War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Conqueror

2024-10-30T13:37:14Z

U9202753: New specs-card artimage added.

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_conqueror_mk_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}_AddArmour.jpg|ArtImage4_{{PAGENAME}}.png|ArtImage3_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

Following the reveal of the [[IS-3]] during the 1945 Victory Parade through Berlin, the British realised the need for a new heavily armed and heavily armoured tank. Plans were drawn to create a "Universal Tank" hull, which would then be able to mount a variety of different armaments to suit a range of roles. The heaviest of this set of planned vehicles was the '''Conqueror''', armed with a 120 mm gun inspired by and developed alongside that of the American [[M103]], designed to be able to face down any Soviet threats and provide long-range anti-tank support for the existing [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]].

By 1950, the new hull and chassis were nearing completion, while the gun and turret were still under development. Thus, a project to mount the turret of the [[Centurion Mk 3]] was spawned, in order to ease the development process and train crews on the new hull, resulting in the [[Caernarvon]]. 1951 saw completion of the new gun and its acceptance into service, while the turret was still being finalised; plans for a stop-gap carriage for the new gun resulted in the Centurion hull-based [[Conway]]. Prototypes were complete by 1952, and the tank itself finally entered service in 1955, being sent immediately to armoured regiments stationed in West Germany. Both the Conqueror and Centurion were ultimately replaced by the [[Chieftain (Family)|Chieftain]] in 1966.

Introduced in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]] along with the initial British ground tree, the Conqueror deviates from most earlier British designs, favouring firepower and armour. With an extremely powerful main cannon, solid armour protection, and surprising (but still rather lacking) manoeuvrability for such a heavy vehicle, the Conqueror proves to be a highly effective sniper and support tank, able to crack open heavily armoured targets from long ranges. Making use of its strong armour and gun stabiliser allows it to also be put to good use in close-range brawls, although the subpar mobility and long reload can limit the vehicle in this aspect.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:Conqueror trapshot mantlet .png|thumb|400x400px|A basic weak spot of the Conqueror; the gun mantlet. The area is hit because of Conqueror's poor depression. It can be targeted by large-calibre HE, APDS and Sabot shells. - The shown camouflage is known as 'Phalanx', part of the "Night Vision" chest.]]
The Conqueror Mark 2 utilizes a modified version of Caernarvon's hull, with respectable frontal armour capable of shrugging off rounds from many adversaries. Unfortunately, this hull suffers from similarly weak side and rear armour - and as such angling, the vehicle can prove extremely dangerous if it exposes the side too much. The Conqueror replaces the Caernarvon's Centurion-based turret with a fresh design, providing much better crew spacing and protection. The turret is not without its weaknesses, however; the commander's cupola protrudes quite significantly and APHE or HESH shells may disable internal turret components or crew members. There is also a weak section directly behind the mantlet at the top of the turret, penetration of which will disable crew or the breech/horizontal turret drive.
Trap shots are possible, it is likely to get shot with a high-calibre HE, capable of damaging the tank by hitting the base of the turret and exploding into the driver and/or ammo rack just below it. Unlike with similar tank [[M103]] though, for most heavy tanks HE can only penetrate the driver hatch, taking them out, and damage the gun breech on a good hit. SPG calibre HE (like 152 mm of [[Object 268]]) will definitely destroy the roof armour and ammo rack, resulting in a knock-out, unless only a few shells are being carried (which is highly impractical). Non-HE shells are less likely to ricochet and do significant internal damage like this, but it is still possible to push them into the tank.

The frontal track guards are also very vulnerable at particular angles and can be exploited even when sides are not exposed to instantly destroy the tank using nearly any gun, like with [[Churchill Mk VII]]. The more realistic scenario, however, is high-calibre HESH hitting the ground next to them and setting the tank on fire or outright destroying it. Fortunately, most tanks which are capable of this and are going out of their way to use HESH instead of HEAT are British and can only be your opponent in AB, in RB the likelihood of receiving such hit is greatly reduced.

The Conqueror has a researchable add-on armour package which improves the vehicle's survivability to HEAT rounds and by a small amount to kinetic rounds.<ref name="dtic" /> The Conqueror is relatively resistant to HEAT ammunition, smaller HEAT ammunition may have issue harming the Conqueror when hull-down.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (turret)
* Structural steel (Side skirts)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 130 + 20 mm (59°) ''Front glacis'' 76 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 + 6 mm || 38 mm ''Top'' 20 mm (60°) ''Bottom'' || 44 mm ''Front'' 17 mm ''Crew hatch'' 17 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 152-313 mm (0-68°) ''Turret front'' 89-200 mm (0-78°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 89-233 mm (1-48°) || 50 mm (1-34°) || 51 mm 31 mm ''Square area near gun'' 17 mm ''Crew hatches''
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 203 mm (0-17°) || 70 mm (12-14°) || 51 mm 17 mm ''Crew hatch''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and bogies are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Front of turret vary in armour thickness, from 152 mm to 313 mm, but it is all very sloped due to turret design.
* The front of the turret roof has an additional armour plate of 31 mm in thickness.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,046|rbMinHp=716|AoAweight=1.1}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has reasonable mobility, despite its weight, thanks to a powerful engine and favourable gearbox ratios. It does suffer from a somewhat limited top speed of 34 km/h, however it reaches this speed fairly easily on-road and on smooth off-road surfaces. The vehicle has surprisingly responsive hull traverse due to the engine power and neutral steering capability. The {{PAGENAME}} has a reasonable reverse speed for a British vehicle, however it shouldn't be relied on too heavily.

When the add-on armour package is researched and equipped, the vehicle's weight will increase by 1.1 tonnes, resulting in a minor decrease in mobility.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Ordnance QF Tk. L1A2 (120 mm)}}

The 120 mm L1A2 is a powerful gun, derived from the M58 mounted on the M103 heavy tank. Unlike the M103's selection of HEAT or AP, the Conqueror instead utilises HESH and APDS ammunition, and again unlike the M103, mounts a two-plane stabiliser. The L1A2 exhibits excellent accuracy and long-range performance, although due to the sub-par post-penetration effects of APDS in some cases multiple rounds are required to secure a knock-out, particularly at range where critical components or ammunition is less reliably hit.

Despite this, the Conqueror performs admirably as a sniper, covering capture points or thoroughfares, and should primarily rely on APDS with careful thought as to placement. HESH may prove useful against lighter vehicles or in cases where a target's side armour is exposed, but otherwise should not be relied on for anything besides pure luck. It's important to remember that the Conqueror has a reasonably long reload of 19.4 seconds at base; and as such careful consideration should be made as to what to prioritise disabling first.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ordnance QF Tk. L1A2 (120 mm)|120 mm Ordnance QF Tk. L1A2]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 35 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 13.2 || 18.3 || 22.2 || 24.5 || 26.1 || rowspan="2" | 19.37 || rowspan="2" | 17.14 || rowspan="2" | 15.80 || rowspan="2" | 14.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.7 || 11.4 || 13.9 || 15.3 || 16.3
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Ordnance QF Tk. L1A2 (120 mm)/Ammunition|Shot L1G, Shell L1TK}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo type
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''35''' || Projectiles || 34 ''(+1)'' || 31 ''(+4)'' || 29 ''(+6)'' || 27 ''(+8)'' || 23 ''(+12)'' || 22 ''(+13)'' || 17 ''(+18)'' || 9 ''(+26)'' || 1 ''(+34)'' || rowspan="2" | No
|-
| Propellants || 35 ''(+0)'' || 34 ''(+1)'' || 33 ''(+2)'' || 32 ''(+3)'' || 23 ''(+12)'' || 9 ''(+26)'' || 1 (''+34)'' || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Notes''':

* The first propellant rack contains only a single charge of propellant, so even when bringing a full load of 35 rounds this rack will always be empty as the first round loaded into the gun upon spawn.
* It is advised to take 22 rounds into combat if you wish to maximise available shots but remove the propellant charges racked just beside the driver if considering the weak spot that is the lower front plate of the Conqueror.
* The propellant portion of the ready rack is comprised of a single charge rack and a seven-charge rack. As these spaces make up the 8 round ready rack ammo count they are considered as a single rack for the purposes of deciding how much ammo to take. However if a player were to take only 7 rounds the single rack to the left of the loader would be empty of a charge.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The Conqueror sports two machine guns, one of which is pintle-mounted and may prove itself a deterrent to some close air support. The machine guns may on occasion prove useful for destroying incoming ATGMs, given a bit of luck.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,750 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 3,750 (250) || 500 || -10°/+30° || ±180°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Conqueror can be effectively played as a sniper, or a steady breakthrough tank, providing the vehicle's slow reload and weak lower front plate are considered. This heavy tank should not be played in a brawling role. It will easily be flanked and disposed by the side armour plates. Commanders are advised to remain on some of these roles:

'''Sniper Role'''

When used in a sniper role, the Conqueror should utilise extreme ranges with some form of cover available, in case the situation goes awry. Ensure awareness is maintained for light flanking vehicles or enemy sniping vehicles on off-angles that may be able to disable the Conqueror through side armour. Play conservatively, avoiding wasting shots, having to wait for the long reload time, and avoid exposing the hull where possible.

Remember the rangefinder and if possible find locations that cover the hull of the Conqueror.

'''Breakthrough Role'''

The Conqueror may be utilised in a breakthrough role, although it should be played conservatively with allies and with a level of map awareness at all times. The stabilised gun allows the conqueror to comfortably fire on the move - a rare piece of equipment at the rank - this gives it a distinct advantage over most targets it will face at close range, with the ability to reliably hit targets without waiting for the suspension sway to subside. However, the vehicle's slow reload means that calculated shots are a requirement, and wasting any round may have dire results.

As usual, keep in mind that the vehicle's sides and lower front plate are particularly vulnerable and exposing either to enemy fire will often result in the Conqueror's destruction. If the advance seems to be failing, or the Conqueror is on risk to be flanked. Remember the good reverse speed, this along smoke cover will grant second chances.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* APDS round is extremely powerful and accurate
* HESH ammo may have surprising results, and can prove particularly effective against light or side armour
* The L1A2 cannon is fully two-plane stabilised, allowing it to be fired accurately on the move
* Coaxial machine gun has ballistic performance similar to the HESH round and may be used for ranging
* Turret and upper front plate are very sloped and armoured, with few weak points
* Add-on armour offers more protection in the form of spaced armour to the turret cheeks and upper plate
* Well-spaced crew make the vehicle unlikely to be affected by crew knock-out in a single hit
* Reasonably good mobility despite weight and huge gun
* Optical rangefinder allows for accurate distance measuring
* Reasonable reverse speed allows the Conqueror to peek shots effectively
* Conqueror has commander override: a knocked out gunner will not prevent the player from firing

'''Cons:'''

* HESH is not reliable against any vehicle with semi-decent armour; requires high skills and knowledge of the enemy
* The APDS penetration at angles above 45 degrees is significantly reduced
* Long reload time (19.4 second base) for British standards, although relatively standard for the calibre
* Only rifle-calibre machine guns
* Particularly weak side armour and lower front plate; will be commonly targeted areas
* Only 17 mm of protection on the wide engine deck will be targeted by planes
* Top speed is limited at only 34 km/h; it faces really mobile enemies such as the [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard Is]]
* Large cupola can be exploited by APHE ammunition

== History ==


===Development===
In 1944, General Staff started a project called ''A45 Infantry Support Tank'', which started around the same time as the development of the [[Centurion Mk 1|A41 Centurion]] cruiser tank. This project, after the war, was redesignated from a typical "Infantry Tank" and instead focused on a new role of a "Universal Tank" design in the form of the FV 200 series. The "Universal Tank" concept was to design a vehicle that would have a mobility comparable to that of cruiser tanks, but with the armour and firepower of heavy tanks. The FV 200 series designation was adopted and was to serve as a line of vehicles that used the same hull and chassis in different roles like armour recovery vehicles and self-propelled guns. The first tank of this series was to be the FV 201, which would be 55 tons and use the 20-pounder gun.

In 1949, a new requirement for the project called for the use of a 120 mm gun, possibly in response to the reveal of the Soviet [[IS-3]] heavy tank in the Berlin Victory Parade in 1945. This new requirement would delay the initial deadlines for the tank as no gun of that calibre had been developed yet. As a interim development before such a gun could be made, the FV 201 hull was mounted with a turret from the Centurion tank and this created the FV 221 [[Caernarvon]], with Mark I for a 17-pounder armament and a Mark II for a 20-pounder armament. However, the success of the lighter Centurion tank made the Caernarvon unsuitable in a "Main Battle Tank" role. Further development on the Caernarvon, with emphasis on the armour and armament, would develop the '''FV 214 Conqueror''' tanks, some were straight up conversions of Caernarvon Mark IIs. About 185 Conquerors were produced in Mk.1 and Mk.2 variants from 1955 to 1959.

===Design===
The FV 214 Conqueror, also known as the "Tank, Heavy No. 1, 120 mm Gun, Conqueror", was intended to provide a mobile, long-range anti-tank support for the lighter and more numerous Centurion tanks stationed in Germany. As a response to the heavy [[IS-3]] tank in Soviet service, the tank's armament and armour is taken up and beyond extreme to typical NATO armour development. The armour, with a frontal plate of about seven inches (178 mm), made the tank one of the most protected tanks stationed in West Germany. The abundance of armour made the tank heavy, weighing 64 tons, and this impeded the tank's top speed and made it mechanically unreliable. However, the tank was very mobile in cross-country terrain, seen as equal as the lighter and faster Centurion tank.

The gun was the very large 120 mm cannon, the largest calibre tank gun available when it was introduced. The gun was American-developed, the same 120 mm cannon that would arm the [[M103|M103]] heavy tank. The gun uses a two-piece ammunition and the tank allowed for a ammo stowage of 35 rounds. Another notable feature of the Conqueror aside from its large cannon and thick armour was the unique and rotatable commander's cupola. In the cupola was the Conqueror's fire control system and had many features that made it ahead of its time. Being able to be rotated independent from the turret, plus with a coincidence rangefinder, the commander could align the cupola to a target, measure its range, and direct the gunner to the designated target. While the gunner located and engage the target, the commander could go and find a different target to designate and range.

===Usage===
The Conqueror were all stationed in West German in the armoured regiments stationed there. Each regiment received 9 Conquerors and were organized in groups of three as tank troops to support the Centurions in any conflict that arise from the tense situation of the Cold War. As history played out, the Cold War never became "hot" and no hostile conflicts arise in the borders of Germany, thus the Conquerors never saw any use aside from training as they were all exclusively stationed on the German borders. The Conqueror's intention to provide a long-range anti-tank capability for the Centurions, became less significant when the Centurions began to arm themselves with the more powerful 105 mm L7 gun, such as the [[Centurion Mk 10]]. The lower tactical value of the Conqueror and further development on heavy tanks in Britain had the Conquerors replaced in 1966 with the much more powerful and armoured, yet lighter, [[Chieftain Mk 3|FV 4201 Chieftain tank]].

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:ArtImage Conqueror.png
File:ArtImage2 Conqueror.png
</gallery>

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_conqueror_mk_2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 6:21 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|94S5XQwnX2I|'''The Shooting Range #108''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|JmaDhygkvDg|'''Tank Chats #145 <nowiki>| Conqueror |</nowiki> The Tank Museum''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Caernarvon]]
* [[Conway]]

;Shared operational history

* [[Centurion Mk 10]]
* [[Caernarvon]]

;Analogues of other nations

* [[IS-7]]
* [[IS-4M]]
* [[T-10M]]/[[T-10A]]
* [[M103]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/850/|[Devblog] Сenturion Mk III and Conqueror Mk II]]
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/870|[Devblog] Conqueror Armor Investigation]]

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="dtic">[https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a474293.pdf Trials against Conqueror tanks with additional ballistic protection - Part 2 The use of large hollow charge warheads.pdf]</ref>
</references>

{{Britain heavy tanks}}

File:ArtImage4 Conqueror.png

2024-10-30T13:35:36Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1120252/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1120252/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Churchill AVRE Petard

2024-10-27T20:07:07Z

U9202753: Specs-card artimage added.

{{About
| about = British heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Churchill (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_churchill_avre
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|market=id50272_churchill_avre_petard_great_britain
}}

== Description ==

The {{Specs|name}}, officially the "Mortar, Recoiling, Spigot, 29mm, Mk I", was the first vehicle to bear the name "AVRE" (Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineer) as a breakthrough tank for the British Army's Royal Engineers. The 1942 Dieppe Raid revealed a dire need for a vehicle that could assist in breaching extensive bunker/pillbox defences, particularly when attempting to break through enemy lines from new beachheads. This vehicle would serve as a mobile cover for Royal Engineers while operating in the battlefield. After evaluations of several tanks, the Churchill infantry tank became the chosen vehicle for this mission. Aside from some components being replaced by engineering supplies and having larger side doors for infantry operation, a new 290 mm [[Mortars|spigot mortar]], dubbed the "flying dustbin", was also installed in the turret to launch ranged demolition charges without having to leave the vehicle during crossfire. After trials in 1943, the new vehicle, now known as the Churchill AVRE, was ready for service and proved very successful during the breakthrough stage in the Normandy Landings in June 1944. The 79th Armoured Division, with their "Hobart's Funnies" vehicles, successfully provided reliable support for the first wave of assault groups. The AVRE name would also be retained for all new vehicles designed for these purposes, including the [[Centurion Mk.5 AVRE]] which was still in service during the Gulf War of the 1990s.

Introduced during [[Update "Alpha Strike"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8912-event-earn-the-churchill-avre-in-the-operation-overlord-event-en|2024 Operation Overlord event]], the Churchill AVRE plays similarly to the German [[38 cm Sturmmörser|Sturmtiger]], as instead of a cannon it has a 230 mm Petard mortar, which launches huge 18 kg projectiles. However, such a weapon requires special skill: aiming is not easy due to the low initial velocity of the projectile. For the same reason, the effective range of the mortar's flight does not exceed 100 metres, so the Churchill AVRE is effective only at short combat distances, such as in urban areas. The outstanding protection of the Churchill will be very useful to get close enough to enemy vehicles, allowing it to survive several hits. However, it should be noted that the gun has a long reload time, and the loaded shell in the barrel can be easily detonated with even machine gun fire.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Churchill AVRE's protection is identical to that of a baseline [[Churchill III]]. For its rank, the Churchill has relatively reliable protection thanks to its true identity - a heavy tank (although officially an infantry tank). However, remember that "reliable" does not equate to "invincible"; there are still some cannons that can penetrate the III series, for example, the Soviet F-34 and German Kwk 42, as well as US 3-inch guns. In most cases, if their shot lands on sloped parts of the hull, the AVRE will very unlikely be harmed at all. Be sure to keep the flanks clear, even if this means being less aggressive than one would normally indulge with the Churchill series to avoid being overwhelmed while reloading.

As for the crew and internal compartments, the overall layout is mostly identical to a Churchill III, but the major difference lies in the remaining demolition charges stored inside the vehicle. While the sufficiently spacious interior might mitigate some damage, a direct hit on those charges will certainly blow the turret to the height of Big Ben. Therefore, pointing the hull at oncoming fire is essential for the Churchill AVRE's service.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
|Hull||89 mm ''Front plate'' 89 + 89 mm ''Front plate (MG Port)'' 38 mm (63°) ''Front glacis'' 76.2 mm (19°) ''Lower glacis''
|63.5 mm ''Overall side armour'' 76.2 mm ''Side hatch'' 38.1 mm ''Side edge''
|50.8 mm 25.4 mm (60-69°) ''Bottom''
|19.05 mm ''Front'' 15.87 mm ''Rear''
|-
|Turret||89 mm (0-49°) ''Turret front'' 89 mm (0-30°) ''Gun mantlet'' 19.05 mm (77°) ''Roof area''
|76.2 mm (0-47°)||76.2 + 7 mm||19.05 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The Churchill III uses the same engine as any previous or later production of the Churchill series, namely the Belford "Flat Twelve" 12-cylinder, horizontal petrol engine. Although it can drive the vehicle, it will never be the first to hit the frontline due to its rather slow acceleration and a top speed of 24 km/h.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=452|rbMinHp=310}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Petard (230 mm)}}

The 29 mm of the tank's designation refers to the spigot (the tube that the ammunition is inserted onto); the ammunition itself is 230 mm and known as the "Petard", or commonly as the "flying dustbin" referring to its dustbin-like appearance. With around 17.8 kg of TNT explosive charge, a single hit can demolish most, if not all, targets the AVRE will face at its tier. Be careful of its rather long reload time (reloaded by the driver from an overhead hatch into the barrel) and damage to the ammunition itself, even from machine gun fire.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Petard (230 mm)|230 mm Petard]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 16 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 19.4 || 26.9 || 32.6 || 36.1 || 38.4 || rowspan="2" | 26.00 || rowspan="2" | 23.00 || rowspan="2" | 21.20 || rowspan="2" | 20.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Petard (230 mm)/Ammunition|No.1 Demolition Bomb}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''16''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}

All British-built tanks in WWII mount a .303 BESA machine gun; in this case, the machine gun is mounted in the turret for taking out exposed crews of enemy vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 9,450 (225) || 600 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Unlike common Churchill series with 75 mm gun, AVRE is equipped with a "29 mm Spigot" instead for breaching defense lines; the caliber itself is indeed harmless at first glance, but do remember spigot means the base tube of the weapon - the diameter of the projectile itself is 230 mm, second largest to Sturmtiger's 38 cm rocket in ground battle. To say at least, at its tier, nothing can survive a direct hit from that demolition charge. While the charge sounds invincible against any targets, if players underestimate any potential enemies, they can often find ways to sent the AVRE to its kingdom come. Thus it has to use with caution while holding devastating power.

A thumb rule for any petard mortars is - it will never fly straight. For players who might have experiences or knowledge on such type of weapon, it can be said as an oversized PIAT anti-tank launcher. Due to the supersize of the demolition charge and method of launching, even with the propellent charges ignited, the 40 lbs (or, 18.2 kg) charge can only fly at most 150 meters; in reality during WWII, the vehicle was usually used for breaching enemy fortifications or fortified buildings at very close range without risking the lives of Royal Engineers, which also means the vehicle is designed for scenario with very few or none AT weapon from the enemy. In most cases in game, around the tier of AVRE, most tanks with low caliber guns or short barrel are powerless against the AVRE; this do applies to tanks with only full-caliber kinetic shells, sometimes players might run into tank destroyers with long-barrel gun or tanks with HEAT and even APDS shells (exclusive to Swedish tanks). Churchill III (its chassis) by itself is certainly durable by this tier with 89 mm of armor up front, this time even with spare tracks as applique armor; do remember that is perpendicular to the ground, thus enemy guns just only need to get in range with sufficient penetration to hit the tank, those aforementioned guns will not have problem doing so given the tank is not angled at all; angling on a Churchill is quite an experience due to the tank design - since the tank has a somewhat complicated side layout and the tracks are covered by steel plates, by just angling the tank by some extent, the ballistics of enemy shells will become very complicated upon penetration, thus bouncing the shell or not having enough penetration to harm the combat compartment. As long as players can keep the vehicle operational and reach firing radius, aiming for the closest enemy is a good idea to earn income as it doesn't require gun sight adjustments before firing, due to the rather curve ballistics and extremely slow velocity, the demolition charge can only travel up to 150 m at most; this is also risky without any support from friendly vehicles to defend against flanking or eliminating high-threat targets with high-penetration gun, any misses on enemy also leads to a up-to 26 second reload - more than enough for any tanks at its tier to fire 4 times. For most targets, landing the charge on them is already a certain death sentence to them or at least disable them enough for another shot, hitting heavy targets i.e KVs or StuGs needs the player to aim for their top plates as close as possible to overpressure them for good.

The AVRE is a quite unique experience for a combat vehicle at its tier: while it has the most devastating firepower, the ballistics become a major drawback of the vehicle. But when players can advance the vehicle with caution for flanking enemies and only advances to vantage points with sufficient cover for retreat, enemy will have very hard time dealing with the "flying dustbin" and its demolition charge. Plan wisely for advance while being a spearhead to break through enemy lines.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Huge explosive filler in mortar shell can obliterate anything it touches, even above its BR
* Due to curved arc of the mortar, it can be easily lobbed over obstacles or terrain to hit target hiding behind them
* Extremely thick armour, especially for its BR

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely terrible shell velocity; cannot shoot further than 10 meters in a straight line, and has a maximum range of only 150 meters
* Being a mortar shell, the shell takes very long time to lob and descend onto the target if shooting at range, making it very difficult to hit moving targets
* Due to very limited range of the mortar, the tank struggle to perform in open terrain where virtually all enemies can outrange it
* Mortar shell can be detonated inside the barrel, potentially causing lethal damage
* Very poor top speed and mobility, highly vulnerable to airstrike

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

* [[Mortars]]
* [[Matilda Hedgehog]]
* [[38 cm Sturmmörser]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain heavy tanks}}
{{Britain premium ground vehicles}}

File:ArtImage Churchill AVRE Petard.png

2024-10-27T20:06:21Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1108349/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1108349/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Conqueror

2024-10-25T15:59:39Z

U9202753: New specs-card artimage, old screenshots moved to media:images

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_conqueror_mk_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}_AddArmour.jpg|ArtImage3_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

Following the reveal of the [[IS-3]] during the 1945 Victory Parade through Berlin, the British realised the need for a new heavily armed and heavily armoured tank. Plans were drawn to create a "Universal Tank" hull, which would then be able to mount a variety of different armaments to suit a range of roles. The heaviest of this set of planned vehicles was the '''Conqueror''', armed with a 120 mm gun inspired by and developed alongside that of the American [[M103]], designed to be able to face down any Soviet threats and provide long-range anti-tank support for the existing [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]].

