Bofors L/60 (40 mm) - Revision history

U44629479: /* Available ammunition */ Added ammunition table

2023-01-22T10:33:43Z

‎Available ammunition: Added ammunition table

U38088265: /* History */

2022-09-25T09:52:13Z

‎History

U44629479: Edits

2022-09-25T07:45:40Z

Edits

U137319744: /* History */ added history and links to the other Bofors variants

2022-09-25T04:20:54Z

‎History: added history and links to the other Bofors variants

U44629479: Undo revision 136230 by U24429856 (talk) Do not copy-paste.

2022-09-02T17:55:54Z

Undo revision 136230 by U24429856 (talk) Do not copy-paste.

U24429856: Undo revision 136228 by U44629479 (talk) Do not unnececrarilly undo pages, for reasons that you can or will not elaborate on

2022-09-02T16:36:49Z

Undo revision 136228 by U44629479 (talk) Do not unnececrarilly undo pages, for reasons that you can or will not elaborate on

U44629479: Undo revision 136225 by U24429856 (talk) Do not copy-paste.

2022-09-02T15:32:40Z

Undo revision 136225 by U24429856 (talk) Do not copy-paste.

U24429856: Undo revision 136224 by U44629479 (talk) Added a list from 4cm of other vehicles with the 40mm, further discussion in talk

2022-09-02T15:25:27Z

Undo revision 136224 by U44629479 (talk) Added a list from 4cm of other vehicles with the 40mm, further discussion in talk

U44629479: Undo revision 136223 by U24429856 (talk)

2022-09-02T15:01:42Z

Undo revision 136223 by U24429856 (talk)

U24429856: Undo revision 136214 by U44629479 (talk) Sourced section of listing from 4cm, suppose excact wording is important

2022-09-02T14:30:44Z

Undo revision 136214 by U44629479 (talk) Sourced section of listing from 4cm, suppose excact wording is important

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 === Available ammunition ===
-''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''
+<!-- ''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).'' -->
 === Comparison with analogues ===

