J-11 - Revision history

U4656018: Additions to playstyle as per current battle rating

2024-10-26T15:28:02Z

Additions to playstyle as per current battle rating

U38088265: /* Engine performance */

2024-07-22T08:35:56Z

‎Engine performance

U40820515: /* Engine performance */

2024-07-22T01:52:46Z

‎Engine performance

U44629479: /* Media */ Added skins

2024-04-28T14:36:04Z

‎Media: Added skins

U4656018: additional Russian-side records to the purchase

2024-03-27T19:57:24Z

additional Russian-side records to the purchase

U4656018: Revisions to the history part

2024-03-10T09:02:02Z

Revisions to the history part

U4656018: Revised description and history more historically without the rumored drinking story

2024-02-22T20:22:25Z

Revised description and history more historically without the rumored drinking story

U153435799: /* Flight performance */

2024-02-17T14:34:34Z

‎Flight performance

U44629479: Edits

2024-02-10T15:02:12Z

Edits

U138796218: Flight performance is not identical to the Su-27, the airframe is 570kg heavier than the Su-27 as stated in the wiki page for the two aircrafts.

2024-02-07T08:43:14Z

Flight performance is not identical to the Su-27, the airframe is 570kg heavier than the Su-27 as stated in the wiki page for the two aircrafts.

@@ Line 242: / Line 242: @@
 ; Air Battle - The Far East Flanker
-The concept of Flanker series are solely for air-interception missions; just looking to the overall payload of J-11, it still leave the trace of Soviet air-defense doctrine of intercepting enemy bombers with SARH missiles. But before players can unleash missile hell against enemy jets, R-27T1 and R-73E will be the only options for the J-11 at early stages; while R-73E is known for their maneuverability even at close distance and sufficient tracking radius against enemy targets, players will need to get used to a major rule of top-tier battles: always aim for those who didn't launch flares to interfere with the missile seeker. In most cases, jets within the 4 km radius of J-11 can be potential prey of R-73E as they are likely be concentrated on taking out friendly jets; thanks to the HMD on J-11 and great overload of R-73E, players can employ some of the most impressive maneuvers to make sure the missile is within the firing range. In most cases, unless enemy jets launched flares in very short interval, they will become easy prey for the missile. As for the R-27 series, both the E and R series with IR/radar seeker are the the best friends of J-11 thanks to their impressive thrust and overload at long distance; as long as the missile can keep on the track with enemy targets, both high and low-altitude targets will become an easy prey for players while earning more experiences for other usages.
+The concept of Flanker series are solely for air-interception missions; just looking to the overall payload of J-11, it still leave the trace of Soviet air-defense doctrine of intercepting enemy bombers with SARH missiles. But before players can unleash missile hell against enemy jets, R-27T1 and R-73E will be the only options for the J-11 at early stages; while R-73E is known for their maneuverability even at close distance and sufficient tracking radius against enemy targets, players will need to get used to a major rule of top-tier battles: always aim for those who didn't launch flares to interfere with the missile seeker. In most cases, jets within the 4 km radius of J-11 can be potential prey of R-73E as they are likely be concentrated on taking out friendly jets; thanks to the HMD on J-11 and great overload of R-73E, players can employ some of the most impressive maneuvers to make sure the missile is within the firing range. In most cases, unless enemy jets launched flares in very short interval, they will become easy prey for the missile. As for the R-27 series, both the E and R series with IR/radar seeker are the the best friends of J-11 thanks to their impressive thrust and overload at long distance; as long as the missile can keep on the track with enemy targets, both high and low-altitude targets will become an easy prey for players while earning more experiences for other usages. By current battle rating at 13.0, due to its appearance at sometimes high tier battles, the lack of ARH AAMs is a major problem for J-11 where players have to approach into 20 km for HMS /ACM vertical scan lock onto enemy jets which is already the activation range of any ARH AAMs above its tier, thus players have to be very careful on planning assault routes. Avoid where the main forces will appear at all cost by the early stage of battle and also conserve missiles for these cases; when the situation turns into a turmoil for some quick and easy victories, players can take low-altitude approach around 50 m height (for the "multi-pathing") and avoid radar acquisitions, then leap into the main battlefield with HMS mode for any visible targets - this will be the scenario where the R-27ER1/ET1 excels thanks to their impressive acceleration and velocity; targets within this radius will likely meet a miserable end from the R-27 series while players can save friendly jets from their ultimate demise.
 But when players have the need to gun down enemy jets in dogfights, while the powerplants and design of J-11 can make sure it can sustain long enough dogfight before it took out enemies or the arrival of friendly jets, as mentioned in previous paragraph, it is better leave the J-11 as an interceptor to take out any high-altitude targets who also planned to take out the friendly targets with SARH or ARH missiles (i.e. F-14B), thus players have to keep a keen eye on any radar signals on the SPO-15LM RWR or from its N001E radar. Make sure to pick the best possible target to dealt with as this can also help friendlies to secure the victory of battle, as well as evading enemy tracking radar as much as possible which gives them as little reaction time as possible - it is always better to take out enemy targets before they even have the chance to fire upon friendly targets, which can in turn affect the morality of enemy team as well.
@@ Line 257: / Line 257: @@
 ** FBW control with great maneuverability even at low speeds
 * Up to 10 missiles at once with flexibility for both long and short range combats
-* IRST for concealed detection of enemies
+* IRST and TWS scan for concealed detection of enemies
 * Large fuel tanks without the need for drop tanks
 * Devastating 30 mm autocannon to tear down enemy targets
@@ Line 295: / Line 295: @@
 ;Skins
 * [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=j_11 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 |-
 | ''Stationary'' || 7,220 kgf || 11,660 kgf
-| 1.21 || 1.10 || 1.00 || 0.88 || 0.68
+| 1.18 || 1.10 || 1.00 || 0.88 || 0.68
 |-
 | ''Optimal'' || 7,220 kgf<br>(0 km/h) || 15,640 kgf<br>(1,540 km/h)

