War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

P-63A-5 (USSR)

2020-01-17T18:49:55Z

U87547994: /* Pros and cons */ , sirviability weponary

{{Specs-Card
|code=p-63a-5_ussr
|cockpit=332117/1100893
}}
{{About
| about = premium Russian fighter '''{{Specs|name}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = P-63 (Family)
}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_P-63A-5_USSR.jpg|420px|thumb|left|The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' in the garage]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} premium Russian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This aircraft has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.29. It costs 1,600 Golden Eagles.
== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 38mm Bulletproof glass
* between pilot and cannon sits a 19mm steel plate and also 2 x 15.8mm steel plates covering pilots legs
* Behind pilots head and shoulders is a 12.7mm steel plate and there's also 12.7mm steel plate in the tail behind engine.
* Tanks are located in the wings
* Critical components such as engine and oil radiators are in the rear behind the pilot

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===


4x 12mm M2 Browning MGs(1040 rounds)

1x 37mm M4 cannon(30 rounds)

      ''Main article: '''[[:Category:Suspended armaments|Bombs]]'''''-->

Has acces to instalation of 1x500lb bomb


No deffensive armament

== Usage in the battles ==
The best way to play this plane is to quickly climb into altitude around 4-6000 meters and try to hunt down some bombers with the 37mm cannonafter that use that energy advantage and play Boom and Zoom against lower planes.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12mm
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12mm MGs
|FMBC Mk.1
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 37mm
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 37mm cannon
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

Decenly maneuverable.

Hard hitting 37mm cannon.

4x 50.calls.

Good climb rate and energy retention

can devastate bombers with just a 1 or 2 good hits.

*

'''Cons:'''

Cannon has only 30 rounds.

Does not ave acces to the famous USA's APIT tracers, however the stealth belt is not bad either.

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''

=== In-game description ===
"Bell P-63A-1/A-5 (Model 33) Kingcobra Army Fighter

A single-seat, closed-canopy, all-metal monoplane fighter with retractable landing gear and a nose strut. The P-63 Kingcobra was developed as an improved version of the P-39 Airacobra and had a similar layout, with the engine located just behind the cockpit.
Work on the plane, originally designated the XP-39E, began in February 1941. The first prototype, designated XP-63, flew on December 7, 1942, and production of the P-63A-1 (Model 33) began in October 1943, along with the P-39.

The general layout of the P-39 Kingcobra was preserved, but the P-63 featured new, streamlined wings. In order to remedy the P-39's main weakness, a propensity to falling into a flat spin, the area of the vertical tail fin was increased and the aft section of the fuselage was lengthened.

The first production models were equipped with a V-12 liquid-cooled Allison V-1710-93 engine (1325 hp). The aircraft was armed with a Colt-Browning M4 37mm machine gun with 30 rounds and 2 synchronous Colt-Browning M2.5 12.7mm machine guns with 270 rounds per gun. An additional two M2.5s with 250 rounds each were placed in the wing compartments.

Aircraft of both series (except some A-1 planes) were fitted with a ventral pylon which could hold a fuel tank of 75 gallons (284 liters) or one 500-lb (227-kg) bomb.

The aircraft was continually tweaked from one production run to the next, improving its ability to support troops on the field. However, the differences between the A-1 and the A-5 were only slight. The most significant difference, though not a visible one, was the increase in armor from 40 kilograms to 81. 50 P-63A-1 and 20 P-63A-5 planes were produced.

The Red Army became the main consumers of the P-63A. Deliveries to the Soviet Union began in the summer of 1944, via Alaska and the Northwest Staging Route. The P-63A began to support Soviet anti-aircraft operations in the spring of 1945.

The Soviet version of the P-63A differed from the American in one important feature: the presence of a crank to start the engine. In addition, the Soviets equipped the plane with FAB-100 and FAB-250 bombs under the fuselage."

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Bell}}
{{USSR fighters}}

Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop

2020-01-16T15:33:20Z

U87547994: pros

{{Specs-Card|code=hurricanemkii}}
{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Hurricane (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Hurricane_Mk_IIB_Trop.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This aircraft has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The aircraft can fulfil two roles once its suspended armament is unlocked and purchased. It either can take the role of a fighter or the role of a Hurri-bomber (nickname given to fighter-bomber variants).

As a fighter, its flight characteristics and performance are sufficient for the fighter role within its rank. Although the Hurricane IIB's speed and more importantly turn time are considerably lower than the Spitfire and its other Hurricane relatives, it can stand its ground. It's forgiving and retains good turning characteristics at low speeds, though has a rather slow roll rate. With its forward centre of gravity, the Mark IIB is inclined to climb at full power. The plane is fairly easy to manoeuvre, and it often out-manoeuvres other planes at its level: even novice Japanese pilots can't quite escape a Hurricane that is under the control of a skilled pilot.

While it is agile against many other planes at its rank, it can easily be outclassed by planes above in an up-tier in terms of armament, guns, and agility. Overall, the Hurricane IIB is a rugged multipurpose aircraft and a joy to fly. If you want to know more about the ins and outs of flying the Hurricane, have a look at the historic [http://www.avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/uk/hawker/hurricane/ap-1564bd-pilots-notes-hurricane-iia-iib-iic-iid-and-iv-aircraft-merlin-xx-engine.html pilot's notes]. A great and forgiving fighter aircraft to fly for beginners and a deadly tool for those who know it well!

With its twelve .303 Browning machine guns, the Hurricane IIB is well suited for the fighter role as it packs a tremendous punch at this rank. The sheer number of guns compensates adequately for the lack of higher calibre armament. The number of guns comes at a price though: with 350 rounds per gun, ammunition can be expended rather quickly in RB and SB. Trigger discipline is key here and will benefit both ammunition conservation and fire accuracy. Nonetheless, the Hurricane is a very stable gun platform. The fact that it can be equipped with either bombs or rockets allows the plane to play the role of ground attack or attack interceptor without missing a beat. When attacking ground units, the two GP Mk.IV 250lb bombs can quickly destroy targets such as tanks, pillboxes and certain ships. When it is equipped with six RP-3 rockets, it can become a very deadly plane against ground targets, but also bombers, heavy attackers and - with a bit of luck - other fighters.
[[File:Shot-2013 nswnxqr.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Hawker Hurricane IIB in action in War Thunder]]

However, its advantages don't come without its disadvantages, the biggest concern is its rather fragile engine and airframe. Its soft skin and little protection mean the Mark IIB can't take too much damage before it takes on critical damage. Once the aircraft is damaged, the plane often loses controllability, making survival far harder, as manoeuvrability is key for the British aircraft.

