production batches in several key areas: The T-10 has a different forward fuselage with the front landing gear installed much further forward and a thinner, shorter radome. Most notably, the T-10's wingtips are curved (Gothic shape, or Küchemann-tip) rather than the production Su-27's more conventional design. In 1979, after a series of further prototypes, testbeds and tragically fatal crashes, the aircraft was accepted for further trials. With a completely redesigned wing which gave access to missile rail pylons or even the "Sorbtsiya" Electronic Warfare pod on the wingtips, evaluation of the new aircraft continued. Prototype T-10-15, also called T-10S-3 evolved into the definitive configuration that entered operational service in 1984/85.
+The Su-27 traces its roots to the T-10 developmental prototype designed by Sukhoi from 1969. The Sukhoi design bureau had won the design contract for a new frontline fighter-interceptor for the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) to replace the Tu-128, Yak-28P and Su-15.  The new design had to be superior to future foreign fighters, most notably the US "FX" programme which later became the [[F-15 (Family)|F-15 Eagle]]. This programme was called "PFI" ''Perspektivniy Frontovoiy Istrebitel (''Perspective Frontline fighter). Furthermore, it also had to be able to dominate in a dogfight, exceed Mach 2 and be able to search and engage aircraft and cruise missiles from long range. The PFI programme was eventually split up into two; the "LPFI" (''Lyogkyi PFI'', Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (''Tyazholyi PFI'', Heavy PFI). The former was assigned to Mikoyan-Gurievich, resulting in the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29.]] Sukhoi took on the TPFI instead. The new plane was laid out to be large, with a large fuel capacity and high thrust to be able to exceed a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1:1. It had a blended wing-body layout just like the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29]], longitudinal instability (as a first in the USSR, and characteristic of many 4th Generation aircraft) and a full fly-by-wire system. By 1975, information on the F-15 became available. It was found via computer evaluation that Sukhoi's current T-10 design did not meet the requirements and a new fresh start was ordered. Ready on the 20th of May 1977, the new T-10-1, designated Flanker-A by NATO, was test-flown for the first time by Vladimir S. Ilyushin. The T-10-1 was used as an aerodynamic testbed for subsequent production variants. It is distinct from production batches in several key areas: The T-10 has a different forward fuselage with the front landing gear installed much further forward and a thinner, shorter radome. Most notably, the T-10's wingtips are curved (Gothic shape, or Küchemann-tip) rather than the production Su-27's more conventional design. In 1979, after a series of further prototypes, testbeds and tragically fatal crashes, the aircraft was accepted for further trials. With a completely redesigned wing which gave access to missile rail pylons or even the "Sorbtsiya" Electronic Warfare pod on the wingtips, evaluation of the new aircraft continued. Prototype T-10-15, also called T-10S-3 evolved into the definitive configuration that entered operational service in 1984/85.<ref name=":0">Kopp, Carlo. ''PLA-AF and PLA-N Flanker variants.'' Airpower Australia, 2012</ref><ref>Gunston, Bill. ''The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft,'' Osprey Publishing Ltd. 2000</ref><ref>Skrynnikov, Sergey. ''Su-27 Flanker.'' Concord Publications, 1993</ref>
 === Deployment ===
-Manufacturing difficulties at Komsomolsk-na-Amure Aviation Plant (KnAAPO) in the Russian far east kept the Su-27 from appearing in considerable numbers until 1990. The trainer version of the Su-27, the two-seat Su-27UB (''Uchyobno boevoy'', "Combat Trainer") formed the basis for the multirole Su-30 and its many derivatives. The Su-27 was also adapted for naval use, designated Su-27K (K for ''Korabelniy'' "shipborne") (NATO designation "Flanker-D). This variant of the Su-27 added canards to the front fuselage, an arresting hook and carrier take-off and landing avionics in addition to a retractable refueling probe. It was test flown for the first time by famous Sukhoi test pilot Viktor Pugachev in November 1989 onboard the carrier ''Tbilisi'' (now ''Admiral Kuznetsov).'' The Su-27K would be redesignated as Su-33 after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The naval trainer version, the Su-27KUB, had the pilots sit side-by-side and served as the basis for the conceptual replacement of the [[Su-24M|Su-24]] for the Soviet Air Force, which eventually became the Su-34 "Fullback".
