CR.32 - Revision history

U38088265: /* Description */

2023-04-11T17:03:45Z

‎Description

U9202753: Specs-Card ArtImage Added.

2023-04-05T03:32:11Z

Specs-Card ArtImage Added.

U31139476: fix

2023-04-03T20:43:06Z

fix

U31139476: added description

2023-04-03T20:42:46Z

added description

U51386188: /* History */

2022-09-18T19:29:29Z

‎History

U70843195: grammar fixes and minor rewording

2022-05-25T20:25:02Z

grammar fixes and minor rewording

U44629479: Edits

2022-05-17T17:39:34Z

Edits

U44629479: /* History */ Edits

2021-07-21T11:33:53Z

‎History: Edits

U44629479: Edits

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U31139476: /* History */ added another variant

2021-03-17T07:58:08Z

‎History: added another variant

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 == Description ==
-<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->The CR.32 is a biplane fighter designed by the aeronautical engineer Celestino Rosatelli, the CR.30 was modified with the following changes, the structure around the engine was modified, the armament was improved with two Breda-SAFAT 12.7mm with these modifications it was given the following serial number MM 201, tested at Montecelio and its consequent renaming to CR.32, the biplane was appreciated by the Regia Aeronautica for its balanced manoeuvrability and armament and in turn was acquired by it eventually the CR.32 was used in several Stormi and different campaigns.
+<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
-The CR.32 in game is the first aircraft that you will use with the Italian Tech Tree, it was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"|1.69 "Regia Aeronautica" update]] with Italian Tech Tree Aereo, the aircraft in game to be a reserve is very good fighter with very powerful 12.7mm in particular using the belt anti aerial, very maneuverable even at low speeds and is in practice a turn fighter, it withstands a few shots before being destroyed but in the end as a reserve is an excellent aircraft.
+Introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]], the CR.32 is the first aircraft available in the Italian tech tree. It is a very good fighter with very powerful 12.7 mm machine guns, particularly when using the "Air targets" belt, very manoeuvrable even at low speeds, and is in practice a turn fighter. It can withstand few shots before being destroyed, but in the end as a reserve is an excellent aircraft.
 == General info ==

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 {{Specs-Card
 |code=cr_32
-|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
+|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
 |cockpit=cockpit_cr_32.jpg
 }}

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 == Description ==
-<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
+<!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->The CR.32 is a biplane fighter designed by the aeronautical engineer Celestino Rosatelli, the CR.30 was modified with the following changes, the structure around the engine was modified, the armament was improved with two Breda-SAFAT 12.7mm with these modifications it was given the following serial number MM 201, tested at Montecelio and its consequent renaming to CR.32, the biplane was appreciated by the Regia Aeronautica for its balanced manoeuvrability and armament and in turn was acquired by it eventually the CR.32 was used in several Stormi and different campaigns.
 The CR.32 in game is the first aircraft that you will use with the Italian Tech Tree, it was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"|1.69 "Regia Aeronautica" update]] with Italian Tech Tree Aereo, the aircraft in game to be a reserve is very good fighter with very powerful 12.7mm in particular using the belt anti aerial, very maneuverable even at low speeds and is in practice a turn fighter, it withstands a few shots before being destroyed but in the end as a reserve is an excellent aircraft.

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 <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.'' -->
 The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} reserve Italian biplane {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]].
 == General info ==