@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 ! 13m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 44m fuel || MGW
 |-
-| ''Stationary'' || 7,450 kgf || 12,028 kgf
+| ''Stationary'' || 7,220 kgf || 11,660 kgf
-| 1.21 || 1.14 || 1.03 || 0.91 || 0.70
+| 1.21 || 1.10 || 1.00 || 0.88 || 0.68
 |-
-| ''Optimal'' || 7,450 kgf<br>(0 km/h) || 15,640 kgf<br>(1,540 km/h)
+| ''Optimal'' || 7,220 kgf<br>(0 km/h) || 15,640 kgf<br>(1,540 km/h)
 | 1.58 || 1.48 || 1.34 || 1.19 || 0.91
 |-

@@ Line 293: / Line 293: @@
 == Media ==
 <!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
-''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''
 == See also ==

@@ Line 275: / Line 275: @@
 ==== The Komsomolets from Far East ====
-The [[Su-27]] (NATO: Flanker) series were one of the top secrets of the Soviet Union since its introduction in 1985 with the PVO (Su-27P interceptor), which was deemed not-for-sale during the early days of its service as the USSR promotes their [[MiG-29_(Family)|MiG-29 series]] to their allies and potential customers. By May 1989, Mikhail Gobachev made his historical visit to Mainland China amid Chinese's nationwide protests for reform; however, the protests soon escalated to riots and resulted with the sanctions from NATO countries for any further military projects. After the halt of [[J-8B|J-8II]] Project 8-2 and the commence of Project 8-3, PLAAF has dire need for new interceptors to fill in the gap; a team of general staff led by Liu Huaqing (刘华清) went to USSR in May 1990 for the purchase of Soviet fighter jets as the Project 90-6 (906工程). During the talks, Soviet general staffs originally only opted MiG-29 as the export product and deemed PLAAF not able to reverse engineer the aircraft in short time, while PLAAF officials saw the inferior range and electronics of MiG-29 during their visit to Kubinka Air Base; however, Yevgeny Shaposhnikov, the last Minister of Defense in future, saw the possibilities to sell their most advanced fighter jets to Mainland China despite the pressure from Soviet officials.
+The [[Su-27]] (NATO: Flanker) series were one of the top secrets of the Soviet Union since its introduction in 1985 with the PVO (Su-27P interceptor), although plans to export Su-27 has been in development since 1987, due to the dire need for funding to further develop the Flanker family, Soviet Government revoked the 1988 certification with downgraded electronics and ECM equipment after listening to the suggestions from Sukhoi engineers, instead, the new revision with only the removal of R-27E started on November 1989 and passed for export certifications on 12 February 1990. Just a few months earlier on May 1989, Mikhail Gobachev made his historical visit to Mainland China amid Chinese's nationwide protests for reform; however, the protests soon escalated to riots and resulted with the sanctions from NATO countries for any further military projects. After the halt of [[J-8B|J-8II]] Project 8-2 and the commence of Project 8-3, PLAAF has dire need for new interceptors to fill in the gap; a team of general staff led by Liu Huaqing (刘华清) went to USSR in May 1990 for the purchase of Soviet fighter jets, the two countries held a conference on 31 May where the general staffs eventually knew the existence of Su-27 from the mouth of Yevgeny Shaposhnikov, the last Minister of Defense in future, the approval of negotiations and import of Soviet jet fighters was then codednamed the Project 906 (906工程). During the talks, Soviet general staffs originally only opted MiG-29 as the export product and deemed PLAAF not able to reverse-engineer the aircraft in short time, while PLAAF officials saw the inferior range and electronics of MiG-29 as the deal-breaker; however, Shaposhnikov saw the possibilities to sell their most advanced fighter jets to Mainland China despite the pressure from Soviet officials. By the time Chinese general staffs departed for Mainland China, Soviet government has approved the sales in principle.
-Soon after the negotiations, USSR general staffs authorized the export of Flankers to Mainland China by October 1990; before the collapse of the Red Giant, Soviet Union agreed for the sales of 18 Su-27SK and 6 of its twin-seater variant, Su-27UBK at US $1 billion as the 38th batch of Su-27 produced by KnAAPO (Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant) and Irkut at Irkutsk in 1991. To pay these 24+2 ''<small>(Note: 2 more used Su-27UBKs and engine parts were acquired at discounted rates straight from Sukhoi, purchased solely with goods trading)</small>'' jets from Soviet Union, both country agreed for partial payment at 35% ''(5% from State Council, 30% from arms trades approved by CMC)'' with USD while the remaining would be industrial products from China, namely water kettles, blankets and hide coats; which rose fights for this deal between Chinese factories. The first two Su-27UBKs from Sukhoi arrived on 30th May way before the official delivery of the first 12 jets (eight SK and four UBK) delivered from Dzhida Airbase in Buryatia, to Wuhu Wanli Airbase, Anhui on the morning of 27th June, 1991; the remaining jets were all delivered in 25th November 1992 straight from Komosomolsk-on-Amur, where they were manufactured. <ref>https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1wi4y1k7pq/