By 1950, the new hull and chassis were nearing completion, while the gun and turret were still under development. Thus, a project to mount the turret of the [[Centurion Mk 3]] was spawned, in order to ease the development process and train crews on the new hull, resulting in the [[Caernarvon]]. 1951 saw completion of the new gun and its acceptance into service, while the turret was still being finalised; plans for a stop-gap carriage for the new gun resulted in the Centurion hull-based [[Conway]]. Prototypes were complete by 1952, and the tank itself finally entered service in 1955, being sent immediately to armoured regiments stationed in West Germany. Both the Conqueror and Centurion were ultimately replaced by the [[Chieftain (Family)|Chieftain]] in 1966.

Introduced in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]] along with the initial British ground tree, the Conqueror deviates from most earlier British designs, favouring firepower and armour. With an extremely powerful main cannon, solid armour protection, and surprising (but still rather lacking) manoeuvrability for such a heavy vehicle, the Conqueror proves to be a highly effective sniper and support tank, able to crack open heavily armoured targets from long ranges. Making use of its strong armour and gun stabiliser allows it to also be put to good use in close-range brawls, although the subpar mobility and long reload can limit the vehicle in this aspect.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:Conqueror trapshot mantlet .png|thumb|400x400px|A basic weak spot of the Conqueror; the gun mantlet. The area is hit because of Conqueror's poor depression. It can be targeted by large-calibre HE, APDS and Sabot shells. - The shown camouflage is known as 'Phalanx', part of the "Night Vision" chest.]]
The Conqueror Mark 2 utilizes a modified version of Caernarvon's hull, with respectable frontal armour capable of shrugging off rounds from many adversaries. Unfortunately, this hull suffers from similarly weak side and rear armour - and as such angling, the vehicle can prove extremely dangerous if it exposes the side too much. The Conqueror replaces the Caernarvon's Centurion-based turret with a fresh design, providing much better crew spacing and protection. The turret is not without its weaknesses, however; the commander's cupola protrudes quite significantly and APHE or HESH shells may disable internal turret components or crew members. There is also a weak section directly behind the mantlet at the top of the turret, penetration of which will disable crew or the breech/horizontal turret drive.
Trap shots are possible, it is likely to get shot with a high-calibre HE, capable of damaging the tank by hitting the base of the turret and exploding into the driver and/or ammo rack just below it. Unlike with similar tank [[M103]] though, for most heavy tanks HE can only penetrate the driver hatch, taking them out, and damage the gun breech on a good hit. SPG calibre HE (like 152 mm of [[Object 268]]) will definitely destroy the roof armour and ammo rack, resulting in a knock-out, unless only a few shells are being carried (which is highly impractical). Non-HE shells are less likely to ricochet and do significant internal damage like this, but it is still possible to push them into the tank.

The frontal track guards are also very vulnerable at particular angles and can be exploited even when sides are not exposed to instantly destroy the tank using nearly any gun, like with [[Churchill Mk VII]]. The more realistic scenario, however, is high-calibre HESH hitting the ground next to them and setting the tank on fire or outright destroying it. Fortunately, most tanks which are capable of this and are going out of their way to use HESH instead of HEAT are British and can only be your opponent in AB, in RB the likelihood of receiving such hit is greatly reduced.

The Conqueror has a researchable add-on armour package which improves the vehicle's survivability to HEAT rounds and by a small amount to kinetic rounds.<ref name="dtic" /> The Conqueror is relatively resistant to HEAT ammunition, smaller HEAT ammunition may have issue harming the Conqueror when hull-down.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (turret)
* Structural steel (Side skirts)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 130 + 20 mm (59°) ''Front glacis'' 76 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 + 6 mm || 38 mm ''Top'' 20 mm (60°) ''Bottom'' || 44 mm ''Front'' 17 mm ''Crew hatch'' 17 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 152-313 mm (0-68°) ''Turret front'' 89-200 mm (0-78°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 89-233 mm (1-48°) || 50 mm (1-34°) || 51 mm 31 mm ''Square area near gun'' 17 mm ''Crew hatches''
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 203 mm (0-17°) || 70 mm (12-14°) || 51 mm 17 mm ''Crew hatch''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and bogies are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Front of turret vary in armour thickness, from 152 mm to 313 mm, but it is all very sloped due to turret design.
* The front of the turret roof has an additional armour plate of 31 mm in thickness.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,046|rbMinHp=716|AoAweight=1.1}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has reasonable mobility, despite its weight, thanks to a powerful engine and favourable gearbox ratios. It does suffer from a somewhat limited top speed of 34 km/h, however it reaches this speed fairly easily on-road and on smooth off-road surfaces. The vehicle has surprisingly responsive hull traverse due to the engine power and neutral steering capability. The {{PAGENAME}} has a reasonable reverse speed for a British vehicle, however it shouldn't be relied on too heavily.

When the add-on armour package is researched and equipped, the vehicle's weight will increase by 1.1 tonnes, resulting in a minor decrease in mobility.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Ordnance QF Tk. L1A2 (120 mm)}}

The 120 mm L1A2 is a powerful gun, derived from the M58 mounted on the M103 heavy tank. Unlike the M103's selection of HEAT or AP, the Conqueror instead utilises HESH and APDS ammunition, and again unlike the M103, mounts a two-plane stabiliser. The L1A2 exhibits excellent accuracy and long-range performance, although due to the sub-par post-penetration effects of APDS in some cases multiple rounds are required to secure a knock-out, particularly at range where critical components or ammunition is less reliably hit.

Despite this, the Conqueror performs admirably as a sniper, covering capture points or thoroughfares, and should primarily rely on APDS with careful thought as to placement. HESH may prove useful against lighter vehicles or in cases where a target's side armour is exposed, but otherwise should not be relied on for anything besides pure luck. It's important to remember that the Conqueror has a reasonably long reload of 19.4 seconds at base; and as such careful consideration should be made as to what to prioritise disabling first.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ordnance QF Tk. L1A2 (120 mm)|120 mm Ordnance QF Tk. L1A2]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 35 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 13.2 || 18.3 || 22.2 || 24.5 || 26.1 || rowspan="2" | 19.37 || rowspan="2" | 17.14 || rowspan="2" | 15.80 || rowspan="2" | 14.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.7 || 11.4 || 13.9 || 15.3 || 16.3
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Ordnance QF Tk. L1A2 (120 mm)/Ammunition|Shot L1G, Shell L1TK}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo type
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''35''' || Projectiles || 34 ''(+1)'' || 31 ''(+4)'' || 29 ''(+6)'' || 27 ''(+8)'' || 23 ''(+12)'' || 22 ''(+13)'' || 17 ''(+18)'' || 9 ''(+26)'' || 1 ''(+34)'' || rowspan="2" | No
|-
| Propellants || 35 ''(+0)'' || 34 ''(+1)'' || 33 ''(+2)'' || 32 ''(+3)'' || 23 ''(+12)'' || 9 ''(+26)'' || 1 (''+34)'' || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Notes''':

* The first propellant rack contains only a single charge of propellant, so even when bringing a full load of 35 rounds this rack will always be empty as the first round loaded into the gun upon spawn.
* It is advised to take 22 rounds into combat if you wish to maximise available shots but remove the propellant charges racked just beside the driver if considering the weak spot that is the lower front plate of the Conqueror.
* The propellant portion of the ready rack is comprised of a single charge rack and a seven-charge rack. As these spaces make up the 8 round ready rack ammo count they are considered as a single rack for the purposes of deciding how much ammo to take. However if a player were to take only 7 rounds the single rack to the left of the loader would be empty of a charge.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The Conqueror sports two machine guns, one of which is pintle-mounted and may prove itself a deterrent to some close air support. The machine guns may on occasion prove useful for destroying incoming ATGMs, given a bit of luck.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,750 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 3,750 (250) || 500 || -10°/+30° || ±180°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Conqueror can be effectively played as a sniper, or a steady breakthrough tank, providing the vehicle's slow reload and weak lower front plate are considered. This heavy tank should not be played in a brawling role. It will easily be flanked and disposed by the side armour plates. Commanders are advised to remain on some of these roles:

'''Sniper Role'''

When used in a sniper role, the Conqueror should utilise extreme ranges with some form of cover available, in case the situation goes awry. Ensure awareness is maintained for light flanking vehicles or enemy sniping vehicles on off-angles that may be able to disable the Conqueror through side armour. Play conservatively, avoiding wasting shots, having to wait for the long reload time, and avoid exposing the hull where possible.

Remember the rangefinder and if possible find locations that cover the hull of the Conqueror.

'''Breakthrough Role'''

The Conqueror may be utilised in a breakthrough role, although it should be played conservatively with allies and with a level of map awareness at all times. The stabilised gun allows the conqueror to comfortably fire on the move - a rare piece of equipment at the rank - this gives it a distinct advantage over most targets it will face at close range, with the ability to reliably hit targets without waiting for the suspension sway to subside. However, the vehicle's slow reload means that calculated shots are a requirement, and wasting any round may have dire results.

As usual, keep in mind that the vehicle's sides and lower front plate are particularly vulnerable and exposing either to enemy fire will often result in the Conqueror's destruction. If the advance seems to be failing, or the Conqueror is on risk to be flanked. Remember the good reverse speed, this along smoke cover will grant second chances.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* APDS round is extremely powerful and accurate
* HESH ammo may have surprising results, and can prove particularly effective against light or side armour
* The L1A2 cannon is fully two-plane stabilised, allowing it to be fired accurately on the move
* Coaxial machine gun has ballistic performance similar to the HESH round and may be used for ranging
* Turret and upper front plate are very sloped and armoured, with few weak points
* Add-on armour offers more protection in the form of spaced armour to the turret cheeks and upper plate
* Well-spaced crew make the vehicle unlikely to be affected by crew knock-out in a single hit
* Reasonably good mobility despite weight and huge gun
* Optical rangefinder allows for accurate distance measuring
* Reasonable reverse speed allows the Conqueror to peek shots effectively
* Conqueror has commander override: a knocked out gunner will not prevent the player from firing

'''Cons:'''

* HESH is not reliable against any vehicle with semi-decent armour; requires high skills and knowledge of the enemy
* The APDS penetration at angles above 45 degrees is significantly reduced
* Long reload time (19.4 second base) for British standards, although relatively standard for the calibre
* Only rifle-calibre machine guns
* Particularly weak side armour and lower front plate; will be commonly targeted areas
* Only 17 mm of protection on the wide engine deck will be targeted by planes
* Top speed is limited at only 34 km/h; it faces really mobile enemies such as the [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard Is]]
* Large cupola can be exploited by APHE ammunition

== History ==


===Development===
In 1944, General Staff started a project called ''A45 Infantry Support Tank'', which started around the same time as the development of the [[Centurion Mk 1|A41 Centurion]] cruiser tank. This project, after the war, was redesignated from a typical "Infantry Tank" and instead focused on a new role of a "Universal Tank" design in the form of the FV 200 series. The "Universal Tank" concept was to design a vehicle that would have a mobility comparable to that of cruiser tanks, but with the armour and firepower of heavy tanks. The FV 200 series designation was adopted and was to serve as a line of vehicles that used the same hull and chassis in different roles like armour recovery vehicles and self-propelled guns. The first tank of this series was to be the FV 201, which would be 55 tons and use the 20-pounder gun.

In 1949, a new requirement for the project called for the use of a 120 mm gun, possibly in response to the reveal of the Soviet [[IS-3]] heavy tank in the Berlin Victory Parade in 1945. This new requirement would delay the initial deadlines for the tank as no gun of that calibre had been developed yet. As a interim development before such a gun could be made, the FV 201 hull was mounted with a turret from the Centurion tank and this created the FV 221 [[Caernarvon]], with Mark I for a 17-pounder armament and a Mark II for a 20-pounder armament. However, the success of the lighter Centurion tank made the Caernarvon unsuitable in a "Main Battle Tank" role. Further development on the Caernarvon, with emphasis on the armour and armament, would develop the '''FV 214 Conqueror''' tanks, some were straight up conversions of Caernarvon Mark IIs. About 185 Conquerors were produced in Mk.1 and Mk.2 variants from 1955 to 1959.

===Design===
The FV 214 Conqueror, also known as the "Tank, Heavy No. 1, 120 mm Gun, Conqueror", was intended to provide a mobile, long-range anti-tank support for the lighter and more numerous Centurion tanks stationed in Germany. As a response to the heavy [[IS-3]] tank in Soviet service, the tank's armament and armour is taken up and beyond extreme to typical NATO armour development. The armour, with a frontal plate of about seven inches (178 mm), made the tank one of the most protected tanks stationed in West Germany. The abundance of armour made the tank heavy, weighing 64 tons, and this impeded the tank's top speed and made it mechanically unreliable. However, the tank was very mobile in cross-country terrain, seen as equal as the lighter and faster Centurion tank.

The gun was the very large 120 mm cannon, the largest calibre tank gun available when it was introduced. The gun was American-developed, the same 120 mm cannon that would arm the [[M103|M103]] heavy tank. The gun uses a two-piece ammunition and the tank allowed for a ammo stowage of 35 rounds. Another notable feature of the Conqueror aside from its large cannon and thick armour was the unique and rotatable commander's cupola. In the cupola was the Conqueror's fire control system and had many features that made it ahead of its time. Being able to be rotated independent from the turret, plus with a coincidence rangefinder, the commander could align the cupola to a target, measure its range, and direct the gunner to the designated target. While the gunner located and engage the target, the commander could go and find a different target to designate and range.

===Usage===
The Conqueror were all stationed in West German in the armoured regiments stationed there. Each regiment received 9 Conquerors and were organized in groups of three as tank troops to support the Centurions in any conflict that arise from the tense situation of the Cold War. As history played out, the Cold War never became "hot" and no hostile conflicts arise in the borders of Germany, thus the Conquerors never saw any use aside from training as they were all exclusively stationed on the German borders. The Conqueror's intention to provide a long-range anti-tank capability for the Centurions, became less significant when the Centurions began to arm themselves with the more powerful 105 mm L7 gun, such as the [[Centurion Mk 10]]. The lower tactical value of the Conqueror and further development on heavy tanks in Britain had the Conquerors replaced in 1966 with the much more powerful and armoured, yet lighter, [[Chieftain Mk 3|FV 4201 Chieftain tank]].

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:ArtImage Conqueror.png
File:ArtImage2 Conqueror.png
</gallery>

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_conqueror_mk_2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 6:21 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|94S5XQwnX2I|'''The Shooting Range #108''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|JmaDhygkvDg|'''Tank Chats #145 <nowiki>| Conqueror |</nowiki> The Tank Museum''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Caernarvon]]
* [[Conway]]

;Shared operational history

* [[Centurion Mk 10]]
* [[Caernarvon]]

;Analogues of other nations

* [[IS-7]]
* [[IS-4M]]
* [[T-10M]]/[[T-10A]]
* [[M103]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/850/|[Devblog] Сenturion Mk III and Conqueror Mk II]]
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/870|[Devblog] Conqueror Armor Investigation]]

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="dtic">[https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a474293.pdf Trials against Conqueror tanks with additional ballistic protection - Part 2 The use of large hollow charge warheads.pdf]</ref>
</references>

{{Britain heavy tanks}}

File:ArtImage3 Conqueror.png

2024-10-25T15:55:51Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1119595/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1119595/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

File:ArtImage2 Spitfire Mk IIa.png

2024-09-29T16:30:05Z

U9202753:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (.JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117625/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Spitfire Mk IIa

2024-09-29T14:40:35Z

U9202753: New Specs-Card Artimage. Old picture moved to Media: Images

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfiremkiia
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

In 1939, a trial was undertaken in which a [[Spitfire Mk Ia|Spitfire Mk I]] was fitted with a new 1,175-hp Merlin XII engine, the success of which resulted in the designation of a new variant: the Spitfire Mk II. Other improvements included a new, more efficient cooling system, and a move away from the previous external electric engine starting systems. The Mk IIa variant in particular was fitted with the "A-type" wing, allowing an armament of 8 Browning .303 machine guns, much like the preceding Mk Ia. Spitfire Mk IIs were rapidly manufactured and delivered, replacing all Mk Is in active service by April 1941.

Introduced in [[Update 1.35]], the Spitfire Mk IIa is an improvement over its predecessor, with an even greater ability to gain the altitude advantage over opposing fighters and dictate the terms of the ensuing dogfight. The Spitfire Mk IIa's main strength continues to be its ability to turn-fight opponents, while its good top speed allows it to pursue any aircraft attempting to disengage and recoup. However, the Mk IIa also retains the same deficiencies of the Mk Ia, namely the weak but numerous Browning machine guns. While they present great volume of fire, they do not have great stopping power and are also quite limited by convergence due to their spread-out nature across the wings, and thus may require a long time on target to successfully down an opponent.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,572 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 549 || 533 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 15.9 || 16.5 || 16.0 || 16.0 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 597 || 571 || 14.4 || 15.1 || 23.9 || 19.4
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 230 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 500
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,490 m || 1,140 hp || 1,311 hp
|-
|}

====Engine performance====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine Name
! colspan="3" | Number present
|-
| colspan="3" | Rolls-Royce Merlin-XII 12-cylinder || colspan="1" | 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine characteristics
|-
! colspan="2" | Weight (each)
! colspan="1" | Type
! colspan="1" | Cooling
|-
| colspan="2" | 625 kg || Inline || Water
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Stock)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | 921 hp || colspan="2" | 1,074 hp
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | 911 hp || colspan="2" | 1,064 hp
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Upgraded)
|-
! Mode
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | 1,148 hp || colspan="2" | 1,301 hp
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | 1,020 hp || colspan="2" | 1,173 hp
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | WEP Duration
|-
! colspan="2" | Arcade
! colspan="2" | Realistic/Simulator
|-
| colspan="2" | 25 seconds || colspan="2" | Infinite
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 4 mm Steel plate in pilot's seat.
* 6-7 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 8 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 2,800 total)

== Usage in battles ==


The Spitfire should climb at the beginning of battle in order to utilise its very good climb rate. It can reliably attain an altitude advantage over the enemy, which allows the pilot to pick and choose which engagements they wish to take part in but you should not fight enemies while on high altitude as engine performance is terrible over certain one.

The Spitfire also has very good turning characteristics, and turn-fight engagements are usually the best way to fight. It is possible to fake a head-on (by pulling away once your enemy starts firing) if you're forced to by an enemy plane but it is highly recommended to never commit to a head-on engagement. A sensible opponent will try to energy fight you which you need to look out for. You can lose your energy faster than you realize and when you do, you've most likely been baited and are an easy target. However, if you are able to engage the enemy in an extended turn, the plane's great turn rate will work wonders.

The Spitfire has a relatively good ammo count, spread between a very high number of guns. But, the 8 machine guns are only 7.7 mm in calibre, and are wing-mounted, meaning that convergence is an issue. This also means that accuracy when firing head-on can be difficult. It is recommended to set convergence at 300-500 m. This plane's guns can also be used against lightly-armoured ground targets such as artillery, AAA, or howitzers.

This plane can often suffer from overheating issues. Be careful about this when deciding to enter into an engagement; if it becomes necessary to reduce throttle and cool the engine in the midst of a turning- or energy-based engagement, there may be an opportunity for the enemy to gain the upper hand.

==== Specific enemies worth noting ====

* Heavy bombers - Although the Spitfire Mk IIa is armed with 8 guns, they are only 7.7 mm in calibre. So, it can be difficult to destroy heavy fighters, attackers, and especially bombers. It is likely that long bursts will be necessary to destroy such targets, and that gives time for enemy turret gunners to shoot back. Luckily, most bombers at this tier are not defended by turrets from all angles. Try to plan attack runs so that you don't fly in the enemy's line of fire.
* Bf 109s can do tremendous amounts of damage if you don't watch out. They have quite good turning performance and their energy retention is excellent with a skilled pilot.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Eight 7.7 mm machine guns provide great anti-fighter power
* Great turn rate
* Good roll rate at low speed
* Great rate of climb
* Decent armour, a front 38 mm glass and rear 4-7 mm steel plates

'''Cons:'''

* Machine guns only effective in continuous bursts and only on short range
* Ammo can run out quickly in prolonged, uncontrolled bursts
* Quick kills against large bombers are difficult
* Machine guns cannot penetrate heavily armoured targets
* Bad high altitude performance
* Roll rate stiffens dramatically at ~350 km/h
* Pulling negative G's and rolling the plane ([[Realistic Battles|Realistic]]/[[Simulator Battles|simulator]] only) can cause the carburettor (engine) to fail quickly
* Terrible water radiator forces you to keep on 90% throttle
* No combat nor take-off flaps

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Supermarine Spitfire was a British fighter which served with various nations from the late 1930s up into the 1950s. It was a single-engine, all-metal, low-wing monoplane with retractable landing gear. Various modifications served as fighters, interceptors, high-altitude fighters, fighter-bombers and reconnaissance aircraft. A total of some 20,300 Spitfires of all types were built during the war, including two-seater trainers.

In the summer of 1939, an early Spitfire Mk I was fitted with the new Rolls Royce Merlin XII engine, which had a higher output of 1175 HP and was fitted with a Coffman engine starter instead of the previous Merlin's electrical starter system. This, combined with the Rotol variable pitch propeller which had been used on many Spitfire Mk Is would now form the powerplant of the new Spitfire Mk II, although some production models used the De Havilland propeller. The Mk II was some 10-11 km/h (6-7 mph) faster than the later Spitfire Mk I, but still slower than the original Spitfires before a series of modifications increased the aircraft's weight. As with the Mk I, the Spitfire Mk II was produced with either eight machine guns as the Spitfire Mk IIA, or two 20 mm cannons and four machine guns as the Mk IIb. The earlier problems with cannon fitted to the Mk IB had now been solved by introducing a belt feed system to the weapon to replace the earlier drum, turning the cannon on its side and fitting a blister on the wing to house the new mechanism.

920 Spitfire Mk IIs entered service; 750 Mk IIA and 170 MK IIB, although fighters used in the air-sea rescue role were later designated Mk IIC. The Spitfire II quickly replaced the Spitfire I, with the older variant being relegated to use in Operational Training Units. By April 1941, RAF Fighter Command had completed re-equipping with the Mk II, although this too would soon be replaced by the Mk V.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:ArtImage Spitfire Mk IIa.png
</gallery>

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=spitfiremkiia Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/287255-supermarine-spitfire-mk-iia/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

File:ArtImage2 Spitfire Mk IIa.png

2024-09-29T14:38:38Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (.JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117625/en/ |- |Skin || |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (.JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117625/en/
|-
|Skin ||
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Hampden Mk I

2024-09-28T23:09:46Z

U9202753: Specs-Card ArtImage added.

{{About
| about = British bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Hampden (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=hp52_hampden_mk1_late
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].

The Hampden is one of the first bombers you get in the British tree, and without a doubt defines the style of flying for the remainder of the tree. Its decent performance combined with all-powerful bomb load can quickly rack your score up into the thousands. On maps like Essen, use your superior speed to bomb the ground targets before any other bombers, then drop your altitude and rearm at the airfield. After, fly low with a bomb delay and hit the remaining targets or bases.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,962 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 404 || 388 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.1 || 27.9 || 5.3 || 5.3 || rowspan="2" | 366
|-
! Upgraded
| 460 || 428 || 25.0 || 26.0 || 10.9 || 7.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 506  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 388 || 359 || 210 || ~5 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 315 || < 310 || < 300 || > 200
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 9.5 mm Steel plate in front of cockpit on fuselage top.
* 9.5 mm Steel plate behind the dorsal gunner.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Browning machine gun, nose-mounted (300 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|G.P. Mk.I (1,000 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (4,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Vickers K (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun, nose turret (1,000 rpg)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine guns, dorsal turret (1,300 rpg = 2,600 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine guns, ventral turret (1,350 rpg = 2,700 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Hampden Mk I is an average early bomber which, though rather average, should not be taken lightly. It is able to take quite a large bombload for its size, allowing it to take out bomb points and ground targets with ease.

The below tactics can be used in all games modes:

'''How to offensively engage an enemy aircraft:'''

If you happen to see an enemy aircraft, you should not engage it. Only in cases where it's the last enemy player or it should be at and disadvantage should the Hampden be brave enough to attack an enemy aircraft. Hampden should try and climb above the enemy then dive to get in front of target. Then use its defensive four 7.7 mm machine guns to tear into enemy aircraft's cockpit and knock out the pilot, engines and any gunners. This way try to use the defensive armaments in an offensive way. The single offensive .30 cal machine gun might not put out enough firepower to take out enemy aircraft, other than some reserve and lower battle rating aircraft, since it's only a single .30 cal with 300 rounds which will limit the damage the Hampden can do.