@@ Line 112: / Line 112: @@
 == Usage in battles ==
 <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
-As a biplane, you can easily outturn most opponents. However, the most deadly thing about the CR.32 is its twin 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns. Equipped with air targets belt, it can easily set other planes on fire. The only downsides of the plane are the lack of protection and speed. The recommended tactic is to always have an altitude advantage over your enemies. Do not turn too much and fire your machine gun in bursts as you have limited ammo.
+The best way to use the CR.32 is by playing as a support. As a biplane, you can easily outturn most opponents. However, the most deadly thing about the CR.32 is its twin 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns. Equipped with air targets belt, it can easily set other planes on fire. The only downsides of the plane are the lack of protection and speed. The recommended tactic is to always have an altitude advantage over your enemies. Do not turn too much and fire your machine gun in bursts as you have limited ammo, this means you have to be more careful when engaging targets. With a top level speed of only 380 km/h, the CR.32 will be usually outrun by most opponents it faces. Instead, climb to much higher altitude, then use its surprisingly fast dive speed to execute boom-and-zoom attack to kill an unsuspecting opponents. While it can dogfight against monoplanes to some extent, the CR.32's poor energy retention will eventually catch up and slow down the plane significantly, be decisive and strike at enemy weak points (engines, pilot, etc.) to finish them off as fast as possible.
 === Manual Engine Control ===
@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 '''Development'''
-The FIAT CR.32 fighter biplane was developed by the Celestino Rosatelli, an Italian aeronautic engineer, who designed various planes, such as the CR.32, [[CR.32 quater]], [[CR.32 bis]], [[CR.42]], [[Marcolin's C.R.42 CN|CR.42 CN]], [[B.R.20DR]], [[B.R.20M M1]], and many more.
+The FIAT CR.32 fighter biplane was developed by the Celestino Rosatelli, an Italian aeronautic engineer, who designed various planes, such as the CR.32, [[CR.32 quater]], [[CR.32 bis]], [[CR.42]], [[Marcolin's C.R.42 CN|CR.42 CN]], [[B.R.20DR]], [[B.R.20M M1]], and many more. After the development of the CR.30, Rosatelli modified it, changing the structure around the engine, the fuselage was the same as the CR.30 but without the supplementary tank, the armament constituted of 2 SAFAT 12.7 mm, and a transmitter, bomb thrower, or camera could be added. This plane was designated with serial number MM 201.Tested at Montecelio, the CR.30 (MM 201), later named CR.32, demonstrated as a perfect fighter and was the perfect conception of Italian fighter biplanes with a balance of manoeuvrability, performance, and military efficiency. In the mid thirties, the CR.32 was ordered by Regia Aeronautica, quickly replacing the CR.30, after which it was ordered by other nations. When the Second World War broke out, the CR.32 was already obsolete (and eventually replaced by the CR.42) but, in spite of that, it still equipped several fighter units. By 10 June 1940 the CR.32 was equipped for the following Gruppi Caccia (Fighters Groups): 24°Gruppo (52°Stormo) at Sarzana, 2°Gruppo at Grottaglie, 157°Gruppo (1°Stormo) at Trapani, 9°Gruppo at Monserrato, 160° at Tirana, 13°Gruppo (Partly) at Castelbenito (Libya), 8°Gruppo at Tobruk, 10°Gruppo at Benina and 163° Squadron at Rhodes. The first CR.32 to have been involved in military operations were those stationed in Libya, forty-odd machines being used mostly in ground attack missions together with the 50°Stormo's Breda 65s. The other front where the machine was used to the last example was Eastern Africa, fighting highly superior machines, such as [[Blenheim Mk IV|Blenheims]] and [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricanes]]. The old biplane closely followed the alternate phases of the campaign, from Italian advance into Egypt to the loss of Cyrenaica, they were widely used fairly successfully with various bomb types until January 1941. After the conquest of Crete in May 1941, CR.32s were relegated to fighting training duties. The CR.32 was used by Italy, China, Spain, Austria, Germany, Hungary, Venezuela and Paraguay. After the CR.32, other variants were created: CR.32 Bis, CR.32 ter, CR.32 Quater, CR.32 Quater CN, CR.32 Quater AS, CR.32 Serie 2. The CR.32 also had amazing characteristics which allowed the aircraft to be used by Aerobatic Teams from 1936 to 1939 in various aeronautic events.The 4°Stormo was first in exhibiting in 1936 in Rome with a ten-machine patrol. 1936 also marked the rebirth of 6°Stormo Caccia, equipped with CR.32s, which soon established an aerobatic patrol of its own at its bases at Campoformido and Gorizia.From 1937 to 1939 the Aerobatic Teams did aeronautic events in Budapest, Zurich, Perù, Chile, Argentine, Brazil, and finally Berlin.
 '''Spanish Civil War'''
-The CR.32 had its baptism of fire in the Spanish skies, the first twelve machines arrived by steamer at Melilla, Morocco, on 14 August 1936 and, together with the nine SIAI SM.81 arrived on 28 July, were incorporated into l'Aviacion de el Tercio. At the end of August, after further batches of CR.32s had arrived, the "Cucaracha" squadron was established at Cacéres, late to became the XVI Gruppo Caccia.
+The CR.32 had its baptism of fire in the Spanish skies, the first twelve machines arrived by steamer at Melilla, Morocco, on 14 August 1936 and, together with the nine SIAI SM.81 arrived on 28 July, were incorporated into l'Aviacion de el Tercio. At the end of August, after further batches of CR.32s had arrived, the "Cucaracha" squadron was established at Cacéres, late to became the XVI Gruppo Caccia. In April 1937, the XVI Gruppo were joined by XXIII Gruppo "Asso di Bastoni" and VI Gruppo "Gamba di Ferro", after CR.32 was used by X Gruppo Caccia "Baleari" and the Squadron "Frecce". Thanks to the CR.32, the Legion's fighters quickly established supremacy over the red air forces, but in November a new fighter, the Polikarpov I-15, appeared and the battles with CR.32 were harder to win. After came the I-16, much faster than the CR.32, and the pilots of CR.32 were unable to fully exploit all the capabilities of their mounts and to follow the dog-fighting manoeuvres imposed by the nimbler FIAT biplane.
 == Media ==

