I-180S - Revision history

U38088265: /* Description */

2023-10-25T08:56:47Z

‎Description

U120313908: /* Description */Updated to new format

2023-10-24T21:01:26Z

‎Description: Updated to new format

U44629479: Edits

2022-06-04T17:43:31Z

Edits

U44629479: Edits

2022-03-27T21:19:44Z

Edits

U52552378: added more details about using the I-180S in battles using what i've learned)

2022-03-27T04:45:19Z

added more details about using the I-180S in battles using what i've learned)

U44629479: Edits

2022-02-03T12:03:20Z

Edits

U43191476: Usage in battles and Pros/Cons

2022-02-02T21:19:46Z

Usage in battles and Pros/Cons

U38088265: /* Flight performance */

2021-08-19T15:32:38Z

‎Flight performance

U44629479: Edits

2021-05-04T18:48:28Z

Edits

U98661543: /* Pros and cons */

2021-05-04T18:45:04Z

‎Pros and cons

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 == Description ==
 <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
-The I-180S was an attempt by the Polikarpov Design Bureau to extract more performance out of the I-16s airframe. The aircraft had a troubled development including the death of one of it's test pilots in a prototype. The aircraft was meant to fulfil the requirements of a new interceptor with radial engines. The aircraft suffered problems with the engines and the propeller, being armed with a set of 2 x 12.7 mm Berezin BS and 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns over the engine. The cancellation of the I-180S is attributed by some historians to the intentions of promoting younger designers over Polikarpov, as well as favouritism in the high spheres of influence of the Soviet Union.
+The I-180S was an attempt by the Polikarpov Design Bureau to extract more performance out of the I-16's airframe. The aircraft had a troubled development, including the death of one of its test pilots in a prototype. The aircraft was meant to fulfil the requirements for a new interceptor with a radial engine. The aircraft suffered problems with the engines and the propeller, being armed with a set of 2 x 12.7 mm Berezin BS and 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns over the engine. The cancellation of the I-180S is attributed by some historians to the intentions of promoting younger designers over Polikarpov, as well as favouritism in the high spheres of influence of the Soviet Union.
-It was introduced during [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] as a reward for the 2019 [[wt:en/news/6145-special-battlefield-engineer-en|"Battlefield Engineer"]] event. The I-180S is very similar visually to the I-16 and it's many variants. It could even be considered a faster version of it, since it's creation was with the idea of using the I-16 as a basis for a more powerful fighter. The I-180 may lack the adequate weaponry compared to many fighters around it's BR that already fitt 20mm or even 30mm cannons. However the I-180 compensates this with outstanding flight performance, the acceleration is nothing too special but it has a very good top speed, climb rate and turn rate. This means that it can get into good positions since the start of the match, and even intercept bombers flying at high altitudes without much problem.
+It was introduced during [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] as a reward for the 2019 [[wt:en/news/6145-special-battlefield-engineer-en|"Battlefield Engineer"]] event. The I-180S is very similar visually to the I-16 and its many variants. It could even be considered a faster version of it, since its creation was with the idea of using the I-16 as a basis for a more powerful fighter. The I-180 may lack the adequate weaponry compared to many fighters around its BR that already fit 20 mm or even 30 mm cannons. However, the I-180 compensates this with outstanding flight performance, the acceleration is nothing too special but it has a very good top speed, climb rate, and turn rate. This means that it can get into good positions since the start of the match, and even intercept bombers flying at high altitudes without much problem.
 == General info ==
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 {{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
 <!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' -->
 The I-180S is a quite a manoeuvrable aircraft at its BR, being able to turn better than many fighters of its tier.
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 Although the I-180S is fairly manoeuvrable, there are some aircraft which can easily outturn it such as the British [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] and Japanese [[A6M (Family)|A6M Zero]]. Both of these fighter types have an excellent turn rate which means that dogfighting, even against a mediocre pilot, will most likely result in them getting on your tail. A recommended strategy to combat these types is to try to gain an altitude advantage or do a head-on with a quick snap-turn to out-run them and return for another pass.
 In RB/SB modes, the I-180S has a nasty habit of entering stalls at low speeds, especially when turnfighting with manual rudder and elevator controls - at which point, it falls like a rock for a few hundred metres. Daring pilots may be able to use this to their advantage to throw off pursuing planes, but be careful not to end up crashing.
 === Manual Engine Control ===
@@ Line 153: / Line 153: @@
 * Poor rudder control, difficult to perform wing-overs or hammerhead manoeuvres
 * Underarmoured for its tier
 * Damage to the wings, control surfaces, or engine modules can unbalance the aircraft and or cripple performance
 == History ==