Furthermore, the Hurricane's heavyweight, due to its outdated box-girder structure, results in good vertical energy retention allowing the plane to engage in energy fighting. Boom & Zoom manoeuvres are possible, though the relatively low speed of the Hurricane makes this a risky business on longer stretches. Utilise them as a form of fighting in both Realistic and Simulator modes, as unlike in Arcade, regaining energy and speed after a turn fight takes some time, leaving you vulnerable to fighters which didn't join the furball. Keep in mind that the speed of the aircraft is not high and you can be easily caught by swifter enemies. If the player does press for turn-fighting keep your situational awareness up: you can turn on a penny, but once you get hit and get damaged – controllability issues may leave you unable to avoid anything.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


The Hawker Hurricane IIB/Trop is very similar to the [[Hurricane Mk I/L|Hawker Hurricane Mk I/L]] in general flight characteristics, although the Hurricane Mk I/L performs a little better at everything except firepower and additional armament. The flight performance is quite unsuited for fighter combat as it is slow compared to the other fighters of the BR. If you do get into a fight, use the Mk IIB's good manoeuvrability, but as mentioned above, the aircraft cannot take much punishment and is rather easy to knock out of the sky if flown in straight lines. If the aircraft becomes damaged try to hug the ground, using the terrain to your advantage to get back to your base to repair. However, if your engine is damaged (red or black), then do the exact opposite and gain as much altitude as you can, until your engine gives up and then work towards gliding to your base.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 487 || 471 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.0 || 18.7 || 7.4 || 7.4 || 320
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 535 || 510 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.4 || 17.0 || 16.1 || 11.1 || 320
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 285 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 370 || < 250 || < 380 || > 410
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,352 m || 1,200 hp || 1,500 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,638 m || 1,150 hp || 1,437 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 6.35 mm Steel - Behind the engine
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 12.7 mm Steel - Pilot's seat

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning .303 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 12 x 7.7 mm Browning .303 machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 4,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV (250 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 6 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

The twelve machine guns can be very deadly against planes at this rank, spewing what becomes a massive wall of lead toward enemy pilots, as long as the pilot gets into a fairly close range of their target (100 - 250 m is optimal) and firing at gun convergence. However, the twelve guns can burn through ammo fairly quickly, which can lead to constant reload in Arcade Battles and ammunition depletion in Realistic and Simulator Battles if the pilot doesn't manage his fire.
[[File:F7018de8d934218a0cccb71354b8f145.jpg|thumbnail|left|A No 402 Squadron RCAF Hurricane Mk IIb 'Hurribomber' being re-armed at Manston, 6 November 1941.]]

The Hurricane IIB is unique at its rank due to its ability to use either two 250 lb GP bombs, or six RP-3 rockets. This allows the pilot the choice between playing ground attack roles against heavy targets such as ships, pillboxes, and tanks, or in the spirit of the attacker role, intercepting larger planes such as heavy fighters or bombers and quickly putting them out of the fight. However, both weapons have a fairly long reload time (in AB).
[[File:Battle imphal7.jpg|thumbnail|Battle of Imphal - A Hurricane II of No. 42 Squadron RAF diving to attack a bridge near a small Burmese settlement. The bombs of the previous aircraft can be seen exploding on the target.]]

When utilising the rockets in Arcade, the pilot must be able to carefully predict with great precision their enemy's movement. Leading their shots long enough to have the rocket make contact with any part of the plane; along with resisting the urge to spam all six at once only to miss or not be able to go after other planes. One rocket is sufficient against fighters and other small aircraft, but some bombers and larger planes can take up to two rockets directly and not be immediately put down. For RB & SB rocket armament is not advised for air to air fights. They slow the already sluggish Hurricane down even more. Against bombers, the main target of rockets in AB, crippling one engine will either result in devastating fires or will cause the plane to eventually crash on its long trip back to base. However, in ground-attack duties, they still excel and once fired, a great fighter aircraft with great dodge ability remains to fight on.

The Hawker Hurricane Mark IIB can be used in two roles with relative ease: as a fighter-bomber and a fighter.
In the '''ground-attack''' fighter-bomber role, the aircraft packs a punch with both its primary and pylon armament. It can attack soft targets with its .303 Browning guns, though tougher, armoured targets cannot be destroyed with the primary armament. The rockets and bombs allow the player to crack these targets as well with relative ease. Experience will allow the player to deploy these weapons with accuracy and to great effect. As with the use of the primary armament to engage air targets, the use of ammo should be kept in mind when engaging ground targets as well. It's very easy to deplete the available rounds on a bothersome artillery emplacement only to find a bogey on your tail with no rounds left to engage.
[[File:Air me109 57.jpg|thumbnail|Allied ground crew disassembling a wrecked German He 111 aircraft near Daba and Fuka, Egypt, circa 1942; note wrecked Bf 109 fighter and Hurricane Mk II fighter in background]]

As a '''fighter''', the Hurricane Mk II stands its ground, though it is somewhat limited by its armament. It is not as nimble as its other relatives or the Spitfires. The latter has a turn-time of 15 seconds when fully upgraded, whereas the Mark IIB only manages a turn time of 23.7 seconds. This is something to keep in mind when fighting more manoeuvrable adversaries. The above mentioned limited amount of ammunition should also be considered when engaging as a fighter. The 350 rounds per gun can be spent in quick succession, so pay attention to the usage. Furthermore, the firepower of the guns is highest when engaging targets ''only'' in the gun convergence zone. Combining the two means that holding fire until finding a target at a suitable lead angle within the gun convergence zone results in a more accurate, more deadly and more conservative fire. Not combining the two means unnecessarily spending limited ammunition, losing accuracy and lacking lethal power.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


'''Fighters'''

*[[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]]s & [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]]s: Although the latter are not commonly encountered at its BR, both the 109 and the 190 pose a large threat due to the tremendous firepower and boom-and-zoom characteristics. Whilst German pilots that allow themselves to lured into turn-fighting can be quickly destroyed, the boom-and-zoom tactics are harder to counter. The Hurricane packs a punch but is easily defeated by cannon power in a head-on engagement. It's more advisable to evade a head-on attack and try to engage after a quick turn. The Mark IIB pilot should avoid boom and zoom attacks and try to lure the opponent into a turn to follow or a complete turn fight in order to get a gun solution on the target. The Hurricane IIB isn't fast enough nor has the high-altitude performance its German opponents have, so don't think about winning such a race in the long run.

