War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

BMP-2M

2020-12-01T00:37:22Z

U88392144: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_bmp_2m}}
{{About
| about = squadron Soviet light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = BMP (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a squadron rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet infantry fighting vehicle (light tank) {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Starfighters"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The vehicle's playstyle is relatively similar to the [[BMP-2]]'s. The fast turret traverse speed, wide field of view, and thermals for the optics combined with a fast-firing 2A42 autocannon and four 9M133 ATGMs makes it an excellent close range combat IFV and good front line scout at open fields. Armour on this vehicle can only protect the crew from 7.62 mm fire at all angles and sometimes 12.7 mm or even 20 mm when being shot from the front. The BMP-2M is prone to hull-break, but sometimes AP rounds such as APFSDS can penetrate the vehicle without significant damage due to its large empty space inside. The hull-break mechanics will mean that even a poorly placed shot may immediately destroy the vehicle. Overall, survivability is poor, and the BMP-2M should use its manoeuvrability to flank opponents and strike before the enemy can locate you and return fire.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=465|rbMinHp=265}}

With 60 extra horsepower, the BMP-2M has excellent mobility compared to the BMP-2. The acceleration of the BMP-2M in off road conditions is excellent, and it is able to keep up with top tier MBTs like the [[T-80U]], [[M1A2 Abrams]] and [[Leopard 2A5]]. The reverse speed however is still 10 kilometers per hour and it still has no neutral steering. Its amphibious capabilities can be useful to cross deep water sections to reach places normally unreachable for other vehicles.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|2A42 (30 mm)}}
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[2A42 (30 mm)|30 mm 2A42]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 500 (340) || rowspan="2" | 550 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+74° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''30 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}
* '''30 mm APT:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}
* '''30 mm APDS:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 65 || 62 || 50 || 38 || 29 || 22
|-
| 30 mm HE || 65 || 62 || 50 || 38 || 29 || 22
|-
| 30 mm APT || 65 || 62 || 50 || 38 || 29 || 22
|-
| 30 mm APDS || 82 || 81 || 79 || 75 || 72 || 69
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''__''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|9M133}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[9M133]] missile || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 8 (4) || rowspan="2" | -5°/+10° || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 9M133 || ATGM (tandem) || 1,200 || 1,200 || 1,200 || 1,200 || 1,200 || 1,200
|-
| 9M133FM-3 || ATGM-HE || 61 || 61 || 61 || 61 || 61 || 61
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 9M133 || ATGM (tandem) || 300 || 26.00 || 0.2 || 0.01 || 6,160 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| 9M133FM-3 || ATGM-HE || 300 || 26.00 || 0.2 || 0.01 || 9,240 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''__''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|AG-30 (30 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[AG-30 (30 mm)|30 mm AG-30]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 300 (300) || rowspan="2" | 400 || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| VOG-30 || VOG* || 6 || 6 || 6 || 6 || 6 || 6
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| VOG-30 || VOG* || 185 || 0.35 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 284.9 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''1''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

During the stock grind, the vehicle is best played as a scout/SPAA platform, as the stock ammo with the exception of the ATGMs is poor. Once it is spaded, the vehicle is basically a complete lineup in itself, as it can play the part of a light tank, with excellent manoeuvrability, the ability to scout and repair, and the fast-firing autocannon to flank and destroy light to medium armoured targets, and mark the heavily armoured targets for allies or eliminate them with ATGMs. If played cautiously, it can also be played as a true IFV, supporting MBTs in CQB. However, when playing like this, it is a SUPPORT vehicle, and should not engage in frontal brawls with MBTs, as it will quickly be destroyed. It can be played at long range, using its scouting ability and ATGMs to know out targets at long range. Once the laser rangefinder is unlocked, one can use APDS rounds at range as it can easily pen the side and roofs of most enemies it will face, and the high volume of rounds will quickly disable if not destroy the target. This vehicle can also be played as an SPAA, with its fast firing 30 mm autocannon and proximity fuse ATGMs.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! colspan="2" | Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Airstrike
| Horizontal Drive
| 30 mm APT
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| NVD
| Adjustment of Fire
| 9M133FM-3
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Laser rangefinder
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| 30 mm APDS
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| ESS
| Smoke grenade
| Artillery Support
| Improved optics
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 2A42 autocannon can punch through any vehicle at its battle rating from the back, side and sometimes front
* Fast turret traverse speed, 35, 42, and 60 degrees per second at stock and full modifications respectively
* High-resolution thermal optics, wide field of view and 2.5 to 12 times zoom for gun sight, suitable for combat at any range
* 1,200 mm penetration power for the standard 9M133 missile, highest in the game; can fire and guide all four missiles simultaneously while on the move
* Can equip 9M133FM-3 HE missile with proximity fuses, useful for SPAA purposes
* Amphibious ability can be useful for crossing the water to areas hard-to-reach for other vehicles
* Very cheap repair cost means easy Silver Lions profit from combat
* Roof-mounted grenade launcher can clear obstacles that typically machine guns can not
* Relatively easy stock grind
* Can be played as a light tank, long range tank, CQB support vehicle, or SPAA

'''Cons:'''

* Missiles mounted on the turret has a chance to explode from shrapnel if too close to any form of explosion
* Chassis can only protect the crew from 7.62 mm and with limited 12.7 mm or bigger calibre ammunition protection from the front
* No neutral steering, the slow reverse speed maxes out at 10 kilometres per hour
* While driving, thermal optics vision to the left of the chassis at 30 to 50 degrees are obscured from the engine exhaust gas
* Grenade launcher has only 6 mm of pen and generally can't destroy opponents, instead being used against obstacles and clearing ERA at close range, sometimes damaging tracks or exposed ammo racks (eg ATGMs) at very close range
* ATGMs require discipline to use, as the urge to fire all four of them on contact is near irresistible. While firing all four ATGM ensures that the target tank is absolutely annihilated, it is a waste of ammunition if operator does not re-direct remaining missiles away from already destroyed tank towards next target

== History ==

Modernized version from KBP (KBP Instrument Design Bureau). This version has B05Ya01 Berezhok turret equipped with 2A42 30mm autocannon, PKMT 7.62mm coaxial machine gun, AGS-30 grenade launcher, 2+2 launchers for ATGM 9M133M "Kornet-M" and new day/night sights as found on the BMD-4. This upgrade was selected by Algeria, and Russia will upgrade several hundred of its vehicles.

The upgrade package from Kurganmashzavod consists of the UTD-23 400 hp (294 kW) turbocharged engine, BPK-3-42 and TKN-AI sights, additional passive armour, an AG-17 "Plamya" grenade launcher and a KBM-2 air conditioning unit. Furthermore, the upgraded vehicle will have an improved suspension with road wheels of higher load carrying capacity, enhanced-hardness torsion bars, power-consuming shock absorbers and tracks with rubber pad shoes. The upgrade package was ready in 2008.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP-2#Variants

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6758-development-squadron-vehicles-bmp-2m-berezhok-en|[Devblog] Squadron vehicles: BMP-2M "Berezhok"]]

{{USSR light tanks}}
{{USSR squadron ground vehicles}}

Celere Sahariano

2020-11-20T03:40:05Z

U88392144:

{{Specs-Card|code=it_sahariano}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled Homogeneous Armor - Main
* Structural Steel - Sideskirts and fenders

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 35 mm + 15 mm (55°) ''Upper Glacis''
35 mm (55°) ''Driver's Hatch'' 20 mm (55°) ''Upper Glacis (Lower Portion)''

20 mm (35°) ''Lower Glacis''
| 15 mm ''Main'' 8 mm ''Upper Engine Compartment'' ||15 mm ''Lower Part''
8 mm ''Upper Part''
|10 mm ''Crew Compartment''
8 mm ''Engine Compartment''
|-
| Turret || 30 mm (12°) ''Turret front'' 30 mm + 40 mm (Curved) ''Gun mantlet'' ||25 mm||25 mm||10 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Fenders and sideskirts - 5 mm
* Tracks, road wheels, drive sprocket, etc. - 15 mm
* Suspension - 10 mm


=== Mobility ===
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=426|rbMinHp=243}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|47/40 mod.38 (47 mm)}}
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[47/40 mod.38 (47 mm)|47 mm 47/40 mod.38]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 122 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Granata mod.35 || HE ||5||5
|5
|5
|5
|5
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.39 || APBC ||69||67||59||51||43||37
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Granata mod.35 || HE ||364||2.37||0||0.1||150|| 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.39 || APBC ||755||1.44||N/A||N/A
|N/A
| 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''122''' || 107 ''(+15)'' || 91 ''(+31)'' || 46 ''(+76)'' || 1 ''(+121)'' ||Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)|8 mm Breda Mod. 38]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
|Coaxial||288 (24)||600||N/A||N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! Firepower
|-
| I
|Tracks

|
|Parts

|Horizontal Drive
|-
| II
|Suspension
|Brake system
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|
|-
! colspan="5" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Great mobility
* Wide, great grip and turning rate
* 50mm UFP, can bounce most shells at it's BR

*

'''Cons:'''

* Slow reverse
* Relatively sub-par turret traverse, can be countered with it's good turn rate and mobility
* Armor can't black from higher caliber shells
* Relatively weak gun, will encounter difficulty with [[m4]] and [[t34]]

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6939-development-celere-sahariano-the-desert-cheetah-en|[Development] Celere Sahariano: The Desert Cheetah]]

{{Italy medium tanks}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

B-29A-BN

2020-11-18T22:32:12Z

U88392144: /* Suspended armament */

{{Specs-Card|code=b-29}}
{{About
| about = American heavy bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = B-29/Tu-4 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage B-29A-BNSuperfortress.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American heavy bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.47 "Big Guns"]]. The B-29 follows the [[B-24D-25-CO|B-24 Liberator]] in the U.S. bomber branch and is currently the last American propeller-powered bomber in the US Tech Tree. At the top of its game, the {{PAGENAME}} is one of the most powerful and heavily armed bombers found in War Thunder, though it suffers from both an immense repair cost, and a large chance to face early jets.

In the few years leading up to World War II, the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) realized that its current primary heavy bomber, the [[B-17 (Family)|B-17]] would not have the range nor the payload which would be needed to efficiently transit what would end up becoming the Pacific Theater. To compensate for this Boeing began to develop a prototype which would incorporate a pressurized cabin to allow for higher altitude flying, which would help to protect the bomber from Japanese fighters which struggled to get to the higher altitudes.
[[File:B-29 kawashima momo 001.png|350px|thumb|left|A view of the '''{{PAGENAME}}''' cockpit.]]
The resulting XB-29 prototype and the later production series B-29 bomber had everything the USAAC was looking for, high-pressured cockpit, a maximum altitude of almost 32,000 ft (9753.6 m), true air-speed around 372 mph (600 kph) and could carry a massive payload of bombs upwards of 20,000 lbs (9,072 kg). Defensive positions on the B-29 were well placed to ensure maximum coverage surrounding the bomber. This bomber was one of the first aircraft to be fitted with the General Electric Central Fire Control system which could be used to remotely control four of the remotely controlled turrets (two dorsal and two ventral). Though in their early stages, this aircraft’s turrets each also had a General Electric analogue computer linked to it allowing the weapons to be more accurate by automatically factoring in airspeed, gravity, temperature and lead time for the inbound aircraft. With this setup, these turrets could be controlled from the nose, tail or any of the three mid-fuselage positions and a single gunner could actually control more than one turret at a time increasing the effectiveness and lethality of the bomber’s defences. Bristling with 12 x M2 Browning machine guns, the {{PAGENAME}} was extremely difficult to approach, yet make a successful pass and leave untouched.

Unlike other bombers which can take on a secondary role as a pseudo-attacker, the {{PAGENAME}} is a bomber, period. The sole purpose of the B-29 is to beat ground targets into submission either with upwards of 40 x 500 lb bombs, 18 x 1,000 lb bombs or 8 x 2,000 lb bombs. The larger 1,000 and 2,000 lb bombs are perfect for base bombing while the relatively smaller 500 lb bombs make the perfect tool for carpet bombing where vehicles, pillboxes or anti-aircraft artillery may be clustered together which may be reminiscent for pilots who have flown the rank I French bomber the [[F.222.2]] and utilised its 52 x 50 kg [[G.A. MMN. 50 (50 kg)|G.A. MMN. 50]] bombs which created area denial on early maps.

The {{PAGENAME}} is an aerial beast which can drop a beastly amount of explosive ordnance, rivalled by few, but is not immune to enemy fighters. Altitude is this bombers friend and when achieved can be a safer haven from which to rain down explosives on enemy bases or vehicles.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


The {{PAGENAME}}, much like its contemporaries the Messerschmitt [[Me 264]], Blohm & Voss [[BV 238]] and Tupolev [[Tu-4]] was built for the sole purpose of flying high and dropping large amounts of bombs. To account for these characteristics, others such as manoeuvrability, rate-of-climb and acceleration were compromised. The B-29 is a heavy aircraft which when adding 10,000 – 20,000 lbs of ordnance will only make the plane that much more difficult to get to altitude, but once there this aircraft does have a decent cruising speed. To help speed up gameplay for this aircraft, it is given an air-start at the beginning of matches and also after landing to reload and repair due to its sheer size and difficulty climbing to its bombing altitude.

The typical method of utilising this bomber is to fly the aircraft to a higher altitude. Depending on the enemy fighters, attackers and interceptors which appear in the match, you may be able to stay lower around 20,000 ft (6,000 m) or you may need to increase closer to 30,000 ft (9,150 m) to make it extremely difficult for the fighters to follow you up and many if they do get that high, their engines are struggling to keep the plane above stall speed which provides you with the opportunity to leave them behind or to easily pick them off with your gunners.

One downside to flying at the higher altitudes in arcade battles is that if you bomb a base but don’t completely destroy it, it is difficult to circle back around and bomb again when the bombs have reloaded. A wide circle is necessary to accomplish this and it may be better and more efficient instead to fly towards another base, bomb it and turn around and finish off the first base. Another option too is to leave the partially bombed bases for the smaller and slower bombers on your team to finish off or just catch the partially bombed bases on a return pass.
[[File:B-29 jonigustavo 001.png|350px|thumb|right]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 613 || 602 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.5 || 34.4 || 2.9 || 4.2 || 1,800
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,100 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 669 || 641 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 30.7 || 32.0 || 11.7 || 6.5 || 1,800
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || 340 || ~1 || ~1
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 340 || < 350 || < 290 || > 400
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 9,720 m || 2,200 hp || 2,499 hp
|-

|}

====Engine performance====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine Name
! colspan="3" | Number present
|-
| colspan="3" | Wright R-3350-57 18-cylinder || 4
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine characteristics
|-
! colspan="2" | Weight (each)
! colspan="1" | Type
! colspan="1" | Cooling
|-
| colspan="2" | 1,251 kg || Radial || Air
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Stock)
|-
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| colspan="2" | 1,975 hp || colspan="2" | 2,276 hp
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Upgraded)
|-
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| colspan="2" | 2,200 hp || colspan="2" | 2,502 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 60 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilots.
* 6.5 mm Steel plates in front of the pilots.
* 6.5 mm Steel plates behind the pilots.
* 6.5 mm Steel plates in front of tail control tractions.
* 6.5 mm Steel plates boxing around rear dorsal gunner and beam gunners.
* 6.5 mm Steel plate behind the rear ventral gunner.
* 60 mm Bulletproof glass in front of tail gunner.
* 6.5 mm Steel plate in front of tail gunner.

The {{PAGENAME}} had to be judicious when it came to providing protecting armour for the aircrew at the sacrifice of additional fuel or ordnance. In fact, later models removed many of their defensive turrets in order to allow for more fuel and ordnance to be loaded. It is obvious that an aircraft this size will be a huge target for enemy fighters to attack with the nose section (''cockpit'') and the tail turret being the two most likely targets (''head-on attack and tail approach attack'') and thus both areas were outfitted with 60 mm bulletproof glass which helps against lower calibre weapons, however 20 mm and above make short work of the bulletproof glass. 6.5 mm steel plates are scattered around the aircraft to provide protection for both the crew members and some of the control surface linkages. Though not a stop-all invincible shield for the crew, it many instances it provided enough protection to allow crew members to survive and fight another day.

== Armaments ==
=== Suspended armament ===
[[File:B-29 meanswing 001.png|450px|thumb|right]]

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|AN-M66A2 (2,000 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* 20 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (10,000 lb total)
* 40 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (20,000 lb total)
* 18 x 1000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (18,000 lb total)
* 8 x 2000 lb AN-M66A2 bombs (16,000 lb total)
* Note: A nuclear payload is optional for the B-29 in Ground Arcade battles of BR 6.0 and higher. It will have 1 nuclear bomb and is attainable after reaching 20 kills in the match. However, the nuclear payload will not be available in Ground Realistic or Air battles as of Nov 18th, 2020

One might say the {{PAGENAME}} is effectively a dump truck which can dump a ton of explosives, no make that upwards of 10 tons of explosives upon enemy targets. Utilising speed at higher altitudes, it is the purpose of the Superfortress to race to an enemy base or ground targets and just rain down TNT. With three choices of bomb weights to choose from and four different configurations, there is no shortage of ways to destroy ground targets. The 1,000 lb and 2,000 lb bombs come in most handy for base bombing as they do the most amount of damage for the least amount of effort in a concentrated area. Area of denial is the speciality of the 500 lb bombs when used in carpet bombing operations. Carpet bombing is effectively laying down many of the 500 lb bombs at one time over an area where vehicles such as trucks, tanks and anti-aircraft vehicles or hardened structures such as pillboxes or anti-aircraft artillery may be located at. Since vehicles are on the move, dropping multiple bombs at a time making it more difficult for them to move out of the way and avoid the inbound ordnance.

With the {{PAGENAME}}, there is no real overkill with the bombs, which can make the Superfortress a prime target to be eliminated early as with upwards of 20,000 lbs in bombs, the {{PAGENAME}} can make short work of enemy bases and end the match earlier than most will expect.

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, tail turret (550 rpg = 1,100 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, rear ventral turret (575 rpg = 1,150 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, rear dorsal turret (500 rpg = 1,000 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, front ventral turret (500 rpg = 1,000 total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, front dorsal turret (400 rpg = 1,600 total)

The {{PAGENAME}} is defended by an impressive 12 x .50 calibre Browning machine guns rivalled only by the Blohm & Voss [[BV 238]], Tupolev [[Tu-4]], Consolidated [[PB4Y-2]] and [[B-24D-25-CO|B-24]] and the Boeing [[B-17 (Family)|B-17]]. Typically when bombers add more guns, they had to add more crew to operate them which increased the overall weight of the aircraft, though ensuring more protection, it also reduced the amount of fuel or bombs which could be carried.

As a historical note, the advent of early analogue computers which were outfitted on the {{PAGENAME}} and the state-of-the-art General Electric Central Fire Control System allowed for remote operation of both dorsal and both ventral turrets along with the tail gun if needed. The turrets could be linked through the fire control system and allow one gunner to operate multiple guns at one time. Simplifying this process and allowing gunners from just about anywhere on the aircraft to control the turrets reduced the number of crew members needed to operate the aircraft. Though four times the size of a B-25, the {{PAGENAME}} operated efficiently on the same amount of crew members, seven.

The computer-aided turrets allowed for more accuracy when firing and can train the guns in just about any direction needed to combat incoming fighters. The tail gunner position is especially deadly as a fighter perched on the tail will be flying into the oncoming bullets from the tail gun position, thereby taking more damage when hit and more likely to take on a critical hit or disabling blow. Though not totally invulnerable to the crafty fighter pilot, the {{PAGENAME}} in its own right is a porcupine with sharp quills pointing in all directions which will make it as difficult as possible for anyone to get past the defences.

==Usage in battles==


The ultimate strategic bomber for the [[:Category:USA_aircraft|USAF]]. Loaded up with eight metric tonnes (8 long tonnes) of bombs and twelve good ol' Browning heavy machine guns this is the ''Superfortress''! A wonderful advertising name, but don't be fooled, it is bigger than a barn and thus impossible to miss. Keep a safe distance from any hot combat zones. Your defensive turrets will not keep you safe, they will shred any foe getting close, but the B-29's enemies do not need too! So concentrate on what this plane is good at; delivering payload, and ''lots of it''.

Once your bombing run is complete, start descending towards your airfield; enemy fighters might be trying to find you so you should be even more alert now than before. The B-29 has one of the most powerful defensive systems installed on any bomber, so you should be able to defend yourself reasonably well unless it is a head-on attack where you will have very limited protection. You must also combine it with a defensive style of flying to utilise it to its full potential; the B-29 offers great handling for its size. Despite this, be very careful when you enter a dive. It is just as prone as any other aircraft to suffering structural damage if its limitations are exceeded.

Great defensive armament will destroy most enemies that do get close. Being able to point at least four fifty-calibre in every direction and about six to the six o'clock position will deal with any fighter quickly. But do not forget the size of the Fortress. Most of the enemies shells will hit some mark.

Of course, bomb load is very good with the B-29, with its historic performance as one of the best American bomber in service. Up to 8 x 2,000 lb could be carried in the bomb bay

;"Hit-and-Run" tactic

Another way the B-29 can be played is in a "hit and run" tactic. In BR 7.0, the {{PAGENAME}} will face mostly jets, so climbing to a very high altitude sometime wouldn't work because the jets will be able to catch up quickly. The "hit and run" tactic is very risky, but it can be very enjoyable, and if it works then you can end the game in 15 minutes. Since the match will start with the B-29 spawning in at about 4,500 meters (15,000 ft), go into a shallow dive and maintain speed about 450 km/h (270 mph). Dive towards an altitude of around 3,000 meters (9,842 ft) so that enemy anti-aircraft positions do not fire at the B-29, which may expose it to other enemy fighters. Do not head directly to an enemy base, instead go around 10-20 degrees off course towards the base direction so that the enemy can't easily find the B-29 from tracing a line between the friendly spawn point to their base. If present, use clouds to obscure the B-29's profile in the skies.

From here, the enemy jets' behavior will decide if this tactic will work or not. Typically, the enemy would be divided between the planes attacking ground targets at low altitude, far from a bomber's path to a base, or planes climbing to high altitudes for energy fighting and searching for high-altitude bombers. The intent of the dive to ~2,000 meters and the 450 km/h speed is to squeeze in between the ground attackers and interceptors and pass by undetected. If everything goes right, the B-29 should be able to reach its first base unimpeded without any fighters in pursuit, which can allow a B-29 the opportunity to knock out three or four bases before enemy fighters become alerted toward the B-29 precise location. From that point, the B-29 can either attempt to use the rest of its payload against the enemy airfield (unadvised as the low-altitude run exposes the B-29 to the anti-aircraft guns at the airfield) or return back to base triumphantly awaiting a bomb reload.

Due to this tactic hinging only on the success of slipping through the enemies undetected, this tactic should not be relied if there are no clouds for concealment, the match is an uptier against more advanced jets, or if the player is not able to sustain the repair costs of a damaged B-29.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" |Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair||Radiator
|
| Turret 12 mm||SBC-40
|-
| II
| ||Compressor
| Airframe
| ||
|-
| III
| Wings repair||Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs (turret)||MBC-12
|-
| IV
| ||Engine injection
| Cover
| ||LBC-8
|-
|}

===Pros and cons===
[[File:B-29 your jacket 001.jpg|450px|thumb|right|A Bf 109 attempts to take on a '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]


'''Pros:'''

* Second heaviest payload in War Thunder next to the Soviet [[Tu-4]]
* Stock bomb load is able to destroy bases with one payload in arcade and up to two bases in realistic/simulatory battles
* Can be difficult for fighters to reach same cruising altitude, even for jets
* Effective defensive turrets which virtually have no blind spots
* Fast for its size
* Virtually immune to small arms machine gunfire
* Receives air start after repairing/rearming in an airfield
* All payload options are internal and have next to no effect on flight performance
* Gunners are located separately from the gun turret (remote-controlled turrets) with the exception of the tail turret
* Can easily win a match if allowed to reach optimal bombing altitude

[[File:B-29 kohler 001.png|450px|thumb|right|]]
'''Cons:'''

* Easily susceptible to damage from autocannons larger than 20 mm especially the [[MK 108 (30 mm)|MK 108]]
* Unable to reliably defend itself from multiple opponents attacking at once from multiple directions
* Big size, can easily be spotted from long distances, especially with skilled crews
* Has a low dive top-speed
* As with all heavy bombers, it lacks the ability to manoeuvre well
* Takes a while to reach an optimal altitude
* Landing gear takes a long time to deploy and retract
* Wings are considered weak spots
* Will face jets most of the time
* Very high repair cost
* Low flap deployment max speed

== History ==


The B-29 was one of the largest aircraft used during World War II. It was exclusively used in the Pacific Theatre during the war and participated in bombing raids on multiple islands in the Pacific war. The B-29 became the world's first and only nuclear-capable bomber to deliver weapons during wartime when on August 6th, 1945 the B-29 ''Enola Gay'' dropped the atomic bomb known as "Little Boy" on Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later, the B-29 ''Bockscar'' dropped the second atomic bomb "Fat Man" on Nagasaki, Japan.

During the Second World War, its only area of operations was the Pacific Theater specifically targeting the Japanese mainland. It also saw combat service in the Korean War a small group of loaned aircraft were evaluated by the R.A.F during the early 1950's as well. In British service, they were known as the “Washington B Mk. 1”.

During World War 2, the B-29 completed over 20,000 sorties with an estimated 180,000 tons of bombs dropped, as well as two atomic bombs. A total number of 3,970 were built and delivered to the USAAF. Perhaps the most famous “copy” of the war was the Tu-4. Although outwardly looking identical, this Soviet “B-29” was converted to metric making it unique. Other aircraft derived from the B-29 include the B-50, C-97, KC-97, 377 Stratocruiser, and NASA’s own Guppy cargo carriers.<ref name="Vehicle Profile WT forum">Excerpts from [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/292156-profile-b-29-superfortress/ 'Profile' B-29 Superfortress], no Author mentioned.</ref>

The B-29 post-war also helped in the scientific, research, and development fields. They would play a key role in hurricane hunting and storm chasing which allowed it to collect key information about storm patterns, and helped to improve and to develop new radar systems such as the “sun tracker”. It was also the aircraft that carried the supersonic test aircraft Bell X-1 into the air. The last American B-29 squadron was retired in the 1960s. Today one called “Fifi” still flies at air show circuits. It was joined by another named “Doc” in 2016.<ref name="Vehicle Profile WT forum" />
[[File:B-29 tay777 001.png|550px|thumb|center|]]
=== In-game description ===
"An all-metal monoplane with a retractable landing gear system including a nosewheel. The crew consisted of 14 persons. Distinctive features of the Superfortress included a pressurized cockpit for the crew and a Central Fire Control system for the defensive armament.

The B-29 (Model 345) was developed by the Boeing Aircraft design department in early 1940. The XB-29 prototype model performed its maiden flight on September 21, 1942. Full-scale production of the aircraft was started in June 1943.

В-29s had Wright R-3350-23 eighteen-cylinder, radial air-cooled engines producing a maximum power of 2,200 hp, with four-bladed automatic propellers.

The defensive armament of the Superfortress included four remotely controlled turrets: two below the fuselage and two above. Each turret housed two 12.7 mm Colt-Browning M2.5 machine guns with 500-1,000 rounds each. Some aircraft had an upper front turret equipped with four machine guns. All weapons were aimed at the target from three sighting stations located in blisters and from the bombardier's station.

Three armament options were available for the rear mount, controlled by an independent air gunner: a 20 mm Hispano-Bendix AN-M2 cannon and two 12.7 mm Colt-Browning M2.5 machine guns, three 12.7 mm machine guns, or two 12.7 mm machine guns.

A bomb load of up to 9,000 kg was housed in two bomb bays, where cluster racks were mounted.

The B-29 was equipped with a large amount of radio equipment for various purposes. Its large bomb capacity, powerful and effective defensive armament, and state-of-the-art equipment would have turned the Superfortress into the best heavy bomber of World War II if not for engine breakdowns that continually plagued the aircraft. For one whole year, up to the middle of 1944, the bomber's performance was hampered by a high accident rate. It was only by the end of the summer of 1944 that efforts to improve the fire-prone engines were relatively successful, but the problem was never entirely eradicated.

B-29s were used exclusively in the Pacific theater of the war. Superfortresses were used in combat for the first time on June 5, 1944 during the raid on Bangkok. On June 14, 1944, American bombers attacked the territory of Japan for the first time. Military and industrial facilities in Sasebo, Nagasaki, Omura and Yawata were regularly attacked. In August 1944, B-29s began to bomb oil refineries on the island of Sumatra.

The B-29s were flown out of China until December 1944, when they were relocated to India. Their targets were docks in Singapore, ports in Indochina, and rail junctions in Burma. В-29s also mined rivers in China and the coastal waters of Vietnam and Malaya from the air.

In October 1944, B-29s began carrying out massive attacks on Japan from the Mariana Islands. During the war, these aircraft dropped 54,917 tons of high-explosive bombs and 109,068 tons of incendiary bombs on Japan and delivered 12,000 naval mines. The В-29 became the world's first nuclear weapon carrier when it dropped nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

From 1950-53, B-29 bombers took part in the Korean War. From 1950-55, the aircraft was operated by the RAF Bomber Command under the designation ""Washington B.1.""

A total of 3,947 В-29s were manufactured, including all variants. The plane was withdrawn from service as a bomber with the USA in late 1954."

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=heavy_bomber&vehicle=b-29 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:B-29 kawashima momo 002.png|thumb|none|300px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:B-29 th fegel team 001.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:B-29 kawashima momo 003.png|thumb|none|300px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|3Ut75XHCWgk|'''War Thunder Realistic: B-29A-BN Superfortress [Grace]''' - ''Jengar''|iJhLf-SOVIc|'''War Thunder B-29 SuperFortress Bomber Gameplay''' - ''BaronVonGamez''|gxIVvUZGptw|'''The Shooting Range #51''' - ''Special'' section at 00:29 discusses the B-29 & Tu-4.|8Yewf7LXfUU|'''WT - B-29 - Punished for not Scumbagging''' - ''NapalmRatte''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Tupolev [[Tu-4]] (unauthorized reverse-engineered copy of the B-29)
* Avro [[Lincoln B Mk II]]
* Nakajima [[G8N1]]
* Messerschmitt [[Me 264]]

== External links ==


* [http://warthunder.com/en/news/3507/current/ [Profile<nowiki>]</nowiki> B-29 Superfortress]
* [[Wikipedia:Boeing_B-29_Superfortress|[Wikipedia] B-29 Superfortress]]
* [https://www.boeing.com/history/products/b-29-superfortress.page [Boeing.com<nowiki>]</nowiki> B-29 Superfortress History Page]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=82 [Militaryfactory.com<nowiki>]</nowiki> Boeing B-29 Superfortress - Strategic High-Altitude Long-Range Heavy Bomber Aircraft]
* [https://www.warhistoryonline.com/military-vehicle-news/hero-soviet-union-japanese.html [Warhistoryonline.com<nowiki>]</nowiki> Futuristic Cannons of B-29 Superfortress: Ahead and Behind the Times]

=== References ===
<references />

{{AirManufacturer Boeing}}
{{USA bombers}}

Leopard A1A1

2020-11-02T23:59:12Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_leopard_I_a1}}
{{About
| about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other versions
| link-1 = Leopard 1 (Family)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = Leopard (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_LeopardA1A1.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (also known as the '''1A1A1''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. The Leopard A1A1 represents a significant improvement over the [[Leopard I|original Leopard design]], most notably the inclusion of a two-plane stabiliser system and the availability of the DM23 APFSDS round.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

[[File:Leo A1A1 Armour Heatmap.png|thumb|Leopard A1A1 armour heatmap]]
The Leopard A1A1's armour, much like its predecessor, is relatively negligible: designed with the intention of mobility and firepower over survivability, the Leopard will survive hits from little more than 20 mm cannons frontally, and full-calibre rounds will have no trouble penetrating it. As such, the Leopard's armour shouldn't be relied on, even when combating light vehicles such as the [[M3 Bradley]] or [[Warrior]] IFVs. Notably, the Leopard A1A1's light armour often results in kinetic rounds penetrating the vehicle without significant damage being caused, allowing it surprising survivability against rounds such as APFSDS. It is, however, particularly vulnerable to chemical or HE-filled rounds. The A1A1 does utilise some add-on armour in locations (noticeable on the UFP and the gun mantlet) which slightly increases its survivability against some autocannons.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (50°) ''Bottom glacis'' || 35 (39-41°) mm ''Top hull side'' 30 + 5 mm ''Bottom hull side'' || 25 mm (14-48°) || 30 mm ''Front area'' 15 mm ''Rear area''
|-
| Turret || 65 + 35 mm ''Turret front'' 45-200 + 35 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 37-45 + 10-20 mm || 38-52 + 10 mm || 25-35 mm ''Turret roof'' 20 mm ''Cupola area''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* The turret mantlet has a varying thickness of 45 - 200 mm thick. It is thickest near the center.
* 20 mm of track armour added onto front hull glacis
* Additional spaced armour is added to the turret, 35 mm on the front and 20 to 10 mm on the sides and rear
* Hull roof is rated to be 54 mm effective against HE.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

The {{PAGENAME}}, while somewhat heavier than its predecessor, still displays reasonably good mobility with a power to weight ratio of 19.57 when upgraded. Despite this, it will regularly face faster competitors - of note, the [[XM-1 (GM)]] and the [[OF-40 (MTCA)]]. The mobility should not be overestimated - but it often is acceptable for flanking manoeuvres or quickly moving into advantageous positions.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|L7A3 (105 mm)}}

The Leopard A1A1 mounts a late-generation L7 cannon. Unlike the original Leopard, the cannon is fully stabilised and can be comfortably used on the move, and negates the requirement of waiting for the gun 'bounce' when stopping. The A1A1 also has the optional DM23 APFSDS available as a tier 4 upgrade, with improved penetration values and ballistics. These combined make the Leopard a tank to be reckoned with.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L7A3 (105 mm)|105 mm L7A3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.46 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.60 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''DM13 ''APDS''''' (Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot) is capable of penetrating the majority of the foes it meets, but these rounds do require finesse as to their placing. Because the shell lacks an explosive filler, your best bet is to try and either knock out the majority of the enemy tank's crew or to destroy the enemy by ammo or fuel detonation through hitting their respective storage capacities. Keep in mind though that ammo and fuel detonations always occur with a random chance, taking out crew members is more reliable to destroy your enemies. This, of course, requires knowledge about the vehicles you may face - so be sure to use the game's X-Ray view in the hangar and analyse your potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the amount of shrapnel shrinks.

* '''DM502 ''HESH''''' (High-Explosive Squash-Head) works very differently to other shell types. It ignores any angle, except for ricochet, and deals damage by metal-flakes which are blown off inside the armour by the exterior explosion. To create this deadly shrapnel inside the tank, make sure to only hit armour plates which are a direct part of the interior crew compartment of the tank. Hitting exterior parts of a tank like spaced armour, the suspension, tracks etc. will not harm crew members/modules at all. Currently, only true armour thickness (as opposed to the line of sight thickness) will provide sufficient means of protection, benefitting the USSR turret designs and in general German tanks. Like all high-explosive shells, the fuse is very sensitive and can be set-off by most objects e.g. fences, trees, pillars. The slow muzzle velocity of this shell can make it quite hard to hit targets at longer distances, but at the same time it can be handy because its arc trajectory, allows it to land hits on enemies hiding behind shallow hills.

* '''DM12 ''HEATFS''''' (High-Explosive Anti Tank Fin Stabilized): Knowledge of potential opponents vehicle layouts will be very handy to use - as you now have a round at your disposal that can penetrate any vehicle's armour frontally. Like the APDS shot, increased armour thickness results in reduced amount of spalling (shrapnel) after penetration. You are able to take out enemies on any distance, since the HEAT round does not lose penetration with distance travelled - very handy on large maps like Kursk. Unlike APDS it has one downside: given that it is a chemical round, its fuse is highly sensitive in regards to its practical application in battle. As a result, virtually anything, such as trees or even a fence, will set it off prematurely, so you cannot fire through obstructions with this kind of round.

* '''DM 23 ''APFSDS''''' (Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot) is the best ammunition choice for the battle rating. It has great muzzle velocity and can penetrate almost every opponent frontally with ease, with the [[T-64B]] and [[IS-7]] being the exceptions.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM13 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM13 || APDS || 1,478 || 4.00 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.50 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || 57 ''(+3)'' || 54 ''(+6)'' || 15 ''(+45)'' || 4 ''(+56)'' || 1 ''(+59)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} mounts one coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and one pintle-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun. These both have particularly high rates of fire, and can be used as a deterrent for close air support as well as clearing light obstacles and crew in open-top vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The recommended usage is the Hit and Run tactic. Try to avoid detection.

Scan and use the terrain to your advantage. Take into consideration the moderate vehicle height, which allows you to go turret down in certain locations, allowing you to safely use your commander's binoculars to locate targets! Then, after you have located the enemy, fire a few rounds in quick succession and relocate when spotted, especially when the enemy shots come dangerously close. The Leopard is quite fast, so taking hits from a distance while on the move is a risk that you may consider worth taking.

Always remember: The Leopard is not designed to take hits from large calibre guns, nor fight in stand-off situations against heavier enemy vehicles. Frontally, the angle of the hull can bounce shots once in awhile, but you're better off not to rely on this. The turret front is also the same, it's best to attempt to only fire when you can avoid receiving a shot or relocating to a position if possible. The main goal is to make the opponent incapable of returning fire. The majority of Soviet rank V tanks ([[IS-3]], [[IS-4M]], [[T-10M]], [[T-54 (1951)|T-54s]], [[SU-122-54]], [[T-62]] or [[ZSU-57-2]]) gunners are disabled by penetrating the right side of the turret or hull, if they are faced towards you. If you have the possibility to hit a Soviet tanks hull, which is again faced towards you, prioritize it because it is likely to take it out with one shot to the right side of the hull (3 out of 4 crew member are sitting in a row). American top tier tanks like the [[M103]], [[M47]] or [[M60]] are harder to take out. It is advised to take out the gunner first, which is located on the left side of the turret and then take out the rest of the remaining crew members. Hitting the ammo rack of your opponent is often the fastest way to take out an enemy vehicle, keep in mind though there is a small chance the ammo will not blow up (Best ammo types to ammo rack: HEAT-FS > APDS > HESH).

Sometimes moving is not an option, but remember, directly behind your hull front sits a large portion of your ammunition, at least if you're fully loaded. Always have that in mind when positioning yourself against the enemy - and don't forget that you don't have to stack all of your ammunition racks to their maximum capacity! Sometimes it can be wise to take less ammunition with you, as it will increase your survivability when taking hits - especially with the Leopard. The Leopard's worst nemeses are the [[ZSU-57-2]] and the [[IT-1]]. The ZSU-57-2 can be easily killed if hitting one of the many ammo racks in the big turret, which most often leads to an explosion of the whole tank. The IT-1 on the other hand can be quite hard to deal with, since they are able to operate perfectly hull down only exposing the roof mounted ATGM. Hitting (only black damage status counts, red damage does not prevent from firing ATGM) the rocket mount/cannon barrel forces the IT-1 to repair for a whole 27 seconds (maxed out + expert crew). To perform a full 360° turn use the neutral (N) or third (3) gear (~11 sec).

''In a nutshell:'' Use the superb mobility with the cannon's perfection to flank and spank enemies, wait and hunt for the perfect positions and kill the enemy tanks one by one, while always maintaining a good situational awareness. Patience is the key to success. That is the Leopard 1, a perfect tactical MBT!

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| DM502
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| DM12
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| Smoke grenade
| NVD
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| DM23
| Rangefinder
|-
|}

After the Parts and FPE modules are researched, the NVD modification and the DM23 are the priority for research. These drastically improve the Leopard's lethality. After that, the Rangefinder module may be useful for those looking for a long-range sniping play-style. The Smoke grenade module and mobility upgrades are useful in a more close-up play-style.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast, agile, and a relatively good acceleration
* Very efficient and flat-shooting DM23 APFSDS shell
* Good optics providing a nice zoom for longer distances
* Wide gun depression and elevation, good slew and elevation rates
* Better fire on the move accuracy due to its good stabilizer
* Side skirts provide additional spaced armour, which protects against HESH shells as well as some heavier MG/autocannon fire, and can help bounce bigger shells

'''Cons:'''

* Extra armour increases weight - slightly reducing mobility
* Insufficient armour (basically a glass cannon) for protection
* APFSDS is tier 4 modification - there is a long grind with APDS and HEATFS before it is unlocked
* Ammo rack in the front - a very easy target, and if more ammo than minimum is carried, the tank will blow up once the ammo is struck
* No available heavy machine gun, often helpless against helicopter attacks
* Small internal compartment (only 4 crew members) - a penetrating hit, which happens more often than a nonpenetrating one, can easily disable the tank by killing three crew members
* Stock APDS is rather lacklustre, especially against angled Soviet armour
* Bad gun elevation speed

== History ==


===Development===
The project for the Leopard started as far back as 1956 as an attempt to replace the American [[M47]] and [[M48A1|M48 Patton]] tanks in service at the time as they were becoming outdated to newer anti-tank technology. Specifications for the new tank came in July 1957 asking for a design weighing no more than 30 tons, with a power-to-weight ratio of 30 horsepower per ton and could withstand 20 mm gunfire alongside protection against chemical weapons and radiation fallout, which was becoming extremely common protection system for the modern tank designs. The design stressed mobility as the main focus, while firepower comes next and armour was relegated to minimum priority. The lack of focus on armour was because of the belief that no matter how much armour a tank can have, it will eventually fall obsolete to the advent of newer anti-tank weapons such as the HEAT rounds, which was becoming stronger and stronger by the years.

In the initial stages of development, France, and West Germany, interested in this tank design, worked on it from 1957 to build a common tank and the project was designated the ''Europa-Panzer''. France had AMX, SLD Lorraine, and SOMUA with FCM Renault working on the project, while Germany had Porsche, Rheinmetall with Henschel, and Borgward working on the project. In 1958, Italy entered into the development as well, though it's not sure if they provided much to the program. By 1960, Porsche and Rheinmetall had prototypes submitted, as well as AMX from France, all the others failed to provide a prototype in time. In 1963, the Porsche prototype was selected as the winner in 1963, though even before this decision the vehicle already has priority in being built in greater number than the others. Though a tank is set, France and Germany split in the joint tank project in 1963 after France opted out of standardization with the NATO forces. This left Germany alone with their Leopard tank development, which they continued.

The Porsche Prototype II was well received, though changes were made to the design such as a new cast turret, hull design change, and relocating the radiators. The tank now mounted the 105mm L7 gun over the Rheinmetall design, as well as adding an optical range-finding system for increased gunnery. The design finished trials by the end of 1963 and production started in Munich in February 1964. The first batches began arriving to the Bundeswehr (German Army) in September of 1965 and were put into units by November of that same year. The tank was finally designated the '''Leopard 1''', with the prototype stage labelled as the ''[[Leopard I|Leopard 1A0]]''.

===Usage===
After the first delivery, many upgrades were made on the tank throughout its production and service life. The first few Leopards were designated ''Leopard 1A1'' and continued all the way to ''Leopard 1A6'' as it incorporates new technology such as sights, gun, radios, armour, or even small upgrades or redesigns on some parts. Some of these Leopards are even upgraded further in each variant form, for example, the '''Leopard 1A1A1''' which had it fitted with new turret armour and night sights. Other than the different variants, the Leopard 1 was also extensively modified or made into derivatives in roles such as anti-aircraft guns, armour recovery vehicles, bridge layers, and such.

The versatility of the Leopard 1 design and its rather cheap cost in comparison to other tanks at the time made it a useful tank and it was sought out by many different countries in and out of the NATO force group. These countries put them into service in the conflict, such as Denmark, which is believed to be the first country to use the Leopard 1 in hostile engagement, when going against Bosnian Serb forces. Canada also used the Leopard 1 extensively in the War in Afghanistan in 2006 as convoy protection units. Greece also had Leopard 1s and is the largest user of it, with over 500 units of ''Leopard 1A5s'' in service.

The Leopard 1 versatility and widespread use compared to other tanks in the NATO service made it a very useful weapon system for armies that couldn't afford the new American Pattons or Abrams tanks or the British Challengers and [[Chieftain Mk 3|Chieftains]]. The Leopard 1 in German service was eventually replaced by the Leopard 2 design, which entered into service in 1979 as the main battle tank with better armour and better gun compared to the Leopard 1, fully replacing it in 2003. Other countries followed suit by upgrading their tanks to either the Leopard 2, the American M1 Abrams, or their own domestic tank designs. The vehicle in its various modernized forms are still operated by third parties such as Canada, Brazil, Turkey, and Greece. Some are kept in reserve in Chile and Ecuador due to their light frames and ease of use in soft soils like in the jungles in their countries.

== Media ==


;Images

[[File:LeopardA1A1 BundeswehrNATOcamo.jpg|x250px|thumbnail|none| The Leopard A1A1 with NATO woodland camouflage and Bundeswehr emblem.]]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|be_H5-0xhiM|A Leopard A1A1 at Militracks on the move}}

== See also ==


* [[Leopard A1A1 (L/44)]] - premium version of the vehicle

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4233-development-leopard-a1a1-modernized-blitzkrieg-en/|[Devblog] Leopard A1A1 - Modernized Blitzkrieg]]
* [http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product152.html [Army-Guide.com<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 1 overview page]

{{Germany medium tanks}}

Sd.Kfz.251/10

2020-10-14T23:03:58Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_sdkfz_251_10}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Raining Fire"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6878-event-wargame-strategist-en|2020 Wargame "Strategist" event]].

The mittlere Schützenpanzerwagen (3.7cm Pak) (Sd. Kfz. 251/10) was used as platoon leader's vehicle. Light armoured vehicles and slightly fortified positions could be fought effectively with the 3.7cm Pak 35/36. The first testing vehicle was available in May 1941. Serial production started in July 1941. The gunsight and the hand wheels were fitted in a much lower position so a new much lower armour shield could be used which provided protection only to the gunner.

After introduction of the m. SPW (3.7cm Pak) Sd. Kfz. 251/10 in 1941, many older vehicles of the A, B and (very rarely) C were retrofitted with standard 3.7cm Pak 35/36 guns. Most often, the high standard armour shield of the 3.7cm Pak 35/36 was maintained but some units modified the gun shield to lower the silhouette of the vehicle

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Engine Roof
|-
| Hull || 14 mm || 8 mm || 8 mm || 8 mm
|-
| Turret || 6 mm || 0 mm || 0 mm ||
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 7 mm thick.
* Chassis is 10 mm thick
* Belly armour is 5.5 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=142|rbMinHp=88}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|PaK L/45 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK L/45 (37 mm)|37 mm PaK L/45]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 168 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±30° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 17.6 || 24.3 || 29.6 || 32.7 || 34.8 || rowspan="2" | 3.5 || rowspan="2" | 3.1 || rowspan="2" | 2.9 || rowspan="2" | 2.7
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| PzGr || APHE || 47 || 44 || 31 || 21 || 14 || 9
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 86 || 77 || 47 || 26 || 14 || 8
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| PzGr || APHE || 745 || 0.69 || 1.2 || 9 || 22.1 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 1,020 || 0.37 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''168''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Shells in the racks disappear per 4 shells

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| PzGr 40
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="6" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Thin armor, doesn't trigger most APHE rounds fired at it.
* Relatively punchy APCR round and high-velocity

*

'''Cons:'''

* Relatively bad mobility, especially in mud and snow
* Very thin armor, can't block heavy machine gun fire
* Open top, weak against planes and machine guns
* APCR can be a little underwhelming at medium/long ranges
* Best shell is APCR
* Gunshield doesn't do a good job at protecting the gunner

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank destroyers}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

M4 748 (a) (Germany)

2020-10-03T17:29:38Z

U88392144: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m4a2_1944_germ}}
{{About
| about = captured American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M4 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M4 748(a).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was available only for [[wt:en/news/356/current/|pre-order]] during the Closed Beta Test of Ground Forces during the period before [[Update 1.41]]. 500 units were also for sale during the [[wt:en/news/5079-special-hurry-up-and-get-rare-packs-en|5th Anniversary event]], which sold out within a few hours. 2,020 units went on sale for the 30 years of German unification event, also selling out in a few hours. It represented a captured [[M4A2|M4A2 Sherman]] in Wehrmacht service and was the first Sherman to be implemented in the game. Unfortunately, it is currently impossible for a new War Thunder player to acquire this rare tank. On October 3rd 2020, the M4 748(a) became available for limited numbers for the 30th anniversary of the German Unity Day. The M4 748(a) was put in a $60 premium pack with 2,000 golden eagles and premium account.

The M4 748(a) plays like any other M4 Sherman as a mobile tank with adequate armour and gun. While its frontal armour and gun may not be up for the tasks against its contemporaries at its battle rating, the M4's mobility allows the M4 to get around the front line to capture the objective or hit the enemy in the sides. Though, if the heavy manoeuvring is not preferable, the M4 can also perform well as a supporting tank by backing up a more powerful tank to overwhelm a small enemy group.

Visually, the M4 748(a) is identical to the [[M4A2|M4A2 Sherman]]. The only big distinctive feature of the M4 748(a) is the paint coat on the tank, which is a combination of the yellow ''dunkelgelb'', red-brown ''rotbraun'', and green ''olivgrün'', in a manner similar to the default scheme of the [[Panther G|Panther G]].

Features on the M4 748(a) are shared with its counterpart with a 47° front armour plate with a one-piece transmission housing. The turret features the M34A1 gun mount with the 75 mm M3 gun, the mount specified for a telescopic and periscopic scope. Unlike the [[M4|M4 Sherman model]] that has the same gun mount, the right turret side does not have a welded piece of applique armour, allowing for a more sloped contour on the 76 mm turret armour. The turret top features a spotlight on the front loader's position with his oval hatch while the commander has a usual split hatch with an M2 Browning machine gun for him to use.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 63.5 mm (47°) ''Front glacis'' 51-108 mm (12-56°) ''Transmission housing'' || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm (7-10°) || 19.5 mm
|-
| Turret || 76 mm (3-65°) ''Turret front'' 89 + 51 mm (2-62°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 51 mm (2-64°) || 51 mm (2-60°) || 19.5 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 51 mm || 19.5 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, the bogies are 10 mm, and the tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Small applique armour are placed on the side hull armour over ammunition that gives an extra 25.4 mm.
* Belly armour is 19.5 mm thick, though the tip near the transmission is 38.1 mm thick.
* Hull underside over tracks is 9.5 mm thick.
* A 9.5 mm RHA plate separates the engine compartment from the crew compartment.
* A small patch on the turret front right side is thinner (50.8 mm) than the rest (76.2 mm).

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 635|rbMinHp= 363|AoAweight= 1.15}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M3 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm M3]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer

|-
| colspan="3" | 97 || -10°/+25° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' ||22.85||31.62||38.40||42.47||45.18
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.4 || 22.60 || 24.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 6.50 || 5.75 || 5.30 || 5.00
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M72 shot || AP ||90||88||78||67||57||49
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| M61 shot || APCBC ||103||101||90||78||68|| 59
|-
| T45 shot || APCR || 143 || 137 || 127 || 106 || 86 || 70
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 619 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 463 || 6.3 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 666 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M61 shot || APCBC || 618 || 6.8 || 1.2 || 20 || 63.7 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T45 shot || APCR || 868 || 3.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| M89 || 259 || 3 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''97''' || 91 ''(+6)'' || 88 ''(+9)'' || 86 ''(+11)'' || 78 ''(+19)'' || 63 ''(+34)'' || 46 ''(+51)'' || 31 ''(+66)'' || 1 ''(+96)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks M4.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the M4 Sherman.]]
Notes:

* To go into battle with the turret basket empty of ammo, pack 78 ''(+19)'' shells (racks 1 to 4 emptied).
* To go into battle with the turret basket and the flanks empty of ammo, pack 31 ''(+66)'' shells (Racks 1 to 7 empty).
* The 8th rack is large and located at a a weak spot: the bottom section of the armor. In case of penetration, there is a high risk of ammo rack detonation. Make sure not to expose your flanks unnecessarily.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 300 (200) || 577 || -10°/+25° || ±60°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The M4 748(a) is a very versatile weapons platform that can be used in multiple roles and tactics. It can use its decent armour and gun to support friendlies against enemies, use its mobility to outmanoeuvre and exploit undefended location to reach an unsuspecting area, and a combination of the traits to deal with its contemporary medium tanks with the 75 mm gun with its APCBC and APCR ammunition.

While most tanks in the BR range of the M4 748(a) are quite capable of destroying the tank through the front, the most worrisome tanks are those that are quite immune to the 75 mm gun on the M4. APCR ammunition is given to the 75 mm gun, but its poor slope characteristics still make it situational ammunition than a universal tank annihilator. As such, exploiting side armour and general weak points of opposing tanks are still a must.

:'''Exploitation''' 

The M4 748(a) tank's mobility can be used to travel the distance on the battlefield in a satisfactory fashion. As the M4 748(a) cannot stand against the more heavily armoured and armed enemies at the higher BR range, a manoeuvre around the enemy force or in a location prime for an ambush location can allow the M4 Sherman to damage or destroy enemy tanks. The engine power allows the M4 to travel across rough terrain to get to its destination. The only drawback in this action would be an unexpected encounter with another enemy trying the same manoeuvre, which would be an enemy tank class of equal to the M4 or lower so a good engagement against them could let the M4 continue its merry way.

:'''Supporting''' 

There are many instances on a War Thunder battlefield where two opposing tanks face off against each other on a corner of cover, waiting for the other to pop out so it can deal a crippling blow with its gun or waiting for the other to prematurely fire so it can advance unhindered to a prime firing location. The M4 748(a) can alleviate this problem by giving the friendly tank additional support. In this scenario, go around the enemy through another angle while the teammate keeps the enemy busy. This way, the M4 can go around and prepare itself for a firing solution on the enemy tank. This will either end with 1) a successful out-manoeuvre and the M4 landing a shot on the enemy's side and weak point while it was preoccupied with the ally, or 2) the tank is forced to turn its attention to the M4, leaving allies able to advance and do the same to get on the enemy's side.

On a larger battle scale with multiple allies and enemies, work in cohesion with the others behind the front lines as the allies absorb most of the enemy shots, allowing the M4 to line a perfect shot on a spent enemy to land a penetrating shot into the hull and knocking out the crew. Always aim for a crippling or defeating blow so that the enemy tank will not be an immediate threat to the rest of the team while it repairs or replenishes.

:'''Capturing the Objective''' 

While not as fast as some of the lighter tanks at the BR, the M4 748(a)'s upgraded mobility makes it usable as a vehicle to run towards the objective and capture the zone. It has the decent firepower and armour to handle enemy light tanks that are expected to also rush towards points, and so it could last for some time capturing and defending the zones. However, once heavier tanks and contemporary medium tanks start arriving in droves, it is recommended to start withdrawing from the position or else the M4 will be overwhelmed and destroyed at the first priority due to being an easy target, even if allies are present to support the M4 on the position.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[M4A2]] / [[M4A4 (1st PTG)|A4]]: These Sherman tanks are widely used by over three nations that spread across both the Allied and the Axis side, so no matter which nation is being played they can be quite tough to destroy in the hands of a skilled tanker. Given the rather weak penetration of the short 75 mm M3 gun, their hull can be almost impossible to penetrate when angled, hull down or 300 metres away. For a M4A4, there are 2 apparent bulges on the upper front plate, a penetration through there is a guaranteed knock-out most of the times. But in case the opponent covers them up or when it's an M4A2, aim for the middle parts of the gun mantlet or the turret armor unprotected by the mantlet to try and disable their gun or penetrate and take out the turret crew. Note that their guns are equally weak against another Sherman, so wiggle around to disrupt their aim while reloading to allow a good chance of bouncing some shells.
* [[Churchill Mk I]], [[Churchill Mk III]]: The Churchills, with their complex hulls and sturdy turrets, can be quite hard to penetrate at range. Maneuver as close to them as possible, the ideal distance being no more than 200 metres. If they are angling their hull but facing their turret towards the M4 748 (a), only go for the turret. For the Churchill Mk I s, aim at the near-vertical part of their rounded cheeks to ensure successful penetrations. For the Mk III, also aim for their flat turret which is at most 89 mm thick. The shell should go in easily and knock out most, if not all of the crew. Only when the Churchill's hull is facing towards the player without any angling should there be an attempt to shoot the hull, otherwise shoot the turret only, as their big tracks can easily get in front of the frontal hull and spoil a shot. The side hull have multiple layers of armor, some of which are weirdly angled and can absorb plenty of shells.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Excellent gun depression of -10° plus the angled frontal turret allows it to utilise hills very well
* Great penetration and post-penetration damage when using M61 shells; can frontally penetrate and one-shot most opponents like the [[T-34 (Family)|T-34,]] Crusader, [[M4]] and others
* Vertical stabiliser allows it to fire on the move, or, in a sudden encounter, fire before the enemy which is critical
* Well angled frontal armour; when angling the hull it can deflect some low calibre / low-penetrating shells like the Stuarts' 37 mm, 75 mm M1, 76 mm F-34 / Zis-5 and others
* Adequate top speed allows it to get to positions in time, or to do tactical manoeuvres like flanking
* Rather fast reload speed for follow up shots
* Plenty of reserve ammunition for prolonged fighting without replenishing at captured points
* Due to it being a part of the German tech tree, will not have to face the long barrel 75 mm (RB/SB) which increases its survivability quite a bit
* Inexperienced players might mistake it for an allied Sherman, especially in RB and SB

'''Cons:'''

* Large profile and weak side armour; flankers like the M24 Chaffee can easily see and penetrate it
* Frontal armour is still inadequate, will get frontally penetrated and one-shot by tanks like Achilles, [[M10 (Family)|M10]] and T-34-57
* The best M61 shell struggles to penetrate heavy targets like [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)]], Churchill Mk.III or even the T-34 and M10 when angled
* Trajectory is curved and velocity is low due to its short barrel, thus distant/moving targets are hard to shoot at
* Hull traverse is quite slow, making it sluggish in a turn
* Roof armour of 19.5 mm thick is vulnerable to airstrikes with AP cannons. For example the widely used [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]]

== History ==


===Captured equipment===
In the midst of the battlefield in World War II, wreckage and broken down equipment are often left behind by the army on the field due to either the inability to recover them or they are no longer operable. This equipment, if salvageable, are often taken by the occupiers and used for their own purposes. The Allies mostly captured German vehicles for use in gun tests and target practice, with the Soviets going as far as fielding captured tanks in their own ranks such as the [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]] as the [[T-III (USSR)|T-III]]. The German forces also captured Allied tanks as well, mostly fielding them in the Panzer forces to supplement the growing attrition of their armoured forces. The [[M4A2|M4 Sherman]], one of the most common tanks in the Allied forces, was often captured and fielded by the German forces. The fielded Shermans in the German army was given the designation '''M4-748(a)'''.

===Combat usage===
It is unknown exactly how many Shermans have been captured and used by the German forces during World War II, but the German-captured Shermans have been documented in the battlefields of Tunisia, Italy, France, Soviet Union, and in Germany itself in the last days of the war. The Shermans were reported to be used in the 14th Panzer Division, 16th Panzer Division, Fallschirmjäger Division, and Kampfgruppe Berlin. When used by the Germans, the Shermans were often painted with ''Balkenkreuz'' cross symbol of the Wehrmacht to distinguish between friend and foe.