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 == Description ==
 <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
-The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] as a reward for the 2019 [[wt:en/news/6145-special-battlefield-engineer-en|"Battlefield Engineer"]] event.
+The I-180S was an attempt by the Polikarpov Design Bureau to extract more performance out of the I-16s airframe. The aircraft had a troubled development including the death of one of it's test pilots in a prototype. The aircraft was meant to fulfil the requirements of a new interceptor with radial engines. The aircraft suffered problems with the engines and the propeller, being armed with a set of 2 x 12.7 mm Berezin BS and 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns over the engine. The cancellation of the I-180S is attributed by some historians to the intentions of promoting younger designers over Polikarpov, as well as favouritism in the high spheres of influence of the Soviet Union.
 == General info ==

@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 You can climb to about 4,000-5,000 m of altitude at the beginning of the battle and use Boom & Zoom tactic to get rid of some low-altitude enemies first. If there are any enemies above or at the same altitude as you, it is recommended to attempt to drag them into a dogfight. Head-on attacks are ill-advised against heavily armed and armoured planes such as the [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair]], [[P-40 (Family)|P-40 Warhawk]], and [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]] because the I-180S lacks armour around many critical components, including the pilot and fuel tank. The I-180S's armament seems to push the nose up a small amount, but good aim prevents this from being that much of an issue.
-Although the I-180S is fairly manoeuverable, there are some aircraft which can easily outturn it such as the British [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] and Japanese [[A6M (Family)|A6M Zero]]. Both of these fighter types have an excellent turn rate which means that dogfighting, even against a mediocre pilot, will most likely result in them getting on your tail. A recommended strategy to combat these types is to try to gain an altitude advantage or do a head-on with a quick snap-turn to out-run them and return for another pass.
+Although the I-180S is fairly manoeuvrable, there are some aircraft which can easily outturn it such as the British [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] and Japanese [[A6M (Family)|A6M Zero]]. Both of these fighter types have an excellent turn rate which means that dogfighting, even against a mediocre pilot, will most likely result in them getting on your tail. A recommended strategy to combat these types is to try to gain an altitude advantage or do a head-on with a quick snap-turn to out-run them and return for another pass.
 In RB/SB modes, the I-180S has a nasty habit of entering stalls at low speeds, especially when turnfighting with manual rudder and elevator controls - at which point, it falls like a rock for a few hundred metres. Daring pilots may be able to use this to their advantage to throw off pursuing planes, but be careful not to end up crashing.