+Soon after the negotiations and the impressive demonstration for PLA general staffs on August and September of 1990 at the Kubinka Airbase performed by Viktor Pugachev himself ''(the namesake of Pugachev's Cobra)'', USSR general staffs authorized the export of Flankers to Mainland China by October 1990; however Soviet officials originally decided to export the 1st revision with downgraded electronics, this of course cause outrages to PLA officials. Soviet officials arrived in Beijing on December 1990 for the final negotiations and eventually, Soviet Union officially approved for the sale of 18 Su-27SK and 6 of its twin-seater variant, Su-27UBK at US $1 billion as the 38th batch of Su-27 produced by KnAAPO ''(Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant)'' and Irkut at Irkutsk on 28 December. To pay these 24+2 ''<small>(Note: 2 more used Su-27UBKs and engine parts were acquired at discounted rates straight from Sukhoi, purchased solely with goods trading)</small>'' jets from Soviet Union, both country agreed for partial payment at 35% ''(5% from State Council, 30% from arms trades approved by CMC)'' with USD while the remaining would be industrial products from China, namely water kettles, blankets and hide coats; which rose fights for this deal between Chinese factories. The first two Su-27UBKs from Sukhoi arrived on 30th May way before the official delivery of the first 12 jets (eight SK and four UBK) delivered from Dzhida Airbase in Buryatia, to Wuhu Wanli Airbase, Anhui on the morning of 27th June, 1991; the remaining jets were all delivered in 25th November 1992 straight from Komosomolsk-on-Amur, where they were manufactured. <ref>https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1wi4y1k7pq/
 A video on the purchase of Flankers</ref>
@@ Line 287: / Line 287: @@
 <small>''Trivia 2: Russian pilots flew even faster than PLAAF general staffs who departed from Beijing during the June delivery, thus the jets and pilots would have to wait for the general staffs instead of opposite; all Soviet and Chinese pilots, as well as interpreters involved received USD$ 2000 bonus for their mission.''</small><ref name=":0" />
-Soon after the introduction of Flankers in PLAAF service, PLAAF went for the production license of Su-27S and threatened the Russians with no further orders after the 39th batch (22 jets); this later led to a long negotiation since August 1993 and eventually set the deal in December 1996, where 200 Su-27SK would be produced by SAC within 15 years. SAC would receive the CKD kits of Su-27SK from KnAAPO to be assembled locally, while future jets would be SKD kits with progressive rate on domestic parts; the Project 11 (11号工程) lead by Li Ming (李明; chief engineer of J-8II) soon received the documents in 1995 for the preparation of domestic assembly, the engineer team translated the documents for a year. With the manufacture equipment and SKD kits delivered to Shenyang in Spring of 1998, SAC assembled a complete jet with the help of Russian engineers and the first domestic assembled Su-27SK, now J-11A "Blue 49" with batch number 0001, soared into the skies on 1st September, 1998, marking one of the page of cooperation between Mainland China and Russia 4 decades after the split.
+Soon after the introduction of Flankers in PLAAF service, PLAAF went for the production license of Su-27S and threatened the Russians with no further orders after the 39th batch ''(22 jets; totaled at 48 Su-27 series)''; this later led to a long negotiation since August 1993 and eventually set the deal in December 1996, where 200 Su-27SK would be assembled or produced by SAC within 15 years with 2 batches (105; 95 jets). SAC would receive the CKD kits of Su-27SK from KnAAPO to be assembled locally, while future jets would be SKD kits with progressive replacement with domestic parts; the Project 11 (11号工程) lead by Li Ming ''(李明; chief engineer of J-8II)'' soon received the documents in 1995 for the preparation of domestic assembly, the engineer team translated the documents for a year. With the manufacture equipment and SKD kits delivered to Shenyang in Spring of 1998, SAC assembled a complete jet with the help of Russian engineers and the first domestic assembled Su-27SK, now J-11(A) "Blue 49" with batch number 0001, soared into the skies on 1st September, 1998, marking one of the page of cooperation between Mainland China and Russia 4 decades after the split.
-The J-11A series would be produced for another 4 batches (01xx to 04xx) before SAC finalized and digitalized the Flanker for domestic improvements, which would later known as the J-11B (Flanker-L) since 2006; while some J-11A received domestic and Belarusian upgrades for upgraded FCS with ARH missile capabilities and new avionics (most notably the original command datalink screen was replaced by a MFI-55 MFD and a few installed domestic UV MAWS). The Su-27SK and J-11A have been decommissioned by 2020s, likely been replaced by Chinese Flankers; while the Su-27UBK are still in service in small quantities as lead-in trainers for units operating Flankers.
+The J-11(A) series would be produced for another 4 batches (01xx to 04xx) before SAC finalized and digitalized the design documents of Flanker for domestic improvements, which would later known as the J-11B (Flanker-L) since 2006; while some J-11A received domestic and Belarusian upgrades for upgraded FCS with ARH missile capabilities and new avionics (most notably the original command datalink screen was replaced by a MFI-55 MFD and a few installed domestic UV MAWS). The Su-27SK and J-11A have been decommissioned by 2020s, likely been replaced by Chinese Flankers; while the Su-27UBK are still in service in small quantities as lead-in trainers for units operating Flankers.
 == Media ==
@@ Line 315: / Line 315: @@
 {{AirManufacturer Shenyang}}
 {{China jet aircraft}}