'''How to perform defensive fighting:'''
Best way for the Hampden Mk I to defend itself is by trying to get the enemy aircraft to get on the rear where its 4 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine guns have the coverage to be able to fire at the enemy. Lacking 360 degree turrets makes the Vickers have a limited area of coverage and leaves a lot of the plane exposed for enemy fighters to swoop in from. So best course of action is to get them on the Hampden's tail.

Should an enemy fighter move to engage the Hampden, do not try to outmanoeuvre it. Simply dive and go as low as possible while in gunner view and aim for the enemy's engine. Try and damage it or give it some critical damage to fend it off. If one is lucky it will burst into flames or the pilot be knocked out and it will be out of the battle for good.

==== Specific enemies worth noting ====
The planes to be feared are usually those that carry cannons or 12.7 mm machine guns. These kind of planes can easily cause heavy damage to the Hampden.
Planes like: [[P-400]], [[P-40 (Family)|P-40]], [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3]], [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]] and [[J22-B]]. But those are not the only threats, since there are many more aircraft that will be a considerable threat to Hampden Mk I.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Third heaviest payload for its BR (behind the [[Ju 88 A-4]] and the [[Hampden TB Mk I]])
* Offensive machine gun can be useful for killing soft ground targets
* Back gunner makes short work of low tier planes
* Decent manoeuvrability for a bomber

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible roll rate
* Possibility to face planes with 20 mm cannons and 12.7 mm guns
* Vickers machine gun isn't very accurate
* Unlike the [[Hampden TB Mk I]] it cannot carry a torpedo
* Does not like to take battle damage
* No protection for pilot when enemy planes attack you head on
* Hits to the wings can start fuel tank fires due to all the fuel tanks being internally mounted in the wings
* Rear gunners' arc is very limited
* Carrying the largest payload option will slow the plane to a crawl

== History ==

The Handley Page Hampden was the last and fastest twin-engined bomber of the "trio" during the Phoney War. It was designed to meet Air Ministry Specification B.9/32 which called for a faster, heavier, and more powerful bomber that would replace the existing Bristol Blenheim and the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley. The designer, G.V Vokert, designed an interesting prototype, designated HP.52. This plane was originally powered by Napier Sabre Dagger engines, but switched to the more powerful Bristol Pegasus radial engines. Originally the Hampden had two Vickers K gun in ventral and dorsal positions, which proved to be inadequate for daylight defence. This was then switched to two Vickers K guns with modifications. The Hampden had many nicknames, because of the slim, compact and cramped fuselage it was nicknamed the "Flying Suitcase". It was oddly similar in role and appearance to the German fast day-bomber [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17]], which had the nickname "Flying Pencil".

RAF Squadron No.49 was the first to receive their new Hampdens. Bearing the brunt of early bombing raids on Europe. The Hampden proved no match for Luftwaffe fighters. It was subsequently switched to various night time operations, such as mine-laying, bombing raids on German soil, propaganda and torpedo bombing. Despite having great speed and manoeuvrability, the Hampden was declared obsolete and retired from service in 1942.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=hp52_hampden_mk1_late Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/342039-handley-page-hampden-mk-1-tb-1-tb-1-utk/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Handley}}
{{Britain bombers}}

File:ArtImage Hampden Mk I.png

2024-09-28T23:09:08Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117563/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117563/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Blenheim Mk IV

2024-09-27T18:32:58Z

U9202753: Specs-Card ArtImage added.

{{Specs-Card
|code=blenheim_mkiv
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Blenheim IV is a light bomber, therefore base bombing in Realistic Battles isn't recommended, as the armament of 2 x 500 lbs bombs isn't enough for one or two runs against a base. The Blenheim's advantage over other bombers is its speed, so remembering and implementing this into tactics is vital. Low and fast tactics are normally best, try to avoid flying at medium altitudes or high altitudes, as accuracy will drop and you will be weak against attacks from below. Although the "red-line" speed of the Blenheim is high, dive bombing isn't as accurate as level bombing, so try to fly very low over the target to ensure a hit with the weaker payloads. The front turret guns have been modified to only fire rearwards, so the wing mounted gun which was only intended as a range finder in real life is your only FF weapon, but this can still ground attack un-armoured targets, with time and patience, although the turret method was easier.

The plane can also be used as a fighter. This is due to its supreme low-speed turn capabilities. The Blenheim turns into a Spitfire with flaps deployed, and the elevator fully extended. Surprising as it may sound, the frontal armament may prove devastating when used in a correct way. That is, if you load tracers, for not only unlike other ammunition choices it gives you a rough idea where the shells are going, but also it consists of the best shell composition, with a decent chance to light fires. As for the turrets, load universal, again due to its best shell composition.

The Blenheim can be absolutely deadly to other early planes, particularly as the biplanes it will be up against are often flown by inexperienced pilots who tend to position themselves right behind bombers at very close range while attacking -- in other words, their planes will be stationary relative to the gunner, and at such a close range that he simply cannot miss. Thus, a single Blenheim bomber picking off large numbers of enemy planes is a common sight. The Blenheim has one forward-firing weapon, but it's mounted far out on the wing, so hitting targets with it effectively requires some practice.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,962 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 409 || 395 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.0 || 27.8 || 4.8 || 4.8 || rowspan="2" | 366
|-
! Upgraded
| 449 || 428 || 25.1 || 26.0 || 11.3 || 7.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 482  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 305 || 289 || 211 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 310 || < 310 || < 320 || > 320
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 1 mm Dural - Engine protective plate (one for each engine)
* 12.7 mm Steel - Armoured pilot and co-pilot seats
* 12.7 mm Steel - Armoured gunner's seat

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Browning machine gun, wing-mounted (500 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 4 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)|Vickers K (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, dorsal turret (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine guns, front ventral turret (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

In order to be successful in shooting down enemy aircraft, one needs to either immediately drop the bomb, or (on small maps like Bastogne, or Essen) dive down, and release on the first target spotted. Then it's just a matter of flying the plane like a Spitfire - turn fighting at low altitude, and sometimes stall fighting, and making all sorts of evasive manoeuvres (though this might seem ridiculous, do not worry, the plane really is capable of supporting such handling). When turning it is important to remember that the plane will rip during sharp turns at speeds exceeding 350 km/h. Obviously, at some point, you will get an enemy on your tail. Then, your defensive gunners come into play. All you need to do is to swing the tail of the aircraft around, and fire at the enemy with either your dorsal or ventral turret. It is also a good idea to first fire off all the ammunition in one of the turrets, and while it is reloading use the second one.

If you are down-tiered, you can use your speed to completely avoid some enemy fighters. At a decent altitude (3,000 m or above works best), biplanes will not be able to catch you and low tier monoplanes will struggle.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very high speed for its rank
* Great turn time
* Forward-firing machine gun
* Ventral and dorsal turrets on the same aircraft are rare at its tier
* Excellent coverage for ventral and dorsal turrets
* Defensive turrets are excellent against unarmoured aircraft
* Two back facing turrets one on top and one at the bottom so the defensive turrets can fire at a wide angle
* Engine performs at high altitude

'''Cons:'''

* Very vulnerable when the gunner is taken out
* Turrets lack punch, particularly when compared to the Beaufort
* Poor bomb load, even for its tier
* Offensive machine gun lacks any firepower
* No bulletproof glass or armour to protect the pilots from head-on attacks
* Can be very sluggish if an engine goes down
* Poor climb rate

== History ==

Making the first mission of WW2, then the next day, the first bombing raid, the Blenheim Mk IV was a vital part of the RAF's early war effort. It became obsolete in 1942 as newer planes and technology made the Bristol Blenheim outdated.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Originally developed as a prototype fast civilian transport aircraft, the Bristol Blenheim was a British light bomber widely used during the early days of the Second World War. The Blenheim was the first British all-metal aircraft and one of the first with a retractable landing gear, an electric defensive turret and a variable pitch propeller. Conversion from fixed-gear biplane bombers with fixed-pitch propellers to Blenheims, with their modern features, proved troublesome for some squadrons. Large numbers of levers, often poorly positioned, had great potential to cause confusion in critical stages of flight. For example, the landing gear lever was close to the flap lever, which sometimes led to retraction of flaps together with landing gear at takeoff, causing an immediate loss of lift. Improper prop pitch setting at takeoff often led to an overly long takeoff run and passing the runway threshold without becoming airborne.

The Blenheim Mk IV was not, as is often thought, a variant of the Mk I. Rather it was based on the Type 149 variant, based on the 11/36 requirement for a coastal reconnaissance/light bomber to replace the Avro Anson. During flight trials the Mk IV reached a top speed of 266 mph; faster than the Mk I. However, the data was misleading as the speed was reached at 12,000 ft, whereas the Mk I was tested at sea level, where it reached 239 mph - the Mk I was slightly faster at altitude. Unfortunately, this became obvious in combat, when Mk IVs fared no better against Luftwaffe fighters than the Mk I. It quickly became clear that Blenheims needed fighter escorts.

Whilst certainly one of the world's fastest aircraft during the prototype phase in 1935, the Blenheim did not have the speed to compete with enemy fighters by 1939. This, combined with its poor defensive armament and light payload made it an unsuccessful bomber, but tragically for the crews of RAF Bomber Command, it was available in large numbers. The Blenheim squadron losses up to 1941 were amongst the worst suffered by the RAF during the entire war. A modification of the Blenheim MkI did, however, have some notable successes as a pioneering night fighter until more suitable aircraft were developed in that role.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=blenheim_mkiv Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|u5714dpuDDo|'''The Shooting Range #176''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:02 discusses the Blenheim.}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
* [[File:Germany flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Bf 110 (Family)]]
* [[File:IJA flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Ki-45 (Family)]]
* [[File:France flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Potez 630 (Family)]]
* [[File:France flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Br.693AB2|Bréguet 693 AB.2]]
* [[File:Britain flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Beaufighter (Family)]]
* [[File:Netherlands flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Fokker G.IA (France)|Fokker G.IA]]
* [[File:USSR flag.png|30px|link=]] [[Yak-2 KABB]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3435--en|[Profile] The Blenheim Mk.IV, a reliable British classic]]

{{AirManufacturer Bristol}}
{{Britain bombers}}

File:ArtImage Blenheim Mk IV.png

2024-09-27T18:32:33Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117422/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117422/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Wellington Mk X

2024-09-27T17:35:05Z

U9202753: Specs-Card ArtImage added.

{{About
| about = British bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Wellington (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=wellington_mk10
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,053 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 392 || 377 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 36.3 || 37.5 || 3.2 || 3.2 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
! Upgraded
| 431 || 410 || 33.8 || 35.0 || 8.0 || 5.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 315 || 264 || 223 || ~5 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 275 || < 275 || < 310 || > 320
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 9 mm Steel plate in the pilot's seat.

When being attacked, the points of concern will be the engines, which are relatively easy to be set on fire. The 7.7 mm machine guns can be sufficient for some harassing fire against enemies so that they do not stay in one location and open fire, affecting their accuracy as they manoeuvre around. But against a determined enemy, the {{PAGENAME}} would otherwise be a sitting duck.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The default bomb load is a meagre 10 x 250 lb (117 kg) so upgrading to 18 x 250 or 9 x 500 "pounders" (500 lb (226 kg)) should be task number one. In order: unlock the Turret 7 mm ammo first, then the TC mk.I (torpedo) rack, and then the LBC mk.I.

Unlocking the 7 mm ammo gives access to the "Universal" AP-I belt as one works up to the bomb racks for 18 x 250 lb or 9 x 500 lb. After that, you can pursue your choice of upgrades.

Upgrades to the turret should also be considered. The different belts do not have a considerable effect, but the upgraded turrets allow for a longer fire at a greater rate, which is very important for the small rifle calibre machine guns.

However, speed and climb rate is also a necessity and the unlocks help the sluggish Wellington a lot. The decision should depend on the pilot's flying style. When rushing in, better armament will help in the retreat, but better performance will aid in returning to friendly zones quickly.

The sneaky approach, on the other hand, relies less on speed, but on surviving the random combat encounters. Turret upgrades are the way to go for this playstyle.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|G.P. Mk.I (1,000 lb)|H.C. Mk.II (4,000 lb)}}
{{main|S.A.P. Mk.II (500 lb)|A.P. Mk.I (2,000 lb)|18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 10 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 18 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 9 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs + 6 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 2 x 18 inch Mark XII torpedoes
* 1 x 4,000 lb H.C. Mk.II bomb (4,000 lb total)
* 9 x 500 lb S.A.P. Mk.II bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb A.P. Mk.I bombs (4,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, nose turret (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, tail turret (2,500 rpg = 10,000 total)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Browning machine gun, 2 x side turret (600 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

====Air battles====
In Air Battles, the winning tactic is to climb high and bomb your targets. If you don't want to climb the {{PAGENAME}}, is a great low flying bomber, offering great speed and manoeuvrability. However, it lacks any armour and only offers limited protection with turrets in the front, side and rear. It lacks armour plates, unlike other bombers of the other nations. A few well placed shots will see {{PAGENAME}}, getting torn apart to any aircraft which drop down to engage it from the top or belly. However, its rear gun turret offers four 7.7 mm machine guns which are able to shoot down the enemy aircraft with a few well placed shots.

====Ground battles====
The {{PAGENAME}} should be used as a strategic bomber, that is what it excels at in this game mode. It is too big to be used in the ground attack role, making it an easy target for enemy tankers. To use the {{PAGENAME}}, load up on 500 lbs or the single 4,000 lb cookie bomb. The 500 lbs, offer 65.5 Kg of HE filler and the cookie offers 1,339 Kg of HE filler.

Fly around the map, waiting for the enemy to cap the cap zones, when they start capping the zone - head towards it, gain altitude do not come in low or a single shot fired from a tank can knock you out of the game. Once at a good altitude, line up on the cap zone and drop the bombs. Any tank in the zone will be destroyed.

[[File:Wellington Torp Launching technic.jpg|thumb|right|364x364px|"Torpedo attack!" The best way to launch a torpedo at close range without sacrificing the aircraft, is to find the middle ground between the suggested drop direction and the target. That way making the evasive action of the torpedoes, harder. Whether the target slows down or turns, The torpedoes will be on collision course.]]

==== Naval battles ====
All of the Wellington bombers are well suited for the naval warfare, The {{PAGENAME}} being one of the best of them provides improved Browning turrets, more speed and two supreme payloads that will allow you to change the tides of a naval war in both Arcade and Realistic battles.

Those are:

* 2 х 18 inch Mark XII torpedoes
* 1 x 4,000 lb H.C. Mk.II bomb

With the torpedoes, the strategy goes in finding a good approach angle to successfully deliver both torpedoes to preferably gunboats and destroyers as they will have a tougher time evading them. Beware of anti-aircraft fire and swiftly turn back to safety while preparing the next drop.

Using the 4,000 lb bomb, the scenario takes place a bit higher. Way above the enemies' short and medium anti-aircraft guns that reach around 3,000 - 4,500 m altitude. Here you will be able to spot the biggest of the fishes. Those will be your targets and with some developed practice in predicting the drops you will decimate the entire enemy destroyers population in a short time, tanks to this extremely lethal bomb.

Just be alert of enemy planes that will be eager to take you down, using the Armoured targets belt provides some of the boost in defence you need as it cripples engines and pierces through metal.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:Wellington bombing.png|thumb|Wellington releasing a 4,000 lb "Cookie" blockbuster bomb onto a destroyer]]

'''Pros:'''

* Airframe itself is very durable
* Regular payload stock, but greatly improves roles when upgraded
* Extreme horizontal firing arc on front and rear turret of just over 180 degrees
* Good gunner ammunition supply
* The 4,000 lb bomb is devastating for ground and naval targets

'''Cons:'''

* Hopelessly outclassed by enemy fighters of similar rank
* Defensive turrets are easy to take out
* Defensive armament is very limited: Turrets only on the, Front, sides and rear
* Slow speed
* Bad climb rate, largely due to the combination of the heavy airframe with only average engines
* Lack of armour makes engines, crew, fuel tanks, etc noticeably vulnerable
* Control stiffening becomes a serious issue at airspeeds over 450 km/h
* Very clumsy in vertical manoeuvres

== History ==


Performance-wise the Wellington was not notably remarkable, its strength lay on the inside. Devised by one of the greatest innovative thinkers in history, Sir Barnes Neville Wallis devised a geodesic structure resulting in an exceptionally strong airframe. Together with Reginald Kirshaw "Rex" Pierson, they designed their record-making "Vickers Wellesley", paving the way for the "Wellington" and larger "Warwick".

With high aspect ratio wings and a spacious fuselage, it proved capable of handling a myriad of missions including early airborne radar and robust enough to absorb severe damage and fly home. Although the bomb bay configuration limited bomb size, its payload was slightly more than the Heinkel [[He 111 H-3]] and with greater range. It is also one of the first aircraft to have a powered turret in the extreme tail with a very wide arc; however, it was still inadequate to defend itself against attacking fighters and early models lacked self-sealing fuel tanks. Still, this aircraft was admired by crews and affectionately called "Wimpy" after Popeye's hamburger loving friend and sidekick whose full name is J. Wellington Wimpy.

Over 11,000 made, it equipped many RAF squadrons including those comprised of foreign crews like the Polish (4 squadrons), New Zealand (No. 75), and Czech (No. 311), one of which was captured by the Germans who used it for intelligence and training. "Viking", a passenger transport variant, became the world's first pure jet transport prototype aircraft in 1948.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
A twin-engine medium bomber, the Wellington Mk.X became the last production variant used by RAF Bomber Command. Its design was based on the Mk.III's airframe, and it featured similar armament and equipment. The main difference was a new 1,675 hp Bristol Hercules Mk.VI (though some planes featured the Hercules Mk.XVI) fourteen-cylinder double-row air-cooled engine. There was also a difference less noticeable but no less important than the replaced engine: the switch to newly developed light alloys with a better strength-to-specific gravity ratio. Using this alloy in the aircraft's structure allowed a higher take-off weight while preserving the Mk.III's flight characteristics.

Full-scale production of the Mk.X (Type 448) model started in the autumn of 1942 and it became the most numerous variant of the Wellington, with a combined total of 3,803 aircraft built.

After initial heavy losses in daylight bombing raids at the beginning of the war, the Wellington saw more success after changing role to night bombing. The aircraft also began serving in North Africa in September 1940 and in the Far East in April 1942. By 1942-43, the Wellington became the RAF Bomber Command's primary medium bomber; it was faster than the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley and it had a longer range than the Handley Page Hampden, even though its payload was just as great. In the first "1,000 bomber raid" on Cologne on May 30th 1942, 599 of the 1,043 aircraft were Wellingtons.

The Wellington bombers' last operational sortie with Bomber Command in Western Europe was on the night of October 8, 1943. The Wellington was succeeded by heavy four-engine aircraft such as the Short Stirling, the Handley Page Halifax, and the Avro Lancaster, as the RAF Bomber Command increased its pressure on Germany. However, variants of the Wellington Mk.X continued to serve with RAF Coastal Command for the remainder of the war; the Mks.XI through to XIV were all maritime versions of the Mk.X, fitted with ASV radar. And a variety of armaments.

Coastal Command Wellingtons were employed in protecting allied shipping in the South West Approaches from enemy submarines. Notable successes were scored by 172 Squadron, operating from RAF Chivenor, who were the first unit to attack a U-Boat at night using a combination of radar and a special carbon arc searchlight. October 1945 saw the construction of the last of 11,461 Wellingtons, and the aircraft was withdrawn from service in March 1953 after finishing its RAF career as a pilot and navigator trainer.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=wellington_mk10 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
Wellington Gunner.png||Gunner inside the Wellington handles his .303 Browning MG
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|RuBjkyZT6Yw|'''The Shooting Range #6''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 00:40 discusses the Vickers Wellington.}}

== See also ==


* [[Wellington (Family)]]
* [[He 111 H-6]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Vickers}}
{{Britain bombers}}

File:ArtImage Wellington Mk X.png

2024-09-27T17:34:18Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117418/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117418/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Object 435

2024-09-23T02:02:05Z

U9202753: Specs-Card ArtImage added.

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_object_435
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The Object 435 has a rather strange appearance like many other Soviet "Object" prototypes. The hull front has unusual angles that wouldn't seem out of place on the IS heavy tank family, but it has a very round turret reminiscent of the [[T-62]]. The suspension and roadwheels foreshadow the [[T-64A (1971)|T-64]]. It was designed as a next-generation medium tank to potentially replace the ubiquitous T-54/55 under the name "Object 430" with new 100 mm or 115 mm U-5TS (2A20) smoothbore gun for the Object 435, but ultimately was shelved for what eventually became the T-64 (Object 432) and now stored in Kubinka Tank Museum right next to the tank that won the state certification, T-64A (Object 434).

Introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]], the Object 435 offers a similar experience to the T-62 while being placed in the T-64/T-80 MBT line in the tech tree. It has the same powerful 115 mm smoothbore cannon with good APFSDS rounds that can tackle most foes without any issues at the cost of a slow reload. Mobility and turret traverse are slightly improved. It trades the ESS system for an optical rangefinder. A nice bonus is that while the T-62 lacks any kind of pintle machine gun, not even a humble 12.7 mm DShK, the Object 435 packs a KPVT 14.5 mm heavy machine gun that can shred light vehicles and helicopters. Players transitioning from the [[T-10M]] will be very happy to still have an effective supplement to the main cannon.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

For previous players who own T-64 series, they can tell Object 435 should have some kind of resemblance to the infamous "Kharkov (Kharkiv) Fortress" tanks from the flat, dish-like road wheels and narrow side skirts; this is indeed true as the Object 43x were the numbers used by the T-64 family and their competitors or prototypes. The Object 435 still used the irregular and angular UFP design from the Object 430 (while 432 was the T-64 itself, the LRIP variants with 115 mm gun), players will see 3 triangular plates on the UFP at 120 mm (front plate) and 40 mm (side plates) respectively; aside from that, the tank looks like an irregular T-62 from afar. The protection might look similar to previous [[T-54 (1947)]] with a 120 mm UFP at 60°, some might even start to consider it will be easy for APDS or late full-caliber shell to penetrate the UFP; this might be true to tanks like [[M103]] or [[Conqueror]] with high-penetration shells at their tier, but once the other tanks do so, they will most likely find their attempt fruitless as the UFP can provide up to 360 mm RHA equivalent even without composite armor. To say at least, for ensured penetrations, enemies will have to bring in vehicles with HEAT or APFSDS to penetrate the UFP. In most cases tanks below its tier could only rely on HEAT warhead to defeat the armor; but in some cases, the joints between the triangular plates can be vulnerable to full-caliber APCBC shots and hit the fuel tank/ammo storages, causing an explosion or even "Jack-in-the-Box" type detonation; sometimes the area around the mantle provides inconsistent protection where penetrated APCBC can damage the gun or even knock-out the crews in extreme cases.

The sides and rear are similar to previous Soviet medium tanks at 80 mm/40 mm (vs 80 mm/45 mm), while the sides has side skirts and tool boxes to stop oncoming shots from autocannons, the hull itself doesn't; if shots penetrated the sides, due to the cramped interior of the tank, either the crews will suffer fatal damages or ammunitions scattered around the center-mass will detonate. So do not show the sides to the enemies for the maximum survivability to Object 435.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 120 mm (60°) ''UFP''
40 mm (78°) ''Side UFP'' 120 mm (55°) ''LFP''
| 80 mm ''Top'' (Volumetric) 25 mm ''Bottom'' (Volumetric) || 40 mm (10°) || 20 mm (Volumetric)
|-
| Turret || 250 mm ''Turret front'' 40 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 160 mm (Volumetric) || 65 mm (Volumetric) || 30 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="4" | 30 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=899|rbMinHp=513}}

The mobility of the Object 435 is slightly improved over the T-62, with a slightly higher power-to-weight ratio thanks to the new Kharkov 5TD engine at 580 hp output. The reverse speed has also been improved by a small amount. Unfortunately it still lacks behind speedy MBTs like the Leopard or AMX-30, so it is not great for flanking or rushing vantage points.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|U-5TS (115 mm)}}

The 115 mm U-5TS smoothbore cannon is the same as on the T-62. It reloads more quickly than the T-10M's 122 mm rifled gun, but lags far behind NATO guns. It is very important to make every shot count. The Object 435 does enjoy a better turret rotation speed than the T-62, matching the [[T-64A (1971)]], which is helpful for brawling. One degree of gun depression is lost compared to the T-62.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[U-5TS (115 mm)|115 mm U-5TS]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 37 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 19.0 || 26.4 || 32.0 || 35.4 || 37.6 || rowspan="2" | 10.40 || rowspan="2" | 9.20 || rowspan="2" | 8.48 || rowspan="2" | 8.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The Object 435's ammunition needs no introduction to T-62 veterans. The stock 3BM4 round is a solid steel dart with a high muzzle velocity and good angled penetration. It has poor flat penetration, especially compared to the T-10M's heavy 3BM-11 APDS, but practically any tank can be dispatched with a shot to the hull. Even after the other ammunition types are unlocked, 3BM4 should be a staple in the Object 435's arsenal.

The 3BM3 tungsten-cored APFSDS has much greater flat penetration, but its angled penetration at 60° is degraded significantly. Since the Object 435 will meet very few enemy tanks that 3BM3 would perform better against than 3BM4, it should be mostly disregarded.

