Mk.13 (569 mm) - Revision history

U28580205: /* History */ Readded placeholder as hidden comment

2023-04-04T02:55:08Z

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U137319744: /* History */ Added history and citations

2023-04-04T02:37:47Z

‎History: Added history and citations

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U44629479: Edits

2023-01-09T08:57:22Z

Edits

U38088265: Updated

2021-10-29T18:12:31Z

Updated

U38088265: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */ Aircraft moved to Mk.13-1 (1,927 lb)

2020-05-28T14:43:16Z

‎Vehicles equipped with this weapon: Aircraft moved to Mk.13-1 (1,927 lb)

U38088265: U38088265 moved page Mk.13-1 (1,927 lb) to Mk.13 (569 mm) over a redirect without leaving a redirect: Moved back to make way for separate Mk.13-1 page

2020-05-27T09:55:55Z

U38088265 moved page Mk.13-1 (1,927 lb) to Mk.13 (569 mm) over a redirect without leaving a redirect: Moved back to make way for separate Mk.13-1 page

U38088265: U38088265 moved page Mk.13 (569 mm) to Mk.13-1 (1,927 lb): Renamed in 1.99

2020-05-27T09:54:45Z

U38088265 moved page Mk.13 (569 mm) to Mk.13-1 (1,927 lb): Renamed in 1.99

U64962917: User-made sidebars have been discontinued. Framed photo.

2020-03-03T18:44:48Z

User-made sidebars have been discontinued. Framed photo.

U38088265: U38088265 moved page Mk.13 to Mk.13 (569 mm): Added calibre

2019-11-06T13:03:02Z

U38088265 moved page Mk.13 to Mk.13 (569 mm): Added calibre

U64962917: Added images.

2019-08-24T00:53:34Z

Added images.

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:55, 4 April 2023
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	== History ==		== History ==
		+	<!--''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''-->
	The first purpose-built aerial torpedo, the Mark 13 had a long way to go before seeing combat and even longer way to become an effective combat weapon. The Mark 13 originated from a 1925 design study by the United States Navy. However, to the detriment of the design, it ended in development hell for almost two decades before entering service<ref name=":0">Mark 13 Torpedo-Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_13_torpedo</ref>. The lengthy development cycle came from the changing requirements of the United States Navy. The first attempt was the “Project G-6” design which was cancelled in 1926 just a year after it entered development for a plan make aerial version of the WWI-era Mark 7 torpedoes. In 1927, the Navy changed their mind again and revived the G-6 project which was designated the Mark 13 in August of 1930. By this point, development of the Mark 13 remained uncertain due to the emergence of dive bombers led and the program was cancelled again in October. It was then revived yet again in July of 1931 and in 1936 it was accepted into service. But the acceptance of the Mark 13 would be the ends of its problems<ref name="NavWeaps" />.		The first purpose-built aerial torpedo, the Mark 13 had a long way to go before seeing combat and even longer way to become an effective combat weapon. The Mark 13 originated from a 1925 design study by the United States Navy. However, to the detriment of the design, it ended in development hell for almost two decades before entering service<ref name=":0">Mark 13 Torpedo-Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_13_torpedo</ref>. The lengthy development cycle came from the changing requirements of the United States Navy. The first attempt was the “Project G-6” design which was cancelled in 1926 just a year after it entered development for a plan make aerial version of the WWI-era Mark 7 torpedoes. In 1927, the Navy changed their mind again and revived the G-6 project which was designated the Mark 13 in August of 1930. By this point, development of the Mark 13 remained uncertain due to the emergence of dive bombers led and the program was cancelled again in October. It was then revived yet again in July of 1931 and in 1936 it was accepted into service. But the acceptance of the Mark 13 would be the ends of its problems<ref name="NavWeaps" />.