*[[Bf 110 C-7|Bf 110]]: Again, the most dangerous scenarios include head-on and boom-and-zoom attacks. The Bf 110 packs one of the biggest punches at its tier, so be prepared to aggressively evade its guns. It is rather slow in turning and is a big target though, so if you do get a lead angle within convergence range, the Bf 110 can be taken out quite easily.

*[[I-153P|Chaika's]] & [[I-16 type 28|Ishak's]]: In general, the Russians have the advantage here. Being more manoeuvrable and having heavier firepower available, the I-153 and I-16 can be a tough nut to crack. Avoid turn fights with these aircraft. You have the advantage of speed, but only marginally so. Avoid getting too close, unless you are leading the target. Do not engage multiple Russian bogeys when lacking support by other teammates.

*American fighters: Although you wouldn't guess it at first, the US fighter aircraft at this tier are faster turners than the Hurricane Mk IIB. These opponents also often surpass your aircraft's capabilities in terms of maximum speed and firepower. Turn fighting is key here, but avoid prolonged dogfights with your nimbler American opponents, as they will out turn you in the end.

*Bombers: For all bomber targets you may encounter the tactics are bound by two main considerations: lack of ammunition and vulnerability of the Hurricane IIB. Engaging targets with speed advantage and firing within the convergence zone allows you to really do damage. The Mark IIB is a great bomber hunter, though in the hands of a novice pilot this will likely mean many return trips to base to reload those guns. Get accurate and await a powerful shooting solution.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Combined || rowspan="2" | Controllable 2 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

The plane is very forgiving when using Manual Engine Settings

Prop pitch: this can safely be set to 100% when climbing but when flying level you should reduce it to 90%. This will not only give the engine a bit of a rest and reduce the amount of heat generated but it will also give you a few km/h in speed.

Radiator: if set to 30-40% you can climb without burning overheating your engine (will get orange but not red) to about 3.5km. After that, you should cut back a bit on the throttle and let the engine cool down.

Supercharger: this should be switched at 3.5km (11,482 feet) altitude for optimal performance.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| HSBC mk.2
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| HRC mk.8
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multi-role: fighter and fighter-bomber roles can be fulfilled
* Quite manoeuvrable: suitable for turn fighting
* Decent vertical energy retention: suitable for limited Boom & Zoom tactics
* "Heavy" armament: 12x .303 Browning machine guns
* Great ammo capacity(4200 rounds)

'''Cons:'''

* Fragile: engine and frame (fabric coated tube frame) are prone to damage
* High rate of fire: high ammo consumption if not cautious
* Not a true fighter: not as manoeuvrable as its siblings and the Spitfire
* Additional armament is limited: reload time is slow in arcade battles
* Convergence is key: additional guns are mounted further out on the wing, resulting in a high convergence and beyond or below the target - the distance may result in a lot of missed shots.
* Due to the Hurricane having a carburettor, inverted manoeuvres will cause the engine to fail due to fuel starvation.

== History ==

[[File:Historical_Hurricane_ii_bomber.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane IIB of No.402 Squadron, RCAF]]
The plain one. The dumpy one. The unsexy sister of the glamorous Spitfire, its partner in the Battle of Britain. The plane that took, according to some sources, roughly 60 per cent of the accounted kills during that air campaign in World War II. The plane in which the only Victoria Cross for Fighter Command was won by Ft Lt. James Nicolson. The plane in which a foreigner, the Czech Sgt. Josef František gained the third most victories of all pilots during the Battle of Britain: he gained 17 victories. The history of the Hurricane is not only interesting as it tells us something about the plane, but it is also equally important as it tells us about the desperate struggle in which it took part.

The Hurricane thus has a long, but rather overshadowed history during the first years of the War. It served in all the theatres of World War II. In many variants, the workhorse fighter continued to serve until the end of the War - although its large-scale and frontline use effectively ended by 1943. It was a front line fighter, night fighter, intruder, the fighter-bomber, naval fighter, reconnaissance aircraft and also had various non-combat roles.
[[File:737bec024fa1baf8126f8088e767213e.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop of No.274 Squadron, RAF]]

Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane II was the result of further development of the earlier Mark I versions. Powered by an improved and supercharged twelve-cylinder Merlin XX engine, the Mark II entered service at the end of the summer of 1940 -at the height of the Battle of Britain. It was further modified by adding the ‘universal wing' to allow the use of underwing stores such as bombs and rockets. Later the plane would be known as the Mark IIA Series 1. Hawker experimented with various armament configurations, leading to the Hurricane Mk. IIA Series 2 having either twelve .303 (7.7 mm) Browning Mk II machine guns, or four 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannons. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed with the .303 Brownings, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined.
[[File:Shot_2016.09.28_18.08.59.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop in War Thunder]]

This configuration and the new Merlin XX engine made the production of the ageing Hurricanes worthwhile, as Spitfire production continued to increase. The series 2 with 12 Brownings would later become designated as the Mark IIB in 1941. The 56 Squadron was the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The series 2 with four Hispano cannons would become the Mark IIC. A tropical version of the Mark II was developed for service in the North African theatre of operations alongside naval versions designated Sea Hurricane and cannon-armed versions, such as the Mark IID and Mark IV. The latter showed that as the war progressed, the fighter role was abandoned in favour of a more suitable attack role.

Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

=== In-game description ===
"Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane’s rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane I was developed by adding the 1280 HP Rolls Royce Merlin XX engine and lengthening the fuselage slightly. This Hurricane Mk IIA was further modified by adding the ‘universal wing’ to allow the use of under wing stores such as bombs and rockets. When a further two 0.303 inch Browning machine guns were added to each wing, the Hurricane was transformed into the Mk IIb. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed, the Hurricane’s weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined. 56 Squadron were the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The Hurricane Mk II would see further developments in the form of the Mk IIC, armed with four 20mm Hispano cannon, and the Mk IID which was equipped with two 40mm cannon in under wing pods for anti-tank duties. Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947."

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* http://www.avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/uk/hawker/hurricane/ap-1564bd-pilots-notes-hurricane-iia-iib-iic-iid-and-iv-aircraft-merlin-xx-engine.html

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop

2020-01-16T15:32:20Z

U87547994:

{{Specs-Card|code=hurricanemkii}}
{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Hurricane (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Hurricane_Mk_IIB_Trop.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This aircraft has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The aircraft can fulfil two roles once its suspended armament is unlocked and purchased. It either can take the role of a fighter or the role of a Hurri-bomber (nickname given to fighter-bomber variants).

As a fighter, its flight characteristics and performance are sufficient for the fighter role within its rank. Although the Hurricane IIB's speed and more importantly turn time are considerably lower than the Spitfire and its other Hurricane relatives, it can stand its ground. It's forgiving and retains good turning characteristics at low speeds, though has a rather slow roll rate. With its forward centre of gravity, the Mark IIB is inclined to climb at full power. The plane is fairly easy to manoeuvre, and it often out-manoeuvres other planes at its level: even novice Japanese pilots can't quite escape a Hurricane that is under the control of a skilled pilot.

While it is agile against many other planes at its rank, it can easily be outclassed by planes above in an up-tier in terms of armament, guns, and agility. Overall, the Hurricane IIB is a rugged multipurpose aircraft and a joy to fly. If you want to know more about the ins and outs of flying the Hurricane, have a look at the historic [http://www.avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/uk/hawker/hurricane/ap-1564bd-pilots-notes-hurricane-iia-iib-iic-iid-and-iv-aircraft-merlin-xx-engine.html pilot's notes]. A great and forgiving fighter aircraft to fly for beginners and a deadly tool for those who know it well!

With its twelve .303 Browning machine guns, the Hurricane IIB is well suited for the fighter role as it packs a tremendous punch at this rank. The sheer number of guns compensates adequately for the lack of higher calibre armament. The number of guns comes at a price though: with 350 rounds per gun, ammunition can be expended rather quickly in RB and SB. Trigger discipline is key here and will benefit both ammunition conservation and fire accuracy. Nonetheless, the Hurricane is a very stable gun platform. The fact that it can be equipped with either bombs or rockets allows the plane to play the role of ground attack or attack interceptor without missing a beat. When attacking ground units, the two GP Mk.IV 250lb bombs can quickly destroy targets such as tanks, pillboxes and certain ships. When it is equipped with six RP-3 rockets, it can become a very deadly plane against ground targets, but also bombers, heavy attackers and - with a bit of luck - other fighters.
[[File:Shot-2013 nswnxqr.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Hawker Hurricane IIB in action in War Thunder]]

However, its advantages don't come without its disadvantages, the biggest concern is its rather fragile engine and airframe. Its soft skin and little protection mean the Mark IIB can't take too much damage before it takes on critical damage. Once the aircraft is damaged, the plane often loses controllability, making survival far harder, as manoeuvrability is key for the British aircraft.

Furthermore, the Hurricane's heavyweight, due to its outdated box-girder structure, results in good vertical energy retention allowing the plane to engage in energy fighting. Boom & Zoom manoeuvres are possible, though the relatively low speed of the Hurricane makes this a risky business on longer stretches. Utilise them as a form of fighting in both Realistic and Simulator modes, as unlike in Arcade, regaining energy and speed after a turn fight takes some time, leaving you vulnerable to fighters which didn't join the furball. Keep in mind that the speed of the aircraft is not high and you can be easily caught by swifter enemies. If the player does press for turn-fighting keep your situational awareness up: you can turn on a penny, but once you get hit and get damaged – controllability issues may leave you unable to avoid anything.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


The Hawker Hurricane IIB/Trop is very similar to the [[Hurricane Mk I/L|Hawker Hurricane Mk I/L]] in general flight characteristics, although the Hurricane Mk I/L performs a little better at everything except firepower and additional armament. The flight performance is quite unsuited for fighter combat as it is slow compared to the other fighters of the BR. If you do get into a fight, use the Mk IIB's good manoeuvrability, but as mentioned above, the aircraft cannot take much punishment and is rather easy to knock out of the sky if flown in straight lines. If the aircraft becomes damaged try to hug the ground, using the terrain to your advantage to get back to your base to repair. However, if your engine is damaged (red or black), then do the exact opposite and gain as much altitude as you can, until your engine gives up and then work towards gliding to your base.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 487 || 471 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.0 || 18.7 || 7.4 || 7.4 || 320
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 535 || 510 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.4 || 17.0 || 16.1 || 11.1 || 320
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 285 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 370 || < 250 || < 380 || > 410
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,352 m || 1,200 hp || 1,500 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,638 m || 1,150 hp || 1,437 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 6.35 mm Steel - Behind the engine
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 12.7 mm Steel - Pilot's seat

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning .303 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 12 x 7.7 mm Browning .303 machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 4,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV (250 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 6 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

The twelve machine guns can be very deadly against planes at this rank, spewing what becomes a massive wall of lead toward enemy pilots, as long as the pilot gets into a fairly close range of their target (100 - 250 m is optimal) and firing at gun convergence. However, the twelve guns can burn through ammo fairly quickly, which can lead to constant reload in Arcade Battles and ammunition depletion in Realistic and Simulator Battles if the pilot doesn't manage his fire.
[[File:F7018de8d934218a0cccb71354b8f145.jpg|thumbnail|left|A No 402 Squadron RCAF Hurricane Mk IIb 'Hurribomber' being re-armed at Manston, 6 November 1941.]]