@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 <!-- ''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.'' -->
-* 8 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
+* 8 mm Steel - Pilot seat
 * Large, single fuel tank in front of pilot
 * Uncovered cockpit (no cockpit roof)
@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 Although the I-180S is fairly manoeuverable, there are some aircraft which can easily outturn it such as the British [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] and Japanese [[A6M (Family)|A6M Zero]]. Both of these fighter types have an excellent turn rate which means that dogfighting, even against a mediocre pilot, will most likely result in them getting on your tail. A recommended strategy to combat these types is to try to gain an altitude advantage or do a head-on with a quick snap-turn to out-run them and return for another pass.
-In RB/SB modes, the I-180S has a nasty habit of entering stalls at low speeds, especially when turnfighting with manual rudder and elevator controls - at which point, it falls like a rock for a few hundred meters. Daring pilots may be able to use this to their advantage to throw off pursuing planes, but be careful not to crash yourself!
+In RB/SB modes, the I-180S has a nasty habit of entering stalls at low speeds, especially when turnfighting with manual rudder and elevator controls - at which point, it falls like a rock for a few hundred metres. Daring pilots may be able to use this to their advantage to throw off pursuing planes, but be careful not to end up crashing.
 === Manual Engine Control ===
@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 ;Manual activation
-* For those who manually activate the gearing, switch to second gear around 3,500 meters and drop the drop climb angle to 10-12 degrees which will make most effective use of the aircraft's engine and supercharger.
+* For those who manually activate the gearing, switch to second gear around 3,500 m and drop the drop climb angle to 10-12 degrees which will make most effective use of the aircraft's engine and supercharger.
 === Pros and cons ===