@@ Line 271: / Line 271: @@
 == History ==
 <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 ==== The Komsomolets from Far East ====
-The [[Su-27]] (NATO: Flanker) series were one of the top secrets of the Soviet Union since its introduction in 1985 with the PVO (Su-27P interceptor), which was deemed not-for-sale during the early days of its service as the USSR promotes their [[MiG-29_(Family)|MiG-29 series]] to their allies and potential customers. By May 1989, Mikhail Gobachev made his historical visit to Mainland China amid Chinese's nationwide protests for reform; however, the protests soon escalated to riots and resulted with the sanctions from NATO countries for any further military projects. Yevgeny Shaposhnikov, the last Minister of Defense in future, saw the possibilities to sell fighter jets to Mainland China. After the halt of [[J-8B|J-8II]] Project 8-2 and the commence of Project 8-3, PLAAF has dire need for new interceptors to fill in the gap as ROCAF would soon acquire [[Mirage_2000-5F|Mirage 2000-5]] and [[F-16A_MLU_(China)|F-16A Block 20]]; a team of general staff led by Liu Huaqing (刘华清) went to USSR in May 1990 and for the purchase of Soviet fighter jets as the Project 90-6 (906工程). During the talks, Chinese generals knew the existence of PVO and VVS' Flankers and changed their mind as soon as the general staffs saw the Flanker in Kubinka Airbase, then Flanker became the obvious choice for PLAAF general staffs who came on August 1990 thanks to its impressive range and more advanced avionics than MiG-29.
+The [[Su-27]] (NATO: Flanker) series were one of the top secrets of the Soviet Union since its introduction in 1985 with the PVO (Su-27P interceptor), which was deemed not-for-sale during the early days of its service as the USSR promotes their [[MiG-29_(Family)|MiG-29 series]] to their allies and potential customers. By May 1989, Mikhail Gobachev made his historical visit to Mainland China amid Chinese's nationwide protests for reform; however, the protests soon escalated to riots and resulted with the sanctions from NATO countries for any further military projects. After the halt of [[J-8B|J-8II]] Project 8-2 and the commence of Project 8-3, PLAAF has dire need for new interceptors to fill in the gap; a team of general staff led by Liu Huaqing (刘华清) went to USSR in May 1990 for the purchase of Soviet fighter jets as the Project 90-6 (906工程). During the talks, Soviet general staffs originally only opted MiG-29 as the export product and deemed PLAAF not able to reverse engineer the aircraft in short time, while PLAAF officials saw the inferior range and electronics of MiG-29 during their visit to Kubinka Air Base; however, Yevgeny Shaposhnikov, the last Minister of Defense in future, saw the possibilities to sell their most advanced fighter jets to Mainland China despite the pressure from Soviet officials.
-Soon after the negotiations, USSR general staffs authorized the export of Flankers to Mainland China by October 1990; before the collapse of the Red Giant, Soviet Union agreed for the sales of 18 Su-27SK and 6 of its twin-seater variant, Su-27UBK at US $1 billion as the 38th batch of Su-27 produced by KnAAPO (Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant); these jets were all delivered in November 1992. Soon after the introduction of Flankers in PLAAF service, PLAAF went for the production license of Su-27S and threatened the Russians with no further orders after the 39th batch (22 jets); this later led to a long negotiation since August 1993 and eventually set the deal in December 1996, where 200 Su-27SK would be produced by SAC within 15 years. SAC would receive the CKD kits of Su-27SK from KnAAPO to be assembled locally, while future jets would be SKD kits with progressive rate on domestic parts; the Project 11 (11号工程) lead by Li Ming (李明; chief engineer of J-8II) soon received the documents in 1995 for the preparation of domestic assembly, the engineer team translated the documents for a year. With the manufacture equipment and SKD kits delivered to Shenyang in Spring of 1998, SAC assembled a complete jet with the help of Russian engineers and the first domestic assembled Su-27SK, now J-11A "Blue 49" with batch number 0001, soared into the skies on 1st September, 1998, marking one of the page of cooperation between Mainland China and Russia 4 decades after the split.
+Soon after the introduction of Flankers in PLAAF service, PLAAF went for the production license of Su-27S and threatened the Russians with no further orders after the 39th batch (22 jets); this later led to a long negotiation since August 1993 and eventually set the deal in December 1996, where 200 Su-27SK would be produced by SAC within 15 years. SAC would receive the CKD kits of Su-27SK from KnAAPO to be assembled locally, while future jets would be SKD kits with progressive rate on domestic parts; the Project 11 (11号工程) lead by Li Ming (李明; chief engineer of J-8II) soon received the documents in 1995 for the preparation of domestic assembly, the engineer team translated the documents for a year. With the manufacture equipment and SKD kits delivered to Shenyang in Spring of 1998, SAC assembled a complete jet with the help of Russian engineers and the first domestic assembled Su-27SK, now J-11A "Blue 49" with batch number 0001, soared into the skies on 1st September, 1998, marking one of the page of cooperation between Mainland China and Russia 4 decades after the split.
 The J-11A series would be produced for another 4 batches (01xx to 04xx) before SAC finalized and digitalized the Flanker for domestic improvements, which would later known as the J-11B (Flanker-L) since 2006; while some J-11A received domestic and Belarusian upgrades for upgraded FCS with ARH missile capabilities and new avionics (most notably the original command datalink screen was replaced by a MFI-55 MFD and a few installed domestic UV MAWS). The Su-27SK and J-11A have been decommissioned by 2020s, likely been replaced by Chinese Flankers; while the Su-27UBK are still in service in small quantities as lead-in trainers for units operating Flankers.