The 3BK4 HEAT-FS round is quite impressive within its class, with good penetration and TNT equivalent. It has less consistent damage than APFSDS and can be defeated by ERA, so it should be reserved for either overpressuring light targets or attacking huge steel behemoths like the [[Maus]] or [[Object 279]] that can sometimes block APFSDS.

The 3OF11 is an ordinary HE shell containing 2.64 kg of TNT. While it's enough to overpressure light vehicles, it's a far cry from the infamous 125 mm 3OF26 rounds of later Soviet MBTs and will have a difficult time damaging anything with decent protection, but is still much better than most HE shells similarly rated MBTs have to offer. The Object 435's slow reload also makes it very dangerous if an well-armoured target shows up when a HE shell is loaded. It helps to bring several rounds for smacking light tanks or exposed cupolas opportunistically, but it should not be relied on as a primary tool.

{{:U-5TS (115 mm)/Ammunition|3BM4, 3BM3, 3BK4, 3OF11}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Object_435.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the Object 435]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
!Visual Discrepancy
|-
| '''37''' || 37 ''(+0)'' || 35 ''(+2)'' || 11 ''(+26)'' || 9 ''(+28)'' || 1 ''(+36)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Rack 5 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 8 shells and gets filled up first when loading up the tank.
** This rack is also emptied early: the depletion order at full capacity is: 5 - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-4 into rack 5. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|KPVT (14.5 mm)|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KPVT (14.5 mm)|14.5 mm KPVT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 250 (50) || 600 || -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 600 || - || -
|-
|}

The Object 435 has a pintle-mounted KPVT heavy machine gun on the loader's cupola and a coaxial SGMT general-purpose machine gun. The SGMT isn't worth writing home about but the high-calibre KPVT definitely is. With a mixed belt of API-T, cermet core, and IAI rounds, it can shred many light targets from at least the sides and is very good at setting helicopters and planes ablaze. The 50 round belt capacity is low, but it's enough to provide a good volume of fire while the tank's main cannon is reloading.

Keep in mind that since the KPVT is not a coaxial weapon, it is unavailable if the loader is knocked out. So the T-10M is still better as a KPVT carrier, having both coaxial and pintle mounts.

== Usage in battles ==


The Object 435 looks and acts like a cross between the T-62 and T-64. Most of its characteristics are similar to the T-62, so it is worth examining which aspects are different.

The Object's offensive power is generally superior. The improvements to mobility and turret traverse make it a more effective brawler in urban combat and the KPVT machine gun is a helpful supplemental weapon; while a T-62 would need to hide and retreat if a light target survived a hit from the main gun, the Object can spray them down with 14.5 mm rounds and finish the job. Armoured targets can still be stripped of their tracks and barrels. At long distances, the new optical rangefinder is helpful for landing precise hits, even if it is not as effective as a laser rangefinder.

The main weakness of the Object 435 is that it has no sources of smoke, with no grenades, ESS, or smoke shells. This makes it difficult to escape from a bad situation or cover a retreat, so careful positioning is very important. Another flaw is its fixed-zoom, narrow FOV optics with 8.0x zoom. While this is fine at long distances, the lack of a low-zoom, wide FOV option can be an issue in close combat for players used to the T-55/T-62 family.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Same powerful gun as T-62 with improved gun handling
* Well-protected against full-caliber AP shells
* Fairly low profile
* Powerful KPVT heavy machine gun
* Optical rangefinder for long-distance shots

'''Cons:'''

* No protection against HEAT or APFSDS rounds
* No sources of smoke
* Slow reload
* Loud and recognizable engine

== History ==

The prototype Object 435 medium tank was the most advanced in a series of experimental tanks being developed by Kharkov plant No. 75 under the "new medium tank" program at the very beginning of the 1960s. The Object 435 became a test vehicle for the newly developed 115mm U-5TS Molot unitary-loading smoothbore cannon that was later installed on tanks of the T-62 family. The tank had a short hull and an original hull armor layout at the front, which was supposed to provide the vehicle with a high level of protection against kinetic munitions. The Object 435 was canceled in 1961 in favor of another prototype, Object 432. A survivor Object 435 tank is on display at Patriot park near Moscow.

''- From [[wt:en/news/8247-development-object-435-armored-hammer-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_object_435 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|JLDLKmzIvPU|'''The Shooting Range #363''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:25 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8247-development-object-435-armored-hammer-en|[Devblog] Object 435: Armored hammer]]

{{USSR medium tanks}}

File:ArtImage Object 435.png

2024-09-23T02:01:09Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117078/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1117078/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Hampden TB Mk I

2024-09-20T20:13:48Z

U9202753: New Specs-Card Artimage. Old picture moved to Media: Images

{{About
|about= British bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= other versions
|link= Hampden (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=hp52_hampden_tbmk1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].

The Hampden is one of the first few bombers you get in the British tree, and without a doubt defines the style of flying you for the remainder of the tree. Its decent performance combined with all-powerful bomb load can quickly rack your score up into the thousands. On maps like Essen, use your superior speed to bomb the ground targets before any other bombers, then drop your altitude and rearm at the airfield. Then fly low with a bomb delay and hit the remaining targets or bases.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,962 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 405 || 388 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.1 || 28.0 || 5.3 || 5.3 || rowspan="2" | 366
|-
! Upgraded
| 459 || 428 || 24.9 || 26.0 || 10.8 || 7.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
[[File:Hampton TB MkI AN TRN 26 004.png|350px|thumb|right|Extremely low-level bombing in the {{PAGENAME}}.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 506  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 388 || 359 || 210 || ~5 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 315 || < 310 || < 300 || > 200
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 9.5 mm Steel plate in front of cockpit on fuselage top.
* 9.5 mm Steel plate behind the dorsal gunner.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}
[[File:Hampton TB MkI AN TRN 26 003.png|350px|thumb|right|Rear-facing ventral gunner, critical to protecting the lower rear portion of the bomber.]]

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Browning machine gun, nose-mounted (300 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|S.A.P. Mk.II (500 lb)|G.P. Mk.I (1,000 lb)|A.P. Mk.I (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 1 x 18 inch Mark XII torpedo
* 6 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 6 x 500 lb S.A.P. Mk.II bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs + 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (5,000 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb A.P. Mk.I bombs (4,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Vickers K (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun, nose turret (1,000 rpg)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine guns, dorsal turret (1,300 rpg = 2,600 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine guns, ventral turret (1,350 rpg = 2,700 total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Hampton TB MkI AN TRN 26 005.png|350px|thumb|right|Light armoured vehicles and anti-aircraft artillery evaporate under the {{PAGENAME}}'s 6 x 250 lb bombs.]]
This bomber is strictly that; a bomber. With a mediocre defensive armament and only a single offensive 7.7 mm machine gun, engaging enemy aircraft is an absolute last resort. The lack of defensive capabilities, combined with the thin tail and wings, make the Hampden TB a fragile aircraft. Upon spawning, climb at a very shallow angle to increase your speed and altitude at the same time. When the bomb points are in range, level off and drop your load. This will make you significantly lighter and allow you to return to base extremely quickly. During this time, one must take care to avoid aircraft that will now be at your altitude. A shallow dive will allow a boost in speed, and a corkscrew over the airfield will let you drop the remaining altitude without ripping due to speed.

Usually, you should avoid enemies, and attempt to stay as fast and as unnoticed as possible. Having an escort helps.

The below tactics can be used in all games modes:

'''How to offensively engage an enemy aircraft:'''

If you happen to see an enemy aircraft, you should not engage. Only in cases that he is the last enemy player should you dare to attack him. Try and climb above him then dive to get in front of him. Then use your four 7.7 mm defensive machine guns to tear into his cockpit and knock out his pilot, engines and forward gunners.

'''How to perform defensive fighting:'''

Should an enemy fighter move to engage you, do not try to outmanoeuvre him. Simply dive and go as low as you safely can while in gunner view and aim for his engine. Try and damage it or give him some nasty leaks to scare him off. If you're lucky he will burst into flames and fall to the ground.

The planes to be feared are usually those that carry cannons or 12.7 mm machine guns. Those planes will easily shred this plane with no problems as it does not react well to damage. Flak will normally result in a pilot snipe, and then a kill, and has a tendency to tear the engines to pieces.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:Hampton TB MkI AN TRN 26 001.png|350px|thumb|right|]]

'''Pros:'''

* Carries the largest payload of its contemporaries (the maximum payload knocks out two bases)
* Has a nose-mounted fixed machine gun for pilot usage
* Rear gunners make short work of chasing biplanes
* Decent manoeuvrability and speed for a bomber
* Fuselage is sleek, making it a smaller target
* Very thin rear section which is hard to hit, especially when under fire from its rear gunner
* Ability to carry torpedoes

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible roll rate
* Rear gunners' arc is very limited in side-to-side range and elevation
* Blind spot between turrets due to the tail - you'll only be able to get one on target at any given time
* No armour or bulletproof glass
* Decent dive performance, poor energy retention
* Very vulnerable in a head-on engagement
* Very hard to land due to the easily-broken tail and tail section
* Possibility to face planes with 12.7 mm heavy machine guns and 20 mm cannons
* Carrying the largest payload option will slow the plane to a crawl
* Has a tendency to 'buck' when using the heaviest payload after dropping all the 1,000 lbs bombs
* Hits to the wings can start fuel tank fires due to all the fuel tanks being internally mounted in the wings
* Does not like to take battle damage

== History ==

[[File:Hampton TB MkI AN TRN 26 002.png|350px|thumb|right|]]
The Handley Page Hampden was the last and fastest twin-engined bomber of the "trio" during the Phoney War. It was designed to meet Air Ministry Specification B.9/32 which called for a faster, heavier, and more powerful bomber that would replace the existing Bristol Blenheim and the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley. The designer, G.V Vokert, designed an interesting prototype, designated HP.52. This plane was originally powered by Napier Sabre Dagger engines, but switched to the more powerful Bristol Pegasus radial engines. Originally the Hampden had two Vickers K guns in ventral and dorsal positions, which proved to be inadequate for daylight defence. This was then switched to two Vickers K guns with modifications. The Hampden had many nicknames, because of the slim, compact and cramped fuselage. It was nicknamed the "Flying Suitcase". It was oddly similar in role and appearance to the German fast day-bomber Do 17, nicknamed the "Flying Pencil".

RAF Squadron No.49 was the first to receive their new Hampdens. Bearing the brunt of early bombing raids on Europe. The Hampden proved no match for Luftwaffe fighters. It was subsequently switched to various night time operations, such as mine-laying, bombing raids on German soil, propaganda and torpedo bombing. Despite having great speed and manoeuvrability, the Hampden was declared obsolete and retired from service in 1942.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:ArtImage Hampden TB Mk I.png
</gallery>

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=hp52_hampden_tbmk1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Lec0mwCN81I|'''The Shooting Range #84''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 10:41 discusses the Hampden TB Mk I.}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Hampden (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
* Dornier [[Do 17 E-1|Do 17]]
* Junkers [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88]]
* Lioré et Olivier [[LeO 451 early|LeO 45]]
* Martin [[B-10B|B-10]]
* Yokosuka [[P1Y1 mod. 11|P1Y]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/342039-handley-page-hampden-mk-1-tb-1-tb-1-utk/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Handley}}
{{Britain bombers}}

File:ArtImage2 Hampden TB Mk I.png

2024-09-20T20:06:27Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1116854/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1116854/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

V-156-B1

2024-09-20T01:47:02Z

U9202753: New Specs-Card Artimage. Old picture moved to Media: Images. Screenshot moved from Flight performance to Media: Images. Low quality screenshot removed from Armaments

{{About
|about = British dive bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = the French version
|link = V-156-F
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=v_156_b1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''Chesapeake Mk.I''', known under its company export designation of '''{{PAGENAME}}''' was an export version of the American [[SB2U (Family)|SB2U ''Vindicator'']] bomber, of which various modifications were released from 1936-1941. Initially ordered in March 1940 as 50 [[V-156-F]] for the French Army with delivery date of 1941, the order was taken over by the British government for the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm following the defeat of France. The order did however see changes, with the British requesting several modifications such as including the additional fuel tank fitted to the [[SB2U-3]], additional armour and heavier forward firing armament, with four Browning 7.7 mm machine guns replacing the single forward-firing Darne 7.5 mm machine gun of the French aircraft. Initially planned to serve on the light escort carrier HMS Archer with the 811 Naval Air Squadron in an anti-submarine patrol role, the under-powered engine and limited payload relegated the aircraft to training duty, with the combat unit being equipped with biplane [[Swordfish Mk I|Swordfishes]] instead.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]]. The {{PAGENAME}} is a slow but well-armed bomber. Due to the weak engine, which is not enough for such large two-seater bomber, its speed qualities are quite low. The aircraft has good armament that allows it to perform its tasks. Four offensive-mounted Brownings and one more as a defensive weapon that allows the {{PAGENAME}} to attack most opponents on this BR. The {{PAGENAME}} has good bomb armament, which allows it to attack ground targets. Dive bombers are hard to use against ground vehicles in realistic battles, but with practice it gets easier.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,084 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 343 || 328 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.2 || 24.5 || 4.5 || 4.5 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 380 || 360 || 20.9 || 22.0 || 8.2 || 6.2
|-
|}
==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || - || 700 || ~15 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 350 || < 320 || > 299
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 9.5 mm Steel plate between cockpit and turret
* 3 mm Steel boxes behind the gunner
* Self-sealing fuel tank located behind pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Weaponry upgrades and engine should be prioritized with this aircraft, due to its role as an attacker. Its two primary roles are lugging bombs where they need to be in the minimal amount of time possible and then using them to inflict maximum damage. The FSBC mk.5 gives quite an upgrade to the aircraft, replacing the 100 lb bombs (mediocre at best) with the more powerful 250 lb bombs. However, the FLBC mk 1 is a novelty, at best, and only really useful when lugging bombs onto bases in Operation mode in RB. However, the V-156-B1 is a ''very'' bad choice for such a role, and thus, it should be disregarded.

A good research pathway is FSBC mk.5 --> Offensive 7 mm Belts --> New 7 mm MGs --> Defensive 7 mm Belts --> Engine --> New 7 mm MGs (Turret) --> Engine Injection. Anything after that is fair game. However, the FLBC mk.1 should be left until last, due to its uselessness in battles.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (1,000 rpg = 4,000 total).

Really good armament for a bomber. This weapon is enough to successfully destroy enemy aircraft in frontal attacks. The most effective belts are ''Universal'' and ''Stealth''.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb + 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (700 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb + 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb (1,000 lb total)

For base-bombing, the 1 x 500 lb + 2 x 100 lb set-up is capable of destroying 70% of a base, while the 1 x 500 lb + 2 x 250 lb and 1 x 1,000 lb set-ups are capable of destroying one base.

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Browning machine gun, dorsal turret (600 rpg).

A standard defensive armament normally seen at the battle-rating, the one machine gun allows pilot some self-defense opportunities to destroy pursuing aircraft. The most effective belt is ''Universal''.

== Usage in battles ==


The V-156-B1 is easily one of the more powerful aircraft in the lower battle ratings and can be an absolute monster at low battle rated arcade matches due to its monoplane design, payload, and a large number of offensive machine guns. It is adequate for grinding at low ranks due to its low repair cost and versatility. It can gladly function as both a fighter and an attacker, and once dumping bombs, is capable of Boom & Zooming enemies in the vicinity. In addition, it has airbrakes in the form of dive brakes, which come in useful when landing, attacking ground targets or attempting to shake off an enemy. Although you have a turret, you should not rely on it to be able to destroy fighters on its own - it is good at fending off fighters and keeping newer and/or more cautious players at bay, but it will only be able to shoot down fighters on its own by sheer luck. Your frontal armament, however, is more powerful - and with the usage of airbrakes at critical moments in the fight, such as when the enemy is close to you and approaching from the rear, you can use your airbrakes while reducing your throttle to zero to induce what is known as an 'overshoot'- forcing the enemy behind you to zoom over you instead of staying on your tail by means of a sudden speed decrease. This puts the enemy in front of you and allows you to use your four frontal machine guns to shoot down the lightly-armoured enemies you face at this battle rating.

Arcade Ground Strike maps - where the aim is to destroy the enemy's ground troops, and often, dogfights happen over ground targets at low altitudes - are where this aircraft will excel most. A suggested strategy is to use the aircraft as a dive-bomber in arcade battles, using your superior altitude and therefore speed advantages (you start in the bomber spawn) to hit ground targets before zooming back towards friendlies, or waiting until the fighters have started engaging, and then attack ground targets. The aircraft (at stock payload) has two 100 lb bombs and one 500 lb bomb. At these low BRs, your bombs will annihilate enemy armoured car and AAA formations, and your guns are nigh-upon-unstoppable at this BR. Use "Universal" or "Tracer" belts for best effect.

While waiting for payload reload, go for enemy planes. British, German and Japanese aircraft are particularly vulnerable to your attacks due to their relatively low armament in a head-on engagement and lack of any and all armour protection. Soviet biplanes (the I-15s) will have heavier or equal armament, and American monoplanes will be harder to kill than biplanes due to robust construction and having similar speeds. At a BR of 1.3, the best opposition you will face are P-40s, Bf-109E-1s, Ki-43s and H-75s. All of these aircraft have large amounts of machine guns with exhaustive ammo pools, and if they can catch up to you, you're likely going to be shot down by the opposition, since you don't have the performance to fight them without assistance. If you feel lucky, you can duke it out by baiting them into a turn fight, where your good turn radius with landing flaps active can make you the victor in the situation. Never rely upon your single rear gun to keep you safe- at best it can only really function as a deterrent to keep fighters at bay. Always keep an eye on your six, and when you finish a ground attack run, look around and see if anything's coming before you go in again. If you see a fighter coming for you and can manage to turn towards them enough that you can get a firing solution on them, you can probably win. British 7.7 mm guns are among the best in the game in terms of raw fire chance values and penetration, and if loaded with the "Tracer" belt- a full mix of Incendiary Tracer (essentially a standard incendiary bullet with a tracer element) and Armour-Piercing Incendiary (Usually the most damaging type of bullet in any given gun) in 50% proportion to each other- they can shred through any air target at a battle rating of 1.3.

A suggested loadout is a minimum load of fuel (33 minutes, more than enough for arcade battles or realistic battles), Universal or Tracer  7 mm belts on both defensive and offensive 7 mm guns (maximal AP-I ammunition) and the payload of 2 x 250 lb bombs and 1 x 500 lb bomb.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Manoeuvrable
* Dual role dive bomber/attacker
* Good diver
* Decent bomb load options
* Four offensive machine guns can destroy unarmoured ground targets and other aircraft
* Good payload- The 500 lbs and 250 lbs bombs are more than enough to penetrate and destroy enemy tanks
* Defensive machine gun keeps enemy fighters at bay and has a lot of ammunition

'''Cons:'''

* Large target
* Slow speed
* Weak defensive armament
* Difficult to dogfight with
* Rather long take off run
* Not particularly fast, easy prey for low-rank monoplanes and even some biplanes
* Not very manoeuvrable, especially with payloads equipped
* Poor elevator response, especially at high speeds; this means diving attacks from a high altitude (e.g. in RB) are hard to pull off and will require some planning in order to avoid ripping your wings off and/or compressing
* The bomber only has landing flaps, that cannot be activated when airbrakes are on, and vice-versa
* Low cockpit visibility due to the "birdcage" construction and the fact that the rear cockpit view is quite limited due to the limited traverse of the rear gun
* Stock payload has the weak 100 lbs bombs which have a low armour destruction radius (2 m) and require some skill to get on target without missing or not penetrating
* Single .303 inch defensive machine gun is better than nothing, but only really serves as a deterrent as the plane will probably be dead by the time the gunner has the chance to knock out the enemy hostile since you only have the one gun

== History ==

The V-156-B1 was an export variant of the American SBU Vindicator dive bomber that saw service with the Royal Navy.

The V-156F-3 was a variant in service with the French Navy, and 50 more were ordered in March 1940. Initial delivery was delayed as the SBU was in production for the US Marine Corps. Delivery was planned for March 1941, the delay due to ongoing production orders for the United States Marine Corps, but the fall of France in June 1940 caused the order to be shifted to the UK. In the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm (FAA), the V-156-B1 was known as the Chesapeake Mk.I. The first Chesapeake flew on February 26, 1941, and by the end of March, the British had accepted the V-156-B1.

In British service, the V-156-B1 was intended for anti-submarine patrols, but it became apparent that the aircraft lacked the performance to carry the ordnance necessary for that role, causing the British officials relegating to defensive roles such as carrier escort tasks. Eventually, they were removed from frontline service and used as a training aircraft until the Fairey Swordfish replaced it in that role.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:ArtImage V-156-B1.png
File:V-156 BACKGROUND.png
</gallery>

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=v_156_b1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


'''Other planes in the V-156 Family:'''

* [[V-156-F]]
* [[SB2U-2]]
* [[SB2U-3]]

'''Equivalents in other nations' trees:'''

* [[Ju 87 B-2]]
* [[Ju 87 R-2 (Italy)]]
* [[Hs 123 A-1]]
* [[Hs 123 A-1 (China)]]
* [[D3A1]]
* [[B5N2]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/392578-sb2u-v-156/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Vought}}
{{Britain bombers}}

File:ArtImage2 V-156-B1.png

2024-09-20T01:30:16Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1116721/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1116721/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Wellington Mk III

2024-09-18T00:42:16Z

U9202753: Specs-Card ArtImage added.

{{About
| about = British bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Wellington (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=wellington_mk3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,572 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 398 || 384 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.3 || 32.5 || 3.1 || 3.1 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
! Upgraded
| 441 || 418 || 28.4 || 30.0 || 10.2 || 5.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 315 || 264 || 223 || ~5 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 275 || < 275 || < 310 || > 320
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 9 mm Steel plate in the pilot's seat.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|G.P. Mk.I (1,000 lb)|H.C. Mk.II (4,000 lb)}}
{{main|S.A.P. Mk.II (500 lb)|A.P. Mk.I (2,000 lb)|18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 10 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 18 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 9 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs + 6 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 2 x 18 inch Mark XII torpedoes
* 1 x 4,000 lb H.C. Mk.II bomb (4,000 lb total)
* 9 x 500 lb S.A.P. Mk.II bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb A.P. Mk.I bombs (4,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, nose turret (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, tail turret (2,500 rpg = 10,000 total)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Browning machine gun, 2 x side turrets (600 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

====Air battles====
In Air Battles, the winning tactic is to climb high and bomb your targets. If you don't want to climb the {{PAGENAME}}, is a great low flying bomber, offering great speed and manoeuvrability. However, it lacks any armour and only offers limited protection with turrets in the front, side and rear. It lacks armour plates, unlike other bombers of the other nations. A few well placed shots will see {{PAGENAME}}, getting torn apart to any aircraft which drop down to engage it from the top or belly. However, its rear gun turret offers four 7.7 mm machine guns which are able to shoot down the enemy aircraft with a few well placed shots.

====Ground battles====
[[File:Wellington Torp Launching technic.jpg|thumb|right|364x364px|"Torpedo attack!" The best way to launch a torpedo at close range without sacrificing the aircraft, is to find the middle ground between the suggested drop direction and the target. That way making the evasive action of the torpedoes, harder. Whether the target slows down or turns, The torpedoes will be on collision course]]
Using the {{PAGENAME}} should be used as a strategic bomber, that is what it excels at in this game mode. It is too big to be used in the ground attack role, making it an easy target for enemy tankers. To use the {{PAGENAME}}, load up on 500 lbs or the single 4,000 lb cookie bomb. The 500 lbs, offer 65.5 Kg of HE filler and the cookie offers 1,339 kg of explosive filler.

Fly around the map, waiting for the enemy to cap the cap zones, when they start capping the zone - head towards it while gaining altitude. Do not come in low as a single shot fired from a tank can knock you out of the game. Once at a good height, line up on the cap zone and drop the bombs. Any tank in the zone will be destroyed.

==== Naval battles ====
All of the Wellington bombers are well suited for the naval warfare, The {{PAGENAME}} being one of the best of them provides improved Browning turrets, highest top speed of them all and two supreme payloads that will allow you to change the tides of a naval war in both Arcade and Realistic battles.

Those are:

* 2 х 18 inch Mark XII torpedoes
* 1 x 4,000 lb H.C. Mk.II bomb

With the torpedoes, the strategy goes in finding a good approach angle to successfully deliver both torpedoes to preferably gunboats and destroyers as they will have a tougher time evading them. Beware of anti-aircraft fire and swiftly turn back to safety while preparing the next drop.

The technique at the moment of launching the torpedoes is shown in the image: "Torpedo attack!"

Using the 4,000 lb bomb, the scenario takes place a bit higher. Way above the enemies' short and medium anti-aircraft guns that reach around 3,000 - 4,500 m altitude. Here you will be able to spot the biggest of the fishes. Those will be your targets and with some developed practice in predicting the drops you will decimate the entire enemy destroyers population in a short time, tanks to this extremely lethal bomb.