The German captured M4 Sherman's most notable combat performance was in the Ardennes Offensive in December 1944, the Baltic Offensive against the Soviet Union in late 1944, and the Battle of Berlin. The Shermans were also reported to play a role as armour-recovery vehicles rather than tanks due to Sherman's great power-to-weight ratio and reliable design that allows for the ability to tow the heavier German vehicles reliably.

=== In-game description ===
The American M4A2 medium tank is a variant of the M4 with a diesel engine. In April 1942, the first M4A2 prototype was tested, and the tank was put into production. The tank had a welded hull. A low-speed diesel engine gave the M4A2 good cross-country ability and a much larger maximum range than tanks with gasoline engines.
A total of 8053 of these tanks were built. About 2000 of them were delivered to the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease program.

This vehicle was actively used in combat operations on the Eastern Front. Sometimes, entire tank battalions were made up of this tank.
Captured serviceable tanks were used by the Wehrmacht as subdivision command vehicles and sometimes even full-fledged combat vehicles. Captured M4A2 tanks served with the self-propelled artillery regiment of the 14th Armored Division of the Wehrmacht and with the 15th Parachute Division of the Luftwaffe. Most of the tanks were marked with an Iron Cross to show they belonged to the German army. Some tanks were repainted to match the standard camouflage schemes of the German army. The armor protection of these tanks was often supplemented with spare treads.
Captured M4-748 (a) tanks were used by German troops until the end of the war. The divisions of the Wehrmacht had several such tanks which survived until Germany surrendered.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=us_m4a2_1944_germ Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Y3VN38sg2-g|'''Super Rare Tank - M4 748 (a)''' (starts at 02:10) - ''ThunderKing''|nDsevMd8aAo|'''M4 748 (a): Rugged relic''' - ''Oxy''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[M4]]
* [[M4A2]]
* [[Calliope]]

== External links ==


* [http://beutepanzer.ru/Beutepanzer/us/M4_sherman/m4-75-sherman-01.htm <nowiki>[Beutepanzer.ru]</nowiki> Medium tank M4 (75mm) "Sherman" Panzerkampfwagen M4-748 (a)]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

M42

2020-09-25T04:48:02Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m42_duster}}
{{About
| about = American SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other usages
| link-1 = M42 (Disambiguation)
| usage-2 = other vehicles of the family
| link-2 = M42 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.47 "Big Guns"]]. It is currently the third to last tank on the American SPAA line up, preceding the [[M163|M163 Vulcan]] and [[M247|M247 Sergeant York]]. While armed with the same turret and cannons from its predecessor the [[M19]], it has enhanced mobility by using the chassis of the [[M41A1|M41A1 Walker Bulldog]] light tank.

The U.S. military awarded General Motors Corporation's tank division with a contract to design and build the M42 Duster, as an armoured light air-defence gun platform. Though initially developed to provide defence from air attacks, by the time the Duster was ready to be fielded in mass, the military switched gears determining that the Duster was not a useful tool against the jet aircraft which were beginning to fill the sky.

While Self Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) vehicles were initially created to counter aircraft, other uses developed in which they saw action against armoured vehicles. Compared to other contemporary SPAA vehicles ([[ZSU-37]], [[Wirbelwind]], [[M13 MGMC|Multiple Gun Motor Carriage M13]], etc...) though, the M42 is typically regarded as the least effective when used against vehicles with armour protection. The penetration value of the armour-piercing rounds is considered too low to penetrate armour plating, even when not angled. The Duster, however, can be devastating against vehicles with very little to no armour, especially at 120 rounds per minute for each gun.

Being considered a light tank, the M42 does not have the armour capability to stand up directly to many of the other vehicles which it will face on the battlefield, especially against tanks which may fire high-explosive shells. The Duster will fare better against machinegun fire and potentially against some of the lighter autocannon fire which it may encounter, though not for long. Due to the M42's lightweight nature, it is best to stage where there is cover to help shield the Duster. It is also essential to only expose the vehicle when necessary to get a shot. If discovered, it is best to have a contingency location to which to fall back and regroup.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

Armour may as well be non-existent on the M42. Built off the chassis of the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]], the SPAA can be penetrated by anything in the game, except for those few tanks armed with only machine guns, of course. In this tank, speed is your armour. A stationary Duster is a scrapped Duster unless you're firing on an aircraft, in which you should stop behind some cover.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 12.7 mm (33°) ''Front glacis'' 25.7 mm (39°) ''Bottom glacis'' || 12.7 mm || 12.7 mm ''Top'' 19 mm ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 12.7 mm || 8 mm || 8 mm || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=710|rbMinHp=442}}

This tank can go about 72 km/h forwards and -20 km/h backwards. Either way, it's fast. Being built with neutral steering and lighter than the M41A1. It should have no difficulty getting out of a situation in a pinch.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Bofors (40 mm)}}

The M42 Duster is armed with two [[Bofors (40 mm)]] anti-aircraft guns. They have a decent rate of fire and you will seldom have to stop and wait for a reload - more likely, you'll have to wait for the gun barrel to cool down. Against aircraft, these guns are deadly. A shot or two will be more than enough to shoot down an enemy. They are also quite deadly against lightly armoured vehicles, such as enemy SPAAs or light tanks such as the [[Ru 251|Spähpanzer Ru 251]] or [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]], and you can pen the side of [[Panther A|Panthers]], too. However, they require direct hits. Against the Soviet heavy or British medium tanks you are likely to encounter, however these guns will do nothing for you. You will rarely get an opportunity to use the Bofors on another tank, as they simply lack the penetration to do so - 72 mm doesn't get you very far at Rank IV. If you can get the guns to hit, you should have no trouble knocking aircraft out of the sky.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 480 (8) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||35.22||48.75||59.20||65.47||69.65|| rowspan="2" | 0.65 || rowspan="2" | 0.58 || rowspan="2" | 0.53 || rowspan="2" | 0.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.80 || 28.00 || 34.00 || 37.60 || 40.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - These work fine, a hit on an aircraft means instant disassembly for it and still is able to hurt ground vehicles, especially if it is side into the side of a enemy tank.
* '''Mk.II:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - These mean bad news for aircraft, what should be used for AA work.
* '''M81A1:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}} - These are the worst belts against airplanes. However, they are able to hurt ground vehicles especially if shot into the side of an enemy tank. If you plan on penetrating tanks, load this and flank, since side shots are almost a necessity.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30
|-
| Mk.II || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
| M81A1 || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Belt details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 874 || 0.86 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 63 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M81A1 || AP-T || 874 || 0.88 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Recommendations
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || 50 ''(+10)'' || 38 ''(+22)'' || 14 ''(+46)'' || 2 ''(+58)'' || Keep Full || Yes
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


This tank has no armour, but a lot of speed and guns that do nothing against anything with actual armour. Refrain from attacking enemies that can take a hit from you, though you can roam around the battlefield with your insane speed and act as a scout. Ironically, shooting enemies you know your shot will bounce off of makes sense if you look at it as it then makes the enemy vehicle show up on the mini-map for all players to see, although it will also expose you. However, you could stay with your teammates and shoot down planes that will be harassing them. They know the danger of the Bofors guns but for some pilots that is a gamble, they are willing to take. A good way to lure planes toward you is the act like you don't see them, shoot off at some distant (ground) target, at which the plane will notice you are "distracted" and as they begin to dive to attack you, quickly re-aim the cannons and fire.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Mk.II
| Horizontal Drive
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| M81A1
| Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 40 mm cannons are devastating to planes
* AP rounds able to penetrate roughly 60 mm can be used against most medium tank side armour it could face, like the [[T-34-85]], [[Chi-Ri II]], [[Panther A]]/[[Panther D|D]]
* Unsynchronized firing helps improve overall fire rate
* Outside from default belts, the other belt options are made of a single type of shell that can be relied on
* Relatively fast vehicle with good mobility due to the [[M41A1]] light tank basis
* Fast turret traverse rate helps track aircraft
* Improved mobility, protection and ammunition count compared to [[M19]]

'''Cons:'''

* Despite 40 mm cannons and the unsynchronized firing, the overall fire rate is still lower than its contemporaries
* 40 mm AP rounds are not the best AP rounds to use overall due to relatively low penetration; cannot penetrate all-round protected heavy tanks like the [[IS-2]] or [[Tiger H1]]/[[Tiger E|E]]
* Relatively bad depression angles, a little worse than on the [[M19]]
* Bad depression angles means you have to expose yourself to shoot over hills
* Open turret allows aerial attacks and machine guns to decimate the exposed crew
* Very thin armour hull, can be penetrated by .50 cal found on the [[M4]]
* Is hull-breakable
* Careless driving can damage the vehicle
* Ammo can be used up rather quickly due to the dual-gun firing, prolonged combat can find the ammo stowage run empty
* Easily ammo-racked due to racks scattered all around the turret, aerial autocannons could set it off if hit

== History ==

===Development===
During late World War II and the Korean War, the US Army were using the [[M19|Twin Gun Motor Carriage M19]] as their main armoured forces anti-aircraft gun. However, during the Korean War, the US Army decides to phase out their M24 Chaffees and its variants, M19 included, in order to implement newer designs made in the time period. One of these newer designs was the development of the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]] light tank. The 40 mm armament on the M19 was deemed effective enough to continue usage past the M19, so the turret of the M19 with the twin 40 mm cannons was taken off the chassis and modified to fit the chassis of the M41 light tank, which had a larger turret ring than the M24 Chaffee. This instalment of the anti-aircraft armament onto the M41 light tank was designated as the '''M42'''. The production of the vehicle began in early 1952 at the General Motors Cleveland Tank Plant and entered service in 1953, replacing the many other self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicles the army was fielding. Production continued from 1952 to December 1959, ending with a total number of 3,700 units. During the production, the M42 was upgraded in 1956 with a new engine and other upgrades common with the M41 light tank, this upgraded variant was the ''M42A1''.

===Combat usage===
The M42 was kept in US inventory past the Korean War, however, it was sometime between then and the 1960s that the US Army came to the conclusion that ordinary anti-aircraft guns are unable to engage the new aircraft age of jets. Thus, the M42 was to be retired in 1963 and replaced by the HAWK surface-to-air missile. Though, even after their retirement, the units stationed at the Panama Canal Zone kept their M42s until the 1970s.

Then in the 1960s, with the intensity of the Vietnam War brewing up, more American soldiers get stationed in the country. Experiences with the missile showed that the HAWK missile system suppose to engage the new jet planes performed badly in low-altitude defence. In order to ensure a tight grip on the airspace, the Army began to reissue the M42s to the Army in the air defence artillery battalions which contain four M42 batteries and one headquarters battery. These M42s start arriving in the fall of 1966 in three battalions, 1/44th, 5/2nd, and the 4/60th Battalions. Though, despite their role, no dire air threat was presented from the North Vietnamese to the South, so the M42s were relegated to ground support duties in a tradition shared by its past predecessors. The M42s in this role was deployed as on-point security, convoy escorts, or a perimeter defence; it was in these roles that the M42 earned its nickname '''"Duster"''' for its lethality and effectiveness in ground support roles against the infantry.

After Vietnam, the M42 Dusters-equipped battalions were deactivated in late December 1971. These Dusters still in Vietnam were given to the ARVN forces. Training dusters at Fort Bliss were given back to the National Guard it was originally issued to, and multiple National Guard units were stationed with the M42 until it was officially retired in 1988, with the last unit retiring it be 2nd Battalion, 263 Air Defense Artillery.

=== In-game description ===
The M42 self-propelled 40 mm anti-air mount built by General Motors (GM). It was based on the M41 light tank and was intended to replace the M19 self-propelled anti-air mount. The unofficial name "Duster" was also used for this installation. A total of 3,700 M42's were produced between 1951 and 1959.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23m42 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|qKUEsKiPsDE|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[M42 Duster (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[M19]]
* [[Ostwind II]]
* [[Phòng không T-34]] / [[Phòng không T-34 (USSR)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/752|[Development] La-5FN and M42 Duster]]

{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}}

M56

2020-09-25T04:46:05Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m56_scorpion}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M56Scorpion.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]].

Though one of the lightest tank destroyers in the game, its 90 mm gun gives it a very powerful punch, especially when using the HEATFS round, which can penetrate up to 320 mm of armour.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

Fitting the definition of a glass cannon, the M56 has virtually no armour to speak of, as the majority of the tank comprises structural steel not meant to protect the crew and has a weak armour modifier (x0.45 KE), which renders it near useless in protecting internal components from incoming fire of any calibre, with the exception of high-angle impacts from rifle-calibre rounds. This description also applies to the only armour plate found on the entire tank, the gun shield, as the 5 mm thick plate with 12 mm of bullet-proof glass will only be able to stop rifle-calibre bullets from mid to long ranges.

The crew consists of only 3 members: a driver on the left side of the gun breech, the gunner on the right side of the gun breech, and the commander sitting rather casually behind the driver. If the tank is spotted and takes fire, expect the commander to be the first crew member down, since he is the most exposed among the three, sitting far away and above the gun shield. This will also impact your reload rate.

Overall, survivability is very low and it is advised to take precautions not to take any fire from the opposition, making use of terrain and mobility when the battle gets heated.

'''Armour type:'''

* Structural steel
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Gun shield)
* Bulletproof glass

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (59-79°) ''Front glacis'' 15 + 10 mm (29-65°) ''Lower glacis'' 10 mm ''Engine cover'' || 15 mm || 15 mm (1-70°) || 10 mm
|-
| Gun Shield || 5 mm (17°) ''Shield'' 12 mm (17°) ''Bulletproof Glass'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Wheel thickness is 10 mm, sprocket and idler wheel are 20 mm thick, and tracks are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 284|rbMinHp= 177}}

Where the M56 lacks in armour, it easily makes up for in mobility. Its light weight and decently powered engine gives it a great power-to-weight ratio that lets it propel to top speed easily, even when stock. You'll want to use this to gain access to favourable positions at the beginning of each match. When your position is compromised, seek a retreat using its excellent reverse speed of -20 km/h and plan ahead your next route.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M54 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M54 (90 mm)|90 mm M54]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 29 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | -30°/+15° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 5.28 || 7.31 || __._ || __._ || 10.45 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 3.57 || 4.20 || 5.10 || 5.60 || 6.00
|-
|}

[[File:M56 horizontal gun displacement.png|right|thumbnail|Gun horizontal displacement of the M56|200px]]
The 90mm M54 is the M41 gun available the [[M48A1]] but equipped with a recoil system. Which is why they have the same available ammunition choice. Its accuracy drop is noticeable as soon as 800m distance and a handicap over 1000m unless you fire at huge targets (Ferdinand, Jadgtiger, Tiger II, etc.). Some stabilized ammunition, such as HEAT-FS, do not suffer as much from the accuracy drop over distance.

The rotation speed of the gun is very slow compared to other tanks at the same rank or battle rating who can aim their gun in average 2 to 3 times faster than you do. Which means your targeting process will be long if you aim to be accurate. Also, any movement of your hull will make you restart your targeting process from 0, which limits greatly your possibility to overextend, even after a successful first disabling shot.

Additionally to having a limited gun rotation on the horizontal axis, that displacement is asymmetrical due to the driver position limiting movement to the right side. This can make the tracking of a target difficult as the gun quickly reaches a stop. You should take that constraint into account when positioning your hull at a firing spot.

Your recoil also is a handicapping feature: your hull being very light, it can not absorb much of the recoil power (even with the huge damping cylinders on the gun). Every shot taken throws your gun off target after firing, forcing to restart your targeting process or even reposition your hull. Using the "sight control distance" feature can help mitigate that aspect but any movement of the mouse during the recoil phase will nullify the sight setting.

==== Ammunition ====
The M54 cannon has 5 great flavours of destruction to choose from: APCR rounds, APCBC rounds, HEAT-FS rounds, HESH shells, and HE shells.

The '''M332 APCR''' shells are the basic rounds that you'll utilize when you first play your tank. Like any other APCR shell, with knowledge of the opposition's internal components such as gunner/driver locations and ammo racks, it is very useful against heavy foes with low-angle slopes in their armour profile. But, it is very lacking in post-penetration damage. Though they are free to use, players may find the lack of post-penetration damage unfavourable, especially for a glass cannon who can't risk staying exposed for very long trying to pick apart an armoured foe.

The '''M82 APCBC''' shells are probably the first shells you'll unlock and will provide some relief if you've grown tired of the APCR's low post-pen damage. Like any other APHE, they possess good penetration at close to mid range with exceptional post-penetration damage for dealing with moderately armoured targets like many of the medium tanks you'll encounter at your battle rating. As soon as you unlock these, start carrying these as your standard round against most tanks while carrying a few of the above APCR for heavier foes, at least until you unlock the HEAT-FS round.

The '''M431 HEAT-FS''' should be '''the''' round you want to rely on to take care of most armoured foes you come across. Combining the best muzzle velocity, the greatest penetration, especially at long range, and decent post-penetration damage makes this the superior round to use in any mid-to-long range engagement. At close range or in ambush situations, with this shell being your loaded round, you will most likely cripple any target you may encounter. It may then be best to switch to APCBC or HESH (depending on the vehicle type) as a follow up to finish off the surviving target, unless the target still presents itself to be very armoured from your angle of fire (like the [[Maus]] or most heavies from the front). Especially so if you're conscious about your ammo bill after the battle as HEAT-FS are not the cheapest option.

The '''T142E3 HESH''' are an advanced high-explosive round that's capable of penetrating thick armour, even when it is highly-sloped. If you know your target possesses not a single plate of armour greater than 100mm, then these are the rounds to use to wreck them at any range, as these are equally effective against a valid target, including many medium tanks, any light tank and SPAA, and even some heavy tanks that rely on angles rather then raw thickness like an [[IS-3]] or [[AMX-50 Surbaisse]]. Just be sure to aim away from the tracks and suspension, as these modules can easily absorb any damage caused by HESH.

The '''M71 HE''' are just like your typical medium-calibre HE round, good against unarmoured targets like exposed crew members, hull-breakable vehicles, and air targets (should you be able to hit them), but not very useful outside of that. Though this is a free round with slightly better velocity (making it easier to use at long range), favour HESH instead when you can as it carries nearly as much of a payload and has increased versatility against more targets.

One last ammo type to mention are the '''M313 Smoke''' shells. While not particularly useful for the role the M56 typically fills, they can still have good effect in long-range conflicts where a smoke to the face of an experienced enemy sniper can buy you or your allies time to bypass them in favour of a retreat or advancement towards the objective.

Overall, with all shells unlocked where you'll be employing mid to close range tactics, the typical recommended ammo composition can look something like this: 12 HEAT-FS, 4 APCBC, 5 HESH. For long-range engagements where you'll be playing more of a sniper role, it's best to forgo the APCBC in favour of bringing as much HEAT-FS as you can while throwing in a couple of smokes, though the smokes are optional. With this the recommended ammo composition for long-range engagements will look more like this: 20 HEAT-FS, 7 HESH, 2 Smokes.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M332 shot || APCR || 291 || 286 || 264 || 240 || 217 || 197
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
| M82 shot || APCBC || 185 || 182 || 170 || 155 || 142 || 130
|-
| T142E3 || HESH || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M332 shot || APCR || 1,165 || 5.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 1,216 || 5.8 || N/A || 0.1 || 712.6 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 823 || 10.55 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 925 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M82 shot || APCBC || 853 || 10.94 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 137.2 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T142E3 || HESH || 792 || 10.6 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 3,053 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M313 || 821 || 10.7 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''29''' || 20 ''(+9)'' || 11 ''(+18)'' || 1 ''(+28)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* The ammo racks on the M56 are 3 staggered rows of 10 (top), 9 (middle) and 10 (bottom) totaling 29 shells.
* The first rack to be depleted is the top row, then the middle row and finally the bottom row.
* To go into battle at full capacity, pack 29 shells (bottom row: 10 + middle row: 9 + top row: 10, with 1 shell in the breech taken from the top row).
* To go into battle with the first rack depleted, pack 20 shells (bottom row: 10 + middle row: 9 + 1 shell in the breech).
* To go into battle with the first and second racks depleted, pack 11 shells (bottom row: 10 + 1 shell in the breech).
* To go into battle with the 3 racks depleted, pack 1 shell (1 shell in the breech).
* Recommended ammo load is 20. Carry a full load of 29 rounds only for large open maps like [[Kursk (Ground Forces)|Kursk]], [[Fulda (Ground Forces)|Fulda Gap]] and [[Maginot Line (Ground Forces)|Maginot Line]].

== Usage in battles ==

The M56 Scorpion is a fast, light tank destroyer with very little armour to speak of.

A rapid volley from an enemy machine gun will knockout the three crew members with ease, if not carefully concealed. Its 90 mm M54 cannon is very able to disable enemy tanks at Rank IV. It is able to perform various destruction missions utilising various tactics. An M56 Scorpion is a dedicated airborne tank destroyer with airborne vehicle-based performance. The scorpion has a very stable and fast rate of acceleration on any terrain with a top speed of up to 28 MPH (45 km/h). With its high speed, it is very tempting to charge towards the capture point. When in a situation where a single enemy tank is present, unprotected, uncovered and separated from the opposing team. A rampaging Scorpion will be able to close in, then blow it up to kingdom come. However, caution must be undertaken throughout.

Be wary that any tank, even if only armed with a machine gun, is capable of knocking out the M56 due to the exposed crew. One particular enemy to keep an eye out for is the [[ASU-85]]. It's a complete Soviet equivalent of the Scorpion. Its stock BR-372 APCBC-HE is hopeless against a Scorpion since it will always overpenetrate it & be unable to explode inside its engine or gun breech. Meanwhile the M82 APCBC-HE has the opposite effect against it, as the ASU-85 has 45 mm armour just like the [[T-34-85]], which was a big mistake. Even with inferior penetration, an M82 still has 1.5x more explosive warhead. Given enough penetration, it will always be able to cause it to explode frontally without much effort. Take a grain of salt when firing at the ASU-85 from its flank, since the M82 will also overpenetrate away. Loading the M71 HE is much better, since the explosion will spam the ASU-85's interior all over the place. Or if already loaded with M82 & an ASU-85 is approaching while showing its flank, aim for the engine to prevent it from recovering & escaping. Then blast it away.

===Game modes===
While the Arcade Battle environment is not favourable due to the marker system easily spotting the M56, it can still perform in flank and surprise attacks if employed properly. It still can snipe from far away & make score against some targets when the M431 HEATFS is unlocked. Be aware that many light tanks can hunt it down if caught in firing range, particularly the [[M41A1|M41A1 Bulldog]] and [[T92]].

The battle environment is more favourable in Realistic and Simulator Battles. It can completely perform full flanking manoeuvres even when stock, it can also snipe from far-distance without getting spotted easily. Using both tactics will guarantee a complete concealment from the enemy, while being able to launch '''M82 APCBC-HE''' at them with just a couple of shots. Closing in to the enemy is only viable if the enemy number has been completely depleted and/or are unable to insert reinforcements to cover their team.

Closing in, the Scorpion can out manoeuvre and outflank most, if not all enemy vehicles at its BR. When it is unable to flank due to tight enemy formation across the map, sniping is the best option.

It is recommended to Load: '''M431 HEATFS''' or '''M82''' if the enemy armour is insufficient to withstand such rounds. I.e. [[T-34-100]]). The reload time can help it to outgun any opposition, to withstand its sustained rate of fire. Especially if it is equipped with an Ace crew, which can reload around of 7 seconds. Also, try to use an ambush tactic. It can annihilate a whole team if used by a skilled player.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| M82 shot
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Airstrike
| T142E3
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| M431 shell
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Improved optics
| M313
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very small profile (68% visibility)
* Excellent mobility & manoeuvrability on all terrain (45 km/h top speed & great acceleration, 20 km/h reverse speed)
* A practically airworthy vehicle- ''very'', ''very'' light (7 tons)
* The same 90 mm gun and ammunition selection as the [[M48A1|M48A1 Patton]]
* Heavy recoil when fired from a hill will sometimes save the vehicle from enemy fire, '''explosive push'''
* Very quick sustained reload time
* 3 varieties of very capable shells
* APCR as stock shell; big penetration bonus from the start, also free
* Destructive APCBC-HE; can bake a tank's interior through side shot
* HEATFS can easily punch 320 mm of armour

'''Cons:'''

* No armour, vulnerable to strafing attacks from planes
* Completely exposed crew from all angles
* Easily tipped over because of its weight
* A shot through the bulletproof glass will knock-out 2 crew members and instantly disable the vehicle
* Top speed is limited at 45 km/h. While boasting excellent acceleration, it will be outrun by other light vehicles on open field
* Heavy recoil will make the vehicle jump back about 5 feet, forcing a realignment of the sight
* Make sure your firing platform is steady enough and has space for you to recover after firing
* High chance to catch fire when shot in the frontal hull
* Hopeless if its engine is destroyed
* APCR as stock shell; unable to cripple a tank even from flank with only a shot
* HEATFS are expensive (640 SL, per round)
* Gun has very slow traverse and elevation, meaning that it takes a while to readjust after taking a shot
* Affected by the Hull Break mechanic (Large HE shells will destroy the M56 in 1 shot)
* Does not climb hills well unless approached with good speed

== History ==

===Development===
During World War II, the constant problem for the US Airborne divisions is that their anti-tank power was very minimal in the front lines. Though there were attempts to improve their firepower with towed anti-tank guns or airborne tanks like the [[M22|M22 ''Locust'']], the former proved too cumbersome and heavy while the latter proved too under-powered and weak. Thus, development began in April 1949 for a very lightly armoured vehicle to mount a hard-hitting gun with heavy emphasis on firepower, speed, and with as little weight as possible. This evolved into the development of a self-propelled 90 mm gun and the project was taken up by the Cadillac Motor Division of General Motors. The pilot vehicle developed were designated ''T101''.<ref name="ZalogaM551">Zaloga Steven. ''M551 Sheridan: US Airmobile Tanks 1941-2001'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009</ref>

The first models were completed in 1953 and were tested in 1955. It was approved for service in 1958 and designated as the '''M56 90mm self-propelled gun''', or by its nickname '''"Scorpion"''' and its acronym '''SPAT''' ('''S'''elf-'''P'''ropelled '''A'''nti-'''T'''ank). It's main selling point was being light enough at only 7 tons to be lifted by helicopter or carried onto aircraft, allowing for parachute drops. As a rather specialized vehicle, it wasn't produced in large numbers, with only 150 units built from the Cadillac production line from 1953 to 1959.<ref name="ZalogaM551" />

===Usage===
The M56 Scorpion was issued out to airborne and anti-tank units from 1958 to the early 1960s. As a defensive weapon, the M56 Scorpion was never meant to venture out to seek and destroy enemy tanks, but its lack of armour was still criticized by its crew, what with only a simple gun shield blocking the crew from getting shot by even small arms. The lightness of the vehicle was also bad for the extreme recoil of the 90 mm M54 gun, which would lift the entire vehicle off its front wheels.<ref name="ZalogaM551">Zaloga Steven. ''M551 Sheridan: US Airmobile Tanks 1941-2001'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009</ref> An informal manual even recommends that when firing, the commander and loader should step off the vehicle to avoid being harmed by the lurching vehicle. The M56 Scorpion served America in combat during the Vietnam War in the 173rd Airborne Brigade, with 17 vehicles organized into three platoons. It served as a defensive role in most of American foreign bases until the advent of the anti-tank missile launchers such as the TOW, which proved more potent than the Scorpion, and was replaced in the late 1960s and early 70s.<ref name="ZalogaM551" />

The M56 Scorpions were also given out in limited numbers, with Morocco given 87 vehicles and Spain obtaining 5 in the Military Aid Program. Morocco used the Scorpions in the Western Sahara War, being the only foreign user of the M56 Scorpions.

===Survivors===
At least 18 intact M56 Scorpions survive in the United States today, mainly in museums and in private collections.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=us_m56_scorpion Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|KqLoa0NIpzE|'''The Shooting Range #178''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|YuBjyMQLRy0|'''Airmobile tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:46 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M56_Scorpion|Wikipedia - M56 Scorpion]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/US/m56-scorpion-spat.php Tank Encyclopedia - M56 Scorpion]

===References===
<references />

{{USA tank destroyers}}

M56

2020-09-25T04:45:02Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m56_scorpion}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M56Scorpion.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]].

Though one of the lightest tank destroyers in the game, its 90 mm gun gives it a very powerful punch, especially when using the HEATFS round, which can penetrate up to 320 mm of armour.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

Fitting the definition of a glass cannon, the M56 has virtually no armour to speak of, as the majority of the tank comprises structural steel not meant to protect the crew and has a weak armour modifier (x0.45 KE), which renders it near useless in protecting internal components from incoming fire of any calibre, with the exception of high-angle impacts from rifle-calibre rounds. This description also applies to the only armour plate found on the entire tank, the gun shield, as the 5 mm thick plate with 12 mm of bullet-proof glass will only be able to stop rifle-calibre bullets from mid to long ranges.

The crew consists of only 3 members: a driver on the left side of the gun breech, the gunner on the right side of the gun breech, and the commander sitting rather casually behind the driver. If the tank is spotted and takes fire, expect the commander to be the first crew member down, since he is the most exposed among the three, sitting far away and above the gun shield. This will also impact your reload rate.

Overall, survivability is very low and it is advised to take precautions not to take any fire from the opposition, making use of terrain and mobility when the battle gets heated.

'''Armour type:'''

* Structural steel
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Gun shield)
* Bulletproof glass

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (59-79°) ''Front glacis'' 15 + 10 mm (29-65°) ''Lower glacis'' 10 mm ''Engine cover'' || 15 mm || 15 mm (1-70°) || 10 mm
|-
| Gun Shield || 5 mm (17°) ''Shield'' 12 mm (17°) ''Bulletproof Glass'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Wheel thickness is 10 mm, sprocket and idler wheel are 20 mm thick, and tracks are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 284|rbMinHp= 177}}

Where the M56 lacks in armour, it easily makes up for in mobility. Its light weight and decently powered engine gives it a great power-to-weight ratio that lets it propel to top speed easily, even when stock. You'll want to use this to gain access to favourable positions at the beginning of each match. When your position is compromised, seek a retreat using its excellent reverse speed of -20 km/h and plan ahead your next route.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M54 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M54 (90 mm)|90 mm M54]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 29 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | -30°/+15° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 5.28 || 7.31 || __._ || __._ || 10.45 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 3.57 || 4.20 || 5.10 || 5.60 || 6.00
|-
|}

[[File:M56 horizontal gun displacement.png|right|thumbnail|Gun horizontal displacement of the M56|200px]]
The 90mm M54 is the M41 gun available the [[M48A1]] but equipped with a recoil system. Which is why they have the same available ammunition choice. Its accuracy drop is noticeable as soon as 800m distance and a handicap over 1000m unless you fire at huge targets (Ferdinand, Jadgtiger, Tiger II, etc.). Some stabilized ammunition, such as HEAT-FS, do not suffer as much from the accuracy drop over distance.

The rotation speed of the gun is very slow compared to other tanks at the same rank or battle rating who can aim their gun in average 2 to 3 times faster than you do. Which means your targeting process will be long if you aim to be accurate. Also, any movement of your hull will make you restart your targeting process from 0, which limits greatly your possibility to overextend, even after a successful first disabling shot.

Additionally to having a limited gun rotation on the horizontal axis, that displacement is asymmetrical due to the driver position limiting movement to the right side. This can make the tracking of a target difficult as the gun quickly reaches a stop. You should take that constraint into account when positioning your hull at a firing spot.

Your recoil also is a handicapping feature: your hull being very light, it can not absorb much of the recoil power (even with the huge damping cylinders on the gun). Every shot taken throws your gun off target after firing, forcing to restart your targeting process or even reposition your hull. Using the "sight control distance" feature can help mitigate that aspect but any movement of the mouse during the recoil phase will nullify the sight setting.

==== Ammunition ====
The M54 cannon has 5 great flavours of destruction to choose from: APCR rounds, APCBC rounds, HEAT-FS rounds, HESH shells, and HE shells.

The '''M332 APCR''' shells are the basic rounds that you'll utilize when you first play your tank. Like any other APCR shell, with knowledge of the opposition's internal components such as gunner/driver locations and ammo racks, it is very useful against heavy foes with low-angle slopes in their armour profile. But, it is very lacking in post-penetration damage. Though they are free to use, players may find the lack of post-penetration damage unfavourable, especially for a glass cannon who can't risk staying exposed for very long trying to pick apart an armoured foe.

The '''M82 APCBC''' shells are probably the first shells you'll unlock and will provide some relief if you've grown tired of the APCR's low post-pen damage. Like any other APHE, they possess good penetration at close to mid range with exceptional post-penetration damage for dealing with moderately armoured targets like many of the medium tanks you'll encounter at your battle rating. As soon as you unlock these, start carrying these as your standard round against most tanks while carrying a few of the above APCR for heavier foes, at least until you unlock the HEAT-FS round.

The '''M431 HEAT-FS''' should be '''the''' round you want to rely on to take care of most armoured foes you come across. Combining the best muzzle velocity, the greatest penetration, especially at long range, and decent post-penetration damage makes this the superior round to use in any mid-to-long range engagement. At close range or in ambush situations, with this shell being your loaded round, you will most likely cripple any target you may encounter. It may then be best to switch to APCBC or HESH (depending on the vehicle type) as a follow up to finish off the surviving target, unless the target still presents itself to be very armoured from your angle of fire (like the [[Maus]] or most heavies from the front). Especially so if you're conscious about your ammo bill after the battle as HEAT-FS are not the cheapest option.

The '''T142E3 HESH''' are an advanced high-explosive round that's capable of penetrating thick armour, even when it is highly-sloped. If you know your target possesses not a single plate of armour greater than 100mm, then these are the rounds to use to wreck them at any range, as these are equally effective against a valid target, including many medium tanks, any light tank and SPAA, and even some heavy tanks that rely on angles rather then raw thickness like an [[IS-3]] or [[AMX-50 Surbaisse]]. Just be sure to aim away from the tracks and suspension, as these modules can easily absorb any damage caused by HESH.

The '''M71 HE''' are just like your typical medium-calibre HE round, good against unarmoured targets like exposed crew members, hull-breakable vehicles, and air targets (should you be able to hit them), but not very useful outside of that. Though this is a free round with slightly better velocity (making it easier to use at long range), favour HESH instead when you can as it carries nearly as much of a payload and has increased versatility against more targets.

One last ammo type to mention are the '''M313 Smoke''' shells. While not particularly useful for the role the M56 typically fills, they can still have good effect in long-range conflicts where a smoke to the face of an experienced enemy sniper can buy you or your allies time to bypass them in favour of a retreat or advancement towards the objective.

Overall, with all shells unlocked where you'll be employing mid to close range tactics, the typical recommended ammo composition can look something like this: 12 HEAT-FS, 4 APCBC, 5 HESH. For long-range engagements where you'll be playing more of a sniper role, it's best to forgo the APCBC in favour of bringing as much HEAT-FS as you can while throwing in a couple of smokes, though the smokes are optional. With this the recommended ammo composition for long-range engagements will look more like this: 20 HEAT-FS, 7 HESH, 2 Smokes.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M332 shot || APCR || 291 || 286 || 264 || 240 || 217 || 197
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
| M82 shot || APCBC || 185 || 182 || 170 || 155 || 142 || 130
|-
| T142E3 || HESH || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M332 shot || APCR || 1,165 || 5.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 1,216 || 5.8 || N/A || 0.1 || 712.6 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 823 || 10.55 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 925 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M82 shot || APCBC || 853 || 10.94 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 137.2 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T142E3 || HESH || 792 || 10.6 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 3,053 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M313 || 821 || 10.7 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''29''' || 20 ''(+9)'' || 11 ''(+18)'' || 1 ''(+28)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* The ammo racks on the M56 are 3 staggered rows of 10 (top), 9 (middle) and 10 (bottom) totaling 29 shells.
* The first rack to be depleted is the top row, then the middle row and finally the bottom row.
* To go into battle at full capacity, pack 29 shells (bottom row: 10 + middle row: 9 + top row: 10, with 1 shell in the breech taken from the top row).
* To go into battle with the first rack depleted, pack 20 shells (bottom row: 10 + middle row: 9 + 1 shell in the breech).
* To go into battle with the first and second racks depleted, pack 11 shells (bottom row: 10 + 1 shell in the breech).
* To go into battle with the 3 racks depleted, pack 1 shell (1 shell in the breech).
* Recommended ammo load is 20. Carry a full load of 29 rounds only for large open maps like [[Kursk (Ground Forces)|Kursk]], [[Fulda (Ground Forces)|Fulda Gap]] and [[Maginot Line (Ground Forces)|Maginot Line]].

== Usage in battles ==

The M56 Scorpion is a fast, light tank destroyer with very little armour to speak of.

A rapid volley from an enemy machine gun will knockout the three crew members with ease, if not carefully concealed. Its 90 mm M54 cannon is very able to disable enemy tanks at Rank IV. It is able to perform various destruction missions utilising various tactics. An M56 Scorpion is a dedicated airborne tank destroyer with airborne vehicle-based performance. The scorpion has a very stable and fast rate of acceleration on any terrain with a top speed of up to 28 MPH (45 km/h). With its high speed, it is very tempting to charge towards the capture point. When in a situation where a single enemy tank is present, unprotected, uncovered and separated from the opposing team. A rampaging Scorpion will be able to close in, then blow it up to kingdom come. However, caution must be undertaken throughout.

Be wary that any tank, even if only armed with a machine gun, is capable of knocking out the M56 due to the exposed crew. One particular enemy to keep an eye out for is the [[ASU-85]]. It's a complete Soviet equivalent of the Scorpion. Its stock BR-372 APCBC-HE is hopeless against a Scorpion since it will always overpenetrate it & be unable to explode inside its engine or gun breech. Meanwhile the M82 APCBC-HE has the opposite effect against it, as the ASU-85 has 45 mm armour just like the [[T-34-85]], which was a big mistake. Even with inferior penetration, an M82 still has 1.5x more explosive warhead. Given enough penetration, it will always be able to cause it to explode frontally without much effort. Take a grain of salt when firing at the ASU-85 from its flank, since the M82 will also overpenetrate away. Loading the M71 HE is much better, since the explosion will spam the ASU-85's interior all over the place. Or if already loaded with M82 & an ASU-85 is approaching while showing its flank, aim for the engine to prevent it from recovering & escaping. Then blast it away.

===Game modes===
While the Arcade Battle environment is not favourable due to the marker system easily spotting the M56, it can still perform in flank and surprise attacks if employed properly. It still can snipe from far away & make score against some targets when the M431 HEATFS is unlocked. Be aware that many light tanks can hunt it down if caught in firing range, particularly the [[M41A1|M41A1 Bulldog]] and [[T92]].

The battle environment is more favourable in Realistic and Simulator Battles. It can completely perform full flanking manoeuvres even when stock, it can also snipe from far-distance without getting spotted easily. Using both tactics will guarantee a complete concealment from the enemy, while being able to launch '''M82 APCBC-HE''' at them with just a couple of shots. Closing in to the enemy is only viable if the enemy number has been completely depleted and/or are unable to insert reinforcements to cover their team.

Closing in, the Scorpion can out manoeuvre and outflank most, if not all enemy vehicles at its BR. When it is unable to flank due to tight enemy formation across the map, sniping is the best option.

It is recommended to Load: '''M431 HEATFS''' or '''M82''' if the enemy armour is insufficient to withstand such rounds. I.e. [[T-34-100]]). The reload time can help it to outgun any opposition, to withstand its sustained rate of fire. Especially if it is equipped with an Ace crew, which can reload around of 7 seconds. Also, try to use an ambush tactic. It can annihilate a whole team if used by a skilled player.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| M82 shot
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Airstrike
| T142E3
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| M431 shell
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Improved optics
| M313
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very small profile (68% visibility)
* Excellent mobility & manoeuvrability on all terrain (45 km/h top speed & great acceleration, 20 km/h reverse speed)
* A practically airworthy vehicle- ''very'', ''very'' light (7 tons)
* The same 90 mm gun and ammunition selection as the [[M48A1|M48A1 Patton]]
* Heavy recoil when fired from a hill will sometimes save the vehicle from enemy fire, '''explosive push'''
* Very quick sustained reload time
* 3 varieties of very capable shells
* APCR as stock shell; big penetration bonus from the start, also free
* Destructive APCBC-HE; can bake a tank's interior through side shot
* HEATFS can easily punch 320 mm of armour

'''Cons:'''

* No armour, vulnerable to strafing attacks from planes
* Completely exposed crew from all angles
* Easily tipped over because of its weight
* A shot through the bulletproof glass will knock-out 2 crew members and instantly disable the vehicle
* Top speed is limited at 45 km/h. While boasting excellent acceleration, it will be outrun by other light vehicles on open field
* Heavy recoil will make the vehicle jump back about 5 feet, forcing a realignment of the sight
* Make sure your firing platform is steady enough and has space for you to recover after firing
* High chance to catch fire when shot in the frontal hull
* Hopeless if its engine is destroyed
* APCR as stock shell; unable to cripple a tank even from flank with only a shot
* HEATFS are expensive (640 SL, per round)
* Affected by the Hull Break mechanic (Large HE shells will destroy the M56 in 1 shot)
* Does not climb hills well unless approached with good speed

== History ==

===Development===
During World War II, the constant problem for the US Airborne divisions is that their anti-tank power was very minimal in the front lines. Though there were attempts to improve their firepower with towed anti-tank guns or airborne tanks like the [[M22|M22 ''Locust'']], the former proved too cumbersome and heavy while the latter proved too under-powered and weak. Thus, development began in April 1949 for a very lightly armoured vehicle to mount a hard-hitting gun with heavy emphasis on firepower, speed, and with as little weight as possible. This evolved into the development of a self-propelled 90 mm gun and the project was taken up by the Cadillac Motor Division of General Motors. The pilot vehicle developed were designated ''T101''.<ref name="ZalogaM551">Zaloga Steven. ''M551 Sheridan: US Airmobile Tanks 1941-2001'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009</ref>

The first models were completed in 1953 and were tested in 1955. It was approved for service in 1958 and designated as the '''M56 90mm self-propelled gun''', or by its nickname '''"Scorpion"''' and its acronym '''SPAT''' ('''S'''elf-'''P'''ropelled '''A'''nti-'''T'''ank). It's main selling point was being light enough at only 7 tons to be lifted by helicopter or carried onto aircraft, allowing for parachute drops. As a rather specialized vehicle, it wasn't produced in large numbers, with only 150 units built from the Cadillac production line from 1953 to 1959.<ref name="ZalogaM551" />

===Usage===
The M56 Scorpion was issued out to airborne and anti-tank units from 1958 to the early 1960s. As a defensive weapon, the M56 Scorpion was never meant to venture out to seek and destroy enemy tanks, but its lack of armour was still criticized by its crew, what with only a simple gun shield blocking the crew from getting shot by even small arms. The lightness of the vehicle was also bad for the extreme recoil of the 90 mm M54 gun, which would lift the entire vehicle off its front wheels.<ref name="ZalogaM551">Zaloga Steven. ''M551 Sheridan: US Airmobile Tanks 1941-2001'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2009</ref> An informal manual even recommends that when firing, the commander and loader should step off the vehicle to avoid being harmed by the lurching vehicle. The M56 Scorpion served America in combat during the Vietnam War in the 173rd Airborne Brigade, with 17 vehicles organized into three platoons. It served as a defensive role in most of American foreign bases until the advent of the anti-tank missile launchers such as the TOW, which proved more potent than the Scorpion, and was replaced in the late 1960s and early 70s.<ref name="ZalogaM551" />

The M56 Scorpions were also given out in limited numbers, with Morocco given 87 vehicles and Spain obtaining 5 in the Military Aid Program. Morocco used the Scorpions in the Western Sahara War, being the only foreign user of the M56 Scorpions.

===Survivors===
At least 18 intact M56 Scorpions survive in the United States today, mainly in museums and in private collections.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=us_m56_scorpion Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|KqLoa0NIpzE|'''The Shooting Range #178''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|YuBjyMQLRy0|'''Airmobile tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:46 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M56_Scorpion|Wikipedia - M56 Scorpion]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/US/m56-scorpion-spat.php Tank Encyclopedia - M56 Scorpion]

===References===
<references />

{{USA tank destroyers}}

Sd.Kfz.234/4

2020-09-24T17:38:49Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sdkfz_234_4
|market=Sd.Kfz.234/4
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Sd.Kfz.2344.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (full name: ''Schwerer Panzerspähwagen 7.5 cm Sonderkraftfahrzeug 234/4 Panzerabwehrkanonenwagen'') is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] in the [[Operation_S.U.M.M.E.R.|"Operation S.U.M.M.E.R."]] event of 2017 that lasted from 28 July to 28 August, unlocked after obtaining 7 tanker Marks of Distinction.

The Sd.Kfz.234/4 is easily picked out by its long gun and gun shield. If recognized, the enemies will see the vehicle as an easy target (in high BR's), but also as a deadly priority target!

This armoured car is a lot of fun to play. The long 75 mm gun and the 234 chassis work very well hand in hand. The best way to play this mini-beast is to get on the enemies flanks as fast as possible (terrain permitting) and hide in the bushes. Take shots with hit probabilities, but hold fire more uncertain hit chances. Remember that the 234/4 can be and will be torn up by 12.7 mm machine gun fire, assume the position has been spotted after firing and move out via reverse. Do not engage in a straight-up gun battle or the 234/4 becomes scrap metal.

The 75 mm gun is strong enough to destroy most tanks with one hit, meanwhile the 234/4 has a great speed of 30-40 km/h forwards and backwards to relocate. Because of this, it is possible (though not necessarily needed) to use the 75 mm and return fire while making haste. Terrain foliage such as bushes are great assets for concealment, shadows as well so use them and stay hidden.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Vision ports)
* Structural steel (Side skirts)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (40°) ''Front plate'' 15 mm (70°), 30 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' 30 mm (35°) ''Lower glacis'' || 8 mm (34-35°) ''Top'' 8 (19-35°) + 4 mm || 10 mm (21-46°) || 5 mm
|-
| Gun shield || 4 + 4 mm (18-29°) || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Wheels provide 10 mm of armour thickness.
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.
* Can be hull broken.

The best way to deal with this tank is to catch it out of position and/or from behind. Because of its low armour values, it can be easily penetrated with 12.7 mm Mg fire or HE shells to the open roof. Most AP and APHE shots will simply over-penetrate the vehicle's front armour and will not do much to the crew compartment unless aimed at specific crew locations or it hull-breaks the Sd.Kfz.234/4. As such, explosive ammunition or machine gun fire are the more preferred methods of elimination.

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 298|rbMinHp= 186}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|PaK40/3 L46 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK40/3 L46 (75 mm)|75 mm PaK40/3 L46]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 36 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+22° || rowspan="2" | ±20° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.3 || 17.1 || 20.7 || 22.9 ||24.4|| rowspan="2" | 7.6 || rowspan="2" | 6.8 || rowspan="2" | 6.2 || rowspan="2" | 5.9
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80
|-
| PzGr 39 || APCBC || 151 || 148 || 135 || 121 || 108 || 96
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 182 || 177 || 159 || 140 || 122 || 107
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 450 || 4.4 || N/A || 0.1 || 872.1 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| PzGr 39 || APCBC || 792 || 6.8 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 28.9 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 990 || 4.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 550 || 5.74 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 686 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| K.Gr.Rot Nb. || 540 || 6.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Sd.Kfz.2344.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''36''' || 31 ''(+5)'' || 13 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+35)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

Left empty: 31 ''(+5)''



=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG42 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG42 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG42]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (150) || 1,200 || ±20° || ±45°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Move fast and get into a spot that gives:

# Great cover, either hard cover or visual cover (so rocks and or bushes are great)
# Great visibility
# Ease of egress
# The ability to get deadly side shots

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tires
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Hl.Gr 38B
| Adjustment of Fire
| Airstrike
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| PzGr 40
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Improved optics
| K.Gr.Rot Nb.
|
|-
! colspan="7" |This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Premium bonus
* Adequate ammo supply for prolonged combat
* High velocity and great penetration capabilities means it is great for long range battles
* Can move forward and backwards with equal speed
* Lower profile than the [[Marder III H]]
* Essentially a Marder III H on wheels
* Eight-wheel drive gives it good surface traction and handling, much better maneuverability
* Doesn't have the tendency to get flipped when turning like the Marder III H

'''Cons:'''

* Very weak armor, can be penetrated by aircraft weapons and heavy machine guns
* Open-topped, making it very vulnerable to attacks from the air or artillery
* Can be disabled by aircraft simply by ramming it
* Limited gun traverse
* Crew compartment is littered with ammo
* Is longer than the Marder III H
* Vehicle will be immobilized if one driver is knocked out despite having two drivers in its layout
* Unlike other German tanks, it has a very bad gun depression only -5°

== History ==

===Development===
The blitzkrieg tactics in Poland and France gave the Germans a new appreciation of mobile and lethal reconnaissance vehicles. The Germans especially valued the armoured cars due to their speed, firepower, and their pre-war build-up as they were not restricted by the Versailles Treaty. The Germans started with armoured cars like the Sd.Kfz.231 family, each with different armaments. However, these vehicles had its flaws and in August 1940, Germany sought a replacement following the conclusion of the Battle of France.

The new vehicle was built off an improved Sd.Kfz.232 chassis made in monocoque construction by Büssing-NAG, its armoured body was made by Deutsche Edelstahlwerke, the turret by Daimler-Benz and Schichau, and air-cooled diesel engines by Ringhoffer-Tatra-Werke AG. The monocoque chassis design was built with an eight-wheel steering system, six forward and reverse gears, as well as having an additional driver seat in the rear for quick reversal get-aways. This construction led to '''Sd.Kfz.234''' family. Vehicle construction first started in 1943 as the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2|Sd.Kfz.234/2]], which had a turret originally intended for the VK 1602 Leopard mounting a [[KwK 39 (50 mm)|5 cm L/60]] gun, construction continued on this vehicle until mid-1944. The Sd.Kfz.234/2 earned the nickname "Puma" from the soldiers using it.

Production for Sd.Kfz.234/2 shifted towards other armaments in 1944 that replaced the original. This produced variants such as the Sd.Kfz. 234/1 which replaced the turret with an open-top one carrying a [[KwK 30 (20 mm)|2 cm KwK 38]], this was produced between mid-1944 to early 1945. Right besides that, the Sd.Kfz.234/3 was produced with an open-top structure to mount a [[KwK 37 (75 mm)|75 mm howitzer]], this was produced from mid-1944 until the end of 1944. At the Sd.Kfz.234/3's production end, it was replaced by the [[Sd.Kfz.234/4|Sd.Kfz.234/4]], also known as the "Pakwagen", that had the armament replaced by a [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|7.5 cm PaK 40]] anti-tank gun. This last variant was produced from the end of 1944 to the capitulation of Germany in World War II. A total of 478 Sd.Kfz.234 armoured cars were produced, 200 of the 234/1, 101 of the 234/2, 88 of the 234/3, and 89 of the 234/4.

===Combat usage===
The Sd.Kfz.234 cars were originally intended for the conflicts in North Africa. However, the engine development took abnormally long to complete and by the time it was ready, the North African theatre had concluded. Nevertheless, they served in the Western and Eastern front with success, but was impeded by its low production count.

The Sd.Kfz. 234/2 variant was arguably the most popular, as the staple of the 234 family. The vehicle served in the Panzer Lehr Division, 1st and 2nd SS Panzer Division, 2nd, 7th, 13th, and 20th Panzer Division. The Sd.Kfz.234 in the recon companies were allocated in 19 or 25 vehicles per division, further split into platoons up to six vehicles and one as the headquarters. However, due to their low production numbers, this allocation was rarely kept in full strength in the war,

The Sd.Kfz.234 first saw combat in Normandy after D-Day in the stationed Panzer Lehr and 2nd Panzer Division in the Sd.Kfz.234/2 variant. The divisions used these vehicles in recon roles until their withdrawal behind the Seine River, with Panzer Lehr having 8 Sd.Kfz.234/2 of the original 26 it had. These divisions were rebuilt in the fall of 1944 with the Sd.Kfz.234/1 and Sd.Kfz.234/3 after the 234/2 ceased production.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=germ_sdkfz_234_4 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|b7EikSPup3Q|'''The Shooting Range #58''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 08:00 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|RGeu2yLGeTU|'''Best armored cars''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:37 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4862/current|[Devblog] Sd.Kfz.234/4 Schwerer Panzerspähwagen]]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

Sd.Kfz.234/3

2020-09-24T17:36:47Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sdkfz_234_3
|market=Sd.Kfz.234/3 (Germany)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Sd.Kfz.234_3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] in the [[wt:en/news/5698-marathon-good-old-s-u-m-m-e-r-en|"Good Old S.U.M.M.E.R"]] event of 2018.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret, gun shield, gun mantlet)
* Structural steel (tires, suspension, mudguards)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (40°) ''Front plate'' 15 mm (70°) ''Front glacis - upper section'' 30 mm (55°) ''Front glacis - lower section'' 30 mm (35°) ''Lower glacis'' || 8 mm (35°) + 4 mm ''Top + Mudguards'' 8 mm (19°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm (38°) ''Plate connecting with the turret'' 10 mm (21°) ''Engine compartment - upper part'' 10 mm (46°) + 10 mm ''Engine compartment - lower part + add-on spare tire'' || 5 mm
|-
| Turret || 14.5 mm (34°) 14.5 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 14.5 mm || 10 mm (33°) || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Tires and suspension bars are 10 mm thick.
* Bottom of the hull is 8 mm thick. An additional 13 mm plate separates the crew compartment from the bottom plate.
* Viewports for the crew are 30 mm thick.

When dealing with the {{PAGENAME}}, the best way to deal with this tank is to catch it out of position and/or from behind. Because of its low armour values, it can be easily destroyed with 12.7 mm MG fire or HE shells to the open roof. Most AP and APHE shots will simply over-penetrate the vehicle's front armour and will not do much to the crew compartment unless aimed at specific crew locations or it hull-breaks the {{PAGENAME}}. As such, explosive ammunition or machine gun fire are the more preferred methods of elimination.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=298|rbMinHp=186}}

The {{PAGENAME}} accelerates quickly and has a very high cruise speed on hard surfaces (solid ground, roads). While its high speed is an advantage, it can turn into a disadvantage when manoeuvring at high speed: the {{PAGENAME}} starts wobbling if you turn too violently and you end up skidding uncontrollably. Be aware of this before gunning towards the frontline: limit your maximum speed and anticipate the braking phases. Like all WW2 wheeled vehicles, you can not turn on the spot and always need space to change direction. However, thanks to the orientable front and rear axles, your turn radius remains small at small speed. But remember that the faster you drive, the bigger the turn radius will be. Changing directions in a cramped street can be difficult with the {{PAGENAME}}. However, the reverse speed is very important, which mitigates the impossibility to change direction on the spot. As it is equipped with tires, the {{PAGENAME}} struggles on soft terrain (sand, mud, snow). The {{PAGENAME}} is also average at fording: 15 km/h and it loses quickly speed when driving uphill. Obstacles will also make you lose a lot of speed: avoid them as the {{PAGENAME}}'s survival relies on its mobility.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|K51 L/24 (75 mm)}}

The "Stumpwagen" is armed with the K51 L/24 gun, which is equivalent to the [[KwK 37 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK 37]] gun on the early Panzer IV tanks. The gun features the same four useful ammunition types as the KwK 37. The gun has great zoom and a very fast fire rate.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[K51 L/24 (75 mm)|75 mm K51 L/24]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±14° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.3 || 17.1 || 20.1 || 22.9 || 24.4 || rowspan="2" | 4.3 || rowspan="2" | 3.8 || rowspan="2" | 3.5 || rowspan="2" | 3.3
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The available ammunition offers a wide range of shells to engage all types of targets:

* '''K.Gr.rot Pz.''': APCBC; a slow shell with explosive filler mass that will one-shot any tank that is penetrates but has an average penetration power.
* '''Hl.Gr 38B''': HEAT; a shaped charge with good penetration and without penetration loss over distance. Only penetrates flat vertical surfaces but the post-penetration damage is very effective on open and lightly armoured vehicles.
* '''Hl.Gr 38C''': HEAT; a shaped charge with increased penetration over the previous shell. Very useful against heavily armoured targets.
* '''Sprgr. 34''': HE; useful for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles.
* '''K.Gr.Rot Nb.''': Smoke; useful to blind enemy vehicles that are too remote for you to disable so that you can progress towards objectives.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 52 || 50 || 45 || 39 || 34 || 30
|-
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80
|-
| Hl.Gr 38C || HEAT || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 385 || 6.78 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 80 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 450 || 4.57 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 872.1 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Hl.Gr 38C || HEAT || 450 || 4.80 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 875.5 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 420 || 5.74 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 686 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| K.Gr.Rot Nb. || 423 || 6.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 45 ''(+5)'' || 39 ''(+11)'' || 35 ''(+15)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 27 ''(+23)'' || 23 ''(+27)'' || 13 ''(+37)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks Sd.Kfz.234-3.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
Notes:

* Shells in racks 1 and 2 are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Shells in racks 3 to 8 are modeled by sets of 2 and disappear after both shells in the set having been shot or loaded.
* Pack 27 ''(+23)'' shells (racks 1 to 5 emptied) to go into battle with the flanks empty of ammo.

== Usage in battles ==

This armoured car is as much fun to play as the [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]]. The short 75 mm gun and the 234 chassis work amazingly well within its battle rating. The best way to play this Rank I Goliath is to use your speed and to try to get side and rear shots on the enemy but since you have HEAT at your disposal, you are almost guaranteed to obliterate anything frontally at your battle rating and vice versa. The 234/3 has the same weaknesses as the 234/2 which means it can be and will be torn up by 12.7 mm machine gun fire, assume the position has been spotted after firing and move out via reverse. Engaging in a head-on is unadvised but you can come out kicking should you find yourself against any higher tanks as you should be able to reload fast enough, though this is not a go-to option.

The 75 mm gun is the same as early Panzer IV and can destroy any other vehicles at and above its battle rating with one hit, meanwhile, the 234/3 has a great speed of 50-60 km/h forwards and backwards to relocate. Because of this, it is possible (though not necessarily needed) to use the 75 mm and return fire while making haste. Terrain foliage such as bushes are great assets for concealment, shadows as well so use them and stay hidden.

Like its older brother, it is recommended to follow the exact same tactics, those being:

# Get behind great cover, either hard cover or visual cover (so rocks and or bushes are great)
# Use your cover for great visibility (for you to view the enemy)
# The ability to get deadly hits into the enemies

In its battle rating of 1.7, the 234/3 will face anything and everything between 1.0 and 2.7, It can and will be destroyed by anything and everything here. But keep in mind that tanks can use Artillery and Air-Spawns to take you down if they can't directly see you, so get under a roof and/or likewise cover where they can't see you nor hit you.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tires
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Hl.Gr 38B
| Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Hl.Gr 38C
| Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| K.Gr.Rot Nb.
|
|-
! colspan="6" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Adequate ammo supply for prolonged combat
* Can move forward and backwards with equal speed
* Eight-wheel drive gives it good surface traction and handling, much better manoeuvrability
* Shorter gun than [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]], making it harder to identify behind bushes
* HEAT shells are available to use
* Premium bonus

'''Cons:'''

* Very weak armour, can be penetrated by aircraft weapons and heavy machine guns
* Open-topped, making it very vulnerable to attacks from the air or artillery
* Can be disabled by aircraft simply by ramming it
* Limited gun traverse
* No MG so it has no anti-aircraft defense and bad defense against light targets
* Crew compartment is littered with ammo
* Vehicle will be immobilized if one driver is knocked out despite having two drivers in its layout, due to game mechanic limitations of having only one driver at a time
* Less penetration than the 234/2
* Gun has relatively low velocity, not suitable for long range engagements

== History ==

The blitzkrieg tactics in Poland and France gave the Germans a new appreciation of mobile and lethal reconnaissance vehicles. The Germans especially valued the armoured cars due to their speed, firepower, and their pre-war build-up as they were not restricted by the Versailles Treaty. The Germans started with armoured cars like the Sd.Kfz.231 family, each with different armaments. However, these vehicles had its flaws and in August 1940, Germany sought a replacement following the conclusion of the Battle of France.