The Hurricane IIB is unique at its rank due to its ability to use either two 250 lb GP bombs, or six RP-3 rockets. This allows the pilot the choice between playing ground attack roles against heavy targets such as ships, pillboxes, and tanks, or in the spirit of the attacker role, intercepting larger planes such as heavy fighters or bombers and quickly putting them out of the fight. However, both weapons have a fairly long reload time (in AB).
[[File:Battle imphal7.jpg|thumbnail|Battle of Imphal - A Hurricane II of No. 42 Squadron RAF diving to attack a bridge near a small Burmese settlement. The bombs of the previous aircraft can be seen exploding on the target.]]

When utilising the rockets in Arcade, the pilot must be able to carefully predict with great precision their enemy's movement. Leading their shots long enough to have the rocket make contact with any part of the plane; along with resisting the urge to spam all six at once only to miss or not be able to go after other planes. One rocket is sufficient against fighters and other small aircraft, but some bombers and larger planes can take up to two rockets directly and not be immediately put down. For RB & SB rocket armament is not advised for air to air fights. They slow the already sluggish Hurricane down even more. Against bombers, the main target of rockets in AB, crippling one engine will either result in devastating fires or will cause the plane to eventually crash on its long trip back to base. However, in ground-attack duties, they still excel and once fired, a great fighter aircraft with great dodge ability remains to fight on.

The Hawker Hurricane Mark IIB can be used in two roles with relative ease: as a fighter-bomber and a fighter.
In the '''ground-attack''' fighter-bomber role, the aircraft packs a punch with both its primary and pylon armament. It can attack soft targets with its .303 Browning guns, though tougher, armoured targets cannot be destroyed with the primary armament. The rockets and bombs allow the player to crack these targets as well with relative ease. Experience will allow the player to deploy these weapons with accuracy and to great effect. As with the use of the primary armament to engage air targets, the use of ammo should be kept in mind when engaging ground targets as well. It's very easy to deplete the available rounds on a bothersome artillery emplacement only to find a bogey on your tail with no rounds left to engage.
[[File:Air me109 57.jpg|thumbnail|Allied ground crew disassembling a wrecked German He 111 aircraft near Daba and Fuka, Egypt, circa 1942; note wrecked Bf 109 fighter and Hurricane Mk II fighter in background]]

As a '''fighter''', the Hurricane Mk II stands its ground, though it is somewhat limited by its armament. It is not as nimble as its other relatives or the Spitfires. The latter has a turn-time of 15 seconds when fully upgraded, whereas the Mark IIB only manages a turn time of 23.7 seconds. This is something to keep in mind when fighting more manoeuvrable adversaries. The above mentioned limited amount of ammunition should also be considered when engaging as a fighter. The 350 rounds per gun can be spent in quick succession, so pay attention to the usage. Furthermore, the firepower of the guns is highest when engaging targets ''only'' in the gun convergence zone. Combining the two means that holding fire until finding a target at a suitable lead angle within the gun convergence zone results in a more accurate, more deadly and more conservative fire. Not combining the two means unnecessarily spending limited ammunition, losing accuracy and lacking lethal power.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


'''Fighters'''

*[[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]]s & [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]]s: Although the latter are not commonly encountered at its BR, both the 109 and the 190 pose a large threat due to the tremendous firepower and boom-and-zoom characteristics. Whilst German pilots that allow themselves to lured into turn-fighting can be quickly destroyed, the boom-and-zoom tactics are harder to counter. The Hurricane packs a punch but is easily defeated by cannon power in a head-on engagement. It's more advisable to evade a head-on attack and try to engage after a quick turn. The Mark IIB pilot should avoid boom and zoom attacks and try to lure the opponent into a turn to follow or a complete turn fight in order to get a gun solution on the target. The Hurricane IIB isn't fast enough nor has the high-altitude performance its German opponents have, so don't think about winning such a race in the long run.

*[[Bf 110 C-7|Bf 110]]: Again, the most dangerous scenarios include head-on and boom-and-zoom attacks. The Bf 110 packs one of the biggest punches at its tier, so be prepared to aggressively evade its guns. It is rather slow in turning and is a big target though, so if you do get a lead angle within convergence range, the Bf 110 can be taken out quite easily.

*[[I-153P|Chaika's]] & [[I-16 type 28|Ishak's]]: In general, the Russians have the advantage here. Being more manoeuvrable and having heavier firepower available, the I-153 and I-16 can be a tough nut to crack. Avoid turn fights with these aircraft. You have the advantage of speed, but only marginally so. Avoid getting too close, unless you are leading the target. Do not engage multiple Russian bogeys when lacking support by other teammates.

*American fighters: Although you wouldn't guess it at first, the US fighter aircraft at this tier are faster turners than the Hurricane Mk IIB. These opponents also often surpass your aircraft's capabilities in terms of maximum speed and firepower. Turn fighting is key here, but avoid prolonged dogfights with your nimbler American opponents, as they will out turn you in the end.

*Bombers: For all bomber targets you may encounter the tactics are bound by two main considerations: lack of ammunition and vulnerability of the Hurricane IIB. Engaging targets with speed advantage and firing within the convergence zone allows you to really do damage. The Mark IIB is a great bomber hunter, though in the hands of a novice pilot this will likely mean many return trips to base to reload those guns. Get accurate and await a powerful shooting solution.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Combined || rowspan="2" | Controllable 2 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

The plane is very forgiving when using Manual Engine Settings

Prop pitch: this can safely be set to 100% when climbing but when flying level you should reduce it to 90%. This will not only give the engine a bit of a rest and reduce the amount of heat generated but it will also give you a few km/h in speed.

Radiator: if set to 30-40% you can climb without burning overheating your engine (will get orange but not red) to about 3.5km. After that, you should cut back a bit on the throttle and let the engine cool down.

Supercharger: this should be switched at 3.5km (11,482 feet) altitude for optimal performance.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| HSBC mk.2
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| HRC mk.8
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multi-role: fighter and fighter-bomber roles can be fulfilled
* Quite manoeuvrable: suitable for turn fighting
* Decent vertical energy retention: suitable for limited Boom & Zoom tactics
* "Heavy" armament: 12x .303 Browning machine guns
* When guns are upgraded its possible to shootalmost 2000 rounds in one burst(guns doesn't overheat much)

'''Cons:'''

* Fragile: engine and frame (fabric coated tube frame) are prone to damage
* High rate of fire: high ammo consumption if not cautious
* Not a true fighter: not as manoeuvrable as its siblings and the Spitfire
* Additional armament is limited: reload time is slow in arcade battles
* Convergence is key: additional guns are mounted further out on the wing, resulting in a high convergence and beyond or below the target - the distance may result in a lot of missed shots.
* Due to the Hurricane having a carburettor, inverted manoeuvres will cause the engine to fail due to fuel starvation.