Just be alert of enemy planes that will be eager to take you down, using the Armoured targets belt provides some of the boost in defence you need as it cripples engines and pierces through metal.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has twice as many tail guns as its predecessor
* Can carry a reasonable maximum payload for a medium bomber
* Engines seem to be indestructible and will remain operational even under heavy fire
* Can survive belly landings if need be
* Half-decent at operating in the gunship role
* Engines are capable of using WEP

'''Cons:'''

* Weaponry consists purely of 7.7 mm machine guns, making fighting against fighters a serious challenge at best
* Low speed makes the lack of defensive guns painfully obvious
* Anything with a cannon will be able to destroy the bomber without much effort
* Gun turrets have no protective armour, leaving turret gunners vulnerable
* Although you can carry torpedoes, they are some of the worst ones in the game due to the terrible drop requirements
* Tail controls are easily knocked out from fighters or flak

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Vickers Wellington was a twin-engine medium bomber used by RAF Bomber Command and Coastal Command. In May 1939, a prototype Wellington was fitted with Bristol Hercules engines; after successful trials with a converted Mk.IC, this model was launched for full-scale production at the beginning of 1941 under the designation of Wellington Mk.III (Type 417).

Production Mk.III aircraft were equipped with two 1,590 hp Bristol Hercules Mk.XI radial, air-cooled engines.

Building on the experience amassed by Wellington crews, the defensive armament was upgraded on later models; the Frazer-Nash FN-5A rear turret with two 0.303 inch machine guns was replaced with a Frazer-Nash FN-20 turret holding four 0.303 inch machine guns with 2,000 rounds each. The take-off weight of the Mk.III was increased to 15,650 kg while bomb capacity was reduced to 4,000 lbs (1,814 kg). Originally, the bomber was to be equipped with a ventral turret, the low-drag Frazer-Nash FN-21A, but the further decrease in bomb capacity was deemed to be unacceptable.

The Mk.III had its armour reinforced, all fuel tanks were self-sealing and barrage balloon cable cutters were positioned in the leading edge of the wings.

By 1941 the Wellington was used almost exclusively at night and therefore, attention was given to decreasing the area of the glazing that visibly reflected moonlight or searchlight beams during night flights. To that end, the Mk.III differed from the late Mk.IC aircraft by removing side glazing and the side blisters of the bombardier/navigator's cockpit. The only side glazing that remained was from the trapezoidal gun blisters.

The Wellington Mk.III was manufactured until the end of 1943, and a combined total of 1,519 bombers were produced.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=wellington_mk3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|RuBjkyZT6Yw|'''The Shooting Range #6''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 00:40 discusses the Vickers Wellington.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Vickers}}
{{Britain bombers}}

File:ArtImage Wellington Mk III.png

2024-09-18T00:41:38Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1116620/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1116620/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Meteor F Mk.8 Reaper

2024-09-15T20:03:02Z

U9202753: Specs-Card ArtImage added.

{{About
| about = premium British jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the regular version
| link-1 = Meteor F Mk 8 G.41K
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Meteor (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=meteor_fmk8_reaper
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} British jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]] as a [[wt:en/news/5924-development-shop-jet-packs-en|premium pack]] in the Gaijin store, but was discontinued after [[wt:en/news/6464-shop-war-thunder-birthday-sale-en|War Thunder's 7th Anniversary]]. It was later reintroduced as a premium purchasable for Golden Eagles {{ge}} after [[wt:en/news/6907-special-8th-anniversary-of-war-thunder-en|War Thunder's 8th Anniversary]].

The ''Reaper'' is a dedicated ground-attack variant based on the 'standard' Meteor F Mk.8 (G.41K) fighter-bomber which did not progress beyond its prototype stage. Thanks to a number of modifications, it would have been capable of carrying twice the payload of the standard Meteor F.8. However, combat experience of the Meteor F.8 in Korea showed that the base type had reached its technical limitations and would have been outclassed in any future conflict; the appearance of more modern types such as the Hawker Hunter and Supermarine Swift - and equivalent foreign designs - led to a loss of interest in the type.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 920 || 897 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.1 || 24.7 || 33.6 || 31.7 || rowspan="2" | 325
|-
! Upgraded
| 976 || 962 || 22.2 || 23.0 || 47.4 || 40.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 999  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 495 || 462 || 290 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 560 || < 600 || < 620 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Derwent 8 || 2
| colspan="2" | 5,496 kg || colspan="2" | 216 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 23m fuel
|-
| 443 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 5,953 kg || 6,796 kg || 7,020 kg || 8,061 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 23m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,633 kgf || N/A
| 0.55 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.41
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,633 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.55 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.41
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


;Armour plates

* 38 mm (60°) Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate in the nose.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.

;Critical components

* Self-sealing fuel tanks are located behind the pilot on the central airframe.
* Engines and cooling systems are in the wings.
* Traction cables of control surfaces run in the tail section and in the wings.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.V cannons, nose-mounted (200 rpg upper + 180 rpg lower = 780 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|M.C. Mk.I (1,000 lb)|H.E. M.C. Mk.13 (1,000 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb M.C. Mk.I bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 24 x RP-3 rockets
* 16 x RP-3 rockets + 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 16 x RP-3 rockets + 2 x 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 16 x RP-3 rockets + 2 x 1,000 lb M.C. Mk.I bombs (2,000 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

'''As a fighter:'''

The Meteor Mk. 8 can play both as an energy fighter and a turn fighter. While not as manoeuvrable as a Vampire or a Venom, it can still outturn most of its opposition, but will bleed a lot of precious speed doing so. It's often better to energy trap your target, and save turnfights for emergencies or for times you're sure no third party would interfere.

The Meteor's control surfaces work best in the 400-700 km/h range, but they don't lock up too badly even at the red line. Below 300 km/h, it begins to really struggle, even with flaps out. The rudder is pretty weak, so you will often find yourself slipping to the side for a while after exiting a hard turn.

As any jet, Meteor does not take damage well. Any black wing segment or engine cowling will cut your level max speed to about 550 km/h - way too slow to continue fighting. It also can't return to base on one engine, unless you're already close, as there just isn't enough power to keep you flying level.

Finally, there is no optimal option for fuel load. 6 minutes of fuel is just about enough to take off, fight in a couple of engagements and return, which makes flying from and to the airfield a larger proportion of your game time. 20 minutes load, while more than enough to last you through the entire battle, is considerably heavier, making speed losses that much painful, and therefore it requires more conservative fighting style.

Notable enemies:

* [[La-200]] will outrun you in most circumstances. It has relatively small ammo pool and bad at turning, so practice defensive flying.
* [[A28B]], Italian [[Vampire FB 52A]], and [[Ho 229 V3]]: These can and will outturn you if given the opportunity, but are generally slower than Meteor in a straight line.
* [[Ki-200]] and [[Me 163 B]] will both outrun and outturn you. Getting a numerical advantage is your best bet.
* [[G.91 (Family)|G.91 series]] have higher max speed than you and can keep up in turns. R/4 variant also has air to air missiles that you will need to be careful around. It doesn't have the best energy retention, so depending on the situation, you may turnfight them into a stall, or at least force it to do 180 and run away for a while.

'''As a ground attacker:'''

Bombs: Reaper can carry 4 x 1,000 lb bombs, which is just one shy destroying an entire base on most maps. Since it has no air spawn, the best strategy for base bombing is flying close to the ground as fast as possible, sometimes even circling around the map to avoid interceptors. You will often still arrive after your team's attackers and bombers have had their run, at which point it's better to last hit whatever they left. If instead of bases you want to hit ground units, you can also take 500 lb bombs instead for better flight characteristics in exchange for more precision requirement.

Rockets: 24 RP-3 rockets can decimate ground units. However, 2/3 of them are wing-mounted, making them much harder to aim. This loadout adds a lot of drag too, so it's better to go for rockets once the sky is relatively clear.

The Hispano Mk.V's AP rounds can damage light pillboxes, so if you find no enemies to use your ammo on, you can always take out 5-6 pillboxes on your way back for a neat profit.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Effective in turnfights
* High ammo capacity
* Strong ground attack loadouts

'''Cons:'''

* Mediocre top speed
* Slow acceleration
* Red livery results into it being quite easy to spot in RB and SB

== History ==

With the appearance of the Meteor F.8 (Type G.41K) in 1949, which offered an overall improved performance over the earlier F.4 variant, a number of studies were launched aimed at increasing the versatility of the Meteor. One obvious path given the type's improved performance and stability as a gun platform was that of a dedicated ground attack platform, the so-called ''Ground Attack Fighter'' (GAF, or G.44), which was started as a private venture by Gloster.

Initial studies of the GAF foresaw the modification of a standard F.8 airframe with new outer wing panels, fitted with 4 additional 20 mm Hispano cannons similar to the armament lay-out on the Meteor NF.11 night fighter variant, albeit with cropped wing tips similar to those on the standard F.8. This early design initially presented some problematic flight characteristics, mostly linked to the wing's reduced torsional stiffness caused by the wing gun bays: aileron reversal set in at speeds above 885 km/h (550 mph), which was considered unacceptable for a single-seater fighter-bomber. Work was done to rectify this, and eventually the reinforced wings allowed a maximum speed of 965 km/h (600 mph) while retaining the wing-mounted armament of four Hispano cannons with 160 rounds each.

By the time this issue had been rectified, priorities for the design had changed. Rather than focussing on an eight-gun fixed armament, priority was given to the ability to carry an increased payload; as a result, the wing-mounted fixed armament was suppressed, and instead the wing panels were redesigned and restressed to allow the carriage of an increased underwing armament. The stiffened wings and addition of spring tab ailerons increased the type's high-speed handling. Armament options for the redesigned GAF included either a single 1,000 lb GP bomb, or up to 8 unguided 60 lb RP-3 rocket projectiles on each side. So as not to affect the range of the GAF when she was carrying her underwing armament, provisions were made for 100 gal (imp) (454 litre) jettisonable tip-mounted fuel tanks. Additionally, hardpoint mountings were added to the fuselage where the belly-mounted fuel tank was usually fitted, which further increased the Reaper's carrying capacity. These could be used for either additional RP-3 rockets or up to two 1,000 lb bombs. Gloster also designed a belly-mounted pod was designed which could be carried in lieu of the usually-mounted belly tank, and which could carry an additional armament of either 2 x 20 mm Hispano or 2 x 30 mm ADEN cannons, each armed with 100 rounds per gun.

With the design finalised, Gloster financed the construction of a single prototype of the GAF/G.44, which by now had gained the nick-name of "Reaper". The prototype, construction number G5/1210, was registered with the civilian registration G-AMCJ on June 19th 1950, initially receiving Gloster's carmine red house colours, and was demonstrated as such at the 1950 Farnborough air show. As a prototype for the Reaper, she only lacked the airfield arrestor hook and rocket-assisted take-off gear (RATOG) planned for the serial production model.

The carmine red livery and civilian registration were relatively short-lived; on February 1st 1951 G-AMCJ was de-registered and reverted to a B-type military test serial, becoming G-7-1, an all-silver aircraft. For the next three years, she was used as a test aircraft, however interest in the Ground Attack Fighter waned as new types such as the Hawker Hunter and Supermarine Swift arrived. For a brief moment in 1953, the Indian Air Force expressed interest in the type, but due to poor experiences with the service provided by another British aircraft manufacturer in mind, they ended up selecting the French Dassault Ouragan instead.

As interest in the Reaper waned, Gloster began studies for the ''Meteor Armed Trainer'' (Project code P.307), which reverted to some of the earlier Reaper design, combining a standard T.7 trainer fuselage with cannon-armed short-span wings. While the P.307 remained unbuilt, the Reaper prototype was rebuilt with a T.7 front fuselage while retaining its F.8 tail and tip-mounted fuel tanks: the 'new' aircraft, construction number G5/1525, was registered as G-ANSO on June 12th 1954. As such, she was used by Gloster as both a company demonstrator and test bed for the next four years.

Eventually, with the appearance of more capable designs, interest in any Gloster Meteor-based designs disappeared, and in November of 1958 Gloster agreed to sell G-ANSO to the Swedish target towing company ''Svensk Flygtjänsk AB'', on the condition that she was refurbished and fitted with standard T.7 outer wing panels and tail surfaces. Following this refurbishment by Flight Refuelling Ltd, she was sold and struck from the British register on August 11th 1959.

Following local conversion to a target tug, the former Reaper prototype, now Meteor T.7 SE-DCC, entered service with ''Svensk Flygtjänsk AB'' in February of 1960, remaining in service until July 27th 1974. Following a short stay at the Flygvapenmuseum or Swedish Air Museum at Linköping from September 1974 until September 1976, she ended up in 1977 at the ''Svedinos Bil- och Flygmuséum'' (Svedinos car and aircraft museum) in Ugglarp, where restoration was started in 2012 with the intention of cosmetically restoring her to her appearance as the Gloster company demonstrator G-ANSO (albeit retaining her appearance as a 'standard' T.7).

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=meteor_fmk8_reaper Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|CtFA7r6OTiw|'''The Shooting Range #144''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|VHJN6ZWOmnY|'''The bane of tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:45 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5924-development-shop-jet-packs-en|[Shop] Jet Packs!]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/264949-gloster-meteor-f-mk8-g41k/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Gloster}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}
{{Britain premium aircraft}}

File:ArtImage Meteor F Mk.8 Reaper.png

2024-09-15T20:01:18Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1116422/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1116422/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

A-19 (122 mm)

2024-09-10T01:31:24Z

U9202753: Thumbnail added

[[File:Weapon A-19 (122 mm).png|550px|thumb|right|The A-19 (122 mm) on the [[ISU-122]]]]

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

* {{Specs-Link|ussr_isu_122|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_isu_122|short}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Variants of the Soviet gun M1931/37
* [[D-25T (122 mm)]]
* [[D-25S (122 mm)]]
* [[D-25-44T (122 mm)]]

;Similar Soviet 122 mm guns
* [[D-30T (122 mm)]]
* [[D-49 (122 mm)]]

;Other guns with a similar configuration
* [[K.40 (128 mm)]]
* [[KwK44 (128 mm)]]
* [[PaK44 (128 mm)]]
* [[Ordnance QF Tk. L1A2 (120 mm)]]
* [[SA46 (120 mm)]]

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)|[Wikipedia] 122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)]]

{{USSR tank cannons}}
{{China tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

ISU-122

2024-09-10T01:27:18Z

U9202753: Specs-Card ArtImage added. Screenshots added in: Armaments and Usage in Battles

{{About
|about= Soviet tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|and
|usage= other versions
|link-1= ISU-122 (China)
|link-2= ISU-122S
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_isu_122
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''ISU-122''' was a Soviet assault gun used during World War II, mostly in the anti-tank role. The 122 mm A-19S tank gun was installed on the IS heavy tank chassis by engineers after the ISU-152 was developed, resulting in the creation of Object 242, the first ISU-122 prototype. Although testing went well, it was not put into mass production right away. Early in 1944, authorities from the state instructed unused IS heavy tank chassis to be equipped with a 122 mm A-19S tank gun, which resulted in mass production of the ISU-122.

Introduced in the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41, the ISU-122 should be used as a long-range sniper, making use of its high penetration shells, good accuracy, and good reverse speed. Choose a concealed place for sniping and engage targets at a distance to prevent the enemy from getting closer to the objectives. Always avoid the frontline to prevent being flanked or swarmed due to the tall profile and weak frontal armour.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, superstructure/casemate, roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (75°) ''Front glacis'' 90 mm (31°) ''Lower glacis'' || 90 mm || 60 mm (50°) ''Top'' 60 mm (39°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm
|-
| Superstructure || 90 mm (30°) ''Front glacis'' 65 mm (7-69°) ''Gun mantlet case'' 100 mm ''Gun mantlet'' (0-45°) || 75 mm (14-15°) || 60 mm || 30 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Being rather vertical, the casemate walls provide little chance for ricochet in a close range engagement.
* The gun is installed at mid-height in the casemate, meaning you will have to expose 2/3 of your superstructure to get your gun on a target.
* Maximize the distance between you and your opponents by profiting of the good performance of the gun to increase your survivability.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=739|rbMinHp=460}}
Based off the IS-2, the {{PAGENAME}} has its robust chassis, wide tracks and powerful engine. It benefits thus from the same good mobility all while being a heavy vehicle. The acceleration is good and reaching the maximum speed takes only a dozen seconds.

The very high reverse speed is a positive aspect, that will help you get out of enemy sight quickly once you've fired or once spotted. The wide tracks give it a good handling and performance on soft terrain.

A negative aspect of the {{PAGENAME}} is that it is sluggish in stock condition, especially when turning on the spot. And because of its weight, it is slow when going uphill.

If you have to turn quickly on the spot, privilege using your reverse gear because it has more torque.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
[[File:Weapon A-19 (122 mm).png|thumb|right|350px|The A-19 (122 mm) gun]]
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|A-19 (122 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[A-19 (122 mm)|122 mm A-19]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+22° || rowspan="2" | -3°/+7° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 6.16 || 8.53 ||10.40||11.50|| 12.19 || rowspan="2" | 26.00 || rowspan="2" |23.00|| rowspan="2" |21.20|| rowspan="2" | 20.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.17 || 4.90 ||6.00||6.60|| 7.00
|-
|}
The ISU-122, like the ISU-152, is a vehicle created by adapting an artillery field gun design on an armoured vehicle. The A-19 gun has the same good ballistic characteristics as the 122 mm on the IS-2 (flat trajectory, high muzzle velocity, accuracy at long range) and the same available ammunition choice.

The gun stays reliably accurate until 1,300 m distance. Beyond 1,000 m your optics will limit your accuracy as your magnification is poor (unless you fire at huge targets like Ferdinand, Jadgtiger, Tiger II, etc.). The high muzzle velocity of your shells grants you pretty flat firing trajectories and thus helps fire at moving targets from a distance. In that regard, using the "sight distance control" feature can increase your chances of successfully hitting enemy tanks.

The gun has a limited traverse on the horizontal axis. That displacement is asymmetrical due to the commander's position limiting rotation towards the left side. This can make the tracking of a target difficult as the gun quickly reaches a stop. You should take that constraint into account when positioning your hull at a firing spot.

Additionally, the rotation speed is very slow compared to other tanks at the same rank or battle rating who can aim their gun in average 2 to 3 times faster than you do. Which means your targeting process will be longer than for other tanks if you aim to be accurate. Any enemy appearing outside of the area your gun covers will require hull movement and will make you restart your targeting process from 0.

Being originally an artillery field gun, the gun uses two-piece ammunition with projectiles and propellant bags. The breech mechanism was not designed to be operated by a limited crew inside a casemate, which explains the very long reload time (between 19 and 26 seconds, which is on average 3 times longer than other vehicles' at the same BR).

Your recoil is important but not powerful enough to throw your gun off target after firing: the damping cylinders on the gun are too weak to absorb most of the recoil power and the suspension will absorb much of it. Your reload time being very long, the recoil is not as much of a handicap as it could be.

Targeting weak spots on heavily armoured tanks with the large 122 mm volumetric shell can be difficult as these are often small areas and if the shell does not precisely hit the spot, it can ricochet or fail to penetrate. The same can happen when engaging targets at long range too but you have the advantage of being at a distance, giving you time to get out of sight before they can retaliate.

==== Ammunition ====
The available choice of ammunition focuses on heavily armoured targets:

* '''BR-471''': APHE; an armour-piercing shell with high explosive mass and high muzzle velocity that will one-shot any tank that it penetrates.
* '''BR-471B''': APHEBC; the same as the BR-471 but with increased penetration thanks to the ballistic cap. This shell can reliably penetrate the frontal glacis of a Panther from over 700m.
* '''OF-471''': HE; for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles. While it is a standard shell for a Soviet vehicle, prioritize using your heavy machine gun to deal with lightly armoured targets because of the long reload time of the {{PAGENAME}}.

{{:A-19 (122 mm)/Ammunition|BR-471, BR-471B, OF-471}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo type
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''30''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 25 ''(+5)'' 25 ''(+5)'' || 19 ''(+11)'' 19 ''(+11)'' || 13 ''(+17)'' 17 ''(+13)'' || 7 ''(+23)'' 9 ''(+21)'' || 1 ''(+29)'' 1 ''(+29)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of propellant bags (orange) and projectiles (yellow). Both have separate racks.
* To go into battle with the right flank depleted of propellant bags (racks 1 to 3), pack 17 ''(+13)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
[[File:Weapon DShK (12.7 mm) ISU-122.png|thumb|right|350px|The DShK (12.7 mm) on top of the ISU-122]]

{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)}}

The 12.7 mm DShK heavy machine gun is located on a pintle mount and can act as both an offensive and anti-aircraft machine gun on the {{PAGENAME}}, giving it protection against aircraft and lightly armoured vehicles. Best use is within 500 m against lightly armoured vehicles. The 360° movement allows you to point quickly your MG in any given direction. However, the position of the MG high on the casemate and the poor depression angle make it difficult to shoot a low-profile tank when it is close.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 250 (50) || 600 || -5°/+85° || ±180°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


;Offensive role

The {{PAGENAME}} should be played as a long range sniper, taking advantage of the APHEBC shell's high penetration values, high gun accuracy and good reverse speed. Find a shooting spot and engage targets from at least 1,000 m away to prevent enemy progress towards the objectives. You will also suppress enemy fire to prevent your team from being pinned down by enemy snipers attempting the same in return. Because of your high profile (casemate) and weak frontal armour, always stay away from the frontline to avoid being flanked or swarmed. While your gun is very powerful, your in-game performance will highly be dependent on the map you're playing. Open maps like Fire Arc, Kursk or Maginot Line will allow to play at the full extent or your capability whereas urban environments like Advance to the Rhine will be detrimental to your playstle. In case you are playing a mixed map, privilege open spaces.

;Defensive role

In case of an enemy breakthrough, your role is to contain the enemy advance by pinning them down. The enemy will be moving the front line, so engagements will take place at a closer range than you're comfortable with. You should identify and target in priority choke points, narrow passages and corridors of the map that the enemy will be forced to take. Your limited gun traverse only allows you to monitor an area spanning 175 m at 1,000 m distance without having to reposition your hull. Position the left side of your casemate behind an obstacle to let only your gun exposed.

;Other roles

If you try to use the {{PAGENAME}} in a different role on the battlefield, you will be confronted with the following:

* If you try to play as a front-line tank, you will be quickly disabled by any type of fire coming from enemy tanks. Your frontal armour is pretty thin for a tank at close range and a successful penetrating shot from the front will greatly handicap your crew sitting in line. Your gun traverse is very limited and your turning speed is also too poor to manoeuvre quickly enough in close combat.

* If you attempt to play support tank, your high profile will make it difficult to stay hidden behind obstacles without taking fire. Your good reverse speed can be an advantage but the enemy will flush you out with artillery strike (which can be accurate enough from middle ranges to disable you). Even with an escape route planned and cover to hide behind, your chances of survival are meagre. You will also be at risk of being flanked by light tanks or armoured cars, especially if they swarm you. Anyone who manages to get behind you has a very high chance to destroy you. In that role, an undetected flanking enemy, artillery strikes or CAS will be great threats to the {{PAGENAME}}.

;Notable enemies:

* Any tank will disable you with little effort in a close range encounter because of your weak and vertical casemate armour.
* For long range engagements, the cannons able to penetrate an {{PAGENAME}} from 1,000 m are:
** USA: M4 tanks equipped with a long 76 mm gun, M36 GMC
** Germany: any vehicle equipped with a 75, 88 or 128 mm gun like Panthers. Tigers I, Sturer Emil, etc.
** USSR: any vehicle equipped with a 85, 122 or 152 mm gun like the IS-2, T-34-85, ISU-152, etc.
** Great Britain: any vehicle equipped with APDS like the Comet, Challenger, Centurion & Charioteer
** Japan: Chi-Ri II & US tank imports
** China: vehicles similar to US and USSR ones
** France: ARL-44
** Sweden: Ikv 103 & Strv 74

[[File:Wsp volumetric shell diagram.png|thumb|Differences between non-volumetric shells and volumetric shells hitting a Tiger I]]
An important note when engaging tanks, especially Tiger I's, is that, with the implementation of volumetric shells, you can no longer expect your shells to pierce through small openings or right past an obstacle. The large 122 mm calibre of your shells will result in it catching on an armour plate's edge very often, losing all of its penetration. For example, a Tiger I has some edges that can absorb your shell unexpectedly, despite having flat armour. Thus you must always make sure that where you are aiming at is absolutely free of obstruction, or it may result in a non-penetration or a ricochet. This can be seen in the diagram to the right.

;Defeating an {{PAGENAME}}

* Wait for {{PAGENAME}} to shoot before engaging it: its long reloading time is a big weakness as it is defenseless for at least 15 seconds like an IS-2. It can however retreat quickly thanks to its good reverse speed. Be careful not to get baited into open field trying to follow your prey.
* The {{PAGENAME}} has a rather thin armour when compared to tanks at the same BR: iIf you have a very high penetrating power, aim for the casemate.
* In a frontal encounter, the right side of the frontal armour plate is the biggest weak spot. A successful penetration will most likely knock out 3 out of 4 crew members because they sit in line along that axis.
* In a flanking manoeuvre, the center of the casemate is the place to shoot to knock most crew members out.
* From behind, the left side of the casemate is the best spot to disable the {{PAGENAME}}.
* If you are alone, flanking a {{PAGENAME}} undetected remains your best chance to destroy it. But it is difficult because the {{PAGENAME}} ideally positions itself very far from the frontline.
* Force it out of position with indirect fire (artillery strikes) if you're at relative close range.
* In case of a frontal attack (choke point/corridor), try blinding the {{PAGENAME}} with smoke and then swarm it with several tanks to saturate its defensive capacities.
* Engage the {{PAGENAME}} while it is moving: it takes a long time to brake, turn, bring the gun to a stable position and target precisely. With a reload time over 15 seconds, no player will take a shot that has little chance to hit.
* Do not take pot shots or shoot on the move, aim precisely at the weak spots (casemate walls). Your chance of ricochet is increased at long range as your penetration power decreases and the {{PAGENAME}} can angle its hull in a defensive manoeuvre.