@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
-You can climb to about 4,000-5,000 m of altitude at the beginning of the battle and use Boom & Zoom tactic to get rid of some low-altitude enemies first. If there are any enemies above or at the same altitude as you, it is recommended to attempt to drag them into a dogfight. Head-on attacks are ill-advised against heavily armed and armoured planes such as the [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair]], [[P-40 (Family)|P-40 Warhawk]], and [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]] because the I-180S lacks armour around many critical components, including the pilot and fuel tank.
+You can climb to about 4,000-5,000 m of altitude at the beginning of the battle and use Boom & Zoom tactic to get rid of some low-altitude enemies first. If there are any enemies above or at the same altitude as you, it is recommended to attempt to drag them into a dogfight. Head-on attacks are ill-advised against heavily armed and armoured planes such as the [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair]], [[P-40 (Family)|P-40 Warhawk]], and [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]] because the I-180S lacks armour around many critical components, including the pilot and fuel tank. The I-180S's armament seems to push the nose up a small amount, but good aim prevents this from being that much of an issue.
 Although the I-180S is fairly manoeuverable, there are some aircraft which can easily outturn it such as the British [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] and Japanese [[A6M (Family)|A6M Zero]]. Both of these fighter types have an excellent turn rate which means that dogfighting, even against a mediocre pilot, will most likely result in them getting on your tail. A recommended strategy to combat these types is to try to gain an altitude advantage or do a head-on with a quick snap-turn to out-run them and return for another pass.
 === Manual Engine Control ===
@@ Line 149: / Line 151: @@
 * Poor rudder control, difficult to perform wing-overs or hammerhead manoeuvres
 * Underarmoured for its tier
 * Damage to the wings, control surfaces, or engine modules can unbalance the aircraft and or cripple performance
 == History ==
@@ Line 162: / Line 164: @@
 ;Skins
 * [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=i_180 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
@@ Line 181: / Line 184: @@
 == See also ==
 ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 * ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
-You can climb to about 4,000-5,000 m of altitude at the beginning of the battle and use Boom & Zoom tactic to get rid of some low altitude enemies first. If there are any enemies above or at the same altitude as you, it is recommended to attempt to drag them into a dogfight. Head-on attacks are ill-advised against heavily armed and armored planes such as the [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair]], [[P-40 (Family)|P-40 Warhawk]], and [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]] because the I-180S lacks armor around many critical components, including the pilot and fuel tank.
+You can climb to about 4,000-5,000 m of altitude at the beginning of the battle and use Boom & Zoom tactic to get rid of some low-altitude enemies first. If there are any enemies above or at the same altitude as you, it is recommended to attempt to drag them into a dogfight. Head-on attacks are ill-advised against heavily armed and armoured planes such as the [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair]], [[P-40 (Family)|P-40 Warhawk]], and [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]] because the I-180S lacks armour around many critical components, including the pilot and fuel tank.
-Although the I-180S is fairly maneuverable, there are some aircraft which can easily outturn it such as the British [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] and Japanese [[A6M (Family)|A6M Zero]]. Both of these fighter types have an excellent turn rate which means that dogfighting, even against a mediocre pilot, will most likely result in them getting on your tail. A recommended strategy to combat these types is to try to gain an altitude advantage or do a head-on with a quick snap-turn to out-run them and return for another pass.
+Although the I-180S is fairly manoeuverable, there are some aircraft which can easily outturn it such as the British [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] and Japanese [[A6M (Family)|A6M Zero]]. Both of these fighter types have an excellent turn rate which means that dogfighting, even against a mediocre pilot, will most likely result in them getting on your tail. A recommended strategy to combat these types is to try to gain an altitude advantage or do a head-on with a quick snap-turn to out-run them and return for another pass.
 === Manual Engine Control ===
@@ Line 162: / Line 162: @@
 ;Skins
 * [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=i_180 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
 ;Images
@@ Line 173: / Line 172: @@
 File:I-180S WTWallpaper 005.jpg
 File:I-180S WTWallpaper 006.jpg
-File:I180s.png|The I-180S at the hangar. The standard livery is mainly red, with some items in shiny silver.
+File:I180s.png|The standard livery is mainly red, with some items in shiny silver.
-File:I180s-summer.png|The I-180S at the hangar. Summer livery, with red stars on the classic Soviet green and blue camouflage.
+File:I180s-summer.png|Summer livery, with red stars on the classic Soviet green and blue camouflage.
 </gallery>
@@ Line 182: / Line 181: @@
 == See also ==
 ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 * ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 {{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
 <!-- ''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.'' -->
-The I-180S is a quite a manoeuvrable aircraft. At its BR, it's more manoeuvrable than some fighters in this tier. However, you should be careful when in battle, as despite its good performance, it is badly armoured and a few well-placed shots will take out your pilot.
+The I-180S is a quite a manoeuvrable aircraft at its BR, being able to turn better than many fighters of its tier.
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
-Climb to about 4,000-5,000 m of altitude at the beginning of the battle, use Boom & Zoom tactic to get rid of some enemies low first. If there are any enemies above or as high as you, try to drag them into a dogfight. Remember to always avoid head-on attacks when against some heavy armed planes such as the F4U Corsair variants, P-40s and Fw 190s.