== History ==

[[File:Historical_Hurricane_ii_bomber.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane IIB of No.402 Squadron, RCAF]]
The plain one. The dumpy one. The unsexy sister of the glamorous Spitfire, its partner in the Battle of Britain. The plane that took, according to some sources, roughly 60 per cent of the accounted kills during that air campaign in World War II. The plane in which the only Victoria Cross for Fighter Command was won by Ft Lt. James Nicolson. The plane in which a foreigner, the Czech Sgt. Josef František gained the third most victories of all pilots during the Battle of Britain: he gained 17 victories. The history of the Hurricane is not only interesting as it tells us something about the plane, but it is also equally important as it tells us about the desperate struggle in which it took part.

The Hurricane thus has a long, but rather overshadowed history during the first years of the War. It served in all the theatres of World War II. In many variants, the workhorse fighter continued to serve until the end of the War - although its large-scale and frontline use effectively ended by 1943. It was a front line fighter, night fighter, intruder, the fighter-bomber, naval fighter, reconnaissance aircraft and also had various non-combat roles.
[[File:737bec024fa1baf8126f8088e767213e.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop of No.274 Squadron, RAF]]

Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane II was the result of further development of the earlier Mark I versions. Powered by an improved and supercharged twelve-cylinder Merlin XX engine, the Mark II entered service at the end of the summer of 1940 -at the height of the Battle of Britain. It was further modified by adding the ‘universal wing' to allow the use of underwing stores such as bombs and rockets. Later the plane would be known as the Mark IIA Series 1. Hawker experimented with various armament configurations, leading to the Hurricane Mk. IIA Series 2 having either twelve .303 (7.7 mm) Browning Mk II machine guns, or four 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannons. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed with the .303 Brownings, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined.
[[File:Shot_2016.09.28_18.08.59.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop in War Thunder]]

This configuration and the new Merlin XX engine made the production of the ageing Hurricanes worthwhile, as Spitfire production continued to increase. The series 2 with 12 Brownings would later become designated as the Mark IIB in 1941. The 56 Squadron was the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The series 2 with four Hispano cannons would become the Mark IIC. A tropical version of the Mark II was developed for service in the North African theatre of operations alongside naval versions designated Sea Hurricane and cannon-armed versions, such as the Mark IID and Mark IV. The latter showed that as the war progressed, the fighter role was abandoned in favour of a more suitable attack role.

Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

=== In-game description ===
"Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane’s rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane I was developed by adding the 1280 HP Rolls Royce Merlin XX engine and lengthening the fuselage slightly. This Hurricane Mk IIA was further modified by adding the ‘universal wing’ to allow the use of under wing stores such as bombs and rockets. When a further two 0.303 inch Browning machine guns were added to each wing, the Hurricane was transformed into the Mk IIb. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed, the Hurricane’s weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined. 56 Squadron were the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The Hurricane Mk II would see further developments in the form of the Mk IIC, armed with four 20mm Hispano cannon, and the Mk IID which was equipped with two 40mm cannon in under wing pods for anti-tank duties. Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947."

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* http://www.avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/uk/hawker/hurricane/ap-1564bd-pilots-notes-hurricane-iia-iib-iic-iid-and-iv-aircraft-merlin-xx-engine.html

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop

2020-01-16T15:28:30Z

U87547994:

{{Specs-Card|code=hurricanemkii}}
{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Hurricane (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Hurricane_Mk_IIB_Trop.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This aircraft has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The aircraft can fulfil two roles once its suspended armament is unlocked and purchased. It either can take the role of a fighter or the role of a Hurri-bomber (nickname given to fighter-bomber variants).

As a fighter, its flight characteristics and performance are sufficient for the fighter role within its rank. Although the Hurricane IIB's speed and more importantly turn time are considerably lower than the Spitfire and its other Hurricane relatives, it can stand its ground. It's forgiving and retains good turning characteristics at low speeds, though has a rather slow roll rate. With its forward centre of gravity, the Mark IIB is inclined to climb at full power. The plane is fairly easy to manoeuvre, and it often out-manoeuvres other planes at its level: even novice Japanese pilots can't quite escape a Hurricane that is under the control of a skilled pilot.

While it is agile against many other planes at its rank, it can easily be outclassed by planes above in an up-tier in terms of armament, guns, and agility. Overall, the Hurricane IIB is a rugged multipurpose aircraft and a joy to fly. If you want to know more about the ins and outs of flying the Hurricane, have a look at the historic [http://www.avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/uk/hawker/hurricane/ap-1564bd-pilots-notes-hurricane-iia-iib-iic-iid-and-iv-aircraft-merlin-xx-engine.html pilot's notes]. A great and forgiving fighter aircraft to fly for beginners and a deadly tool for those who know it well!

With its twelve .303 Browning machine guns, the Hurricane IIB is well suited for the fighter role as it packs a tremendous punch at this rank. The sheer number of guns compensates adequately for the lack of higher calibre armament. The number of guns comes at a price though: with 350 rounds per gun, ammunition can be expended rather quickly in RB and SB. Trigger discipline is key here and will benefit both ammunition conservation and fire accuracy. Nonetheless, the Hurricane is a very stable gun platform. The fact that it can be equipped with either bombs or rockets allows the plane to play the role of ground attack or attack interceptor without missing a beat. When attacking ground units, the two GP Mk.IV 250lb bombs can quickly destroy targets such as tanks, pillboxes and certain ships. When it is equipped with six RP-3 rockets, it can become a very deadly plane against ground targets, but also bombers, heavy attackers and - with a bit of luck - other fighters.
[[File:Shot-2013 nswnxqr.jpg|300px|thumbnail|left|Hawker Hurricane IIB in action in War Thunder]]

However, its advantages don't come without its disadvantages, the biggest concern is its rather fragile engine and airframe. Its soft skin and little protection mean the Mark IIB can't take too much damage before it takes on critical damage. Once the aircraft is damaged, the plane often loses controllability, making survival far harder, as manoeuvrability is key for the British aircraft.