=== Pros and cons ===


[[File:ArtImage3 ISU-122.png|right|350px]]

'''Pros:'''

* Powerful cannon, can penetrate the majority of enemies it faces (e.g. [[M4A3E2]], [[Panther A]], [[Churchill VII]])
* Devastating post-penetration damage
* All-round protection has no weak spots, is effective against low-penetrating guns
* Good acceleration in reverse allows you to hide quickly
* Roof-mounted 12.7 mm HMG is useful against low-flying planes and lightly armoured vehicles like [[R3 T106 FA|R3 T106]]

'''Cons:'''

* Very long reload time, leaving it vulnerable
* Armour cannot stop most common cannons (e.g. [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3 76W]], [[Chi-Ri II|Chi-Ri]]), penetrations are often lethal
* Like most tank destroyers, it lacks a turret and so firing angles are restricted
* Breech gets damaged often
* Slow traverse means flanking attacks are lethal

== History ==

===Development===
When the [[ISU-152]] began production in 1943 with the large 152 mm ML-20S gun, production of the chassis and hull soon exceeded the supply of the ML-20S gun, which caused a decrease in the production of self-propelled guns for the Soviet military. It was determined to speed up self-propelled gun production, the ISU chassis were to be mounted with the 122 mm A-19S gun. Work on this mounting already began before the supply issue in December 1943 at the Chelyabinsk Kirov Plant (ChKZ), which had a design team simply take the ISU-152 chassis and hull and only changing out the armament with the 122 mm gun, but this prototype - ''Object 242'' - was not immediately put into production despite successful testings. When the supply issue arose, the prototype was then adopted by the Soviet Defense Committee for increased production and also that the 122 mm gun had better accuracy against tanks than the 152 mm gun. The ISU armed with the 122 mm gun, designated the '''ISU-122''', began production in April 1944.

===Upgrade===
The original '''[[ISU-122]]''' is equipped with the 122 mm A-19S gun, which had a firing rate of 1.5 to 2.5 shots per minute due to its manual-piston breech. An attempt to fix this was a modernized A-19 gun called the D-25. The D-25 didn't see instalment onto the ISU-122 for a while due to prioritization on the IS-2 tanks, but it was available for use on self-propelled mounts after September 1944 as the D-25S. The ISU-122 prototype mounting the D-25 gun was called ''Object 249'' which was successfully tested and an improvement over the A-19 gun with an increased firing rate of 2 to 3 shots per minute with one loader and up to 4 shots per minute with an additional loader in the crew. The D-25 also exploited the use of a muzzle brake in order to reduce the recoil forces on the gun, so the recoil buffer on the D-25 was much smaller than the A-19, which helped reduce the size of the gun and improved crew workspace in the self-propelled gun. ''Object 249'' was then adopted as the '''[[ISU-122S]]''', which entered production side by side with the ISU-122 u and both were produced up until the end of 1945. ChKZ produced both vehicles during the war and manufactured 1,735 ISU-122s (April 1944 - December 1945) and 675 ISU-122Ss (September 1944 - December 1945).

===Combat usage===
The ISU-122 were organized in units in a similar fashion as the [[ISU-152]]. The focus was made to not mix the two vehicles in the same regiments or brigades due to logistical reasons with ammunition and ballistic differences in indirect fire, but some units were equipped with both vehicles anyways. Like the ISU-152, the ISU-122 proved to be a very powerful multi-purpose vehicle as an assault gun, self-propelled artillery, and tank destroyer. The 122 mm gun on the ISU-122 allowed it to engage armour and fortifications with heavy armour-piercing round and a large high-explosive round. The primary role of the ISU-122 was as a tank destroyer due to the gun's superior ballistics compared to the ISU-152's, which large calibre size more suited its role as an assault gun. The ISU-122 did participate as an assault gun role in urban combat to support the infantry, but the lack of rotating turret and long barrel length restricted its manoeuvring and ability to engage all enemies in a large angle. Nevertheless, commanders found the ISU-122 as a very good assault gun. Usage of the ISU-122 in an indirect firing role as a howitzer is rare, but when used could fire up to 14 kilometres away. Usage as an artillery piece is more likely during a rapid offensive where towed artillery behind the lines is unable to keep up with the advancing infantry lines.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The ISU-122 SPG was created in 1943 based on the IS-1 with the 122 mm A-19 Mod. 1937 field cannon's tipping unit installed in its cabin. The cannon was mounted with an offset to the right from the hull's central axis. The driver's compartment was placed to the left of it. The weapon had a relatively low rate of fire, amounting to around 2.2 shots per minute. The barrel's length came to 46.3 calibres. Its armour-piercing round weighed 25 kg and had an 800 m/s muzzle velocity. Its ammunition load consisted of separately loaded shots. Its direct firing range came to 5,000 m, and its maximum range was 14,300 m.

The fighting compartment was also equipped with two 7.62 mm PPSh and PPS submachine guns with 1,491 rounds and 25 F-1 hand grenades. Starting from October 1944, a 12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine gun was mounted on a bracket next to the commander's hatch. The machine gun had a 250 round ammunition complement. The crew consisted of four to five men. The crew housing in this vehicle was the same as in the ISU-152. Its armour protection was also the same as on the ISU-152. The cannon's gun mantlet had 100 mm thick armour.

The vehicle was mass-produced from April 1944 to September 1945 at the ChKZ factory in Chelyabinsk. In total, 1,735 of them were made.

The new SPGs were widely used in battles as tank destroyers and assault weapons in the final stage of the Great Patriotic War.

The long barrel length of the A-19 cannon installed in the fore of the armoured cabin limited the vehicle's manoeuvrability.

A small number of ISU-122s were modernised in 1958. Only their sights and radio sets underwent modernisation. At the beginning of the 1960s, the SPGs were removed from service in the Soviet Army.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:ArtImage ISU-122.png
</gallery>

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_isu_122 Skin and Camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} on live.warthunder.com].

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[ISU-122 (China)]]
* [[ISU-122S]]
* [[IS-2 (Family)]]

;Similar Soviet vehicles

* [[SU-152]]
* [[ISU-152]] & [[ISU-152 (China)]]
* [[SU-122-54]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Panzer IV/70(A)]]
* [[Panzer IV/70(V)]]
* [[Jagdpanther]]
* [[Ho-Ri Prototype]]
* [[CA Lorraine]]
* [[Ikv 103]]

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:ISU-122|[Wikipedia] ISU-122]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/soviet/ISU-122.php Tanks Encyclopedia - ISU-122 & 122S]
* [[Wikipedia:122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)|[Wikipedia] 122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)]]

{{TankManufacturer ChTZ}}
{{USSR tank destroyers}}

File:ArtImage3 ISU-122.png

2024-09-10T01:16:27Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" Category:In-game screenshots

{| class="wikitable"

[[Category:In-game screenshots]]

File:Weapon DShK (12.7 mm) ISU-122.png

2024-09-10T01:08:13Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Description || The DShK (12.7 mm) on top of the ISU-122. |- |} Category:Armament images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Description || The [[DShK (12.7 mm)]] on top of the [[ISU-122]].
|-
|}

[[Category:Armament images]]

File:Weapon A-19 (122 mm).png

2024-09-10T01:03:29Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Description || The A-19 (122 mm) on the ISU-122 gun mantlet. |- |} Category:Armament images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Description || The [[A-19 (122 mm)]] on the [[ISU-122]] gun mantlet.
|-
|}

[[Category:Armament images]]

File:ArtImage2 ISU-122.png

2024-09-10T00:59:41Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115750/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115750/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

BTR-152D

2024-09-08T14:22:26Z

U9202753: Specs-Card ArtImage added. Screenshots added in: Armaments and Usage in Battles

{{About
| about = Soviet SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = BTR-152A
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_btr_152d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''BTR-152D''' is an improved variant of the BTR-152-based self-propelled anti-aircraft gun family. The design incorporates four [[KPV (14.5 mm)|14.5 mm KPVT]] heavy machine guns in a quad mount, increasing the vehicle's firepower over the previous [[BTR-152A]]. Other enhancements include an external tire pressure regulation system, a front-mounted winch, and night vision devices for the driver.

Introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]], the BTR-152D is very similar to its predecessor. However, firepower is greatly increased, making it much easier to bring down enemy aircraft. Armor-piercing ammunition can penetrate significant armor at close ranges. Nonetheless, it is still lightly armoured and is not recommended to be used to primarily engage enemy ground vehicles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

As the BTR-152D is an armored personnel carrier, its armor is very light compared to tanks. However, relative to other truck-based anti-aircraft vehicles, it has a relatively good armor profile. Its armor, although light, can protect the crew against light machine gun fire and shrapnel. In fact, due to the thinness of the armor, it may prevent incoming APHE ammunition from detonating, causing the round to overpenetrate. Although the armor can shrug off small-caliber machine guns, vehicles fitted with heavy machine guns and autocannons can easily punch through the armor and take out the crew rapidly.

The cabin and troop compartment are semi-enclosed, having side armor but lacking a roof. This means that attacking aircraft and machine guns positioned higher than the BTR-152D's roof line will be able to easily hit crew members. The turret is essentially unarmored except for a thin gunshield that does not elevate with the guns, meaning that it will not protect against aircraft coming from high angles. The lack of a roof also means that high-explosive weapons will easily overpressure this vehicle, whether connecting with it directly or detonating nearby. Although rare, [[Incendiary weapons]] will burn the crew near-instantaneously if flames get inside the vehicle.

The crew size of the BTR-152D is relatively large, meaning that the vehicle can lose more crewmembers than other vehicles while staying operational. However, the crew are situated very close to each other, meaning that enemy fire that penetrates the armor can take out most if not all of the crew in quick succession.

Due to the overall armor profile, it is inadviseable to rely on the BTR-152D's armor. It is recommended to play carefully, similar to other anti-aircraft vehicles, trying not to get hit.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogenous armor (Hull, Gunshield)
* Structural steel (Wheel wells, Bumper)
* Bulletproof glass (Viewing ports)


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 13 mm (34-64°) ''Grille'' 13 mm (42°) ''Cabin'' 12 mm (42°) ''Viewing ports'' 6 mm (84°) ''Hood'' 3 mm (0°) ''Bumper''
| 10 mm (7-22°) ''Cabin'' 10 mm (7°) ''Doors'' 10 mm (0°) ''Sides'' 10 mm (7-23°) ''Rear'' 6 mm (0-38°) ''Wheel wells''
| 8 mm (0°) ''Rear'' 10 mm (0°) ''Spare tire'' 6 mm (0°) ''Rear bumper''
| 6 mm (87°) ''Cabin''
|-
| Turret || 6 mm (16°) ''Gunshield'' 10 mm (0°) ''Gun mount''
| 6 mm (0°) ''Ammunition'' 6 mm (0°) ''Turret ring''
| 6 mm (6-10°) ''Gun mount'' 6 mm (0°) ''Turret ring''
| 6 mm (90°) ''Gunshield'' 0 mm (0°) ''Turret'' ''roof''
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 

* Wheels are 10 mm thick
* Gunshield section rotates horizontally with the turret, covering different small sections of the hull depending on its position

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The mobility of the BTR-152D is decent overall, being able to reach relatively high forward speeds on road and decent speeds offroad for a wheeled vehicle. Compared to its maximum forward speed, the vehicle's reverse is relatively lackluster, although not terrible. Before driving over hills or around corners, it is recommended to check for enemies that might force a retreat. Researching ''Mobility'' modifications will noticeably improve the vehicle's performance.

Keep in mind that due to the BTR-152D's relatively light weight and low engine power, obstacles such as fences and light vegetation will significantly slow it down if hit, while large trees will completely stop the vehicle.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=156|rbMinHp=97}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

One recommended order of research is as follows:

* ''Improved Parts'' and ''Improved FPE'': These are high-priority modifications and will significantly improve the BTR-152D's ability to return to combat after taking damage.
* ''Adjustment of Fire'': This modification will improve weapon groupings and increase accuracy.
* ''Elevation Mechanism'' and ''Horizontal Drive'': As the BTR-152D is an anti-aircraft vehicle, it is recommended to hold weapon handling modifications in high priority. These will increase the ability to track enemy aircraft by decreasing the time for weapons to be brought onto the target.
* ''IAI'' and ''API-T'': Although the default ''Universal'' ammunition is very potent, players may opt to research and choose between ''IAI'' (Immediate-Action Incendiary) and ''API-T'' (Armor-Piercing Incendiary, Tracer) ammunition belts. ''IAI'' ammunition belts contain more IAI ammunition than other belts, which is very potent against aircraft and can easily set fire to aircraft fuel tanks and engines. ''API-T'' ammunition belts contains the AP-I(c) (Armor-Piercing, Incendiary, cermet core) round which has 10 mm of increased armor penetration over the standard API-T round. This belt focuses on armor penetration and can be used against heavy aircraft armor and against lighty armored ground vehicles.
* ''Brake System'': Due to the BTR-152D's high top speed, it may be difficult to slow the vehicle down when going at its maximum speed. This modification will reduce the time it takes for the vehicle to stop and can possibly prevent the vehicle from driving off ledges or rolling past cover.
* ''Crew Replenishment'': Due to the lack of an armored roof, crewmembers will often be knocked out by enemy aircraft's strafing runs. This modification will increase the vehicle's survivability.
* General ''Mobility'': These modifications will increase the vehicle's mobility, allowing it to reach higher top speeds faster than before. Since it is not recommended to drive the BTR-152D to the front lines, these modifications may be researched later than others.
* ''Artillery Support'': If using the BTR-152D in a more frontline role, this modification can allow for periodic calling of artillery in a designated sector which is capable of knocking out enemies. This may be useful if there are other anti-aircraft vehicles nearby.

== Armaments ==
[[File:Weapon KPV (14.5 mm) BTR-152D.png|thumb|right|350px|The 4x KPV (14.5 mm)]]
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KPVT (14.5 mm)}}

Players who are experienced with the earlier [[BTR-152A]] will find the BTR-152D's weapon handling to be nearly identical, as it is essentially the same vehicle fitted with an extra two KPVT machine guns, increasing the weapon total to four.

Weapon traverse is fast and can allow players to get their guns on targets fairly quickly. An unusual note about the BTR-152D's weapon handling is that the two machine guns mounted to the top of the turret elevate from a different position than the front two machine guns. This means that overall dispersion slightly increases as the turret elevates higher due to the guns being spaced further apart than when they are lowered. Because of this quirk, these guns may be slightly more accurate when shooting at aircraft that are coming in low.

The 14.5 mm KPVT heavy machine guns fire rapidly and fairly accurately. Although considered a heavy machine gun, its performance is somewhere between a heavy machine gun and an autocannon. Overall armor penetration is very good for its class. API-T and AP-I(c) ammunition can easily penetrate aircraft armor and armored glass, leading to the destruction of important components and possibly sniping the pilot directly. These rounds can also be used to penetrate lightly armored ground vehicles and even the sides of medium tanks at close ranges. IAI ammunition easily lights aircraft fuel tanks and components on fire.

The machine guns have relatively high velocity, meaning that players can lead less when aiming at enemy aircraft and rounds will reach the target faster than other guns. It actually may take a bit of practice for players to get used to these guns, especially if they are used to leading targets with autocannons mounted to previous Soviet anti-aircraft vehicles such as the [[ZSU-37]].

Reload speed is average for the guns' class but not instant. When enemy aircraft are closing in during the reloading process, it may feel like hours. It is recommended to ensure that the machine guns are fully loaded before engaging the enemy. This may involve sitting on a capture point or firing off the remaining belt in order to reload a full belt of ammunition.

It is recommended to fire bursts around four seconds long in order to keep up a good fire rate while not overheating the guns. Overheating the guns will force the gunner to unjam the weapons, which will prevent you from firing until they are reloaded. If this happens during a critical phase of attack, it may result in the BTR-152D's destruction.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[KPVT (14.5 mm)|14.5 mm KPVT]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 2,400 (150) || rowspan="2" | 600 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+89° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 40.5 || 56.1 || 68.1 || 75.3 || 80.1 || rowspan="2" | 10.40 || rowspan="2" | 9.20 || rowspan="2" | 8.48 || rowspan="2" | 8.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 27.4 || 32.2 || 39.1 || 43.2 || 46.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}
* '''API-T:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}
* '''IAI:''' {{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}

{{:KPVT (14.5 mm)/Ammunition|IAI, API-T, AP-I, AP-I(c)}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''16''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

There are a few ways to play the BTR-152D, although its main role is as an anti-aircraft vehicle.

[[File:ArtImage2 BTR-152D.png|right|350px]]

'''Anti-Aircraft Role'''

When performing the anti-aircraft role, it is recommended to stay behind the front lines and attack aircraft as they fly over the battlefield. Players may decide to take IAI ammunition belts to increase anti-aircraft firepower. Since weapon handling is excellent, players may be able to take out multiple aircraft in quick succession as long as they are vigilant and always watching the skies in front, above, and behind them.

It is recommended to give destruction priority to enemy aircraft that carry heavy machine guns, autocannons and/or explosive weapons like bombs and rockets. Bombers such as the [[He 111 H-16]] may fly at higher altitudes to stay away from anti-aircraft fire. If air defense is unsuccessful in taking down the bomber, players can use the BTR-152D's mobility to escape the area or hide behind cover before the bombs hit the ground. Aircraft with rockets such as the [[M.B.175T]] may launch salvoes from long ranges. It is recommended look out for these aircraft and hide or counter-attack before they launch their rockets. Aircraft with heavy machine guns and autocannons such as the [[Bf 110 G-4]] can be devastating to the BTR-152D due to their damage output against exposed crewmembers. It is recommended to begin firing at longer ranges before they begin firing, with the 14.5 mm AP ammunition hopefully sniping their pilots.

Be aware that firing for long periods of time will alert enemies to your position. It is recommended to change positions periodically, especially if your position is outside of spawns.

'''Light Anti-Ground Role'''

If players have researched API-T belts containing the AP-I (cermet core) round, players may opt to use the BTR-152D as a sort of early infantry fighting vehicle. This ammunition penetrates a generous amount of armor for its size and can easily punch through light targets. Some medium tanks and armored tank destroyers can be penetrated from the sides and rear at close ranges.

Utilizing the BTR-152D's high top speed, players can flank the battlefield and attack enemy vehicles using hit-and-run tactics. If an enemy vehicle's armor cannot be penetrated, players can use the guns to quickly disable the vehicle's tracks and possibly their weapons.

It is recommended to beware of ground vehicles fitted with autocannons or roof-mounted heavy machine guns such as the [[Wirbelwind]] or [[M4A2]] as they can penetrate the BTR-152D and wipe out the crew quickly. Enemy anti-aircraft vehicles are particularly dangerous as they primarily use these types of weapons.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Hull armor can shrug off light machine guns and shrapnel
* Relatively large crew size
* Decent mobility with good forward speed on-road
* Weapon traverse is quick and guns have high velocity
* Four KPVT heavy machine guns can output significant damage against aircraft
* IAI ammunition can easily set aircraft components on fire, API-T and AP-I(c) ammunition can penetrate light to medium armor
* At first glance, the truck chassis may trick enemies into ignoring this vehicle in urban environments

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armor can be penetrated by heavy machine guns and autocannons
* Open-topped design means the vehicle is vulnerable to strafing from enemy planes and explosions
* Closely positioned crewmembers
* Mobility is decreased off-road due to wheeled design
* Relatively low engine power and light hull will cause impact with obstacles to slow or stop the vehicle
* Relatively small caliber may not do significant damage against large aircraft at a distance

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_btr_152d Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


'''Related development'''

* [[BTR-152A]]

'''Vehicles of similar configuration or role'''

* [[Sd.Kfz.251/21]]
* [[M16 MGMC]]
* [[Wirbelwind]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

File:Weapon KPV (14.5 mm) BTR-152D.png

2024-09-08T14:02:57Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Description || The 4x KPV (14.5 mm) on the BTR-152D gun mantlet. |- |} Category:Armament images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Description || The 4x [[KPV (14.5 mm)]] on the [[BTR-152D]] gun mantlet.
|-
|}

[[Category:Armament images]]

File:ArtImage2 BTR-152D.png

2024-09-08T14:00:59Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115658/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115658/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

File:ArtImage BTR-152D.png

2024-09-08T13:59:47Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115658/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115658/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Grant I (USA)

2024-09-06T13:44:01Z

U9202753: Small edit on screenshot description on Survivability and armour and Additional Armament.

{{About
| about = gift American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|other
|usage-1 = other versions
|link-1 = M3 Medium (Family)
|usage-2 = other uses
|link-2 = M3 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_mk1_grant
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

Following the defeat in France, the British military was left in a state of equipment shortage and were in need of American equipment to recover from their losses. The premier American medium tank of the time was the [[M3 Lee|M3 medium]], however the British sought for modifications to refit the tanks to better suit British needs as well as build from their existing armour experiences. This led to a much larger turret bing developed by Rock Island Arsenal for the British military, with the new turret capable of housing a radio and doing away with the machine gun cupola. In order to distinguish this modified M3 from the regular M3 mediums being purchased from the United States, the modified M3 was given the nickname "Grant" after Ulysses Grant, the 18th President of the United States and a general who commanded the Union Army during the Civil War. The Grants served within the British and Commonwealth military forces, serving both in the European and Pacific Theater.

Introduced in along with the initial American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]] as a bundle vehicle, the Grant shared many similarities with the M3 Lee. The redesigned turret brings protection benefits, with the turret front armour being overall thicker than on the M3 Lee. The removal of the machine gun cupola also removes another weak point to prevent enemies from incapacitating the turret crew. Due to the presence of two cannons, this tank is an excellent multi-role vehicle. The Grant can be played it as a brawler combining the agile 37 mm gun with the high damage of the 75 mm gun, but don't get too close, in fact, the turreted gun has a bad depression and, combined with the high profile, tends to make close tanks difficult to hit. Note that the different guns can be assigned different keys to be separately used, so it is possible to select the 75 mm as a primary weapon, allowing the optics to accommodate the 75 mm shells (and not from the point of view of the 37 mm gun) and use the bullet drop indicator in [[:Category:Game_modes|arcade battles]]. Finally, despite the awkward position of the 75 mm in the hull, it benefits from a stabilization that would allow faster target acquisition when moving in slow speed or coming to a stop.

Although starting as a bundle vehicle, it was later removed from the store. It was reintroduced for [[wt:en/news/5852-special-news-war-thunder-s-birthday-discounts-and-gifts-en|War Thunder's 6th Anniversary]] as a premium purchasable for Golden Eagles {{ge}} and was made available in the [[Warbonds]] shop during Seasons IV and IX of the [[Battle Pass]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

[[File:Grant I (USA) Smoke Grenade.png|thumb||right|300px|Smoke Grenade launched from the turret]]
[[File:Grant I (USA) Smoke Grenade2.png|thumb||right|300px|Smoke Grenade effect]]

{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38.1 mm (54°) ''Front Glacis'' 50.8 mm (15-55°) ''Transmission area'' 50.8 mm (30°) ''Driver port'' 38.1 mm (0-57°) ''Hull gun mount'' || 38.1 mm (0-22°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm ''Bottom'' || 38.1 mm (1-14°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm (15-53°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 76.2 mm (1-57°) ''Turret front'' 38.1 mm (1-69°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (7-45°) || 50.8 mm (1-35°) || 38.1 mm
|-
| Cupola || 50.8 mm || 50.8 mm || 50.8 mm || 38.1 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Hull doors and vision ports are 38.1 mm thick.
* Turret ring is 50.8 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=620|rbMinHp=354}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}

[[File:Weapon M5 (37 mm) Grant I (USA).png|thumb|right|350px|The M5 (73 mm) on Grant I (USA) turret.]]
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}


{{main|M5 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M5 (37 mm)|37 mm M5]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 128 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+60° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 17.1 || 23.7 || 28.8 || 31.8 || 33.9 || rowspan="2" | 3.77 || rowspan="2" | 3.33 || rowspan="2" | 3.07 || rowspan="2" | 2.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 10.7 || 12.6 || 15.3 || 16.9 || 18.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M5 (37 mm)/Ammunition|M74B1, M51B1_Lee}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''128''' || 125 ''(+3)'' || 121 ''(+7)'' || 117 ''(+11)'' || 97 ''(+31)'' || 74 ''(+54)'' || 70 ''(+58)'' || 57 ''(+71)'' || 27 ''(+101)'' || 1 ''(+127)'' || Yes
|-
|}

[[File:Weapon M2 (75 mm) Grant I.png|thumb|right|350px|The M2 (75 mm) on Grant I (USA) hull]]

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}


{{main|M2 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2 (75 mm)|75 mm M2]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 65 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±15° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 16 km/h}} || 11 || 16 || 19 || 21 || 23 || rowspan="2" | 6.2 || rowspan="2" | 5.5 || rowspan="2" | 5.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.8
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10 || 11 || 12
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M2 (75 mm)/Ammunition|M48 shell, M72 shot, M61 shot, M89}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x200px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''65''' || 36 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+64)'' || Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The multiple cannons allow for different combinations of attack. The 75 mm gun possesses armour penetration on about the level of the 37 mm gun; however, the damage upon penetration is extremely high with the M61 APCBC shell due to the HE filler. On the other hand, the 37 mm gun allows for close quarters and longer-range fighting, where its high-velocity and effective shell make for good long range targeting while it is also the only cannon on the Grant that has a full 360-degree traverse.