+Manufacturing difficulties at Komsomolsk-na-Amure Aviation Plant (KnAAPO) in the Russian far east kept the Su-27 from appearing in considerable numbers until 1990. The trainer version of the Su-27, the two-seat Su-27UB (''Uchyobno boevoy'', "Combat Trainer") formed the basis for the multirole Su-30 and its many derivatives. The Su-27 was also adapted for naval use, designated Su-27K (K for ''Korabelniy'' "shipborne") (NATO designation "Flanker-D). This variant of the Su-27 added canards to the front fuselage, an arresting hook and carrier take-off and landing avionics in addition to a retractable refueling probe. It was test flown for the first time by famous Sukhoi test pilot Viktor Pugachev in November 1989 onboard the carrier ''Tbilisi'' (now ''Admiral Kuznetsov).'' The Su-27K would be redesignated as Su-33 after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The naval trainer version, the Su-27KUB, had the pilots sit side-by-side and served as the basis for the conceptual replacement of the [[Su-24M|Su-24]] for the Soviet Air Force, which eventually became the Su-34 "Fullback".<ref>Kopp, Carlo. ''Sukhoi Su-34 Fullback, Russia's new heavy strike fighter,'' Airpower Australia, 2012</ref>
 === Operational Service ===
@@ Line 302: / Line 302: @@
 Su-27 were also used by the Air Forces of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Their usage during the Ethiopian-Eritrean War constituted the largest operational usage of the Su-27 platform until 2022. Other Operators include Indonesia, Angola, Vietnam, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The only country to so far retire the Su-27 platform is Belarus, who did so in 2012.
 === [[wt:en/news/8652-development-su-27-feisty-flanker-en|Devblog]] ===
 Development of the Su-27 began at the Sukhoi Design Bureau in early 1971. In 1977, the first prototype was built for testing. Due to a change in the concept of future aircraft, the team of aircraft manufacturers had to design an essentially new aircraft, only partially using the developments of the original project. The new prototype was ready by the end of 1980, and its flight tests began in the spring of 1981. The first Su-27s began to enter service with the armed forces in 1984, even though tests of a number of systems had not yet been completed. Today, Su-27 fighters of various modifications are in service with Russia, China, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and other countries.
@@ Line 331: / Line 333: @@
 * [[wt:en/news/8652-development-su-27-feisty-flanker-en|[Development] Su-27: Feisty Flanker!]]
-=== References: ===
+{{AirManufacturer Sukhoi}}
 {{USSR jet aircraft}}

@@ Line 282: / Line 282: @@
 === Early Development ===
-The Su-27 traces its roots to the T-10 developmental prototype designed by Sukhoi from 1969. The Sukhoi design bureau had won the design contract for a new frontline fighter-interceptor for the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) to replace the Tu-128, Yak-28P and Su-15.  The new design had to be superior to future foreign fighters, most notably the US "FX" programme which later became the [[F-15 (Family)|F-15 Eagle]]. This programme was called "PFI" ''Perspektivniy Frontovoiy Istrebitel (''Perspective Frontline fighter). Furthermore, it also had to be able to dominate in a dogfight, exceed Mach 2 and be able to search and engage aircraft and cruise missiles from long range. The PFI programme was eventually split up into two; the "LPFI" (''Lyogkyi PFI'', Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (''Tyazholyi PFI'', Heavy PFI). The former was assigned to Mikoyan-Gurievich, resulting in the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29.]] Sukhoi took on the TPFI instead. The new plane was laid out to be large, with a large fuel capacity and high thrust to be able to exceed a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1:1. It had a blended wing-body layout just like the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29]], longitudinal instability (as a first in the USSR, and characteristic of many 4th Generation aircraft) and a full fly-by-wire system. By 1975, information on the F-15 became available. It was found via computer evaluation that Sukhoi's current T-10 design did not meet the requirements and a new fresh start was ordered. Ready on the 20th of May 1977, the new T-10-1, designated Flanker-A by NATO, was test-flown for the first time by Vladimir S. Ilyushin. The T-10-1 was used as an aerodynamic testbed for subsequent production variants. It is distinct from production batches in several key areas: The T-10 has a different forward fuselage with the front landing gear installed much further forward and a thinner, shorter radome. Most notably, the T-10's wingtips are curved (Gothic shape, or Küchemann-tip) rather than the production Su-27's more conventional design. In 1979, after a series of further prototypes, testbeds and tragically fatal crashes, the aircraft was accepted for further trials. With a completely redesigned wing which gave access to missile rail pylons or even the "Sorbtsiya" Electronic Warfare pod on the wingtips, evaluation of the new aircraft continued. Prototype T-10-15, also called T-10S-3 evolved into the definitive configuration that entered operational service in 1984/85.<ref name=":0">Kopp, Carlo. ''PLA-AF and PLA-N Flanker variants.'' Airpower Australia, 2012</ref><ref>Gunston, Bill. ''The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft,'' Osprey Publishing Ltd. 2000</ref><ref>Skrynnikov, Sergey. ''Su-27 Flanker.'' Concord Publications, 1993</ref>