The new vehicle was built off an improved Sd.Kfz.232 chassis made in monocoque construction by Büssing-NAG, its armoured body was made by Deutsche Edelstahlwerke, the turret by Daimler-Benz and Schichau, and air-cooled diesel engines by Ringhoffer-Tatra-Werke AG. The monocoque chassis design was built with an eight-wheel steering system, six forward and reverse gears, as well as having an additional driver seat in the rear for quick reversal get-aways. This construction led to '''Sd.Kfz.234''' family. Vehicle construction first started in 1943 as the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2|Sd.Kfz.234/2]], which had a turret originally intended for the VK 1602 Leopard mounting a [[KwK 39 (50 mm)|5 cm L/60]] gun, construction continued on this vehicle until mid-1944. The Sd.Kfz.234/2 earned the nickname "Puma" from the soldiers using it.

Production for Sd.Kfz.234/2 shifted towards other armaments in 1944 that replaced the original. This produced variants such as the [[Sd.Kfz.234/1]] which replaced the turret with an open-top one carrying a [[KwK38 (20 mm)|2 cm KwK 38]], this was produced between mid-1944 to early 1945. Right besides that, the Sd.Kfz.234/3 was produced with an open-top structure to mount a [[KwK 37 (75 mm)|75 mm howitzer]], this was produced from mid-1944 until the end of 1944. At the Sd.Kfz.234/3's production end, it was replaced by the [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]], also known as the "Pakwagen", that had the armament replaced by a [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|7.5 cm PaK 40]] anti-tank gun. This last variant was produced from the end of 1944 to the capitulation of Germany in World War II. A total of 478 Sd.Kfz.234 armoured cars were produced, 200 of the 234/1, 101 of the 234/2, 88 of the 234/3, and 89 of the 234/4.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23sdkfz234_3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|h_Gng-eiEXE|'''The Shooting Range #113''' - ''War Machines'' section at 10:49 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|QRLKBxSNyGk|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|YtJrPmBOdOI|'''Sd.Kfz.234/3: Rapid HEAT Dispenser''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


* [[Sd.Kfz.234/1]], equipped with a turreted [[KwK 38 (20 mm)|2 cm KwK 38]] autocannon.
* [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]], equipped with a turreted [[KwK 39 (50 mm)|50 mm KwK 39]] gun.
* [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]], tank destroyer version equipped with the longer [[PaK 40/3 (75 mm)|75 mm PaK 40/3]] gun.

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Sd.Kfz._234|[Wikipedia] Sd.Kfz. 234]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/nazi_germany/Sd-Kfz-234_Puma.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Sd.Kfz.234 Puma]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

Sd.Kfz.234/3

2020-09-24T17:36:08Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sdkfz_234_3
|market=Sd.Kfz.234/3 (Germany)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Sd.Kfz.234_3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] in the [[wt:en/news/5698-marathon-good-old-s-u-m-m-e-r-en|"Good Old S.U.M.M.E.R"]] event of 2018.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret, gun shield, gun mantlet)
* Structural steel (tires, suspension, mudguards)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (40°) ''Front plate'' 15 mm (70°) ''Front glacis - upper section'' 30 mm (55°) ''Front glacis - lower section'' 30 mm (35°) ''Lower glacis'' || 8 mm (35°) + 4 mm ''Top + Mudguards'' 8 mm (19°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm (38°) ''Plate connecting with the turret'' 10 mm (21°) ''Engine compartment - upper part'' 10 mm (46°) + 10 mm ''Engine compartment - lower part + add-on spare tire'' || 5 mm
|-
| Turret || 14.5 mm (34°) 14.5 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 14.5 mm || 10 mm (33°) || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Tires and suspension bars are 10 mm thick.
* Bottom of the hull is 8 mm thick. An additional 13 mm plate separates the crew compartment from the bottom plate.
* Viewports for the crew are 30 mm thick.

When dealing with the {{PAGENAME}}, the best way to deal with this tank is to catch it out of position and/or from behind. Because of its low armour values, it can be easily destroyed with 12.7 mm MG fire or HE shells to the open roof. Most AP and APHE shots will simply over-penetrate the vehicle's front armour and will not do much to the crew compartment unless aimed at specific crew locations or it hull-breaks the {{PAGENAME}}. As such, explosive ammunition or machine gun fire are the more preferred methods of elimination.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=298|rbMinHp=186}}

The {{PAGENAME}} accelerates quickly and has a very high cruise speed on hard surfaces (solid ground, roads). While its high speed is an advantage, it can turn into a disadvantage when manoeuvring at high speed: the {{PAGENAME}} starts wobbling if you turn too violently and you end up skidding uncontrollably. Be aware of this before gunning towards the frontline: limit your maximum speed and anticipate the braking phases. Like all WW2 wheeled vehicles, you can not turn on the spot and always need space to change direction. However, thanks to the orientable front and rear axles, your turn radius remains small at small speed. But remember that the faster you drive, the bigger the turn radius will be. Changing directions in a cramped street can be difficult with the {{PAGENAME}}. However, the reverse speed is very important, which mitigates the impossibility to change direction on the spot. As it is equipped with tires, the {{PAGENAME}} struggles on soft terrain (sand, mud, snow). The {{PAGENAME}} is also average at fording: 15 km/h and it loses quickly speed when driving uphill. Obstacles will also make you lose a lot of speed: avoid them as the {{PAGENAME}}'s survival relies on its mobility.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|K51 L/24 (75 mm)}}

The "Stumpwagen" is armed with the K51 L/24 gun, which is equivalent to the [[KwK 37 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK 37]] gun on the early Panzer IV tanks. The gun features the same four useful ammunition types as the KwK 37. The gun has great zoom and a very fast fire rate.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[K51 L/24 (75 mm)|75 mm K51 L/24]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±14° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.3 || 17.1 || 20.1 || 22.9 || 24.4 || rowspan="2" | 4.3 || rowspan="2" | 3.8 || rowspan="2" | 3.5 || rowspan="2" | 3.3
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The available ammunition offers a wide range of shells to engage all types of targets:

* '''K.Gr.rot Pz.''': APCBC; a slow shell with explosive filler mass that will one-shot any tank that is penetrates but has an average penetration power.
* '''Hl.Gr 38B''': HEAT; a shaped charge with good penetration and without penetration loss over distance. Only penetrates flat vertical surfaces but the post-penetration damage is very effective on open and lightly armoured vehicles.
* '''Hl.Gr 38C''': HEAT; a shaped charge with increased penetration over the previous shell. Very useful against heavily armoured targets.
* '''Sprgr. 34''': HE; useful for destroying open and lightly armoured vehicles.
* '''K.Gr.Rot Nb.''': Smoke; useful to blind enemy vehicles that are too remote for you to disable so that you can progress towards objectives.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 52 || 50 || 45 || 39 || 34 || 30
|-
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80
|-
| Hl.Gr 38C || HEAT || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 385 || 6.78 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 80 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Hl.Gr 38B || HEAT || 450 || 4.57 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 872.1 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Hl.Gr 38C || HEAT || 450 || 4.80 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 875.5 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 420 || 5.74 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 686 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| K.Gr.Rot Nb. || 423 || 6.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 45 ''(+5)'' || 39 ''(+11)'' || 35 ''(+15)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 27 ''(+23)'' || 23 ''(+27)'' || 13 ''(+37)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks Sd.Kfz.234-3.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
Notes:

* Shells in racks 1 and 2 are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Shells in racks 3 to 8 are modeled by sets of 2 and disappear after both shells in the set having been shot or loaded.
* Pack 27 ''(+23)'' shells (racks 1 to 5 emptied) to go into battle with the flanks empty of ammo.

== Usage in battles ==

This armoured car is as much fun to play as the [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]]. The short 75 mm gun and the 234 chassis work amazingly well within its battle rating. The best way to play this Rank I Goliath is to use your speed and to try to get side and rear shots on the enemy but since you have HEAT at your disposal, you are almost guaranteed to obliterate anything frontally at your battle rating and vice versa. The 234/3 has the same weaknesses as the 234/2 which means it can be and will be torn up by 12.7 mm machine gun fire, assume the position has been spotted after firing and move out via reverse. Engaging in a head-on is unadvised but you can come out kicking should you find yourself against any higher tanks as you should be able to reload fast enough, though this is not a go-to option.

The 75 mm gun is the same as early Panzer IV and can destroy any other vehicles at and above its battle rating with one hit, meanwhile, the 234/3 has a great speed of 50-60 km/h forwards and backwards to relocate. Because of this, it is possible (though not necessarily needed) to use the 75 mm and return fire while making haste. Terrain foliage such as bushes are great assets for concealment, shadows as well so use them and stay hidden.

Like its older brother, it is recommended to follow the exact same tactics, those being:

# Get behind great cover, either hard cover or visual cover (so rocks and or bushes are great)
# Use your cover for great visibility (for you to view the enemy)
# The ability to get deadly hits into the enemies

In its battle rating of 1.7, the 234/3 will face anything and everything between 1.0 and 2.7, It can and will be destroyed by anything and everything here. But keep in mind that tanks can use Artillery and Air-Spawns to take you down if they can't directly see you, so get under a roof and/or likewise cover where they can't see you nor hit you.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tires
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Hl.Gr 38B
| Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Hl.Gr 38C
| Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| K.Gr.Rot Nb.
|
|-
! colspan="6" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Adequate ammo supply for prolonged combat
* Can move forward and backwards with equal speed
* Eight-wheel drive gives it good surface traction and handling, much better manoeuvrability
* Shorter gun than [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]], making it harder to identify behind bushes
* HEAT shells are available to use
* Premium bonus

'''Cons:'''

* Very weak armour, can be penetrated by aircraft weapons and heavy machine guns
* Open-topped, making it very vulnerable to attacks from the air or artillery
* Can be disabled by aircraft simply by ramming it
* Limited gun traverse
* No MG so it has no anti-aircraft defense and bad defense against light targets
* Crew compartment is littered with ammo
* Vehicle will be immobilized if one driver is knocked out despite having two drivers in its layout, due to game mechanic limitations of having only one driver at a time
* Less penetration than the 234/2

== History ==

The blitzkrieg tactics in Poland and France gave the Germans a new appreciation of mobile and lethal reconnaissance vehicles. The Germans especially valued the armoured cars due to their speed, firepower, and their pre-war build-up as they were not restricted by the Versailles Treaty. The Germans started with armoured cars like the Sd.Kfz.231 family, each with different armaments. However, these vehicles had its flaws and in August 1940, Germany sought a replacement following the conclusion of the Battle of France.

The new vehicle was built off an improved Sd.Kfz.232 chassis made in monocoque construction by Büssing-NAG, its armoured body was made by Deutsche Edelstahlwerke, the turret by Daimler-Benz and Schichau, and air-cooled diesel engines by Ringhoffer-Tatra-Werke AG. The monocoque chassis design was built with an eight-wheel steering system, six forward and reverse gears, as well as having an additional driver seat in the rear for quick reversal get-aways. This construction led to '''Sd.Kfz.234''' family. Vehicle construction first started in 1943 as the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2|Sd.Kfz.234/2]], which had a turret originally intended for the VK 1602 Leopard mounting a [[KwK 39 (50 mm)|5 cm L/60]] gun, construction continued on this vehicle until mid-1944. The Sd.Kfz.234/2 earned the nickname "Puma" from the soldiers using it.

Production for Sd.Kfz.234/2 shifted towards other armaments in 1944 that replaced the original. This produced variants such as the [[Sd.Kfz.234/1]] which replaced the turret with an open-top one carrying a [[KwK38 (20 mm)|2 cm KwK 38]], this was produced between mid-1944 to early 1945. Right besides that, the Sd.Kfz.234/3 was produced with an open-top structure to mount a [[KwK 37 (75 mm)|75 mm howitzer]], this was produced from mid-1944 until the end of 1944. At the Sd.Kfz.234/3's production end, it was replaced by the [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]], also known as the "Pakwagen", that had the armament replaced by a [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|7.5 cm PaK 40]] anti-tank gun. This last variant was produced from the end of 1944 to the capitulation of Germany in World War II. A total of 478 Sd.Kfz.234 armoured cars were produced, 200 of the 234/1, 101 of the 234/2, 88 of the 234/3, and 89 of the 234/4.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23sdkfz234_3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|h_Gng-eiEXE|'''The Shooting Range #113''' - ''War Machines'' section at 10:49 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|QRLKBxSNyGk|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|YtJrPmBOdOI|'''Sd.Kfz.234/3: Rapid HEAT Dispenser''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


* [[Sd.Kfz.234/1]], equipped with a turreted [[KwK 38 (20 mm)|2 cm KwK 38]] autocannon.
* [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]], equipped with a turreted [[KwK 39 (50 mm)|50 mm KwK 39]] gun.
* [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]], tank destroyer version equipped with the longer [[PaK 40/3 (75 mm)|75 mm PaK 40/3]] gun.

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Sd.Kfz._234|[Wikipedia] Sd.Kfz. 234]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/nazi_germany/Sd-Kfz-234_Puma.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Sd.Kfz.234 Puma]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

RakJPz 2 (HOT)

2020-09-23T20:28:04Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_raketenjagdpanzer_2_hot}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. Compared to its [[RakJPz 2|predecessor]], this variant has an upgraded missile known as the '''HOT''' ('''H'''igh Subsonic '''O'''ptical Remote-Guided, '''T'''ube-Launched) that is aimed by simply sticking the gun's sight onto the desired target.

Due to its relatively low profile, the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 HOT is able to completely conceal itself behind hills and rocks and fire over them. This allows for quick hit and run strikes, and ambushes are made much easier. According to several commanders, the reverse rate of this vehicle is outstanding, allowing retreat if needed. The ATGM itself is rather glitchy in long-range flight but is outstanding in mid to close range engagements. However, it cannot fire directly in front of it, nor does the ATGM perform well in vertical manoeuvring.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50 mm (51°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (54°) ''Lower glacis'' || 30 mm (35°) ''Top'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (44°) ''Top'' 30 mm (41°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm
|-
| Turret || 20 mm || 20 mm || 20 mm || 20 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Turret has a very low profile, but is very vulnerable

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=710|rbMinHp=442}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|HOT-K3S}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[HOT-K3S]] ATGM || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 20 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+10° || rowspan="2" | ±15° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.0 || 30.5 || 37.0 || 40.9 || 43.5 || rowspan="2" | 10.0 || rowspan="2" | 10.0 || rowspan="2" | 10.0 || rowspan="2" | 10.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.8 || 17.5 || 21.3 || 23.5 || 25.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| HOT || ATGM || 700 || 700 || 700 || 700 || 700 || 700
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| HOT || ATGM || 240 || 4,000 || 26.0 || 0 || 0.1 || 3,000 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Last updated: 1.101.0.71'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''20''' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* It is not possible to select how many missiles to bring into battle.
* Missiles are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Missiles deplete from rack 1 then 2. Rack 3 represents the ATGM launcher.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || -10°/+20° || ±90°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The RakJPz 2 (HOT) is a very deadly vehicle if played correctly. The vehicle is extremely lightly armored and has to be mainly played in defensive positions. The location of the launcher and sight give it the ability to hide the hull of the vehicle and only expose the launcher keeping you protected while still being able to destroy oncoming enemies.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
|
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Smoke grenade
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Low profile
* Good horizontal control of the ATGM
* Amazing penetration
* Fast and manoeuvrable
* HOT missile can penetrate Rank VI special armour
* Can fire on the move

'''Cons:'''

* Poor vertical control of the ATGM
* If flanked, cannot return fire easily
* Fires up initially, preventing the tank from firing directly in front of it
* When the missile is fired, it will move around leading to inaccurate fire and the player has no control over the consistency of the movements.

== History ==

{{main|Raketenjagdpanzer 2 (History)}}

===Development===
In the 1960s, development of a missile carrier acting as a tank destroyer. The result came in 1961 with the ''Raketenjagdpanzer 1'', which features the French SS.11 anti-tank missile. The Raketenjagdpanzer 1 features two mounts for the missiles, but only one is available at a time as while one remains ready to fire, the other is reloading inside the vehicle. The vehicle can hold 10 missiles inside on a Hispano-Suiza HS-30 chassis. The vehicle carried lots of problems with the HS-30 chassis so only a limited amount was made at only 95 vehicles produced from 1961 to 1962. A second version was produced alongside the [[JPz 4-5|Jagdpanzer 4-5]] between 1963 and 1965, and the two were designed on the same chassis. The finished model was designated the ''[[RakJPz 2|Raketenjagdpanzer 2]]'' and this was accepted into service in 1967 for the German Bundeswehr. The Raketenjagdpanzer 2 was produced from 1967 to 1968 with a total of 318 units produced.

===Design===
Though slightly larger than the Raketenjagdpanzer 1, the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 had better automotive performances with a newer chassis and using a 500 hp diesel engine and a torsion bar suspension. The new vehicle chassis design allowed for increased missile storage for 14 SS.11 missiles. The Raketenjagdpanzer 2 features two rails for the missiles, both ready to fire and reloads are done automatically by each mount inside the vehicle. The SS.11 missiles allow the vehicle to engage enemy armour up to 3 kilometres away, with the missiles strong enough to take out most Soviet armour at the time. MG3 machine guns were added onto the vehicle for anti-infantry and anti-aircraft defence purposes.

===Usage===
The German Bundeswehr used the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 from 1967 as far as to the early 2000s. The Raketenjagdpanzer 2's purpose was to engage enemy armour in the ranges between 1.5 to 3 kilometres away, which tank armaments accuracy and power are reduced at the distances. The SS.11 missile's range and lethality made the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 perfect for its role as it could defeat the main Soviet tanks such as the [[T-54 (1951)|T-54/55]] and [[T-62]]. The Germans organized the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 in tank destroyer companies attached to Panzergrenadier brigades and Panzer brigades, with eight vehicles per company in the Panzergrenadier brigades and 13 vehicles per company in the Panzer brigades. When the manual-guided SS.11 missiles became obsolete, the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 underwent an upgrade between 1978 and 1982 in armour and in its missile armament from the SS.11 to the '''HOT''' ('''H'''igh Subsonic '''O'''ptical Remote-Guided, '''T'''ube-Launched) missiles with improved lethality and guidance system. The upgraded Raketenjagdpanzer 2 was called the '''[[RakJPz 2 (HOT)|Raketenjagdpanzer 2 HOT]]'''. This saw an improvement again between 1993 and 1995 when some extra armour, a new optic, and thermal imaging system were installed into the vehicle. This upgrade was called the Raketenjagdpanzer 3 Jaguar 1A3. The Raketenjagdpanzers were retired from the Bundeswehr in 2005 and the Austrian army in 2006, never seeing combat in the Cold War.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=germ_raketenjagdpanzer_2_hot Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|cv79zrNctuA|'''{{PAGENAME}}: Ready for the new E.R.A.?''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


* [[JPz 4-5]]
* [[RakJPz 2]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3737-development-raketenjagdpanzer-2-the-low-profile-slinger-en|[Devblog] Raketenjagdpanzer 2, the Low Profile Slinger]]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

M60 AMBT

2020-09-23T20:25:36Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m60a3_slep
|market=items_M60 AMBT (USA)
}}
{{About
| about = gift American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = M60 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Starfighters"]] as a reward for World War Mode [[Season 3: Road to the West]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


'''Armour Composition'''

* Cast Homogeneous Armour - The main armour of the turret and hull.
* Rolled Homogeneous Armour - Engine deck and engine compartment rear, additional armour panels (upper and lower glacis).
* Structural Steel - Slat armour, fenders, storage boxes.
* Gun Steel - All gun barrels.
* Composite Screens - Sidescreens.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 108 mm (65) ''Upper Glacis''
137 mm (52) ''Lower Glacis'' 117 mm (55) ''Lower Glacis (Bottom)''

114 mm ''Turret Ring Guard''
| 36 - 70 mm ''Sides''
50.8 mm ''Turret Ring Guard''
| 25 mm ''Engine Compartment Rear''
40 mm ''Rear'' 28 mm ''Lower Rear''

50.8 mm ''Turret Ring Guard''
| 36 mm ''Driver's Compartment''
20 mm ''Engine Deck''
|-
| Turret || 230.9 mm ''Front'' Sides
76.2 mm ''Below and Above Mantlet'' 127 mm ''Gun Mantlet (Inner)'' 50.8 mm ''Gun Mantlet (Outer)''
| 53.8 - 230.9 mm ''Right Side''
49.8 - 215.9 mm ''Left Side''
| 57 mm ''Turret Bustle Rear''
25.4 mm ''Lower Rear'' ''and Bustle Underside''
| 48 mm ''Front''
25.4 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Cupola || 35 mm (Various Angles) ''Front''
35 mm (Various Angles) ''Mantlet''
| 26 mm || 26 mm || 30 mm
|-
|Additional
Armour
|6.35 mm ''Turret Front (Around Mantlet)''
25 mm ''Upper and Lower Glacis''
|65 mm Composite Screens ''Hull Sides''
30 mm Slat Armour ''Turret Sides''

6.35 mm ''Front and Rear Track Guards''
|30 mm Slat Armour ''Turret Rear''
|25.4 mm ''Autocannon Platform''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* The additional armour does not cover the entire face of the surface it is located on
* All Suspension Parts - 20 mm
* Tracks - 30 mm
* Turret Ring - 50.4 mm
* Fenders - 4 mm
* Storage boxes (4 mm) are mounted on top of the fenders

=== Mobility ===

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,860|rbMinHp=1,061}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M256 (120 mm)}}
The M256 is the same cannon that is used on the [[M1A1 Abrams|M1A1]] and [[M1A2 Abrams]]. The main item that differentiates this cannon from the M1A2's is the round. The M60 AMBT has the "KE-W" APFSDS round which has very high penetration for its BR. The round can be reliably shot centre mass and penetrate most opponents it faces, excluding the top BR tanks in a full uptier. 583 mm at 0° point-blank is an extremely potent round for most engagement ranges you will experience. The AMBT Also has access to the M830 HEAT-FS round which can be useful for killing lightly armoured vehicles and destroying some map obstacles such as buildings or trees. The M60 AMBT also has decent gun handling up its sleeve, it is not the fastest at the BR but it can definitely compete. The vehicle shares the same reload as similar 120 mm and 105 mm cannons: 8.7s reload stock, 7.7s reload maxed crew, 6.7s reload with an aced crew.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M256 (120 mm)|120 mm M256]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 ||64.0||70.8|| 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 8.7 || rowspan="2" |7.7|| rowspan="2" |7.1|| rowspan="2" | 6.7
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 ||34.0||37.6|| 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| KE-W || APFSDS || 583 || 579 || 569 || 556 || 542 || 528
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.10 || N/A || 0.1 || 2,360 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| KE-W || APFSDS || 1,585 || 4.00 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 26 ''(+14)'' || 11 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Rack 3 is the first order ammo rack. It totals 10 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 3 - 1 - 2.
* If you pack 26 ''(+14)'' shells, the rack depletion order will be 3 - 2.

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|LW25 (25 mm)}}
''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[LW25 (25 mm)|25 mm LW25]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 300 (300) || rowspan="2" | 201 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+28° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 29.0 || 40.0 || __.__ || __.__ || 56.0 || rowspan="2" | 0.5 || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | 0.4
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 18.0 || 21.0 || __.__ || __.__ || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M792 || HEI-T || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M792 || HEI-T || 900 || 0.50 || N/A || 0.1 || 54.4 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M85 (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M85 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M85]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 900 (200) || 626 || -4°/+60° || -95°/+160°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,950 (200) || 750 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''-->

The M60 AMBT, excels as a tank which is able to defend cap zones and destroy foes at far ranges. However, it lack's protection which other MBT's have. The main weakness of the M60 AMBT is, the armour and pure size of it. All enemy tanks which it engages within combat, are able to penetrate it with ease.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| KE-W
| Smoke grenade
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Laser rangefinder
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has the second highest penetrating APFSDS round in the game (after the Swedish/Italian 625 mm round), allowing effective engagement of any target from the front.
* Has much higher mobility than the other M60 series tanks, making it much more pleasant to play.
* Has a 25 mm autocannon on the turret roof, allowing easier engagement of low-flying helicopters.
* Is protected on the sides by composite screens and slat armour which can protect against HEAT projectiles and low-penetration autocannons, though it should not be relied upon.
* No ammunition is located in the turret bustle, which means shots to the turret will almost never kill it in one shot.

'''Cons:'''

* Has a stock HEATFS round with the APFSDS round as a Tier III modification; HEATFS can be useful but is generally less effective and versatile than APFSDS.
* Lacks useful armour such as composite or spaced armour: just about any shell that hits it is going to penetrate except for low-penetration autocannons from the front.
* Has a very large and weak mantlet which is able to be penetrated by high-penetration autocannons, such as those on the CV90 series; the turret ring is a target for even weak autocannons.
* Despite the much more powerful engine when compared to earlier M60s, the AMBT still does not have the mobility of the other MBTs at its BR.
* The commander's cupola is very large and the 25 mm gun is mounted high above the turret, and they will often give away your position, especially when trying to go hull down or when cresting a hill or ridge.
* Relatively tall silhouette, enemies have no problem identifying and spotting you.

== History ==


In 2011, the Turkish company StandartBio proposed a large-scale modernization program for outdated M60 tanks. The program was called the Affordable Main Battle Tank (AMBT) and was aimed to increase combat effectiveness of M60 tanks to a level roughly equivalent to modern main battle tanks. The main changes of this modernization were a new 1200 hp diesel engine, a modern fire control system with a ballistic computer and independent stabilization of the aiming line through a digital gunner's sight, as well as a new smooth-bore M256 120-mm gun. The tank's protection also increased slightly by installing solid hull side screens and tower slat screens. In addition, the tank received an electric turret drive, new surveillance optics, and a 25-mm automatic cannon in the commander's turret. The AMBT modernization program was designed entirely for foreign operators of the M60 from several countries in Africa and Southeast Asia.

- From ''[[wt:en/news/6779-development-vehicles-of-world-war-il-2-m-82-and-m60-ambt-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=us_m60a3_slep Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150px">
File:M60A3 SLEP Logo (1).jpg|
File:M60A3 SLEP special camo.jpg|Tricolor summer camouflage of the Turkish Armed Forces, rewarded for collecting 9 World War Stars
File:M60A3 SLEP Logo (2).jpg|
File:M60A3 SLEP Logo (3).jpg|
File:M60A3 SLEP Logo (4).jpg|
File:M60A3 SLEP Logo (5).jpg|
File:M60A3 SLEP Logo (6).jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Z09VhocmW04|'''The Shooting Range #206''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the M60 AMBT.|OJf4ng1-Pzo|'''Hard Hitting WWM Reward: M60 AMBT''' - ''Napalmratte''|zoBPU0n65_A|'''The M60 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:34 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[M60 (Family)]]

;Vehicles equipped with the same gun

* [[M1A1 Abrams]]
* [[M1A2 Abrams]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6779-development-vehicles-of-world-war-il-2-m-82-and-m60-ambt-en|[Development] Vehicles of World War: IL-2(M-82) and M60 AMBT]]

{{USA medium tanks}}

M50

2020-09-23T20:24:06Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m50_ontos}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''', also known by the nickname '''Ontos''', is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A."]].

The M50 "Ontos" is pretty much a bulky carrier of recoilless rifles, carrying a payload of six shells of devastating HEAT and HESH shells. With six launchers pointing forwards, a well-emplaced M50 can point itself downrange and once a target comes into its sights, unleash all shells until the target is annihilated.

A stealthy and pouncing game style is needed to make the most of the hard-hitting guns and the thin armour of the Ontos.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 10-13 (70°) ''Front glacis'' 13 mm (45-66°) ''Lower glacis'' || 13 mm (43°) ''Top'' 13 mm ''Bottom'' || 13 mm (36°) ''Top'' 13 mm ''Bottom'' || 13 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 13 mm || 13 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 20 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=206|rbMinHp=128}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M40A1C (106 mm)}}

The turret displacement is limited without being a huge handicap as it allows to cover a wide area without (±40°) having to reposition the hull. And in the case your guns reach a stop, repositioning the hull is quickly done.

The targeting process is manual and in average twice slower than tanks with turrets at the same tier or battle rating. However, the recoilless nature of the guns eliminates the need for retargeting between shots as the recoil is minimal. The short delay between shots eliminates the need for repositioning as it does not leave the target any time to retaliate.

An aspect to consider is the offset of the guns from the central target sight: at close range its impact is minimal but becomes noticeable when firing at specific weak spots on targets at a distance. Using the scouting MGs can help you assess the off-set but will reveal your position. Given the rifles layout of the Ontos, it is recommended to fire by salvos of 3 shells to guarantee a good balance between rate of fire and accuracy.

Like for a SPAA belt, you have to fire all 6 rifles before being allowed to start the reloading process. Your ammo capacity of 18 shells total (or 3 belts of 6) is limited, which will impact your combat performance as you're very likely to have to disengage in order to restock during a battle.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M40A1C (106 mm)|106 mm M40A1C]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 18 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±40° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 18.65 || 21.94 || 26.64 || 29.46 || 31.34 || rowspan="2" | 16.90 || rowspan="2" | 14.95 || rowspan="2" | 13.78 || rowspan="2" | 13.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 10.71 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M344A1 || HEAT || 433 || 433 || 433 || 433 || 433 || 433
|-
| M361A1 || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M344A1 || HEAT || 502 || 10.0 || N/A || 0.5 || 1,650 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M361A1 || HESH || 498 || 10.0 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 5,040 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''18''' || 14 ''(+4)'' || 0 ''(+18)'' || No
|-
|}

Six shells are loaded per reload. Individual tube reload is not possible.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M80 (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M80 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M80]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Coaxial || 120 (5) || 300 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Coaxial || 120 (5) || 300 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Coaxial || 120 (5) || 300 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Coaxial || 120 (5) || 300 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (250) || 500 || -5°/+50° || ±70°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:M50 Ontos at the National Museum of the Marine Corps.jpg|thumb|310x310px|M50 Ontos at the National Museum of the Marine Corps]]

Obviously the M50 is not a main battle tank, with its thin armour even Reserve units are a threat! Stealth and guile is the tactic, using its high mobility and small size to get in ambush or outflank an enemy push fast. Memorize shooting spots, be it concealed ambush points or sheltered ranged locations overlooking active routes. The most important tactic is '''''learn how to operate it!''''' Keymap a separate trigger for the spotting gun and learn the firing sequence! Nothing worse than sight a perfect target, but the gun on the wrong side is fired into a rock! Also keep in mind the turret has only 80 degrees of traverse (+/- 40), a consideration during tactical manoeuvres. Still, compared to other ATG's this traverse is much wider, and also has a respectable -10 depression. Add that -10 degrees and angled position to the already extremely sloped front glacis armour and one could be bouncing large calibre AP rounds! Don't forgot to spot enemies too, make them feel the pressure, not you.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Airstrike
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Improved optics
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Six recoilless 106 mm rifles
* The guns can be fired within 0.5 seconds of each other, allowing rapid fire on one helpless target
* Stock shells of HEAT and HESH
* The HEAT shell is really effective, literally point and shoot
* Four heavy machine guns coaxial to guns - can be used for spotting to adjust aim and estimate ranges
* Nice 33 mph/53 kph speed, can get to ambush or sniping positions early game or rush capture point
* Quite effective in urban fighting since low-velocity shells do not matter in close quarter combat

'''Cons:'''

* No armour whatsoever (can be easily destroyed by heavy MG rounds or via air strafing)
* Only 18 rounds - can't miss and be wasteful
* Only 2 crew members - one shot is most likely to put you out of action
* Spotting machine guns are hard to utilize, firing only in unison with the guns as default or separately with key bindings
* Pintle mounted machine gun is quite ineffective against even aircraft found at this rank
* Use of spotting Gun and main gun needs practice to be proficient and successful
* Guns are very loud and will bring the enemy's notice to your location
* Relatively expensive repair cost for a light tank/tank destroyer

== History ==

It was such a strange "tank" the only word the US Army could think of for this strange thing was, well, "Thing", except someone was clever and used the Greek word, '''ὄντος''' (really, truly [exists]). Due to mountainous and difficult terrain of Korea brought the US Army revisited the idea of a light tank. It was quite an ingenious design made very quickly. The prototype was based on an M56 Scorpion ATG chassis, used a common truck engine, and mounted six very powerful M40A1C recoilless rifle guns and be light enough for air transport. The prototype was finished in 1952 and by 1955 completed its testing where it fulfilled its design requirements, but the Army simply did not like this monstrosity and decided against it. The US Marines on the other hand was not as picky and loved this highly mobile light tank with a huge punch, so ordered 297 in 1955. The design was reworked with a new chassis, new running gear with wide thread (ditching the M56 design), better internal layout, and other minor improvements that made the Ontos a unique one off design. While it had a few flaws, it was reliable enough to accomplish its mission.

The key to the M50’s offensive power is the 106mm M40A1C recoilless rifle firing devastating HEAT or HESH (later an anti-infantry "beehive") rounds with its integrated M8C .50 cal spotting rifle using a 10 or 20 round magazine. It should be noted the M8C is a shorter round (12.7x77mm, M48A2 Spotter-Tracer (S) bullets only) that the better known .50 AN/M2 BMG (12.7x99mm). Every M40 produced had the M8C, but on the M50 the lowest 2 barrels have this spotting rifle removed leaving an empty mounting post. If wanted (but not recommended) all 6 guns can be fired at once delivering far more destructive offensive load than any tank then or today. The nature of recoilless rifles is a powerful blow back, during a test firing all 6 simultaneously it knocked bricks out of a building and shattered a few car windows. In between is mounted a single pintel mounted .30 calibre M1919A4 machine gun for anti-infantry use.

The first combat use of the Ontos occurred in 1964 Dominican Republic Civil War where it reported destroyed an AMX-13 and an old Swedish L-60 (the only time it was used for purpose built, destroying tanks). But it was the following year when it was deployed to Vietnam did it shine.

Vietnam was extremely hostile to tanks not due to enemies but the environment. Jungle, swamp, rice fields, mountains, rivers, a limited road network with small bridges; it was a nightmare for regular tanks but the Ontos could glide over them with ease. Enemy Vietnamese troops rarely used tanks and few anti-tank guns so there was little threat from them, the paper thin armour was more than enough to resist small arms and heavy MG fire most often encountered. The significant vulnerability of reloading the 6 guns was largely moot as the fearsome reputation of this 6 shooter beast often cleared out enemy positions soon after it started shooting. Unfortunately its age was its greatest enemy. Over 10 years old and long out of production breakdowns became more frequent, some were cannibalized for parts and the turrets where mounted to fixed positions as point defence. Despite its unprecedented success in Vietnam its limited numbers, scattered deployment, breakdowns, and frequent rotation, it did not gain as much fame as it could have. More of footnote today, this unusual tank was the perfect vehicle for very difficult conflict.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=us_m50_ontos Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|VFEv4q3G5Us|'''Most unusual vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:38 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|YuBjyMQLRy0|'''Airmobile tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:44 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4905-gamescom-m50-ontos-something-out-of-the-ordinary-en|[Devblog] M50 Ontos - Something Out of The Ordinary]]

{{USA tank destroyers}}

T95

2020-09-23T20:23:01Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_t95}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_T95GMC.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"]].

The T95 is good at providing support and dragging enemy fire. As of [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]], the T95 shares the HE-filled APCBC T13 shells, researchable at tier 1 modifications, giving it an incredible punch that puts it on par with the [[Jagdtiger]]. It is very well known for its amazing frontal armour, hard to penetrate for the majority of guns at its rank. Experienced enemy players are aware of the T95's downsides: one hit weak spots, poor top speed, long reload and they will subsequently use it against the ''mighty Doom Turtle''.

The T95 is a very heavy and slow TD, the main purpose of which is to hold and defend a tactical position or to lead a forward push, thereby giving allied vehicles the the chance to strike at the enemy, most likely distracted by the defying task of taking down the immensely armoured T95.

Even with its great frontal armour, a few enemies can still destroy the T95 frontally by using HEAT ammo (e.g. [[M103|M103]]: 380 mm and [[SU-122-54]]: 400mm pen), or for any other tank starting with [[:Category:Third_rank_ground_vehicles|rank 3]] by hitting the two obvious weak spots.

To hide the weak spots, one should try to find a spot where the cupolas are at well hidden from the enemy, either by finding a favourable slope or a high place, thus angling the vehicle to a point where only the front armour plates are in the sights of the enemy. Staying out of range (+600 m) to deny easy hits, alternatively, is a simple yet still quite effective tactic. Whenever an object such as a pillar presents itself in a combat area, the T95 driver should cleverly place the driver's cupola behind it — as with any other vehicle, proper use of the terrain is of utmost importance.

Despite its bad top speed, the T95 has amazing traverse speed, making it quite hard for an enemy (even light tank) to flank. This is further enhanced with good lower side armour and well angled top side armour. The sides are around 210 mm total with spaced armour in the tracks, any shot that hits it using HE-filled rounds will often explode before penetration inside occurs.

Though the T95 is a walking shield (aside from the two weak spots), the tank is very situational due to its slow speed. It has advantages in smaller maps with narrow corridors, such as city-based maps, while it struggles in larger maps with hilly terrain due to its poor climbing ability.

Using the explosive-filled T13 shell (APCBC), the T95 can dispatch almost any tank it can penetrate in one go, given that the necessary conditions of detonation are present, i.e. the penetration of 20mm of armour and the total of 1.2m travelled — a lucky [[ASU-85]] could endure a hit from the side without the customary fate of disastrous explosion, but these rare moments shouldn't be expected by anyone versing the T95. Anyways, the 12.7mm machine gun does a fine job at disposing of such lightly armoured targets when the necessity arises.

The .50 calibre machine gun is mounted on the commander's cupola and manned by the very same, this heavy machine gun allows for decent anti-air fire arcs. Fire arcs are ~300° with a small dead spot to the rear and ~80° upwards, or rather for how much the camera allows for. If used freely and without constraint, the ammo will drain quickly. Some moderation is advised, given the lack of a co-axial MG for clearing bushes and fences. Clearing obstacles is the secondary armaments primary usage. Mostly due to the cannons low mounting height. Even small fences can obstruct the sight.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour
*Cast homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull basic || 305 mm (0-29°) ''Front'' 133.35 mm (60°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 152 mm bottom 63.5mm top|| 50.8 mm || 38.1 mm
|-
|Cupola
|76.2 mm
|76.2 mm
|76.2 mm
|76.2 mm
|-
| Additional armour || 292.1 mm ''Mantlet'' 76.2 mm ''Cupolas'' 76.2 mm ''track guard''|| 76.2 - 101.6 mm ''lower track guard'' 63.5 mm ''upper outer track guard'' 25.4 mm ''upper inner track guard (drawer)''|| N/A || 38.1mm ''radiator cover''
|}

*Engine-crew-compartment wall is 25.4mm
*Plenty of attached ''rolled homogeneous'' accessory with 25.4mm
*25.4mm of belly armour at quite a big height off the ground. Therefore safe from 122mm cannons using HE between the tracks.
*20mm of ''structural steel'' for suspension and rollers. The track section is riddled with them

=== Mobility ===

[[File:T95 firing.jpg|thumbnail|right|In the ruins of the Berlin map this T95 wears the "Destruction" decal, unlockable for defeating 700 enemy tanks with US ground forces.]]

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=710|rbMinHp=442}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|T5E1 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[T5E1 (105 mm)|105 mm T5E1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 62 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+19° || rowspan="2" | -10°/+11° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||8.8||12.2||14.8||16.4||17.4|| rowspan="2" |20.0|| rowspan="2" | 17.7 || rowspan="2" | 16.3 || rowspan="2" | 15.4
|-
! ''Realistic''
|5.9||7.0|| 8.5 ||9.4|| 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
'''T32 ''APBC''''' 
The stock shell and previously the only one ever needed, unless engaging in combat over 1,000 m distance. It features decent normalization and good penetration even at ~60°, unlike the T29E3 APCR. Only downfall is the 50% ricochet chance against ~60° angled armour plates, like the frontal plate of the [[T-54 (1947)|T-54s]], which the shell would otherwise easily penetrate up to 1,000 m range([[T-54 (1949)|mod. 1949]] & [[T-54 (1951)|mod. 1951]]). 
Post-penetration effects are meagre. No HE filler, therefore only spalling and direct impact cause damage. For ammo racks, the detonation chance is roughly 5-10%. A bit better for starting fires, though. Therefore focus on crew members and vital modules.

'''T29E3 ''APCR''''' 
+50 mm penetration on all ranges looks good on paper, but a further check reveals a great disadvantage. With greater armour angles the penetration quickly drops, even past the stock APBC shot! And as angled plates become very common in era IV, this shell can just be ignored. Exemption is on ranges '''exceeding 1,000 m.''' Pack extra for expected long-range sniper duels. 
Additionally, the post-penetration effects are small and angle normalization does not happen upon impact. Direct hits on ammo racks have a small chance to cause an explosion like the APBC. Focus fire on crewmen and important modules!

'''T30E1 ''HE''''' 
Despite the calibre the HE is worse than similar calibres found on [[Tiger II (10.5 cm Kw.K)|King Tiger's]] [[KwK L/68 (105 mm)|105 mm]] and [[D-10S (100 mm)|D-10 cannon]], even less than on [[M3A1 (90 mm)|90 mm cannons]] on the [[M46|Patton]]'s. Damage against common [[:Category:Anti-aircraft_vehicles|SPAA]] is therefore unsatisfactory and the roof mounted [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|M2HB Browning]] heavy machine gun is the better weapon of choice.

'''T13 ''APCBC''''' 
This should be the go-to ammunition with the T95, at any range. While it sacrifices some penetration (about 40mm at many ranges when compared to the T32 APBC), it has a HE filler. This allows this shell to one-shot almost anything it penetrates. It has massive post-penetration damage, and this is why the sacrifice of raw penetration is worth it. Despite the lower penetration, with proper aiming, the T13 shot can penetrate any tank it sees. When fighting King Tigers, simply aim for the turret faces (right side preferably) and lower glacis. When fighting T-44s and T-55s, aim for the turret faces, to the left and right of the gun, or the cupola if close enough to consistently hit. When fighting another heavy TD like the Jadgtiger, simply aim for the lower glacis, while it will rarely be a one-shot like this, it will immobilize him, and allow the leisure of finishing it off at an opportune time. Tanks like the IS-3 and T-10 are one of the greatest challenges for this shot, as their pike fronts are usually strong enough to bounce it if they are facing the T95. To defeat them aim for the area right at the top of the pike and below the gun, though this can be challenging. The cupola is again a valid target for pike front soviet heavies if close enough. To destroy an IS-6 frontally, aim for turret front, cupolas, or right under the gun where the shot can bounce down into the hull. While on paper, this shot lacks the penetration to penetrate the front of the Maus turret, it can actually penetrate it due to the armour penalty that the Maus has, which makes its armour weaker. Most other tanks can simply be shot centre of mass.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| T32 || APCBC || 256 || 253 || 238 || 221 || 205 || 190
|-
| T13 || APCBC || 253 || 250 || 236 || 219 || 204 || 190
|-
| T29E3 || APCR || 292 || 287 || 266 || 242 || 220 || 200
|-
| T30E1 || HE || 20 || 20 || 20 || 20 || 20 || 20
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| T32 || APCBC || 914 || 17.70 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T13 || APCBC || 899 || 18.59 || 1.2 || 19.0 || 177.38 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T29E3 || APCR || 1,128 || 11.20 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| T30E1 || HE || 945 || 15.20 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 1,550 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''62''' || style="text-align:right" | ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 57 ''(+5)'' 52 ''(+10)'' || 47 ''(+15)'' 41 ''(+21)'' || 42 ''(+20)'' 36 ''(+26)'' || 37 ''(+25)'' 31 ''(+31)'' || 31 ''(+31)'' 25 ''(+37)'' || 25 ''(+37)'' 19 ''(+43)'' || 19 ''(+43)'' 13 ''(+49)'' || 13 ''(+49)'' 7 ''(+55)'' || 7 ''(+55)'' 1 ''(+61)'' || 1 ''(+61)''   || style="text-align:center" |Yes: Rack 2 holds 10 instead of 11 shells Right upper rear rack (x) currently never depletes
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_T28GMC.png|right|thumbnail|Ammo racks of the [[T28]] (identical to the T95).|300px]]

20 rounds are enough for [[:Category:Game_modes|AB]]

30 rounds are enough for [[:Category:Game_modes|RB]]/[[:Category:Game_modes|SB]]

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -10°/+70° || ±140°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

With this in mind let us talk about the need for speed:

The Doom Turtle is slow. Very slow. To be exact the slowest vehicle in-game, if we exclude a [[F-86F-2|F-86F]] without the engines running.

For tactics, we must rather think of strategy: It may only reach one specific point through an entire match, so make sure the T95 is actually needed at that point or all that will be spent is digital gasoline.

Study the map and look for choke points, places of fierce narrow fielded conflict. Points were fighting will always take place.

There are two main playstyles: '''Support''' and '''CHARGE!!!'''. Playstyle does not really change with the game modes, they can be universally used.

=====Support=====
The biggest problem of the Doom Turtle is the weak spots, undermining the trade-off speed for armour. However, if the T95 stays beyond decent accuracy (+500 m), or gain height advantage and use gun depression, then the weak spots are no longer accessible. Do not mistake this with a sniper role! The average range should be 400m to 800m. Stay with the team, the T95 is their shield. Be a classic ''tank'' in RPG sense. If the situation is about to grind down and come to hold, change to the '''CHARGE!!!''' strategy (see below).

The main task is to provide fire assistance since the cannon is not made to take out tanks and features a long reload, disabling enemy tanks with engine hits is the priority. Further, draw the enemies attention to the T95. Force foes into sniper duels. Every shot at the T95 is one away from an ally. To enhance this sit in an exposed position and attack enemies with the machine gun. Make them shoot at the T95. Once using the T13 shell, the disabling shots the T32 made will turn into nasty shots with post-penetration damages.

Good places to go for are where the heavy tanks would rush to fight with their armour. Or spots medium tanks use but do not hide in the cover, leave it open for the allied medium tanks. Their support is essential to enhance the T95 own's slow firing rate. Playing driving cover/pillbox is also something to consider under these circumstances.

=====Charge=====
[[File:T95 - putting up pressure.jpg|thumbnail|'''CHARGE!!!''' Although going this close is ill-advised, as for enemy tanks can have better reverse speeds than the T95 can drive forwards. Not to mention the cupola weak spots becomes an easy target. '' However!'' The T95 is putting pressure on and places the opponent under stress. Psychological effects should not be underestimated. In this case, the [[Tiger II (10.5 cm Kw.K)|Kingtiger 105]] got stuck on the rubble pile and is further blocking his allied [[IS-4M]] the sight. Reversing now allows for a free shot into the Tigers transmission, locking him in place.]]
The following tactic goes against anything one would expect with the above and described the tank's issues. While it sounds easy, there must be put a lot of thought into it to succeed.

Press and hold "W" and click "Mouse button 1" once in a while. It, in theory, will get the T95 heavily damaged or even destroyed, but in practice, a 86 tonnes vehicle is determined to steamroll everything in its path . . . and everyone gets scared, panicked even. An example can be seen in the screenshot on the right

But which place to charge through like the Light Brigade? The goal of this attack is to push the team out of camping positions and draw selected enemy's fire onto the T95. Long narrow sections with decent cover left and right is good places. Other places would be on the edge of the map and come in from an angle, limiting the foes attack front to only <100°. Having on to worry about only one side armour section allows for good angling opportunities. On Poland, the northern town's part in domination is a good example of this. The northern side is usually clear and south are only has got a few spots where fire can hit the side, make sure to turn south at those spots to further improve the south facing side armour via armour angling. 
Next step ones close enough is to capture the control point and/or keep advancing into the enemy to dig them out. 
Now, once the position is secured, the strategy can be changed to a Support role (see above), or go sneaky and hide around a corner.

Main difference to support is the change of module targets: Gun breech and gunner are to priorities, as this close up the T95's weak spots are very easy to hit. Further keep spamming the machine gun, to cloud the foe's sight and make them focus on the T95, helping the allies (who hopefully followed) to take them out.

[[File:T95 EasternEurope.jpg|thumbnail|left|Although a '''''stationary''''' tank destroyer, this does not mean to remain immobile! Keep changing position after some shots and be aware of the surroundings — otherwise, the T95 turns into one of those craters.]]

Sitting at an uneasy spot with 7.0 in AB and 6.7 in RB/SB, facing off Rank 5 vehicles and a variety of WW2 vehicles. All vehicles can penetrate the upper side armour and the weak spots. Therefore all medium vehicles are dangerous and their engines should be disabled ASAP. 
Foes able to frontally penetrate the T95 are labelled red. 
As only solid shot ammo is available, specific modules must be a target. Generally: Medium tanks - Engine; Heavy tanks - Cannon breech, crew; TDs - Crew compartment, gunner;

* Tank destroyers/☠[[SU-122-54]]: Except for the Jagdtiger all TDs should be shot at their gunner position to disable at least two crewmen.
*[[IS-3]]: Pike is difficult to get through. Try to disable the cannon, or wait for him to angle the tank wrong to shoot through the pike. Otherwise, with only 4 crewmen keep disabling them one by one.
*[[IS-4M]]: The drives hatch is hard to get through with the tiny hole behind the additional armour. More favourable is the lower plate. The same as for the IS-3 applies.
*T-54s & ☠[[T-54 (1951)|mod.51]]: All can be penetrated through the turret front (left and right of gun mantlet) from closer than 500m. Except for the [[T-54 (1947)|mod.47]], the glacis plate may also be targeted, if it is straight pointed at the T95. Target either the engine or the ammorack+fuel tank at the front (chance to set if off is slim though).
*[[T-44]]: Turret can be very trolly, but is the best way to avoid return fire. Engine and crew are again good targets.
*[[Tiger II (H)|Kingtiger]]: Right turret cheek to disable the gunner, alternatively the lower glacis to get the transmission.
*[[Maus|Maus]]: Given its height, the T95's weak spot is very easy to hit. Disable the gunner via a shot in the right turret cheek. If closer than 1000m, retreat before he can man the cannon again.
*[[Jagdtiger|Jagdtiger]]: A tough nut, plus 250mm of raw and sloped armour disables APBC and APCR shells. Thankfully the lower plate is a good place to shoot. Make sure to hit at a good flat angle, as the APBC likes to bounce.
*☠[[Leopard I|Leopard]]: Shoot anywhere at the front, but do so quickly, as a good player can shoot and very quickly destroy the T95. Yet, due to the low armour thickness, the shrapnel damage inflicted is great and may even one shot it.
*☠[[M103|M103]]: Try to shoot into the turret trap (lower gun mantlet) or the turrets cheeks. Try to disable the cannon, breech and crew men.
*[[Panther_F|Panthers]]/[[M26|Pershing]]/[[M46|M46]]: Entire front is penetrable. Shooting the upper glacis and into the engine through the fighting compartment will deal decent damage.
*☠[[M47|M47]]: Don't shoot the upper glacis, more preferably the turret. Engine and gun breech are good targets to start with
*☠[[M60|M60]]: Lots of sloped armour. Frontally, the commander's hatch can be hit quite easily, but this fight should be avoided at all costs. Basically an up-armoured Leopard.
*☠[[U-SH 405]]: Easy to destroy with one shot, but extremely fast and armed with 18 rockets with 330 mm of penetration. These rockets will cut right through your armor. Do not miss your shot when engaging one of these tanks.

==== Fighting Against the T95 ====
When facing the T95, it is very important to know the weak spots. A major weak spot is the commander's cupola on the top left (right if facing it) of the T95. This spot can be penetrated by most guns at its BR, and if APHE or HESH is used is likely to result in the death of a few crew members. Another strategy is to disable the tracks, then flank to the side. This is probably the most viable strategy when the T95 is alone. However, if it is accompanied by team members, which it should be, then this strategy will be more difficult to pull off. It is important to disable all of the tracks, as the T95 is still able to turn with only 2 or 3 tracks intact. Once you are at its flank, however, it will be easy to take it out. Like most tanks with formidable frontal armor, it has much less armor at the sides. Also, most of the crew or ammo racks are able to be hit from the side without interference from other modules. Overall, the T95, like other turretless tank destroyers, is very formidable from the front, albeit for the weak spot on the cupola, but suffers when flanked. As stated above, however, due to the 4 tracks the T95 has a very good turning speed, which makes flanking much more risky.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| T13
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| T29E3
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
|
|
|-
|}

After Parts and FPE, priority research targets for this tank should be mobility upgrades and the T13 APCBC explosive-filled shell.

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:T95 vs KingTiger Comparison.jpg|thumbnail|right|T95 and [[Tiger II (H)]] height comparison. The T95 is as tall as the Tiger's chassis and with similar hull length. The Tiger II is one of the taller vehicles.]]

'''Pros:'''

* Extremely tough armour; 300 mm of frontal armour, and very strong sides thanks to the massive tracks.
* The T95's resilience to bombs, artillery, and large calibre HE shells rivals that of the [[Maus]] and [[E-100]].
* Massive gun mantlet.
* Four sets of very strong tracks that are difficult to destroy in a single shot.
* The four sets of tracks gives this tank incredible hull traverse. The reactive mobility is so good that some light tanks simply aren't fast enough to circle the T95 with out getting shot.
* Mounts the same impressive 105 mm found on the [[T28]] and [[T29]], firing an extremely powerful APCBC shell.
* The raw frontal armour thickness coupled with the extremely powerful gun makes this tank one of the best snipers/ breakthrough tanks in the game.
* Roof-mounted .50 cal machine gun; can actually defend its self against attacking aircraft.
* Extremely intimidating tank. Many players will simply avoid fighting this tank.

'''Cons:'''

* The single slowest tank in the game, with very little potential of fleeing.
* Due to the terrible top speed, some large maps force the player to become a sniper since some games will end before you even reach the objective.
* A prime target for many enemy attackers and bombers thanks to its terrible top speed.
* The frontal armour still stands no chance against APDS and HEAT shells.
* Gun mantlet isn't as tough as the [[Jagdtiger]]'s. Most HEAT shells and close-range APDS shots able to go through the mantlet and destroy the breech.
* Despite having the same gun as the T29, it has much slower rate of fire.
* The side armour above the tracks is weakly armoured and lined with ammo.
* The driver can be killed if shots enter to the top left cupola, while the commander can die if shots enter the right cupola.
* The high intimidation factor is a double edged sword. Since a portion of the enemy team will be actively trying to avoid the T95, it's not uncommon to go an entire match without firing the main gun once.
* Very expensive repair cost. You have to have a very good game to even make a profit.
* Wouldn't recommend as first spawn unless your team can capture and hold the strategic point for a while. I would personally use M5o onto or M56, get a few kills, and then use the T95.
* Gun sight is very low to the ground, meaning enemies can shoot at the top of your tank, especially into the hatches, before you even get a shot off.

== History ==

===Development===
Years before the invasion of Normandy, there were men among the Allied planners worrying about the heavily-defended fortification lines such as the Siegfried Line blocking the path from France to Germany. One of the proposed methods was to develop extremely heavily armoured vehicles capable of destroying any fortification it comes across and any resistance the German had. Britain and America both worked on this project in order to develop these super-heavy tanks.

The American solution was a vehicle that would be called the '''T28 Heavy Tank''' and work began on such vehicle in September 1943. The initial vehicle concept called for a casemate design with a [[T5E1_(105_mm)|105mm T5 gun]], which was evaluated to be "extremely effective at reducing heavy fortifications". The only other armament on the vehicle would be a .50 cal machine gun for use by the commander. The armour on the design was 203 mm at first, but in January 1945 the head of Ordnance worried about the effect of German APCR ammunition, and so the already significant armour was upped to an astounding 305mm thick frontal armour, at the increase of weight to 95 tons. The vehicle's electric drive was a carryover from the [[M6A1|M6]] and T23 tank, with the engine the same from the [[M26|M26 Pershing]] (which was the same as the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3 Sherman]]). The heavyweight with the underpowered engine allowed the T28 to reach a whopping 8 miles per hour speed. To carry this design, the vehicle had four sets of tracks, two on each side, 328mm wide each in order to lower ground pressure. For transport, the extra set of tracks on the sides can be removed to make the vehicle thinner (4.55m to 3.15m) for easier transport, but raising ground pressure (0.82kg/cm2 to 1.14kg/cm2) and reducing armour since the detached track sets comes with 102 mm skirt armour.<ref name="EstesHeavyTanks">Estes Kenneth W. ''Super-heavy Tanks of World War II'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2014</ref>

The T28 heavy tank continued with the development and in March 1944, the U.S. Army gave it the name and also placed an order for five pilot models for testings. In March 1945, Ordnance then renamed the T28 into the '''[[T95|105 mm Gun Motor Carriage T95]]''' due to the lack of turret for a "tank" and any regular secondary armaments. Then, in June 1946, the vehicle was renamed again to the '''[[T29|Super Heavy Tank T28]]''' due to the United States construction of self-propelled guns being lightly armoured, in order to distinguish it as a radically different design than simply a "tank destroyer". Today, the T95 and T28 naming are both used to title this vehicle.<ref name="EstesHeavyTanks" />

[[File:T28 Front Quarter.jpg|thumbnail|right|Front three-quarter view of the T28 at the Patton Museum. T28 Super Heavy Tank - no longer on exhibit as it has been prepared to move to Fort Benning GA.]]

===Procurement and deployment===
The five pilot models requested by the U.S. Army had Ordnance look for a manufacturer to produce these vehicles. The war effort had made many prominent manufacturers busy with pre-existing orders. The Pacific Car and Foundry Company were then contracted to produce the design, with production starting in March 1945. The complete tank design was finished by August 1945, by this time the war had already ended in Europe three months ago. Efforts continued on the tank until the surrender of Japan in September, ending World War II. The post-war cutbacks led to the request for five tanks lowered to just two. The first T28 prototypes appeared in Aberdeen Proving Grounds on 21 December 1945, with the second arriving on 10 January 1946. These two prototype tanks went through evaluations at Aberdeen and Yuma Proving Grounds, mostly for engineering tests to check the durability of the components used. The second prototype model caught an engine fire in Yuma and had to be scrapped. The T28 project finally ended in October 1947 when development for such heavy vehicles stopped. Records on the sole T28 prototype ended afterwards, many assumed the vehicle was destroyed or scrapped.<ref name="EstesHeavyTanks" />

In 1974, the sole remaining T28/T95 prototype was found in the fields behind Fort Belvoir, Virginia by a wanderer, rumoured to be a farmer out hunting or a lieutenant conducting inventory inspection. To this day, no one is certain how the T28 tank was left abandoned in the fields or what happened during the years in absence. It was moved to the Fort Knox, Kentucky to be displayed in the Patton Museum of Cavalry and Armor. Today, its resting place is in the National Armor and Cavalry Museum in Fort Benning, Georgia.<ref name="EstesHeavyTanks" />

===Legacy===
In the end, the super heavy tanks designs made by the Americans (T28) and the British ([[Tortoise|Tortoise]]) only proved that such needs for tanks were unnecessary. The Siegfried Line and other such fortifications were taken out by use of the standard issued medium tanks such as the [[M4|M4 Shermans]], proving that affordable, mass-produced vehicles could dominate the modern battlefield. The super heavy tanks were also a strain on battle operations, as one of the most pressing questions during the development of the super-heavy tanks were on just how to get the tanks across the ocean to Europe and supply them with the fuel and ammo. The only positive note that these heavy tanks provided was that it showed the true extent of American and British industrial capabilities, being able to produce these massive monsters.