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 * 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
-The two machine guns are clustered in the nose of the aircraft, just in front of the pilot. Each is armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire with each other until empty.
+The two machine guns are clustered in the nose of the aircraft, just in front of the pilot. Each is armed with the same amount of ammunition.
 == Usage in battles ==
 <!-- ''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).'' -->
-As a biplane, you can easily out turn most opponents. However, the most deadly thing about the CR.32 is its twin 12.7mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns. Equipped with air targets belt. It can easily set other planes on fire. The only downside is the lack of protection for the pilot and speed. The recommended tactic is to always have an altitude advantage over your enemies. Do not turn too much and fire your machine gun is bursts as you have limited ammo.
+As a biplane, you can easily outturn most opponents. However, the most deadly thing about the CR.32 is its twin 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns. Equipped with air targets belt, it can easily set other planes on fire. The only downsides of the plane are the lack of protection and speed. The recommended tactic is to always have an altitude advantage over your enemies. Do not turn too much and fire your machine gun in bursts as you have limited ammo.
 === Manual Engine Control ===
@@ Line 141: / Line 141: @@
 * Surprisingly good turning against bigger fighters
 * Fixed gear makes it easy to land
-* Great all-round vision provided by the open cockpit especially towards the rear, giving the pilot enough situational awareness in Simulator
+* Great all-round vision provided by the open cockpit especially towards the rear, giving the pilot enough situational awareness in simulator
 * In Simulator it almost never spins, allowing some really tight manoeuvres to be performed without danger
@@ Line 147: / Line 147: @@
 * Turns worse than some biplanes it faces (e.g. I-15)
-* Has a relatively small ammo pool, firing in short bursts is very recommended
+* Has a relatively small ammo pool, firing in short bursts is recommended
 * Very poor roll rate
 * No protection for the pilot
-* Uses a telescopic gunsight which is extremely hard to use in Simulator
+* Uses a telescopic gunsight which is extremely hard to use in simulator
-* Upper wing greatly obstructs the upward-forward view, a disadvantage in a Simulator dogfight
+* Upper wing greatly obstructs the upward-forward view, a disadvantage in a simulator dogfight
 * Fixed gear increases drag
@@ Line 211: / Line 211: @@
 ;Skins
 * [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cr_32 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
@@ Line 218: / Line 219: @@
 == See also ==
 ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 * ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{About
-| about = Italian biplane '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
+| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
 | usage = other versions
-| link-1 = CR.32 bis
+| link = CR.32 (Family)
 }}
 {{Specs-Card
@@ Line 94: / Line 92: @@
 * No armour plates or bulletproof glass
-* Self-sealing fuel tank: between engine and pilot
+* Self-sealing fuel tank located between engine and pilot
 === Modifications and economy ===
@@ Line 145: / Line 143: @@
 * Great all-round vision provided by the open cockpit especially towards the rear, giving the pilot enough situational awareness in Simulator
 * In Simulator it almost never spins, allowing some really tight manoeuvres to be performed without danger
 '''Cons:'''
@@ Line 161: / Line 158: @@
 '''Development'''
-The FIAT CR.32 fighter biplane was developed by the Celestino Rosatelli, an Italian aeronautic enginner, who designed various planes, such as the [[CR.32|FIAT CR.32]], [[CR.32 quater|FIAT CR.32 Quater]], [[CR.32 bis|FIAT CR.32 Bis]], [[CR.42|FIAT CR.42]], [[Marcolin's C.R.42 CN|FIAT CR.42 CN]], [[B.R.20DR|FIAT BR.20DR]], [[B.R.20M M1|FIAT BR.20M M1]], and many more.