+The Su-27 traces its roots to the T-10 developmental prototype designed by Sukhoi from 1969. The Sukhoi design bureau had won the design contract for a new frontline fighter-interceptor for the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) to replace the Tu-128, Yak-28P and Su-15.  The new design had to be superior to future foreign fighters, most notably the US "FX" programme which later became the [[F-15 (Family)|F-15 Eagle]]. This programme was called "PFI" ''Perspektivniy Frontovoiy Istrebitel (''Perspective Frontline fighter). Furthermore, it also had to be able to dominate in a dogfight, exceed Mach 2 and be able to search and engage aircraft and cruise missiles from long range. The PFI programme was eventually split up into two; the "LPFI" (''Lyogkyi PFI'', Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (''Tyazholyi PFI'', Heavy PFI). The former was assigned to Mikoyan-Gurievich, resulting in the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29.]] Sukhoi took on the TPFI instead. The new plane was laid out to be large, with a large fuel capacity and high thrust to be able to exceed a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1:1. It had a blended wing-body layout just like the [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29]], longitudinal instability (as a first in the USSR, and characteristic of many 4th Generation aircraft) and a full fly-by-wire system. By 1975, information on the F-15 became available. It was found via computer evaluation that Sukhoi's current T-10 design did not meet the requirements and a new fresh start was ordered. Ready on the 20th of May 1977, the new T-10-1, designated Flanker-A by NATO, was test-flown for the first time by Vladimir S. Ilyushin. The T-10-1 was used as an aerodynamic testbed for subsequent production variants. It is distinct from production batches in several key areas: The T-10 has a different forward fuselage with the front landing gear installed much further forward and a thinner, shorter radome. Most notably, the T-10's wingtips are curved (Gothic shape, or Küchemann-tip) rather than the production Su-27's more conventional design. In 1979, after a series of further prototypes, testbeds and tragically fatal crashes, the aircraft was accepted for further trials. With a completely redesigned wing which gave access to missile rail pylons or even the "Sorbtsiya" Electronic Warfare pod on the wingtips, evaluation of the new aircraft continued. Prototype T-10-15, also called T-10S-3 evolved into the definitive configuration that entered operational service in 1984/85.
 === Deployment ===
-Manufacturing difficulties at Komsomolsk-na-Amure Aviation Plant (KnAAPO) in the Russian far east kept the Su-27 from appearing in considerable numbers until 1990. The trainer version of the Su-27, the two-seat Su-27UB (''Uchyobno boevoy'', "Combat Trainer") formed the basis for the multirole Su-30 and its many derivatives. The Su-27 was also adapted for naval use, designated Su-27K (K for ''Korabelniy'' "shipborne") (NATO designation "Flanker-D). This variant of the Su-27 added canards to the front fuselage, an arresting hook and carrier take-off and landing avionics in addition to a retractable refueling probe. It was test flown for the first time by famous Sukhoi test pilot Viktor Pugachev in November 1989 onboard the carrier ''Tbilisi'' (now ''Admiral Kuznetsov).'' The Su-27K would be redesignated as Su-33 after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The naval trainer version, the Su-27KUB, had the pilots sit side-by-side and served as the basis for the conceptual replacement of the [[Su-24M|Su-24]] for the Soviet Air Force, which eventually became the Su-34 "Fullback".<ref>Kopp, Carlo. ''Sukhoi Su-34 Fullback, Russia's new heavy strike fighter,'' Airpower Australia, 2012</ref>
+Manufacturing difficulties at Komsomolsk-na-Amure Aviation Plant (KnAAPO) in the Russian far east kept the Su-27 from appearing in considerable numbers until 1990. The trainer version of the Su-27, the two-seat Su-27UB (''Uchyobno boevoy'', "Combat Trainer") formed the basis for the multirole Su-30 and its many derivatives. The Su-27 was also adapted for naval use, designated Su-27K (K for ''Korabelniy'' "shipborne") (NATO designation "Flanker-D). This variant of the Su-27 added canards to the front fuselage, an arresting hook and carrier take-off and landing avionics in addition to a retractable refueling probe. It was test flown for the first time by famous Sukhoi test pilot Viktor Pugachev in November 1989 onboard the carrier ''Tbilisi'' (now ''Admiral Kuznetsov).'' The Su-27K would be redesignated as Su-33 after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The naval trainer version, the Su-27KUB, had the pilots sit side-by-side and served as the basis for the conceptual replacement of the [[Su-24M|Su-24]] for the Soviet Air Force, which eventually became the Su-34 "Fullback".