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 == History ==
-One of the most famous auto-cannons, the Bofors L/60 begins it story in 1922 when the Swedish Navy purchases World War I-era [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|QF 2-pounder "pom-poms"]] from the British for their ships anti-aircraft armament. However, the Swedish government was quick to seek a more capable replacement and signed a contract with Bofors in 1938. They began testing the following year, but they had problem making a reliable automatic mechanism and used zinc shells that would burn up and foul the action. In the summer of 1930, however Bofors had two innovations that made the design practical. The first was a new mechanism that "flicked" spend casings and "threw" a fresh round into the chamber. The second was new metallurgy techniques and modern equipment from their now share-holder, Krupp. In November of 1931, the prototype of and by 1933, the weapon entered production. While it passed acceptance trials the Akan m/32, as it was known in Sweden, was not adopted by the Swedish Navy despite the intention of serving as a dual-purpose gun on submarines. The first customer for the Bofors 40mm L/60 was the Dutch Navy who mounted it on their one-off cruiser the HNLMS De Ruter.
+<!-- ''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.'' -->
-In 1937, the British first examined the weapons. A number of examples built in Poland were designated the QF 40mm Mark I with a Mark I/2 coming out later after a minor change to the flash hider. After the British acquired a license, they started converting the design to the imperial system from the metric system and they changed the parts to be more interchangeable from the hand-fitted parts of the original design.
+In 1937, the British first examined the weapons. A number of examples built in Poland were designated the QF 40 mm Mark I with a Mark I/2 coming out later after a minor change to the flash hider. After acquiring a license, they started converting the design to the imperial system from the metric system and they changed the parts to be more interchangeable from the hand-fitted parts of the original design.
-Due to challenges with engaging high-speed aircraft, the Bofors L/60 was linked to an analogue computer, powered mounts, and the distinctive "pancake" sights creating the QF 40mm Mark III, as the Mark II was the designation for the 2-pounder pom-poms. The Bofors became the standard light anti-aircraft gun serving alongside their the heavy anti-aircraft designs [[OQF 3in 20cwt (76 mm)|OQF 3in 20cwt]] and the [[OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I (76 mm)|OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I]]. However, the first analog computer, the Kerrison Director created logistical challenges due needing fuel to operate and so it was replaced by the Stiffkey Sight which moved the pancake sight to offer lead correction. This modification created the "QF 40mm Mark XII" which first saw use by Canadian units during the Battle of the Aleutian Islands. Not long after, a two-wheeled lighter carriage was developed to equip airborne units. During the Second Battle of El Alamein in North Africa where it was used in the specialized role of firing tracer rounds to mark safe paths through German minefields.
+Due to challenges with engaging high-speed aircraft, the Bofors L/60 was linked to an analogue computer, powered mounts, and the distinctive "pancake" sights creating the QF 40 mm Mark III, as the Mark II was the designation for the 2-pounder pom-poms. The Bofors became the standard light anti-aircraft gun serving alongside the heavy anti-aircraft [[OQF 3in 20cwt (76 mm)|OQF 3in 20cwt]] and the [[OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I (76 mm)|OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I]]. However, the first analog computer, the Kerrison Director, created logistical challenges due to needing fuel to operate and so it was replaced by the Stiffkey Sight which moved the pancake sight to offer lead correction. This modification created the "QF 40 mm Mark XII" which first saw use by Canadian units during the Battle of the Aleutian Islands. Not long after, a two-wheeled lighter carriage was developed to equip airborne units. During the Second Battle of El Alamein in North Africa, it was used in the specialized role of firing tracer rounds to mark safe paths through German minefields.
-The British Army also experimented with self-propelled anti-aircraft units based on the Bofors L/60. One of the most notable examples is the [[Crusader AA Mk I]] which used a Bofors with a different breach called the QF 40mm Mark VI. The most numerous self-propelled Bofors platform is the "Carrier, 30 cwt, SP, 4×4, 40 mm AA (Bofors)" based on the chassis of the Morris C8 "Quad" artillery tractor. SP Bofors and Crusaders AAs were built used during the Normandy Invasion of June 6th 1944 when supporting the British 3rd Infantry Division on Sword Beach and shooting down 17 German aircraft while protecting the Pegasus and Horsa Bridges. Due to the weakened state of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) in late 1944, the SP Bofors were mostly used against ground targets.
+The British Army also experimented with self-propelled anti-aircraft units based on the Bofors L/60. One of the most notable examples is the [[Crusader AA Mk I]] which used a Bofors with a different breech called the QF 40 mm Mark VI. The most numerous self-propelled Bofors platform is the "Carrier, 30 cwt, SP, 4×4, 40 mm AA (Bofors)" based on the chassis of the Morris C8 "Quad" artillery tractor. SP Bofors and Crusaders AAs were built used during the Normandy Invasion of June 6th 1944 when supporting the British 3rd Infantry Division on Sword Beach and shooting down 17 German aircraft while protecting the Pegasus and Horsa Bridges. Due to the weakened state of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) in late 1944, the SP Bofors were mostly used against ground targets.
-Along with the British Army, the RAF used the Bofors L/60 as part of RAF Regiments. Formed in response to the Germans capturing British Airfields during the Battle of Crete in 1942, the RAF Regiments provided security for Allied airfields during World War II. The RAF Regiments served in multiple campaigns including North Africa, Malta, Italy, The Balkans The UK and the Western Front. The most notable contributions of the Bofors serving in this capacity were defending England from V-1 Flying Bombs during Operation Diver, and the protection of Advanced Landing Grounds from the Normandy Landings until the Battle of the Bugle. After World War II, the L/60 would remain in service until the L/70 was adopted in 1957.
+Along with the British Army, the RAF used the Bofors L/60 as part of the RAF Regiment. Formed in response to the Germans capturing British airfields during the Battle of Crete in 1942, the RAF Regiment provided security for Allied airfields during World War II. The RAF Regiment served in multiple campaigns including North Africa, Malta, Italy, the Balkans, the UK, and the Western Front. The most notable contributions of the Bofors serving in this capacity were defending England from V-1 Flying Bombs during Operation Diver, and the protection of Advanced Landing Grounds from the Normandy Landings until the Battle of the Bulge. After World War II, the L/60 would remain in service until the L/70 was adopted in 1957.
-The United States was another notable user of the Bofors L/60 in both the Army and Navy. The US had acquired a license and worked to do a metric to imperial conversion and translate the instructions to English. This work was done by Chrysler who built 60,000 guns and 120,000 barrels during the war. In 1942, Bofors L/60s imported from Britain with the Kerrison Predictor and began to replace the locally designed [[M1A2 (37 mm)|37mm gun M1A2]] in Army and Marine Corps service. In a single mount, it was designated as the 40mm automatic cannon M1 used by Army in Anti-Aircraft Artillery auto-weapons battalions issued with 32 guns in four batteries. Along with three British high explosive shells, there was the M81A1 armor piercing shell for the gun. The Marine Corps Defense Battalions and Special Weapons Battalions who had 12 or 16 guns respectively. The Army tested a self-propelled variant for the T65 prototype based on the chassis of the [[M5 Stuart (Family)|M5 Stuart]]. The prototype led to the variant known as the [[Dual Automatic Gun M2 (40 mm)|Dual Automatic Gun M2]] creating the [[M19A1]] and the [[M42 Duster (Family)|M42 Duster]]. The L/60 remains in service in the United States on the AC-130 Gunship starting with the 1970s. It is one of the longest-serving and most-produced autocannons in history.
+The United States was another notable user of the Bofors L/60 in both the Army and Navy. The US had acquired a license and worked to do a metric to imperial conversion and translate the instructions to English. This work was done by Chrysler who built 60,000 guns and 120,000 barrels during the war. In 1942, Bofors L/60s imported from Britain with the Kerrison Predictor began to replace the locally designed [[M1A2 (37 mm)|37mm gun M1A2]] in Army and Marine Corps service. In a single mount, it was designated as the 40 mm automatic cannon M1 used by the Army in Anti-Aircraft Artillery auto-weapons battalions issued with 32 guns in four batteries. Along with three British high explosive shells, there was the M81A1 armour-piercing shell for the gun. The Marine Corps Defense Battalions and Special Weapons Battalions had 12 or 16 guns respectively. The Army tested a self-propelled variant for the T65 prototype based on the chassis of the [[M5 Stuart (Family)|M5 Stuart]]. The prototype led to the variant known as the [[Dual Automatic Gun M2 (40 mm)|Dual Automatic Gun M2]] creating the [[M19A1]] and the [[M42 Duster (Family)|M42 Duster]]. The L/60 remains in service in the United States on the AC-130 Gunship starting in the 1970s. It is one of the longest-serving and most-produced autocannons in history.
 == Media ==