=== In-game description ===
A heavy assault tank developed on the basis of research conducted by the armament department. It was designed to break through well-fortified positions. Two models were built and underwent testing between 1945 and 1947. A new 105mm gun was attached to the base, allowing the tank to fight against fortifications. However, the project was eventually determined to be unrealistic.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=us_t95 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|3i7pnCRSBME|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|B2woWvJK4ew|'''Top 7 most armoured vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:04 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|PosWOnOGkSo|'''Best experimental vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 6:55 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


*[http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/243508-tales-of-the-doom-turtle-%E2%80%93-the-blog/ WT Forum T95 Blog: "''Astonishing and amazing 'Tales of the Doom turtle!' – The blog''"]
*[[wt:en/devblog/current/767/|[Devblog] T28 and T95]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{USA tank destroyers}}

Leopard A1A1 (L/44)

2020-09-15T18:11:06Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_leopard_a1a1_120
|store=6384
}}
{{About
| about = gift German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Leopard 1 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Leopard_A1A1_(L_44).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


Players who have purchased the Leopard A1A1 L/44 should be familiar with the armour of non-premium Leopard 1s. If not, the Leopard may not be what people expect a tank to be. It was developed before composite materials were discovered at a time where HEAT shells were so effective that in order for armour to be effective, it would be so thick that it would not be practical. Hence, the designers of Leopard 1s, knowing that there was no possible way of stopping HEAT rounds, removed the concept of armour. In essence, the Leopard A1A1 has no armour. The front hull, accounting slope, is only some 130 mm thick. The turret and gun mantle are some 100 mm depending on the angle. The [[BMP-2]]'s autocannon, for instance, loaded with APDS, will penetrate your turret and will cause major damage. Any HEAT projectile impacting the tank will likely result in instantly being destroyed. However, the engine block can at times reliably save the crew from HEAT shells. APDS and APFSDS are a different story. The armour on the Leopard A1A1 is so thin that most non-explosive-filled shells will seldom cause spalling upon penetrating the side of the tank. Frontal penetrations will cause much more damage, as the armour is just enough to cause spalling.

The ready rack ammo is stored vertically within your turret to the left side of the tank. So AP penetrations to the right side of your tank may not set off the ammo. But, 3/4 of your crew are sited in a single file on the right side. So a penetration will knock you out nonetheless. Try to take no more than 18 shells, as it will increase the likelihood of ammo cook-off. The point is not to get hit, because if anything hits you, it will go through, and it will cause damage.

In some cases, you could operate the tank backwards and use your engine block as a shield, as most HEAT shells will be absorbed by your transmission, radiator and engine, although in this position you have limited depression as the engine block forces the gun upwards. Despite these limitations, the tank can be surprisingly survivable, provided it is played carefully rather than relying on the armour. Also, it will usually take 2 hits to kill this tank, so if you are hit, pop smoke, retreat, repair, and re-appear somewhere else on the map.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is between the [[XM-1 (GM)|XM-1]] and [[T-55AM-1]]. Forward speed off-road, expect some 40-50 km/h. The reverse is about -15 km/h off-road. The neutral steering is absolutely amazing, you are able to swivel your tank easily. The suspensions are also great, very soft with great dampening effects, so expect a smooth drive. Overall, manoeuvrability is excellent, and should be used to your advantage since the tank has limited armour.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)}}

The legendary 120 mm Rheinmetall L44 cannon does not fall short of its name. You get access to only two types of shells, DM13 APFSDS and DM12 HEAT-FS, with both being highly competitive and effective at its battle-rating. The DM13 APFSDS round has a whopping 390 mm of penetration and is capable of defeating any armour of any tank this tank may potentially face, bar the [[T-64B]]. The round also travels extremely fast at 1,650 m/s, making long-range shooting and hitting moving targets exceptionally easy. The HEAT-FS, on the other hand, will result in hull-breaks on lightly armoured targets while also being free of cost. The 120 mm HEAT with its 480 mm penetration is able hull-break [[Object 120]]s and [[Object 906|906]]s and anything that's not a main battle tank. For example, you can hit the tracks of an anti-aircraft vehicle, and it will hull-break. The 1,140 m/s velocity may, however, make long-range engagements more difficult, especially when dealing with moving targets.

The L44 also features a decent reload time of 8.7 seconds stock and 6.7 seconds spaded, which is comparable to its 105 mm armed counterpart. The gun also features a stabiliser, making firing on the move a definite capability. However, it only works up to around 30 to 40 km/h. Beyond that, the gun becomes quite jittery and hard to aim.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)|120 mm Rheinmetall L44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 41 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.46 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 8.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.60 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| DM13 || APFSDS || 393 || 390 || 384 || 376 || 367 || 359
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.50 || N/A || 0.1 || 2,150 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DM13 || APFSDS || 1,650 || 4.44 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Leopard A1A1_(L_44).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''41''' || 12 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+40)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} mounts one coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and one pintle-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun. These both have particularly high rates of fire, while these are more of deterrents to helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, as the small calibre bullets will rarely cause critical damage to aircraft, they can also be useful to clear light obstacles and crew in open-top vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

==== Arcade battles ====
The Leopard A1A1 (L/44) sports an excellent 120 mm L/44 cannon which can make short work of any vehicle that it sees without any issues. However, its armour is extremely lacking and the mobility while good is not as good as an OF-40 (MTCA) or AMX-30 Super. Playing in Arcade battles, it's best to make sure that you are always the first to fire, ensuring you get the jump on your enemies first. What's best done is to hull down and take advantage of the rather good 9 degrees of gun depression and ensuring that you are currently covering a relatively active zone of combat. With its cannon, it can be a very effective sniper or defensive vehicle as those both styles usually involves getting the jump on the enemy while remaining stationary in a concealed position. If done right, the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) can be an extremely effective weapon in Arcade Battles. It's still best to prioritize targets by targeting the most dangerous ones first in order to be of most help to your team. The tank's mobility does allow for flanking however avoid direct confrontation as much as possible.

==== Realistic battles ====
The primary role of the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) should be that of a long-range sniper and flanker. Its incredible firepower with its 120 mm gun makes it easy to engage and destroy any tank from long distances while remaining concealed and thus protected from enemy fire. The good mobility on this vehicle allows you to reach good positions to snipe from and the laser rangefinder makes long-range targeting easy. The lack of armour on this tank makes direct engagements very risky and often nonviable so keeping at a distance maximizes your chances of survival and opportunity to inflict damage. Alternatively, the Leopard can be employed in flanking manoeuvres, using its good mobility to encircle the enemy and destroy them while they are unaware, again removing the danger of enemy fire destroying your tank. If you want to take a risk, you could rush a cap circle at the beginning of a match, if you tag along with other, better armed MBTs. However, this will almost always result in being destroyed, especially since the vehicle is vulnerable to artillery.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| DM13
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| Smoke grenade
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Laser rangefinder
| NVD
|-
! colspan="7" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility with excellent hull traverse and reverse speeds
* Effective gun with powerful ammunition able to defeat any opponent at its battle-rating
* The reload speed hasn't changed despite its new 120 mm cannon
* Laser rangefinder
* Despite the addition of bigger gun, the mobility hasn't changed
* Thermal sight for gunner
* Excels at long-range engagements

'''Cons:'''

* Armour does not reliably protect against even autocannons
* No available heavy machine gun, often helpless against helicopter attacks
* Huge ammo rack in hull, any penetrating shot will kill the tank

== History ==

Development of a Leopard 1 fitted with the 120mm L44 cannon began as a private venture of the Rheinmetall company, hoping that such a Leopard 1 variant would be of interest, not just to the German army due to logistical commonalities with the Leopard 2 and higher performance of the gun, but also to international customers seeking third generation MBT features on older machines.

In the early 1980s, a Leopard 1A1A1 was modified with a thicker cast steel mantlet, suitable for mounting the Rheinmetall 120mm cannon, and additional interior changes to hold the respective ammunition. Further changes were applied in early 1985, with the installation of the EMES 18 fire control system from the Leopard 1A5.

Although there were several different prototypes based on Leopard 1 outfitted with the 120mm Rheinmetall cannon, none of them managed to justify a costly large scale upgrade effort of existing Leopard 1s. The upgrade was largely considered redundant due to the already more advanced Leopard 2 being in service.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|VSCwCJOW4-Q|'''The Shooting Range #117''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:53 discusses the Leopard A1A1 (L/44).|Vm0waTJnLrM|'''Downtiered and More Competitive''' - Leopard A1A1 L/44 - War Thunder RB Gameplay'' - Jim Chamberlin''|nwskQP2t5Io|'''WT: Leo A1A1 (L/44) - Tank Review''' ''- Napalmratte''|Gta_R82mUXg|'''Premium Vehicles: Leopard 1A1A1 mit L/44''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 1 with the Rheinmetall 120mm L44]]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

M48A2 C

2020-09-15T18:07:47Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_mkpz_m48a2c}}
{{About
| about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the version in the American tree
| link = M48A1
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


* All armour values are in cast homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Armour!!Front (Slope angle)!!Sides!!Rear!!Roof
|-
|Hull||85-200 mm (59-74°) ''Front glacis''
63-200 mm (13-60°) ''Lower glacis''
|76 mm (8-43°) ''Front''
51 mm (0-43°) ''Rear''
|35 mm (26-32°) ''Top''
25 mm (61-62°) ''Bottom''
|12.7-57 mm
|-
|Turret||127 mm (12-76°) ''Turret front''
152 + 82 mm (17-26°) ''Gun mantlet''
|69-100 mm (12-36°)
|51-55 mm (2-71°)
|25-69 mm
|-
|Cupola||70 mm||70 mm
|70 mm
|70 mm
|}

The armour of the {{PAGENAME}} is identical to the US M48A1. The ammo rack in the turret is removed and the shape of the front hull ammo racks are improved. The front armour is able to handle almost most APHE shells it might face, but struggles against HEAT-FS and APDS rounds. The lower front plate is a weakspot. The sides are decently armoured, but not thick enough to make angling the hull a valid tactic. Some thin vents on the top of the hull are vulnerable to strafing runs by enemy aircraft, which may cause engine fires. Overall, the M48A2 C has excellent armour protection for its tier.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,279|rbMinHp=730}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M41 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M41 (90 mm)|90 mm M41]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 46 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.80 || 31.46 ||38.40||42.50||45.18|| rowspan="2" | 9.70 || rowspan="2" |8.63|| rowspan="2" |7.90|| rowspan="2" |7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.30 || 16.87 ||20.40||22.60||24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M332 shot || APCR || 321 || 316 || 292 || 265 || 240 || 218
|-
| M82 shot || APCBC || 185 || 182 || 170 || 155 || 142 || 130
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M332 shot || APCR || 1,249 || 5.70 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| M82 shot || APCBC || 853 || 10.94 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 137.2 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 1,216 || 5.80 || N/A || 0.1 || 712.64 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 853 || 10.60 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 3,050 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 823 || 10.55 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 925 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M313 || 821 || 10.7 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''46''' || 42 ''(+4)'' || 28 ''(+18)'' || 16 ''(+30)'' || 1 ''(+45)'' || No
|-
|}

'''Note:'''

* The "4th" ammunition rack is a ready rack, and it will refill from the other racks (in the same order) when it is depleted.
* The ammunition depletes after every two shots, except for the last two shells in the 3rd rack.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M85 (12.7 mm)|M73 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M85 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M85]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 900 (200) || 625 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M73 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M73]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,950 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

'''''Stock Gameplay:'''''

As with any vehicle, the M48A2 C finds itself at a serious disadvantage while stock. Without access to the APCBC or HEAT-FS rounds, players will need to use this vehicle more carefully. While other modifications like night vision devices or smoke grenades can be helpful, the stock M332 APCR round is a much larger issue. The stock round has awful post penetration damage, so players will need to try and disable individual modules or pick off individual crew members. However, this can be a time consuming process so M48A2 C players will need to make sure not to focus too much on one damaged enemy, as another enemy may come to their aid.

'''''Spaded Gameplay:'''''

The M48A2 C is a powerful tank. The M431 HEAT-FS round has adequate penetration, and in the event that a round with higher post penetration effects is needed, the M82 APCBC is also available. The gun and reload rate are comparable to other main battle tanks of the battle rating, although the M48A2 C relies on its HEAT-FS round for most situations. The armour on the M48A2 C is adequate, able to bounce enemy shells depending on the angle. The night vision image intensifier equipment and IR lamp can be a big advantage during night battles, but M48A2 C players should be careful not to expose themselves using their own IR lamp. The M48A2 C does not excel spectacularly in any way, but it is an adequate medium tank that is well suited to most situations.

'''''Close Range Engagements:'''''

The M48A2 C is capable at close range, but it is not exceptional. It has decent acceleration and gun handling, meaning it will do decently. Additionally the armour can prove useful even at close range. The only issue for the M48A2 C at close range is the post penetration on the HEAT-FS round. Generally using the APCBC round is more effective at close ranges.

'''''Long Range Engagements:'''''

The M48A2 C is very capable at long range. The HEAT-FS round will easily penetrate almost any enemy tank at any range. The biggest issues the M48A2 C will face in regards to long range engagements is the velocity and drop on the HEAT-FS round. Once this can be accounted for, it will perform very well. Additionally, the armour is even more effective at long range.

'''''Gameplay summary:'''''

Although the M48A2 C is very difficult to play when stock, it is an adequate frontline tank while spaded. The good HEAT-FS round gives it a strong position in the German tech tree. The M48A2 C is a true main battle tank, and will perform well in any situation. The one disadvantage the M48 may suffer from is a lack of a stabilizer on the main gun. While most tanks which it faces also lack stabilization, those that have it will have a big advantage over the M48A2 C.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| Smoke grenade
| M82 shot
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| DM502
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| M431 shell
| NVD
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| M313
| Rangefinder
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent frontal hull armour, impenetrable UFP for most conventional ammo
* Good firepower
* Good mobility
* Has a commander's .50 calibre machine gun
* APCBC round with devastating high-explosive filler for great damage upon penetration
* Surprisingly survivable, two crew members often survive a shot
* Gun mantlet tend to stop conventional rounds
* Lower BR than other M48 Pattons

'''Cons:'''

* Difficult APCR stock grind
* Turret armour isn't reliable
* Commander's cupola weak spot
* Ineffective armour in an uptier
* No stabilizer
* Ammunition explosions are common as most of the shells are in the front next to the driver

== History ==


In the mid 1950's, West Germany received several version of the M48 Patton III tank from the US. In 1958, one of these versions was the M48A2 Patton III. This version included a 750 HP engine and a 90mm M41 cannon, as well an M85 .50 caliber machine gun mounted in the commander's cupola, and a coaxially mounted 7.62mm machine gun. In the same year, these tanks would receive an upgraded 825 HP engine, as well as other minor changes and would be designated as the M48A2 C in German service. This version saw service until the 1970's were it was replaced by the M48A2 GA2.

== Media ==


;Skins
<div class="portale" align="center">
{| class="catlist" frame="box" style="background: #efefef;" align="center"
|[[File:GEN_LIVE_WT_1_HPL.jpg|510px|link=https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=germ_mkpz_m48a2c|]] ||
|-
|}
</div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Xwid3UCLr5U|'''The Patton Family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 6:57 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* [[M48A1]] - Basic M48 version that the {{PAGENAME}} was upgraded from.
* [[Magach 3 (USA)]] - An upgraded M48 tank from a pack in the USA tech tree.
* [[M48A2 G A2]] - An upgraded version of the M48A2 C with a 105 mm gun.

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6317-development-changes-and-optimization-in-the-german-tech-tree-en|[Development] Changes and optimization in the German tech-tree]]

{{Germany medium tanks}}

Typhoon Mk Ib

2020-09-15T18:06:30Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=typhoon_mk1b}}
{{About
| about = premium British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = Typhoon Mk Ia
| link-2 = Typhoon Mk Ib/L
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. It was removed from the store after the [[wt:en/news/5232-shop-winter-sales-special-bundle-and-gift-certificates-en|2017 Winter Sale]] and is currently unobtainable.

While the Mk Ib is a slightly downgraded Typhoon Mk Ib/late in regards to flight performance and engine power, the main difference from the Ia is the vastly upgraded armament options including 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannons and larger bombs and rockets.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,340 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 618 || 605 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.8 || 22.1 || 14.7 || 14.7 || rowspan="2" | 580
|-
! Upgraded
| 670 || 644 || 19.4 || 20.6 || 23.4 || 17.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 420 || 420 || 250 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 390 || < 440 || < 480 || > 337
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,447 m || 1,960 hp || 2,077 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,981 m || 1,650 hp || 1,749 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 42.8 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.
* 1 mm Steel plate in the fuselage.
* 3 mm Steel plate behind the propeller.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (140 rpg = 560 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I (1,000 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

As a fighter, it is mainly a BnZ aircraft with lethal armament, especially the stealthy Air targets belts. Roll rate is below average but turn performance is decent for such a large aircraft. Where the Typhoon shines, as in real life, is in ground attack roles with 2 x 1000lbs bombs or 8 x RP-3 rockets. Used in this role the Typhoon can strike very fast and accurately and use its speed to disengage. Climb early in the battle as performance is maintained even with 2 x 1000 bombs underneath, select the target and bomb in a shallow dive. Disengage with a shallow climb at great speed away from enemy fighters. Softer targets can be destroyed easily with the cannons. This aircraft can be a real lion farmer used in a mixed role of fighter bomber attacking unsuspecting slower enemy aircraft, or blasting through furballs at high speed. The Air Targets belts will reward the good shot. Performance is best below 6 km (20000 ft). When manoeuvring keeps the speed up, this is a heavy aircraft and will not easily regain energy lost by high loads, making it vulnerable.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
|
| HSBC mk.2
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| Offensive 20 mm
| HMBC mk.2
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
|
| HLBC mk.2
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| Mk.II year 1943
| HRC mk.8
|-
! colspan="6" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good diving speed
* Excellent armament
* Above average armour
* Can withstand tough loads
* Good speed
* Good climb rate

'''Cons:'''

* Water overheats if too much WEP applied
* Low roll rate
* Big target for a fighter
* Limited cockpit visibility
* Relatively heavy and unmaneuverable
* Very similar load out to the Typhoon Ib from the research tree, more expensive, not worth the golden eagles

== History ==


The Typhoon Mk Ib was an evolution on the earlier Mk Ia on a quest for better overall performance. An upgraded engine that could take higher boost settings and aerodynamic improvements on the fuselage and wings increased speed and climb capability. The four cannons and the improved hardpoints under the wings made it ideal for the ground attack tactics employed by the RAF in 1943 over France. The Spitfires and Hurricanes were quickly replaced by the Typhoons in this very dangerous mission profile, flying close to the ground and exposed to AA. The Typhoon was also used in a defensive role as interceptor against fast German fighter bombers coming across the Channel.

The Typhoon was not the easiest aircraft to fly and came as a shock to the pilots used to the much lighter and nimbler Spitfires and Hurricanes. Problems were engine reliability and vibrations, a swing (turn) on take-off due to the huge torque from the engine and propeller even with full opposite rudder applied. In the cockpit before the introduction of the later bubble canopy, visibility was limited and carbon monoxide from the exhaust would find its way in, use of oxygen at all times became mandatory. While flying missions crossing the English Channel, the danger of ditching was always present and the configuration of the scoop air intake below the engine made the success of such an event highly doubtful.

=== In-game description ===
The Hawker Typhoon Mk.IB was a single engine, single seat fighter which entered service with the RAF in 1941. The Mk.IB differed mainly from the Mk.IA in its armament; the fighter was equipped with four 20 mm British Hispano Mk.I magazine-fed cannons, with 75 rounds each.

Already plagued with several early problems, the seepage of exhaust gases from the engine into the pilot's cockpit became a serious issue for the Hawker Typhoon. Although the sealed partition between the cockpit and the engine compartment was improved and the engine's exhaust pipes were lengthened, this problem was never entirely solved and Typhoon pilots had to operate their fighters from engine start to shut down with their oxygen masks on.

Another problem was the lack of reliability of Napier Sabre Mk.IIA engines at the initial stage of operation. The engine was prone to overheating and it could jam when the aircraft climbed. Cases when the engine caught fire on take off were also frequent. It was only by mid 1943 that engineers managed to overcome these problems and bring the engine's reliability to an acceptable level.

Early on in the Typhoon's combat career, it was discovered that metal fatigue in the tail often caused the entire tail unit to detach in a high speed dive. As an interim measure, reinforcing straps were fitted across the joint of the tail section and the fuselage. Subsequently it was discovered that these structural failures were caused by elevator flutter which occurred at relatively low speeds. The flutter itself was caused by the fatigue failure of the small ring holding the balance weight assembly. The flutter could also lead to a failure of the tailplane spar, so this also urgently needed to be reinforced.

In early 1942, Hawker had embarked on equipping the Typhoon with external fittings. Drop tanks were added to increase the aircraft's range.

Two 500 lb (227 kg) bombs could be fitted instead of drop tanks; later these were replaced with heavier American 1,000 lb (454 kg) bombs.

An important step in enhancing the Typhoon's firepower was equipping it with rockets. By the end of 1942, 3 inch (76 mm) rockets equipped with a 27 kg warhead were produced in large quantities. They were inexpensive, easy to manufacture and proved reliable although they were not particularly accurate. The Typhoon was equipped with eight rails for these rockets, four under each wing. Rocket rails and bomb racks were introduced across in service Typhoons throughout 1943.

Whilst the Typhoon had a disappointing high altitude performance, its low altitude performance was more impressive, leading to the aircraft being considered for employment in other roles. From November 1942, Typhoons were used as fighter bombers to hit ground targets on the Continent. However, in general the Typhoon was not a huge success as an interceptor, but found its forte as a rugged ground attack aircraft, capable of dealing a good deal of damage with bombs, rockets and its 20mm cannons. Over 3,300 Typhoons were manufactured during the war, the vast majority being the Mk. IB variant.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}
{{Britain premium aircraft}}

Leopard 2A5

2020-09-09T22:30:40Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_leopard_2a5}}
{{About
| about = medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Leopard (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

The succeeding variant of the [[Leopard 2A4]], the Leopard 2A5 is distinguished by an overall improved turret front armour, most notably with the add-on armour bulks in the turret front, giving a wedge-shape rather than the flat shapes that the 2A4 variant presented.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
[[File:Leopard 2A5 armour scheme.png|thumb|The frontal KE protection of the Leopard 2A5 against CL1343 at 500 m.]]

The Leopard 2A5 has improved armour compared to its predecessor, the hull is much better protected and the already impenetrable turret cheeks have more protection on the side of the turret. Add-on armour boosts the ability to protect against HEAT-FS and early ADFSDS rounds. The wedges on the front of the turret are able to be blown off if a round with enough energy hits it.The gunners optic is also moved into the roof to eliminate the weak spot which was easily penetrated by any tank.

One big changeover along with the armour wedges in the front is the repositioning of the gunner's sight. In the 2A4, the gunner's sight in the turret front presented a weakness that was easily compromised. In the 2A5, the gunner's sight was relocated to the turret roof, and so this weakness is no longer present on the 2A5. Additionally, the large mantlet of the 2A4 has been replaced by a far smaller and more armoured mantlet, making it far harder to hit, though most ammunition at top tier can still penetrate it easily.
[[File:Leopard 2A5 CE armour scheme.png|thumb|The frontal CE protection of the Leopard 2A5 against MIM-146.]]
Be aware of Soviet tanks though! Most of them will carry their HE rounds that can easily destroy you anywhere they hit. A hit directly to the turret will most likely send fragments into your hull, penetrate and lets your fuel tank explode or at least set a fire and knock out the gun barrel.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Armour !! Front (Slope angle)!!Sides!!Rear!!Roof
|-
|Hull
|35 mm (53-82°) ''Upper glacis'' 40 mm (50-51°) ''Lower glacis''
|10 mm (5°) ''Upper hull'' 35 mm (0°) ''Lower forward hull'' 20 mm (0°) ''Lower rear hull''
|20 mm (12-50°) ''All rear''
|20 mm (0-8°) ''Hull roof incl. engine deck''
|-
|Turret
|80 mm (57-59°) ''Right cheek add-on'' 80 mm (55-58°) ''Left cheek add-on'' 30 mm (63°) ''Upper mantlet add-on'' 400 mm (1°) ''Mantlet armour'' 250 mm (9°) ''Mantlet shroud''
|80 mm (20-22°) ''Right add-on'' 80 mm (22°) ''Left add-on'' 35 mm (0°) ''Forward'' 15 mm (0°) ''Rear''
|20 mm (10°) ''Basket'' 20 mm (70°) ''Turret underside''
|35 - 40 mm (80-89°) ''Forehead Armour'' 14 mm (68-82°) ''Forward sides'' 20 mm (89°) ''Rear turret'' 20 mm (83°) ''Basket''
|-
!Composite armour
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Sides
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|Hull
| colspan="2" |'''''Upper+Lower glacis''''' 400 mm ''Kinetic'' 600 mm ''Chemical''
| colspan="2" | N/A
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|Turret
| colspan="2" | '''''turret cheeks''''' 800 mm ''Kinetic'' 1200 mm ''Chemical''

'''''Gun mantlet (Center)''''' 
260 - 325 mm ''Kinetic'' 
600 - 690 mm ''Chemical''

'''''Gun mantlet (Outer)''''' 
425 - 460 mm ''Kinetic'' 
825 - 905 ''Chemical''

| colspan="2" | '''''Side armour''''' 260 mm ''Kinetic'' 230 - 285 mm ''Chemical''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* ''Upper hull'' and ''Lower rear hull'' overlap (10 + 20 mm thick)
* ''Upper mantlet add-on'' and ''Mantlet armour'' overlap (30 + 400 mm thick)
* Holes in the engine deck are covered by 8 mm of mesh

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 2032|rbMinHp= 1327|}}

The only drawback compared to the previous model would be the {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility since, despite the 4 tons increase in weight, the engine remains the same, so the {{PAGENAME}} is both slower and less manoeuvrable compared to the [[Leopard 2A4]], but it can still keep up with the other nations MBTs.
The engine remains the same MTU (MOTOREN-UND TURBINEN-UNION FRIEDRICHSHAFEN GMBH) MB 873 Ka-501 engine which produces 1,500 hp (1,100 KW) at 2,600 RPM.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)}}

The Leopard 2A5 has access to the DM33 APFSDS shells which make it a deadlier foe as few tanks can stand against it with the exception of the [[M1A2 Abrams]], [[Challenger 2]] and [[T-80U]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)|120 mm Rheinmetall L44]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 42 || -9°/+20° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 38.0 || 52.7 || 64.0 ||70.8
| 75.2
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 7.8 ||6.9||6.4||6.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM12A1 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 410 || 408 || 401 || 393 || 384 || 376
|-
| DM33 || APFSDS || 481 || 478 || 470 || 461 || 450 || 440
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM12A1 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.5 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 2,150 || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 1,640 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DM33 || APFSDS || 1,640 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''42''' || 16 ''(+26)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG 3A1]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount (Loader)''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 2,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Leopard 2A5 is slower, but it has much better armour and access to the DM33 round. With these new changes, the playstyle changes a bit too:

* ''Hull down'': In the 2A4, the gunners optic was easily penetrated so the hull-down was still vulnerable. However, in the 2A5, this weak spot is eliminated and the armour of the turret is much better, so a hull-down position can now leave the Leopard 2A5 invulnerable, but try to keep your turret protected as well, so then the armour package could last longer throughout the battle.
* ''Sniping'': With the DM33 APFSDS round, the Leopard 2A5 can now make use of the great distance in combat to deal damage while tanking incoming shots. Try also make use of hull-down positions whilst sniping.
* ''Flanking'': Due to the worse mobility compared to the 2A4, it is better to stick to more stationary tactics like ''hull-down'' and ''sniping''. However, with a little bit of caution, flanking can still be successful.
* ''Staying with nearby teammates:'' Try and stick to nearby teammates as this can improve your lifespan throughout the game.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| DM23
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| Smoke grenade
| NVD
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| DM33
| Laser rangefinder
|-
|}
The first modifications to research should be Parts and FPE. After those, aim for the NVD, DM33, Laser rangefinder, or mobility upgrades, depending on the desired playstyle.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent 120 mm gun, DM33 APFSDS is capable of penetrating up to 481 mm maximum at point-blank range
* Impenetrable turret cheeks, the add-on wedge armour makes the turret immune from every shell in the game (average of 850 mm against long rod APFSDS and 1,450 mm against HEAT)
* Extremely good armour on the UFP (430mm against long rod APFSDS), immune to every shell in the game except DM33, M829, L26, OFL 120 G1, 3BM42 and CL3143
* Great gun handling: 40°/s turret rotation speed (with Ace crew) and -9°/+20° of vertical guidance
* Side turret covered by add-on armour can bounce early APFSDS shells
* Gunner optics are now mounted on top of the turret, removing the annoying weak spot present on the Leopard 2A4
* Cannon barrel and cannon breech absorbs impact rounds which may otherwise penetrate the turret and injure crews
* Very good thermal imaging quality (Generation 2 for Binoculars, 800 x 600, and Generation 1 for Gunner's view, 500 x 300)

'''Cons:'''

* Lower glacis can still be penetrated by most shells (but is expected for most MBTs)
* 16 shells in the ready-rack may be insufficient when playing in Arcade Battles
* Huge hull ammo-rack if more than 16 shells are carried consequently making the tank extremely vulnerable to HE shells
* A penetrating shot on the left side of the hull will most likely knock out the driver, gunner and commander, thus destroying the tank
* A penetrating shell on the right side of the hull will most likely hit the ammo-rack, destroying the tank
* The wedges can be shot off with several hits, though the turret cheeks alone provide 650 mm against KE
* Tank's weight is 4 tons increased while the engine is still the same, making the Leopard 2A5 slower compared to the 2A4
* Despite all the added armour, the turret ring and driver's hatch are both easily penetrated, and the enemy will most likely aim at these two spots to disable or destroy the tank

== History ==

In 1988, German engineers began work on modernizing the Leopard 2 main battle tank. Improvements were made to the tank’s defensive capabilities, primarily the turret armour. Moreover, the 2A5 model was fitted with an electric stabiliser instead of the electro-hydraulic variant that the previous versions used.

The gunner received improved and less vulnerable optics, and the tank commander – a panoramic periscope with thermal imaging. The build of the driver’s hatch was also modified, along with several other minor improvements made to the general design.

Leading to the 2A5 modernization program being officially approved by the military officials of Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands. It is interesting to note that the models exported to the last two countries on the list were actually different from the ones issued to the German army – for instance, the Bundeswehr tanks received no extra frontal hull armour. Production of Leopard 2A5 tanks began in 1995. Overall, 350 earlier-version Leopards were upgraded as a result of the program.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6098-development-leopard-2a5-this-time-we-are-dead-serious-en Devblog]''

== Media ==


{{Youtube-gallery|Htx2jqp0aEA|'''German ground forces Tier VI/VII''' - ''Oxy'' Leopard 2A5 at 27:52}}

== See also ==


* [[Leopard 2A4]] - Preceding vehicle

== External links ==


* [https://mtu-online-shop.com/media/files_public/952ae139f0fae50b15702ddf661cad33/3061601_MTU_Defense_Brochure.pdf MTU Defense Brochure]
* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6098-development-leopard-2a5-this-time-we-are-dead-serious-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 2A5: This Time We Are Dead Serious]

{{Germany medium tanks}}

M48A2 C

2020-09-09T21:51:16Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_mkpz_m48a2c}}
{{About
| about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the version in the American tree
| link = M48A1
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


* All armour values are in cast homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Armour!!Front (Slope angle)!!Sides!!Rear!!Roof
|-
|Hull||85-200 mm (59-74°) ''Front glacis''
63-200 mm (13-60°) ''Lower glacis''
|76 mm (8-43°) ''Front''
51 mm (0-43°) ''Rear''
|35 mm (26-32°) ''Top''
25 mm (61-62°) ''Bottom''
|12.7-57 mm
|-
|Turret||127 mm (12-76°) ''Turret front''
152 + 82 mm (17-26°) ''Gun mantlet''
|69-100 mm (12-36°)
|51-55 mm (2-71°)
|25-69 mm
|-
|Cupola||70 mm||70 mm
|70 mm
|70 mm
|}

The armour of the {{PAGENAME}} is identical to the US M48A1. The ammo rack in the turret is removed and the shape of the front hull ammo racks are improved. The front armour is able to handle almost most APHE shells it might face, but struggles against HEAT-FS and APDS rounds. The lower front plate is a weakspot. The sides are decently armoured, but not thick enough to make angling the hull a valid tactic. Some thin vents on the top of the hull are vulnerable to strafing runs by enemy aircraft, which may cause engine fires. Overall, the M48A2 C has excellent armour protection for its tier.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,279|rbMinHp=730}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M41 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M41 (90 mm)|90 mm M41]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 46 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.80 || 31.46 ||38.40||42.50||45.18|| rowspan="2" | 9.70 || rowspan="2" |8.63|| rowspan="2" |7.90|| rowspan="2" |7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.30 || 16.87 ||20.40||22.60||24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M332 shot || APCR || 321 || 316 || 292 || 265 || 240 || 218
|-
| M82 shot || APCBC || 185 || 182 || 170 || 155 || 142 || 130
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M332 shot || APCR || 1,249 || 5.70 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| M82 shot || APCBC || 853 || 10.94 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 137.2 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 1,216 || 5.80 || N/A || 0.1 || 712.64 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 853 || 10.60 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 3,050 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 823 || 10.55 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 925 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M313 || 821 || 10.7 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''46''' || 42 ''(+4)'' || 28 ''(+18)'' || 16 ''(+30)'' || 1 ''(+45)'' || No
|-
|}

'''Note:'''

* The "4th" ammunition rack is a ready rack, and it will refill from the other racks (in the same order) when it is depleted.
* The ammunition depletes after every two shots, except for the last two shells in the 3rd rack.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M85 (12.7 mm)|M73 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M85 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M85]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 900 (200) || 625 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M73 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M73]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,950 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

'''''Stock Gameplay:'''''

As with any vehicle, the M48A2 C finds itself at a serious disadvantage while stock. Without access to the APCBC or HEAT-FS rounds, players will need to use this vehicle more carefully. While other modifications like night vision devices or smoke grenades can be helpful, the stock M332 APCR round is a much larger issue. The stock round has awful post penetration damage, so players will need to try and disable individual modules or pick off individual crew members. However, this can be a time consuming process so M48A2 C players will need to make sure not to focus too much on one damaged enemy, as another enemy may come to their aid.

'''''Spaded Gameplay:'''''

The M48A2 C is a powerful tank. The M431 HEAT-FS round has adequate penetration, and in the event that a round with higher post penetration effects is needed, the M82 APCBC is also available. The gun and reload rate are comparable to other main battle tanks of the battle rating, although the M48A2 C relies on its HEAT-FS round for most situations. The armour on the M48A2 C is adequate, able to bounce enemy shells depending on the angle. The night vision image intensifier equipment and IR lamp can be a big advantage during night battles, but M48A2 C players should be careful not to expose themselves using their own IR lamp. The M48A2 C does not excel spectacularly in any way, but it is an adequate medium tank that is well suited to most situations.

'''''Close Range Engagements:'''''

The M48A2 C is capable at close range, but it is not exceptional. It has decent acceleration and gun handling, meaning it will do decently. Additionally the armour can prove useful even at close range. The only issue for the M48A2 C at close range is the post penetration on the HEAT-FS round. Generally using the APCBC round is more effective at close ranges.

'''''Long Range Engagements:'''''

The M48A2 C is very capable at long range. The HEAT-FS round will easily penetrate almost any enemy tank at any range. The biggest issues the M48A2 C will face in regards to long range engagements is the velocity and drop on the HEAT-FS round. Once this can be accounted for, it will perform very well. Additionally, the armour is even more effective at long range.

'''''Gameplay summary:'''''

Although the M48A2 C is very difficult to play when stock, it is an adequate frontline tank while spaded. The good HEAT-FS round gives it a strong position in the German tech tree. The M48A2 C is a true main battle tank, and will perform well in any situation. The one disadvantage the M48 may suffer from is a lack of a stabilizer on the main gun. While most tanks which it faces also lack stabilization, those that have it will have a big advantage over the M48A2 C.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| Smoke grenade
| M82 shot
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| DM502
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| M431 shell
| NVD
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| M313
| Rangefinder
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent frontal hull armour, impenetrable UFP for most conventional ammo
* Good firepower
* Good mobility
* Has a commander's .50 calibre machine gun
* APCBC round with devastating high-explosive filler for great damage upon penetration
* Surprisingly survivable, two crew members often survive a shot
* Gun mantlet tend to stop conventional rounds

'''Cons:'''

* Difficult APCR stock grind
* Turret armour isn't reliable
* Commander's cupola weak spot
* Ineffective armour in an uptier
* No stabilizer
* Ammunition explosions are common as most of the shells are in the front next to the driver

== History ==


In the mid 1950's, West Germany received several version of the M48 Patton III tank from the US. In 1958, one of these versions was the M48A2 Patton III. This version included a 750 HP engine and a 90mm M41 cannon, as well an M85 .50 caliber machine gun mounted in the commander's cupola, and a coaxially mounted 7.62mm machine gun. In the same year, these tanks would receive an upgraded 825 HP engine, as well as other minor changes and would be designated as the M48A2 C in German service. This version saw service until the 1970's were it was replaced by the M48A2 GA2.

== Media ==


;Skins
<div class="portale" align="center">
{| class="catlist" frame="box" style="background: #efefef;" align="center"
|[[File:GEN_LIVE_WT_1_HPL.jpg|510px|link=https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=germ_mkpz_m48a2c|]] ||
|-
|}
</div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Xwid3UCLr5U|'''The Patton Family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 6:57 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* [[M48A1]] - Basic M48 version that the {{PAGENAME}} was upgraded from.
* [[Magach 3 (USA)]] - An upgraded M48 tank from a pack in the USA tech tree.
* [[M48A2 G A2]] - An upgraded version of the M48A2 C with a 105 mm gun.

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6317-development-changes-and-optimization-in-the-german-tech-tree-en|[Development] Changes and optimization in the German tech-tree]]

{{Germany medium tanks}}

Chi-Ha LG

2020-09-09T21:50:02Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_navy_120mm_spg}}
{{About
| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Chi-Ha (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Raining Fire"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear
|-
| Hull || 25 mm || 25 mm ''Top'' 25 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm
|-
| Turret || 10 mm ''Turret front'' 10 mm ''Gun mantlet''
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=241|rbMinHp=150|AoAweight=}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|10th Year Type (120 mm)}}
This gun shouldn't be confused as the one on the [[Chi-Ha Short Gun]], while said Chi-Ha has a short gun meant for transport ships on anti submarine & close range fire range, the 12cm/45 10th Year was used as coastal emplacements and outfitted on early Japanese cruisers. It offers a high velocity gun to fling HE over the map with quite an ease.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[10th Year Type (120 mm)|120 mm 10th Year Type]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 10 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±60° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 10.6 || 14.7 || 14.8 || 16.4 || 17.41 || rowspan="2" | 12.8 || rowspan="2" | 11.5 || rowspan="2" | 10.6 || rowspan="2" | 10.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.2 || 8.4 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Ordinary, Mod.1 || HE || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25
|-
| C.P.(BF) || SAPCBC || 103 || 102 || 95 || 87 || 80 || 74
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Ordinary, Mod.1 || HE || 825 || 20.4 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 1.97 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| C.P.(BF) || SAPCBC || 825 || 20.4 || 1.2 || 19 || 1.87 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''10''' || 1 ''(+9)'' || Yes
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! Firepower
|-
| I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|-
| II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


;Pros:

* High velocity
* Versatile Chi-Ha chassis
** Quite fast (up to {{Annotation|44 km/h|Arcade battles}} | {{Annotation|39 km/h|Realistic / Simulator battles}}), allowing it to get to certain spots in time
** Great turning ability in low gear
** Lovely climbing ability, Good to get in sniper locations

;Cons:

* Gun shield is small and thin, doesn't provide too much cover
* Only one crew member is inside the tank
** Vehicle can be destroyed due low caliber MG fire even with full crew
** Two loader crew in the back of the tank have no direct cover
* 10 shells max
* Ammunition is very exposed, one lucky shot can kill you
* Shells might have some trouble penetrating the front armor of some tanks, especially in up tiers

== History ==

{{main|Chi-Ha (Family)|l1=History of the Type 97 Chi-Ha}}

As the Chi-Ha was very structurally sound and is able to withstand high amounts of additional weights while maintaining stable stress-levels and speed. This made it a great testbed for heavier weapons and equipement.

One of these additions / variants was an IJN refit of the Chi-Ha to be made in a 12cm Self-propelled gun carrying the 12 cm/45 10th Year Naval Cannon outfitted on early cruisers before they were replaced by 127 mm's.

A dozen of these 12cm SPG's were constructed in defense of the homeland in-case of the high probable American invasion.

The gun was bolted on the hull and used similar to the Archer in performance, firing from the rear to maintain recoil levels while firing.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6840-development-chi-ha-long-gun-the-last-chance-gun-en|[Devblog] Chi-Ha Long Gun: The Last Chance Gun]]

{{Japan tank destroyers}}

Bf 110 G-2

2020-09-09T17:14:46Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=bf-110g-2}}
{{About
| about = German twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Bf 110 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Bf110G-2.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

[[File:Cockpits Bf110.jpg|thumbnail|right|Cockpit features great side & forward visibility despite the struts. Although the tail section is obscured by the armoured headrest, the gunner can function as an early warning indicator.]]

The {{PAGENAME}} is a textbook example of what classifies a twin-engined fighter. Positive capabilities of this aircraft include an outstanding turn time, menacing offensive armament, amazing acceleration and all-out straight-line speed. This aircraft is incredibly versatile due to the variety of offensive weapons which can be selected. Depending on the weapon loadout chosen, this twin-engine fighter can take on the roles of attacker, bomber and even bomber interceptor. Though the Bf 110 can take on fighters when the opportunity comes up or is necessary, caution must be taken as any single-engine fighter will likely out-turn the Bf 110 and manoeuvre into an attack position, effectively reversing roles.

When compared to its predecessors, the [[Bf 110 F-2|F2]] and the [[Bf 110 C-7|C7]], the G-2 is a noticeable upgrade in regards to both armament and flight performance. With the addition of the more powerful DB-605B engines, the G-2 has more power and responsive performance than the earlier versions. The G-2's offensive configuration consists of two 30 mm MK 108 cannons (same used on the [[Me 262 (Family)|Me 262]]s) and can be supplemented by two suspended 20 mm MG 151 cannons (same used on the [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]]s) which come unlocked by default. This makes for a lethal combination and when compared to contemporaries such as the [[Beaufighter (Family)|Beaufighter]] family of twin-engined aircraft, the G-2 clearly packs a more powerful punch.

The {{PAGENAME}} is considerably more manoeuvrable than contemporary twin-engine aircraft and if needed can outrun most, however, once the aircraft is outfitted with other than the default offensive armament and ordinance, its manoeuvrability becomes less effective and becomes an easier target for enemy aircraft.

The {{PAGENAME}} can effectively take on different roles, depending on the map played or the targets intended. Knowing the manoeuvrability challenges faced with selecting the various armament load-outs will help the G-2 pilot ensure to avoid areas of the map where they will be at a major disadvantage and ensure effective use of the ordinance on board.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 573 || 558 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.1 || 26.0 || 9.9 || 9.9 || rowspan="2" | 444
|-
! Upgraded
| 618 || 595 || 22.9 || 24.0 || 17.2 || 13.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 490 || 490 || 290 || ~12 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 350 || < 370 || > 715
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,650 m || 1,260 hp || 1,399 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 58 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot
* 5.5 mm Steel plate under the pilot
* 8.5-10.5 mm Steel plate behind the pilot
* 5.5-6 mm Steel plate in front and below the liquid cooling system
* 6 mm Steel plate around the liquid cooling system in wings
* 8.5-10.5 mm Steel plates around MK 108 guns
* 6 mm Steel plate under defensive gunner
* 8.5 mm Steel plate in front of the defensive gunner

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm MK 108 cannons, nose-mounted (120 rpg left + 135 rpg right = 255 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|SC250JA (250 kg)|SC500K (500 kg)|SC1000L2 (1,000 kg)}}
{{main|Wfr.Gr.21|BK 3.7 (37 mm)|MG 151 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total)
* 12 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total) (600 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total) (500 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg SC500K bomb + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total) (500 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg SC500K bombs + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total) (1,000 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total) (1,000 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb + 1 x 250 kg SC250JA bomb + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total) (1,250 kg total)
* 1 x 37 mm BK 3.7 cannon, chin-mounted (66 rpg)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total) + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, belly-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 4 x Wfr.Gr.21 rockets + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total)
* 4 x Wfr.Gr.21 rockets + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, chin-mounted (400 rpg left + 350 rpg right = 750 total) + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, belly-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 4 x Wfr.Gr.21 rockets + 1 x 37 mm BK 3.7 cannon, chin-mounted (66 rpg)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|MG 81 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 81 machine guns, dorsal turret (750 rpg = 1,500 total)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| WB 151
| Turret 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 20 mm cannons
| BK 3,7 cannon
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| Offensive 37 mm
| ETC IXb
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 30 mm cannons
| New 37 mm cannons
| R6 modification
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Twin 30 mm Mk 108 cannons as primary armament at all times in the nose of the aircraft
* Comes with a default twin 20 mm MG 151 secondary armament with a generous amount of ammo (375 RPG) mounted to the chin
* Replaces the single MG 15 rear gunner turret with a twin MG 81 mount
* Can mount an additional twin MG 151 on the belly of the aircraft for a total of 4 x MG 151's
* A wide variety of bombs and rocket options to carry in combination with gunpods
* Can mount a BK 3.7 cannon with either HEFI-T or HVAP-T shells (or both)
* Fastest Bf 110 variant with the highest rate of climb
* Like all 110's, the G2 is very sturdy and can survive a lot of punishment
* Can suit a lot of different play styles like bomber hunting, CAS, or opportunistic support fighter
* Good armor and cannons mean that this Bf 110 variant is a beast when attacking headon

'''Cons:'''

* Mk 108 cannons require significant leading in order to secure a hit, making them unsuitable against fast-moving players
* Still significantly slower and bulkier than any single-engine fighter it flies against
* The second, extra 20 mm MG 151 gunpod only carries 200 rounds between them, compared to the first MG 151 gun pod with a total of 750 rounds
* A big target and very easy to hit in a turn
* In a dogfight a 110 will be picked apart by the horde of Allied seagulls

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23bf110g2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;videos
{{Youtube-gallery|AW9Gjrax8Zg|'''The Shooting Range #53''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:07 discusses the Bf 110.|akxAxhPBA3k|'''The Shooting Range #101''' - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 14:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|VHJN6ZWOmnY|'''The bane of tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5560-development-messerschmitt-bf-110-model-updates-new-modifications-en|[Devblog] Messerschmitt Bf 110 model updates, new modifications]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/414728-bf-110g-2/ [Forum<nowiki>]</nowiki> Bf 110 G-2 Data Sheet]

{{AirManufacturer BFW}}
{{Germany twin-engine fighters}}

Campania

2020-09-08T19:36:58Z

U88392144: /* Strategy */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Italy (Ground Forces Map)}}

[[File:MapIcon Ground Italy.jpg|center|408px]]

{| class="catlist" align="center"
|-
!
!
! Game Modes
!
!
|-
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Battle''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Domination''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon GreenCheckmark.png|link=]] '''Conquest''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon RedXCross.png|link=]] '''Break''' </div>
|<div style="width:110px; border-style:double">[[File:Icon RedXCross.png|link=]] '''Skirmish'''</div>
|}

__TOC__

==Overview==
[[File:MapLayout Ground Italy.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|right|The Full Italy Map]]
'''Italy''' is a ground forces map available in all modes. It was added in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]]. The map is set in the mountains of southern Italy. The map has four distinct areas, the areas to the east-west of the town, the main town itself, and the area to the north of the town. Outside of the main town, most buildings are destructible.

The predominant feature of the map is the large rectangular town. It stretches from near the map's southern border, up the centre of the map, until just over halfway from the bottom of the map. The town itself is made up of several different areas and consists of traditional Italian styled buildings. The roads are fairly wide and the area between buildings often forms courtyard like areas, with tables and stall set up within them; players can use these areas to work their way around the town while avoiding the roads. Houses and building flank both sides if the town, while there are often open areas and other buildings in the middle of the two sides.

In the south of the town, there is an island with a shrine-like structure, surrounded by statues, on it. The island is at a significantly lower elevation than the surrounding town and is accessed by three roads, curving down towards the island, one from the east, one from the west, and one from the north. The south of the town forms an arc around the island. To the north of the island is an open area, with a few small parks, and a fairly large church. North of that area there is a large fort, sat atop a rocky hill, overlooking the entire town, players cannot climb this hill, or access the fort. There is a noticeable drop in the elevation of the terrain, between the south and north faces of the fort. North of the fort, there is an ornate garden area, with a large villa to the north of it, the terrain in the garden is lower than that in the surrounding town. North of the villa there is another garden area and then a small castle. North of the castle there is a statue, atop a tall column; a wide avenue leads from the statue north, into a market area. In the north of the town, the buildings are denser; they are laid out in a circle around a market area, with a fountain at its centre.

The area to the west of the town is fairly barren, with sparsely placed houses. The terrain is uneven with gentle hills and dips in the terrain. Coupled with patches of rock, this helps stop people in the town from dominating the spawn areas. The area to the east of the town is similarly sparse, with uneven terrain. There are however a couple of small towns in the east, away from the main town.

A river runs across the map, north of the main town. There is a single bridge and another of crossing points which can be used to cross the river. Terrain north of the river drops away sharply; this area is lacking detail compared to the rest of the map, and there are many visual glitches. Despite this area being included in the full minimap, it is not playable in normal battles. This suggests it is ever not finished or was never intended to be played on.

The full tank battles map (including the unplayable north) is 4km x 4km, see the table below for the restricted size available in each game mode. The air battles map is 65km x 65km.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Battle area Size
! Game Mode
! AB
! RB
! SB
|-
| Domination
| 1.9 km x 1.9 km
| 2.4 km x 2.4 km
| 2.4 km x 2.4 km
|-
| Conquest #1
| 1.9 km x 1.9 km
| 1.9 km x 1.9 km
| 1.9 km x 1.9 km
|-
| Conquest #2
| 1.9 km x 1.9 km
| 2.4 km x 2.4 km
| 2.4 km x 2.4 km
|-
| Conquest #3
| 1.9 km x 1.9 km
| 1.9 km x 1.9 km
| 1.9 km x 1.9 km
|-
| Battle
| 1.9 km x 1.9 km
| 2.4 km x 2.4 km
| 2.4 km x 2.4 km
|}

===Historical Background===
The map location for Ground Battles is inspired by the city of Lazzaro, that is located near Reggio Calabria, but the map itself is located in another place. Not in the Calabria region, but in the Campania region. At the moment, the Ground Forces map is located on Cava de'Tirreni, a city very near to Salerno, that is 70 km away more or less from Naples, where the Operation Avalanche took place.

After Operation Husky and Operation Baytown, General Dwight D. Eisenhower decided, at Québec, with Mark Clark, the chief of the Fifth Army, the approval of the landing at Salerno, on September 9th, 1943.
The plan was to establish a bridgehead at Salerno, with the main purpose of conquering the very important port of Naples, a city near the Mount Vesuvius (which erupted in 1944).
On the other side, the Germans were under heavy pressure. Albert Kesselring thought that the landing could take place at Salerno, where German troops were well placed. However, Kesselring was in need of reinforcements, but they were denied by Jodl's 10th Army and by the Heeresgruppe B. Even if there weren't reinforcements, Kesselring was well placed at Salerno, and with the help of Vietinghoff, he organized improvement of the defences of Salerno and surroundings.

On September 9th, 1943, the landing began, 170.000 troops (British and American troops divided into 7 divisions) conquered Montecorvino Airfield, Salerno and Cava de'Tirreni (in this last case with the help of the Rangers) in less than 3 days. The heavy German reaction arrived on September 12th 1943, when Vietinghoff got the opportunity to attack Allied Forces. 5th Army suffered heavy losses, and Mark Clark considered the re-embark. But on September 14th 1943 Harold Alexander, the chief of the British 15th Army Group ordered to Montgomery (that was in Calabria), to advance immediately towards Salerno. On September 15th reinforcements arrived and on September 16th there was the last German attack with the "Hermann Göring" Division, but it failed and Kesselring ordered the general retreat, direction Gustav Line. On September 18th 1943, the fighting ended.

Salerno was conquered, but not Naples. On September 21st, Harold Alexander decided with Mark Clark the plane to advance towards the Volturno river. 5th Army had to conquer Naples and its port, but the advancing was very difficult: rain and mud slowed the operation, and Kesselring used his delaying strategies to slow down the Allied. But at the end, on October 1st 1943, 5th Army entered in Naples, a city devastated by air raids, but with no German soldiers. In fact, between September 27th→30th 1943, Neapolitan rebelled to the German in the famous "Four Days of Naples". Naples was the first European city to rebel against German occupations, and for this, the city and the population were rewarded with the Gold Medal for Military Valor(similar to the American Medal of Honor).

==Map configuration==
'''Domination''' 
There are three capture points. The battle area is restricted to the area of the map south of the river. Point A is in the market area in the north of the town, B is in the centre of the town, and C is just south of the church in the south of the main town.
[[File:MapLayout Domination Italy.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Domination configuration in RB & SB.]]

'''Conquest''' 
There are three configurations of the conquest mode, each with one capture point. The Conquest #1 battle area is in the south of the map, with the capture point in the market area, in the north of the town. In Conquest #2 the battle area is in the south of the map, with the capture zone, in the centre of the town. Finally, in the Conquest #3 configuration, the battle area is in the south of the map, with the capture point just south of the church in the south of the main town.
[[File:MapLayout Conquest1 Italy.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #1 configuration in RB & SB.]]
[[File:MapLayout Conquest2 Italy.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #2 configuration in RB & SB.]]
[[File:MapLayout Conquest3 Italy.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Conquest #3 configuration in RB & SB.]]

'''Battle''' 
There are two capture points, each owned by one of the teams. The battle area is in the south of the map. The capture points are located just south of the church in the south of the main town, and in the open market area in the north of the main town.
[[File:MapLayout Battle Italy.jpg|x300px|thumbnail|none|The Battle configuration in RB & SB.]]

==Strategy==
When you spawn in the southern spawn point, go to the C point. C is easily defendable with only a few streets leading into it and very few people will go there. When you have some teammates, guard the roads leading into the cap and watch out for the north flank, as some enemies will come from B.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

==References==
<references />

== Read also ==

[https://warthunder.com/en/news/5521-development-new-location-italy-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Italy] 

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

[[Category:Maps_and_missions]]
[[Category:Ground forces maps]]

Jagdtiger

2020-09-08T19:00:46Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_panzerjager_tiger}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Jagdtiger.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41.

The Jagdtiger is a heavy tank destroyer, designed to take out targets from a distance, this is shown as in-game the tank truly shines at long range combat where manoeuvrability and weak spots don't become as much as a threat, but the biggest benefit for long-range firing is the 128mm PaK44 L/55 Main Cannon, this gun can pierce over 200 mm of non-sloped armour at '''2000 METERS''' with APCBC Rounds. The PaK44 was the largest anti-tank weapon in service during World War II, nothing rivalled its penetrating capability nor its combat range, and it was easily capable of taking out any fielded allied tank in a single hit. As it was essentially a modification of a naval gun, the ammunition was still 2-part (shot and charge) and could be fired with less charge for close range high explosive shells.

At mid-long range is invincible versus APHE & the majority of HESH ammunition, only APDS & HEAT can penetrate it frontally. Common enemies are the end of the line [[T-10M]] and the American [[M103|M103]] both of which can pierce any part of tank armour with ease. Fortunately, pure armour strength limits the amount of spalling.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour
*Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 150 mm (49°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (49°) ''Bottom glacis'' || 80 + 5 mm (26°) || 80 mm (28-29°)|| 50 mm
|-
| Superstructure || 250 mm (2-28°) || 80 mm (26°) || 80 mm || 45 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

*Front of the tank is almost impossible to defeat, its armour is great, only the sides and rear are vulnerable.
*The lower glacis is pretty vulnerable, but a ''hulldown'' position can protect it.
*The superstructure side is covered with tracks, which provides another 30 mm extra armour to the sides.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 994|rbMinHp= 619|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|PaK 44 (128 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[PaK 44 (128 mm)|128 mm PaK 44]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 40 || -7°/+14° || ±10° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 4.4 || _.__ ||7.4||8.2||8.7
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 4.4 || _.__ ||4.3||4.7||5.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 23.6 ||20.9||19.3||18.2
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| PzGr || APC || 227 ||224||213||200||188||176||
|-
| PzGr 43 || APCBC ||267||265|| 253 ||238||224||211
|-
| Sprgr. L/4,5 || HE ||45||45||44||43||41||40
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| PzGr || APC || 930 || 28 || 1.2 || 19 || 786.5 || -1° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| PzGr 43 || APCBC || 940 || 28 || 1.2 || 19 || 786.5 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71
|-
| Sprgr. L/4,5 || HE || 750 || 28 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 3,700 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_Jagdtiger.png|thumbnail|right|x250px|Ammo racks of the Jagdtiger.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' ||33 ''(+7)'' || 28 ''(+12)'' || 23 ''(+17)'' || 17 ''(+23)'' || 11 ''(+29)'' || 6 ''(+34)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || no
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG 34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MG 34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG 34]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Hull mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity each)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (150) || 900 || -6°/+4° || ±7°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Inherent as any other Tank destroyer: Limit the channel of attack by either obstacles ''or'' distance and try to pick of targets one-by-one. Despite heavy armour, the Jagdtiger should retreat after every shot, if the opposition possesses weapons with penetration succeeding 180 mm, or else the lower plate will provide a big target. Make sure to take each corner with plenty of momentum though, if an enemy destroys the tracks or transmission during a turn, the remaining momentum will carry the Jagdtiger into a firing position or to safety.

As expected close-quarter-combat (''CQC'': Urban areas, cities, ravines, etc) should be avoided as they invite ambushes to the very weak side of Jagdtiger. Of course, narrow passageways can also be turned into chokepoints (see above).

Sitting at an uneasy spot with [[BR]] 7.3 in Arcade, and 6.7 in Realistic and Simulator, the Jagdtiger meets opponents with guns that can go through its armor much less regularly in Realistic and Simulator. However, the British 20 pounder, also quite common at 6.7, has an apds shell that can go through your armor easily at medium range. However, other than uptiers or tank destroyers firing HEATFS, no conventional rounds can really go through your armor in Realistic and Sim. Arcade however is a different story, as its higher BR will make it face more modern opponents.