 === Operational Service ===
@@ Line 302: / Line 302: @@
 Su-27 were also used by the Air Forces of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Their usage during the Ethiopian-Eritrean War constituted the largest operational usage of the Su-27 platform until 2022. Other Operators include Indonesia, Angola, Vietnam, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The only country to so far retire the Su-27 platform is Belarus, who did so in 2012.
 === [[wt:en/news/8652-development-su-27-feisty-flanker-en|Devblog]] ===
 Development of the Su-27 began at the Sukhoi Design Bureau in early 1971. In 1977, the first prototype was built for testing. Due to a change in the concept of future aircraft, the team of aircraft manufacturers had to design an essentially new aircraft, only partially using the developments of the original project. The new prototype was ready by the end of 1980, and its flight tests began in the spring of 1981. The first Su-27s began to enter service with the armed forces in 1984, even though tests of a number of systems had not yet been completed. Today, Su-27 fighters of various modifications are in service with Russia, China, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and other countries.
@@ Line 333: / Line 331: @@
 * [[wt:en/news/8652-development-su-27-feisty-flanker-en|[Development] Su-27: Feisty Flanker!]]
-{{AirManufacturer Sukhoi}}
+=== References: ===
 {{USSR jet aircraft}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:11, 12 September 2024
Line 283:		Line 283:

	- From ''[[wt:en/news/8652-development-su-27-feisty-flanker-en\|Devblog]]''		- From ''[[wt:en/news/8652-development-su-27-feisty-flanker-en\|Devblog]]''
		+
		+	=== Early Development ===
		+	The Su-27 traces its roots to the T-10 developmental prototype designed by Sukhoi from 1969. The Sukhoi design bureau had won the design contract for a new frontline fighter-interceptor for the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) to replace the Tu-128, Yak-28P and Su-15. The new design had to be superior to future foreign fighters, most notably the US "FX" programme which later became the [[F-15 (Family)\|F-15 Eagle]]. This programme was called "PFI" ''Perspektivniy Frontovoiy Istrebitel (''Perspective Frontline fighter). Furthermore, it also had to be able to dominate in a dogfight, exceed Mach 2 and be able to search and engage aircraft and cruise missiles from long range. The PFI programme was eventually split up into two; the "LPFI" (''Lyogkyi PFI'', Lightweight PFI) and the TPFI (''Tyazholyi PFI'', Heavy PFI). The former was assigned to Mikoyan-Gurievich, resulting in the [[MiG-29 (Family)\|MiG-29.]] Sukhoi took on the TPFI instead. The new plane was laid out to be large, with a large fuel capacity and high thrust to be able to exceed a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1:1. It had a blended wing-body layout just like the [[MiG-29 (Family)\|MiG-29]], longitudinal instability (as a first in the USSR, and characteristic of many 4th Generation aircraft) and a full fly-by-wire system. By 1975, information on the F-15 became available. It was found via computer evaluation that Sukhoi's current T-10 design did not meet the requirements and a new fresh start was ordered. Ready on the 20th of May 1977, the new T-10-1, designated Flanker-A by NATO, was test-flown for the first time by Vladimir S. Ilyushin. The T-10-1 was used as an aerodynamic testbed for subsequent production variants. It is distinct from production batches in several key areas: The T-10 has a different forward fuselage with the front landing gear installed much further forward and a thinner, shorter radome. Most notably, the T-10's wingtips are curved (Gothic shape, or Küchemann-tip) rather than the production Su-27's more conventional design. In 1979, after a series of further prototypes, testbeds and tragically fatal crashes, the aircraft was accepted for further trials. With a completely redesigned wing which gave access to missile rail pylons or even the "Sorbtsiya" Electronic Warfare pod on the wingtips, evaluation of the new aircraft continued. Prototype T-10-15, also called T-10S-3 evolved into the definitive configuration that entered operational service in 1984/85.