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 The appearance of this torpedo is similar to many others in that it has the appearance of a mini-submarine which contains an engine, fuel and steering devices. At almost one ton in weight, 600 lbs of it is the detachable warhead which is filled with the highly explosive Torpex.<ref name=NAO></ref>
-The Mk.13 torpedo was specifically designed to be used from an aerial platform with a range of 5.7 km with an in-water speed of almost 67 kph. The Mk.13 designation applies to the entire torpedo assembly as a whole, however, portions of the torpedo (warhead, gyroscope and other sub-assemblies) will have their own mark and mod designations.
+The Mk.13 torpedo was specifically designed to be used from an aerial platform with a range of 5.7 km with an in-water speed of almost 67 km/h. The Mk.13 designation applies to the entire torpedo assembly as a whole, however, portions of the torpedo (warhead, gyroscope and other sub-assemblies) will have their own mark and mod designations.
 === Effective damage ===
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 == Media ==
 <!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
-<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
+;Images
-File:PBY-5a_carrying_two_Mk.13_44_torpedoes.png|thumb|none|400px|Image of a [[PBY-5a_Catalina|PBY-5a]] carrying two '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedoes under its wings.
+<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
-File:Torpedo_Mk.13_PT-556.png|thumb|none|430px|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedoes mounted on the deck of an [[Elco_80_ft_PT-556|Elco 80 ft PT-556]].
+File:Torpedo_Mk.13_PT-556.png|<small>{{PAGENAME}} mounted on the deck of a [[Thunderbolt (PT-556)]]</small>
 </gallery>
 == See also ==
 ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 * ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
 * ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''
@@ Line 76: / Line 74: @@
 <!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 * ''topic on the official game forum;''
 * ''other literature.'' -->
 * NavWeaps Website [[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_WWII.php World War II Torpedoes of the United States]]
 * Flight Journal Website [[https://www.flightjournal.com/iconic-firepower-the-outstandingly-bad-mark-13-torpedo/ Iconic Firepower: The Outstandingly Bad Mark 13 Torpedo]]
 * Ordnance Pamphlet No. 629(A) [[https://archive.hnsa.org/doc/torpedomk13/index.htm U.S. Navy Torpedoes Mark 13, B-1 & 2 July 1942]]
 * NAVPERS 10826 [[https://bulletpicker.com/pdf/NAVPERS%2010826,%20Naval%20Airborne%20Ordnance.pdf Naval Airborne Ordnance]], p. 153-166
 === References ===