Foes able to frontally penetrate the Jagdtiger in hull down position (hiding the lower glacis) are labeled in ☠red.

Due to the potency of the 128 mm APHE shell, specific modules must ''not'' be a target. A successful hit into the crew compartment will result in any tank exploding.

'''Realistic/Simulator Opponents'''

*[[IS-3]]: Shoot the pike, albeit it can be difficult to get through if it is angled straight forward. A trapshot is also quite possible, as long as you can richochet a shell of of the gun mantlet and into the turret.
*[[IS-6]]: Shoot the right side of the turret beside the gun, where there are 2 "dots" and a relatively flat surface. You will be able to penetrate this area most of the time.
*☠[[SU-122-54]]: Anywhere, except try to avoid the gun mantle. No noteworthy armour, but it has a dangerous gun.
*[[T-44]]: The frontal chassis can be very trolly with its ricochets. Turret and lower glacis nearly guaranteed a penetration and knocking them out instantly.
*T-54s & ☠[[T-54 (1951)|mod.51]]: All can be penetrated through the turret front (left and right of gun mantlet) from closer than 500m. Except for the [[T-54 (1947)|mod.47]] the Jagdtiger may also shoot the chassis' armour plate if it is pointed straight toward the Jagdtiger. Or just shoot the cupola and let the 700 grams of TNT equivalent do the rest
*☠[[M47|M47]]: Pretty much anywhere.
*☠Any [[M48A1|M48]]: Lot's of sloped armour. Frontally the commander's cupola can be picked, the turret ring, or gun mantlet.
*☠[[M60|M60]]: Basically just a better M48. Shoot it as if it is an M48, especially the commander's cupola
*☠[[T95|T95]]: Albeit a rare sight, the few specimens encountered are driven by madmen, or masochist. Either way, both tend to have a good understanding of enemy weak points. Inside 500m the T95's stock AP shell can penetrate the upper and lower frontal plate and the APCR can pierce the superstructure, but not the chassis. Fortunately, the raw armour strength limits shrapnel power and penetrated shots will do minor area damage in the spacious crew compartment. Damage can be avoided entirely by staying at distances exceeding 500m. The T95's armour is in all due respect superior to the Jagdtiger, yet features two protruding weak spots: The two cupolas, hitting them is another issue though. Combat should be engaged in ranges less than 500m, beyond that accuracy will not allow aiming for weak spots.
*☠[[M103|M103]]: So much sloped armour. Try to shoot into the turret trap (lower gun mantlet) or the turret ring.
*[[Panther_F|Panthers]]/[[M26|Pershing]]/[[M46|M46]]: Entire front is penetrable.
*[[Tiger II_(H)|Tiger II (H)]]: Right turret cheek to disable the turret for a safe reload. Alternatively, the lower glacis to get the transmission and a chance to knock out the entire crew.
*[[Maus|Maus]]: Turret cheeks, multiple hits will be necessary. If possible a shot into either the fuel tanks or chassis ammo rack for the 12,8cm cannon should insta-knock-out the behemoth.
*[[Jagdtiger|Jagdtiger]]: The lower plate is a good place to shoot. Make sure to hit at a good angle as the APBC can still bounce. Also, the flat parts of the superstructure when not angle work at close range.
*☠[[Leopard I|Leopard]]: Shoot it anywhere. Don't miss.

'''Arcade only Opponents'''

*[[IS-4M]]: The drives hatch is hard to get through with the tiny hole behind the additional armour. More favourable is the lower plate, or the gun mantlet on his left side.
*☠[[T-10M]]: Shoot the lower glacis when not angled, or shoot the cupolas with HE.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of fire
| PzGr 43
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Smoke grenade
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

*Shares the same hull as the Tiger II, so the upper glacis plate is still very tough
*The front of the superstructure is very difficult to get through with anything less than APDS or HEAT
*With its 6 man crew and thick armour, it's difficult to knock out this tank with one shot from an APDS or HEAT shell
*Even better gun mantlet than the one on the T95. Totally and utterly impenetrable
*128 mm PaK 44 cannon is an accurate cannon with a surprisingly quick to reload. It takes 20 seconds to reload with a decent crew. That is not bad considering the size and weight of the projectile that this gun fires
*PzGr 43 round has the second highest penetration of any APCBC round in the game
*Both the stock PzGr and PzGr 43 shells have an equivalent TNT explosive mass of 786 gram, ensuring devastating post-penetration damage
*When hull down, the Jagdtiger is a true terror on the battlefield. Especially when there are few post-war tanks in the game

'''Cons:'''

*Big target with a lot of ammunition in its hull. Shells that penetrate through the side can prove fatal
*Despite having a better engine than the Tiger II(H), the Jagdtiger weighs 7 more tons. This leaves a lot to be desired when it comes to manoeuvrability and acceleration
*20 second reload can be disastrous if the first shot missed
*Like most other tank destroyers, the Jagdtiger doesn't have a traversable turret. This makes dealing with flanking enemies a nightmare
*Just like all the other Tiger II's, the lower glacis is an easy target if not hull down
*Matchmaking can constantly up tier the Jagdtiger
*Corners of the superstructure are vulnerable to high penetration shells such as the M103's 120 mm AP shell, T-10's 122 mm APHE shell, British 183 mm and 120 mm shells, and Jagdtiger's own 128 mm APHE shell
*Armor is incredibly good, but can be penetrated easily by tanks at 6.7 br and higher, especially if they have HEAT-FS

== History ==

===Development===
This monster of a tank destroyer was inspired by the successes of previous tank destroyers such as the [[StuG III F|StuG III]] and the [[Marder III H|Marder]] series. Their efficiency in a battle called for a request by Army General Staff to mount an enormous 128 mm gun on a self-propelled vehicle for infantry support in early 1942, but then Hitler changed it from its intended role to a tank destroyer. The 128 mm design was chosen as toolings already existed for the calibre, as it originated from a naval cannon design, which also was used the basis of an anti-aircraft gun. The 128 mm cannon also had a very high hit rate when compared to other formidable calibres like the 105 mm and 88 mm.

In early 1943, the armoured chassis that was to carry the 128 mm gun was to be either the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] or [[Panther D|Panther]]. However, early modelling showed that the instalment of the 128 mm onto the Panther chassis was unsuitable. On October 20, 1943, the design was changed to use the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]] chassis and a wooden model was constructed for presentation to Hitler. Approved for further production, two prototypes were produced by Porsche and Henschel. Porsche version had an eight-wheel suspension system while the Henschel version had a nine-wheel overlapping suspension system similar to the Tiger II construction. The rest of the body was consistent to the current German tank destroyer designs, an armoured casemate structure was used to hold the new 128mm Pak 44 L/55 gun. The prototypes were completed and presented in February 1944, and were approved for service, earning the designation '''Jagdpanzer VI''', but was later renamed to '''Jagdtiger'''. 150 of these Jagdtigers were ordered by the army, but only 88 (at most) were produced before the end of the war. Eleven of the Jagdtigers used the Porsche suspension system while the rest were using the Henschel suspension system.

What made the Jagdtiger very special was its enormous gun, the 128 mm Pak 44 L/55. At its introduction, no allied armour could withstand the shell it fires, and though the same lethality could be shared with the Tiger II's 88 mm Pak 43, it has a much greater effective range of over 3.5 kilometres (though a variant of the Jagdtiger was equipped with the 88 mm Pak 43 due to 128 mm gun shortages, this never entered service). The gun could penetrate an enemy tank hiding behind cover, such as a house, shooting right through the house and hitting the target on the other side. A disadvantage of the gun was its two-part ammunition, the shell and the propellant, which increases the loading time of the gun. The armour of the front of the Jagdtiger was 250 mm and 150 mm on the glacis plate. Like almost every casemate design, the Jagdtiger suffered from lack of turret traverse and must have the entire vehicle rotate when a target moves out of its traverse range. The Jagdtiger has the distinct title of the heaviest armoured fighting vehicle produced, weighing about 71 tons, but like most of Germany's heavy armoured vehicles late in the war, the Jagdtiger also suffered mechanical and mobility issues. The heavyweight caused it to be slow and was easy to break down if the vehicle had to rotate to aim the gun, due to the heavily strained transmission and suspensions. Also, the gun had to be locked down (cannot traverse) when not in use to avoid wearing out the mounting brackets, and a crew member had to exit the vehicle to unlock it before firing.

===Combat usage===
The Jagdtiger was first issued on September 1944 to the Western front in the hands of the 512th and 653rd Heavy Panzerjäger Battalions. Otto Carius, a Tiger Ace, commanded the 2nd Company of 512th to defend against the Allied offensives. He comments that the Jagdtigers could not be brought to their full potential on the battlefield due to many pressing issues. The two most pressing issues of the Jagdtiger was the mechanical failures and lack of crew training on the heavy beasts. The mechanical issues forced many Jagdtigers to be disabled and eventually destroyed by their own crew as they abandoned it. Only 20% of the Jagdtigers on the Western Front were lost in combat, the rest was due to the mechanical failures or out of fuel. Crew training was insufficient with the Jagdtiger and so was morale, Otto Carius noted that two Jagdtigers failed to fire on Allied armour more than a mile away in fear of an air attack, even though they were well concealed, and both broke down as they tried to withdraw from the fear of air attacks. One was disabled when it fell into a bomb crater and another was lost because of friendly fire from Volksstrum, as they had never seen a Jagdtiger before. In another instance, alone Jagdtiger engaged an American tank platoon. When the tank platoon opened fire, the Jagdtiger withdrew not by backing up, but turned around due to inexperienced crew training, exposing the weaker side armour and was destroyed. Eventually, Otto Carius's company was surrounded in the Ruhr pocket and he ordered the guns of the surviving Jagdtigers destroyed and to surrender to the Americans. Of the ten tigers in Otto's 2nd Company of the 512th battalion, one was lost to friendly fire, another by combat, and the rest by breakdown or crew destruction. The total American armour kills reached was ten American tanks, making one Allied tank loss for each Jagdtiger loss.

Though Otto's memoir left a sour note on the Jagdtiger's combat effectiveness, it had some success. On January 17, 1945, two Jagdtigers engaged fortified positions near Auenheim with no loss. The next day, they engaged four bunkers at a distance of 1,000 meters. The combat had 46 high-explosive and 10 armoured-piercing shells fired on fortifications and tanks, the Jagdtigers were able to destroy a few Allied bunkers and tanks with no losses. Then in April 1945, 512th Battalion saw lots of action when the 1st company engaged Allied tanks and trucks on April 9th, destroying 11 tanks and over 30 other AFVs, the distance of engagement was more than 4,000 meters and ended with only one Jagdtiger lost due to an air attack. The next few days, the 1st company proceeded to destroy five more Shermans before surrendering at Iserlohn. All activity of the 512th Battalion ended with the surrender of the last of the 2nd company April 15th in the same city.

The Jagdtiger's impact on the war for Germany was negligible. There were not enough of them to change the course of the situation for Germany, plus the kill-to-loss ratio makes its production waste of resources when much better models like the StuG were able to get even higher combat performances for a much more economical cost. It represents one of Germany's last attempts to model the belief that more armour and more firepower could equal success in a battlefield against a numerically superior enemy.

===Survivors===
Today, three Jagdtigers survive in museums. One is in Bovington Tank Museum in England, which is one of the 11 Porsche-suspension version and was captured in April 1945 by the British. Another is a Henschel-version at the National Armor & Cavalry Museum in Fort Benning, Georgia of America after being moved from the US Army Ordinance Museum, this was captured in March 1945. The last is in Kubinka Tank Museum in Russia, a Henschel-version that was captured on May 5, 1945, in Austria and is in the best mint condition of the three survivors.

=== In-game description ===
The Jagdtiger was developed by the Krupp and Henschel companies in 1943–1944 and was based on the chassis of the Tiger II heavy tank. It became the most powerful tank destroyer in the Wehrmacht.

A massive stationary cabin was installed on an elongated, 260 mm-long Pz.Kpfw. VI Ausf. B tank's hull. Its frontal armor plate had a thickness of 250 mm, at an inclination of 15 degrees, making it virtually invulnerable to all of the enemy's tank and anti-tank guns. The immense weight of its 128 mm 12,8 cm PaK 44 L/55 gun required a special installation procedure using a special lift-turning mechanism mounted in the crew compartment.

This vehicle had two types of chassis: the Henschel type, with torsion bars, and the Porsche type, with double-axis carriages and spring balancers. Seven tanks were built using the Porsche suspension. Afterwards, in order to standardize parts with the Tiger II tank, only the Henschel suspension was used. The vertical surfaces of the first 9 tank destroyers were covered with an anti-magnetic Zimmerit paste.
Around 88 of these vehicles were produced between December 1944 and April 1944.

Jagdtiger tank destroyers were delivered to the 653rd and 512th heavy tank destroyers battalions. These battalions fought on the Western Front. Two of these self-propelled guns entered the service of the 501st Battalion of the Waffen-SS, and fought with troops of the Red Army in Austria, in May 1945.
The majority of losses suffered by the Jagdtiger were caused by mechanical failure or attacks by Allied aircraft. Some of the vehicles were blown up and abandoned by their crews after running out of ammunition or fuel.

The Jagdtiger's disadvantages included its massive weight, which had a negative effect on its mobility and made its chassis more susceptible to breakage. Also, the vehicle was much too difficult to manufacture.

== Media ==

[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=germ_panzerjager_tiger '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the Jagdtiger from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/2655/current/ [Special<nowiki>]</nowiki> Jagdtiger "Hunting Tiger"]
* [[Wikipedia:Jagdtiger|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Jagdtiger]]
* [http://www.worldwarphotos.info/gallery/germany/tanks-2-3/jagdtiger/ World War Photos - Jagdtiger Collection]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

M4 748 (a) (Germany)

2020-09-08T18:51:57Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m4a2_1944_germ}}
{{About
| about = captured American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M4 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M4 748(a).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was available only for [[wt:en/news/356/current/|pre-order]] during the Closed Beta Test of Ground Forces during the period before [[Update 1.41]]. 500 units were also for sale during the [[wt:en/news/5079-special-hurry-up-and-get-rare-packs-en|5th Anniversary event]], which sold out within a few hours. It represented a captured [[M4A2|M4A2 Sherman]] in Wehrmacht service and was the first Sherman to be implemented in the game. Unfortunately, it is currently impossible for a new War Thunder player to acquire this rare tank.

The M4 748(a) plays like any other M4 Sherman as a mobile tank with adequate armour and gun. While its frontal armour and gun may not be up for the tasks against its contemporaries at its battle rating, the M4's mobility allows the M4 to get around the front line to capture the objective or hit the enemy in the sides. Though, if the heavy manoeuvring is not preferable, the M4 can also perform well as a supporting tank by backing up a more powerful tank to overwhelm a small enemy group.

Visually, the M4 748(a) is identical to the [[M4A2|M4A2 Sherman]]. The only big distinctive feature of the M4 748(a) is the paint coat on the tank, which is a combination of the yellow ''dunkelgelb'', red-brown ''rotbraun'', and green ''olivgrün'', in a manner similar to the default scheme of the [[Panther G|Panther G]].

Features on the M4 748(a) are shared with its counterpart with a 47° front armour plate with a one-piece transmission housing. The turret features the M34A1 gun mount with the 75 mm M3 gun, the mount specified for a telescopic and periscopic scope. Unlike the [[M4|M4 Sherman model]] that has the same gun mount, the right turret side does not have a welded piece of applique armour, allowing for a more sloped contour on the 76 mm turret armour. The turret top features a spotlight on the front loader's position with his oval hatch while the commander has a usual split hatch with an M2 Browning machine gun for him to use.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 63.5 mm (47°) ''Front glacis'' 51-108 mm (12-56°) ''Transmission housing'' || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm (7-10°) || 19.5 mm
|-
| Turret || 76 mm (3-65°) ''Turret front'' 89 + 51 mm (2-62°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 51 mm (2-64°) || 51 mm (2-60°) || 19.5 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 51 mm || 19.5 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, the bogies are 10 mm, and the tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Small applique armour are placed on the side hull armour over ammunition that gives an extra 25.4 mm.
* Belly armour is 19.5 mm thick, though the tip near the transmission is 38.1 mm thick.
* Hull underside over tracks is 9.5 mm thick.
* A 9.5 mm RHA plate separates the engine compartment from the crew compartment.
* A small patch on the turret front right side is thinner (50.8 mm) than the rest (76.2 mm).

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 635|rbMinHp= 363|AoAweight= 1.15}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M3 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm M3]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer

|-
| colspan="3" | 97 || -10°/+25° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' ||22.85||31.62||38.40||42.47||45.18
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.4 || 22.60 || 24.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 6.50 || 5.75 || 5.30 || 5.00
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M72 shot || AP ||90||88||78||67||57||49
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| M61 shot || APCBC ||103||101||90||78||68|| 59
|-
| T45 shot || APCR || 143 || 137 || 127 || 106 || 86 || 70
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 619 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 463 || 6.3 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 666 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M61 shot || APCBC || 618 || 6.8 || 1.2 || 20 || 63.7 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T45 shot || APCR || 868 || 3.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| M89 || 259 || 3 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''97''' || 91 ''(+6)'' || 88 ''(+9)'' || 86 ''(+11)'' || 78 ''(+19)'' || 63 ''(+34)'' || 46 ''(+51)'' || 31 ''(+66)'' || 1 ''(+96)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks M4.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the M4 Sherman.]]
Notes:

* To go into battle with the turret basket empty of ammo, pack 78 ''(+19)'' shells (racks 1 to 4 emptied).
* To go into battle with the turret basket and the flanks empty of ammo, pack 31 ''(+66)'' shells (Racks 1 to 7 empty).
* The 8th rack is large and located at a a weak spot: the bottom section of the armor. In case of penetration, there is a high risk of ammo rack detonation. Make sure not to expose your flanks unnecessarily.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 300 (200) || 577 || -10°/+25° || ±60°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The M4 748(a) is a very versatile weapons platform that can be used in multiple roles and tactics. It can use its decent armour and gun to support friendlies against enemies, use its mobility to outmanoeuvre and exploit undefended location to reach an unsuspecting area, and a combination of the traits to deal with its contemporary medium tanks with the 75 mm gun with its APCBC and APCR ammunition.

While most tanks in the BR range of the M4 748(a) are quite capable of destroying the tank through the front, the most worrisome tanks are those that are quite immune to the 75 mm gun on the M4. APCR ammunition is given to the 75 mm gun, but its poor slope characteristics still make it situational ammunition than a universal tank annihilator. As such, exploiting side armour and general weak points of opposing tanks are still a must.

:'''Exploitation''' 

The M4 748(a) tank's mobility can be used to travel the distance on the battlefield in a satisfactory fashion. As the M4 748(a) cannot stand against the more heavily armoured and armed enemies at the higher BR range, a manoeuvre around the enemy force or in a location prime for an ambush location can allow the M4 Sherman to damage or destroy enemy tanks. The engine power allows the M4 to travel across rough terrain to get to its destination. The only drawback in this action would be an unexpected encounter with another enemy trying the same manoeuvre, which would be an enemy tank class of equal to the M4 or lower so a good engagement against them could let the M4 continue its merry way.

:'''Supporting''' 

There are many instances on a War Thunder battlefield where two opposing tanks face off against each other on a corner of cover, waiting for the other to pop out so it can deal a crippling blow with its gun or waiting for the other to prematurely fire so it can advance unhindered to a prime firing location. The M4 748(a) can alleviate this problem by giving the friendly tank additional support. In this scenario, go around the enemy through another angle while the teammate keeps the enemy busy. This way, the M4 can go around and prepare itself for a firing solution on the enemy tank. This will either end with 1) a successful out-manoeuvre and the M4 landing a shot on the enemy's side and weak point while it was preoccupied with the ally, or 2) the tank is forced to turn its attention to the M4, leaving your ally able to advance and do the same to get on the enemy's side.

On a larger battle scale with multiple allies and enemies, work in cohesion with the others behind the front lines as the allies absorb most of the enemy shots, allowing the M4 to line a perfect shot on a spent enemy to land a penetrating shot into the hull and knocking out the crew. Always aim for a crippling or defeating blow so that the enemy tank will not be an immediate threat to the rest of the team while it repairs or replenishes.

:'''Capturing the Objective''' 

While not as fast as some of the lighter tanks at the BR, the M4 748(a)'s upgraded mobility makes it usable as a vehicle to run towards the objective and capture the zone. It has the decent firepower and armour to handle enemy light tanks that are expected to also rush towards points, and so it could last for some time capturing and defending the zones. However, once heavier tanks and contemporary medium tanks start arriving in droves, it is recommended to start withdrawing from the position or else the M4 will be overwhelmed and destroyed at the first priority due to being an easy target, even if allies are present to support the M4 on the position.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Excellent gun depression of -10° plus the angled frontal turret allows it to utilise hills very well
* Great penetration and post-penetration damage when using M61 shells; can frontally penetrate and one-shot most opponents like the [[T-34 (Family)|T-34,]] Crusader, [[M4]] and others
* Vertical stabiliser allows it to fire on the move, or, in a sudden encounter, fire before the enemy which is critical
* Well angled frontal armour; when angling the hull it can deflect some low calibre / low-penetrating shells like the Stuarts' 37 mm, 75 mm M1, 76 mm F-34 / Zis-5 and others
* Adequate top speed allows it to get to positions in time, or to do tactical manoeuvres like flanking
* Rather fast reload speed for follow up shots
* Plenty of reserve ammunition for prolonged fighting without replenishing at captured points
* Due to it being a part of the German tech tree, you will not have to face the long barrel 75 mm (RB/SB) which increases its survivability quite a bit
* Inexperienced players might mistake it for an allied Sherman, especially in RB and SB

'''Cons:'''

* Large profile and weak side armour; flankers like the M24 Chaffee can easily see and penetrate it
* Frontal armour is still inadequate, will get frontally penetrated and one-shot by tanks like Achilles, [[M10 (Family)|M10]] and T-34-57
* The best M61 shell struggles to penetrate heavy targets like [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)]], Churchill Mk.III or even the T-34 and M10 when angled
* Trajectory is curved and velocity is low due to its short barrel, thus distant/moving targets are hard to shoot at
* Hull traverse is quite slow, making it sluggish in a turn
* Roof armour of 19.5 mm thick is vulnerable to airstrikes with AP cannons. For example the widely used [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]]

== History ==


===Captured equipment===
In the midst of the battlefield in World War II, wreckage and broken down equipment are often left behind by the army on the field due to either the inability to recover them or they are no longer operable. This equipment, if salvageable, are often taken by the occupiers and used for their own purposes. The Allies mostly captured German vehicles for use in gun tests and target practice, with the Soviets going as far as fielding captured tanks in their own ranks such as the [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]] as the [[T-III (USSR)|T-III]]. The German forces also captured Allied tanks as well, mostly fielding them in the Panzer forces to supplement the growing attrition of their armoured forces. The [[M4A2|M4 Sherman]], one of the most common tanks in the Allied forces, was often captured and fielded by the German forces. The fielded Shermans in the German army was given the designation '''M4-748(a)'''.

===Combat usage===
It is unknown exactly how many Shermans have been captured and used by the German forces during World War II, but the German-captured Shermans have been documented in the battlefields of Tunisia, Italy, France, Soviet Union, and in Germany itself in the last days of the war. The Shermans were reported to be used in the 14th Panzer Division, 16th Panzer Division, Fallschirmjäger Division, and Kampfgruppe Berlin. When used by the Germans, the Shermans were often painted with ''Balkenkreuz'' cross symbol of the Wehrmacht to distinguish between friend and foe.

The German captured M4 Sherman's most notable combat performance was in the Ardennes Offensive in December 1944, the Baltic Offensive against the Soviet Union in late 1944, and the Battle of Berlin. The Shermans were also reported to play a role as armour-recovery vehicles rather than tanks due to Sherman's great power-to-weight ratio and reliable design that allows for the ability to tow the heavier German vehicles reliably.

=== In-game description ===
The American M4A2 medium tank is a variant of the M4 with a diesel engine. In April 1942, the first M4A2 prototype was tested, and the tank was put into production. The tank had a welded hull. A low-speed diesel engine gave the M4A2 good cross-country ability and a much larger maximum range than tanks with gasoline engines.
A total of 8053 of these tanks were built. About 2000 of them were delivered to the Soviet Union under the Lend-Lease program.

This vehicle was actively used in combat operations on the Eastern Front. Sometimes, entire tank battalions were made up of this tank.
Captured serviceable tanks were used by the Wehrmacht as subdivision command vehicles and sometimes even full-fledged combat vehicles. Captured M4A2 tanks served with the self-propelled artillery regiment of the 14th Armored Division of the Wehrmacht and with the 15th Parachute Division of the Luftwaffe. Most of the tanks were marked with an Iron Cross to show they belonged to the German army. Some tanks were repainted to match the standard camouflage schemes of the German army. The armor protection of these tanks was often supplemented with spare treads.
Captured M4-748 (a) tanks were used by German troops until the end of the war. The divisions of the Wehrmacht had several such tanks which survived until Germany surrendered.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23m4_748 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|nDsevMd8aAo|'''M4 748 (a): Rugged relic''' - ''Oxy''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[M4]]
* [[M4A2]]
* [[Calliope]]

== External links ==


* [http://beutepanzer.ru/Beutepanzer/us/M4_sherman/m4-75-sherman-01.htm <nowiki>[Beutepanzer.ru]</nowiki> Medium tank M4 (75mm) "Sherman" Panzerkampfwagen M4-748 (a)]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

Chi-Ha LG

2020-09-08T18:49:42Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_navy_120mm_spg}}
{{About
| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Chi-Ha (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Raining Fire"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear
|-
| Hull || 25 mm || 25 mm ''Top'' 25 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm
|-
| Turret || 10 mm ''Turret front'' 10 mm ''Gun mantlet''
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=241|rbMinHp=150|AoAweight=}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|10th Year Type (120 mm)}}
This gun shouldn't be confused as the one on the [[Chi-Ha Short Gun]], while said Chi-Ha has a short gun meant for transport ships on anti submarine & close range fire range, the 12cm/45 10th Year was used as coastal emplacements and outfitted on early Japanese cruisers. It offers a high velocity gun to fling HE over the map with quite an ease.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[10th Year Type (120 mm)|120 mm 10th Year Type]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 10 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±60° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 10.6 || 14.7 || 14.8 || 16.4 || 17.41 || rowspan="2" | 12.8 || rowspan="2" | 11.5 || rowspan="2" | 10.6 || rowspan="2" | 10.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.2 || 8.4 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Ordinary, Mod.1 || HE || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25
|-
| C.P.(BF) || SAPCBC || 103 || 102 || 95 || 87 || 80 || 74
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Ordinary, Mod.1 || HE || 825 || 20.4 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 1.97 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| C.P.(BF) || SAPCBC || 825 || 20.4 || 1.2 || 19 || 1.87 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''10''' || 1 ''(+9)'' || Yes
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! Firepower
|-
| I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|-
| II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


;Pros:

* High velocity
* Versatile Chi-Ha chassis
** Quite fast (up to {{Annotation|44 km/h|Arcade battles}} | {{Annotation|39 km/h|Realistic / Simulator battles}}), allowing it to get to certain spots in time
** Great turning ability in low gear
** Lovely climbing ability, Good to get in sniper locations

;Cons:

* Gun shield is small and thin, doesn't provide too much cover
* Only one crew member is inside the tank
** Vehicle can be destroyed due low caliber MG fire even with full crew
** Two loader crew in the back of the tank have no direct cover
* 10 shells max
* Shells might have some trouble penetrating the front armor of some tanks, especially in up tiers

== History ==

{{main|Chi-Ha (Family)|l1=History of the Type 97 Chi-Ha}}

As the Chi-Ha was very structurally sound and is able to withstand high amounts of additional weights while maintaining stable stress-levels and speed. This made it a great testbed for heavier weapons and equipement.

One of these additions / variants was an IJN refit of the Chi-Ha to be made in a 12cm Self-propelled gun carrying the 12 cm/45 10th Year Naval Cannon outfitted on early cruisers before they were replaced by 127 mm's.

A dozen of these 12cm SPG's were constructed in defense of the homeland in-case of the high probable American invasion.

The gun was bolted on the hull and used similar to the Archer in performance, firing from the rear to maintain recoil levels while firing.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6840-development-chi-ha-long-gun-the-last-chance-gun-en|[Devblog] Chi-Ha Long Gun: The Last Chance Gun]]

{{Japan tank destroyers}}

M4A4 (China)

2020-09-04T15:52:59Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_m4a4_sherman}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The hull is very similar to the American [[M4|M4 Sherman]], with a 50.8 mm thick upper glacis and protruding hatches interrupting the glacis (augmented with appliqué armour). Weak spots here include the machine gun port and ventilator on the right side. The hull sides feature appliqué armour plates covering the ammunition storage racks. The turret is also very similar but lacks the appliqué armour on the right cheek, leaving a small weakened zone in that area. Frontal protection is quite good for its rank and shots from smaller anti-tank guns can generally be shrugged off, particularly when hull down. However more powerful guns such as the [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IV F2's]] long 75mm can destroy the tank easily, so care should be taken. The side armour is only 38.1 mm thick and can be easily penetrated by just about any anti-tank gun, but the appliqué armour on this model can help if the tank is angled.

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=620|rbMinHp=354}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M3 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm M3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 98 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.47 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 91 || 88 || 78 || 67 || 57 ||49
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| M61 shot || APCBC || 104 || 101 || 90 || 78 || 68 || 59
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! rowspan="2" | Normalisation at 30° from horizontal
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 619 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1.0° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 463 || 6.3 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 666 || +0.0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M61 shot || APCBC || 618 || 6.79 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 63.7 || +4.0° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M89 || 259 || 3.0 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''98''' || 91 ''(+7)'' || 89 ''(+9)'' || 86 ''(+12)'' || 79 ''(+19)'' || 62 ''(+36)'' || 46 ''(+52)'' || 31 ''(+67)'' || 1 ''(+97)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_M4A4_(Italy).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
Notes:

* To go into battle with the turret basket empty of ammo, pack 79 ''(+19)'' shells (racks 1 to 4 emptied).
* To go into battle with the turret basket and the flanks empty of ammo, pack 31 ''(+67)'' shells (racks 1 to 7 emptied).
* The 8th rack is large and located in a weak spot: the bottom section of the armor. In case of penetration, there is a high risk of ammo rack detonation. Make sure not to expose your flanks unnecessarily.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

The M4A4 only has a coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and lacks the familiar pintle-mounted M2 Browning seen on other Sherman models. This makes fending off lightly-armoured and fast opponents like the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2 | Puma]] more difficult as the main gun must be used instead. The lone M1919A4 is also unlikely to do significant damage to incoming aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The M4 Sherman is an effective medium-range combat tank. Equipped with a fast-firing 75mm gun and with good handling characteristics, the M4 can be an extremely useful asset in most battles.

In battle the M4 performs well as an all-rounder; the thick turret front and 10 degrees of gun depression make the tank ideal for taking hull-down positions which protect the thinner hull armour from being penetrated by enemy fire. The sloped front upper glacis, when angled, also provides good protection against enemy fire. An unusual - and useful - difference is that the upper glacis is sloped at 56 degrees rather than the standard 45 degrees, making it more of a threat and more powerful due to improving the chances of a round ricochet. The only downfall may be the 2 crew member position in the front that protrudes out to form a flat surface, but both are covered with an additional 20 mm plate. The reasonable mobility of the Sherman makes flanking a viable tactic. The main weakness of the M4 is the side armour - not only is it vertical and thin, but behind it most of the ammunition is stowed. The tall silhouette of the tank also makes finding suitable cover difficult. Overall, the M4 Sherman can be considered as an armoured jack-of-all-trades - it will serve a tanker well, however it will not excel in any particular role.

In battle, try to use terrain as cover. Hull-down positions are especially strong in the M4 Sherman, as it has a good 10 degrees of gun depression. The gun mantlet and turret are reasonably strong, but avoiding shots is still the best strategy. In this respect, a hull-down position hides the vulnerable hull. If this is not available, then angling the hull armour to present a greater slope is often a good idea, as this can bounce some low-powered cannon at any range and at longer ranges, render the hull impenetrable.

Another way to play the M4 Sherman is to tap into its traditional cavalry role, its mobility. The M4 Sherman is a great flanker as it is fast enough to get the jump on the enemy's side. Defeat the enemy at their weak front lines or go around the entire enemy force. Once in position at their sides or rear, ambush them. Ideally, the enemy should be too busy focusing on allies attacking in the front to notice the M4 instantly. Take out the weaker light or medium tanks, the 75 mm gun is not very ideal against heavy tanks like the [[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1]] so take out its friends to allow allies more room to outmanoeuvre the KV tank. An organized attack will increase the M4 chances on the battlefield and success.

Compared to the contemporary [[T-34 (1943) (China)|T-34 (1943)]] in the PLA line of the Chinese tree, the M4A4 has worse mobility but enjoys vastly improved gun handling. They are good complements to each other, as the T-34 excels in fast, aggressive attacks while the M4A4 is good for methodical pushes and hull-down scenarios.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[M4A2]] / [[M4A4 (1st PTG)|A4]]: these Sherman tanks are widely used by over 3 nations that spread across both the Allied and the Axis side, so no matter which nation you play they can be quite tough to destroy in the hands of a skilled tanker. Given the rather weak penetration of your short 75mm gun, their hull can be almost impossible to penetrate when angled, hull down or 300m away. For a M4A4, there are 2 apparent bulges on the upper front plate, a penetration through there is a guaranteed kill most of the times. But in case the opponent covers them up or when it's a M4A2, aim for the middle parts of the gun mantlet or the turret armor unprotected by the mantlet, you can at least make them defenseless. Note that their guns are equally weak against you, so wiggle around to disrupt their aim while you reload, you have a good chance of bouncing some shells.

[[KV I C 756 (r) (Germany)|KV I C 756 (r)]]:

A vehicle that the M4 Sherman will have trouble against is this German KV-1. While the [[KV-1 (L-11)|L-11]] is underpowered, the [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|ZiS-5]] is potent enough to punch through the Sherman's front, and the Sherman is unable to penetrate the KV-1's thick armour especially with its dd-on armor plates. If this heavy tank is encountered and if it's angling the hull, aim at the gun mantlet as it is only 50mm thick. You can knock out its gunner easily. Or shoot at the thin copula, there's also some chance to kill the gunner. Of course, the best way is to shoot at its sides and rear without any angle, where its armour is unsloped, though it will still have to be at a close range to penetrate the armour. In addition, shots to the sides will most likely hit fuel tanks or ammunition storage, causing a fire or ammunition detonation and at best, time to reassess the situation.

[[Churchill Mk I]], [[Churchill Mk III]], [[Pz.Kpfw. Churchill (Germany)|Pz.Kpfw. Churchill]]:

The Churchills, with their complex hulls and sturdy turrets, can be quite hard to kill at range. Again, maneuver as close to them as possible, the idea distance being no more than 200m. If they are angling their hull but facing their turret at you, only go for the turret. For the Mk I Churchills, aim at the near-vertical part of their rounded cheeks to ensure successful penetrations. For the Mk III and the German Churchill, also aim for their flat turret which is at most 89mm. The shell should go in easily and knock out most, if not all of the crew. Only when you are facing their hull without any angles should you shoot the hull, otherwise shoot the turret only, as their big tracks can easily get in front of the frontal hull. The side hull have multiple layers of armor, some of which are weirdly angled and can absorb plenty of shells.

[[Pz.IV F2]]/G/H/J:

The historical nemesis of any Sherman, the Panzer IV is one of the Shermans biggest threats at this rank. The long barrel 75mm gun will easily penetrate the Sherman from the front. The F2 variant is admittedly easy to deal with. A single APCBC to its hull or turret should end it pretty quickly, even at long range. The other variants are slightly harder to deal with. They have thicker hull armour, at 80mm, which will be much harder to penetrate with the APCBC over 500m. Luckily the turret armour remains the same at 50mm. Either aim here with APCBC or sacrifice damage potential and use the AP round to penetrate the hull.

[[StuG III F]]/G:

Another historical nemesis of the Sherman, and another big threat. The StuG III packs the same punch as the Panzer IV line with its long barrel 75mm gun, whilst losing the turret, which turns out to be both an advantage and a disadvantage. Lacking a turret means that it will have to traverse the whole vehicle to target an enemy, but it also means that it has a lower profile. The StuG's armour profile is also more complex than the Panzer IV, with less flat areas. Certain areas are sloped and very bouncy. Luckily, there is a big weak spot. There are two flat plates on the front of the hull. The flat plate on the right is the drivers port. Shoot that and you are able to kill the driver, gunner and loader in one go. This is a very efficient way to destroy this vehicle. With the F variant, you can use APCBC to instantly one-shot this vehicle. With the G variant, it is more reliable to use AP at ranges within 500m to ensure penetration.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| M61 shot
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| M89
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Excellent gun depression of -10° plus the angled frontal turret allows it to utilise hills very well
* Great penetration and post-penetration damage when using M61 shells; can frontally penetrate and one-shot most opponents like the [[Pz.IV F2]], [[Chi-Nu]] and [[StuG III F|StuG III]] F
* Great turret traverse speed allows it to deal with multiple threats easily
* Adequate top speed allows it to get to positions in time, or to do tactical manoeuvres like flanking
* Pintle-mounted HMG provides an anti-aircraft defence or anti-tank duty against tanks like [[Marder III]]
* Fitted with a vertical stabilizer, allowing more accurate fire on the move compared to other tanks, as well as better usage of shoot-n-scoot tactics

'''Cons:'''

* Large profile and weak side armour; flankers like the Sd.kfz.234/2 can easily see and penetrate it
* Frontal armour is still inadequate, will get frontally penetrated and one-shot by tanks like [[Pz.IV F2]] / G, [[StuG III F]] / G, [[M10 (Family)|M10]]
* The best M61 shell struggles to penetrate heavy targets like [[StuG III G]], Churchill Mk.III or even the T-34 and M10 when angled
* Trajectory is curved and velocity is low due to its short barrel, thus distant/moving targets are hard to shoot at
* Hull traverse is quite slow, making it sluggish in a turn. Also the narrow tracks offer poor ground flotation, thus poor off-road capabilities. Can only reach its top speed on paved or hard surfaces
* Missing M2 Browning machine gun means anti-aircraft defense is weak
* Roof armour of 19.5 mm thick is vulnerable to airstrikes with AP cannons. For example the widely used [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]]

== History ==

The product of a production shortage of Ford GAA V8 engines, the M4A4 instead used the Chrysler A57 multibank. Due to the much more complex maintenance that the engine required, the A4 was unpopular with American mechanics and nearly all models were sent to the British, Soviets, and Chinese.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[M4A4 (1st PTG)]]
* [[M4A4 (France)]]
* [[M4A4 (Italy)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China medium tanks}}

M4A3 (76) W (Japan)

2020-09-04T14:28:10Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}}
{{About
| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = similar vehicles
| link-1 = M4A3 (76) W
| link-2 = M4A3 (105)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (or just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces tree in [[Update_1.65_"Way_of_the_Samurai"|Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]]. This Japanese vehicle, following the [[M24 (Japan)|M24 SDF]] in the tree line, is identical to the American [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3 (76) W HVSS Sherman]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Front, Side, Rear, Roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Gun mantlet, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 63.5 mm (47°) ''Front glacis'' 63.5-107.9 mm (13-77°) ''Transmission housing'' || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm (22°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm (13-44°) ''Bottom''|| 19.5 mm
|-
| Turret || 63.5 mm (10-62°) ''Turret front'' 88.9 mm (1-74°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 63.5 mm (1-72°) || 63.5 mm (0-80°) || 25.4 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 63.5 mm (55-56°) || 25.4 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=775|rbMinHp=442}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M1 (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm M1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 71 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.46 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.78 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M62 shell || APCBC || 149 || 146 || 133 || 119 || 106 || 95
|-
| M42A1 shell || HE || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7
|-
| M79 shot || AP || 134 || 132 || 121 || 109 || 99 || 89
|-
| M93 shot || APCR || 190 || 186 || 167 || 146 || 128 || 112
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M62 shell || APCBC || 792 || 7.00 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 63.7 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| M42A1 shell || HE || 800 || 5.84 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 390 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M79 shot || AP || 792 || 6.80 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M93 shot || APCR || 1,036 || 4.22 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M88 || 274 || 3.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M4A1_(76)_W.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''71''' || 57 ''(+14)'' || 43 ''(+28)'' || 29 ''(+42)'' || 15 ''(+56)'' || 1 ''(+70)'' || Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 577 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Playing as the M4A3 can be tricky since it features armour that can't stop most calibers at its rank such as the German 8.8 cm or the Soviet 85 mm, including the fact that it isn't the fastest tank. The M4A3 plays more of a support role, use the powerful 76 mm to assist teammates during an advance or defense. The number one rule of this tank is to never fight alone with it, always be with a teammate and use cover when available since it will give the Sherman a great advantage.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| M79 shot
| Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| M93 shot
| Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| M88
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Single-plane gun stabilizer
* Decent 76 mm gun
* Very fast turret traverse
* Quick reload for the 76mm Gun
* Wet ammo storage - Which reduces greatly ammo rack chances, is indicated by the "W" in its name, this also means tightly packed ammo only placed under the turret
* Top-mounted .50 cal useful against fighters and open topped/light vehicles
* Great cross terrain performances due to larger tracks, same as the [[M4A3 (105)]]
* Access to APCR shells
* Access to Smoke shells

'''Cons:'''

* All-around armour is very weak against most cannons
* At 5.7br, the armor can't stop shells from Tigers or Panthers
* 76 mm gun, while adequate when top rank, is lacking against opponents
* Tall profile, makes it a bigger target

== History ==

===Development===
The [[M4|M4 Sherman]] has become a proven and well-respected tank design by 1944. It was highly reliable, adequately armoured, and could be produced in a very large number with a dedicated support arm to ensure that all of the ones in the field could be kept operational. It was also by 1944 that the Sherman's faults were becoming a more defining trait than its advantages, namely with the increased prevalence of German anti-tank weaponry and tanks, such as the [[Panther A|Panther]] tank. The German anti-tank abilities, ranging from rocket launchers, anti-tank guns, mines, and tank guns, all became more capable of penetrating the frontal armour or disabling the Sherman. This resulted in an increased Allied tank attrition rate of nearly double during the Normandy Campaign than that of the Allies' previous campaigns. Criticisms were raised on the Sherman's inability to destroy the heavier tanks with its [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]], the tendency of catching fire easily when a penetrating round hits an ammo stowage bin scattered in the Sherman interior, and the lack of mobility on the muddy terrain due to the track design. The first and second criticism was addressed with the [[M1 (76 mm)|high-velocity 76 mm gun]] and a "wet stowage" ammo containers, but mobility became a big issue especially once the Allied front in France reached the Siegfried Line on the border of Germany, where the ground became very muddy in the fall season. An attempt to fix this was improvising "extensions" on the tracks, but these were difficult to add and there were never enough to go around. The problem had to be addressed in the manufacturing plant and Ordnance Department set to work finding a better solution to fix the track flotation for better mobility.

The result was to be the basis of the next generation of Sherman models. Under the ''E8'' program, new suspension was trialed on the Sherman, one was the horizontal-volute suspension system (HVSS) taken from the ''[[T20]]'' program. The trials showed that the new suspension gave the Sherman a ground pressure that is even less than the heavier Panther, and this model was approved for production in March 1944, beginning in August 1944. Despite the time of production, the distance of the Atlantic Ocean between the American factories and Europe cause the delivery time of the first batch of the new models to be three months, meaning they would not see service until December 1944 the soonest. Nevertheless, the new Sherman, dubbed the '''M4A3 (76) W HVSS Sherman''' on papers and shortened as the '''M4A3E8''', was considered the best overall Sherman design with its new upgrades.

===Design===
Aside from the enlarged T23 turret, the Sherman interior layout was largely unchanged from the original design. The driver and bow gunner still sat in the front, the three-man turret crew in the center, and the engine compartment in the back. The exterior was changed with the new horizontal-volute suspension system (HVSS), which presented a different bogie system with larger road wheels that allow the usage of a wider track for better mobility cross-country. The new suspension system helped defeat the problems the Sherman's original tracks had with sinking in the mud from poor flotation and poor traction on slippery terrain. Another advantage the HVSS gave was the ability to change out individual road wheels on the bogie rather than replace the entire bogie, easing maintenance and repairs. The suspension was also reported to be a very smooth ride in comparison with the vertical-volute suspension system (VVSS), leading tankers to nickname the tank the ''"Easy Eight"'' from the tank's experimental designation ''M4A3E8'', with the E8 corresponding to the usage of the HVSS.

The M4A3(76)W HVSS ran on a gasoline Ford GAA V8 engine, which was the standard engine used in all M4A3 Sherman variants. The tank construction was welded and had a frontal armour plate sloping at a 47 degree angle. The (76) in the name indicated that the tank was armed with the more powerful 76 mm gun as a counter to the heavier German armour. The "W" designation on the Sherman indicated that the vehicle had the "wet stowage" feature in response to complaints that the Sherman can easily catch fire due to exploding ammunition. The "wet stowage" encased the ammo containers in a liquid mixture that would douse the flames when penetrated or block flaming shrapnels due to penetrating shots from hitting the ammunition. The containers also placed all the ammunition in the bottom center of the tank, reducing the likeliness of it being hit by a shell as the penetrating shell must go through every armour and obstacle to hit the tank center. This feature was only present after February 1944 and severely decreased the rate of Sherman fires. The "HVSS" indicated the usage of the horizontal-volute suspension system on the tank. The M4A3E8 started production in August 1944 and its production life ended around the end of World War II, probably September 1945. M4A3(76)W HVSS production consisted of 4,542 tanks out of the total 49,234 Shermans produced in its production life.

===Japanese Service===
In July 1st, 1954, Japan set up its post-war military force, the Japan Self-Defense Forces with the purpose of defending Japan should it come under conflict in the ongoing Cold War between America and the Soviet Union. To jump start the remilitarization, America gave the newly formed JSDF 254 M4A3E8 Shermans.<ref name="ShermanUseWorld1">Priory_of_Sion. "Sherman Use Around The World." The Sherman Tank Site. WordPress, 23 Nov. 2015. Web. 16 Dec. 2016. <http://www.theshermantank.com/tag/post-war/>.</ref>

The Shermans remained in use in the JSDF until the new, domestic tank design [[Type 61]] was made in large numbers during the 1960s.

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Fjh-tTr6TPs|'''Best Combo #2''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:30 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


=== References ===
<references />

{{Japan medium tanks}}

Ar 234 C-3

2020-08-31T15:19:32Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=arado-234c-3}}
{{About
|about=aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=the other version
|link=Ar 234 B-2
}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_Ar234C3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet bomber {{Battle-rating}}. This jet bomber was introduced in [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

The Ar 234 C-3 is all you need as a jet bomber. Acceleration is decent and maximum speed at 500 m is 850 km/h when stock. When upgraded, acceleration is great, energy retention is nice and can reach up to 900 km/h IAS at 1,000 m.

Climb rate is great even when stock. Combining the +3,500 m first spawn altitude and nice climb rate, the Arado Ar 234 C-3 is a great choice for bomber players. The dive speed is '''incredible''' and together with perfect energy retention, you can reach very high speeds in a matter of seconds. There is no WEP, however, but that's not very important.

'''How to land?'''

Landing is not hard, but a is little dangerous. You can land after a dive, as well as when slow. Landing at low speeds is really easy, but here are the steps when landing after a dive:

# Decrease throttle to 0%, go up at 90° and lose speed.
# After falling down, open combat flaps, then take-off flaps. Throttle must be about 30%.
# Open landing gear and landing flaps to lose more speed, landing with negative or 0 degrees is recommended (see the ''notes'' for why). Landing gear will extend really fast.
# You can land at about 300 km/h as well as lower speeds, so don't worry about it.
# Use brakes and the recoil of your two 20 mm cannons to complete your landing!

'''Some notes''':

* Do not power the engines off. You may need to throttle up and get more stability.
* Do not perform hard maneuvers; you're at high speed after a dive so the pilot can lose its control and may lead to a crash.
* Flaps are really important for landing, so if you don't have them or they're damaged, decrease speed as much as possible.
* The mono-landing gear under cockpit placement is strong enough to sustain hard landing.
* Why 0 or negative degree when landing? There's no landing gear at the back. So approaching at a positive degree may cause the tail to touch the ground and cause a lot of damage.
* Don't worry about the absence of air brakes, as your brakes work well. Do maneuvers at low engine power in order to lose speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 847 || 841 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 30.2 || 31.0 || 23.9 || 22.4 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| ??? || ??? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.?
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 550 || 550 || 350 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 500 || < 500 || < 650 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | BMW 003 || 4
| colspan="2" | 6,700 kg || colspan="3" | 369 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel
|-
| 814 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 7,720 kg || 8,340 kg || 9,115 kg || 9,890 kg || 11,100 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 801 kgf || N/A
| 0.42 || 0.38 || 0.35 || 0.32 || 0.29
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 801 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.42 || 0.38 || 0.35 || 0.32 || 0.29
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* No armour
* Fuel tanks in the fuselage

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon, chin-mounted (250 rpg = 500 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|SC250JA (250 kg)|SC500K (500 kg)|SC1000L2 (1,000 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* 3 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (750 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg SC500K bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 1000 kg SC1000L2 bomb (1,000 kg total)
* 1 x 1000 kg SC1000L2 bomb + 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (1,500 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==


The standard bombs on the Ar 234 C-3 are 3 x 250 kg bombs and 3 x 500 kg bombs. You will have access to them even if your Arado is stock. Additionally, this variant of the Arado possesses 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, so one of the best ways to use your Arado to ensure you can farm RP and SL for your modifications is:

1- Equip the 3 x 500 kg bombs and start the match at the air spawn point.

2- On maps such as Berlin, move to one of the enemy bases and drop your 3 x 500 kg bombs. 1.5 tonnes worth of bombs are enough to destroy a base, so from there you have two options to choose from:

'''2.1 - Go back to the airfield and get new bombs''' 
If you choose to go back to the airfield to get new bombs, be aware that unfortunately, the Arado does not have any air brakes, which is a problem as it has particularly good energy retention and some pilots may find it hard to safely land.

When landing the Arado, decrease speed by turning before you reach the airfield (aim to be at 400 km/h or less) then align with the landing strip, activate your flaps and proceed with the landing. If using the landing gear, ensure that you are at extremely low speed before landing or that the landing strip is long enough to stop on. The Arado has extremely good energy retention and is very heavy, so it does take a long time to stop. You can land without gear, which, while obviously dangerous, offers a much better chance to stop in time on shorter landing strips. To do this, land flat on the belly and avoid allowing the wings to touch the ground before you stop moving.

'''2.2 - Search for enemy targets''' 
Once you have dropped your bombs, you can turn your sights to enemy aircraft; the Arado C-3 is quite capable as a fighter, especially in comparison to other German BR 7.0 jets. It doesn't suffer from the same issues as the Me 262, which lacks in power and once it loses energy, often struggles to regain it, or the Ho 229, which can rip its wings very easily in high-G manoeuvres. With the Arado, you won't encounter these kinds of problems, providing you don't attempt to turn fight. The Arado C-3 has the best climb rate of any BR 7.0 German jet. It also possesses a roll rate to rival the Me 262, so with your 4 powerful engines, you have everything you need to take on other jets. As such, once you've finished your bombing run, turn and climb towards the battlefield, and try to maintain altitude above other jets. Once you're reasonably high, pick vulnerable targets and dive in for a pass, taking a shot at them and then moving away to retain your energy. Avoid exceeding 750 km/h when stock, as the dive can become increasingly hard to slow. Once all modifications have been researched, however, the aircraft provides a reasonable amount of additional leeway before it encounters issues. If everything falls apart and you find yourself with fighters on your tail, try to keep accelerating if possible and try to lure the enemies toward your own teammates so that they can assist you.

'''Baiting:'''

The Ar 234 C-3 is a great jet bomber. With its 3,500 m spawn altitude, nice acceleration, energy retention and dive speed, you can easily become bait and set up enemies to be downed by your allies. To do so, climb to 4,000 m, en route to the enemy location, drop your bombs to lighten your load. Once in the vicinity of the enemy start to dive on them. The goal is to keep the enemy aircraft busy chasing you, however, if you happen to get behind one, don't be shy about introducing them to your cannons.

You can use cockpit periscope to check the type of enemy planes from a very high distance.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair, Compressor
|
|
|-
| II
|
| Airframe
| ETC 1001 I
|-
| III
| Wing Repair, Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Cover
| New 20 mm Cannons
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Incredibly fast with good acceleration
* Stock payload is very versatile
* Can destroy up to 3 medium tank/4 armored vehicles / 1 Pillbox + a strategic base with 2 x 250kg and 1000kg
* Very good at destroying individual ground units in AB
* 2 x MG 151 20 mm cannons provide decent air to air performance with Air target belts as cannons take a while to jam and have a good rate of fire
* Very good climb rate
* Gear can handle speeds up to 400km/h
* Durable flaps that can be used at speeds lower than 550 km/h, even in the landing flap configuration
* Four engines provides the much-needed speed increase from the previous model
* Air spawn at 3,500 meters
* Very good energy retention
* Has periscope gunsight at top-right of the cockpit, aids in more effective targeting
* Periscope gunsight helps you identify enemy aircraft types sooner
* Small target compared to American (B-57s) and British (Canberra) competitors.

'''Cons:'''

* While stock, is hard to recover from dives in speeds beyond 750 km/h
* Pilot can be easily knocked out
* Can't carry many bombs, which means that you only can destroy 1 enemy base per bomb load
* Doesn't have air brakes, which when combined with the plane's very good energy retention can make landing potentially very dangerous
* No gunsight in the non-scoped cockpit, you have to rely on perception to aim
* Stock build aircraft handling feels heavy at high altitudes
* Worse turn rate than the previous model

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
"The Arado Ar 234 Blitz (Lightning) was the world's first operational jet bomber, built by Arado in Germany during WWII. It was used by the Luftwaffe for reconnaissance from November 1944 and as a fast bomber against Allied targets from December of that year. Despite the fact that late in the war the plane was used only sporadically due to a fuel shortage, it remained a very difficult target to intercept because of its high speed.

As a bomber, the Ar-234B-2 could carry a payload of up to 2,000 kg and could also be used for reconnaissance."

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|GnkZaXRnPPI|'''Arado 234 C-3: Bullying Fighters''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Arado}}
{{Germany jet aircrafts}}

Me 262 A-1a

2020-08-31T15:14:02Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=me-262a-1a}}
{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Me 262 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage Me262A1a.jpg ‎|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This jet fighter has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

[[File:Me262 intercepting B-29.png|thumbnail|left|The Schwalbe in its interceptor role. [http://live.warthunder.com/post/36378/ Historic camouflage] of the 2./KG51 'Edelweiß']]
This aircraft is a true heavy fighter in every way. Thus, the following is guaranteed: bomber "box formations" fall apart under your heavy rocket bombardments, flying fortresses perish within seconds by this machine's mighty claws, and the unusually low velocity of the German "sledgehammer" MK 108 cannons this aircraft wields will probably drive you insane.

The MK 108 has insane damage potential. With the second greatest in-game burst mass of 14.52 kg/s (32.01 lbs/s) and the great explosive warhead "Minengeschoss" (mine-shell), this weapon will vaporize aircraft, especially bombers. But every coin has a flip side and the "Sledgehammer" is no exception. The amazing rate of fire is exchanged with a very short barrel and small propellant charges, resulting in very bad ballistics. The MK 108 cannon fires the slowest shells with the greatest bullet drop in the game. Thus, the MK 108 makes no compromises, only excelling in the "extremes".

As you might guess, the MK 108 is a very bad anti-fighter weapon particularly in a jet to jet combat. Bullet drop and slow velocity result in a severe difficulty leading shots at ranges above 300 meters (350 yds). In dogfights where both aircraft are constantly turning and changing direction, this trait gets even worse. The high speeds of jet battle push the necessary lead for hitting the target farther in front of the enemy. Training with this weapon system in a custom battle against random enemies is heavily advised.

The MK 108 cannons have an ammo indicator in the cockpit, which is typical for Luftwaffe aircraft. It sits directly beneath the compass (the one with the little plane in the middle). The left white column is for the two top auto-cannons. The right one is for the bottom two cannons; this bar is also taller than the left one as the ammo count is different for the two pairs.

[[File:Cockpit_Me262.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Schwalbe's instrument panel.]]

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 824 || 798 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.0 || 30.0 || 16.0 || 15.0 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 909|| 865 || 27.7 || 28.0 || 24.5 || 20.0
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 580 || 580 || 380 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 500 || < 600 || < 680 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Junkers Jumo 004B-1 || 2
| colspan="3" | 4,280 kg || colspan="3" | 287 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 53m fuel
|-
| 720 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 4,894 kg || 5,041 kg || 5,409 kg || 5,961 kg || 6,255 kg || 6,520 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 53m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 910 kgf || N/A
| 0.37 || 0.36 || 0.34 || 0.30 || 0.29 || 0.28
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 910 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.37 || 0.36 || 0.34 || 0.30 || 0.29 || 0.28
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 15 mm Steel - Behind the pilot
* 15 mm Steel - Pilot's headrest
* 15 mm Steel - Between cockpit and fore fuel tank
* 15 mm Steel - Instrument panel plate
* 16 mm Steel x 2 - Ammunition protection plates
* 90 mm Bulletproof glass

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 30 mm MK 108 cannons (2 x 100 RPG top + 2 x 80 RPG bottom = 360 total)

All four cannons are arranged in bundles of two mounted on the underside of the upper mounted in the nose of the aircraft. Two are outfitted with 100 RPG, while the other two have 30 RPG.

=== Suspended armament ===


{{main|R4M}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can externally outfit:

* 24 x 55 mm R4M rockets
* 48 x 55 mm R4M rockets

== Usage in battles ==


As a heavy fighter, the 'Schwalbe' is not nimble, but neither are other first-generation jets. Compared to them, the Me 262 is actually quite agile and possesses a speed, roll, and damage output advantage against certain adversaries.

However, don't be fooled - this aircraft was the first operational jet fighter. Generally, anything 3 years older than the 262 outclasses it. Against them, the 262's turn rate is your only advantage, with the exclusion of the Gloster Meteor. Avoid combat with Meteors if possible, however, if engaged with a Sea Meteor or any later variant, do not attempt to dive as it will only make your situation worse. Try alternating barrel rolls to force them to overshoot. Joystick users can try the classic trick of banking the aircraft about 120-180 degrees out of phase of the enemy aircraft with a positive G-load but as usual, they will need to watch their altitude carefully.

The 'Schwalbe' climb rate is actually not too bad as stock in 6.0-7.0 games but to climb well you need to be around 450 to 500 km/h for best climb rate which can be visually unappealing due to its low angle of climb. This in itself can be used to out-run and climb simultaneously as an advantage.

The Schwalbe has three main possible usages:

*'''Air-supremacy-fighter''':

''Find and destroy other fighters''. While the historic purpose of the Me 262 was a bomber interceptor, it performs well against other fighters. However, it must be played like a heavy fighter or, for instance, the Fw 190 series. Be careful and plan every step ahead, including your retreat and how you will regain lost energy. A standard attack looks like the following:

# Find a target already engaged in combat and busy or an enemy who is alone.
# Position yourself with either a speed or energy advantage in the enemy's blind-spot (where they would least expect you, attacking with the sun behind you is a good tactic).
# Proceed closer to the enemy aircraft with the energy advantage you hold.
# Launch a deadly surprise attack.
# Escape any other nearby enemies with a "zoom climb" or a continuation of the approach at your maximum speed.
# Once enough separation has been gained (3-5 km), regain energy by accelerating or climbing. Likewise, engaging a different target who has lower energy is an option.