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 == Description ==
 <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
-The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (歼-11型歼击机; NATO Codename: Flanker-B), aka '''Su-27SK''' by Sukhoi or '''苏-27''' in PLAAF manuals, is one of the main composition of the PLAAF's modern interceptor fleet since the early 1990s as the overseas solution to upgrade the outdated PLAAF. By 1989, soon after the improving of Sino-Soviet relationships and the nationwide riots during the economic reform, the only viable solution to upgrade PLAAF was from USSR due to the subsequent embargo imposed by NATO countries; a group of military staffs of PLAAF soon departed for the USSR to import the latest Soviet interceptors. Initially, the VVS promoted the [[MiG-29]] to Chinese generals during their visit to Kubinka Airbase, but the generals soon spotted the state-of-the-art interceptor [[Su-27|Su-27S]] at the airbase and the later crash of the Fulcrum during a demonstration flight made the PLAAF go for the Flanker. After a series of meetings and an interesting behind-the-scene story, the deal was set to purchase the 38th and 39th batches of Su-27S at around USD $1 Billion for 24 jets (18 Su-27SK and 6 UBK twin-seater) and 22 jets respectively. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the PLAAF saw the possibility to purchase the production license of the Su-27SK in 1993. After threats that no further jets would be ordered from KnAAPO and a long negotiation with the now-Russian Federation, 200 Su-27SK would be assembled by SAC within 15 years since 1996. The licensed Su-27SK, now called J-11A would increase domestic production rate through the 5 batches. The design of Flanker alongside with its blueprints and punched tapes were further refined by Chinese engineers with the help of CAD, revising the redundancies of the original design and eventually set the foundation for the J-11B (Flanker-L) and future Flanker derivatives.
+The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (歼-11型歼击机; NATO Codename: Flanker-B), aka '''Su-27SK''' by Sukhoi or '''苏-27''' in PLAAF manuals, is one of the main composition of the PLAAF's modern interceptor fleet since the early 1990s as the overseas solution to upgrade the outdated PLAAF. By 1989, soon after the improving of Sino-Soviet relationships and the nationwide riots during the economic reform, the only viable solution to upgrade PLAAF was from USSR due to the subsequent embargo imposed by NATO countries; a group of military staffs of PLAAF soon departed for the USSR to import the latest Soviet interceptors on May 1990. Initially, the VVS promoted the [[MiG-29]] to Chinese generals during their visit to Kubinka Airbase, but the generals soon spotted the state-of-the-art interceptor [[Su-27|Su-27S]] at the airbase  made the PLAAF go for the Flanker. After a series of meetings since during June to September of 1990, the deal was set to purchase the 38th batches at around USD $1 Billion for 24 jets (18 Su-27SK and 6 UBK twin-seater) by March 1991 and 39th batches of 22 Su-27S respectively. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the PLAAF saw the possibility to purchase the production license of the Su-27SK in 1993. After threats that no further jets would be ordered from KnAAPO and a long negotiation with the now-Russian Federation, the new deal was set for 200 Su-27SK assembled by SAC within 15 years since 1996. The licensed Su-27SK, now called J-11A would increase domestic production rate through the 5 batches. The design of Flanker alongside with its blueprints and punched tapes were further refined by Chinese engineers with the help of CAD that was first used on J-10 and later JH-7A, revising the redundancies of the original design and eventually set the foundation for the J-11B (Flanker-L) and future Flanker derivatives.
-Introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]] as part of the upgrade, the J-11 shares a close to identical performance to its Soviet counterpart (while 570 kg heavier). Thanks to its well refined aerodynamic design, power engines, loads of A-A weaponries and sufficiently powerful radar/IRST, the J-11 leads the PLAAF into the current apex of air battles. While its sheer size and inferior electronics can be a problem in different occasions, the J-11 will not disappoint players with its iconic features.
+Introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]] as part of the upgrade, the J-11 shares a close to identical performance to its Soviet counterpart (while 570 kg heavier). Thanks to its well refined aerodynamic design, power engines, loads of A-A weaponries and sufficiently powerful radar/IRST, the J-11 leads the PLAAF into the current apex of air battles. While its sheer size and inferior electronics can be a problem in different occasions, the J-11 will not disappoint players with Flanker's iconic features.
 == General info ==
@@ Line 272: / Line 272: @@
 <!-- ''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).'' -->
 ==== The Komsomolets from Far East ====
-The [[Su-27]] (NATO: Flanker) series were one of the top secrets of the Soviet Union since its introduction in 1985 with the PVO (Su-27P interceptor), which was deemed not-for-sale during the early days of its service as the USSR promotes their [[MiG-29_(Family)|MiG-29 series]] to their allies and potential customers. By May 1989, Mikhail Gobachev made his historical visit to Mainland China amid Chinese's nationwide protests for reform; however, the protests soon escalated to riots and resulted with the sanctions from NATO countries for any further military projects. Yevgeny Shaposhnikov, the last Minister of Defense in future, saw the possibilities to sell fighter jets to Mainland China. After the halt of [[J-8B|J-8II]] Project 8-2 and the commence of Project 8-3, PLAAF has dire need for new interceptors to fill in the gap as ROCAF would soon acquire [[Mirage_2000-5F|Mirage 2000-5]] and [[F-16A_MLU_(China)|F-16A Block 20]]; a team of general staff led by Liu Huaqing (刘华清) went to USSR in May 1990 and for the purchase of Soviet fighter jets as the Project 90-6 (906工程). During the talks, Chinese knew the existence of PVO and VVS' Flankers and changed their mind as soon as the general staffs saw the Flanker in Kubinka Airbase; soon after the crash of a [[MiG-29]] during demonstration flight later in September, Flanker became the obvious choice for PLAAF general staffs.