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 {{break}}
-The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo was a guinea pig of a torpedo having been the subject of testing and modification since 1925. Used early in World War II, this torpedo failed to operate properly approximately 70% of the time with problems of running cold (propeller mechanism failed to start), sinking, not running true (deviating path), improper depth, running on the surface or porposing (continuous jumping out of the water) due to improper water contact. Aircraft were required to fly extremely slow and low when dropping the torpedo as to not damage it on impact with the water and to provide the most stable drop possible, unfortunately, this put the torpedo bomber in a bad position of being an easy target for anti-aircraft guns mounted on enemy ships.
+The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo was a guinea pig of a torpedo having been the subject of testing and modification since 1925. Used early in World War II, this torpedo failed to operate properly approximately 70% of the time with problems of running cold (propeller mechanism failed to start), sinking, not running true (deviating path), improper depth, running on the surface or porpoising (continuous jumping out of the water) due to improper water contact. Aircraft were required to fly extremely slow and low when dropping the torpedo as to not damage it on impact with the water and to provide the most stable drop possible, unfortunately, this put the torpedo bomber in a bad position of being an easy target for anti-aircraft guns mounted on enemy ships.
-Extensive testing in 1942 determined that the low and slow approach to the Mk.13 launch was actually counterproductive as it caused the torpedo to “belly-flop” on the water resulting in damage sustained to its internal components. New modifications were tested which replaced fragile parts and components which were susceptible to damage upon impact with the water.<ref name=NAO></ref> Updates to the torpedo allowed it to be safely dropped from a higher altitude and at faster speeds. By 1944 the Mk.13 was essentially a brand new torpedo and was accepted as the best aircraft torpedo in the U.S. inventory at that time and was credited with the sinking of the Japanese battleship Yamato.<ref name=NavWeaps></ref>
+Extensive testing in 1942 determined that the low and slow approach to the Mk.13 launch was actually counterproductive as it caused the torpedo to "belly-flop" on the water resulting in damage sustained to its internal components. New modifications were tested which replaced fragile parts and components which were susceptible to damage upon impact with the water.<ref name=NAO></ref> Updates to the torpedo allowed it to be safely dropped from a higher altitude and at faster speeds. By 1944 the Mk.13 was essentially a brand new torpedo and was accepted as the best aircraft torpedo in the U.S. inventory at that time and was credited with the sinking of the Japanese battleship Yamato.<ref name=NavWeaps></ref>
 Later after World War II, there came a need for river patrol boats to be outfitted with torpedo launchers. The Mk.13 was the ideal torpedo to fulfil this need due to its short stature (compared to other torpedoes) and excelled in a shallow launch and run which afforded it to operate in shallow waters without hitting the bottom. Opportunities for sea use on smaller vessels were available in shallow areas where larger ships and torpedoes could not operate.
 {{Break}}
 === Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
 <!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' -->
 * {{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_mod01}}
 * {{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_thunderbolt}}
 * {{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_mod02}}
-* {{Specs-Link|us_higgins_78ft_pt625}}
+* {{Specs-Link|us_higgins_78ft_pt658}}
 == General info ==
 <!--''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the torpedo.''-->
 The aircraft torpedo Mk.13 is typically carried on attack-type aircraft, however, there are a few light bombers which can also be outfitted with them. The design of the Mk.13 departed from conventional torpedo design for submarines and destroyers to accommodate being delivered by aircraft and being dropped.<ref name=NavWeaps></ref> Due to the short and stocky size of the torpedoes, they were also ideal to be outfitted on motor torpedo boats where they could either be launched from tubes or just rolled off the side of the boat for more stealthy approaches.
 The appearance of this torpedo is similar to many others in that it has the appearance of a mini-submarine which contains an engine, fuel and steering devices. At almost one ton in weight, 600 lbs of it is the detachable warhead which is filled with the highly explosive Torpex.<ref name=NAO></ref>
 The Mk.13 torpedo was specifically designed to be used from an aerial platform with a range of 5.7 km with an in-water speed of almost 67 kph. The Mk.13 designation applies to the entire torpedo assembly as a whole, however, portions of the torpedo (warhead, gyroscope and other sub-assemblies) will have their own mark and mod designations.
 === Effective damage ===
 <!--''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of torpedo (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''-->
-The Mk.13 torpedo had a large high-explosive warhead compared to the Mk.VII which was frequently used at the time. The Mk.13 had a 600 lb (270 kg) Torpex (Torpedo Explosive) warhead compared the Mk.VII’s 466 lb (211 kg) warhead. Torpex was an explosive which was about 50% more powerful than TNT by mass alone as this mixture contained 40% TNT, 42%  RDX and 18% powdered aluminium. While not as fast nor had as long of range as other torpedoes, the Mk.13 was used effectively at night when stealthy operations from PT boats which took place requiring torpedoes to reach the target with the least amount of warning. Aerial operations took advantage of the slower torpedo by dropping it from a higher altitude, increasing its time in the air and getting it closer to the target before it entered the water.<ref name=NAO></ref>
+The Mk.13 torpedo had a large high-explosive warhead compared to the Mk.VII which was frequently used at the time. The Mk.13 had a 600 lb (270 kg) Torpex (Torpedo Explosive) warhead compared the Mk.VII's 466 lb (211 kg) warhead. Torpex was an explosive which was about 50% more powerful than TNT by mass alone as this mixture contained 40% TNT, 42%  RDX and 18% powdered aluminium. While not as fast nor had as long of range as other torpedoes, the Mk.13 was used effectively at night when stealthy operations from PT boats which took place requiring torpedoes to reach the target with the least amount of warning. Aerial operations took advantage of the slower torpedo by dropping it from a higher altitude, increasing its time in the air and getting it closer to the target before it entered the water.<ref name=NAO></ref>
 === Comparison with analogues ===
@@ Line 39: / Line 41: @@
 == Usage in battles ==
 <!--''Describe situations when you would utilise this torpedo in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''-->
 The upgraded Mk.13 torpedo can be utilised against any target which is in the water which can include ships, boats, tanks (at the water's edge), boat-planes or even structures. Due to the higher altitude in which it can be dropped from, the delivering bomber can make a safer approach, release and get-away avoiding ship-board anti-aircraft fire and fighters patrolling around ships.
 === Pros and cons ===
@@ Line 49: / Line 51: @@
 '''Cons:'''
 * Aircraft typically only carry one or two at a time
 * Slow, given enough distance a ship can avoid the torpedo
 * Aircraft must be low and slow for launch to ensure proper torpedo run
 == History ==
-''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''
+''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''
 == Media ==
-<!--''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''-->
+<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
 {{Youtube-gallery|RvjAQduI1uU|Technical operations of U.S. Mk.13 Torpedoes [Historical]}}
-<div><ul>
+<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:PBY-5a_carrying_two_Mk.13_44_torpedoes.png|thumb|none|400px|Image of a [[PBY-5a_Catalina|PBY-5a]] carrying two '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedoes under its wings.]] </li>
+File:PBY-5a_carrying_two_Mk.13_44_torpedoes.png|thumb|none|400px|Image of a [[PBY-5a_Catalina|PBY-5a]] carrying two '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedoes under its wings.
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_PT-556.png|thumb|none|430px|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedoes mounted on the deck of an [[Elco_80_ft_PT-556|Elco 80 ft PT-556]].]] </li><!--
+File:Torpedo_Mk.13_PT-556.png|thumb|none|430px|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedoes mounted on the deck of an [[Elco_80_ft_PT-556|Elco 80 ft PT-556]].
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Image.jpg|thumb|none|250px|Words]] </li>
+</gallery>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Image.jpg|thumb|none|250px|Words]] </li>-->
 == See also ==
 ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
@@ Line 73: / Line 74: @@
 == External links ==
-<!--''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
+<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 * ''topic on the official game forum;''
 * ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
-* ''other literature.''-->
+* ''other literature.'' -->
 * NavWeaps Website [[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WTUS_WWII.php World War II Torpedoes of the United States]]
 * Flight Journal Website [[https://www.flightjournal.com/iconic-firepower-the-outstandingly-bad-mark-13-torpedo/ Iconic Firepower: The Outstandingly Bad Mark 13 Torpedo]]
 * Ordnance Pamphlet No. 629(A) [[https://archive.hnsa.org/doc/torpedomk13/index.htm U.S. Navy Torpedoes Mark 13, B-1 & 2 July 1942]]
 * NAVPERS 10826 [[https://bulletpicker.com/pdf/NAVPERS%2010826,%20Naval%20Airborne%20Ordnance.pdf Naval Airborne Ordnance]], p. 153-166
-== References ==
+=== References ===
 <references>
 <ref name=NAO>U.S. Naval and Systems Ordnance Command. (1952). [https://bulletpicker.com/pdf/NAVPERS%2010826,%20Naval%20Airborne%20Ordnance.pdf Naval Airborne Ordnance (OP 10826)][[File:Pdf_fileicon.png|.pdf document|link=]].</ref>
@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 {{Torpedoes}}
 [[Category:Naval special armaments]]