These tactics are virtually the same as used by the Fw 190 series and also works on all early jets ([[Meteor F Mk 3|Meteor F 3]], [[F-80A-5|P-80]], [[MiG-9]], [[F2H-2|F2H]], [[Kikka]], [[R2Y2 Kai V1|R2Y2]]), etc. 
Against later jets, ([[Sea Meteor F Mk 3|Sea Meteor]], [[La-15]], [[F9F-2|F9F]]), it gets trickier as they can easily neglect any energy advantage you built up due to their superior acceleration. The approach suggested above will still work, but needs to be executed with even more caution. Having allies nearby to assist is also often mandatory in matches like these, as a single 262 bears little threat to Korean War jets. 
Against these superior foes, one of the 262's lesser strengths can be used - the turn rate. For '''a few''' turns, the Schwalbe will easily outmanoeuvre most Korean War jets, apart from the naval carrier jets like the [[F9F-2|F9F Panther]] and [[Sea Meteor F Mk 3|Seameteor]]. 

* '''Bomber interceptor''':

History's call. Seek and annihilate any heavy bombers with the impressive armament the Me 262 brings to the battlefield. Avoid getting shot at though! The 262's engines are weak and like to burn. If the engines catch on fire, throttle down and then shut off the engine (default "i") and go into a dive to gain speed. Rockets are also fun in this mode, as the Schwalbe has the option to carry up to 48 55 mm R4M rockets. Don't forget to set a detonation timer for the R4M missiles so they do not require direct hits. 600-800 meters is suggested.

*'''Ground attacker''':

Bad acceleration and a high stall speed - usually not the traits wielded by an attacker, but the Schwalbe as two very convincing arguments on its side: R4M rockets and bad [[Matchmaker|matchmaking]]. The 24 (48 seconds unlock) rockets can destroy light pillboxes, medium tanks and mini bases (~50 rocket impacts). Peculiar to note is the ability of the MK 108 to destroy light pillboxes. 60-80 shots are needed from a very low angle and from a short distance. Also, the Me 262 can get dragged up to games where it will face Korean War jets. One could try, as an experienced pilot, to get the best out of the situation. Those who are not as skilled at ground attacking still benefit the team; if the match starts to take longer, a ground victory becomes a viable option. The same applies if the last enemy is hiding and the tickets start to count down.

Going against other countries would bring out their jets. Other countries' first-generation jets include the [[F-80A-5]], [[Meteor_F_Mk 3|Meteor Mk. 3]], [[Vampire_FB 5|Vampire]], [[MiG-9]], [[Kikka]] and [[Yak-15]]. The Me 262 is the heaviest of them and thus reigns straight line kinetic energy retention at high speeds.

* '''Top speed''' goes to the [[F-80C-10|F-80]], followed by the MiG-9 and Meteor F.4. Not all is grim though! Both the Vampire and Yak-15 sit far at the end of the spectrum.
* The [[Sea_Meteor_F_Mk 3|Sea Meteor]] has the best '''acceleration''' in the horizontal, although it will break apart before it can reach its top speed. In the vertical, however, the weight and design of the Me 262 allow for the most rapid dive in this time era.
* '''Turn rate''': '''''Do not turn in jets!''''', or heavy fighters like in this case. Pure horizontal manoeuvres are reserved for emergency situations and should be avoided accordingly.

As such, the Me 262 is often lacking in certain traits compared to its BR contemporaries. Always try to get a drop on the opponent and catch them by surprise rather than a straight-up dogfight.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
|
| R1 Modifications
|-
| II
| Compressor
| Airframe
| Offensive 30 mm
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
|
| R1/II Modifications
|-
| IV
| Engine
| Cover
| New 30 mm Cannons
|-
|}

The biggest issue of the Schwalbe is its bad acceleration across all speeds. Thus, ''Compressor'' and ''Engine'' upgrades have the highest priority. The cannons' stock belts are decent, but the high explosive content increases with the new ammo in ''Offensive 30 mm''. Including them into the upgrade route is not a bad idea. The same applies for the rockets in the ''R1 modification''. Being able to knock out bases (~40) or tanks (direct hit) with these warheads makes a long game much easier to win. ''New 30 mm cannons'' is an interesting upgrade choice as it increases accuracy above 300 meters (350 yds), but the MK 108 will still be unable to hit any at 500 meters (600 yds).

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* '''Heavy''' armament, third-highest one-second burst mass of any aircraft in the game
* Hard-Hitting shells destroy fighters in one or two hits and B-29s also only require about 3 hits
* Decent energy retention (compared to other 7.0 battle rated aircraft)
* Good payload against medium tanks, bases, and light pillboxes
* Good roll rate at low speeds
* Fairly manoeuvrable at low speeds compared to early jets

'''Cons:'''

* Rather slow compared to most other jets
* Bad acceleration and poor turn rate
* As with most Me 262's, the take-off run is relatively long
* Poor rate of climb (important if you want to intercept B-29s)
* Not very nimble at high speeds
* Awful guns for jet-to-jet combat ("snapshots" are possible, albeit very difficult)
* 30mm cannons have very small ammo count, requires trigger discipline
* Cannons have a wide spread
* Tends to "flip about" after doing a vertical manoeuvres
* Unusually high wing angle of attack is required for level flight at most speed ranges so aircraft tends to bleed energy easier when turning
* Fuel feed cuts off if flying with inverted G-loads for an extended period of time
* Very exposed engines that are very susceptible to damage

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
"The Messerschmitt Me 262 was a German jet fighter, fast bomber and reconnaissance aircraft of the WWII era. It was the world's first mass-produced jet fighter and the first jet aircraft to see combat. The first serial variant, the Me 262 A-1a, unofficially known as 'Schwalbe', arrived for flight testing in Lechfeld in July 1944. The construction used generic alloys, was almost fully riveted and its weight was rather high, all for the sake of ease of mass production. The Jumo 004B-1 jet engine (later B-2 and B-3) also housed a 2-stroke Riedel motorcycle engine, used as a starter. Two small 17-liter fuel tanks were used to power the starter. The rest of the fuel was housed in the fuselage. Two main and two extra fuel tanks were used. Main tanks held 900 liters of fuel, the nose tank had 170 liters and the rear tank held 600 liters.

Radio equipment included the FuG 16ZY radio (later replaced with the FuG 15) and the FuG 25a IFF set. The 262 was armed with four 30mm MK 108 cannon with 100 rounds per gun for the top pair and 80 rounds per gun for the bottom pair. The pilot was protected by a 90mm armored glass and 15mm armored plating on the sides and back.

The Me 262 A-1 was easier to fly than the Bf 109G. Considering the great range of available airspeeds, the cockpit equipment was rather sparse. Although the turn radius for the jet fighter was significantly wider than that of a piston fighter, it could better retain high speeds in a turn. Its acceleration was much worse than that of a piston plane, but the Me 262 had an incredible dive rate, which could occasionally threaten going past Mach 1."

== Media ==


;SKins

* [http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23me262 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the Me 262 series from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:FighterImage_Me262V1 frontal.jpg|thumbnail|none|First prototype was fitted with a Jumo 210 600 hp and a wooden propeller. This saved the test pilot on at least one occasion.]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:FighterImage_Me262v1 take off asymetrical.jpg|thumbnail|300px|Asymmetrical jet engine test prototype]]
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:FighterImage Me262A-1.jpg|thumbnail|300px|Me 262A "White 3" at the Dübendorf airfield in Switzerland]]
</li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|vLjomUR1uvY|BaronVonGamez Review|hgi1k_ljFYw|'''The Shooting Range #14''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 06:16 discusses the Me 262 and the Kikka.|0h_MPhebE_o|JonManProductions Guide|bxalaBFUfb8|'''The Shooting Range #174''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:45 discusses the Me 262 "Schwalbe".}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer BFW}}
{{Germany jet aircrafts}}

Pz.Sfl.Ic

2020-08-25T05:23:55Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code = germ_pzkpfw_II_ausf_H
|store = 4634
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]] as the ''Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. H'' (''Pz.II H'' for short) as part of the "Heavy Armor advanced pack". In [[Update_1.89_"Imperial_Navy"#Ground_vehicles_2|Update 1.89]], the vehicle was renamed to the current designation.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

Having 30 mm of frontal armour, this tank isn't made for the frontlines. The three crew members mean that 1-shot destruction is a common possibility. Worse still, this tank has no roof protection with the cloth covering being only cosmetic. Unfortunately, this also means that you are very vulnerable to aircraft attacks too. Your demure silhouette will let you easily hide in the small nooks and crannies of maps and lets you cover your entire tank with bushes for extra concealment.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 310|rbMinHp= 177|}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has a power-to-weight ratio of nearly 20 hp/ton which translates to a very mobile and nimble tank. The top speed of 56 km/h (RB) is good but still pales in comparison next to the 90 km/h of the Puma armored cars. However, its tracks handle much better at high speeds than the Puma's wheels, and it is able to make far tighter turns and faster stops. The maximum reverse speed is -10 km/h, which for a tank is decent and will let you easily get out of perilous situations where other tanks of the same rank struggle when retreating.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|PaK 38 (50 mm)}}

The PaK 38 is probably the best gun you can find at this battle rating range. The shells have decent penetration, good post pen damage and an incredible APCR round makes this tank able to punch way above its weight. Don't be afraid to take this tank into higher rank battles. Beware, though, it will struggle against the upper front plate of T-34s and Shermans, so remember their frontal weak spots. Not that you should be engaging those tanks frontally anyway. Always bring high explosive rounds, as the lack of any secondary armament makes lighter vehicles harder to fight effectively.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[PaK 38 (50 mm)|50 mm PaK 38]]
|-
! colspan="3" | Capacity
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
! Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 40 || -5°/+18° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! Mode
! Stock
! Upgraded
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Stock
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| PzGr 39 || APC || 95 || 92 || 76 || 61 || 49 || 39
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 126 || 119 || 83 || 53 || 34 || 21
|-
| PzGr 40/1 || APCR || 128 || 121 || 90 || 62 || 43 || 29
|-
| Sprgr. 38 || HE || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! rowspan="2" | Normalisation at 30° from horizontal
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| PzGr 39 || APC || 835 || 2.05 || 1.2 || 9.0 || 28.9 || +4.0° || 48° || ??° || 71°
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 1,130 || 0.9 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| PzGr 40/1 || APCR || 1,130 || 1.07 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| Sprgr. 38 || HE || 550 || 1.81 || 2.0 || 0.1 || 170 || +0.0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 27 ''(+13)'' || 14 ''(+26)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || Yes
|-
|}

==== [[Optics]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics
|-
!
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| X1.9 || X3.5
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | ____
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| PzGr 40/1
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Airstrike
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| PzGr 40
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Improved optics
|-
! colspan="6" |This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has a gun which will reliably penetrate pretty much any of its expected enemies
* Is very, very fast (Max speed off-road of around 56 km/h)
* Has a decent reload speed
* Has the scouting ability, can earn you some extra silver lions and valuable intel for your team
* Because of lack of armour, some shells will pass right through you
* Can change positions very quickly if needed
* Can get to the cap points and good positions early in the match

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour - trade-off of speed for less weight
* Open top, planes can destroy the vehicle with machine guns when strafing very easily
* No stabiliser, which means that the gun will take a moment to settle after stopping the tank
* Has very bad depression angles
* Can get slowed down in difficult terrain
* If your tracks or engine are knocked out, you are a basically a sitting duck

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
In July, 1940 Armament Command ordered two light tank prototypes with enhanced weaponry from the company MAN. Rheinmetall-Borsig built the cannons and the bulkheads comprising the body.

In January, 1942 four tanks were produced and immediately sent to the Eastern Front as part of the 1st and 3rd squads of the 559 Antitank Battalion.

An open-top rotating hexagonal turret with no rear wall was installed. Its primary weapon was a 50mm KwK 39.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|h8ItFYwulAs|'''The Shooting Range #15''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:43 discusses the Pz.Sfl.Ic.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany light tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

ZTZ96A

2020-08-25T05:22:21Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_ztz_96a}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

A much-improved tank over ZTZ96 makes it more competitive especially at higher tier battles. The ZTZ-96A features a strong turret that is impenetrable to many APFSDS rounds, added ERA on upper glacis that can resist hits (both kinetic and chemical-based hits) and much needed thermal sights.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|___ mm
|___ mm ''Top''
___ mm ''Bottom''
|45 mm (10°)
|20-30 mm
|-
|Turret
|___ - ___ mm ''Turret front''
___ mm ''Gun mantlet''
|___ - ___ mm
|5 mm
|20-30 mm
|-
|Cupola
|30 mm
|30 mm
|30 mm
|30 mm
|}
The design of the ZTZ96A's turret is a further drastic departure from previous the Chinese and Soviet dome turret design. It has an angular arrow shape design reminiscent of the German Leopard 2A5; however, the armour stops short at the coaxial gun port, providing a weak spot for the enemy to exploit. Shooting this area does not usually result in an instant knock-out as it will only disable the gun breech and take out the commander or gunner (depending on which side is shot). On the sides of the turret, a noticeable addition is a row of FY-4 ERA on the bustle rack. In the game, this additional armour doesn't yield much use as most of the time the shots are not from the sides of the turret but rather on the side of the hull where the carousel style autoloader is a well known weak spot that will result in instant ammo explosion.

As for the hull, the added FY-4 ERA on the upper glacis increases the survivability of the tank. Even a direct shot from most APFSDS can be resisted.

The {{PAGENAME}} has a much-improved armour layout over its predecessor due to strengthened armour in critical areas of the tank. Survivability is improved but the vehicle still suffers from the same weaknesses as its predecessor and similar Soviet tanks.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1,240|rbMinHp= 708}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 88C (125 mm)}}

The ZTZ96A makes up for its drawbacks in mobility with a superb gun. The 125 mm Type 88C smoothbore gun is capable of firing APFSDS, HE and HEAT-FS ammunition. For its battle rating, the 125-I shell performs very well, offering 466 mm of flat penetration at point-blank and dropping only to 434 mm at 2 kilometres. It's angled performance is exceptionally good at 269 mm at 60 degrees, outperforming even the best Soviet APFSDS round, 3BM42 whose angled penetration is only 248 mm. For reference, the 125-I performs comparably to Western long-rod sabot rounds such as DM33. The HEAT-FS round is nothing special with a standard 480 mm of penetration that is only really effective at destroying lightly armoured vehicles such as SPAA. The HE round is of the Soviet-style, packing a whopping 5.4 kg of TNT equivalent that can deal devastating damage against Western tanks' weak spots of the hull and turret roof and turret ring. It's recommended to entirely ditch the HEAT-FS for HE as it arguably performs better in the anti-tank role, ironically.

Although the ZTZ96A uses a similar autoloader system to the T-72, its reload time of 7.5 seconds is slightly longer than the T-72's 7.1 seconds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 88C (125 mm)|125 mm Type 88C]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+12° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 466 || 464 || 458 || 450 || 442 || 434
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 905 || 18.0 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 2,190 || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 850 || 23.0 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 5,460 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 1,730 || 4.02 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|QJC88A (12.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QJC88A (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJC88A]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle - Commander cupola || 500 (150) || 700 || -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}

{{main|Type 86 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 86 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 86]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,500 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The ZTZ96A has a different playstyle than most MBTs do. Instead of being a king of mobility, this tank trades speed for improved armour protection. The tank's mobility is improved from that of the [[ZTZ96]], but it is still below average for this battle rating. It can keep up with some IFVs, but against MBTs, this tank can't match their speed and acceleration. It also has a poor reverse speed, which can make getting out of sticky situations difficult. This lack of mobility means that the ZTZ96A can't rush objectives or favourable locations at the beginning of battle like faster vehicles can. Additionally, it takes longer to relocate around the map to deal with enemies or to attack and defend capture zones. Flanking manoeuvres are also difficult. However, the ZTZ96A's below-average speed doesn't hinder its abilities to brawl in close quarters situations or to snipe from afar.

Both of these playstyles benefit from the tank's strong armour protection, which features ERA on the front of the hull and turret. The turret cheeks and upper glacis are especially well-defended--even a direct APFSDS shell can't always penetrate. In general, the tank is hard to damage from the front. This does not mean that it has no weakpoints, though: the gun breech is exposed and unprotected, and a shot there can do great damage inside the turret compartment. In addition, the vehicle sports an ammunition carousel in the bottom of the hull; a side shot here will very often detonate the ammo storage, causing immediate destruction of the tank. And finally, the ZTZ96A only has three crew members, so long-term endurance is lacking. Even one crew member being knocked out makes taking any more damage much riskier.

The ZTZ96A also makes up for its mobility drawbacks with its powerful cannon. Its APFSDS shell has high penetration against both flat and angled armour, and can perform even at long ranges. The gun also makes use of a very powerful HE shell which can deal devastating damage if fired at the roofs of enemy tanks. This gun is reloaded by an autoloading system, which can get a new shell in the breech every 7.5 seconds. The reload speed is worse than that of many MBTs, and skilled players will be able to take advantage of this to destroy the ZTZ96A. It is important to try to destroy the enemy in one shot, or else there may not be enough time to try again. And, the slow reload means that dealing with multiple enemies in quick succession is more difficult than normal. Be careful about the gun's poor turret elevation speed. It can take longer than expected to get sights on a target. The ZTZ96A is equipped with thermal sights which help visibility in night battles.

This vehicle is armed with a roof machine gun for use against aircraft and lightly-armoured ground targets.

This tank is a good sniper thanks to its strong frontal armour and powerful gun. When sniping, poor mobility is not an issue and the long reload rate doesn't overly hurt the ZTZ96A's performance. If firing from behind ridgelines, remember that the gun depression is below average, at only -6 degrees.

The ZTZ96A is also effective in close-quarters brawls, where its armour provides a great advantage against the enemy.

===Assault mode===
For players grinding the APFSDS in assault mode, it is recommended to bring full ammo, with around half HEAT and half HE. As the countdown goes at the start of the match, quickly find a spot where you will not get shot from every direction and stay there until you run out of ammo or get destroyed. The HEAT is great at one-shotting weakly armored (relatively) cold war tanks, while the HE is capable of destroying those heavily protected top tier MBT. Given that you do not have APFSDS therefore lacking the ability to knock out some AI frontally, you will have to rely on assists to get scores. Firing HEAT / HE at tracks, roof mounted MG, turret ring, cannon barrel, etc can at least immobile / disarm the AI, granting you an assist. The 7.5 second reload will be quite slow when facing a huge wave of AI so you must aim each shot carefully, but other times it is generally fast enough. The ZTZ96's armor can take quite some beating but is also prone to ammo rack explosion, or penetrating shots from the lower front plate and gun mantlet.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* Leopard 2 A5: this is the most protected Leopard you will see in assault, usually in Mozdok and Fulda. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HE and aim for its turret ring where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to destroy it instantly. When facing its side, load HEAT and aim for its central hull. Don't expect to block any of its shells as its APFSDS can easily go through the ZTZ96's frontal armor, or the AI can just target your weakspots.
* M1A2: you will see it mostly in Fulda and Ardennes. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HEAT and aim for its turret ring where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to destroy it instantly. HE might not work here since it cannot effectively hurt the turret crew. But HE works great when aiming at the M1's turret roof. Items like the MG and the optics will all detonate the HE, causing the downward shrapnel to knock out all the crew. When facing its side, load HEAT and aim for its central hull.
* Challenger 2F: you will see it mostly in Sands of Sinai. It is one of the toughest AI to destroy, especially when there are waves of them. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HE and aim for the hull side above the tracks where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to detonate random ammo inside. When facing its side, still load HE and aim for its central hull for an ammo detonation. The Challnger 2F's sides are covered with ERA blocks thus HEAT will get absorbed.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! colspan="2" | Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
|
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| NVD
| Adjustment of Fire
| Laser rangefinder
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Smoke grenade
| Elevation Mechanism
| 125-I
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| ESS
|
| Artillery Support
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Same powerful gun with access to high-penetrating APFSDS as ZTZ96
* Autoloader reloads the cannon even when putting out fires or replacing crew members
* HE shell is currently the most powerful available to any high-rank MBT, can cripple or outright destroy enemies with a good shot
* Low profile
* Strong turret cheeks armour
* Strong upper glacis armour
* Combinations of strong armour and very fast and high penetrating APFSDS makes it a good sniper
* Roof-mounted heavy machine gun is useful against aircraft and light targets
* Relatively-faster turret rotation speed, compared to contemporary Soviet tanks
* Thermal Sights
* Improved mobility over predecessor ZTZ-96

'''Cons:'''

* Mobility is below average at its rank
* Autoloader carousel is a giant ammo rack
* Poor reverse speed
* Below average gun depression (-6°)
* Only 3 crew members
* No ATGM capability, unlike the T-64B and T-72B
* Relatively slow reload compared to other MBT
* ERA and thickened armor is a great improvement over the previous model, but some shells are still able to penetrate
* Lower plate is very weak, with penetrating shells killing crew or exploding ammo

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6630-development-ztz96a-can-take-a-punch-en|[Devblog] ZTZ96A: Can take a punch!]]

{{China medium tanks}}

ZTZ96

2020-08-25T05:19:45Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_ztz_96}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (sometimes referred to as '''Type 96''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

The first Chinese MBT in the game not directly based on or modified from a foreign design, the ZTZ96 has a more distinctive appearance and introduces several features not seen in previous Chinese medium tanks. The general layout is reminiscent of the [[T-72A|Soviet T-72]], but upon inspection, major differences are apparent in the design of the turret and hull. Most obviously, the welded turret is quite flat and angular compared to the dome shape traditionally favoured by the Soviet Union and China. The hull is also a departure from the traditional T-54 chassis, featuring smaller and more numerous roadwheels, a more steeply sloped upper glacis, a more prominent lower glacis, and larger overall dimensions. Composite armour is present in the turret cheeks and on the upper glacis.

Like the T-72, the ZTZ96 features a 125 mm smoothbore cannon with an autoloader. Its shell selection is somewhat limited but the APFSDS and HE shells are excellent and can handle most ground targets. The protection and mobility are average at best, but those familiar with previous Chinese tanks will be used to these faults. ZTZ96 users can enjoy the great firepower and look forward to the succeeding [[ZTZ96A]], a modernized and much improved variant.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The ZTZ96's armour is a significant improvement over previous Chinese tanks like the [[CM11]] and [[ZTZ59D1]] but is not very competitive for its rank. It has a significant amount of chemical protection in the cheeks and upper glacis (580-600 mm). After the reduction of 120 mm HEAT-FS penetration in 1.93, this amount is generally sufficient for resisting HEAT-FS rounds from enemy MBTs but remains vulnerable to certain ATGMs. Kinetic protection is less adequate, ranging from 350-380 mm. This is marginal against early APFSDS rounds, but most enemies at its rank can punch through it with their top rounds, not even mentioning the rounds of the Rank VII MBTs that the ZTZ96 will commonly face in battle.

As with other modern MBTs, the gun mantlet is highly susceptible to incoming fire, which can knock out the breech or hurt the crew. The lower glacis is also a weak point and should be hidden from enemy view when possible. However, due to the design of the upper glacis (which more closely resembles the T-54), there is no driver's viewport weakspot that plagues the contemporary T-64/72/80 tanks.

The survivability leaves much to be desired. The autoloader uses a layout similar to the [[T-72A]]; a penetrating shot to the lower glacis or hull side has a high likelihood of detonating the ammunition and instantly destroying the tank. Granted, this is slightly less likely to happen than in the T-64/80 since the propellant charges are stacked horizontally instead of vertically. In addition, with 3 only crew members, it is easier to knock out the tank with a good shot, particularly since the driver and gunner are lined up when the turret is facing forwards.

While hull penetrations tend to be fatal, this is not necessarily the case for turret penetrations. It is possible to empty the turret of spare ammunition by taking fewer rounds (22 + 1 for a full autoloader carousel and one in the gun). If an enemy shoots a turret cheek, usually only one crew member will perish, giving the player time to retreat if the gunner is lost or retaliate if only the commander is lost. The autoloader will ensure that the gun is loaded during this time.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1131|rbMinHp= 646}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is generally unimpressive, though still an improvement over preceding Chinese MBTs. It has 17.8 hp/ton when fully upgraded, which is about the same as the [[T-64B]] and less than the [[Challenger Mk.2]]; these two tanks are already considered quite immobile for their rank. The reverse speed of -7 km/h is painful but better than the agonizing 4 km/h of the Soviet T-64/72. Do not count on being able to retreat from danger rapidly. In general the {{PAGENAME}} will be among the last to arrive on the battlefield in top rank battles, and one should plan accordingly. However, the tank is still quite manoeuvrable and agile in its hull traverse, allowing it to weave through dense forests and urban areas with relative ease and react quickly to threats.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 88C (125 mm)}}

The ZTZ96 makes up for its drawbacks in protection and mobility with a superb gun. The 125 mm Type 88C smoothbore gun is capable of firing APFSDS, HE and HEAT-FS ammunition. For its battle rating of 9.7, the 125-I shell performs very well, offering 466 mm of flat penetration at point blank and dropping only to 434 mm at 2 kilometres. It's angled performance is exceptionally good at 269 mm at 60 degrees, outperforming even the best Soviet APFSDS round, 3BM42 whose angled penetration is only 248 mm. For reference, the 125-I performs comparably to Western long-rod sabot rounds such as DM33. The HEAT-FS round is nothing special with a standard 480 mm of penetration that is only really effective at destroying lightly armoured vehicles such as SPAA. The HE round is of the Soviet-style, packing a whopping 5.4 kg of TNT equivalent that can deal devastating damage against Western tanks' weakspots of the hull and turret roof and turret ring. It's recommended to entirely ditch the HEAT-FS for HE as it arguably performs better in the anti-tank role, ironically.

Although the ZTZ96 uses a similar autoloader system to the T-72, its reload time of 7.5 seconds is slightly longer than the T-72's 7.1 seconds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Type 88C (125 mm)|125 mm Type 88C]]
|-
! colspan="3" | Capacity
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
! Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 40 || -6°/+14° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! Mode
! Stock
! Upgraded
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
| ''Realistic'' || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|
|-
! Stock
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 7.5 || 7.5 || 7.5 || 7.5
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 466 || 464 || 458 || 450 || 442 || 434
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 905 || 18.0 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 2,190 || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 850 || 23.0 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 5,460 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 1,730 || 4.02 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ?? ''(+??)'' || ??
|-
|}

==== [[Optics]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics
|-
!
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| X7.2 || X8.0
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | ???
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|QJC88A (12.7 mm)|Type 86 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[QJC88A (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJC88A]]
|-
! colspan="4" | ''Commander cupola mount''
|-
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Fire rate (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| 500 (150) || 700 || -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Type 86 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 86]]
|-
! colspan="4" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Fire rate (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| 2,500 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


Like preceding Chinese MBTs, the ZTZ96 is not suited for rapid assaults due to its substandard mobility and should be played conservatively. Let speedier teammates charge first into combat while you cover them and move to good overwatch positions. Situational awareness is key since faster opponents may arrive earlier and the tank lacks thermal sights. The gun handling is a bit better than contemporary Soviet MBTs but it still has a slow vertical traverse speed.

Before the APFSDS is unlocked, the only options are the stock HEAT-FS and HE. Neither of these ammo types are particularly good for sniping due to their muzzle velocities, so it is best to stay at close to medium range. The HEAT-FS will struggle against enemies with decent composite armor (of which there are many) and in frontal engagements should be fired at weak spots like gun mantlets and turret rings. The HE has a slower muzzle velocity but can potentially be much deadlier; lightly armored vehicles like IFVs, SPAAs, and certain MBTs (e.g. [[Leopard A1A1]]) will often hull-break or explode if hit anywhere. Even the most heavily armored opponents like the mighty [[M1A2 Abrams]] and [[Leopard 2A5]] can be instantly knocked out by hits to the gun optics or roof mounted machine guns. If this isn't possible, hits to other sensitive areas like the turret ring and tracks can still cause major damage to various crew members and modules, priming the victim for a finishing blow.

Once the APFSDS is unlocked, it should be effective against the majority of the tanks seen at the ZTZ96's rank and is well suited for the ZTZ96's recommended laid-back playstyle. It is still a good idea to take some HE shells due to their utility and instant-knockout capability.

===Assault mode===

For players grinding the APFSDS in assault mode, it is recommended to bring full ammo, with around half HEAT and half HE. As the countdown goes at the start of the match, quickly find a spot where you will not get shot from every direction and stay there until you run out of ammo or die. The HEAT is great at one-shotting weakly armored (relatively) cold war tanks, while the HE is capable of killing those heavily protected top tier MBT. Given that you do not have APFSDS therefore lacking the ability to knock out some AI frontally, you will have to rely on assists to get scores. Firing HEAT / HE at tracks, roof mounted MG, turret ring, cannon barrel, etc can at least immobile / disarm the AI, granting you an assist. The 7.5 second reload will be quite slow when facing a huge wave of AI so you must aim each shot carefully, but other times it is generally fast enough. The ZTZ96's armor can take quite some beating but is also prone to ammo rack explosion, or penetrating shots from the lower front plate and gun mantlet.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* Leopard 2 A5: this is the most protected Leopard you will see in assault, usually in Mozdok and Fulda. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HE and aim for its turret ring where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to destroy it instantly. When facing its side, load HEAT and aim for its central hull. Don't expect to block any of its shells as its APFSDS can easily go through the ZTZ96's frontal armor, or the AI can just target your weakspots.
* M1A2: you will see it mostly in Fulda and Ardennes. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HEAT and aim for its turret ring where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to destroy it instantly. HE might not work here since it cannot effectively hurt the turret crew. But HE works great when aiming at the M1's turret roof. Items like the MG and the optics will all detonate the HE, causing the downward shrapnel to kill all the crew. When facing its side, load HEAT and aim for its central hull.
* Challenger 2F: you will see it mostly in Sands of Sinai. It is one of the toughest AI to destroy, especially when there are waves of them. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HE and aim for the hull side above the tracks where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to detonate random ammo inside. When facing its side, still load HE and aim for its central hull for an ammo detonation. The Challnger 2F's sides are covered with ERA blocks thus HEAT will get absorbed.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! colspan="2" | Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
|
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| NVD
| Adjustment of Fire
| Laser rangefinder
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Smoke grenade
| Elevation Mechanism
| 125-I
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| ESS
|
| Artillery Support
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful gun with access to high-penetrating APFSDS
* Autoloader reloads the cannon even when putting out fires or replacing crew members
* HE shell is currently the most powerful available to any high-rank MBT, can cripple or outright destroy enemies with a good shot
* Low profile
* First Chinese tank equipped with composite armour, quite resistant to chemical munitions
* Roof mounted heavy machine gun is useful against aircraft and light targets
* Relatively-faster turret rotation speed, compared to contemporary Soviet tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Mobility is below average at its rank
* Composite armour's kinetic protection leaves some to be desired
* Sub-par armor compared to other tanks
* Autoloader carousel is a giant ammo rack
* No thermal sights, a disadvantage against other thermal-equipping tanks
* Poor reverse speed
* Below average gun depression (-6°)
* Only 3 crew members makes it easily destroyed
* No ATGM capability, unlike the T-64B and T-72B

== History ==


The People's Liberation Army relied on the [[Type 59]] as its primary main battle tank for most of the Cold War. While cheap, reliable, and quite upgradeable, its design began to shows its age over the decades. The [[Type 69]] series differed little from the Type 59 in terms of appearance and was not used in quantity by the PLA. After relations with the Western world improved at the start of the 1980s, foreign technology was purchased and used to [[ZTZ59D1|upgrade the PLA's stock of existing tanks]]. However, there was only so much that could be done to bring the Type 59 up to a competitive level and more efforts were devoted to domestic tank development.

The new Type 80/88 tank retained the general appearance of the Type 59, but its chassis was heavily redesigned, featuring a new suspension, a licensed German engine, and other changes. The turret retained the cast dome design but a 105mm gun was installed.

As with other PRC tank models, development continued for a long time and a large number of variants were made. The Type 85 branch featured welded turrets; the initial Type 85-1 "Storm" was intended for export and was otherwise similar to the original series, but no orders were placed from the PLA or export customers. A more radical development was the Type 85-IIM, which featured a welded turret equipped with an autoloading 125mm gun derived from the T-72. It also featured composite armour. This variant was exported to Pakistan under the designation of Type 85-IIAP.

The Type 85-IIM was later procured for domestic use, with some changes, as the Type 88C or '''Type 96''', spurred by the poor performance of the Iraqi Army's Type 79 tanks (which featured comparable protection to the 80/88) in the Gulf War. As can be expected, this was further developed into the [[ZTZ96A|Type 96A]] and 96B variants. The 96A introduced applique "arrowhead" armour on the front turret face with provisions for ERA, improving protection significantly, and the electronics were improved to a standard approaching the top-line Type 99 tank, including a gunner's thermal sight and FCS upgrades. The 96A has participated in Tank Biathlons, where it scored well in gunnery but was let down by its underpowered engine. The ultimate 96B variant appeared in 2016 and features comprehensive all-round upgrades with a much more powerful 1130 hp engine. Finally, an export variant called the VT-2 has been showcased by Norinco, generally similar to the Type 96A.

At present the Type 96 series can be considered the backbone of the PLA's tank forces, featuring good protection and firepower with a relatively low weight and cost, comparable in role to the Russian T-90. Elite units are issued the more advanced and heavier Type 99, but cost and terrain reasons have limited its deployment. Outside of China, the Type 96 has been exported to Sudan; reportedly these tanks have destroyed several South Sudanese T-72s in combat.

===[[wt:en/news/6445-development-ztz96-top-tier-chinese-en|Devblog]]===
Work on the ZTZ96 began in the early 1990s, as new Chinese MBT with larger 125mm smoothbore cannon supported by an autoloading mechanism and new composite armour protection. The first prototype was built in May 1991 and underwent successful testing until January of the following year. Having received the official designation ZTZ85-IIAP, production of the vehicle commenced, with the Pakistani army receiving its first units shortly afterwards.

Several years later, the decision was made to adopt the ZTZ85-IIAP for domestic use as a stopgap measure to equip the PLA with a capable combat vehicle. In 1996, the vehicles destined for PLA use were formally redesignated into ZTZ96 and production of the type began in 1998.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|AKxlwtWIlSI|'''The Shooting Range #173''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the ZTZ96.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6445-development-ztz96-top-tier-chinese-en|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> ZTZ96: Top-Tier Chinese]]

{{China medium tanks}}

L3/33 CC

2020-08-25T05:18:44Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=it_l3_cc}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_L3_33_CC.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened to ''{{Specs|pseudonym}}'') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

The L3/33 CC is an Italian tank that is the War Thunder equivalent of a shoe-box on tracks (with a gun, of course). This vehicle has very little armour, which allows for it to quickly and deftly maneuver across the battlefield, scouting for pockets to position the vehicle in for tactical advantages against the slower and heavier enemy vehicles it faces.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 8 mm (79°) ''Front glacis'' 14 mm (0°) ''Lower glacis'' || 14 mm || 8 mm (0-32°) || 8 mm 5 mm ''Hatches''
|-
| Superstructure || 14 mm (13-64°) 14 mm (0-62°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 14 mm (0-15°) || 14 mm (0-17°) || 8 mm 5 mm ''Hatches''
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=61|rbMinHp=38}}

The L3/33 CC is very mobile both on and offroad. Thanks to its light weight, it accelerates quickly and can cruise at 40 / 25 km/h (AB/RB) in seconds. It does not lose much speed when turning but tends to oversteer when turning while driving over 40 km/h (in AB). With only -6 km/h in reverse (AB & RB), turning around and driving away is easier to retreat form unwanted situations.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39 (20 mm)}}

Wielding an anti-tank rifle with a 10 round magazine capable of launching a small APHE every second, the L3/33, in the hands of a competent commander, is able to deal with multiple lightly-armoured vehicles in quick succession. The only thing holding this quick-firing gun back is a lack of effective penetration to deal with all tanks at its battle rating, requiring the commander of this vehicle to be up close and personal and/or flank in order to deal with well-armoured targets ([[M3 Stuart]], [[Pz.38(t) F]], [[T-70]]). Certain heavy targets ([[B1 bis]]) should be avoided altogether.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39 (20 mm)|20 mm Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 110 (10) || rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | ±15° || rowspan="2" | ±10° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 17.6 || 24.4 || 29.6 || 32.7 || 34.8 || rowspan="2" | 7.8 || rowspan="2" | 6.9 || rowspan="2" | 6.4 || rowspan="2" | 6.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || APHE || 40 || 38 || 29 || 20 || 14 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || APHE || 832 || 0.14 || 1.2 || 9 || 1.7 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''11''' || 10 ''(+1)'' || 9 ''(+2)'' || 8 ''(+3)'' || 7 ''(+4)'' || 6 ''(+5)'' || 5 ''(+6)'' || 4 ''(+7)'' || 3 ''(+8)'' || 2 ''(+9)'' || 1 ''(+10)'' || 0 ''(+11)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_L3_33_CC.png|right|x250px|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

== Usage in battles ==

The L3/33 CC is best used in ambushes, as this tactic allows it to strike from a close distance; a hill can provide a nice spot for this, as the L3 has 15 degrees of gun depression and can get to cover by simply reversing if it is spotted in time. It is also useful as a flanker due to its small size (hard to spot) and high mobility.

When playing the L3/33, incoming fire should be avoided at all costs. Due to the cramped layout of internal modules and crew of 2, any penetrating shell is enough to destroy the vehicle. In addition, the armour is so weak that it cannot even protect against .50 calibre machine gunplay carefully.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[B1 bis|B1]]:

The B1 is covered by thick armour of at least 50 mm in all directions, even the turret ring and the copula are 40 mm which all exceed the maximum penetration of the L3 (38 mm). Do anything to avoid fighting this tank, leave it to your teammates by pinning its position on the map. But if unfortunately, you have to confront it, you must avoid its guns. Don't think you are small enough to slide beneath its guns, as it's hull-mounted 75 mm cannon has a whopping -20° depression, and the 47 mm in the turret has -18°, meaning that even if you are squeezing right between its tracks, it can still hit your fragile roof armour and eliminate a crew member with shrapnel. The only real damage you can do to it is to repeatedly shoot at its tracks to immobilize it.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extremely tiny profile is sometimes a big advantage
* It utilizes small amounts of cover/bushes effectively
* Can easily sneak into lots of unexpected positions and set up for an ambush, advance or retreat
* Low silhouette can be fully covered behind a single one big bush decoration. It can even be covered with normal grass
* Amazing gun depression of -15° makes it a great mountain combat tank; combined with its tiny profile it can poke out only its gun to shoot from behind cover
* Quick firing cannon with an autoloading magazine can pinpoint enemy crew, especially with the spread-out ones like the LVT(A)
* Short stock grind, the best (and only) shell comes stock
* It has one of the most amazing characteristics that no other tank has, cuteness :3

'''Cons:'''

* 20 mm penetration isn't great and drops dramatically over range, over 400 m away it can effectively penetrate nothing except soft targets like T-26, GAZ trucks or Flakpanzers.
* Thin armour with only two crew cramped together makes it very vulnerable
* Vulnerable to .50 calibre fire, one bullet to the crew can eliminate the tank
* Low cannon calibre of 20 mm makes it difficult to destroy obstacles like walls

== History ==

The '''Carro Veloce L3/33''', also known as the '''CV-33''' was a [[wikipedia:Tankette|tankette]] produced by Carro Veloce for the Regio Esercito beginning in 1933. The design was an adaptation of the British [[wikipedia:Carden_Loyd_tankette|Carden Loyd tankette]], which had seen wide success on the international export market and became the basis for a number of similar tankette designs throughout the 1930's. Because Italy lacked the industrial base to produce large numbers of more complex and advanced tank designs, the L3/33 and later [[wikipedia:L3/35|L3/35 tankette]] formed the backbone of the Italian armoured corps and became the most widely produced Italian armoured fighting vehicles of the war, seeing service from the Italian invasion of Ethiopia to the very end of WW2. Several variants were produced, including a flamethrower variant (the L3/33 FL, standing for "Lanciaflamme"), a bridge carrier variant and a command radio variant.

As the war progressed, and the Italians faced the Allies in France and North Africa with their more heavily armed and armoured tanks and long-range anti-tank guns, the deficiencies of the L3/33 and 35 became apparent. Although fast and possessing a low profile, it was too thinly armoured, capable of only withstanding infantry rifle calibre munitions. In addition, its standard armament of a 6.5mm machine gun proved inadequate for long-range combat or engaging other armoured vehicles. While the Regio Esercito began slowly upgrading its armoured units to more modern standards, stopgap solutions to make up for the difference were considered and adopted. One of these was to mount a [[Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39 (20 mm)]] in a small number of L3/33's and 35's, replacing the 6.5mm machine gun and creating an ad-hoc tank destroyer platform. These were designated as the '''L3/33 CC''', which stood for "contocarro" ("anti-tank"). Arriving too late to see action in Libya before the Axis retreat, they saw only limited action in Tunisia. Gradually, the L3/33 and L3/35 would be withdrawn from front line service, serving largely in behind-the-line roles such as artillery towing vehicles and police vehicles in Axis-occupied territories. After the Axis's fell, many tanks were captured and either destroyed or repurposed. The last recorded use of an L3/33 in service was during the Iraqi war, where the US captured the tank.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=it_l3_cc Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|VFEv4q3G5Us|'''Most unusual vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:56 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[AMR.35 ZT3]]
* [[ASU-57]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:L3/33|[Wikipedia] L3/33]]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}

ASU-57

2020-08-25T05:18:01Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_asu_57}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]]. It was designed as an airborne self-propelled gun to provide fire support and anti-tank capability for the VDV (''Vozdushno-Desantnye Voyska''), the Soviet airborne forces.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

Due to the weight restrictions necessary for air portability, the ASU-57 has nearly no armour to speak of, and the side armour can be penetrated by even rifle-calibre machine guns. It has no armoured roof, and is thus extremely vulnerable to strafing runs by aircraft.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof !! Belly
|-
| Body || 6 mm (21-65°) ''Front Plate'' 6 mm (38°) ''Lower glacis'' || 4 mm || 6 mm (9°) || 5 mm || 6 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick, tracks are 15 mm thick

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=78|rbMinHp=49}}

While the ASU-57 has a top speed below 50 km/h, it has an excellent power/weight ratio that allows the vehicle to accelerate very quickly to reach its top speed. It is thus very mobile and turns very quickly. However, it has a poor reverse speed of only 5 km/h, which makes it hard to back up into cover or away from a threat.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Ch-51M (57 mm)}}

The ASU-57 is armed with the '''57 mm Ch-51M''', a derivative of the 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun encountered previously on the [[ZiS-30]]. The mounting has a very limited amount of gun depression and traverse due to the small size of the ASU-57. The gun itself has a fairly fast reload, which is a good thing since it is not uncommon for the first penetrating hit to not completely destroy the target.

The gun starts off with the '''BR-271SP''' APBC shot. This round has no explosive filler, but has a respectable amount of penetration and surprisingly decent post-penetration damage due to spalling. The '''BR-271M''' APCBC shell does have an explosive filler, but at the cost of lower penetration than the stock APBC round. The '''BR-271N''' APCR shot has the best penetration, but also does a pitiful amount of damage upon penetration and also performs very poorly against sloped armour.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ch-51M (57 mm)|57 mm Ch-51M]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+12° || rowspan="2" | ±8° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 10.57 || 14.63 || 17.76 || 19.64 || 20.89 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.14 || 8.40 || 10.20 || 11.28 || 12.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| BR-271SP || APBC || 162 || 158 || 144 || 129 || 115 || 103
|-
| BR-271M || APCBC || 146 || 142 || 127 || 110 || 96 || 83
|-
| O-271 || HE || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5
|-
| BR-271N || APCR || 159 || 155 || 140 || 123 || 108 || 94
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| BR-271SP || APBC || 1,020 || 3.43 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-271M || APCBC || 975 || 2.80 || 1.2 || 9.0 || 20.02 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| O-271 || HE || 695 || 3.72 || 0.4 || 0.01 || 220 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| BR-271N || APCR || 1,125 || 2.40 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''30''' || 25 ''(+5)'' || 19 ''(+11)'' || 1 ''(+29)'' || No
|-
|}

Right side empty: 19 ''(+11)''

== Usage in battles ==


One of the smallest tracked vehicles in the game, weighing only 3.3 tons, the ASU-57's complete lack of armour makes it extremely vulnerable. Its only defense is its small size, making it extremely difficult to notice, let alone hit. It accelerates quickly and is very nimble for a turretless tank destroyer.

The ASU-57 is very difficult but can be very rewarding and fun to play. It is not recommended for arcade battles, as its primary advantage, stealth, is lost. The ASU-57 is a master of stealth, famed and beloved by the community for its ability to sneak up on tanks using its extremely small size. When using the ASU-57, objects that other tanks would ignore or simply drive over are capable of completely hiding the vehicle, making ambushes and surprise attacks the specialty of the ASU-57. This size comes at a cost, however, as the ASU-57 is extremely vulnerable to almost anything that can shoot at it. Aircraft are especially dangerous due to the open crew compartment.

The ASU-57 is best used as an ambusher/flanker, executing surprise attacks from unexpected locations other vehicles would struggle or be unable to reach. The ASU-57 is incredibly short, and by driving up next to an enemy it can render the enemy tank completely helpless, as almost no vehicle has enough gun depression to reach it. For this reason, it is recommended to only go after isolated vehicles, as an enemy teammate will be able to assist their ally by destroying the ASU-57. For the maximum efficiency of this tactic, knock out the driver of the enemy vehicle, then rush up to their side before they can bring their gun to bear.

It is also interesting to note that the ASU-57 is the lowest ranked vehicle in the game with access to night vision devices.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Airstrike
| BR-271M
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Improved optics
| BR-271N
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Tiny size; difficult to spot and hit
* Smallest of bushes are able to hide the tank
* Armour is too thin to trigger APHE fuses
* Excellent mobility
* Most powerful 57 mm gun in the game
* Lowest ranked vehicle that has access to NVDs
* Given all the abilities of a light tank (scouting, help repair)
* Very short; so most tanks can't kill it with their main gun up close
* It has one of the most amazing characteristics that no other tank has, cuteness :3

'''Cons:'''

* Virtually no armour, can be hull-broken
* Low ammunition capacity
* Extremely vulnerable to aircraft
* 57 mm gun rarely destroys vehicles with one shot
* Prone to hull break
* Poor gun depression and horizontal traverse
* NVDs are only available in 3rd person or in the Commander's view

== History ==

===Development===
In mid-1940s, sometime either late in World War II or post-war, a proposal was made to develop a vehicle for the airborne troops. The vehicle was to be a lightweight assault gun able to support the paratroopers by being transportable by air. The task was given to two design bureaus, OKB-40 headed by Nikolaj Astrov in Mytischi and the other to Anatoly Karvtsev in Moscow. Astrov designed his vehicle as the ''ASU-76'', armed with a 76 mm D-56T gun. The design ended up being too heavy and its armour way too thin for adequate protection and was cancelled. Kartsev's project was the ''K-73'' which was amphibious and used a 57 mm Ch-51 anti-tank gun as its armament. This was even more thinly armoured than the ASU-76 and was also cancelled.

In 1949, Astrov was able to continue work on his design, but with specifications that the vehicle be made lighter and use the 57 mm Ch-51 gun instead due to its anti-tank performances. The redesigned vehicle was labeled ''Object 572'' and passed the test phases in 1949. It was formally accepted for service as the '''ASU-57''' in 1951 and production lasted from 1950 to 1952 with amounts produced up to a thousand.

===Usage===
The ASU-57, as an airborne vehicle, was made to be air-dropped from planes and land via a rocket-assisted parachute. It was then crewed by its airborne crew and support the airborne troops in their operation. Each airborne division had 54 vehicles at its disposal. It proved successful despite its weak armour and small caliber as this type of vehicle was invaluable in the hands of airborne troops, able to use a mobile artillery vehicle behind enemy lines. The ASU-57 stayed in service in the Soviet Airborne Forces for around 20 years before being replaced by the [[ASU-85]].

The ASU-57 was also given out to the Soviet Union's allies from 1960s to 70s. Such included Egypt, East Germany, North Korea, Poland, Sahrawi Republic, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, and Ethiopia.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=ussr_asu_57 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|YuBjyMQLRy0|'''Airmobile tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:18 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|i-V5rB5UOgA|'''ASU-57 Soviet Airborne Tank Destroyer''' - ''yolkhere''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[SU-57B]]
* [[ASU-85]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3724-development-asu-57-air-delivery-en/|[Devblog] ASU-57: Air Delivery]]
* [[Wikipedia:ASU-57|[Wikipedia] ASU-57]]

{{USSR tank destroyers}}

M22

2020-08-25T05:16:58Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m22_locust}}
== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M22Locust.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. One of the tiniest tanks in the game, the Locust is able to manoeuvre some of the smaller areas on the battlefield to get a clean shot on an opponent.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

Outside of heavy machine guns and autocannon rounds firing at a bad angle-of-attack, the M22's armour offers very little ballistic protection against the standard kinetic shells encountered. With only three men in the tank clumped together around the center, a single penetrating shot through the center is bound to knock out two or more crew member and leave the tank immobile or incapacitated.

Aircraft coming in at certain angles can possess the necessary penetration values to utterly shred apart the Locust, especially the thin roof armour of 9.5 mm at the turret and hull. However, an oblique angle towards the front armour is already enough to get through the sloped 12.7 mm armour plate present.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 12.7 mm (64-65°) ''Front glacis'' 25.4 mm (7-62°) ''Lower glacis'' 25.4 mm (9-85°) ''Driver's port'' || 9.5 mm (34-51°) ''Top'' 12.7 mm ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm (11-15°) ''Lower''
12.7 mm +9 mm ''Upper''
| 9.5 mm
|-
| Turret || 25.4 mm (25-36°) ''Turret front'' 25.4 mm (22-53°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25.4 mm (3-6°) || 25.4 mm || 9.5 mm
|}
'''Notes:''' 

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, the bogies and tracks are 10 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 297|rbMinHp= 170|}}

Aside from its small size, the M22's next famous value is its speed as a light tank. This allows the light tank to zip across the battlefield, possible getting to locations that can annoy enemies like a locust.

In Arcade Battles, be wary of going too fast with the enhanced engine power, especially on paved roads, as it could put the M22 in a speed the transmission would not be able to steer properly without "snaking" the tank. Another worst case scenario is running full speed into an immovable object, which can disable certain components or even flat out knock out the tank.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M6 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M6 (37 mm)|37 mm M6]]
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 50 || -10°/+30° || ±180°
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 'Arcade|| 19.52 || 27.01 || 32.80 || 36.27 || 38.59
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 12.2 || 14.35 || 17.42 || 19.27 || 20.5
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 78 || 76 || 65 || 54 || 44 || 37
|-
| M63 Shell || HE || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APCBC || 87 || 84 || 73 || 60 || 50 || 41
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M74B1 ||883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M63 Shell || 807 || 0.73 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 38 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M51B1/B2 || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks M22.png|right|thumbnail|300px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo rack]] of the M22 Locust.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''50''' || 34 ''(+16)'' || 17 ''(+33)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Perhaps the best word to describe this tank is -- tiny -- it really is, no other tank is as small as the ''Locust'' (save the [[ASU-57]]). This is a pro and a con, which we will cover in a second. The ''Locust'' is a light tank and thus is never really meant to go up against other tanks in the game. This severely limits the opponents you are able to face against "fairly" in this tank as your small size also means the crew is compacted into a small area and a crew knockout is very easy to do onto you, so in order to beat the odds, some trickery has to be put into play...

;Run and Gun

The ''Locust'' is really fast (although it might be hard to handle at its max speed), use this to your advantage to get to favorable positions or the flanks of the enemy. The tiny size of the tank helps by presenting a smaller target to the enemy and allows the usage of smaller cover that could not be typically used by an average tank of the rank. With fast maneuvering and sneaky movements across terrains, you can cross the battlefield quickly and carry out sharp strikes against the enemy. A skilled player can swiftly move from one capture point to another, destroy any opposition there, and capture the point.

;Get in Close

The riskier tactic, which would work if done well, is to just get right up onto the enemy tank. Again the ''Locust'' is ''tiny'' and this could make you easier to be knocked out, but that also means you can exploit some of the other tanks weaknesses, like their gun depression. Get up right on that tank, point blank on the sides, you will find that some enemies will not be able to even move their gun down to hit you if you stay close to them. Also remember that you have an impressive fire rate of about 3 seconds. Use this advantage to find weak points on their side or rear armour and score a subsequent knockout. However, you must be careful as sometimes the enemy tank may move in a way that forces you into their crosshairs or their allies shoot you as you are attacking.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="2" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks||
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive||M51B1/B2
|-
|II
|Suspension||Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire||
|-
|III
|Filters||
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism||
|-
|IV
|Transmission||Engine
|
|Artillery Support||
|-
|}
=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Enormous hp/ton ratio, allowing fast acceleration
* Great speeds across flat terrain
* Extremely low profile; tanks without a lot of gun depression can't shoot at you at close range
* Locust is shorter than the hulls of many tanks, so the gun can't even touch the turret
* The gun has no trouble penetrating tanks at its BR range
* Easy to turn a complete 180° at low speed and at a stop
* It has one of the most amazing characteristics that no other tank has, cuteness :3

'''Cons:'''

* High acceleration and speed make tank handling rather difficult unless familiar with specs
* Handling becomes sluggish at higher speeds, noticeably in 3rd Gear
* Small crew of 3 confined in tiny space, no spare crew members to take over incapacitated ones, a penetrating shot can take out two of them easily
* Weak armour; will only stop 12.7 mm rounds, and sometimes not even
* Due to its low suspension, it may get stuck in the soft or uneven ground
* Strange driving issue, in arcade mode, that causes the ''Locust'' to shudder, wobble, and not accelerate at a constant rate
* Doesn't have explosive filler for the 37 mm shells

== History ==

===Development===
The development of this tank began in late 1941 as a request from the British military for an airmobile light tank that could travel on a glider. The British airborne forces used gliders as a mean to transport troops and equipment, and by 1941 the gliders were rated to be able to carry a tank weighing about 5.5 tons in a 300 to 350-mile flight. The British had a light tank design, the ''[[Tetrarch_Mk_I|Mk. VII Tetrarch]]'', but it was not built for the focus of airborne operations so the request was made for a purely-built airborne light tank to replace the Tetrarch, and for the tank to be made not in Britain due to constraints in industrial capacity.

The request to the Americans called for a tank weighing between 9-10 tons with a 37 mm cannon and a coaxial machine gun with a crew of three. The tank was to have a maximum speed of 64 km/h (40 mph) and could operate in a 320 km radius (200 miles). The turret and front armour thickness were to be between 40-50 mm and the sides 30 mm thick. US Ordnance Department requested three companies, General Motors, J. Walter Christie, and Marmon-Herrington to design a suitable tank, of which the Marmon-Herrington design was accepted. The design was made into a prototype in late 1941 and was designated the ''Light Tank T9''. This design had a crew of three and weighed 7.4 tons, with a 37 mm gun and coaxial machine gun, plus two more machine guns on the right side of the bow. The turret was powered and had a gun stabilizer. The tank was powered by a 162 hp six-cylinder Lycoming engine and the armour thickness was 12.5 mm on the entire hull side of the tank while the sloped area on the sides of the hull was 9.5 mm thick. The tank could go up to 40 mph (64 km/h) with the engine. The T9 was built to be mounted on a Douglas C-54 Skymaster plane, but it could still fit into a glider due to its dimensions and weight. The tank underwent a few changes, such as improvement in the tank suspension and removal of the two machine guns on the bow, the gun stabilizer, and the power traverse on the turret to reduce the weight. The result was designated the ''Light Tank T9E1''. Production was meant to start somewhere in 1942, but issues in the design change and factories caused the production to be delayed until April 1943. The tanks were produced from then until 1945, with a total unit of 830.

The tank was specified the '''Light Tank M22''' at some time in 1943, but this classified it as a "limited standard" equipment due to some faults discovered. Testings showed that loading the M22 tank on a C-54 plane required lots of time and complex equipment, plus the plane had to be landed on an airfield to be unloaded. The durability and reliability of the M22 were also brought into question, concerned that these factors would make it unsuitable for airborne operations and that the design was effectively obsolete. The M22 never saw service in American combat units except for training, and even with the establishment of two units with the M22s, they saw no combat due to America's lack of investment in airborne tanks. The British on the other hand believed that the M22 would be adequate at its role so adopted it as the ''' ''Locust'' ''', giving the name '''Light Tank M22 ''Locust'' ''' to the tank.

===Combat usage===
The British usage in World War II had the airborne light tanks used in 1st and 6th Airborne Division as the Light Tank 'C' Squadron. Although the M22 Locust started replacing the Tetrarch before the initiation of Operation Overlord, the Tetrarch was still used until October 1944, when a restructuring retired all Tetrarch and replaced them with Locusts. The 6th Airborne Division was involved in Operation Varsity in 1945, where eight Locusts were loaded onto Hamilcar gliders and flown to the battlefield on March 24. Of the eight Locusts sent, six landed intact, but two never reached their rendezvous point due to enemy action or mechanical breakdown. Of the four remaining Locusts, only two were undamaged at the rendezvous point. The tanks were deployed at a fortified area, where they engage German troops while being supported by an infantry company, the Locusts were forced to withdraw after the heavy losses in infantry denied them support. The four tanks and what is left of the infantry were finally relieved by the 44th Royal Tank Regiment and the rest of the 6th Airborne Division. Operation Varsity was the only operation the Locust would ever see action in World War II.

The M22 ''Locust'', while serving rather well as an airborne tank, was reported to be obsolete by January 1946 by the War Office in Britain. New designs were to take over the Locust's role in the airborne formations. What's left of the ''Locusts'' in British inventory were given to foreign militaries. Belgium used some as command tanks in their armoured regiments. America received a few tanks back which was converted into agricultural tractors. Egypt used the Locusts in a large number to replace their ageing tank models from the interwar period, these saw service in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

Today, sixteen M22 Locusts are known to have survived, though many have replica turrets. Of the batch, only three are known to be in running condition.

=== In-game description ===
"In 1941 an airmobile light tank designated the T9 entered development, with three major companies assigned the project: Christie, GMC, and Marmon-Herrington. The design provided by Marmon-Herrington proved the winner, as it satisfied practically every client requirement.
Trials of the new tank began in the fall of 1941, and in November 1942 the third T9E2 pre-production prototype was built.

Production began in March 1943 and continued through February 1944. Marmon-Herrington assembled and delivered over the space of that year 830 of the 1,800 tanks ordered. The first 26 had a box-shaped compartment for the driver, though it was removed for subsequent models. The frontal plate was then made from a single piece.

The tank was designated the M22 beginning September 1944, though the lack of heavy transport planes in the American army kept it out of the war.

The UK acquired 260 M22s via Lend-Lease, referring to them as Locusts. The British liked the tank thanks to its good mobility, small size, and reasonable weight. Its weak armament and armor, which was no thicker than 25 mm, were considered drawbacks. Some 37 mm cannons were equipped with Littlejohn adaptors, which were designed to boost initial velocity with special shells.