+You can climb to about 4,000-5,000 m of altitude at the beginning of the battle and use Boom & Zoom tactic to get rid of some low altitude enemies first. If there are any enemies above or at the same altitude as you, it is recommended to attempt to drag them into a dogfight. Head-on attacks are ill-advised against heavily armed and armored planes such as the [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair]], [[P-40 (Family)|P-40 Warhawk]], and [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]] because the I-180S lacks armor around many critical components, including the pilot and fuel tank.
-There are also some enemies you really have to pay attention to, specifically the British Spitfires and Japanese A6M Zero. Both of these fighter types have a very good turn rate, which means dogfighting even against a mediocre pilot will most likely result with them on your tail. Remember when fighting against them the Spits and Zeros, try to gain an altitude advantage or do a head-on with a quick snap-turn and out-run them.
+Although the I-180S is fairly maneuverable, there are some aircraft which can easily outturn it such as the British [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] and Japanese [[A6M (Family)|A6M Zero]]. Both of these fighter types have an excellent turn rate which means that dogfighting, even against a mediocre pilot, will most likely result in them getting on your tail. A recommended strategy to combat these types is to try to gain an altitude advantage or do a head-on with a quick snap-turn to out-run them and return for another pass.
 === Manual Engine Control ===
@@ Line 138: / Line 138: @@
 * Great all-round fighter, a bit of turn fighter, a bit of Boom & Zoomer
 * Excellent climb rate due to supercharger
-* Tight aircraft with great manoeuvrability
+* Small size means small target
 * Great roll rate
-* Great armament packed tightly in the nose of the aircraft, making it easy to aim
+* Excellent armament packed tightly in the nose of the aircraft, making it easy to aim
 * Can carry bombs for ground attack
@@ Line 147: / Line 148: @@
 * Engine tends to overheat, must be careful with WEP
 * Poor rudder control, difficult to perform wing-overs or hammerhead manoeuvres
-* Woefully underarmoured for its tier
+* Underarmoured for its tier
-* Exposed cockpit; pilot can be hit more easily
+* Damage to the wings, control surfaces, or engine modules can unbalance the aircraft and or cripple performance
 == History ==
@@ Line 181: / Line 182: @@
 == See also ==
 ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 * ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 ! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
 |-
-| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 320 || 250 || ~12 || ~6
+| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 362 || 250 || ~12 || ~6
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 |-
 | < 300 || < 240 || < 300 || > 190
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 117: / Line 95: @@
 {{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}
 <!-- ''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.'' -->
-{{main|FAB-50 (50 kg)|FAB-100 (100 kg)}}
+{{main|FAB-50sv (50 kg)|FAB-100sv (100 kg)}}
 The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:
 * Without load
-* 4 x 50 kg FAB-50 bombs (200 kg total)
+* 4 x 50 kg FAB-50sv bombs (200 kg total)
-* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100 bombs (200 kg total)
+* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (200 kg total)
 == Usage in battles ==
 <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
-Climb to about 4,000m - 5,000 m of altitude at the beginning of the battle, use Boom & Zoom tactic to get rid of some enemies low first. If there are any enemies above or as high as you, try to drag them into a dogfight. Remember to always avoid head-on attacks when against some heavy armed planes such as the F4U Corsair variants, P-40s and Fw 190s.
+Climb to about 4,000-5,000 m of altitude at the beginning of the battle, use Boom & Zoom tactic to get rid of some enemies low first. If there are any enemies above or as high as you, try to drag them into a dogfight. Remember to always avoid head-on attacks when against some heavy armed planes such as the F4U Corsair variants, P-40s and Fw 190s.
 There are also some enemies you really have to pay attention to, specifically the British Spitfires and Japanese A6M Zero. Both of these fighter types have a very good turn rate, which means dogfighting even against a mediocre pilot will most likely result with them on your tail. Remember when fighting against them the Spits and Zeros, try to gain an altitude advantage or do a head-on with a quick snap-turn and out-run them.
@@ Line 187: / Line 165: @@
 ;Images
-<div><ul>
+<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
-<li style="display: inline-block;">[[File:I-180S WTWallpaper 001.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]]</li>
+File:I-180S WTWallpaper 001.jpg
-<li style="display: inline-block;">[[File:I-180S WTWallpaper 002.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]]</li>
+File:I-180S WTWallpaper 002.jpg
-<li style="display: inline-block;">[[File:I-180S WTWallpaper 003.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]]</li>
+File:I-180S WTWallpaper 003.jpg
-<li style="display: inline-block;">[[File:I-180S WTWallpaper 004.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]]</li>
+File:I-180S WTWallpaper 004.jpg
-<li style="display: inline-block;">[[File:I-180S WTWallpaper 005.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]]</li>
+File:I-180S WTWallpaper 005.jpg
-<li style="display: inline-block;">[[File:I-180S WTWallpaper 006.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]]</li>
+File:I-180S WTWallpaper 006.jpg
-<li style="display: inline-block;">[[File:I180s.png|thumb|none|250px|The I-180S at the hangar. The standard livery is mainly red, with some items in shiny silver.]]</li>
+File:I180s.png|The I-180S at the hangar. The standard livery is mainly red, with some items in shiny silver.
-<li style="display: inline-block;">[[File:I180s-summer.png|thumb|none|250px|The I-180S at the hangar. Summer livery, with red stars on the classic Soviet green and blue camouflage.]]</li>
+File:I180s-summer.png|The I-180S at the hangar. Summer livery, with red stars on the classic Soviet green and blue camouflage.
-</ul></div>
+</gallery>
 ;Videos

@@ Line 203: / Line 203: @@
 == See also ==
 ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 * ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
@@ Line 210: / Line 209: @@
 <!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 * ''topic on the official game forum;''
 * ''other literature.'' -->