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 == See also ==
-''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
+<!-- ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
-* [[Dual Automatic Gun M2 (40 mm)]]: Twin mount variant
+* [[Bofors (40 mm) (Family)]]
 == External links ==

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 '''Pros:'''
+*
 '''Cons:'''
+*
 == History ==
-''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''
+One of the most famous auto-cannons, the Bofors L/60 begins it story in 1922 when the Swedish Navy purchases World War I-era [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|QF 2-pounder "pom-poms"]] from the British for their ships anti-aircraft armament. However, the Swedish government was quick to seek a more capable replacement and signed a contract with Bofors in 1938. They began testing the following year, but they had problem making a reliable automatic mechanism and used zinc shells that would burn up and foul the action. In the summer of 1930, however Bofors had two innovations that made the design practical. The first was a new mechanism that "flicked" spend casings and "threw" a fresh round into the chamber. The second was new metallurgy techniques and modern equipment from their now share-holder, Krupp. In November of 1931, the prototype of and by 1933, the weapon entered production. While it passed acceptance trials the Akan m/32, as it was known in Sweden, was not adopted by the Swedish Navy despite the intention of serving as a dual-purpose gun on submarines. The first customer for the Bofors 40mm L/60 was the Dutch Navy who mounted it on their one-off cruiser the HNLMS De Ruter.
 == Media ==
@@ Line 38: / Line 50: @@
 == See also ==
 ''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
-* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
 * ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''
 == External links ==
 ''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
 * ''topic on the official game forum;''
 * ''other literature.''

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 == Description ==
 ''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''
 === Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===