The M22 only saw combat in 1945. Its biggest battle was Operation Varsity, when 12 tanks were flown in using Hamilcar gliders on March 22, 1945. Some M22s may have taken part in the 1944 Normandy invasion."

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=us_m22_locust Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|YuBjyMQLRy0|'''Airmobile tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:43 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same gun

* [[M3 Stuart (Family)]]
* [[M5 Stuart (Family)]]
* [[M8 Greyhound (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Tetrarch Mk I]]

== External links ==


* [http://the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_M22_Locusts.pdf Surviving M22 Locusts] (PDF)

{{USA light tanks}}

Staghound AA

2020-07-06T23:51:40Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=uk_t17e2}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} British Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) Gun {{Battle-rating|5}}. It was introduced in [[Update_1.55_"Royal_Armour"|Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]] along with the rest of the [[:Category:Britain_ground_vehicles|British ground vehicles]]. A very mobile self-propelled anti-tank gun with a dual-mounted .50 cal machine gun, it also has armour rivaling some of the Rank I vehicle and can withstand a majority of the small shells, warranting its high battle rating.

The T17E2 has two obvious characteristics. It has wheels, giving it excellent speed and mobility, especially on hard surfaces like rock or roads. The wheels also mean that it struggles in mud, sand or snow. Then, there are the guns, the T17E2 is armed with a seemingly light armament of two 12.7 mm (.50 cal) machine guns. Compared to other SPAA of the rank, the armament are light. German and Japanese SPAA are armed with highly potent 20mm auto cannons, which inflict far more damage to aircraft and vehicles alike. Instead, the T17E2 relies on its longevity and high rate of fire.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 22 mm (47°) ''Front glacis'' 22 mm (43°) ''Lower glacis'' 15 mm (32°) ''Driver's port'' || 19 mm (8-12°) || 9 mm (2-53°) || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 31.7 mm (2-42°) || 31.7 mm (0-1°) || 31.7 mm (2°) || N/A
|-
|}

* Wheels are 10 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 12.7 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 276|rbMinHp= 172}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Browning M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

With two 12.7 mm machine guns, the T17E2 shares the same anti-aircraft armament as the early USA's SPAAs (M13 MGMC and M16 MGMC). While the 12.7 mm is not strong enough to down planes with a single hit, the rapid-fire will ensure a screen of rounds will hit the target at the same time. With tracers, one can use the turret's fast traverse rate to "trace" the rounds towards the target and stay on them to cause enough damage to destroy planes.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Browning M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm Browning M2HB]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode
! Capacity (Belt capacity each)
! Fire rate (Shots/minute)
! Vertical
! Horizontal
! Stabilizer
! Stock
! Upgraded
! Full
! Expert
! Aced
! Stock
! Full
! Expert
! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 2,610 (200) || rowspan="2" | 577|| rowspan="2" | -10°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 37.87 || 52.41 || __.__ || __.__ || 74.87 || rowspan="2" | 10.40 || rowspan="2" | 9.20 || rowspan="2" | 8.48 || rowspan="2" | 8.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 25.59 || 30.10 || __.__ || __.__ || 43.00
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| AP || 26 || 25 || 19 || 12 || 7 || 5
|-
| I || 2 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
| AP-I || 23 || 22 || 16 || 10 || 6 || 5
|-
| APIT || 23 || 22 || 16 || 10 || 6 || 5
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| AP || 856 || 0.05 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 56° || 65°
|-
| I || 944 || 0.04 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 56° || 65°
|-
| AP-I || 887 || 0.04 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 56° || 65°
|-
| APIT || 887 || 0.04 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 56° || 65°
|-
|}

=====Belt types=====
{| class="wikitable"
| '''Belts''' || '''Shell composition''' || '''Combat usage'''
|-
| align="left" |''Default'' || align="left" | '''API-T''' / '''I''' / '''AP''' / '''API-T''' || align="left" | These rounds work well until the others are researched.
|-
| align="left" |''API'' || align="left" | '''API-T''' / '''AP-I''' / '''API-T''' || align="left" | These are absolutely devastating in the AA role with slightly less performance against enemy tanks than AP.
|-
| align="left" |''AP'' || align="left" | '''AP''' / '''AP''' / '''API-T''' || align="left" | These are best against enemy tanks at close range and do good damage to planes.
|-
| align="left" |''APIT'' || align="left" | '''API-T''' || align="left" | Better than API in all regards but not as good against tanks as AP, this is the belt choose in almost all situations. Since every bullet is a tracer makes killing aircraft much easier and detect-ability is not greatly increased over AP-I, however is increased a bit over AP.
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks {{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo rack]] of T17E2|300px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''12''' || 2 ''(+10)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

===== Optics =====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! Which ones
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| x2.1 || x3.7 
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2;" style="text-align:center;" | [[M13 MGMC]]
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tires
|
| Parts
| API
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| AP
| Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| APIT
| Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

*Twin 50 caliber machine guns, are good against enemy air targets.
*Twim 50 caliber machine guns can decimate the sides of low tier enemy tanks
*High rate of fire.
*Good mobility.
*Fast turret rotation.
*Turret transverse, offers good speed for hitting fast moving targets.
*Fast on roads.
*More efficient than tracked vehicles when turning, due to it having all wheel drive.
*Very effective against aircraft.

'''Cons:'''

*Wheeled vehicles are slower than treaded vehicles in the water.
*Very vulnerable, weak armour.
*Cannot pivot turn like a tank, drives like a truck.
*Has difficulty against heavy armor tanks.
*T17E2 Armour is only effective protecting against low caliber machine gun rounds.

== History ==

===Development===
The '''T17E2''' started as an armoured car requested by US Army Ordnance in July 1941. The request asked for a medium armoured car for combat services. Two companies, Ford Motor Company and Chevrolet, submitted designs to this request, Ford's was an all driven 6x6 wheeled vehicle and Chevrolet's was an all driven 4x4 wheeled vehicle. These two were called ''T17'' and ''T17E1'' respectively, both were powered by two Hercules JXD engines in order to standardize on parts. These two vehicles were to use a turret developed by Rock Island Arsenal with a 37 mm cannon and machine guns, this would house a crew of five. Despite their development, the United States interest on the design waned and were never adopted fully by their armed forces, instead taking in the lighter M8 Greyhound car and using the T17 until the M8 production could be started. Had it been adopted, it would've been designated the ''M6''.

===British Adoption===
During the T17's development, the British Purchasing Commission was also looking for a medium armoured car that could be used in the current campaign in North Africa. British requirements were a bit different than the American's and asked for the turret of the car to house at least two people and with a radio in the turret rather than in the hull. The British soon adopted the car and named it the ''"Deerhound"'', with production starting in October 1942. The T17E1 was also adopted as the ''"Staghound"'' and the British requested a production of 300 for testing, after which they then ordered another 1,500 for use. Production for the T17E1 also started on October 1942. When the US Army standardized their armoured cars to the M8 Greyhounds, the British vouched for the T17E1 production to continue for their use, to which the T17 was cancelled in early 1943 and only T17E1 were brought in by Lend-Lease. About 4,000 T17E1 "Staghounds" were produced in total for British use.

===T17E2===
While the armoured car variants of the T17 served as a light reconnaissance force and armoured car regiments, some were converted into self-propelled anti-aircraft guns. The T17E1 was modified with a new turret developed by Frazer-Nash that equipped two .50 caliber M2 Browning machine guns, this modified vehicle was given the name '''T17E2'''. The turret was open-topped, had an electric-hydraulic traverse system, and reduced the number of crew on the T17E2 to three: the commander, gunner, and driver. About 789 Staghounds were converted into the T17E2, also named the ''"Staghound AA"'', in the period of October 1943 and April 1944.

== Media ==

===Live.Warthunder===
[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23t17e2 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the T17E2 series from live.warthunder.com.]

===Images===
<gallery mode="packed-hover">
Image:T17E2_WT_poster1.jpg|T17E2 - Front view
Image:T17E2_WT_poster2.jpg|T17E2 - Right view
Image:T17E2_WT_poster3.jpg|T17E2 - Left view
Image:T17E2_WT_poster4.jpg|T17E2 - Rear view
</gallery>
===Video===
{{Youtube-gallery|0ZhWzyhvFGg|''ABSOLUTE MASSACRE - T17E2 ARMOURED CAR - War Thunder Tanks'' - '''By: PhlyDaily'''|LC8vrINiv3c|''T17E2 Tank Review <nowiki>|</nowiki> War Thunder'' - '''By: NUSensei'''}}

== See also ==


* [[AC Mk II AA]]: The succeeding vehicle in the British SPAA branch, featuring 20 mm autocannons.
* [[BTR-152A]]: A Soviet SPAA which also features dual-mounted machine guns atop an armoured car.

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/854/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> T17E2 and Armoured Car Mk II SPAA]

{{Britain anti-aircraft vehicles}}

L3/33 CC

2020-07-06T23:49:53Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=it_l3_cc}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage L3 33 CC.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened to ''{{Specs|pseudonym}}'') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

The L3/33 CC is an Italian tank that is the War Thunder equivalent of a shoe-box on tracks (with a gun, of course). This vehicle has very little armour, which allows for it to quickly and deftly maneuver across the battlefield, scouting for pockets to position the vehicle in for tactical advantages against the slower and heavier enemy vehicles it faces.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 8 mm (79°) ''Front glacis'' 14 mm (0°) ''Lower glacis'' || 14 mm || 8 mm (0-32°) || 8 mm 5 mm ''Hatches''
|-
| Superstructure || 14 mm (13-64°) 14 mm (0-62°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 14 mm (0-15°) || 14 mm (0-17°) || 8 mm 5 mm ''Hatches''
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 61|rbMinHp= 38}}

The L3/33 CC is very mobile both on and offroad. Thanks to its light weight, it accelerates quickly and can cruise at 40 / 25 km/h (AB/RB) in seconds. It does not lose much speed when turning but tends to oversteer when turning while driving over 40 km/h (in AB). With only -6 km/h in reverse (AB & RB), turning around and driving away is easier to retreat form unwanted situations.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39 (20 mm)}}

Wielding an anti-tank rifle with a 10 round magazine capable of launching a small APHE every second, the L3/33, in the hands of a competent commander, is able to deal with multiple lightly-armoured vehicles in quick succession. The only thing holding this quick-firing gun back is a lack of effective penetration to deal with all tanks at its battle rating, requiring the commander of this vehicle to be up close and personal and/or flank in order to deal with well-armoured targets ([[M3 Stuart]], [[Pz.38(t) F]], [[T-70]]). Certain heavy targets ([[B1 bis]]) should be avoided altogether.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39 (20 mm)|20 mm Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39]]
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="2" | 110 (10) || 60 || ±15° || ±10° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 17.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 11.9 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 7.8 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || APHE || 40 || 38 || 29 || 20 || 14 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || APHE || 832 || 0.14 || 1.3 || 15 || 1.7 || ° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_L3 33 CC.png|right|x250px|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the L3/33 CC]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |11th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''11''' || 10 ''(+1)'' || 9 ''(+2)'' || 8 ''(+3)'' || 7 ''(+4)'' || 6 ''(+5)'' || 5 ''(+6)'' || 4 ''(+7)'' || 3 ''(+8)'' || 2 ''(+9)'' || 1 ''(+10)'' || 0 ''(+11)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The L3/33 CC is best used in ambushes, as this tactic allows it to strike from a close distance; a hill can provide a nice spot for this, as the L3 has 15 degrees of gun depression and can get to cover by simply reversing if it is spotted in time. It is also useful as a flanker due to its small size (hard to spot) and high mobility.

When playing the L3/33, incoming fire should be avoided at all costs. Due to the cramped layout of internal modules and crew of 2, any penetrating shell is enough to destroy the vehicle. In addition, the armour is so weak that it cannot even protect against .50 calibre machine gunplay carefully.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[B1 bis|B1]]:

The B1 is covered by thick armour of at least 50 mm in all directions, even the turret ring and the copula are 40 mm which all exceed the maximum penetration of the L3 (38 mm). Do anything to avoid fighting this tank, leave it to your teammates by pinning its position on the map. But if unfortunately, you have to confront it, you must avoid its guns. Don't think you are small enough to slide beneath its guns, as it's hull-mounted 75 mm cannon has a whopping -20° depression, and the 47 mm in the turret has -18°, meaning that even if you are squeezing right between its tracks, it can still hit your fragile roof armour and eliminate a crew member with shrapnel. The only real damage you can do to it is to repeatedly shoot at its tracks to immobilize it.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
!Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Extremely tiny profile is sometimes a big advantage
* It utilizes small amounts of cover/bushes effectively
* Can easily sneak into lots of unexpected positions and set up for an ambush, advance or retreat
* Low silhouette can be fully covered behind a single one big bush decoration. It can even be covered with normal grass
* Amazing gun depression of -15° makes it a great mountain combat tank; combined with its tiny profile it can poke out only its gun to shoot from behind cover
* Quick firing cannon with an autoloading magazine can pinpoint enemy crew, especially with the spread-out ones like the LVT(A)
* Short stock grind, the best (and only) shell comes stock

'''Cons:'''

* Penetration drops dramatically, over 400 m away it can effectively penetrate nothing except soft targets like T-26, GAZ trucks or Flakpanzers.
* Thin armour with only two crew cramped together makes it very vulnerable
* Vulnerable to .50 calibre fire, one bullet to the crew can eliminate the tank
* Low cannon calibre of 20 mm makes it difficult to destroy obstacles like walls
* The 20mm doesn't have great penetration
* Unlike most 20mm it doesn't have PzGr 40

== History ==
The '''Carro Veloce L3/33''', also known as the '''CV-33''' was a [[wikipedia:Tankette|tankette]] produced by Carro Veloce for the Regio Esercito beginning in 1933. The design was an adaptation of the British [[wikipedia:Carden_Loyd_tankette|Carden Loyd tankette]], which had seen wide success on the international export market and became the basis for a number of similar tankette designs throughout the 1930's. Because Italy lacked the industrial base to produce large numbers of more complex and advanced tank designs, the L3/33 and later [[wikipedia:L3/35|L3/35 tankette]] formed the backbone of the Italian armoured corps and became the most widely produced Italian armoured fighting vehicles of the war, seeing service from the Italian invasion of Ethiopia to the very end of WW2. Several variants were produced, including a flamethrower variant (the L3/33 FL, standing for "Lanciaflamme"), a bridge carrier variant and a command radio variant.

As the war progressed, and the Italians faced the Allies in France and North Africa with their more heavily armed and armoured tanks and long-range anti-tank guns, the deficiencies of the L3/33 and 35 became apparent. Although fast and possessing a low profile, it was too thinly armoured, capable of only withstanding infantry rifle calibre munitions. In addition, its standard armament of a 6.5mm machine gun proved inadequate for long-range combat or engaging other armoured vehicles. While the Regio Esercito began slowly upgrading its armoured units to more modern standards, stopgap solutions to make up for the difference were considered and adopted. One of these was to mount a [[Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39 (20 mm)]] in a small number of L3/33's and 35's, replacing the 6.5mm machine gun and creating an ad-hoc tank destroyer platform. These were designated as the '''L3/33 CC''', which stood for "contocarro" ("anti-tank"). Arriving too late to see action in Libya before the Axis retreat, they saw only limited action in Tunisia. Gradually, the L3/33 and L3/35 would be withdrawn from front line service, serving largely in behind-the-line roles such as artillery towing vehicles and police vehicles in Axis-occupied territories. After the Axis’s fell, many tanks were captured and either destroyed or repurposed. The last recorded use of an L3/33 in service was during the Iraqi war, where the US captured the tank.

== Media ==

===Live.Warthunder===
[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=it_l3_cc '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the L3/33 CC from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L3/33 [Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> L3/33]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}

ASU-57

2020-07-06T23:37:14Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_asu_57}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_ASU-57.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]]. It was designed as an airborne self-propelled gun to provide fire support and anti-tank capability for the VDV (''Vozdushno-Desantnye Voyska''), the Soviet airborne forces.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

Due to the weight restrictions necessary for air portability, the ASU-57 has nearly no armour to speak of, and the side armour can be penetrated by even rifle-calibre machine guns. It has no armoured roof, and is thus extremely vulnerable to strafing runs by aircraft.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof !! Belly
|-
| Body || 6 mm (21-65°) ''Front Plate'' 6 mm (38°) ''Lower glacis'' || 4 mm || 6 mm (9°) || 5 mm || 6 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick, tracks are 15 mm thick

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 78|rbMinHp= 49|}}While the ASU-57 has a top speed below 50 km/h, it has an excellent power/weight ratio that allows the vehicle to accelerate very quickly to reach its top speed. It is thus very mobile and turns very quickly. However, it has a poor reverse speed of only 5 km/h, which makes it hard to back up into cover or away from a threat.

== Armaments ==

{{main|Ch-51M (57 mm)}}The ASU-57 is armed with the '''57 mm Ch-51M''', a derivative of the 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun encountered previously on the [[ZiS-30]]. The mounting has a very limited amount of gun depression and traverse due to the small size of the ASU-57. The gun itself has a fairly fast reload, which is a good thing since it is not uncommon for the first penetrating hit to not completely destroy the target.

The gun starts off with the '''BR-271SP''' APBC shot. This round has no explosive filler, but has a respectable amount of penetration and surprisingly decent post-penetration damage due to spalling. The '''BR-271M''' APCBC shell does have an explosive filler, but at the cost of lower penetration than the stock APBC round. The '''BR-271N''' APCR shot has the best penetration, but also does a pitiful amount of damage upon penetration and also performs very poorly against sloped armour.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Ch-51M (57 mm)|57 mm ch-51M]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 30 || -4°/+12° || ±7° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' ||10.57||14.63||17.76||19.64||20.89
|-
| ''Realistic'' ||7.14||8.4||10.2||11.28||12
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 6.50 ||5.75||5.30||5
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| BR-271SP || APBC ||162||158||144||129||115||103
|-
| BR-271M || APCBC ||146||142||127||110||96||83
|-
| O-271 || HE || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5
|-
| BR-271N || APCR ||159||155||140||123||108||94
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| BR-271SP || APBC || 1020 || 3.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-271M || APCBC || 975 || 2.8 || 1.2 ||9||20.02|| +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| O-271 || HE || 695 || 3.7 || 0.4 || 0.01 || 220 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| BR-271N || APCR || 1125 || 2.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_ASU-57.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the ASU-57.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''30''' || 25 ''(+5)'' || 19 ''(+11)'' || 1 ''(+29)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

Right side empty: 19 ''(+11)''

== Usage in battles ==


One of the smallest tracked vehicles in the game, weighing only 3.3 tons, the ASU-57's complete lack of armour makes it extremely vulnerable. Its only defense is its small size, making it extremely difficult to notice, let alone hit. It accelerates quickly and is very nimble for a turretless tank destroyer.

The ASU-57 is very difficult but can be very rewarding and fun to play. It is not recommended for arcade battles, as its primary advantage, stealth, is lost. The ASU-57 is a master of stealth, famed and beloved by the community for its ability to sneak up on tanks using its extremely small size. When using the ASU-57, objects that other tanks would ignore or simply drive over are capable of completely hiding the vehicle, making ambushes and surprise attacks the specialty of the ASU-57. This size comes at a cost, however, as the ASU-57 is extremely vulnerable to almost anything that can shoot at it. Aircraft are especially dangerous due to the open crew compartment.

The ASU-57 is best used as an ambusher/flanker, executing surprise attacks from unexpected locations other vehicles would struggle or be unable to reach. The ASU-57 is incredibly short, and by driving up next to an enemy it can render the enemy tank completely helpless, as almost no vehicle has enough gun depression to reach it. For this reason, it is recommended to only go after isolated vehicles, as an enemy teammate will be able to assist their ally by destroying the ASU-57. For the maximum efficiency of this tactic, knock out the driver of the enemy vehicle, then rush up to their side before they can bring their gun to bear.

It is also interesting to note that the ASU-57 is the lowest ranked vehicle in the game with access to night vision devices.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="4" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks||
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|
|
|-
|II
|Suspension||Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire||Airstrike||BR-271M
|-
|III
|Filters||
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|
|
|-
|IV
|Transmission||Engine
|
|Improved optics||BR-271N||NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Tiny size; difficult to spot and hit
* Armour is too thin to trigger APHE fuzes
* Excellent mobility
* Most powerful 57 mm gun in the game
* Lowest ranked vehicle that has access to NVDs
* Given all the abilities of a light tank (scouting, help repair)

'''Cons:'''

* Virtually no armour, can be hull-broken
* Low ammunition capacity
* Extremely vulnerable to aircraft
* 57 mm gun rarely destroys vehicles with one shot
* Prone to hull break
* Poor gun depression and horizontal traverse
* NVD's are only available in 3rd person or in the Commander's view

== History ==

===Development===
In mid-1940s, sometime either late in World War II or post-war, a proposal was made to develop a vehicle for the airborne troops. The vehicle was to be a lightweight assault gun able to support the paratroopers by being transportable by air. The task was given to two design bureaus, OKB-40 headed by Nikolaj Astrov in Mytischi and the other to Anatoly Karvtsev in Moscow. Astrov designed his vehicle as the ''ASU-76'', armed with a 76 mm D-56T gun. The design ended up being too heavy and its armour way too thin for adequate protection and was cancelled. Kartsev's project was the ''K-73'' which was amphibious and used a 57 mm Ch-51 anti-tank gun as its armament. This was even more thinly armoured than the ASU-76 and was also cancelled.

In 1949, Astrov was able to continue work on his design, but with specifications that the vehicle be made lighter and use the 57 mm Ch-51 gun instead due to its anti-tank performances. The redesigned vehicle was labeled ''Object 572'' and passed the test phases in 1949. It was formally accepted for service as the '''ASU-57''' in 1951 and production lasted from 1950 to 1952 with amounts produced up to a thousand.

===Usage===
The ASU-57, as an airborne vehicle, was made to be air-dropped from planes and land via a rocket-assisted parachute. It was then crewed by its airborne crew and support the airborne troops in their operation. Each airborne division had 54 vehicles at its disposal. It proved successful despite its weak armour and small caliber as this type of vehicle was invaluable in the hands of airborne troops, able to use a mobile artillery vehicle behind enemy lines. The ASU-57 stayed in service in the Soviet Airborne Forces for around 20 years before being replaced by the [[ASU-85]].

The ASU-57 was also given out to the Soviet Union's allies from 1960s to 70s. Such included Egypt, East Germany, North Korea, Poland, Sahrawi Republic, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, and Ethiopia.

== Media ==

Skin and Camouflages for the [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=ussr_asu_57 ASU-57] in Warthunder Live.

{{youtube|url = i-V5rB5UOgA|The ASU-57}}

== See also ==


* [http://warthunder.com/en/news/3724-development-asu-57-air-delivery-en/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> ASU-57: Air Delivery]

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:ASU-57|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> ASU-57]]

{{USSR tank destroyers}}

T-80U

2020-07-06T05:32:39Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_t_80u}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The armour protection of the {{PAGENAME}} is exceptional, especially if the incoming round hits one of the CONTACT-5 ERA plates. The strongest parts of the tank are the turret front and a majority of the upper front plate. It does, however, have some weaker areas, the most important being the driver's hatch, the immediate areas of the turret surrounding the gun and its breech, and its lower frontal plate. These weak spots are however pretty small targets at range, and thus by hiding them properly, the risk of being hit can be minimized. Owing to its very low profile, a hull-down T-80U is a small target in itself; the weaker parts of its armour are even smaller.

Fuel tanks on either side of the driver can soak up some shrapnel and add to the overall survivability. However, as with all Russian auto-loaded MBTs, there are only three crew members so a well-placed shot is capable of causing a crew knock-out. It's also worth noting that the placement of the ammo rack, below the turret in a carousel-style setup, leaves the T-80U particularly vulnerable to side shots causing ammunition detonation. The protection of the T-80U is very similar to the T-64B in terms of the size and placement of the weak areas. The sides of your tank should always be protected, and when engaging an enemy, your front armour should always be aligned directly towards him to reduce the risks of a shot penetrating your weaker side. The tank does, however, have some CONTACT-5 ERA on its upper front skirts, meaning that you have some extra protection against kinetic penetrators, and a lot against chemical shells, until the ERA bricks are detonated (leaving the area vulnerable for another hit).

As mentioned above, the T-80U also benefits from the typical low silhouette Russian tankers will be accustomed to, with the vehicle being significantly smaller than its competitors. This allows the T-80U to be hidden behind small terrain deformities which other MBTs would otherwise be visible. It's also harder for an enemy tank commander to immediately tell which area is the most vulnerable.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,937|rbMinHp=1,106}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is actually much better than that of the [[T-80B]], despite the U model weighing three tons more. This is thanks to the improved engine mounted in the{{PAGENAME}} which has a stock engine power of 1,106 hp, going up to 1,250 hp once the appropriate modules have been researched. It has a maximum speed of 69 km/h (43 mph) forward and -9.7 km/h (-6 mph) in reverse. The one downside is the traverse in neutral, taking around 19 seconds for a full 360° spin, but this can be greatly reduced if the tank is already in at least in 3rd gear.

As with most Russian MBTs, the reverse speed (-9.7 km/h (-6 mph)) does leave the tank vulnerable in situations where a fast retreat would be preferable. The commander should always be aware of his immediate surroundings and have a plan to get out of the area in case of a debilitating hit.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

[[File:T-80U No.864 in Vietnam.jpg|400px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' No.864 engaged in combat in Vietnam]]
{{main|2A46M-1 (125 mm)}}

The T-80U is armed with the same 125 mm cannon found in the [[T-80B]], with its 3BM42 "Mango" round proving competitive against other Rank VII offerings. As with previous vehicles of the family, the main gun is auto-loaded, so the loss of a crew member does not affect the loading times and the 6.5-second loading speed is competitive when compared to the 120 mm guns on the Leopard 2A5 and M1A1 Abrams. One notable perk of the auto-loader mechanism is that the gun will be reloaded even if the gunner is knocked out, if you're fighting a fire, or repairing. It does however also come with the drawbacks of a reload time that cannot be improved, the large ammo carousel concentric with the turret, and the chance of a single penetrating shot detonating the ammo racks. Another thing to note, since update 1.97 if the tanks battery runs out of power, the autoloader will not function and the cannon will need to be manually loaded, which is a much slower process.

As with the T-80B and T-64B, the T-80U can launch missiles out of its gun. Unlike the previous two vehicles though, it gets the upgraded 9M119 which has 700 mm of penetration compared to the previous ATGM's 650 mm penetration. These ATGM's can prove useful for shooting over hills to hit a hiding enemy or to engage helicopters or low-flying aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A46M-1 (125 mm)|125 mm 2A46M-1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 45 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 26.9 ||38.4||42.5||45.2|| rowspan="2" | 6.5 || rowspan="2" | 6.5 || rowspan="2" | 6.5 || rowspan="2" | 6.5
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.2 || 16.8 ||20.4||22.6||24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 3BM22 || APFSDS || 425 || 420 || 415 || 405 || 393 || 380
|-
| 3BM42 || APFSDS || 479 || 477 || 470 || 462 || 453 || 445
|-
| 3BK18M || HEATFS || 550 || 550 || 550 || 550 || 550 || 550
|-
| 3OF26 || HE || 42 || 42 || 42 || 42 || 42 || 42
|-
| 9M119 || ATGM || 700 || 700 || 700 || 700 || 700 || 700
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 3BM22 || APFSDS || 1,760 || 4.83 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| 3BM42 || APFSDS || 1,700 || 4.85 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 3BK18M || HEATFS || 905 || 19.0 || N/A || 0.1 || 2,790 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| 3OF26 || HE || 850 || 23.0 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 5,240 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 9M119 || ATGM || 400 || 23.3 || N/A || 0.01 || 3,600 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''45''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

==== Optics and night vision ====

The T-80U has two night vision modifications. The first modification "NVD" is unlocked at tier 3 and grants access to an image intensifier for each crew member. The second modification "NVD Upgrade" is unlocked at tier 4 and replaces the gunner's image intensifier with a thermal imager.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Type of optic
! rowspan="3" |Magnification
! colspan="5" |[[Night Vision Devices]]
|-
! colspan="3" |Image Intensifier
! rowspan="2" |{{Annotation|Thermal Imager Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! {{Annotation|Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! {{Annotation|Light Mult|By how much the image intensifier amplifies the existing light, primarily useful for comparing image intensifiers}}
! {{Annotation|Noise Level|How much noise is present in the image (how grainy the image is)}}
|-
! Gunner's Sight
| X2.7 - X12 || 1600 x 1200 || 9.0 || High || 500 x 300 || Thermal imager unlocked by "NVD Upgrade" mod (tier 4), replaces image intensifier.
|-
! Commander's View
| X6 || 1600 x 1200 || 9.0 || High || Not Fitted || Image intensifier unlocked by "NVD" mod (tier 3)
|-
! Driver's View
| X1 || 1600 x 1200 || 5.0 || High || Not Fitted || Image intensifier unlocked by "NVD" mod (tier 3)
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Night_Vision_Devices#Infrared_Spotlights|IR Searchlight]]
|-
! Max Range
! Beam Width
! Location / Notes
|-
| 1,400 m || 8.2° || Searchlight mounted on turret front, just right of the gun. Light moves up and down with main gun.
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|NSVT (12.7 mm)|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[NSVT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm NSVT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 300 (150) || 700 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,250 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


Learning to use terrain to hide the lower front plate and hull if possible is key to surviving. Like any other tank at the top rank, do not let enemies see your side armour. This is especially true for the T-64/T-80 line since their ammo is stored vertically and makes it very easy to hit. Since the Russian MBTs are relatively small, you can also use teammates as cover.

The {{PAGENAME}} is a fantastic sniper due to the great penetration and small turret, so that is also a viable option as long as you keep your eyes open on your flanks. The most dangerous enemy to the {{PAGENAME}} are helicopters, although the CONTACT-5 will usually protect against one missile. However, it is still ERA, and will be blown off after it is detonated. Since the interior of the tank is so compact, this makes it easy for good pilots to knock you out in 2-3 rapid missile shots. To avoid helicopters, stay close to buildings or hide next to trees/large bushes and wait for an anti-air vehicle or plane to take it out. Another option is to use the ATGM or range finder to shoot down the enemy yourself.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! colspan="2" | Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
|
| Horizontal Drive
| 3BK18M
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Smoke grenade
| Adjustment of Fire
| Laser rangefinder
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| NVD
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| 9M119
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| NVD upgrade
| ESS
| Artillery Support
| 3BM42
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Effective armour, especially against chemical munitions. The CONTACT-5 ERA mounted to the tank's frontal arc and its turret means that even helicopter-launched ATGMs may fail to penetrate
* Good stock ammunition, very good 3BM42 unlockable. Has access to 3OF26 HE-Frag-FS ammunition which does short work of enemy MBTs if the shell detonates above the turret roof or frontal deck
* Nimble tank for its size and tonnage - a fully upgraded T-80U is much more responsive than the T-80B. It still isn't as quick as a Leopard, however, and its reverse speed is punishing along with the lack of neutral steering
* Low silhouette - if you can find a sufficiently flat area behind a hilltop or a wide enough ditch, a hull-down T-80U is hard to spot and harder to hit
* Its autoloader, as with the other tanks in the T-64, -72 and -80 lines, ensures that ammunition will be loaded even when replacing crew, repairing, or extinguishing a fire!
* Accurate gun, and its muzzle velocity combined with the laser rangefinder permits easy long-range shots with little lead required to hit moving targets
* Gun-launched anti-tank guided missiles can be used as multipurpose munitions for tanks and helicopters alike
* Great turret protection

'''Cons:'''

* Rather easy to hit weak spots at closer ranges - some of them possibly leading to a one-hit knockout
* Poor survivability from side shots due to the massive ammunition carousel mounted in the centre of the hull
* Any shell penetrating the hull will most likely set off the ammunition, activating the Russian Automatic Turret Ejection System (RATES).
* Relatively low reverse speed, hard to retreat from a threatening situation
* The cramped interior, with the crew placed tightly together, means that the tank is easily disabled if a shot penetrates
* ...and the spare ammunition not carried in the autoloader is distributed around the hull and turret - meaning a penetrating shot might ignite a round carried as a spare, setting off the carousel
* Poor gun depression of -5° due to the low turret height. This makes it difficult to shoot over hills and other obstacles, especially on maps with rough terrain

== History ==

Work on improving the existing T-80 MBT begun as early as the mid-1970s with the design bureau in Leningrad. Here, developers were responsible for the production of the T-80 and started working on a joint project to further enhance the T-80's capabilities.

In the early 1980s, the first prototypes were being built and after extensive testing and design tweaking, the new tank was considered ready for production. The resultant tank was accepted by the Soviet military under the designation T-80U.

The T-80U received turret and upper frontal enhancements as part of its new construction along with being equipped with a second generation ERA protection system known as Kontakt-5. In contrast to the previous generation of dynamic protection, Kontakt-5 increased the tank's protection against HEAT ''and'' armour-piercing shells. The modifications also affected the armament of the tank - the T-80U is equipped with a new 1A45 fire control system and Reflex ICBM, which used more advanced 9M119 guided missiles. Subsequently, the tank was equipped with a new, more powerful GTD-1250 gas turbine engine which helped compensate for the increased weight of the vehicle and improved its dynamics.

The T-80U had been factory produced in Leningrad in 1987, but in 1989, its production was moved to Omsk. Work on upgrading the T-80 was carried out in Kharkov, but there, they constructed their own vehicle equipped with a diesel engine, which was designated 'T-80UD'. The latter would evolve into further developed Ukrainian derivatives of the T-80.

T-80Us served with the Soviet military until the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and have since continued serving with the Union's successor states to this day. The vehicle also saw service abroad with some other countries as well, primarily with South Korea and Cyprus. Overall, around 700 T-80Us have been produced since 1985, but this vehicle has yet to be put into any actual combat situations.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6051-development-t-80u-making-contact-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|3BbIiDovPPk|'''The Shooting Range #139''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the T-80U.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6051-development-t-80u-making-contact-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> T-80U: Making Contact]]

{{USSR medium tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

Hs 129 B-3

2020-06-14T03:53:21Z

U88392144: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card|code=hs-129b-3}}
{{About
| about = German attacker '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Hs 129 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Hs129B3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German attacker {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.37]].

The Hs 129 is a pure ground attack aircraft, designed mostly to take out tanks and armoured vehicles. The anti-tank gun [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|PaK 40]] is capable of knocking out medium tanks, while the 7.62 mm LMGs can destroy armoured cars and mobile AAAs. The plane is both slow and sluggish, meaning that it practically has to go after ground targets, but the armament and armour somewhat compensate for that and enable the plane to take out nearly all ground targets except pillboxes and heavy tanks.

The plane is very heavy, which makes it nearly impossible to take out fighters, even most medium bombers are more manoeuvrable, however, the plane is heavily armoured, so it can last a while even under heavy fire, even to such a degree that some planes run out of ammunition before taking out a Henschel.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 418 || 405 || 7,500 || 30.2 || 31.4 || 4.3 || 5.4 || 331
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || 7,500 || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || ?
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 700 || 450 || ??? || ~13 || ~13
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 310 || < 320 || < 300 || > 230
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,??? m || 1,300 hp || 1,530 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 5 mm Steel - Oil cooler covers
* 5 mm Steel - Lower engine cowl protection
* 2 mm Steel - Cockpit side plates
* 12 mm Steel - Cockpit back plate, floor, and front plates
* 75 mm Bulletproof glass

== Armaments ==
[[File:Hs-129 B-3 destroying a ground vehicle.png|thumb|Hs-129 B-3 destroying a ground vehicle with its 75mm BK 7.5 cannon]]

=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|BK 7,5 (75 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 75 mm BK 7,5 cannon (13 rpg = 13 total)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine gun (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

The two machine guns are arranged on each side of the fuselage. The 75 mm cannon is mounted to the underside of the fuselage. When aiming do not use the crosshair, instead, to be more precise with your shots, take the diameter of the aiming circle and put the length under the circle. This should provide the most accurate shot as that spot is a rough estimation of where your shot will land.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Hs129B.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Hs 129 B's instrument panel.]]

The Hs 129 B-3 is capable of destroying most mission-relevant ground targets. Tanks of all sorts, as well as light pillboxes, can be destroyed in one hit, provided armour piercing ammunition is used. Thanks to the 13 shells available, this can make a single Hs 129 B-3 a game-changing aircraft.

The Hs 129, however, does have major drawbacks. Its engines are weak which results in poor top speed, acceleration and climb rate. This, combined with the armour of nearly one-ton weight, makes it perform poorly in air combat and very vulnerable to attacks of enemy fighters. This, however, goes so far that sometimes enemy pilots underestimate the Hs 129 and overshoot it after a tight turn, which gives the Hs 129 pilot a moderate chance of defending himself.

In simulator battles, it is ''highly advisable'' to climb to at least 600 meters, level, and build speed (energy) before turning and returning for another attack. When spawning, it is still recommended to climb to 1000 meters above ground and use the scope to spot enemy ground vehicles in simulator battles. If there are possible enemies in the area, lose altitude, and fly away from the enemy to take a different path.

Do not attempt to make quick adjustments when aiming in a dive. Pull up, and try again. The AI tanks will go nowhere. Use 'universal belts' to help aim the main tank gun. It is not recommended to use tracers. The plane needs one major virtue to produce desirable results: patience.

The plane may sound very weak but, every tool in the box has a specific purpose: the Hs 129 B-3 is designed to win through objective destruction.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 75 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 75 mm Cannons
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The combination of the 7.92 mm machine guns and the 75 mm anti-tank gun can make short work of armoured columns
* A well-timed shot from the 75 mm gun when firing High Explosive can tear an aircraft apart
* Extremely effective in tank realistic battles with air superiority. The 75 mm can take out even the most heavily armoured allied tanks
* The 7.62 mm machine guns allow for engaging unarmoured targets without wasting 75 mm ammunition
* Can take a fair amount of punishment
* Quite a stable gun platform

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely slow from under-powered engines
* Very poor climb rate
* Not particularly manoeuvrable
* Poor energy retention
* Damage to engines can lose enough power to the extent that the plane simply falls out of the sky
* No defensive armament translates to a "sitting duck" in some combat situations, especially without friendly fighters in the air
* Cockpit has very thin armor
* Pilot can be killed by SPAAG's or by machine guns larger than 30 cal
* The gun has a large drop if in a shallow dive (If you dive at a higher angle, the shots will be more accurate to where you put the crosshair)

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/2689--en [Ugly Ducklings<nowiki>]</nowiki> - Hs 129]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Henschel}}
{{Germany attackers}}

Hs 129 B-3

2020-06-14T03:51:25Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=hs-129b-3}}
{{About
| about = German attacker '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Hs 129 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Hs129B3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German attacker {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.37]].

The Hs 129 is a pure ground attack aircraft, designed mostly to take out tanks and armoured vehicles. The anti-tank gun [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|PaK 40]] is capable of knocking out medium tanks, while the 7.62 mm LMGs can destroy armoured cars and mobile AAAs. The plane is both slow and sluggish, meaning that it practically has to go after ground targets, but the armament and armour somewhat compensate for that and enable the plane to take out nearly all ground targets except pillboxes and heavy tanks.

The plane is very heavy, which makes it nearly impossible to take out fighters, even most medium bombers are more manoeuvrable, however, the plane is heavily armoured, so it can last a while even under heavy fire, even to such a degree that some planes run out of ammunition before taking out a Henschel.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 418 || 405 || 7,500 || 30.2 || 31.4 || 4.3 || 5.4 || 331
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || 7,500 || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || ?
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 700 || 450 || ??? || ~13 || ~13
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 310 || < 320 || < 300 || > 230
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,??? m || 1,300 hp || 1,530 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 5 mm Steel - Oil cooler covers
* 5 mm Steel - Lower engine cowl protection
* 2 mm Steel - Cockpit side plates
* 12 mm Steel - Cockpit back plate, floor, and front plates
* 75 mm Bulletproof glass

== Armaments ==
[[File:Hs-129 B-3 destroying a ground vehicle.png|thumb|Hs-129 B-3 destroying a ground vehicle with its 75mm BK 7.5 cannon]]

=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|BK 7,5 (75 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 75 mm BK 7,5 cannon (13 rpg = 13 total)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine gun (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

The two machine guns are arranged on each side of the fuselage. The 75 mm cannon is mounted to the underside of the fuselage. When aiming do not use the crosshair, instead, to be more precise with your shots, take the diameter of the aiming circle and put the length under the circle. This should provide the most accurate shot as that spot is a rough estimation of where your shot will land.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Hs129B.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Hs 129 B's instrument panel.]]

The Hs 129 B-3 is capable of destroying most mission-relevant ground targets. Tanks of all sorts, as well as light pillboxes, can be destroyed in one hit, provided armour piercing ammunition is used. Thanks to the 13 shells available, this can make a single Hs 129 B-3 a game-changing aircraft.

The Hs 129, however, does have major drawbacks. Its engines are weak which results in poor top speed, acceleration and climb rate. This, combined with the armour of nearly one-ton weight, makes it perform poorly in air combat and very vulnerable to attacks of enemy fighters. This, however, goes so far that sometimes enemy pilots underestimate the Hs 129 and overshoot it after a tight turn, which gives the Hs 129 pilot a moderate chance of defending himself.

In simulator battles, it is ''highly advisable'' to climb to at least 600 meters, level, and build speed (energy) before turning and returning for another attack. When spawning, it is still recommended to climb to 1000 meters above ground and use the scope to spot enemy ground vehicles in simulator battles. If there are possible enemies in the area, lose altitude, and fly away from the enemy to take a different path.

Do not attempt to make quick adjustments when aiming in a dive. Pull up, and try again. The AI tanks will go nowhere. Use 'universal belts' to help aim the main tank gun. It is not recommended to use tracers. The plane needs one major virtue to produce desirable results: patience.

The plane may sound very weak but, every tool in the box has a specific purpose: the Hs 129 B-3 is designed to win through objective destruction.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 75 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 75 mm Cannons
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The combination of the 7.92 mm machine guns and the 75 mm anti-tank gun can make short work of armoured columns
* A well-timed shot from the 75 mm gun when firing High Explosive can tear an aircraft apart
* Extremely effective in tank realistic battles with air superiority. The 75 mm can take out even the most heavily armoured allied tanks
* The 7.62 mm machine guns allow for engaging unarmoured targets without wasting 75 mm ammunition
* Can take a fair amount of punishment
* Quite a stable gun platform

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely slow from under-powered engines
* Very poor climb rate
* Not particularly manoeuvrable
* Poor energy retention
* Damage to engines can lose enough power to the extent that the plane simply falls out of the sky
* No defensive armament translates to a "sitting duck" in some combat situations, especially without friendly fighters in the air
* Cockpit has very thin armor
* Pilot can be killed by SPAAG's or by machine guns larger than 30 cal
* The gun has a large drop if in a shallow dive

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/2689--en [Ugly Ducklings<nowiki>]</nowiki> - Hs 129]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Henschel}}
{{Germany attackers}}

Hs 129 B-3

2020-06-14T03:50:29Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=hs-129b-3}}
{{About
| about = German attacker '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Hs 129 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Hs129B3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German attacker {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.37]].

The Hs 129 is a pure ground attack aircraft, designed mostly to take out tanks and armoured vehicles. The anti-tank gun [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|PaK 40]] is capable of knocking out medium tanks, while the 7.62 mm LMGs can destroy armoured cars and mobile AAAs. The plane is both slow and sluggish, meaning that it practically has to go after ground targets, but the armament and armour somewhat compensate for that and enable the plane to take out nearly all ground targets except pillboxes and heavy tanks.

The plane is very heavy, which makes it nearly impossible to take out fighters, even most medium bombers are more manoeuvrable, however, the plane is heavily armoured, so it can last a while even under heavy fire, even to such a degree that some planes run out of ammunition before taking out a Henschel.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 418 || 405 || 7,500 || 30.2 || 31.4 || 4.3 || 5.4 || 331
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || 7,500 || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || ?
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 700 || 450 || ??? || ~13 || ~13
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 310 || < 320 || < 300 || > 230
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,??? m || 1,300 hp || 1,530 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 5 mm Steel - Oil cooler covers
* 5 mm Steel - Lower engine cowl protection
* 2 mm Steel - Cockpit side plates
* 12 mm Steel - Cockpit back plate, floor, and front plates
* 75 mm Bulletproof glass

== Armaments ==
[[File:Hs-129 B-3 destroying a ground vehicle.png|thumb|Hs-129 B-3 destroying a ground vehicle with its 75mm BK 7.5 cannon]]

=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|BK 7,5 (75 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 75 mm BK 7,5 cannon (13 rpg = 13 total)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine gun (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

The two machine guns are arranged on each side of the fuselage. The 75 mm cannon is mounted to the underside of the fuselage. When aiming do not use the crosshair, instead, to be more precise with your shots, take the diameter of the aiming circle and put the length under the circle. This should provide the most accurate shot as that spot is a rough estimation of where your shot will land.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Hs129B.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Hs 129 B's instrument panel.]]

The Hs 129 B-3 is capable of destroying most mission-relevant ground targets. Tanks of all sorts, as well as light pillboxes, can be destroyed in one hit, provided armour piercing ammunition is used. Thanks to the 13 shells available, this can make a single Hs 129 B-3 a game-changing aircraft.

The Hs 129, however, does have major drawbacks. Its engines are weak which results in poor top speed, acceleration and climb rate. This, combined with the armour of nearly one-ton weight, makes it perform poorly in air combat and very vulnerable to attacks of enemy fighters. This, however, goes so far that sometimes enemy pilots underestimate the Hs 129 and overshoot it after a tight turn, which gives the Hs 129 pilot a moderate chance of defending himself.

In simulator battles, it is ''highly advisable'' to climb to at least 600 meters, level, and build speed (energy) before turning and returning for another attack. When spawning, it is still recommended to climb to 1000 meters above ground and use the scope to spot enemy ground vehicles in simulator battles. If there are possible enemies in the area, lose altitude, and fly away from the enemy to take a different path.

Do not attempt to make quick adjustments when aiming in a dive. Pull up, and try again. The AI tanks will go nowhere. Use 'universal belts' to help aim the main tank gun. It is not recommended to use tracers. The plane needs one major virtue to produce desirable results: patience.

The plane may sound very weak but, every tool in the box has a specific purpose: the Hs 129 B-3 is designed to win through objective destruction.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 75 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 75 mm Cannons
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The combination of the 7.92 mm machine guns and the 75 mm anti-tank gun can make short work of armoured columns
* A well-timed shot from the 75 mm gun when firing High Explosive can tear an aircraft apart
* Extremely effective in tank realistic battles with air superiority. The 75 mm can take out even the most heavily armoured allied tanks
* The 7.62 mm machine guns allow for engaging unarmoured targets without wasting 75 mm ammunition
* Can take a fair amount of punishment
* Quite a stable gun platform

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely slow from under-powered engines
* Very poor climb rate
* Not particularly manoeuvrable
* Poor energy retention
* Damage to engines can lose enough power to the extent that the plane simply falls out of the sky
* No defensive armament translates to a "sitting duck" in some combat situations, especially without friendly fighters in the air
* Cockpit has very thin armor
* Pilot can be killed by SPAAG's or by machine guns larger than 30 cal

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/2689--en [Ugly Ducklings<nowiki>]</nowiki> - Hs 129]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Henschel}}
{{Germany attackers}}

Hs 129 B-2

2020-06-14T03:49:35Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=hs-129b-2}}
{{About
| about = German attacker '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Hs 129 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Hs129B-2.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German attacker {{Battle-rating}}. This attacker has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.29.

The Hs 129 is a ground attack aircraft, designed mostly to take out tanks and armoured vehicles and fulfil other roles associated with CAS. Both the 30 mm MK 103 and 37 mm BK 3.7 are capable of knocking out medium tanks, light tanks, and light pillboxes while the 20 mm cannons can easily destroy armoured cars, mobile AAAs, and other lightly armoured equipment. The plane is both slow and sluggish, meaning that it practically has to go after ground targets, but the armament and armour somewhat compensate for that and enable the plane to take out nearly all ground targets except for pillboxes and heavy tanks.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || 7,500 || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || 331
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || 7,50 || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || 331
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 700 || 320 || 360 || ~13 || ~13
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 310 || < 320 || < 300 || > 230
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,000 m || 1,300 hp || 1,530 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 5 mm Steel - Oil cooler covers
* 5 mm Steel - Lower engine cowl protection
* 2 mm Steel - Cockpit side plates
* 12 mm Steel - Cockpit back plate, floor, and front plates
* 75 mm Bulletproof glass

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon, fuselage-mounted (250 rpg = 500 total)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine gun, fuselage-mounted (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|BK 3,7 (37 mm)|MK 103 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 1 x 30 mm MK 103 cannon, belly-mounted (100 rpg)
* 1 x 37 mm BK 3,7 cannon, belly-mounted (12 rpg)
* 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (200 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Hs129B.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Hs 129 B's instrument panel.]]

The plane is very heavy, which makes it nearly impossible to take out fighters (unless the fighters come to the {{PAGENAME}}, see below), even most medium bombers are more maneuverable, however the plane is heavily armoured, so it can last a while even under heavy fire, even to such a degree that some planes run out of ammunition before taking out a Henschel. That combined with the heavy armament makes it ideal to attack B-17 formations, even though it requires time and effort to climb and match the speed of the formation. The armour around the cockpit makes it nearly immune to 7.92 mm rounds and could also fly with one engine, albeit with great difficulty. The planes incredibly stable flight behaviour makes aiming even for joystick pilots very easy and accurate thus not wasting too much ammunition.

Once the 30 mm additional gun with its impressive 100-round belt has been researched (the 37 mm with its smaller belt and low rate of fire should be avoided), the plane has very heavy firepower. In combination with the great stability and thus firing accuracy, this makes it an ideal heads-on fighter. With a bit of experience, it's relatively easy to finish off enemy fighters with one or two short bursts before they are even in range for the target indicator to appear. In situations where enemy planes coming at 0.5 to 1.0 km interval from the same direction, the {{PAGENAME}} can easily achieve triple or even quadruple air victories before needing to turn around for reloading.

====Tactics====

Using the 30 mm MK 103, which can be unlocked as an additional armament option, the Hs 129 B-2 is capable of destroying most mission relevant ground targets. Tanks of all sorts, as well as light pillboxes, can be destroyed in up to three hits, provided armour piercing ammunition (HVAP-T) is unlocked. Thanks to the 100 rounds of ammunition available, this can make a single Hs 129B-2 a game-changing aircraft. The same can be achieved using the BK 3.7, however, it is generally considered harder to use and thus not a viable option.

The Hs 129 B-2, however, does have major drawbacks. Its engines are weak which results in poor top speed, acceleration and climb rate. This, combined with the armour of nearly one-ton weight, makes it perform poorly in air combat and very vulnerable to attacks of enemy fighters. This, however, goes so far that sometimes enemy pilots underestimate the Hs 129 and overshoot it after a tight turn, which gives the Hs 129B-2 pilot a moderate chance of defending itself.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
| Offensive 20 mm
| ETC 50/VIIId
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
| New 20 mm Cannons
| R2 Modification
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| Offensive 37 mm
| BK 3,7 Cannon
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 30 mm Cannons
| New 37 mm Cannons
|
|-
|}
Research Path:

# Radiator
# ETC 50/VIIId
# R2 Modification
# All Flight Performance/Survivability
# Weaponry
# BK 3,7 (Last)

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Resistant to light machine guns and Russian heavy machineguns
* Very good firepower when carrying either the 30 mm or 37 mm cannon pods
* 30 mm MK 103 is a high-velocity cannon with a decent rate of fire, which allows for versatility in targets, and is especially devastating against armoured vehicles
* 30 mm HVAP-T generally destroys air targets in one to three hits with a high potential to combust targets
* 30 mm HE-I/HEI-T Minengeschoß in the default belts means grinding once the 30 mm is available isn't that difficult
* 30 mm has a reasonable ammo pool of 100 rounds and the low fire rate combined with hit success allows it more than enough to obtain down five planes before running out
* Cockpit has 70 mm of armoured glass at the front, reasonable all-round protection for the pilot
* Great at head-on passes in all game modes (shoot and duck/rollaway)
* Centrally mounted armament, need for gun harmonisation minimalized

'''Cons:'''

* Poor climb rate, bad manoeuvrability, heavy aircraft
* The engines are underpowered and if even one is shot-up, the plane will fall from the sky
* Engine uses a carburettor, preventing prolonged inverted G-load state
* Has no defensive armament compared to other attack aircraft of its rank
* Engine and internal wing fuel tanks are ideal targets for enemy pilots
* Needs the gun pods to do well
* Cockpit armor is very thin
* Pilot can be killed by SPAAG's or by machine guns larger than 30 cals
* Thick cockpit armoured glass causes some distortion (simulator)

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
"The German Henschel Hs-129 was a single-seater twin-engine attack aircraft built for combat with tanks.

For the designers of the Henschel firm, which specialized in the manufacture of armored vehicles for the Army, the most difficult challenge was aircraft survivability. They sought to protect the pilot and the most vulnerable components of the aircraft. Their desire to keep mass as low as possible led them to build a cockpit encased in 75 millimeters of glass. The design was very cramped and poorly regarded. Among other inconveniences were the tiny control panel and short control stick.

During flight testing, it was found that the aircraft could not dive, since any angle greater than 30 degrees resulted in the pilot being unable to control the aircraft. In addition, it was found that the Hs-129 could not fly well on one engine. This fact, combined with the reasoning that the plane could land using the other engine should its partner fail, led to the plane’s twin-engine design.

Despite the plane’s shortcomings, the Luftwaffe desperately needed aircraft for the assault of 1940, and in the winter of 1940, Henschel received an order for a series of Hs-129 planes. With the occupation of France, a large number of Gnome-Rhone 14M engines were confiscated, each running at 700 hp. Experiments with installing more powerful (albeit unreliable) engines led to the creation of the Hs-129B, which had superior specs to the original Hs-129 and could return all the way to base if forced to fly with only one engine.

Serial production of the Hs-129B-1 began in 1941, and May of the following year saw the launch of the modified Hs-129B-2, which had a modified fuel system (along with several other minor changes).

All in all, 878 Hs-129s were produced."

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/195202-ugly-ducklings-hs-129/ [Ugly Ducklings<nowiki>]</nowiki> - Hs 129]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Henschel}}
{{Germany attackers}}

G8N1

2020-06-14T03:46:35Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=g8n1}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese heavy bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.29]].

Nicknamed "The Death Star" by the War Thunder community, this beast is a machine to be reckoned with. It is armed with an astounding 6 x 20 mm Type 99 Mk. 1 cannons - enemy planes dare not come close to the Renzan. It has a high chance of surviving multiple enemy attacks thanks to this overwhelming defensive armament, high ammunition count, and good armour (for a Japanese aeroplane). This comes at a price - its maximum payload is only 2,400 kg, making it the heavy bomber with the lowest total bomb load in-game. Although the Renzan isn't the most capable bomber as far as ground attack goes, it is still very dangerous when information or with teammates at its side. Unlike other heavy bombers such as the [[Lancaster B Mk I]], the Renzan is able to defend itself without fighter escort, to some extent. Another unique feature of the Renzan is its four-engine design. It is the only Japanese plane apart from the [[G5N1 ]] and premium B-17E Flying Fortress with four engines. This increases the Renzan's chances of surviving attacks and making it back to base.

The G8N1 utilizes 6 x 20 mm cannons placed in 3 turrets on the dorsal, belly, and tail positions along with for 13.2 mm machine guns placed in the nose and waist positions. The Renzan is able to defend itself from all sides and angles, with the most firepower towards the rear of the aircraft. This is where the Renzan is most effective at eliminating potential attackers. The 20 mm cannons require a good amount of lead, make sure to take care when firing. Unlocking the "New 20 mm cannons" and "New 13.2 mm MGs" modules will help the turrets fire for longer periods of time. Upgrading certain crew statistics such as gunner vitality and accuracy will also improve survivability and damage potential.
== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,620 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 491 || 475 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.6 || 26.3 || 4.9 || 4.9 || 489
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,620 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || 489
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || 500 || ~1 || ~1
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 360 || < 370 || < 450 || > 180
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 7,000 m || 7,400 hp || 7,992 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 13 mm Steel plates behind the nose gunner
* 13 mm Steel plates behind the pilots
* 13 mm Steel plates behind the dorsal gunner
* 13 mm Steel plates in front of beam turret gunners
* 13 mm Steel plate in the tail gunner's seat

== Armaments ==

=== Suspended armament ===

      ''Main article: '''[[:Category:Suspended armaments|Bombs]]'''''

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 18 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 ground bombs (1,080 kg total)
* 8 x 250 kg Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 3 x 800 kg Navy Type Number 80 Model 1 bombs (2,400 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Type 99 Model 2 navy (20 mm)|Type 2 navy (13 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, dorsal turret (300 rpg = 600 total)
* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, ventral turret (200 rpg = 400 total)
* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, tail turret (300 rpg = 600 total)
* 2 x 13 mm Type 2 machine guns, nose mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)
* 1 x 13 mm Type 2 machine guns, 2 x beam turret (300 rpg = 600 total)

== Usage in the battles ==

In all game modes, the G8N1 excels at the traditional heavy bomber role of bombing strategic targets like air bases or factories. Maps like New Guinea and Midway feature enemy airfields. If destroyed, they will net your team an auto-win. Unfortunately, it takes multiple Renzans equipped with the full bomb load to destroy an airfield on the first attack run. Other maps such as Saipan do not have airfields. Instead, an array of carriers serve as the enemy's bases. It is possible to destroy all of the carriers and win the round, but again requires multiple Renzans or multiple landings. If the "14 in (mod35)" module is not researched, most maps the Renzan is placed on feature smaller targets like tanks, pillboxes, or destroyers. These can be dispatched with the other bomb load outs the G8N1 possesses. In arcade battles, the strategy is exactly the same. One may also consider climbing high or flanking to avoid enemy fighters.

If attacked, the G8N1 can more than easily defend itself. It is recommended to "line up" an enemy aircraft by manoeuvring so that all of your tail turrets are facing it. Then, start firing at distances of around 1 km away. Make sure to lead properly and if the shells aren't hitting watch the tracers and adjust accordingly. Unfortunately, even minor wing damage can result in a so-called "death spin" in which the plane becomes unbalanced and spirals slowly towards the ground. It is nearly impossible to recover from a situation such as this, and it happens in all game modes. Apart from that issue, the Renzan is more of a fortress than the B-17G Flying Fortress.
===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Turret 13 mm
| 14 in (mod35)
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 13 mm MGs (Turret)
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| Turret 20 mm
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 20 mm Cannons (Turret)
|
|-
|}

* As with any propeller bomber, speed is not necessarily important. Start off by researching all of the payload and turret modules, as these are more worthwhile than upgrading the aircraft's speed or turn time. Upgrading crew stats such as reload speed and ground repair time are also beneficial. Upgrading the gunners also gives you a massive defensive boost but costs a lot of crew points. Gunner vitality should be number one on the list of crew upgrades. Unlocking the turret belts modules also allows one to fill the turret belts with more armour piercing or high explosive rounds, furthering the G8N1's survivability.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Second most powerful defensive armament next to the Tu-4
* Fear factor: the Renzan is known for its defensive capabilities
* High ammunition count (turrets)
* Generally manoeuvrable for its size
* Armored and equipped with self-sealing fuel tanks
* Able to defend itself from multiple directions
* Several vibrant in-game camouflages able to be unlocked

'''Cons:'''

* Turrets jam quickly
* Very thin armor for it's tier
* Most opponents will have heavy machine guns capable of penetrating the armor
* Low total payload capacity
* Landing gear takes a long time to deploy and retract
* Very hard to break when landing
* Mediocre climb rate
* Allied fighters can easily reach you

== History ==

The G8N1 Renzan was designed to fit an earlier Japanese military specification of a long-range land-based attack plane. The earlier attempt, the [[G5N1]] failed. The initial prototype was completed in October of 1944 and delivered to the Imperial Navy for testing. A total of four prototypes were produced before production stopped as a result of the cease in hostilities. The Allies allocated the name "Rita" to the G8N.