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 === Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===
 <!-- ''List out vehicles that are equipped with the weapon.'' -->
-{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Bombers'''}}{{Specs-Link|avenger_mk1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a_raf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a_ussr}}{{-}}
+* {{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_mod01}}
-{{Navigation-Line| }}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_1c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_5_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|tbd-1_1938}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|tbf-1c}}
+* {{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_thunderbolt}}
+* {{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_mod02}}
-{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Motor torpedo boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_mod01}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_mod02}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_elco_80ft_pt_boat_thunderbolt}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|us_higgins_78ft_pt625}}
+* {{Specs-Link|us_higgins_78ft_pt625}}
 == General info ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{DISPLAYTITLE:22.5-inch Mk.13}}
-<div class="ttx">
+[[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_portrait.png|thumbnail|right|x250px|]]
 == Description ==
 <!--''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''-->
-[[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_Sideview.png|700px|thumb|left|Side view of an '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo.]]
+[[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_Sideview.png|600px|thumb|left|Side view of an '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedo.]]
 {{break}}

← Older revision	Revision as of 09:55, 27 May 2020
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← Older revision	Revision as of 09:54, 27 May 2020
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← Older revision	Revision as of 13:03, 6 November 2019
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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <div class="ttx">
   <div class="ttx-title">22.5-inch Mk.13</div>
-  <div class="ttx-image"><!--[[File:Torpedo Mark XV.jpg]]--></div>
+  <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_portrait.png]]</div>
   <div class="ttx-table">
    <div class="ttx-table-line ttx-table-head">Information</div>
@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 <div><ul>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:PBY-5a_carrying_two_Mk.13_44_torpedoes.png|thumb|none|400px|Image of a [[PBY-5a_Catalina|PBY-5a]] carrying two '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedoes under its wings.]] </li><!--
+<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:PBY-5a_carrying_two_Mk.13_44_torpedoes.png|thumb|none|400px|Image of a [[PBY-5a_Catalina|PBY-5a]] carrying two '''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedoes under its wings.]] </li>
-<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Image.jpg|thumb|none|250px|Words]] </li>
+<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Torpedo_Mk.13_PT-556.png|thumb|none|430px|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' torpedoes mounted on the deck of an [[Elco_80_ft_PT-556|Elco 80 ft PT-556]].]] </li><!--
 <li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Image.jpg|thumb|none|250px|Words]] </li>
 <li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Image.jpg|thumb|none|250px|Words]] </li>-->