+The FIAT CR.32 fighter biplane was developed by the Celestino Rosatelli, an Italian aeronautic engineer, who designed various planes, such as the [[CR.32]], [[CR.32 Quater]], [[CR.32 bis]], [[CR.42]], [[Marcolin's C.R.42 CN|CR.42 CN]], [[B.R.20DR]], [[B.R.20M M1]], and many more.
-After the development of the FIAT CR.30, Rosatelli modified it, changing the structure around the engine, the fuselage was the same as FIAT CR.30 but without the supplementary tank, the armament constituted of 2 SAFAT 12.7 mm, and a transmitter, bomb thrower, or camera could be added. This plane was designated with serial number MM 201.
+After the development of the CR.30, Rosatelli modified it, changing the structure around the engine, the fuselage was the same as the CR.30 but without the supplementary tank, the armament constituted of 2 SAFAT 12.7 mm, and a transmitter, bomb thrower, or camera could be added. This plane was designated with serial number MM 201.
-Tested at Montecelio, the FIAT CR.30 (MM 201), later named FIAT CR.32, demonstrated as a perfect fighter and was the perfect conception of Italian fighter biplanes with a balance of manoeuvrability, performance, and military efficiency.
+Tested at Montecelio, the CR.30 (MM 201), later named CR.32, demonstrated as a perfect fighter and was the perfect conception of Italian fighter biplanes with a balance of manoeuvrability, performance, and military efficiency.
-In the mid thirties, the FIAT CR.32 was ordered by Regia Aeronautica, quickly replacing the FIAT CR.30, after which it was ordered by other nations.
+In the mid thirties, the CR.32 was ordered by Regia Aeronautica, quickly replacing the CR.30, after which it was ordered by other nations.
-The FIAT CR.32 was used by Italy, China, Spain, Austria, Germany, Hungary, Venezuela and Paraguay.
+The CR.32 was used by Italy, China, Spain, Austria, Germany, Hungary, Venezuela and Paraguay.
-After the FIAT CR.32, other variants were created:
+After the CR.32, other variants were created:
 * CR.32 ter
 * CR.32 Quater
-* [[CR.32 quater|CR.32 Quater]]
+** CR.32 Quater CN
+** CR.32 Quater AS
-* CR.32 Quater CN
+* CR.32 Serie 2
 '''Italy'''
-When the Second World War broke out, the FIAT CR.32 was already obsolete (and eventually replaced by the FIAT CR.42) but, in spite of that, it still equipped several fighter units.
+When the Second World War broke out, the CR.32 was already obsolete (and eventually replaced by the CR.42) but, in spite of that, it still equipped several fighter units.
-By 10 June 1940 the FIAT CR.32 was equipped for the following Gruppi Caccia (Fighters Groups): 24°Gruppo (52°Stormo) at Sarzana, 2°Gruppo at Grottaglie, 157°Gruppo (1°Stormo) at Trapani, 9°Gruppo at Monserrato, 160° at Tirana, 13°Gruppo (Partly) at Castelbenito (Libya), 8°Gruppo at Tobruk, 10°Gruppo at Benina and 163° Squadron at Rhodes.
+By 10 June 1940 the CR.32 was equipped for the following Gruppi Caccia (Fighters Groups): 24°Gruppo (52°Stormo) at Sarzana, 2°Gruppo at Grottaglie, 157°Gruppo (1°Stormo) at Trapani, 9°Gruppo at Monserrato, 160° at Tirana, 13°Gruppo (Partly) at Castelbenito (Libya), 8°Gruppo at Tobruk, 10°Gruppo at Benina and 163° Squadron at Rhodes.
-The first FIAT CR.32 to have been involved in military operations were those stationed in Libya, forty-odd machines being used mostly in ground attack missions together with the 50°Stormo's Breda 65's.
+The first CR.32 to have been involved in military operations were those stationed in Libya, forty-odd machines being used mostly in ground attack missions together with the 50°Stormo's Breda 65's.
 The other front where the machine was used to the last example was Eastern Africa, fighting highly superior machines, such as [[Blenheim Mk IV|Blenheims]] and [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricanes]].
@@ Line 195: / Line 189: @@
 The old biplane closely followed the alternate phases of the campaign, from Italian advance into Egypt to the loss of Cyrenaica, they were widely used fairly successfully with various bomb types until January 1941.