+The [[Su-27]] (NATO: Flanker) series were one of the top secrets of the Soviet Union since its introduction in 1985 with the PVO (Su-27P interceptor), which was deemed not-for-sale during the early days of its service as the USSR promotes their [[MiG-29_(Family)|MiG-29 series]] to their allies and potential customers. By May 1989, Mikhail Gobachev made his historical visit to Mainland China amid Chinese's nationwide protests for reform; however, the protests soon escalated to riots and resulted with the sanctions from NATO countries for any further military projects. Yevgeny Shaposhnikov, the last Minister of Defense in future, saw the possibilities to sell fighter jets to Mainland China. After the halt of [[J-8B|J-8II]] Project 8-2 and the commence of Project 8-3, PLAAF has dire need for new interceptors to fill in the gap as ROCAF would soon acquire [[Mirage_2000-5F|Mirage 2000-5]] and [[F-16A_MLU_(China)|F-16A Block 20]]; a team of general staff led by Liu Huaqing (刘华清) went to USSR in May 1990 and for the purchase of Soviet fighter jets as the Project 90-6 (906工程). During the talks, Chinese generals knew the existence of PVO and VVS' Flankers and changed their mind as soon as the general staffs saw the Flanker in Kubinka Airbase, then Flanker became the obvious choice for PLAAF general staffs who came on August 1990 thanks to its impressive range and more advanced avionics than MiG-29.
-<small>''There was a very interesting story behind the negotiations: according to the memories from Lin Hu (林虎), the vice-commander of PLAAF at the time, to defeat the "Ustinov's Rule", named after Dmitriy Feodorovich Ustinov (ex-Minister of Defense of USSR) where Soviet general staffs would use vodka as a way to negotiate for military aids/sales, PLAAF general staff found an officer who is "immune to alcohol" and eventually "took down" all Soviet general staffs in Beijing, earning a discounted price for the Flankers.''</small>
+Soon after the negotiations, USSR general staffs authorized the export of Flankers to Mainland China by October 1990; before the collapse of the Red Giant, Soviet Union agreed for the sales of 18 Su-27SK and 6 of its twin-seater variant, Su-27UBK at US $1 billion as the 38th batch of Su-27 produced by KnAAPO (Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant); these jets were all delivered in November 1992. Soon after the introduction of Flankers in PLAAF service, PLAAF went for the production license of Su-27S and threatened the Russians with no further orders after the 39th batch (22 jets); this later led to a long negotiation since August 1993 and eventually set the deal in December 1996, where 200 Su-27SK would be produced by SAC within 15 years. SAC would receive the CKD kits of Su-27SK from KnAAPO to be assembled locally, while future jets would be SKD kits with progressive rate on domestic parts; the Project 11 (11号工程) lead by Li Ming (李明; chief engineer of J-8II) soon received the documents in 1995 for the preparation of domestic assembly, the engineer team translated the documents for a year. With the manufacture equipment and SKD kits delivered to Shenyang in Spring of 1998, SAC assembled a complete jet with the help of Russian engineers and the first domestic assembled Su-27SK, now J-11A "Blue 49" with batch number 0001, soared into the skies on 1st September, 1998, marking one of the page of cooperation between Mainland China and Russia 4 decades after the split.
-Soon after the negotiations, USSR general staffs said there were possibilities to export Flankers to Mainland China; before the collapse of the Red Giant, Soviet Union agreed for the sales of 18 Su-27SK and 6 of its twin-seater variant, Su-27UBK at US $1 billion as the 38th batch of Su-27 produced by KnAAPO (Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant); these jets were all delivered in November 1992. Soon after the introduction of Flankers in PLAAF service, PLAAF went for the production license of Su-27S and threatened the Russians with no further orders after the 39th batch (22 jets); this later led to a long negotiation since August 1993 and eventually set the deal in December 1996, where 200 Su-27SK would be produced by SAC within 15 years. SAC would receive the CKD kits of Su-27SK from KnAAPO to be assembled locally, while future jets would be SKD kits with progressive rate on domestic parts; the Project 11 (11号工程) lead by Li Ming (李明; chief engineer of J-8II) soon received the documents in 1995 for the preparation of domestic assembly, the engineer team translated the documents for a year. With the manufacture equipment and SKD kits delivered to Shenyang in Spring of 1998, SAC assembled a complete jet with the help of Russian engineers and the first domestic assembled Su-27SK, now J-11A "Blue 49" with batch number 0001, soared into the skies on 1st September, 1998, marking one of the page of cooperation between Mainland China and Russia 4 decades after the split.
+The J-11A series would be produced for another 4 batches (01xx to 04xx) before SAC finalized and digitalized the Flanker for domestic improvements, which would later known as the J-11B (Flanker-L) since 2006; while some J-11A received domestic and Belarusian upgrades for upgraded FCS with ARH missile capabilities and new avionics (most notably the original command datalink screen was replaced by a MFI-55 MFD and a few installed domestic UV MAWS). The Su-27SK and J-11A have been decommissioned by 2020s, likely been replaced by Chinese Flankers; while the Su-27UBK are still in service in small quantities as lead-in trainers for units operating Flankers.
 == Media ==