		+
		+	=== Deployment ===
		+	Manufacturing difficulties at Komsomolsk-na-Amure Aviation Plant (KnAAPO) in the Russian far east kept the Su-27 from appearing in considerable numbers until 1990. The trainer version of the Su-27, the two-seat Su-27UB (''Uchyobno boevoy'', "Combat Trainer") formed the basis for the multirole Su-30 and its many derivatives. The Su-27 was also adapted for naval use, designated Su-27K (K for ''Korabelniy'' "shipborne") (NATO designation "Flanker-D). This variant of the Su-27 added canards to the front fuselage, an arresting hook and carrier take-off and landing avionics in addition to a retractable refueling probe. It was test flown for the first time by famous Sukhoi test pilot Viktor Pugachev in November 1989 onboard the carrier ''Tbilisi'' (now ''Admiral Kuznetsov).'' The Su-27K would be redesignated as Su-33 after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The naval trainer version, the Su-27KUB, had the pilots sit side-by-side and served as the basis for the conceptual replacement of the [[Su-24M\|Su-24]] for the Soviet Air Force, which eventually became the Su-34 "Fullback".
		+
		+	=== Operational Service ===
		+	The Soviet Air Force (VVS) received its first Su-27 in 1984/85. The first unit to use the new aircraft was the 831st Fighter Aviation Regiment at Myrhorod Airbase in Soviet Ukraine.
		+
		+	On the 13th of September 1987, a Su-27 with full armament intercepted a Lockheed P-3 "Orion" Maritime Patrol Aircraft of the Norwegian Airforce. On its third pass, the Su-27 collided with the Norwegian P-3. Both aircraft were able to return safely to their bases.
		+
		+	Su-27s were used by the Russian Airforce during the wars in Abkhazia and Ossetia in 1992, 1993 and 2008. One Su-27 was allegedly shot down in a friendly-fire incident by an SA-75 SAM system on the 19th of March 1993.
		+
		+	The Ukrainian Airforce inherited about 70 Su-27 after 1991. Decreases in defence budgets and economic turndown allowed these aircraft to fall into various states of disrepair, with declining relations to Russia in the early 2010s exacerbating the issue. Since 2022, Ukrainian Su-27 are being refurbished and returned to service in larger numbers. These efforts can be traced back to the early 2010s, with Zaporizhzhya Aircraft Repair Plant beginning to modernise the Su-27 platform to NATO standards, as well as small overhauls of radars, communication and navigation equipment. These versions are designated Su-27P1M and Su-27UB1M.
		+
		+	The Su-27 and its variants are being used extensively by both sides in the current War in Ukraine.
		+
		+	==== Operational Service outside the former eastern bloc ====
		+	The People's Republic of China was the first foreign operator of the Su-27 and the only country to acquire the platform before the collapse of USSR. This deal marked a great leap forward in Chinese airforce capability in the 1990s, especially after Chinese relations with the US deteriorated after 1989. The USSR had offered the PRC the MiG-29, yet Chinese negotiators insisted on the Su-27. By 1991, the sale was approved and three fighters were delivered to mainland China before the dissolution of the USSR. License production of the Su-27 in China was approved, where the type was manufactured under the name [[J-11]] by Shenyang Corporation. Some sources claim these initial deliveries of Su-27SK (''Serialniy, Kommercheskiy'' "Serial, Commercial", unrelated to the Naval version) were equipped with Phazotron Zhuk Radars traditionally found on MiG-29 variants instead of the Tikhomirov NIIP manufactured radars used on Soviet/Russian Su-27. Over the next two decades, an additional 78 Su-27 variants were delivered to China. The initial export and license produced Chinese Su-27 and J-11 are unable to use the R-77/RVV-AE Active Radar homing missile due to a downgraded and unsuitable fire control processor and radar. This was remedied with the last batch of 28 Su-27UBK. Today, the PLAAF operates no less than nine variants of the Su-27 platform, ranging from Russian originals such as the Su-27SK, UBK, Su-30MKK and MK2 and Su-35S to Chinese-designed variants such as the J-11B/BG, J-15 and J-16.
		+
		+	Su-27 were also used by the Air Forces of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Their usage during the Ethiopian-Eritrean War constituted the largest operational usage of the Su-27 platform until 2022. Other Operators include Indonesia, Angola, Vietnam, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The only country to so far retire the Su-27 platform is Belarus, who did so in 2012.

	== Media ==		== Media ==

@@ Line 215: / Line 215: @@
 * Without load
-* 2 x R-73 missiles
+* 2 x R-73 missiles + 2 x R-27R missiles
 * 6 x R-73 missiles
 * 2 x R-27T missiles