Furthermore, the Hurricane's heavyweight, due to its outdated box-girder structure, results in good vertical energy retention allowing the plane to engage in energy fighting. Boom & Zoom manoeuvres are possible, though the relatively low speed of the Hurricane makes this a risky business on longer stretches. Utilise them as a form of fighting in both Realistic and Simulator modes, as unlike in Arcade, regaining energy and speed after a turn fight takes some time, leaving you vulnerable to fighters which didn't join the furball. Keep in mind that the speed of the aircraft is not high and you can be easily caught by swifter enemies. If the player does press for turn-fighting keep your situational awareness up: you can turn on a penny, but once you get hit and get damaged – controllability issues may leave you unable to avoid anything.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


The Hawker Hurricane IIB/Trop is very similar to the [[Hurricane Mk I/L|Hawker Hurricane Mk I/L]] in general flight characteristics, although the Hurricane Mk I/L performs a little better at everything except firepower and additional armament. The flight performance is quite unsuited for fighter combat as it is slow compared to the other fighters of the BR. If you do get into a fight, use the Mk IIB's good manoeuvrability, but as mentioned above, the aircraft cannot take much punishment and is rather easy to knock out of the sky if flown in straight lines. If the aircraft becomes damaged try to hug the ground, using the terrain to your advantage to get back to your base to repair. However, if your engine is damaged (red or black), then do the exact opposite and gain as much altitude as you can, until your engine gives up and then work towards gliding to your base.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 487 || 471 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.0 || 18.7 || 7.4 || 7.4 || 320
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 535 || 510 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.4 || 17.0 || 16.1 || 11.1 || 320
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 285 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 370 || < 250 || < 380 || > 410
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,352 m || 1,200 hp || 1,500 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,638 m || 1,150 hp || 1,437 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 6.35 mm Steel - Behind the engine
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 12.7 mm Steel - Pilot's seat

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning .303 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 12 x 7.7 mm Browning .303 machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 4,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV (250 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 6 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

The twelve machine guns can be very deadly against planes at this rank, spewing what becomes a massive wall of lead toward enemy pilots, as long as the pilot gets into a fairly close range of their target (100 - 250 m is optimal) and firing at gun convergence. However, the twelve guns can burn through ammo fairly quickly, which can lead to constant reload in Arcade Battles and ammunition depletion in Realistic and Simulator Battles if the pilot doesn't manage his fire.
[[File:F7018de8d934218a0cccb71354b8f145.jpg|thumbnail|left|A No 402 Squadron RCAF Hurricane Mk IIb 'Hurribomber' being re-armed at Manston, 6 November 1941.]]

The Hurricane IIB is unique at its rank due to its ability to use either two 250 lb GP bombs, or six RP-3 rockets. This allows the pilot the choice between playing ground attack roles against heavy targets such as ships, pillboxes, and tanks, or in the spirit of the attacker role, intercepting larger planes such as heavy fighters or bombers and quickly putting them out of the fight. However, both weapons have a fairly long reload time (in AB).
[[File:Battle imphal7.jpg|thumbnail|Battle of Imphal - A Hurricane II of No. 42 Squadron RAF diving to attack a bridge near a small Burmese settlement. The bombs of the previous aircraft can be seen exploding on the target.]]

When utilising the rockets in Arcade, the pilot must be able to carefully predict with great precision their enemy's movement. Leading their shots long enough to have the rocket make contact with any part of the plane; along with resisting the urge to spam all six at once only to miss or not be able to go after other planes. One rocket is sufficient against fighters and other small aircraft, but some bombers and larger planes can take up to two rockets directly and not be immediately put down. For RB & SB rocket armament is not advised for air to air fights. They slow the already sluggish Hurricane down even more. Against bombers, the main target of rockets in AB, crippling one engine will either result in devastating fires or will cause the plane to eventually crash on its long trip back to base. However, in ground-attack duties, they still excel and once fired, a great fighter aircraft with great dodge ability remains to fight on.

The Hawker Hurricane Mark IIB can be used in two roles with relative ease: as a fighter-bomber and a fighter.
In the '''ground-attack''' fighter-bomber role, the aircraft packs a punch with both its primary and pylon armament. It can attack soft targets with its .303 Browning guns, though tougher, armoured targets cannot be destroyed with the primary armament. The rockets and bombs allow the player to crack these targets as well with relative ease. Experience will allow the player to deploy these weapons with accuracy and to great effect. As with the use of the primary armament to engage air targets, the use of ammo should be kept in mind when engaging ground targets as well. It's very easy to deplete the available rounds on a bothersome artillery emplacement only to find a bogey on your tail with no rounds left to engage.
[[File:Air me109 57.jpg|thumbnail|Allied ground crew disassembling a wrecked German He 111 aircraft near Daba and Fuka, Egypt, circa 1942; note wrecked Bf 109 fighter and Hurricane Mk II fighter in background]]

As a '''fighter''', the Hurricane Mk II stands its ground, though it is somewhat limited by its armament. It is not as nimble as its other relatives or the Spitfires. The latter has a turn-time of 15 seconds when fully upgraded, whereas the Mark IIB only manages a turn time of 23.7 seconds. This is something to keep in mind when fighting more manoeuvrable adversaries. The above mentioned limited amount of ammunition should also be considered when engaging as a fighter. The 350 rounds per gun can be spent in quick succession, so pay attention to the usage. Furthermore, the firepower of the guns is highest when engaging targets ''only'' in the gun convergence zone. Combining the two means that holding fire until finding a target at a suitable lead angle within the gun convergence zone results in a more accurate, more deadly and more conservative fire. Not combining the two means unnecessarily spending limited ammunition, losing accuracy and lacking lethal power.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


'''Fighters'''

*[[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]]s & [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]]s: Although the latter are not commonly encountered at its BR, both the 109 and the 190 pose a large threat due to the tremendous firepower and boom-and-zoom characteristics. Whilst German pilots that allow themselves to lured into turn-fighting can be quickly destroyed, the boom-and-zoom tactics are harder to counter. The Hurricane packs a punch but is easily defeated by cannon power in a head-on engagement. It's more advisable to evade a head-on attack and try to engage after a quick turn. The Mark IIB pilot should avoid boom and zoom attacks and try to lure the opponent into a turn to follow or a complete turn fight in order to get a gun solution on the target. The Hurricane IIB isn't fast enough nor has the high-altitude performance its German opponents have, so don't think about winning such a race in the long run.