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 == Description ==
 <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
-The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (歼-11型歼击机; NATO Codename: Flanker-B), aka '''Su-27SK''' by Sukhoi or '''苏-27''' in PLAAF manuals, is one of the main composition of modern PLAAF's interceptor fleet since the early 1990s as the overseas solution to upgrade the outdated-PLAAF. By 1989, soon after the improving of Sino-Soviet relationships and the nationwide riots during the economic reform, the only viable solution to upgrade PLAAF was from USSR due to the subsequence embargo imposed by NATO countries; a group of military staffs of PLAAF soon departed for USSR to import the latest interceptors of USSR. Initially, the VVS promoted the [[MiG-29]] to Chinese generals during their visit to Kubinka Airbase, but the generals soon spotted the state-of-the-art interceptor - [[Su-27|Su-27S]] - in the airbase and later crash of the Fulcrum during demonstration flight made PLAAF go for the Flanker. After series of meetings and an interesting behind-the-scene story, the deal was set to purchase the 38th and 39th batches of Su-27S at around USD $1 Billion for 24 jets (18 Su-27SK and 6 UBK twin-seater) and 22 jets respectively. After the fall of Soviet Union, PLAAF saw the possibilities to purchase the production license of Su-27SK in 1993. After threats for no further jets would be ordered from KnAAPO and a long negotiation with the now-Russia Federation, 200 Su-27SK would be assembled by SAC within 15 years since 1996; the licensed Su-27SK, now called J-11A would increase domestic production rate through the 5 batches. The design of Flanker alongside with its blueprints and punched tapes were further refined by Chinese engineers with the help of CAD, revising the redundancies on the original design and eventually set the foundation for J-11B (Flanker-L) and future Flanker derivatives.
+The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (歼-11型歼击机; NATO Codename: Flanker-B), aka '''Su-27SK''' by Sukhoi or '''苏-27''' in PLAAF manuals, is one of the main composition of the PLAAF's modern interceptor fleet since the early 1990s as the overseas solution to upgrade the outdated PLAAF. By 1989, soon after the improving of Sino-Soviet relationships and the nationwide riots during the economic reform, the only viable solution to upgrade PLAAF was from USSR due to the subsequent embargo imposed by NATO countries; a group of military staffs of PLAAF soon departed for the USSR to import the latest Soviet interceptors. Initially, the VVS promoted the [[MiG-29]] to Chinese generals during their visit to Kubinka Airbase, but the generals soon spotted the state-of-the-art interceptor [[Su-27|Su-27S]] at the airbase and the later crash of the Fulcrum during a demonstration flight made the PLAAF go for the Flanker. After a series of meetings and an interesting behind-the-scene story, the deal was set to purchase the 38th and 39th batches of Su-27S at around USD $1 Billion for 24 jets (18 Su-27SK and 6 UBK twin-seater) and 22 jets respectively. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the PLAAF saw the possibility to purchase the production license of the Su-27SK in 1993. After threats that no further jets would be ordered from KnAAPO and a long negotiation with the now-Russian Federation, 200 Su-27SK would be assembled by SAC within 15 years since 1996. The licensed Su-27SK, now called J-11A would increase domestic production rate through the 5 batches. The design of Flanker alongside with its blueprints and punched tapes were further refined by Chinese engineers with the help of CAD, revising the redundancies of the original design and eventually set the foundation for the J-11B (Flanker-L) and future Flanker derivatives.
-Introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]] as part of the upgrade, J-11 shares close to identical performance to its Soviet counterpart (570kg heavier.) Thanks to its well refined aerodynamic design, power engines, loads of A-A weaponries and sufficiently powerful radar/IRST, J-11 leads PLAAF into the current apex of air battles. While its sheer size and inferior electronics can be a problem in different occasions, J-11 will not disappoint players with its iconic features.
+Introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]] as part of the upgrade, the J-11 shares a close to identical performance to its Soviet counterpart (while 570 kg heavier). Thanks to its well refined aerodynamic design, power engines, loads of A-A weaponries and sufficiently powerful radar/IRST, the J-11 leads the PLAAF into the current apex of air battles. While its sheer size and inferior electronics can be a problem in different occasions, the J-11 will not disappoint players with its iconic features.
 == General info ==
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 {{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
 <!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' -->
-In short words: the overall flight performance is close to identical to Soviet's Su-27. Thanks to the well-refined airframe which took almost a decade to design, Su-27 series is famous for its great manoeuvrability even at its huge size, to put it in perspective: Su-27/J-11 is almost 4 m longer than MiG-29 series at 21 m, while it is at very similar length to PLAAF's own J-8II series, the large, trapezium wing still makes it the overall largest PLAAF interceptor up to present day (including the domestic refined J-11B and later variants). In first glance, players might consider such a huge jet doesn't have as much manoeuvrability as MiG-29 series; when they eventually have the chance to fight J-11, they will soon know that it will be a hassle to handle, thanks to the FBW systems, airframe designs and two powerful AL-31F engine that gives almost average T/W ratio at 1.0, most earlier jets from lower BR will have major problem handling J-11. When players expect to see an stall-out Flanker, what they might see is that: their own jet will be the first one to stall out before the Flanker eventually stalls out, sometimes even performing the iconic Pugachev's Cobra - where the jet can achieve up to 110° AoA at such speed while pulling the control stick and level out at the same altitude, therefore players might want to think twice before engaging J-11.