-After the conquest of Crete in May 1941, FIAT CR.32s were relegated to fighting training duties.
+After the conquest of Crete in May 1941, CR.32s were relegated to fighting training duties.
 '''Aerobatic Teams'''
-The FIAT CR.32 with these characteristics was used by Aerobatic Teams from 1936 to 1939 in various aeronautic events.
+The CR.32 with these characteristics was used by Aerobatic Teams from 1936 to 1939 in various aeronautic events.
-The 4°Stormo was first in exhibiting in 1936 in Rome with a ten-machine patrol. 1936 also marked the rebirth of 6°Stormo Caccia, equipped with FIAT CR.32s, which soon established an aerobatic patrol of its own at its bases at Campoformido and Gorizia.
+The 4°Stormo was first in exhibiting in 1936 in Rome with a ten-machine patrol. 1936 also marked the rebirth of 6°Stormo Caccia, equipped with CR.32s, which soon established an aerobatic patrol of its own at its bases at Campoformido and Gorizia.
 From 1937 to 1939 the Aerobatic Teams did aeronautic events in Budapest, Zurich, Perù, Chile, Argentine, Brazil, and finally Berlin.
@@ Line 207: / Line 201: @@
 '''Spanish Civil War'''
-The FIAT CR.32 had its baptism of fire in the Spanish skies, the first twelve machines arrived by steamer at Melilla, Morocco, on 14 August 1936 and, together with the nine SIAI SM.81 arrived on 28 July, were incorporated into l'Aviacion de el Tercio. At the end of August, after further batches of FIAT CR.32's had arrived, the "Cucaracha" squadron was established at Cacéres, late to became the XVI Gruppo Caccia.
+The CR.32 had its baptism of fire in the Spanish skies, the first twelve machines arrived by steamer at Melilla, Morocco, on 14 August 1936 and, together with the nine SIAI SM.81 arrived on 28 July, were incorporated into l'Aviacion de el Tercio. At the end of August, after further batches of CR.32's had arrived, the "Cucaracha" squadron was established at Cacéres, late to became the XVI Gruppo Caccia.
-In April 1937, the XVI Gruppo were joined by XXIII Gruppo "Asso di Bastoni" and VI Gruppo "Gamba di Ferro", after FIAT CR.32 was used by X Gruppo Caccia "Baleari" and the Squadron "Frecce".
+In April 1937, the XVI Gruppo were joined by XXIII Gruppo "Asso di Bastoni" and VI Gruppo "Gamba di Ferro", after CR.32 was used by X Gruppo Caccia "Baleari" and the Squadron "Frecce".
-Thanks to the FIAT CR.32, the Legion's fighters quickly established supremacy over the red air forces, but in November a new fighter, the Polikarpov I-15, appeared and the battles with FIAT CR.32 were harder to win. After came the I-16, much faster than the FIAT CR.32, and the pilots of FIAT CR.32 were unable to fully exploit all the capabilities of their mounts and to follow the dog-fighting manoeuvres imposed by the nimbler FIAT biplane.
+Thanks to the CR.32, the Legion's fighters quickly established supremacy over the red air forces, but in November a new fighter, the Polikarpov I-15, appeared and the battles with CR.32 were harder to win. After came the I-16, much faster than the CR.32, and the pilots of CR.32 were unable to fully exploit all the capabilities of their mounts and to follow the dog-fighting manoeuvres imposed by the nimbler FIAT biplane.
 == Media ==
-<!--Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.-->
+<!-- ''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.'' -->
 {{Youtube-gallery|iQs0VuHMaFA|'''The Shooting Range #45''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:08 discusses the CR.32.}}
 == See also ==
 ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
 * ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
 * ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''
 == External links ==
-''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
+<!-- ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
-* ''topic on the official game forum;''
+* [[wt:en/news/4670-development-fiat-cr-32-the-spanish-cricket-en|[Devblog] Fiat CR.32: The Spanish Cricket]]
 {{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
 {{Italy fighters}}