=== In-game description ===
"Nakajima G8N1 ""Renzan"" experimental four-engine, long-range, land-based bomber (Allied reporting name: Rita), Navy 18-Shi specification

An all-metal, seven-seat cantilever monoplane with retractable nose landing gear.

After the creation of the G5N bomber failed, the Nakajima Aircraft Company's designers were forced to radically reconsider their methods for designing heavy multi-engine machines, now that they had some experience.

In late 1942, leaders of the Imperial Japanese Navy issued new requirements for a land-based bomber that would replace the obsolescent G4M in the very near future.

In February 1943, the Nakajima Company was offered to develop such a bomber, after preliminary 18-Shi requirements were issued for a maritime experimental aircraft. An official specification for it was formulated by September of the same year. The specification called for a well-protected machine with powerful defensive armament, which would reach a maximum speed of 592 km/h and have a full bomb capacity of 4,000 kg.

The first prototype of the G8N1 bomber was ready by October 1944, and it got off the ground for the first time on October 23.

The aircraft came to have four Nakajima NK9K-L Homare 24 eighteen-cylinder air-cooled engines with Hitachi 92 turbocompressors, which could produce a maximum takeoff power of 2,000 hp.

The G8N1 bomber had unprecedented power in its defensive armament. The nose turret housed twin 13 mm Type 2 (Rheinmetall-Borsig MG 131) machine guns with 200 rounds each. Each of two fuselage blister gun mounts housed one 13 mm Type 2 machine gun with 300 rounds each. The lower electric turret, capable of 360-degree fire, housed two 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 (Oerlikon FF) cannons with 200 rounds each. The upper electrically driven turret, capable of 360-degree fire, was equipped with two 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannons with 300 rounds each. The rear power-driven turret had two 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 cannons with 300 rounds each.

The G8N1 bomber's combat load was carried only internally. Bombs ranging from 60 kg to 2,000 kg, in various combinations, could be suspended in the bomb bay. The standard payload was 2,000 kg within maximum mission flight range. The maximum bomb capacity was 4,000 kg. "

== Media ==

[[File:BomberImage_G8N1_historical.jpg|thumb|300px|right|An early G8N example]]

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan bombers}}

KW II 754 (r) (Germany)

2020-05-26T01:49:30Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_kv_2_754r}}
{{About
|about=heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=KV-2 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_KV-II754(r)(Germany).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium Rank {{Specs|rank}} German heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]]. A captured [[KV-2 (1940)|KV-2]] in German service, several modifications were done for the Germans' convenience. It costs 2,980 GE.

The KV-II presents itself as one of the behemoth vehicles of the Rank III German tank line. With a 152 mm gun, it presents most of the pros and cons of the original Soviet [[KV-2 (1939)|KV-2]] in the game.

Its armament allows the vehicle to dispatch any ground vehicles in one hit. The HE and AP shells, each carrying more than 5,000 grams of explosive filler, all have the capacity to destroy a tank upon penetration or contact. However, because of the KV-II's high profile, and now added with the German commander cupola on top, the vehicle is easily targeted and attacked from a distance. The best way to take advantage of this tank is through peek-a-boom tactics and staying behind others. Roll forward, take your shot, and then pull back for the over half-minute reload time, and then repeat.

The KV-II is distinguishable by its ''Dunkelgelb'' yellow coat, instead of the green coat the Russians use on their tanks. If yellow coat is covered with a different camouflage skin, other features to look out for is the German cupola on top that looks like its from a Panzer IV. There are also a large collection of the German "jerry" fuel cans on the right rear hull, on top of the tracks. The front hull is also absent of a headlamp, though the vehicle horn is still present. Finally, there is an empty bustle rack on the rear of the tank that is not present on other KV-2 variants.

The gun on this tank is what makes it special, the 152mm howitzer is capable of destroying any tank in the game (OF-530), and many with a single hit. Most times even if a shot does not destroy the target, it will damage it enough to force the foe to disengage. High Explosive is the preferred shell able to destroy almost any tank in a single shot. In order to accomplish this aim for the roof of a tank or under it and let the fragment penetrate the roof/floor. The shockwave is powerful enough to rip through up to 75mm of armour, and has a huge blast radius. You can, and will, destroy tanks such as [[Tiger H1|Tigers]] and [[IS-1]]s with the KV-2. Again: The greatest weakness of this tank is it extremely long reload time leaving you a sitting duck for long periods of time. Basically, the strategy is to come out aim carefully at closest target and fire, and then pull back behind cover or friendly tanks. This cannot be said enough. Albeit being a heavy tank, it must rely on cover by other threats to scare the enemy away or force them to shoot another target.

Mobility is that of a KV-1 powerplant, but with six more tons added. This causes the KV-2 to feel sluggish, especially in turns as a prolonged turn radius would sap the speed of the vehicle. This means hull-turns are not reliable and combined with the turret's low traverse speed, equals a poor reaction to an unexpected enemy at the flanks. Armour on the KV-II is not as reliable as the earlier KV-1 vehicles as the new BR causes it to meet Rank III vehicles with stronger guns able to penetrate through the front hull and turret armour of the KV-II. Though the relatively unsloped front hull presents a large target, the KV-II's usage of the [[KV-2 (1940)|mod. 1940]] turret design presents an even larger target above the front hull, as right under the gun mantlet holding the 152 mm gun is a very flat 75 mm plate for the turret front armour, easily penetrated by even Rank II vehicles. As for the profile of the vehicle, the KV-II is just tall and will always expose itself heavily when bringing its gun to aim. However, this profile is worsen by the addition of a German cupola to the top, which is even more weakly armoured than the turret and could cause exploding shots to reach in and severely damage the turret crew.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 75 mm (30°) ''Front plate'' 70 mm (70°) ''Front glacis'' 75 mm (26-58°) ''Lower glacis'' || 75 mm || 60 mm (3-86°) ''Top'' 70 mm (11-58°) ''Bottom'' || 35 mm ''Front'' 30 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 75 mm ''Front turret'' 75 mm (2-41°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 75 mm || 75 mm 45 mm (2-49°) ''Machine gun port'' || 40 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 50 mm || 30 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, torsion bars are 20 mm thick, and tracks are 30 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 775|rbMinHp= 531|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M-10T (152 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M-10T (152 mm)|152 mm M-10T]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 36 || -5°/+12° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 3.60 || 4.90 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 3.60 || 4.20 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 43.33 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| G-530 || AC ||95||94||89||83||78||73
|-
| OF-530 || HE ||48||48||48||48||48||48
|-
| PB-35 || APCBC ||95||94||90||86||81||77
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| G-530 || AC || 530 || 40 || 1.5 || 15 || 5,100 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| OF-530 || HE || 530 || 40 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 5,830 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| PB-35 || APCBC || 436 || 51 || 1.5 || 15 || 6,510 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

=====Shell types=====

* '''G-530''' (AC) The "Anti-Concrete" round has the same speed as the HE shell with decent amount of penetration for nearly all [[:Category:Third rank ground vehicles|rank III]] tanks. In ranges greater than 1000m, the OF-530 shell should be loaded to effectively deal with any vehicle including heavy tanks. Compared to the PB-35, it has much greater speed, improving long range accuracy.
* '''OF-530''' (HE) The "High-explosive" shell requires careful aim as despite its infamous power, a solid hit on the front of an enemy tank would not necessarily defeat the enemy. One must preferably aim beneath tanks or below the gun mantlets to sneak into thinly armoured portions such as the roof or belly armour.
* '''PB-35''' (APCBC) The shell with the most penetration on all ranges and the one with the worst accuracy, given due its abysmal slow velocity of 436 m/s (975 mph). Thus it is not advised to be used, except in close range combat.

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks KV-2(1939).png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo rack]] of KV-2 (1939).]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''36''' || 32 ''(+4)'' || 27 ''(+9)'' || 20 ''(+16)'' || 1 ''(+35)'' || style="text-align:center" | Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 27 (+9)

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,890 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

Make sure to plan your route ahead of time make sure to avoid large distances in the open, this is a slow moving tank with a large profile making it an easy target for long barreled guns. Mobility is not a strength of this tank with slow acceleration coupled with a low hull traverse and gun elevation/depression, these aspects of the tank make close range brawling a bad idea. As for top speed in a straight line on flat ground this tank can achieve 30kph. The KV-2 is best used in medium to long range, or in close combat with a second squad mate, where if you fail to destroy a target you can seek cover to reload. It's almost always advisable to be with friendly tanks when taking out the KV-2, because of it's long reload. As for the armour you can bounce shots but don't rely on your armour to save you, since the enemy its faces can pierce its armour even at range. Don't forget that in the half-minute period between your shots enemy tanks can shot you 2 or more times.

The KV-II, while able to destroy most enemies in one hit, is very vulnerable to return fire as its armour is easily penetrable by its enemies at the BR. The 76 mm in the Americans, the long 75 mm and 88 mm in the Germans, the 85 mm in the Russians, and the Type 5 guns in the Japanese are able to blast through the front, unsloped armour of the vehicle to deal a mortal blow. That said, even fast vehicles with weaker guns could travel faster than the KV-2's 152 mm turret traverse and even the gun depression in close range to be immune and free to plink away at the KV-II.

===Arcade battles===
The target lead indicator make the slow, but long range penetrating PB-35 a destructive force to be afraid of. On more open maps like Karelia and Carpathians, the KV-II can hang back (mostly due its speed) and snipe of unsuspecting targets while being itself mostly immune to return fire. Smaller maps benefit the low shell velocity due to closer engagement distances, but also empowers the enemy medium tanks who will have it much easier to get juicy shots into your side. Situational awareness is the key to victory or rather ''survival''.

===Realistic/Simulator battles===
The KV-II's best friend are the binoculars. Keep the turret in a well angled position while scouting for targets with your glasses or normal eyesight. Unfortunately, in this mode the PB-35 is practically useless as the usual fighting ranges exceed 600m and without aim assistance getting hits with this howitzer are rare. Exceptions are town fights, but CQC is nothing a lone KV-2 should indulge in. A case could be made to focus on the OF-530 HE shell on long ranges. Not to destroy the enemy, but to track them and then sent a nice and juicy G-530 AC shell afterwards. Do not forget: G-530 and OF-530 share the same ballistics, if one hits the other one is likely to hit in the same ''wide'' area.

===Counter-tactics===
'''Getting close''': Probably the most difficult part, if spotted a 40 kg shell with your name and address is coming for you. Thus sneaking up, or attacking from outside the KV-2's field of view is advised. Of course after the HE-trash-can has left the barrel a window of opportunity and hope will open up for you. With moving up and aiming two shots can be placed on the moving Soviet tower tank. An attack route from the side or rear is preferable, not only are you hidden, but the turret traverse is so awful on the KV-2 that it will not have the time to react fast enough. Just make sure to hit, or you are in a world of pain as soon™ as it tank gets its chassis traverse to speed.

[[File:Where to shoot KV-2 side and rear.jpg|x220px|framed|right|Blue = bad, Red = Shoot me!]]

'''Shooting''': Targets should be the gunner (right side) to stop the loading process (yes, weird mechanic) and the loader (left and right) to reduce loading time. If shooting HE filled AP shells two penetrating hits will often take out the gun breach as well, stopping reload and return fire ability entirely. The easiest way of performing these hits is via the turret ring which will always not be angled at certain parts from the front. If APHE shells hit below the side hull, it will possibly detonate the main storage of ammunition, resulting in an ammo rack detonation. If that is not the case the gunner, commander, cannon breech, loader, and ammunition and turret ring will be damaged or wounded.

Shooting a KV-2 from the side is much easier, just one massive turret reaching into the sky. But do not shoot anywhere! The tracks will often eat shots and most KV-2 drivers are by now smart enough to not fully load up their KV-2, leaving the rear turret empty of shells.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Huge howitzer, dealing high damage with incredible force
* Fear factor, the sight of this behemoth tends to send smaller tanks fleeing in terror
* Acceptable armour, especially for its rank
* Able to destroy higher rank tanks (although not advised)
* Bouncy hull and turret, the chassis may effectively absorb shots as well
* Many experienced tank drivers would dread the characteristic, map-echoing sound of the 152 mm howitzer being fired
* As is the case with all russian 152mm armed tanks, the kv2 can one shot any tank or tank destroyer in the game with a single HE shell to the turret or rear hull
* Has the armour of the KV-1 which will stop most Pz.III and Pre T-34-57 shots
* Has premium RP and SL rewards

'''Cons:'''

* Long reload, resulting in difficult 1-on-1 fights since missing gives the enemy an opportunity to destroy the KV-II
* Slow rotation speed of the turret means that flank attacks are difficult to respond to
* Tall turret is very vulnerable from the side and difficult to hide
* If more than 19 rounds loaded ammo racks in the side of the turret means that most penetrating shots to the side of the turret are lethal
* A characteristic trait of Soviet tanks, the KV-2 has terrible gun depression, worse when compared to other Soviet tanks
* Driver's viewport is a juicy weak spot, easily exploitable by experienced players
* Has a tendency, although a rare but dreaded occurrence, to overshoot targets at close range when using the sights
* Large silhouette

== History ==

===Development===
The start of the KV heavy tanks began after the heavy tank [[T-35]] flaws came to light. Designers were ordered to draw up new designs to become the basis of a breakthrough heavy tank needed for the Soviet doctrine. This made for a tank that was heavily armoured, but not very mobile as it was to be for siege warfare. The designs offered all had heavy armour, wide tracks, and used the torsion-bar suspension. The designs were the [[SMK]], T-100, and what would be the '''KV-1 tank''', which was named after the then Soviet Defense Commissar '''K'''liment '''V'''oroshilov.

During the developmental progress, the prototypes of all these heavy tanks were made and the Winter War with Finland was on its way. The Soviets sent these tanks into Finland for combat testing, to which the KV design outperform in every way with its superior armour and firepower. The armour on the KV tank was impenetrable by an tank cannon in service and most anti-tank guns as well, the 76.2 cannon also gave it a huge firepower boost compared to the usual 37 mm in use by other countries. However, the design was found to be difficult to steer, the transmission was unreliable, ergonomics was poor and vision was limited, plus with its 45 ton weight, it was a very heavy tank for its time. In truth, while formidable in power and protection, courageous crew member willing to curse the name would speak out about the trouble the KV tank really was. The main variant of production before World War II broke out was the '''[[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]]''' model.

===KV-2===
Despite its superiority on the battlefield, some observed that the KV-1's armament was not enough to destroy some of the Finnish fortifications that they encountered. For this, a request to mount a 152 mm howitzer on the KV-1 was made, and resulted in the '''KV-2''' with its extremely large turret and an increased weight of 52 tons. The KV-2 suffered from a very high profile, low speed, and was too turret heavy. Compared to the KV-1 height of about 9 feet, the KV-2 was at 11 ft. tall. The increased weight of the tank slowed it down drastically, and the very heavy turret mixed with a low-powered traverse speed meant that the KV-2 can only traverse on level ground, as a slope would cause the turret to start turning with gravity. The combat ineffectiveness and flaws of the KV-2 came to light, and was only put on limited production due to them, resulting in only about 334 units being produced from 1939 to 1941.

===Combat usage===
During the opening stages of Operation Barbarossa, the KV tanks came as a huge surprise from the Germans as they had no prior intel about these tanks, resulting in a lack of capable anti-tank weapons that could destroy these tanks aside from 88 mm Flak guns. The KV-2 served alongside the KV-1 in stalling the German Offensive to Moscow. During the Battle of Raseiniai, in Lithuania, a single KV-2 was able to hold up the entire 6th Panzer Divison for a full day by firing at them from a concealed location before it ran out of ammunition, ending with about two dozen tanks destroyed.

Due to the low quantity of KV-2 produced, they didn't see much service past the opening stages of the war due to loss from attrition or mechanical failures, however 10 were still in service with the Voronezh Front on 4 July 1943 for the Battle of Kursk. These were transferred to the 3rd Mech Corps on 9 July, and by 18 July only 1 was left serviceable - 5 were destroyed on 12 July, and 4 are recorded as being in repair from 13 July. <ref name="3rdMechKursk">[http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA360311 Link, open at your own discression!] Source provided by‎ user Stalins Organ. US Army Center for Strategy and Force Evaluation - detailed day-day analysis of formation strengths at Kursk - both sides. 12mb PDF download </ref>

===Survivors===
Only one KV-2 is left intact as a survivor of the war, it is housed at the Central Armed Forces Museum in Moscow.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

==References==
<references />

== Read also ==
[http://warthunder.com/en/news/3698-development-new-additions-to-the-kv-2-series-en/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> New additions to the KV-2 series] 

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany heavy tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

B5N2

2020-05-13T22:43:51Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=b5n2}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese naval bomber {{Battle-rating}}. This aircraft has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test in Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 361 || 348 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.3 || 20.6 || 2.6 || 4.0 || 270
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,600 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 400 || 378 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.6 || 19.4 || 12.1 || 6.5 || 270
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || 420 || ~11 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 320 || < 320 || < 350 || > 210
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,500 m || 950 hp || 1,081 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 (250 kg)|Navy Type 98 Number 25 (250 kg)|Navy Type Number 80 Model 1 (800 kg)|Navy Type 99 Number 80 AP (800 kg)}}
{{main|Type 91 Mod.2|Type 91 Mod.3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 ground bombs (360 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg Type 98 bombs (500 kg total)
* 1 x 800 kg Navy Type Number 80 Model 1 bomb (800 kg total)
* 1 x 800 kg Navy Type 99 Number 80 AP bomb (800 kg total)
* 1 x Type 91 Mod.2 torpedo
* 1 x Type 91 Mod.3 torpedo

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Type 92 navy (7.7 mm)|l1=Type 92 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 92 machine gun, dorsal gun turret (1,000 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==


The most important advantage in arcade is the ability to reload bombs and belts midair. This translates especially well with the B5N2.

It is advised against the 800 kg bombs because the H6K can carry twice as many in exactly the same games. Instead, focus on the enemy ships or pillboxes. Make quick diving attacks, and retreat to the safety of your team's fighters to reload. Staying as low as possible can be a viable strategy, as it is difficult to safely conduct a diving attack on an enemy hugging the trees. If limited to 60 kg of bombs, focus on enemy AAA.

Using the 250 kg bombs to destroy enemy ships, or the 60 kg bombs to target AAA, is the most helpful thing you can do for the team. Try to distract any enemy that comes after you, or lead them into the guns of your allies. Every minute an enemy is focused on you is a minute your allies don't have to deal with it. Use the environment to hide your approach. Hills, mountains, and clouds are all great tools to hide from enemy fighters or shield your approach on enemy AAA. If necessary, use the tail gunner to strafe light targets. Shoot any approaching fighter. They know you will probably fail, but they also know people can get lucky.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
|
| 17 3/4 in (mod45)
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| Turret 7 mm
| Improved torpedo
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
|
| 12 in (mod30)
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 7 mm MGs (Turret)
| 14 in (mod35)
|-
|}

* When upgrading this plane focus on getting the payload especially the torpedo modification. This is due to the high chance Japan has to get naval maps.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast and manoeuvrable (powered by Nakajima Sakae 11 14 Cylinder Radial, the same engine in the A6M)
* Excellent elevator and rudder authority
* Wide variety of bombs and torpedoes + bombsight for any kind of situation
* Self sealing fuel tanks; uncommon at low br and especially rare compared to other Japanese planes.

'''Cons:'''

* Poor roll rate
* No offensive armament
* Weak defence armament
* No armour or bulletproof glass to protect the pilot or crew
* Tremendous fuel load means this plane is prone to fuel tank fires especially any hits to the wing roots (where the fuel tanks are located)

== History ==

The Nakajima B5N2 (Allied code name: Kate) was a plane first flown in January 1937 for the Imperial Japanese Navy. About ~1149 Nakajima B5N Torpedo bombers were made for the Japanese Navy. It would see service in World war 2 and was the Japanese Navy's primary torpedo bomber for the early part of World war 2. The Nakajima B5N Torpedo bomber was credited with the sinking of three US Carriers the USS Lexington CV-2, USS Yorktown CV-6 and USS Hornet CV-8. One of the most notable pilot of the B5N is Mitsuo Fuchida, who led the first wave of aircraft during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

Although a total of 5,928 B5Ns were built, none survived the war. Two B5N's are know to exist, both made from wreckage's. One can be seen at the Pearl Harbor Memorial, it is missing it's tail, left wing, engine, canopy, and a few other parts.

=== In-game description ===
Before the advent of the B5N, Japan used the B2M and B4Y as torpedo biplanes. However, the significant limitations of biplanes were obvious, so in 1935, inspired by the monoplane A5M fighter, the Imperial Japanese Navy developed the 10-Shi torpedo bomber specification.

Nakajima and Mitsubishi participated in the competition. Nakajima decided to incorporate many new ideas in their B5N design. The prototype had a hydraulic wing-folding system so that the plane could be stored on an aircraft carrier, and Fowler flaps were used to improve stability while landing. In addition, the B5N had a hydraulic retractable landing gear system.

Although Mitsubishi also received an order for production of its own B5M torpedo bomber, the Nakajima model won the contest and in 1937 was accepted as a production model carrier-based torpedo bomber.

To create a production model, however, some changes had to be made in the prototype’s design. The wing-folding system was changed to a manual one, and the flaps were replaced with conventional ones.

In 1939, the B5N2 was developed. It differed from its predecessor in its more powerful and reliable Sakae engine, which produced 1000 hp instead of the Hikari 3’s 770.

At the beginning of World War II, the B5N torpedo series had no worthy competitors among Allied aircraft and made a great showing in the attack on Pearl Harbor, as well as in subsequent operations, where B5N forces sank four U.S. aircraft carriers within one year.

A total of 5,928 B5Ns were built.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan bombers}}

T95

2020-05-13T22:41:33Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_t95}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_T95GMC.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"]].

The T95 is good at providing support and dragging enemy fire. As of [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]], the T95 shares the HE-filled APCBC T13 shells, researchable at tier 1 modifications, giving it an incredible punch that puts it on par with the [[Jagdtiger]]. It is very well known for its amazing frontal armour, hard to penetrate for the majority of guns at its rank. Experienced enemy players are aware of the T95's downsides: one hit weak spots, poor top speed, long reload and they will subsequently use it against the ''mighty Doom Turtle''.

The T95 is a very heavy and slow TD, the main purpose of which is to hold and defend a tactical position or to lead a forward push, thereby giving allied vehicles the the chance to strike at the enemy, most likely distracted by the defying task of taking down the immensely armoured T95. 
Even with its great frontal armour, a few enemies can still destroy the T95 frontally by using HEAT ammo (e.g. [[M103|M103]]: 380 mm and [[SU-122-54]]: 400mm pen), or for any other tank starting with [[:Category:Third_rank_ground_vehicles|rank 3]] by hitting the two obvious weak spots.

To hide the weak spots, one should try to find a spot where the cupolas are at well hidden from the enemy, either by finding a favourable slope or a high place, thus angling the vehicle to a point where only the front armour plates are in the sights of the enemy. Staying out of range (+600 m) to deny easy hits, alternatively, is a simple yet still quite effective tactic. Whenever an object such as a pillar presents itself in a combat area, the T95 driver should cleverly place the driver's cupola behind it — as with any other vehicle, proper use of the terrain is of utmost importance.

Despite its bad top speed, the T95 has amazing traverse speed, making it quite hard for an enemy (even light tank) to flank. This is further enhanced with good lower side armour and well angled top side armour. The sides are around 210 mm total with spaced armour in the tracks, any shot that hits it using HE-filled rounds will often explode before penetration inside occurs.

Though the T95 is a walking shield (aside from the two weak spots), the tank is very situational due to its slow speed. It has advantages in smaller maps with narrow corridors, such as city-based maps, while it struggles in larger maps with hilly terrain due to its poor climbing ability.

Using the explosive-filled T13 shell (APCBC), the T95 can dispatch almost any tank it can penetrate in one go, given that the necessary conditions of detonation are present, i.e. the penetration of 20mm of armour and the total of 1.2m travelled — a lucky [[ASU-85]] could endure a hit from the side without the customary fate of disastrous explosion, but these rare moments shouldn't be expected by anyone versing the T95. Anyways, the 12.7mm machine gun does a fine job at disposing of such lightly armoured targets when the necessity arises.

The .50 calibre machine gun is mounted on the commander's cupola and manned by the very same, this heavy machine gun allows for decent anti-air fire arcs. Fire arcs are ~300° with a small dead spot to the rear and ~80° upwards, or rather for how much the camera allows for. If used freely and without constraint, the ammo will drain quickly. Some moderation is advised, given the lack of a co-axial MG for clearing bushes and fences. Clearing obstacles is the secondary armaments primary usage. Mostly due to the cannons low mounting height. Even small fences can obstruct the sight.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour
*Cast homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull basic || 305 mm (0-29°) ''Front'' 133.35 mm (60°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 152 mm bottom 63.5mm top|| 50.8 mm || 38.1 mm
|-
| Additional armour || 292.1 mm ''Mantlet'' 76.2 mm ''Cupolas'' 76.2 mm ''track guard'' || 76.2 - 101.6 mm ''lower track guard'' 63.5 mm ''upper outer track guard'' 25.4 mm ''upper inner track guard (drawer)'' || N/A || 38.1mm ''radiator cover'' 
|}

*Engine-crew-compartment wall is 25.4mm
*Plenty of attached ''rolled homogeneous'' accessory with 25.4mm
*25.4mm of belly armour at quite a big height off the ground. Therefore safe from 122mm cannons using HE between the tracks.
*20mm of ''structural steel'' for suspension and rollers. The track section is riddled with them

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 710|rbMinHp= 442|}}

== Armaments ==
[[File:T95 firing.jpg|thumbnail|right|In the ruins of the Berlin map this T95 wears the "Destruction" decal, unlockable for defeating 700 enemy tanks with US ground forces.]]
=== Main armament ===

{{main|T5E1 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[T5E1 (105 mm)|105 mm T5E1]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 62 || -5°/+19.5° || -10°/+11° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 5.95 || 8.20 || 10.00 || 11.10 || 11.80
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 5.95 || 7.00 || 8.50 || 9.40 || 10.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 20.02 || 17.71 || 16.32 || 15.40
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| T32 || APCBC || 258 || 248 || 218 || 190 || 178 || 155
|-
| T13 || APCBC || 219 || 217 || 207 || 193 || 181 || 171
|-
| T29E3 || APCR || 315 || 310 || 285 || 251 || 223 || 196
|-
| T30E1 || HE || 20 || 20 || 20 || 20 || 20 || 20
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| T32 || APCBC || 975 || 18 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T13 || APCBC || 899 || 19 || 1.2 || 20 || 177.38 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T29E3 || APCR || 1128 || 11 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| T30E1 || HE || 945 || 15 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 1,550 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

=====Shell types=====
'''T32 ''APBC''''' 
The stock shell and previously the only one ever needed, unless engaging in combat over 1,000 m distance. It features decent normalization and good penetration even at ~60°, unlike the T29E3 APCR. Only downfall is the 50% ricochet chance against ~60° angled armour plates, like the frontal plate of the [[T-54 (1947)|T-54s]], which the shell would otherwise easily penetrate up to 1,000 m range([[T-54 (1949)|mod. 1949]] & [[T-54 (1951)|mod. 1951]]). 
Post-penetration effects are meagre. No HE filler, therefore only spalling and direct impact cause damage. For ammo racks, the detonation chance is roughly 5-10%. A bit better for starting fires, though. Therefore focus on crew members and vital modules.

'''T29E3 ''APCR''''' 
+50 mm penetration on all ranges looks good on paper, but a further check reveals a great disadvantage. With greater armour angles the penetration quickly drops, even past the stock APBC shot! And as angled plates become very common in era IV, this shell can just be ignored. Exemption is on ranges '''exceeding 1,000 m.''' Pack extra for expected long-range sniper duels. 
Additionally, the post-penetration effects are small and angle normalization does not happen upon impact. Direct hits on ammo racks have a small chance to cause an explosion like the APBC. Focus fire on crewmen and important modules!

'''T30E1 ''HE''''' 
Despite the calibre the HE is worse than similar calibres found on [[Tiger II (10.5 cm Kw.K)|King Tiger's]] [[KwK L/68 (105 mm)|105 mm]] and [[D-10S (100 mm)|D-10 cannon]], even less than on [[M3A1 (90 mm)|90 mm cannons]] on the [[M46|Patton]]'s. Damage against common [[:Category:Anti-aircraft_vehicles|SPAA]] is therefore unsatisfactory and the roof mounted [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|M2HB Browning]] heavy machine gun is the better weapon of choice.

'''T13 ''APCBC''''' 
This should be the go-to ammunition with the T95, at any range. While it sacrifices some penetration (about 40mm at many ranges when compared to the T32 APBC), it has a HE filler. This allows this shell to one-shot almost anything it penetrates. It has massive post-penetration damage, and this is why the sacrifice of raw penetration is worth it. Despite the lower penetration, with proper aiming, the T13 shot can penetrate any tank it sees. When fighting King Tigers, simply aim for the turret faces (right side preferably) and lower glacis. When fighting T-44s and T-55s, aim for the turret faces, to the left and right of the gun, or the cupola if close enough to consistently hit. When fighting another heavy TD like the Jadgtiger, simply aim for the lower glacis, while it will rarely be a one-shot like this, it will immobilize him, and allow the leisure of finishing it off at an opportune time. Tanks like the IS-3 and T-10 are one of the greatest challenges for this shot, as their pike fronts are usually strong enough to bounce it if they are facing the T95. To defeat them aim for the area right at the top of the pike and below the gun, though this can be challenging. The cupola is again a valid target for pike front soviet heavies if close enough. To destroy an IS-6 frontally, aim for turret front, cupolas, or right under the gun where the shot can bounce down into the hull. While on paper, this shot lacks the penetration to penetrate the front of the Maus turret, it can actually penetrate it due to the armour penalty that the Maus has, which makes its armour weaker. Most other tanks can simply be shot centre of mass.

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_T28GMC.png|right|thumbnail|Ammo racks of the T28.|300px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Ammo Part
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''62''' || style="text-align:right" | ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 57 ''(+5)'' 52 ''(+10)'' || 47 ''(+15)'' 41 ''(+21)'' || 42 ''(+20)'' 36 ''(+26)'' || 37 ''(+25)'' 31 ''(+31)'' || 31 ''(+31)'' 25 ''(+37)'' || 25 ''(+37)'' 19 ''(+43)'' || 19 ''(+43)'' 13 ''(+49)'' || 13 ''(+49)'' 7 ''(+55)'' || 7 ''(+55)'' 1 ''(+61)'' || 1 ''(+61)''   || style="text-align:center" |Yes: Rack 2 holds 10 instead of 11 shells Right upper rear rack (x) currently never depletes
|-
|}

20 rounds are enough for [[:Category:Game_modes|AB]]

30 rounds are enough for [[:Category:Game_modes|RB]]/[[:Category:Game_modes|SB]]

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,000 (200) || 577 || -10°/+70° || ±140°
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

With this in mind let us talk about the need for speed:

The Doom Turtle is slow. Very slow. To be exact the slowest vehicle in-game, if we exclude a [[F-86F-2|F-86F]] without the engines running.

For tactics, we must rather think of strategy: It may only reach one specific point through an entire match, so make sure the T95 is actually needed at that point or all that will be spent is digital gasoline.

Study the map and look for choke points, places of fierce narrow fielded conflict. Points were fighting will always take place.

There are two main playstyles: '''Support''' and '''CHARGE!!!'''. Playstyle does not really change with the game modes, they can be universally used.

=====Support=====
The biggest problem of the Doom Turtle is the weak spots, undermining the trade-off speed for armour. However, if the T95 stays beyond decent accuracy (+500 m), or gain height advantage and use gun depression, then the weak spots are no longer accessible. Do not mistake this with a sniper role! The average range should be 400m to 800m. Stay with the team, the T95 is their shield. Be a classic ''tank'' in RPG sense. If the situation is about to grind down and come to hold, change to the '''CHARGE!!!''' strategy (see below).

The main task is to provide fire assistance since the cannon is not made to take out tanks and features a long reload, disabling enemy tanks with engine hits is the priority. Further, draw the enemies attention to the T95. Force foes into sniper duels. Every shot at the T95 is one away from an ally. To enhance this sit in an exposed position and attack enemies with the machine gun. Make them shoot at the T95. Once using the T13 shell, the disabling shots the T32 made will turn into nasty shots with post-penetration damages.

Good places to go for are where the heavy tanks would rush to fight with their armour. Or spots medium tanks use but do not hide in the cover, leave it open for the allied medium tanks. Their support is essential to enhance the T95 own's slow firing rate. Playing driving cover/pillbox is also something to consider under these circumstances.

=====Charge=====
[[File:T95 - putting up pressure.jpg|thumbnail|'''CHARGE!!!''' Although going this close is ill-advised, as for enemy tanks can have better reverse speeds than the T95 can drive forwards. Not to mention the cupola weak spots becomes an easy target. '' However!'' The T95 is putting pressure on and places the opponent under stress. Psychological effects should not be underestimated. In this case, the [[Tiger II (10.5 cm Kw.K)|Kingtiger 105]] got stuck on the rubble pile and is further blocking his allied [[IS-4M]] the sight. Reversing now allows for a free shot into the Tigers transmission, locking him in place.]]
The following tactic goes against anything one would expect with the above and described the tank's issues. While it sounds easy, there must be put a lot of thought into it to succeed.

Press and hold "W" and click "Mouse button 1" once in a while. It, in theory, will get the T95 heavily damaged or even destroyed, but in practice, a 86 tonnes vehicle is determined to steamroll everything in its path . . . and everyone gets scared, panicked even. An example can be seen in the screenshot on the right

But which place to charge through like the Light Brigade? The goal of this attack is to push the team out of camping positions and draw selected enemy's fire onto the T95. Long narrow sections with decent cover left and right is good places. Other places would be on the edge of the map and come in from an angle, limiting the foes attack front to only <100°. Having on to worry about only one side armour section allows for good angling opportunities. On Poland, the northern town's part in domination is a good example of this. The northern side is usually clear and south are only has got a few spots where fire can hit the side, make sure to turn south at those spots to further improve the south facing side armour via armour angling. 
Next step ones close enough is to capture the control point and/or keep advancing into the enemy to dig them out. 
Now, once the position is secured, the strategy can be changed to a Support role (see above), or go sneaky and hide around a corner.

Main difference to support is the change of module targets: Gun breech and gunner are to priorities, as this close up the T95's weak spots are very easy to hit. Further keep spamming the machine gun, to cloud the foe's sight and make them focus on the T95, helping the allies (who hopefully followed) to take them out.

[[File:T95 EasternEurope.jpg|thumbnail|left|Although a '''''stationary''''' tank destroyer, this does not mean to remain immobile! Keep changing position after some shots and be aware of the surroundings — otherwise, the T95 turns into one of those craters.]]

Sitting at an uneasy spot with 7.0 in AB and 6.7 in RB/SB, facing off Rank 5 vehicles and a variety of WW2 vehicles. All vehicles can penetrate the upper side armour and the weak spots. Therefore all medium vehicles are dangerous and their engines should be disabled ASAP. 
Foes able to frontally penetrate the T95 are labelled red. 
As only solid shot ammo is available, specific modules must be a target. Generally: Medium tanks - Engine; Heavy tanks - Cannon breech, crew; TDs - Crew compartment, gunner;

* Tank destroyers/☠[[SU-122-54]]: Except for the Jagdtiger all TDs should be shot at their gunner position to disable at least two crewmen.
*[[IS-3]]: Pike is difficult to get through. Try to disable the cannon, or wait for him to angle the tank wrong to shoot through the pike. Otherwise, with only 4 crewmen keep disabling them one by one.
*☠[[T-10M]]: Same as IS-3.
*[[IS-4M]]: The drives hatch is hard to get through with the tiny hole behind the additional armour. More favourable is the lower plate. The same as for the IS-3 applies.
*T-54s & ☠[[T-54 (1951)|mod.51]]: All can be penetrated through the turret front (left and right of gun mantlet) from closer than 500m. Except for the [[T-54 (1947)|mod.47]], the glacis plate may also be targeted, if it is straight pointed at the T95. Target either the engine or the ammorack+fuel tank at the front (chance to set if off is slim though).
*[[T-44]]: Turret can be very trolly, but is the best way to avoid return fire. Engine and crew are again good targets.
*[[Tiger II (H)|Kingtiger]]: Right turret cheek to disable the gunner, alternatively the lower glacis to get the transmission.
*[[Maus|Maus]]: Given its height, the T95's weak spot is very easy to hit. Disable the gunner via a shot in the right turret cheek. If closer than 1000m, retreat before he can man the cannon again.
*[[Jagdtiger|Jagdtiger]]: A tough nut, plus 250mm of raw and sloped armour disables APBC and APCR shells. Thankfully the lower plate is a good place to shoot. Make sure to hit at a good flat angle, as the APBC likes to bounce.
*☠[[Leopard I|Leopard]]: Shoot anywhere at the front, but do so quickly, as a good player can shoot and very quickly destroy the T95. Yet, due to the low armour thickness, the shrapnel damage inflicted is great and may even one shot it.
*☠[[M103|M103]]: Try to shoot into the turret trap (lower gun mantlet) or the turrets cheeks. Try to disable the cannon, breech and crew men.
*[[Panther_F|Panthers]]/[[M26|Pershing]]/[[M46|M46]]: Entire front is penetrable. Shooting the upper glacis and into the engine through the fighting compartment will deal decent damage.
*☠[[M47|M47]]: Don't shoot the upper glacis, more preferably the turret. Engine and gun breech are good targets to start with
*☠[[M60|M60]]: Lots of sloped armour. Frontally, the commander's hatch can be hit quite easily, but this fight should be avoided at all costs. Basically an up-armoured Leopard.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="2" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|T13
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|T29E3
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|
|
|-
|}
After Parts and FPE, priority research targets for this tank should be mobility upgrades and the T13 APCBC explosive-filled shell.

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:T95 vs KingTiger Comparison.jpg|thumbnail|right|T95 and [[Tiger II (H)|Kingtiger]] height comparison. The T95 is as tall as the Tiger's chassis and with similar hull length. The Kingtiger is one of the taller vehicles.]]
'''Pros:'''

* Extremely tough armour; 300 mm of frontal armour, and very strong sides thanks to the massive tracks
* Massive gun mantlet
* Four sets of very strong tracks that are very difficult to destroy
* The four sets of tracks gives this tank incredible hull traverse that rivals most light tanks
* Very resilient to bombs, rockets, and HE shells
* Of of the few turretless TD's that has really nice reactive manoeuvrability; flanking this tank is not a guaranteed win
* Mounts the same impressive 105 mm found on the T28 and T29, firing extremely powerful APHE shell
* Roof-mounted .50 cal machine gun; can actually defend its self against attacking aircraft

'''Cons:'''

* The single slowest tank in the game, with very little potential of fleeing or even reaching an objective on time
* A prime target to many aircraft attacks thanks to its terrible top speed
* Always expect to get bombed
* Armour still stands no chance against APDS and HEAT ammunition
* Gun mantlet isn't as good as the Jagdtiger's, with HEAT and close-range APDS shots able to go through the mantlet and destroy the breach
* Same gun as the T29, but has a much slower rate of fire
* The side armour above the tracks is weakly armoured and lined with ammo
* The driver can be knocked out due to shots to the top left cupola
* Some maps, especially large ones, are just unplayable, thanks to how slow this tank is
* Speed results in you only getting 1 kill per game, and don't be surprised when you don't get anything

== History ==

===Development===
Years before the invasion of Normandy, there were men among the Allied planners worrying about the heavily-defended fortification lines such as the Siegfried Line blocking the path from France to Germany. One of the proposed methods was to develop extremely heavily armoured vehicles capable of destroying any fortification it comes across and any resistance the German had. Britain and America both worked on this project in order to develop these super-heavy tanks.

The American solution was a vehicle that would be called the '''T28 Heavy Tank''' and work began on such vehicle in September 1943. The initial vehicle concept called for a casemate design with a [[T5E1_(105_mm)|105mm T5 gun]], which was evaluated to be "extremely effective at reducing heavy fortifications". The only other armament on the vehicle would be a .50 cal machine gun for use by the commander. The armour on the design was 203 mm at first, but in January 1945 the head of Ordnance worried about the effect of German APCR ammunition, and so the already significant armour was upped to an astounding 305mm thick frontal armour, at the increase of weight to 95 tons. The vehicle's electric drive was a carryover from the [[M6A1|M6]] and T23 tank, with the engine the same from the [[M26|M26 Pershing]] (which was the same as the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3 Sherman]]). The heavyweight with the underpowered engine allowed the T28 to reach a whopping 8 miles per hour speed. To carry this design, the vehicle had four sets of tracks, two on each side, 328mm wide each in order to lower ground pressure. For transport, the extra set of tracks on the sides can be removed to make the vehicle thinner (4.55m to 3.15m) for easier transport, but raising ground pressure (0.82kg/cm2 to 1.14kg/cm2) and reducing armour since the detached track sets comes with 102 mm skirt armour.<ref name="EstesHeavyTanks">Estes Kenneth W. ''Super-heavy Tanks of World War II'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2014</ref>

The T28 heavy tank continued with the development and in March 1944, the U.S. Army gave it the name and also placed an order for five pilot models for testings. In March 1945, Ordnance then renamed the T28 into the '''[[T95|105 mm Gun Motor Carriage T95]]''' due to the lack of turret for a "tank" and any regular secondary armaments. Then, in June 1946, the vehicle was renamed again to the '''[[T29|Super Heavy Tank T28]]''' due to the United States construction of self-propelled guns being lightly armoured, in order to distinguish it as a radically different design than simply a "tank destroyer". Today, the T95 and T28 naming are both used to title this vehicle.<ref name="EstesHeavyTanks" />

[[File:T28 Front Quarter.jpg|thumbnail|right|Front three-quarter view of the T28 at the Patton Museum. T28 Super Heavy Tank - no longer on exhibit as it has been prepared to move to Fort Benning GA.]]

===Procurement and deployment===
The five pilot models requested by the U.S. Army had Ordnance look for a manufacturer to produce these vehicles. The war effort had made many prominent manufacturers busy with pre-existing orders. The Pacific Car and Foundry Company were then contracted to produce the design, with production starting in March 1945. The complete tank design was finished by August 1945, by this time the war had already ended in Europe three months ago. Efforts continued on the tank until the surrender of Japan in September, ending World War II. The post-war cutbacks led to the request for five tanks lowered to just two. The first T28 prototypes appeared in Aberdeen Proving Grounds on 21 December 1945, with the second arriving on 10 January 1946. These two prototype tanks went through evaluations at Aberdeen and Yuma Proving Grounds, mostly for engineering tests to check the durability of the components used. The second prototype model caught an engine fire in Yuma and had to be scrapped. The T28 project finally ended in October 1947 when development for such heavy vehicles stopped. Records on the sole T28 prototype ended afterwards, many assumed the vehicle was destroyed or scrapped.<ref name="EstesHeavyTanks" />

In 1974, the sole remaining T28/T95 prototype was found in the fields behind Fort Belvoir, Virginia by a wanderer, rumoured to be a farmer out hunting or a lieutenant conducting inventory inspection. To this day, no one is certain how the T28 tank was left abandoned in the fields or what happened during the years in absence. It was moved to the Fort Knox, Kentucky to be displayed in the Patton Museum of Cavalry and Armor. Today, its resting place is in the National Armor and Cavalry Museum in Fort Benning, Georgia.<ref name="EstesHeavyTanks" />

===Legacy===
In the end, the super heavy tanks designs made by the Americans (T28) and the British ([[Tortoise|Tortoise]]) only proved that such needs for tanks were unnecessary. The Siegfried Line and other such fortifications were taken out by use of the standard issued medium tanks such as the [[M4|M4 Shermans]], proving that affordable, mass-produced vehicles could dominate the modern battlefield. The super heavy tanks were also a strain on battle operations, as one of the most pressing questions during the development of the super-heavy tanks were on just how to get the tanks across the ocean to Europe and supply them with the fuel and ammo. The only positive note that these heavy tanks provided was that it showed the true extent of American and British industrial capabilities, being able to produce these massive monsters.

=== In-game description ===
A heavy assault tank developed on the basis of research conducted by the armament department. It was designed to break through well-fortified positions. Two models were built and underwent testing between 1945 and 1947. A new 105mm gun was attached to the base, allowing the tank to fight against fortifications. However, the project was eventually determined to be unrealistic.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23t95 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the T-95 from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|tt_oGX4_ORg|Gameplay footage: "'''T-95 V Normandy - (1080p)'''" by DodgerRoger|3NLhMpMywKE|Overview & introduction: "'''T95 Tank Review'''" by ''CornyBros''|7AZJOj38heg|Comedy: "'''T95 vs Jagdtiger'''"(Sort of) by ''Fabulous shepArd''}}

==References==
<references />

== Read also ==

*[http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/243508-tales-of-the-doom-turtle-%E2%80%93-the-blog/ WT Forum T95 Blog: "''Astonishing and amazing 'Tales of the Doom turtle!' – The blog''"]
*[https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/767/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> T28 and T95] 

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA tank destroyers}}

Ersatz M10

2020-05-13T22:38:38Z

U88392144: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_pzkpfw_V_ersatz_m10}}
{{About
|about = mocked up German Panther tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = other vehicles of the family
|link = Panther tank (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_ErsatzM10Panther.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift Rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]] in the 2017 "Festive Quest" that took place between 22 December 2017 to 22 January 2018. It was obtained via completing 13 tanker's Christmas toys.

The Ersatz M10, built on the purpose of mimicking the American [[M10 GMC|M10 tank destroyer]], will present external features to fit this purpose. Performance-wise the Ersatz M10 has the standard Panther's high-power 75 mm KwK 42 gun with the armour layout of the [[Panther G|Ausf. G]], but the automotive power of the [[Panther A|Ausf. A]]. The Ersatz M10 has a steel structure around the base armour that transforms the outside look into a mimicry of the American M10 tank destroyer. The Ersatz's gun mantlet is curved shape like on the Panther A and [[Panther D|D]] instead of the "chin" version on the Ausf. G. One of the customizable camouflage "Ersatz M10 Panther" is extremely sly by adding American markings on the tank without the usage of decal slots, with a white star and circle on the front hull, turret sides, and roof, as well as miscellaneous unit marking of the US 5th Armored Division, 10th Tank Battalion.

The front of the Ersatz "M10" has been mocked up to look like the front slope of the M10 with its transmission housing. The hull machine gun cover on the armour cover is off, showing the machine gun that the M10 did not have, perhaps one of the most noteworthy feature from the front view distinguishing the Ersatz Panther from the M10. The features on the side is the best way to tell the Panther apart with with the wheels, of which the Panther presents the ''Schachtellaufwerk'' interleaved wheel suspension instead of the M10 bogie suspensions. Otherwise, the sloped side armour and the steel structure hanging off the edge looks the part of the M10. The Panther is also a good length longer than the M10 hull. The hull rear is also well disguised with the Panther's distinctive rear slope in the armour covered by a steel structure, the only feature noticeable is the engine exhausts coming out the top of the hull structure rather than from the bottom.

The Ersatz "M10" turret is also a good indicator in distinguishing the M10 from this Panther mock up. The only similar layout to the M10 on the Ersatz is the gun mantlet, with its prism shape, though it is a lot wider and smaller than the American's M10. Even then, a hole on the Ersatz's gun's right side is a giveaway as this is the hole for a coaxial machine gun, something that the M10 did not have. The Ersatz's turret sides is added on with flat steel structure to imitate the M10's welded turret side, but the Ersatz "M10" sides are long flat plates while the M10's turret are distinctively pentagonal shape. The turret rear is then a big giveaway as exposed bits on the Ersatz's steel structure shows the Panther's turret with its rear loader hatch. As such, even though the hull rear may be immaculately matching, the turret rear is not. Finally, the presence of a turret roof is another giveaway as the M10 has no turret roof. A method the German used to hide this fact from a ground level view is the removal of the Panther cupola, decreasing the Ersatz's profile somewhat.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour
*Structural steel (Ersatz)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 80 + 3.5 mm (55°) ''Front glacis'' 50 + 7 mm (56°) ''Lower glacis'' || 50 mm (30°) ''Top'' 41.5 + 3.5 mm ''Lower'' || 40 + 3.5 mm (24°) || 17 mm
|-
| Turret || 100 + 3.5 mm ''Turret front'' 100-120 + 3.5 mm ''Gun mantlet''|| 45 + 3.5 mm || 45 + 3.5 mm || 15 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspensions wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Wheels are interleaved and can provide layered 20 mm armour.
* Belly armour front part is 18 mm thick while the back part is 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1085|rbMinHp= 619|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|KwK 42 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[KwK 42 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK 42]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 82 || -8°/+20° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 11.90 || 16.50 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 11.90 || 14.00 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 9.60 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| PzGr 39/42 || APCBC ||191||188||173||156||140||126
|-
| Sprgr. 42 || HE ||11||11||11||11||11|| 11
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| PzGr 39/42 || APCBC || 935 || 6.8 || 1.2 || 25.0 || 28.9 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Sprgr. 42 || HE || 700 || 5.7 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 725 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''82''' || 74 ''(+8)'' || 65 ''(+17)'' || 57 ''(+25)'' || 49 ''(+33)'' || 41 ''(+41)'' || 33 ''(+49)'' || 25 ''(+57)'' || 17 ''(+65)'' ||9 ''(+73)'' || 1 ''(+81)'' || style="text-align:center" | Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG 34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MG 34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG 34]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (150) || 900 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Ersatz M10 can be played by its mobility or its firepower, along with its frontal armour, in a movement battle or a sniping battle. Both actions can be interleaved for a flexible fighting style on the battlefield.

'''Movement''' 
The Ersatz M10's basis of a Panther has a rather high top speed for its weight, along with its stable suspension, and so it can be used to get towards locations not typically expected of a vehicle of its calibre. It can be decided to move up to the direct front of the fighting or the flank locations.

Moving up front favors an assault/brawling style of fighting and so the mobility, armour, and firepower is emphasized to resist surprise encounters in the front and take down defenses quickly and efficiently. A benefit the Ersatz has over its fellow BR 5.7 [[Panther D|Panther D]] is its fast turret traverse, making reactions to enemies much faster. Make sure allies are present as the Ersatz's side armour are very weak to enemy flanking fire and the relatively slow reload rate would desire an additional gun to protect the Ersatz during these down times. Be very cautious when moving up in enemy territory as the Ersatz's poor reverse speed will make extraction from a dangerous situation nigh-impossible, with the more preferable action being a fighting last stand in the worst case scenario.

An Ersatz moving through the flanks will put it into a prime location for sniping fire away from enemy focus, while utilizing distance as a secondary protection against enemy fire, which could lose enough penetration to not go through the front glacis.

'''Firepower''' 
The Ersatz's 75 mm gun is powerful enough to use in a sniping manner, with a small shell drop-off by distance that gives range estimation a smaller margin of error. As such, while the allies push up towards an objective, the Ersatz can stand back in an overwatch position and look out for enemy tanks that are approaching. The Ersatz can then use its long reach to attack these enemies as they are more focused on allies than the far-off Ersatz. Even in cases when the 75 mm will not penetrate, it can provide cover fire so that the enemy would not risk moving in fear of being nailed by a high-velocity 75 mm shell. Standing far would also be able to make the most of the front armour with the aformentioned penetration drop by distance. However, beware that the enemies would then try to target the turret and knock out the gun or turret crew.

There are a number of vehicles to take caution of in enemy sides.

'''Americans''' 
At its BR, the American mediums of M4 Shermans are not too hard to defeat, but the 76 mm guns are powerful enough to penetrate the turret front through the flat sections or the gun mantlet. The [[M4A3E2 (76) W|M4A3E2 (76) Jumbo]] can resist the 75 mm from the front, but weak points like the transmission, machine gun port, and hull sides are targets to shoot to destroy. The M18 Hellcat is a definite worry as their fast speed and play style would favor attacking the Panther on its flanks. It would also have access to the APCR ammunition which can increase its lethality if the enemy player knows how to use them. At higher BR, the American heavies of [[T29|T29]] and [[T34|T34]] are of higher concerns due to their great front armour and high firepower that can penetrate through the Ersatz's front armour. Without access to APCR ammunition, the Ersatz can't exploit the flat gun mantlet on those two heavy tanks, resorting to very clever placements in the turret with the default APCBC or the front lower glacis for a frontal encounter.

'''British''' 
Any British tank that fires APDS can penetrate the upper glacis. The 17 pounder can sometimes go through the lower glacis at shorter ranges too. Any standard AP or APHE shell of a caliber above the 80-90mm range (aka 100mm and above) will penetrate the {{PAGENAME}} anywhere frontally.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Excellent mobility and top speed.
* Fantastic 75mm gun. Has great accuracy, fire rate, penetration, and damage potential.
* Unlike the [[Panther D|Panther D,]] this tank has a really good turret traverse speed.
* Strong frontal armor.
* Has an additional 3.5 mm of spaced armor encasing the entire tank.
* Additional steel plates can screen the prominent turret weak points from easy targeting by the enemy
* The removal of the commander's cupola removes a potential weak spot when going hull-down.
* Is flat out superior to the standard Panther D despite being at the same BR.

'''Cons:'''

* Still suffers from the terrible reverse speed of normal Panthers
* Even with the additional armour plating, the side armour is still incredibly thin
* Doesn't have access to APCR rounds
* Massive size for a vehicle designed to mimic an M10. Smart sim players will easily be able to tell the two apart
* Not within the matchmaking range of the actual M10, hard to mimic a tank which is not in the match
* If you're playing in arcade battles, the extra panels on the tank making it look like an M10 are practically useless
* The extra panels don't do that great of a job at recreating the same of an M10

== History ==

===Operation Griffin===
During the planning of ''Unternehmen Wacht am Rein'' (Operation Watch on the Rhine) in late 1944, the battle plan for the offensive that would later become famous as the "Battle of the Bulge", SS-Obersturmbannführer Otto Skorzeny, an SS commando most famous for his break-out of Benito Mussolini from Allied captivity in September of 1943, came up with a plan to sabotage Allied forces by infiltrating their ranks with men disguised as American and British soldiers equipped with captured Allied weapons, vehicles and equipment to cause mass confusion and paranoia behind Allied lines. The plan was approved immediately, and given the code name "''Unternehmen Greif'' (Operation Griffin).

Part of this plan included the formation of Panzer Brigade 150, a unit formed from all branches of the German armed forces. Originally, the request was made for fifteen tanks, twenty armored cars, one hundred jeeps, forty motorcycles and one hundred and twenty trucks, along with 3,000 men and enough British and American weapons and uniforms to outfit them all.

Almost immediately, however, problems arose during the planning stage. First, Skorzeny had only five or six weeks to plan the operation, which limited his available forces and material considerably. Second, of the 3,000 men requested, only 2,500 men could be provided. Of that number, less than ten of them could convincingly speak English, the vast majority having only basic education in English through primary school classes, which they spoke with German accents and with no knowledge of British or American idioms or slang. Finally, there were numerous problems with equipment. Attacks on German rail lines meant that most of the requested equipment would be delayed until well past the deadline for the start of the operation, which greatly limited available supply of Allied material. Of the fifteen tanks requested, only two Shermans in poor condition could be found in time, and far fewer numbers of armored cars, jeeps and trucks were sent to the brigade than the plan had originally called for. Communication problems had also caused Polish and Russian equipment to get sent to the brigade, which would be useless for infiltrating American and British lines.

One of the ways which the Germans made up for the lack of suitable Allied tanks was to disguise Panther tanks as M10 tank destroyers by removing their tall commander's cupolas with a flat two-piece hatch, applying sheets of thin angled metal to their hulls and turrets, painting them OD green and giving them U.S military identification marks, though nothing could be done about the Schachtellaufwerk suspension, which looked nothing like the VVSS system of the M10, the muzzle brake, which was needed to fire safely and did not appear on the M10 except for the British 17-pounder armed Achilles. These "Ersatz M10's" were intended to look convincing from a distance, allowing them to get in close and strike Allied targets before they could react. The Germans planned to get around the inevitable problem of friendly fire by having the tanks signal their true identities to friendly forces in a number of ways. These included keeping their guns aimed in the 9 o'clock position, the commanders and crew wearing colored scarves or removing their helmets, and identifying markers on the tanks themselves such as a yellow triangle, and flashing blue or red torch lights for identification at night.

Despite these numerous problems with material and manpower, ''Unternehmen Greif'' would proceed as scheduled on the 16th of December, 1944.

===The Battle of Malmedy===
The initial plan for the Ersatz M10's along with the rest of Panzer Brigade 150 was to advance behind the 1st SS Panzer Division, the 12th SS Panzer Division and the 12th Volksgrenadier Division until they reached the High Fens, a heavily forested plateau. At that point, they would move around the divisions and split into three units, with the aim of going behind enemy lines and attacking and holding the bridges over the Meuse river at Amay, Huy and Andenne before they could be destroyed by the Allies to halt the German advance.

However, for Panzer Brigade 150, ''Unternehmen Greif'' effectively ended before it even started. Massive traffic jams had formed during the initial stages of the battle, holding up the entire German offensive. Among these, the 1st Panzer Brigade was delayed and did not arrive in the assembly area for over two days, which meant that Panzer Brigade 150 was delayed from its objectives as well. Skorzeny realized that he no longer had the time required to complete his objectives and rather than continue with the doomed plan, he requested that his forces be used as a regular fighting force and used to take the town of Malmedy.

After several attempts to take the town, the Brigade was repelled by American forces and suffered heavy losses from American artillery strikes. Skorzeny was one of the battle's casualties, wounded by shrapnel from an artillery shell. One American soldier, Private Frances S. Currey of the 120th Infantry Division, would later receive the Congressional Medal of Honor for knocking out four of tanks with bazooka fire and anti-tank grenades, including at least one of these disguised Panthers, rescuing five of his comrades in the process. This would be the Germans only attempt at taking the town, and Panzer Brigade 150 would later be relieved, disbanded and replaced by the 18th Volksgrenadier Division on the 28th of December.

Despite Panzer Brigade 150's failure to achieve its objectives, the overall objective of ''Unternehmen Greif'' succeeded to a limited degree. Paranoia among Allied troops led to numerous friendly fire incidents, and false information by a captured commando of a plot to assassinate Supreme Allied Commander Eisenhower in Paris led to his brief confinement. Ultimately, however, this confusion and paranoia had little overall effect on the battle. Numerous damaged and abandoned Ersatz M10's were captured after the Battle of Malmedy and were evaluated by Allied intelligence. No records of what happened to these disguised tanks are available, though it can be reasonably assumed that the tanks were scrapped after their evaluations by the Allies, and no examples are known to have survived to the present day.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://www.warthunder.com/en/news/5223/current [News<nowiki>]</nowiki> Panther Ersatz M10: Master of Sabotage]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}
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