+In short words: the overall flight performance is close to identical to Soviet's Su-27. Thanks to the well-refined airframe which took almost a decade to design, the Su-27 series is famous for its great manoeuvrability even at its huge size. To put it in perspective: the Su-27/J-11 is almost 4 m longer than MiG-29 series at 21 m, while it is at very similar length to PLAAF's own J-8II series, the large, trapezium wing still makes it the overall largest PLAAF interceptor up to present day (including the domestic refined J-11B and later variants). In first glance, players might consider such a huge jet doesn't have as much manoeuvrability as MiG-29 series; when they eventually have the chance to fight the J-11, they will soon know that it will be a hassle to handle, thanks to the FBW systems, airframe designs and two powerful AL-31F engine that gives almost average T/W ratio at 1.0, most earlier jets from lower BR will have major problem handling the J-11. When players expect to see an stall-out Flanker, what they might see is that: their own jet will be the first one to stall out before the Flanker eventually stalls out, sometimes even performing the iconic Pugachev's Cobra - where the jet can achieve up to 110° AoA at such speed while pulling the control stick and level out at the same altitude, therefore players might want to think twice before engaging the J-11.
-But just like what the introduction mentioned, the problem is also its sheer size. Considering for its 21x14 m size, it is also easy to land shots or missiles upon J-11 if players make an error during aerial dogfights; any damaged part of the airframe will significantly increase drag of Flanker and thus higher risk of being shot down. Be sure to utilize its manoeuvrability in solo fights, not gang fights with very little reaction time and room for errors - one wrong move can be its demise. As for the Pugachev's Cobra,  it is more of aerobatics than a tactic to reverse the battle, it is never a good idea to show the largest possible surface area to enemy guns.
+But just like what the introduction mentioned, the problem is also its sheer size. Considering for its 21x14 m size, it is also easy to land shots or missiles upon the J-11 if players make an error during aerial dogfights; any damaged part of the airframe will significantly increase drag of Flanker and thus higher risk of being shot down. Be sure to utilize its manoeuvrability in solo fights, not gang fights with very little reaction time and room for errors - one wrong move can be its demise. As for the Pugachev's Cobra,  it is more of aerobatics than a tactic to reverse the battle, it is never a good idea to show the largest possible surface area to enemy guns.
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 ; Ground Battle - The Long-time Tradition
-Among the Chinese community, there were a saying that ''"Anything in PLAAF must come with ground-attack capabilities using unguided rockets"''. This is in fact true for J-11 in this case as there are many images from PLAAF showing Su-27SK or future J-11B series carrying Russian/domestic rocket pods for ground attacks. The Flanker family is known for their interception capabilities but the rather abundant payload is also a good platform for ground-attack operations albeit lacking any precision munitions; pylons on J-11 is totally identical to Su-27S with multiple payload point, when players think a Flanker is nowhere an attacker, it does in fact have even more bombs in quantity to Chinese domestic JH-7A (30 250 kg bombs vs 22 250kg bombs) in case players want to cause extensive damage to enemy armored column. Players can also go for even more bombs with 100 kg bombs or better kill radius with 500 kg bombs, depending on the playstyle and the composition of enemy vehicles, it is always a good idea to carry varieties of bombs for heavy targets while leaving the rocket pods (twin pods) to handle light vehicles; for example, the FAB-500 series is a good idea to take out heavy targets in stationary or armored columns, while leaving B-8 or B-13 rocket pods against light vehicles or SPAAs. But as a thumb of rule of Flanker family in-game: always plan for your assault when entering the battlefield as enemy SPAAs or fighters would want to hunt down enemy jets as well. Thanks to the CCIP and CCRP onboard, J-11 can employ both high-altitude or low-altitude approach against enemy targets, either by bombing a certain area filled with enemy vehicles or evading SPAAs before unleashing hell against enemy players. If the skies are full of enemy jets which SPAA systems could not handle, it will also be a good time to utilize the great missiles on J-11 ranging from R-73E up to the devastating R-27ER1; it is always a good idea to pick careless players that are too concentrated on ground-attacks.
+Among the Chinese community, there were a saying that ''"Anything in PLAAF must come with ground-attack capabilities using unguided rockets"''. This is in fact true for J-11 in this case as there are many images from PLAAF showing Su-27SK or future J-11B series carrying Russian/domestic rocket pods for ground attacks. The Flanker family is known for their interception capabilities but the rather abundant payload is also a good platform for ground-attack operations albeit lacking any precision munitions; pylons on J-11 is totally identical to Su-27S with multiple payload point, when players think a Flanker is nowhere an attacker, it does in fact have even more bombs in quantity to Chinese domestic JH-7A (30 x 250 kg bombs vs. 22 x 250 kg bombs) in case players want to cause extensive damage to enemy armored column. Players can also go for even more bombs with 100 kg bombs or better kill radius with 500 kg bombs, depending on the playstyle and the composition of enemy vehicles, it is always a good idea to carry varieties of bombs for heavy targets while leaving the rocket pods (twin pods) to handle light vehicles; for example, the FAB-500 series is a good idea to take out heavy targets in stationary or armored columns, while leaving B-8 or B-13 rocket pods against light vehicles or SPAAs. But as a thumb of rule of Flanker family in-game: always plan for your assault when entering the battlefield as enemy SPAAs or fighters would want to hunt down enemy jets as well. Thanks to the CCIP and CCRP onboard, the J-11 can employ both high-altitude or low-altitude approach against enemy targets, either by bombing a certain area filled with enemy vehicles or evading SPAAs before unleashing hell against enemy players. If the skies are full of enemy jets which SPAA systems could not handle, it will also be a good time to utilize the great missiles on J-11 ranging from R-73E up to the devastating R-27ER1; it is always a good idea to pick careless players that are too concentrated on ground-attacks.
 === Pros and cons ===