Different guns mean different styles of play. The Grant can be played as a tank destroyer, using its sponson gun to take shots at medium range and its 37 mm to cover the flanks and make longer range snipe shots. The Grant can also be used as an assault tank, quickly advancing on points while switching between the powerful 75 mm gun and the faster-firing 37 mm. In all game modes, the two gun profiles should be assigned to different keys, this will allow players to aim using the sights of the three guns separately, allowing the usage of the individual optics to actually hit things at range.

the Grant I has the possibility of facing long-barrelled [[Pz.III J1|Pz.Kpfw. III]], and [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV]], as well as [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]]s. The [[ZiS-30]] and [[Na-To]] are also very deadly. The 75 mm gun can reliable penetrate all of these tanks at short range (save the T-34), whereas the 37 mm will require some particular shot placement.

[[File:ArtImage2 Grant I (USA).png|right|350px]]

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Ability to use two guns: a 37 mm and a 75 mm - which is very powerful at this rank
* Fine frontal armour
* Side mounted 75 mm gives the ability for some unique tactics
* Despite the tall profile, the "wedding cake" design of the turret has thick sloped armour, providing extra protection to make up for its height

'''Cons:'''

* Tall profile, big target
* Fixed 75 mm gun in the sponson makes it harder to use as a primary
* Slow traverse speeds make it easy for a light or a particularly speedy medium tank to sneak around the sides
* The 37 mm gun does not have a stabilizer unlike the regular M3 variant

== History ==


===Development===
After the development of the [[M2|M2 medium tank]], the Battle of France showed that such a tank was not going to be capable to go up against the German [[Pz.III F|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]]. With the Western Allies now embroiled in the North African campaign against the Germans and Italians, the Allies needed a good tank capable of going against the Panzer tanks, and they needed it quickly.

The [[M3 Lee]] tank started from the basis of the M2 Medium Tank, using the chassis and the VVSS suspension system. It was to mount the 75 mm cannon, however it was discovered that the United States does not have a turret design that could mount the 75 mm gun. So as development on the turret proceeded, the 75 mm on the M3 would be sponson-mounted. This design was tested on the M2 medium tank as the T5E2, which was approved for the M3 design. The M3 featured a medium tank with two guns, the 75 mm on the hull sponson mount, and a 37 mm with a coaxial machine gun on a turret. The turret cupola also had its own machine gun and there were also two fixed bow machine guns. The use of two gun mounts on a tank was similar to the German [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]] and Soviet [[T-35]] tanks. The M3's 75 mm gun however presented a huge advantage over contemporary tank armaments, as the 75 mm could fire high-explosive rounds for against infantry and anti-tank guns, yet could also fire a shell with a high enough velocity for anti-tank purposes.

The M3's faults were the high profile and the sponson mount for its main armament. The M3 was 10 ft. 3 in. tall, a feet taller than the M2 medium tank. The 75 mm on a sponson mount meant that the main armament of the tank had a limited traverse compared to a rotatable turret and forced the tank to reveal much of its body in order to aim the gun at the enemy. The M3 was also constructed out of rivets (which increased spalling) and had a smooth track design which reduced ground traction. Despite these disadvantages, the British happily accepted them as they were critically low on tanks. German Colonel Hans von Luck said he even considered them superior to the [[Pz.IV E|Panzer IVs]].

The M3 first saw service with the British in the campaign for North Africa beginning in May, 1942. Those that had been made with a British-designed turret were identified as "Grant", whereas an additional quantity that were Lend-Leased to the British later on with the standard U.S turret were named "Lee." The British cast turret on the Grant was considered superior in terms of frontal protection and replaced the American smoke dischargers with a British smoke mortar, but did not have the cupola or cupola MG of the Lee. The Grant also moved the radio into the turret, removing the need for a separate radio operator position in the hull (the Americans would later do this with their M3s as well). Their baptism of fire was the Gazala battles, where 167 Grants were present with 1st and 7th Armoured Divisions. Regiments with Grants were initially organized on a 2:1 Grants-to-Stuarts, or a 2:1 Crusaders-to-Grants basis, but by 2nd Alamein in October, 1942, Shermans had also been added into that mix. Still, over 170 Grants or Lees were in the line for that battle. There were 3 tanks in a Grant/Lee troop. By May, 1943, all British Grants and Lees were replaced with newer tanks, mostly the Sherman.

Production on the Lee had begun in August 1941. A majority of these were completed at Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The British would receive more than their original order of 1,250 tanks. Of the total 6,258 M3s built by the US between start up to the end of production in December 1942, 2,855 units (over 1,600 Grants, and over 1,200 Lees) went to the British and 1,386 Lees went to the Soviet Union, were they served until 1943 before being replaced. A mix of Grants ahd Lees were also used by the Australians and Indians in the India-Burma theater, beginning in December, 1943, serving there until the end of the war with Japan. The M3 risked causing confusion in British service as the same "M3" designation was given to the [[M3 Stuart|M3 Light Tank]]. This set off their tradition of naming American-made tanks after generals, where the M3 medium tank earned the name [[M3 Lee]] for the American-turret variant (Grant for the British variant) and the M3 light tank was called the Stuart. Americans did not use these names themselves, only starting to name their tanks after the war.

===Combat usage===
Combat experience with the M3 Lee was complicated but favourable. In Africa, the Lees and Grants in British and American service surprised the German forces when they could withstand the 50 mm KwK 38 L/42 gun and 75 mm KwK 37 L/24 howitzer armament on the Panzer IIIs and Panzer IVs. The M3 Lee proved reliable and adequate in armour protection. The Soviet's experience with the M3 Lee was less favourable, as their [[T-34 (1941)|T-34 tanks]] were much better in combat performance. The Soviets euphemistically called it a "grave for six men" and the Lee tanks were relegated to the secondary fronts or repurposed as armoured personnel carriers. In the Pacific, the M3 Lees were lent to the Australians and Indians, which proved vastly superior to the Japanese tanks in service. The only American use of the M3 Lee at the Pacific Theater was during the Battle of Makin Island.

The M3 Lee served fine as a stop-gap solution for the American tank development. They performed very well on the combat field and proved very reliable. However, once a 75 mm turret was finally designed, the M3 Lee was redesigned to use it, and the resulting tank was the [[M4|M4 Sherman]], which will go on to replace the M3 tanks in the Allies as they are withdrawn from service. Even if it wasn't, the M3 was becoming obsolete due to newer German tanks being deployed, such as the [[Panther D|Panther]], [[Tiger_H1|Tiger I]], or improvement of old chassis like [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV Ausf. G]] and [[StuG III F|StuG III Ausf. F]]. Its obsolescence was a consequence of its own rather unique development and anachronistic design, limiting this medium tank's service life to a mere two years in Allied hands. However, it lived on until the end of WW2 in some modifications such as tractor and recovery vehicle. The chassis and running gear were adapted by the Canadians to develop their [[M4A5|Ram medium tank]].

===An anecdote===

::"The 75 (mm gun) is firing. The 37 (mm gun) is firing, but it is traversed around the wrong way. The Browning (machine gun) is jammed. I am saying 'Driver advance' on the A set and the driver, who can't hear me, is reversing. And as I look over the top of the turret and see twelve enemy tanks fifty yards away, someone hands me a cheese sandwich." —''British Lieutenant Ken Giles, tank commander of a M3 Grant''<ref name="GrantAnecdote">Bell, Chris. "Fury: All You Need to Know about Life in a Tank." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 24 Oct. 2014. Web. 12 Jan. 2017. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11167575/Fury-all-you-need-to-know-about-life-in-a-tank.html></ref>

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The bitter taste left in the mouth of British builders after battles in Greece and France forced them to take a hard look at the future of their armour. They did not have a single powerful artillery system of their own, though the US at the time had just begun producing their new M3 Lee and its sponson-mounted 75 mm cannon.

After evaluating the American-made M3, the British decided that it would primarily be used in North Africa. A major invasion was planned for 1941, and so the Americans were asked to develop a new and elongated cast turret with a bustle at the back for a British Wireless Set No. 19. Periscopes were added on each side closer to the back in addition to slots from which to fire personal weapons. The cupola was unneeded and removed, being replaced by a short addition with a folding hatch in front of an antenna output. In total, the turret became 30 mm shorter, reducing the tank's profile. The M3 modification for the British was designated the Grant Mk I.

The first contracts with Baldwin, Lima, and Pullman were signed at the end of 1940, with deliveries totaling 1,685 units beginning six months later.

The Grant Mk I saw action in North Africa from 1942 to 1943 with varying success. Crew members reported that the German Pz.II and Pz.III tanks shot their armour-piercing shells from a distance of 1,100 meters. The Mk I was not as manoeuvrable as its German counterparts, and its side armour could not sustain hits from 50 mm tank cannons. Further, 88 mm anti-tank guns easily pierced its armour, while the high silhouette made long-range targeting easier.

The British Grant Mk Is saw limited action in the 1943 invasion of Sicily.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_mk1_grant Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:M3Lee + Grant.jpg|The [[M3 Lee]] (right) and M3 Grant in the North Africa Theater.
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|P-RnfEaO0ns|'''The Shooting Range #215''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:31 discusses the M3 Grant.|5XbdErI74vQ|'''Tank Chats #30 M3 Grant''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[M3 Medium (Family)]]

== External links ==


=== References ===
<references />

{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Department}}
{{USA medium tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

Grant I (USA)

2024-09-06T13:28:27Z

U9202753: New Specs-Card ArtImage. New screenshots on: Survivability and armour, Armaments, Additional Armaments and Usage in Battles. Removed duplicated Ammor Rack sceenshot.

{{About
| about = gift American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|other
|usage-1 = other versions
|link-1 = M3 Medium (Family)
|usage-2 = other uses
|link-2 = M3 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_mk1_grant
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

Following the defeat in France, the British military was left in a state of equipment shortage and were in need of American equipment to recover from their losses. The premier American medium tank of the time was the [[M3 Lee|M3 medium]], however the British sought for modifications to refit the tanks to better suit British needs as well as build from their existing armour experiences. This led to a much larger turret bing developed by Rock Island Arsenal for the British military, with the new turret capable of housing a radio and doing away with the machine gun cupola. In order to distinguish this modified M3 from the regular M3 mediums being purchased from the United States, the modified M3 was given the nickname "Grant" after Ulysses Grant, the 18th President of the United States and a general who commanded the Union Army during the Civil War. The Grants served within the British and Commonwealth military forces, serving both in the European and Pacific Theater.

Introduced in along with the initial American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]] as a bundle vehicle, the Grant shared many similarities with the M3 Lee. The redesigned turret brings protection benefits, with the turret front armour being overall thicker than on the M3 Lee. The removal of the machine gun cupola also removes another weak point to prevent enemies from incapacitating the turret crew. Due to the presence of two cannons, this tank is an excellent multi-role vehicle. The Grant can be played it as a brawler combining the agile 37 mm gun with the high damage of the 75 mm gun, but don't get too close, in fact, the turreted gun has a bad depression and, combined with the high profile, tends to make close tanks difficult to hit. Note that the different guns can be assigned different keys to be separately used, so it is possible to select the 75 mm as a primary weapon, allowing the optics to accommodate the 75 mm shells (and not from the point of view of the 37 mm gun) and use the bullet drop indicator in [[:Category:Game_modes|arcade battles]]. Finally, despite the awkward position of the 75 mm in the hull, it benefits from a stabilization that would allow faster target acquisition when moving in slow speed or coming to a stop.

Although starting as a bundle vehicle, it was later removed from the store. It was reintroduced for [[wt:en/news/5852-special-news-war-thunder-s-birthday-discounts-and-gifts-en|War Thunder's 6th Anniversary]] as a premium purchasable for Golden Eagles {{ge}} and was made available in the [[Warbonds]] shop during Seasons IV and IX of the [[Battle Pass]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

[[File:Grant I (USA) Smoke Grenade.png|right|300px|]]
[[File:Grant I (USA) Smoke Grenade2.png|right|300px|]]

{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38.1 mm (54°) ''Front Glacis'' 50.8 mm (15-55°) ''Transmission area'' 50.8 mm (30°) ''Driver port'' 38.1 mm (0-57°) ''Hull gun mount'' || 38.1 mm (0-22°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm ''Bottom'' || 38.1 mm (1-14°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm (15-53°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 76.2 mm (1-57°) ''Turret front'' 38.1 mm (1-69°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (7-45°) || 50.8 mm (1-35°) || 38.1 mm
|-
| Cupola || 50.8 mm || 50.8 mm || 50.8 mm || 38.1 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Hull doors and vision ports are 38.1 mm thick.
* Turret ring is 50.8 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=620|rbMinHp=354}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}

[[File:Weapon M5 (37 mm) Grant I (USA).png|thumb|right|350px|The M5 (73 mm) on Grant I (USA) turret.]]
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}


{{main|M5 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M5 (37 mm)|37 mm M5]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 128 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+60° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 17.1 || 23.7 || 28.8 || 31.8 || 33.9 || rowspan="2" | 3.77 || rowspan="2" | 3.33 || rowspan="2" | 3.07 || rowspan="2" | 2.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 10.7 || 12.6 || 15.3 || 16.9 || 18.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M5 (37 mm)/Ammunition|M74B1, M51B1_Lee}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''128''' || 125 ''(+3)'' || 121 ''(+7)'' || 117 ''(+11)'' || 97 ''(+31)'' || 74 ''(+54)'' || 70 ''(+58)'' || 57 ''(+71)'' || 27 ''(+101)'' || 1 ''(+127)'' || Yes
|-
|}

[[File:Weapon M2 (75 mm) Grant I.png|thumb|right|350px|The M2 97 mm) on Grant I (USA) hull]]

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}


{{main|M2 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2 (75 mm)|75 mm M2]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 65 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±15° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 16 km/h}} || 11 || 16 || 19 || 21 || 23 || rowspan="2" | 6.2 || rowspan="2" | 5.5 || rowspan="2" | 5.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.8
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10 || 11 || 12
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M2 (75 mm)/Ammunition|M48 shell, M72 shot, M61 shot, M89}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x200px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''65''' || 36 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+64)'' || Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The multiple cannons allow for different combinations of attack. The 75 mm gun possesses armour penetration on about the level of the 37 mm gun; however, the damage upon penetration is extremely high with the M61 APCBC shell due to the HE filler. On the other hand, the 37 mm gun allows for close quarters and longer-range fighting, where its high-velocity and effective shell make for good long range targeting while it is also the only cannon on the Grant that has a full 360-degree traverse.

Different guns mean different styles of play. The Grant can be played as a tank destroyer, using its sponson gun to take shots at medium range and its 37 mm to cover the flanks and make longer range snipe shots. The Grant can also be used as an assault tank, quickly advancing on points while switching between the powerful 75 mm gun and the faster-firing 37 mm. In all game modes, the two gun profiles should be assigned to different keys, this will allow players to aim using the sights of the three guns separately, allowing the usage of the individual optics to actually hit things at range.

the Grant I has the possibility of facing long-barrelled [[Pz.III J1|Pz.Kpfw. III]], and [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV]], as well as [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]]s. The [[ZiS-30]] and [[Na-To]] are also very deadly. The 75 mm gun can reliable penetrate all of these tanks at short range (save the T-34), whereas the 37 mm will require some particular shot placement.

[[File:ArtImage2 Grant I (USA).png|right|350px]]

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Ability to use two guns: a 37 mm and a 75 mm - which is very powerful at this rank
* Fine frontal armour
* Side mounted 75 mm gives the ability for some unique tactics
* Despite the tall profile, the "wedding cake" design of the turret has thick sloped armour, providing extra protection to make up for its height

'''Cons:'''

* Tall profile, big target
* Fixed 75 mm gun in the sponson makes it harder to use as a primary
* Slow traverse speeds make it easy for a light or a particularly speedy medium tank to sneak around the sides
* The 37 mm gun does not have a stabilizer unlike the regular M3 variant

== History ==


===Development===
After the development of the [[M2|M2 medium tank]], the Battle of France showed that such a tank was not going to be capable to go up against the German [[Pz.III F|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]]. With the Western Allies now embroiled in the North African campaign against the Germans and Italians, the Allies needed a good tank capable of going against the Panzer tanks, and they needed it quickly.

The [[M3 Lee]] tank started from the basis of the M2 Medium Tank, using the chassis and the VVSS suspension system. It was to mount the 75 mm cannon, however it was discovered that the United States does not have a turret design that could mount the 75 mm gun. So as development on the turret proceeded, the 75 mm on the M3 would be sponson-mounted. This design was tested on the M2 medium tank as the T5E2, which was approved for the M3 design. The M3 featured a medium tank with two guns, the 75 mm on the hull sponson mount, and a 37 mm with a coaxial machine gun on a turret. The turret cupola also had its own machine gun and there were also two fixed bow machine guns. The use of two gun mounts on a tank was similar to the German [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]] and Soviet [[T-35]] tanks. The M3's 75 mm gun however presented a huge advantage over contemporary tank armaments, as the 75 mm could fire high-explosive rounds for against infantry and anti-tank guns, yet could also fire a shell with a high enough velocity for anti-tank purposes.

The M3's faults were the high profile and the sponson mount for its main armament. The M3 was 10 ft. 3 in. tall, a feet taller than the M2 medium tank. The 75 mm on a sponson mount meant that the main armament of the tank had a limited traverse compared to a rotatable turret and forced the tank to reveal much of its body in order to aim the gun at the enemy. The M3 was also constructed out of rivets (which increased spalling) and had a smooth track design which reduced ground traction. Despite these disadvantages, the British happily accepted them as they were critically low on tanks. German Colonel Hans von Luck said he even considered them superior to the [[Pz.IV E|Panzer IVs]].

The M3 first saw service with the British in the campaign for North Africa beginning in May, 1942. Those that had been made with a British-designed turret were identified as "Grant", whereas an additional quantity that were Lend-Leased to the British later on with the standard U.S turret were named "Lee." The British cast turret on the Grant was considered superior in terms of frontal protection and replaced the American smoke dischargers with a British smoke mortar, but did not have the cupola or cupola MG of the Lee. The Grant also moved the radio into the turret, removing the need for a separate radio operator position in the hull (the Americans would later do this with their M3s as well). Their baptism of fire was the Gazala battles, where 167 Grants were present with 1st and 7th Armoured Divisions. Regiments with Grants were initially organized on a 2:1 Grants-to-Stuarts, or a 2:1 Crusaders-to-Grants basis, but by 2nd Alamein in October, 1942, Shermans had also been added into that mix. Still, over 170 Grants or Lees were in the line for that battle. There were 3 tanks in a Grant/Lee troop. By May, 1943, all British Grants and Lees were replaced with newer tanks, mostly the Sherman.

Production on the Lee had begun in August 1941. A majority of these were completed at Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The British would receive more than their original order of 1,250 tanks. Of the total 6,258 M3s built by the US between start up to the end of production in December 1942, 2,855 units (over 1,600 Grants, and over 1,200 Lees) went to the British and 1,386 Lees went to the Soviet Union, were they served until 1943 before being replaced. A mix of Grants ahd Lees were also used by the Australians and Indians in the India-Burma theater, beginning in December, 1943, serving there until the end of the war with Japan. The M3 risked causing confusion in British service as the same "M3" designation was given to the [[M3 Stuart|M3 Light Tank]]. This set off their tradition of naming American-made tanks after generals, where the M3 medium tank earned the name [[M3 Lee]] for the American-turret variant (Grant for the British variant) and the M3 light tank was called the Stuart. Americans did not use these names themselves, only starting to name their tanks after the war.

===Combat usage===
Combat experience with the M3 Lee was complicated but favourable. In Africa, the Lees and Grants in British and American service surprised the German forces when they could withstand the 50 mm KwK 38 L/42 gun and 75 mm KwK 37 L/24 howitzer armament on the Panzer IIIs and Panzer IVs. The M3 Lee proved reliable and adequate in armour protection. The Soviet's experience with the M3 Lee was less favourable, as their [[T-34 (1941)|T-34 tanks]] were much better in combat performance. The Soviets euphemistically called it a "grave for six men" and the Lee tanks were relegated to the secondary fronts or repurposed as armoured personnel carriers. In the Pacific, the M3 Lees were lent to the Australians and Indians, which proved vastly superior to the Japanese tanks in service. The only American use of the M3 Lee at the Pacific Theater was during the Battle of Makin Island.

The M3 Lee served fine as a stop-gap solution for the American tank development. They performed very well on the combat field and proved very reliable. However, once a 75 mm turret was finally designed, the M3 Lee was redesigned to use it, and the resulting tank was the [[M4|M4 Sherman]], which will go on to replace the M3 tanks in the Allies as they are withdrawn from service. Even if it wasn't, the M3 was becoming obsolete due to newer German tanks being deployed, such as the [[Panther D|Panther]], [[Tiger_H1|Tiger I]], or improvement of old chassis like [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV Ausf. G]] and [[StuG III F|StuG III Ausf. F]]. Its obsolescence was a consequence of its own rather unique development and anachronistic design, limiting this medium tank's service life to a mere two years in Allied hands. However, it lived on until the end of WW2 in some modifications such as tractor and recovery vehicle. The chassis and running gear were adapted by the Canadians to develop their [[M4A5|Ram medium tank]].

===An anecdote===

::"The 75 (mm gun) is firing. The 37 (mm gun) is firing, but it is traversed around the wrong way. The Browning (machine gun) is jammed. I am saying 'Driver advance' on the A set and the driver, who can't hear me, is reversing. And as I look over the top of the turret and see twelve enemy tanks fifty yards away, someone hands me a cheese sandwich." —''British Lieutenant Ken Giles, tank commander of a M3 Grant''<ref name="GrantAnecdote">Bell, Chris. "Fury: All You Need to Know about Life in a Tank." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 24 Oct. 2014. Web. 12 Jan. 2017. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11167575/Fury-all-you-need-to-know-about-life-in-a-tank.html></ref>

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The bitter taste left in the mouth of British builders after battles in Greece and France forced them to take a hard look at the future of their armour. They did not have a single powerful artillery system of their own, though the US at the time had just begun producing their new M3 Lee and its sponson-mounted 75 mm cannon.

After evaluating the American-made M3, the British decided that it would primarily be used in North Africa. A major invasion was planned for 1941, and so the Americans were asked to develop a new and elongated cast turret with a bustle at the back for a British Wireless Set No. 19. Periscopes were added on each side closer to the back in addition to slots from which to fire personal weapons. The cupola was unneeded and removed, being replaced by a short addition with a folding hatch in front of an antenna output. In total, the turret became 30 mm shorter, reducing the tank's profile. The M3 modification for the British was designated the Grant Mk I.

The first contracts with Baldwin, Lima, and Pullman were signed at the end of 1940, with deliveries totaling 1,685 units beginning six months later.

The Grant Mk I saw action in North Africa from 1942 to 1943 with varying success. Crew members reported that the German Pz.II and Pz.III tanks shot their armour-piercing shells from a distance of 1,100 meters. The Mk I was not as manoeuvrable as its German counterparts, and its side armour could not sustain hits from 50 mm tank cannons. Further, 88 mm anti-tank guns easily pierced its armour, while the high silhouette made long-range targeting easier.

The British Grant Mk Is saw limited action in the 1943 invasion of Sicily.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_mk1_grant Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:M3Lee + Grant.jpg|The [[M3 Lee]] (right) and M3 Grant in the North Africa Theater.
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|P-RnfEaO0ns|'''The Shooting Range #215''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:31 discusses the M3 Grant.|5XbdErI74vQ|'''Tank Chats #30 M3 Grant''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[M3 Medium (Family)]]

== External links ==


=== References ===
<references />

{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Department}}
{{USA medium tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

File:Grant I (USA) Smoke Grenade2.png

2024-09-06T12:52:43Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" Category:In-game screenshots

{| class="wikitable"

[[Category:In-game screenshots]]

File:Grant I (USA) Smoke Grenade.png

2024-09-06T12:51:55Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" Category:In-game screenshots

{| class="wikitable"

[[Category:In-game screenshots]]

File:ArtImage2 Grant I (USA).png

2024-09-06T12:50:14Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" Category:In-game screenshots

{| class="wikitable"

[[Category:In-game screenshots]]

File:Weapon M5 (37 mm) Grant I (USA).png

2024-09-06T12:30:32Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Description || The M5 (37 mm) on the Grant I (USA). |- |} Category:Armament images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Description || The [[M5 (37 mm)]] on the [[Grant I (USA)]].
|-
|}

[[Category:Armament images]]

File:Weapon M2 (75 mm) Grant I.png

2024-09-06T12:27:52Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Description || The M2 (75 mm) on the Grant I (USA). |- |} Category:Armament images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Description || The [[M2 (75 mm)]] on the [[Grant I (USA)]].
|-
|}

[[Category:Armament images]]

File:ArtImage Grant I (USA).png

2024-09-06T12:22:21Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115465/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115465/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Leopard 2 PSO

2024-09-05T12:46:07Z

U9202753: New Specs-Card Artimage. Old picture moved to Media: Images

{{About
| about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Leopard 2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_leopard_2a5_pso
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,208|rbMinHp=1,442}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Rh120 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 || 64.0 || 70.8 || 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)/Ammunition|DM12A1, DM11, DM33, DM53}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 16 ''(+26)'' ||''1 (+41)''||''No''
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|s.MG.50 (12.7 mm)|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[s.MG.50 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm s.MG.50]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 800 (100) || 575 || -10°/+70° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,400 (200) || 1,200 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* New [[s.MG.50 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm s.MG.50]] coaxial machine gun instead of the [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1 machine gun]] that's featured on all previous Leopard 2 tanks.
* The new engine (MTU MT 883 Ka-501) delivers 123,2 HP more and revs 400 RPMs higher than the older MTU MB 873 Ka-501 engine.
* Added protection from the new armor modules that are present on the turret, sides and on the hull.
* New hull design slightly increases protection.
* High-explosive shells have a harder time to overpressure because of the added armor modules on the hull.
* Has access to the DM11 which makes shooting down planes or helicopters easier.

'''Cons:'''

* The new armor modules increase the weight drastically.
* Features the older 120 mm Rh L/44 cannon with less penetration than the 120 mm Rh L/55 cannon that's on the Leopard 2A6.
* The tank is bigger and wider than the other Leopard 2 variants which makes it difficult to find well protected spots.
* The same 1st Gen Thermal imager for the gunner.
* The hull can still be penetrated easily with APFSDS rounds.
* Huge hull ammo rack that can be shot easily, just like on the other Leopard 2 variants.

== History ==

The Leopard 2 PSO, with PSO standing for "Peace Support Operations", was KMW's proactive development of the Bundeswehr's requirements for a tank that needed to be adapted for urban warfare peacekeeping operations. As a result of this version, the Leopard 2 PSO features a compact Euro-Powerpack engine, and has been equipped with optional equipment, capable of being fitted for whatever mission is at hand. The Leopard 2 PSO's hull has been equipped with additional armor modules on the sides and on the turret, as well as reinforced underbody protection. The modernization of Leopard 2 tanks under the PSO program was first delayed and then eventually abandoned in favor of upgrading tanks to the Leopard 2A7 specification.

- ''From [[wt:en/news/8448-development-leopard-2-pso-urban-warfare-tactics-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:ArtImage Leopard 2 PSO.png
</gallery>

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_leopard_2a5_pso Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|wEMvtctleC8|'''The Shooting Range #375''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Leopard 2 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8448-development-leopard-2-pso-urban-warfare-tactics-en|[Devblog] Leopard 2 PSO: Urban Warfare Tactics]]

{{Germany medium tanks}}

File:ArtImage2 Leopard 2 PSO.png

2024-09-05T12:45:28Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115380/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115380/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Leopard 2 PSO

2024-09-03T14:19:45Z

U9202753: Specs-Card ArtImage added.

{{About
| about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Leopard 2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_leopard_2a5_pso
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,208|rbMinHp=1,442}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Rh120 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 || 64.0 || 70.8 || 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Rh120 L/44 (120 mm)/Ammunition|DM12A1, DM11, DM33, DM53}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 16 ''(+26)'' ||''1 (+41)''||''No''
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|s.MG.50 (12.7 mm)|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[s.MG.50 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm s.MG.50]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 800 (100) || 575 || -10°/+70° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,400 (200) || 1,200 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* New [[s.MG.50 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm s.MG.50]] coaxial machine gun instead of the [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1 machine gun]] that's featured on all previous Leopard 2 tanks.
* The new engine (MTU MT 883 Ka-501) delivers 123,2 HP more and revs 400 RPMs higher than the older MTU MB 873 Ka-501 engine.
* Added protection from the new armor modules that are present on the turret, sides and on the hull.
* New hull design slightly increases protection.
* High-explosive shells have a harder time to overpressure because of the added armor modules on the hull.
* Has access to the DM11 which makes shooting down planes or helicopters easier.

'''Cons:'''

* The new armor modules increase the weight drastically.
* Features the older 120 mm Rh L/44 cannon with less penetration than the 120 mm Rh L/55 cannon that's on the Leopard 2A6.
* The tank is bigger and wider than the other Leopard 2 variants which makes it difficult to find well protected spots.
* The same 1st Gen Thermal imager for the gunner.
* The hull can still be penetrated easily with APFSDS rounds.
* Huge hull ammo rack that can be shot easily, just like on the other Leopard 2 variants.

== History ==

The Leopard 2 PSO, with PSO standing for "Peace Support Operations", was KMW's proactive development of the Bundeswehr's requirements for a tank that needed to be adapted for urban warfare peacekeeping operations. As a result of this version, the Leopard 2 PSO features a compact Euro-Powerpack engine, and has been equipped with optional equipment, capable of being fitted for whatever mission is at hand. The Leopard 2 PSO's hull has been equipped with additional armor modules on the sides and on the turret, as well as reinforced underbody protection. The modernization of Leopard 2 tanks under the PSO program was first delayed and then eventually abandoned in favor of upgrading tanks to the Leopard 2A7 specification.

- ''From [[wt:en/news/8448-development-leopard-2-pso-urban-warfare-tactics-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_leopard_2a5_pso Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|wEMvtctleC8|'''The Shooting Range #375''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Leopard 2 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8448-development-leopard-2-pso-urban-warfare-tactics-en|[Devblog] Leopard 2 PSO: Urban Warfare Tactics]]

{{Germany medium tanks}}

File:ArtImage Leopard 2 PSO.png

2024-09-03T14:19:08Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115206/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1115206/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

USS Atlanta

2024-08-22T01:10:30Z

U9202753: New Specs-Card Artimage. Old picture moved to Media: Images

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_atlanta_class_atlanta
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

Laid down in April 1940, the Atlanta-class light cruisers were designed by the United States Navy as a return to the concept of a destroyer flotilla leader from before the First World War. This essentially created an overgrown destroyer with extra room for equipment and lots of {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 mounts similar to those found on the destroyers she was expected to lead. Although exceptionally powerful against destroyers and thinly armoured light cruisers, this left her vulnerable to more well-armoured cruisers. USS Atlanta would only serve in 3 battles (Midway, the Eastern Solomans, and Guadalcanal) and would be sunk in the naval battle for Guadalcanal. After being struck by at least one torpedo, she was then hit by the friendly heavy cruiser San Francisco. The damage inflicted would later cause the rest of the Atlanta class to be mostly relegated to anti-air duties throughout the rest of the war.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]], and boasts an impressive main battery of 8 double mount {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} guns, the same found on destroyers of the US Navy. With their impressive fire rate and good damage output, captains of USS Atlanta can expect to be able to easily dispatch all destroyers and many light cruisers, though the more well-armoured light cruisers and especially heavy cruisers will resist fire. Compared to other cruisers of the rank, Atlanta has a very weak anti-aircraft battery as she is in her 1941 refit, but the main battery can easily compensate for this when in battle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Atlanta's protection is quite poor. While the ship is clad with with layers of anti-fragmentation armour (especially on the bow) and reasonable armour around the ship's internal modules, this is offset by low crew count, poor turret protection, and highly vulnerable ammunition storage.

Although the ammunition storage forward of the bridge does benefit from a layer of fuel storage in-between it and an incoming salvo, detonation of ammunition is commonplace thanks to the numerous fragile main turrets with highly vulnerable ready racks. The stern section of the Atlanta is especially vulnerable, as it has five main turrets cramped together and the rear magazine sits barely below the waterline.

Fire resistant characteristic is a mixed bag, as the Atlanta can endure prolonged fire damage with minimal crew loss, yet a fire in the vicinity of a turret has a high chance to cause a fatal ready rack detonation.

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front !! Side !! Rear !! Deck/Roof
|-
| Turret || 31.75 mm || 31.75 mm || 31.75 mm || 31.75 mm
|-
| Magazine (Front) || 95.25 mm || 27.94 mm || 95.25 mm || 31.75 mm + 12.7 mm
|-
| Citadel || 95.25 mm || 95.25 mm central part 19.05 mm almost covering all the hull 16 mm in the foredeck and in the aft || 95.25 mm || 31.75 mm + 12.7 mm
|-
| Magazine (Rear) || 95.25 mm || 95.25 mm in upper part 45.72 mm in the lower part || 95.25 mm || 31.75 mm + 12.7 mm
|-
| Barbette || colspan="4" | 31.75 mm
|-
| Bridge || colspan="4" | 63.5 mm
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


The Atlanta's handling is surprisingly sluggish when stock. Once upgraded, Atlanta is similar in manoeuvrability to other small light cruisers, though slightly more so than the Trenton-class light cruisers also found in the American tree. Atlanta has a top speed of {{Annotation|32 kn|60 km/h;37 mph}}, but this falls to {{Annotation|23 kn|42 km/h;26 mph}} when in a sustained turn. This is similar to the later Brooklyn-class cruisers, as is the rudder response time. At flank speed, the ship responds to rudder commands within two seconds, and in general USS Atlanta behaves like a larger destroyer, which makes sense as she was designed as a destroyer flotilla leader.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

The primary armament of the Atlanta is 16 x {{Annotation|5-inch|127mm}}/38 Mk.12 guns in eight twin mounts, of which a maximum broadside of 14 barrels can be brought to bear on one target. These guns have a high rate of fire (up to 22 rounds per minute with maxed crew and first-stage ammo stowage) even with an untrained crew and have an reasonably high explosive mass for the calibre. The downside is a comparatively poor shell trajectory when compared to other cruisers; especially in fights over 8 km, the five-inch guns require more precise distance input compared to larger diameter guns.

The Atlanta gets access to four shell types - Mk.34 AAC, Mk. 32 Common, Mk.46 Common SP, and Mk.31 AAVT. The Common SP (essentially a common shell with slightly less explosive mass but better penetration) is typically the best pick for heavily-armoured targets such as cruisers. The Mk.31 AAVT is the only other recommended shell for use, as it contains the same filler as the AAC round while also of course being proximity-fused. This round serves as a dual-purpose round, perfect for lightly armoured destroyers and cruisers and any and all aircraft in the vicinity. The round can also be used to splash anti-aircraft guns and set fires in the superstructure when engaging more heavily-armoured ships, though the common shells will still be the main rounds to knock out the ship.

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)}}

As designed, USS Atlanta was fitted with 8 twin {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 mounts; as dual purpose guns, these would serve as the long range anti-aircraft battery, but for closer engagements she was fitted with 3 quad {{Annotation|1.1-inch|28 mm}} gun mounts, two positioned port and starboard of the bridge and superstructure and one mounted forward and slightly above the aft three turrets.

The {{Annotation|1.1-inch|28 mm}}/75 Mk.1 Gun, otherwise known as the "Chicago Piano" (because it was the size of a baby grand piano), was the standard anti-aircraft armament for most American ships prior to the adoption and widespread introduction of the [[Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] and [[20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)|20 mm Oerlikon]]. Though they have a good traverse and elevation rate, as well as a quick fire rate, the shells lack stopping power. This means that gunners will need some time on target to eliminate any threats, and in most cases it is recommended to supplement the AA fire with volleys of AAVT from the main battery instead of relying solely on the gunners. Also note that the only available option for the guns is the default HEF-T belt.

{{:1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)/Ammunition|1.1 inch Mk.1 HE-T}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)}}

The USS Atlanta, designed as a destroyer escort leader, also received torpedo launchers like the ships she was designed to lead. Being finally classed as a light cruiser, this makes her and her class a rare exception as an American cruiser with torpedoes. She has two quad torpedo launchers, mounted port and starboard aft of the second funnel and before the two wing turrets. These carry the Mk.15 torpedo, with {{Annotation|5.5 km|3.4 miles}} of range stock, and motors along at {{Annotation|45 kn|83 km/h,52 mph}}. With the "Torpedo mode" modification, the range increases to {{Annotation|9.15 km|5.7 miles}}, but the speed drops sharply to {{Annotation|33 kn|62 km/h,39 mph}}. It is up to captains of Atlanta whether to use the extra range or extra speed, though with the lacklustre range of US torpedoes either way, the extra speed may be preferred.

== Usage in battles ==


USS Atlanta will serve her captains extremely well in her original role as a destroyer flotilla leader. Her prodigious quantities of {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 will dispatch any enemy destroyer quickly, especially considering she has twice or thrice the broadside of many of the destroyers she will be fighting. Captains are recommended to attempt to rake the enemy ships bow to stern with fire, as the extremely fast fire rate of Atlanta will decimate any smaller vessels in short order, destroying crew compartments and setting off ammo racks. Captains should play her like a slightly slower, but better armoured and armed destroyer, not as a cruiser as she is classed. She will do exceptionally well brawling with enemy destroyers, though captains should be wary of quickly extinguishing fires, as turret fires have a tendency to spread and do lethal damage quickly. She is also vulnerable to enemy torpedoes, as her displacement is not enough to easily cushion blasts as some larger ships are capable of.

When engaging enemy cruisers the outlook is not so rosy. USS Atlanta is still very effective against most light cruisers, as their armour is incapable of stopping the shells at anything except extreme range. Against well armoured light cruisers like [[HMS Belfast]] and of course heavy cruisers, Atlanta will have a difficult time doing any more than superficial damage. Captains can use the massive volume of shells to destroy superstructure, AA guns, rangefinders, and other important and lightly armoured components of heavier ships however, and if the enemy captain has to repair the damage, eventually USS Atlanta may be able to bleed the enemies dry of crew.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Huge amount of dual-purposes 5 inch guns provides excellent close to medium range firepower
* Due to its high rate of fire, it can quickly suppress rushing enemies attempting to close the distance
* Great gun coverage, can utilize most guns while heavily angled
* Effective at long-range anti-air defence when used correctly

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability due to lack of armour and low crew count
* Lots of turrets means a lot of ammo racks being scattered around the ship
* Mediocre manoeuvrability
* Poor accuracy and weapon trajectory at longer range
* Unreliable anti-air armaments, have to rely on dual-purpose guns that is quite tricky to use at times

== History ==

[[File:USS Atlanta 1941.jpg|thumb|450x450px|The U.S. Navy light cruiser USS Atlanta steaming at high speed, probably during her trials, circa in November 1941.]]
USS Atlanta was the lead ship of her class of light cruisers built for the United States Navy during the Second World War. Designed as light anti-aircraft cruisers similar to the British [[HMS Dido|Dido]]-class, the Atlanta was commissioned in December of 1941 just after the American entry into the Second World War. She went on to see combat action in the Pacific Theatre, and participated in the Midway and Eastern Solomons conflicts. She was later abandoned and sunk after being hit by Japanese torpedoes and friendly fire at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.

=== Design and development ===
The Atlanta class were designed as specialized anti-aircraft ships with armament specialized for anti-aircraft defence, similar to the British Dido-class. The ships were armed with a formidable main armament of sixteen 5-inch (127 mm) guns in eight dual mounts, with six on the centreline in two superfiring pairs and two more mounted on the beam. Despite their role, the ship's secondary anti-aircraft armament was scarce, being limited to just three quadruple 28 mm 'Chicago Piano' mounts. As well, Atlanta carried two quadruple 533 mm torpedo tubes, which was unusual among American cruisers due to the doctrine of not fitting torpedo tubes to cruisers. Being a small cruiser, Atlanta displaced just 6718 tons standard and had a crew of 673. Her anti-aircraft design meant that she was an ineffective surface combatant, which would later become a fatal flaw when she was severely damaged at the Battle of Guadalcanal. Atlanta was laid down in April of 1940, and commissioned on Christmas Eve, 1941, days after the United States declared war on the Axis powers.

=== Operational history ===
After her shakedown cruise in Chesapeake bay, the Atlanta was immediately sent to the Pacific theatre, where ships of her role were badly needed. After stopping at Pearl harbour, she joined Task Force 16, under the command of Vice Admiral William 'Bull' Halsey, as they sailed to counter the imminent attack on Midway Atoll. At the Battle of Midway, she provided air cover for the carrier USS Hornet, while aircraft of the American force decimated the Japanese carrier group and sank all four Japanese fleet carriers.

Soon after the Midway conflict, Atlanta participated in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, where she covered the carrier USS Enterprise as she launched her airgroup against the Japanese carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku. Soon after, she proceeded to embark Rear Admiral Norman Scott, as she became the flagship of a convoy responsible for transporting troops to Guadalcanal. They were extensively attacked by enemy aircraft during the trip, but luckily, all three troop transports emerged without severe damage. Once the transports started unloading, Atlanta provided air cover as part of the larger TF 67, covered by several other cruisers.

Soon after, the Japanese aircraft broke off, and the cruiser force enjoyed a short period of inactivity before Japanese surface units were detected. TF 67 regrouped, now being composed of the heavy cruisers San Francisco (with commanding officer RAdm Daniel Callaghan onboard), Portland and Pensacola, the light cruisers [[USS Helena]], Juneau, and Atlanta, along with several destroyers. They soon engaged the Japanese force in a night engagement that resulted in the sinking of the destroyer Akatsuki and crippling of [[IJN Yuudachi|Yuudachi]]. However, midway into the engagement, Atlanta was hit by a Japanese [[Long Lance]] torpedo that destroyed her engine room and knocked out most functions. Just minutes after, she was mistaken for a Japanese vessel and was hit by at least 19 8-inch shells fired by the USS San Francisco, which destroyed her superstructure and killed most of her officers including her commanding officer, RAdm Scott. The next morning, the surviving crew were disembarked by crew transports, and the ship was scuttled. The naval battle of Guadalcanal would eventually result in the sinking of her sister ship Juneau, and heavy damage to multiple other ships. For her service, Atlanta received 5 battle stars, as well as a presidential unit citation for her bravery during the Battle of Guadalcanal.

=== [[wt:en/news/6334-development-uss-atlanta-the-explosive-air-traffic-controller-en|Devblog]] ===
Atlanta-class light cruisers came to being in the late 1930s, during which the US Navy was considering a multitude of different design proposals for new light cruisers, which would be in accordance with the limitations set by the Second London Naval Treaty of 1936.

Having realized that all outstanding requirements couldn't be met with a limited displacement design, the decision was eventually made to adopt a smaller light cruiser design to act as a destroyer leader. As a result, the proposed design of what would become the Atlanta-class was selected for construction, with an initial order for four ships being issued in April 1939, followed by a second order for four further vessels in September 1940.

USS Atlanta, the lead ship of the class, was laid down on 22 April 1940 in Kearny, New Jersey and was subsequently commissioned into service in December of the following year, shortly after the US' entry into WWII. Atlanta would soon receive its baptism by fire, taking part in the Battle of Midway in June 1942 while on screening duty for American aircraft carriers.

USS Atlanta also took part in heavy fighting during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, as well as the subsequent Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. During the latter, USS Atlanta received mortal damage during a Japanese night attack, both from enemy as well as friendly fire. Although the USS Atlanta made it through the night, it became clear the next morning that the damage was too severe to deal with and the order for scuttling was issued on 13 November 1942. Atlanta was subsequently struck from the Naval Register in January of the following year.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:ArtImage USS Atlanta.png
</gallery>

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_atlanta_class_atlanta Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Other anti-aircraft cruisers

* [[HMS Dido]]
* [[IJN Isuzu]]
* [[RN Etna]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6334-development-uss-atlanta-the-explosive-air-traffic-controller-en|[Devblog] USS Atlanta: The Explosive Air Traffic Controller]]

=== References ===

* Helgason, G. (1995). USS Atlanta. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from <nowiki>https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/2575.html</nowiki>
* Navy History and Heritage Command. (2019, August 20). Atlanta III (CL-51). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/a/atlanta-cl-51-iii.html</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Co.}}
{{USA light cruisers}}

File:ArtImage2 USS Atlanta.png

2024-08-22T01:09:10Z

U9202753: {| class="wikitable" |- |Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1113950/en/ |- |} Category:Live.Warthunder images

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Original post (in .JPG) || https://live.warthunder.com/post/1113950/en/
|-
|}

[[Category:Live.Warthunder images]]

Bf 110 G-4

2024-08-17T13:48:41Z

U9202753: New Specs-Card Artimage. Old picture moved to Media: Images

{{About
| about = German strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Bf 110 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=bf_110g_4
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage2_{{PAGENAME}}.png|}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 569 || 552 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.2 || 27.2 || 9.3 || 9.3 || rowspan="2" | 450
|-
! Upgraded
| 615 || 591 || 23.8 || 25.0 || 16.5 || 12.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 745  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 467 || 438 || 290 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 350 || < 370 || > 715
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 5 mm steel underneath pilot
* 6 mm steel underneath gunner
* 6 mm steel above and below liquid cooling systems
* 6 mm steel in front of engines
* 8.5 mm steel in front of gunner (note that the gunner is rear-facing)
* 8.5 mm steel in front of radar equipment in cockpit
* 8.5 mm steel between radar antennae and nose-mounted cannon ammunition
* 10.5 mm steel beside and in front of pilot's controls
* 10.5 mm steel behind pilot's head
* 58 mm bulletproof glass in front of pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (2 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)|MG 151 (20 mm)||MG FF/M (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm MK 108 cannons, nose-mounted (120 rpg left + 135 rpg right = 255 total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG FF/M cannons, Schräge Musik-style in front of gunner (240 rpg = 480 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="9%" | 1 !! width="9%" | 2 !! width="9%" | 3 !! width="9%" | 4 !! width="9%" | 5
| rowspan="9" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_Bf_110_G-2.png]]</div>
|-
! [[MG 151 (20 mm)|20 mm MG 151]] cannons (200 rpg)
| || || 2* || ||
|-
! [[SC50JA (50 kg)|50 kg SC50JA]] bombs
| 2 || 4*† || || 4* || 2
|-
! [[SC250JA (250 kg)|250 kg SC250JA]] bombs
| || 1* || || 1* ||
|-
! [[SC500K (500 kg)|500 kg SC500K]] bombs
| || 1*† || || 1* ||
|-
! [[SC1000L2 (1,000 kg)|1,000 kg SC1000L2]] bombs
| || || || 1*† ||
|-
! [[Flam C 250 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1* || || 1* ||
|-
! [[Flam C 500 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1*† || || 1* ||
|-
! [[Wfr.Gr.21]] rockets
| 2 || || || || 2
|-
| colspan="7" | * Under-belly cannon pod cannot be equipped with ordnance in adjacent hardpoints † 1,000 kg bomb cannot be equipped with marked ordnance on hardpoint 2
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
* Without load
* 4 x Wfr.Gr.21 rockets
* 12 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (600 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg SC500K bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x Flam C 250 incendiary bombs
* 2 x Flam C 500 incendiary bombs
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon (200 rpg)
{{Navigation-End}}

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MG 81 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 81 machine guns, dorsal turret (750 rpg = 1,500 total)

== Usage in battles ==

This plane plays mostly like [[Bf 110 G-2|its predecessor]], but it has the added bonus of a search radar and a pair of upwards firing MG FF/M cannons. This plane is also slightly slower and climbs worse due to the drag of the search radar and the extra radar operator. A strategy for experienced pilots is to turn the plane upside down and use the upwards firing guns to strafe ground targets, just remember to pull up in time! This plane is like a fusion between the [[Bf 110 G-2]] and the [[Do 217 N-2]]. You can use strategies used on both planes on this aircraft but less effectively. Watch out for enemies that can out-turn you, have a better climb than you, or if there are a horde of them.

=== Radars ===
{{main|FuG-220}}

The Bf 110 G-4 is equipped with a [[FuG-220]] search radar, located in the nose of the aircraft; a control box which is part of the radar damage model is located behind the pilot.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | [[FuG-220]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 5,000 m || 5,000 m || ±35° || -55°/+20°
|-
|}

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great variety of payload options of bombs, gunpods, and rockets
* Very powerful standard armament
* Has Schräge Musik cannons for varied gameplay
* Can carry powerful Wfr.Gr.21 rockets
* Can carry the large SC1000L2 bomb, useful in tank RB
* Has radar capability, an advantage in night battles, cloudy airspace and simulator
* Greyish camo is effective in most city, cloudy or winter maps

'''Cons:'''

* Not very manoeuvrable
* Rockets are hard to aim (they fire in an upwards arc meaning you will have to fire them at ground targets while shallow diving)
* Third crew member radar operator means slightly more weight than other Bf 110s
* Has the same DB 605 engine as its predecessor, meaning it is slower and climbs slower due to the extra drag and weight
* Low roll rate
* Defensive MG has 0 degrees depression, cannot shoot at the chaser sometimes
* Radar has a low range which makes it less effective in air RB: by the time the radar picks anything up its marker will also appear soon, giving you little advantage to sneak on the raget unsuspected

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:ArtImage Bf 110 G-4.png
</gallery>

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=bf_110g_4 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|QYl1ihsoYMg|'''The Rugged Zerstörer! Bf 110 G-4! - Germany - Review!''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5560-development-messerschmitt-bf-110-model-updates-new-modifications-en|[Devblog] Messerschmitt Bf 110 model updates, new modifications]]
* [[wikipedia:Messerschmitt_Bf_110|[Wikipedia] Messerschmitt Bf 110]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/497246-bf-110g-4/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer BFW}}
{{Germany strike aircraft}}