*[[Bf 110 C-7|Bf 110]]: Again, the most dangerous scenarios include head-on and boom-and-zoom attacks. The Bf 110 packs one of the biggest punches at its tier, so be prepared to aggressively evade its guns. It is rather slow in turning and is a big target though, so if you do get a lead angle within convergence range, the Bf 110 can be taken out quite easily.

*[[I-153P|Chaika's]] & [[I-16 type 28|Ishak's]]: In general, the Russians have the advantage here. Being more manoeuvrable and having heavier firepower available, the I-153 and I-16 can be a tough nut to crack. Avoid turn fights with these aircraft. You have the advantage of speed, but only marginally so. Avoid getting too close, unless you are leading the target. Do not engage multiple Russian bogeys when lacking support by other teammates.

*American fighters: Although you wouldn't guess it at first, the US fighter aircraft at this tier are faster turners than the Hurricane Mk IIB. These opponents also often surpass your aircraft's capabilities in terms of maximum speed and firepower. Turn fighting is key here, but avoid prolonged dogfights with your nimbler American opponents, as they will out turn you in the end.

*Bombers: For all bomber targets you may encounter the tactics are bound by two main considerations: lack of ammunition and vulnerability of the Hurricane IIB. Engaging targets with speed advantage and firing within the convergence zone allows you to really do damage. The Mark IIB is a great bomber hunter, though in the hands of a novice pilot this will likely mean many return trips to base to reload those guns. Get accurate and await a powerful shooting solution.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Combined || rowspan="2" | Controllable 2 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

The plane is very forgiving when using Manual Engine Settings

Prop pitch: this can safely be set to 100% when climbing but when flying level you should reduce it to 90%. This will not only give the engine a bit of a rest and reduce the amount of heat generated but it will also give you a few km/h in speed.

Radiator: if set to 30-40% you can climb without burning overheating your engine (will get orange but not red) to about 3.5km. After that, you should cut back a bit on the throttle and let the engine cool down.

Supercharger: this should be switched at 3.5km (11,482 feet) altitude for optimal performance.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| HSBC mk.2
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| HRC mk.8
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multi-role: fighter and fighter-bomber roles can be fulfilled
* Quite manoeuvrable: suitable for turn fighting
* Decent vertical energy retention: suitable for limited Boom & Zoom tactics
* "Heavy" armament: 12x .303 Browning machine guns
* can even face 1.0 biplanes
* will absolutely pound enemy bombers
* doesn't overheat much even on wep
* has wep
* great ammo capacity

'''Cons:'''

* Fragile: engine and frame (fabric coated tube frame) are prone to damage
* High rate of fire: high ammo consumption if not cautious
* Not a true fighter: not as manoeuvrable as its siblings and the Spitfire
* Additional armament is limited: reload time is slow in arcade battles
* Convergence is key: additional guns are mounted further out on the wing, resulting in a high convergence and beyond or below the target - the distance may result in a lot of missed shots.
* Due to the Hurricane having a carburettor, inverted manoeuvres will cause the engine to fail due to fuel starvation.
* quite slow

== History ==

[[File:Historical_Hurricane_ii_bomber.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane IIB of No.402 Squadron, RCAF]]
The plain one. The dumpy one. The unsexy sister of the glamorous Spitfire, its partner in the Battle of Britain. The plane that took, according to some sources, roughly 60 per cent of the accounted kills during that air campaign in World War II. The plane in which the only Victoria Cross for Fighter Command was won by Ft Lt. James Nicolson. The plane in which a foreigner, the Czech Sgt. Josef František gained the third most victories of all pilots during the Battle of Britain: he gained 17 victories. The history of the Hurricane is not only interesting as it tells us something about the plane, but it is also equally important as it tells us about the desperate struggle in which it took part.

The Hurricane thus has a long, but rather overshadowed history during the first years of the War. It served in all the theatres of World War II. In many variants, the workhorse fighter continued to serve until the end of the War - although its large-scale and frontline use effectively ended by 1943. It was a front line fighter, night fighter, intruder, the fighter-bomber, naval fighter, reconnaissance aircraft and also had various non-combat roles.
[[File:737bec024fa1baf8126f8088e767213e.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop of No.274 Squadron, RAF]]

Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane's rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane II was the result of further development of the earlier Mark I versions. Powered by an improved and supercharged twelve-cylinder Merlin XX engine, the Mark II entered service at the end of the summer of 1940 -at the height of the Battle of Britain. It was further modified by adding the ‘universal wing' to allow the use of underwing stores such as bombs and rockets. Later the plane would be known as the Mark IIA Series 1. Hawker experimented with various armament configurations, leading to the Hurricane Mk. IIA Series 2 having either twelve .303 (7.7 mm) Browning Mk II machine guns, or four 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannons. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed with the .303 Brownings, the Hurricane's weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined.
[[File:Shot_2016.09.28_18.08.59.jpg|thumbnail|Hawker Hurricane Mk IIB Trop in War Thunder]]

This configuration and the new Merlin XX engine made the production of the ageing Hurricanes worthwhile, as Spitfire production continued to increase. The series 2 with 12 Brownings would later become designated as the Mark IIB in 1941. The 56 Squadron was the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The series 2 with four Hispano cannons would become the Mark IIC. A tropical version of the Mark II was developed for service in the North African theatre of operations alongside naval versions designated Sea Hurricane and cannon-armed versions, such as the Mark IID and Mark IV. The latter showed that as the war progressed, the fighter role was abandoned in favour of a more suitable attack role.

Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947.

=== In-game description ===
"Although a highly successful and popular fighter, by 1940 the Hurricane Mk I was already showing itself to be inferior to enemy fighters such as the Messerschmitt 109. Experience from the Battle of Britain had also proved that the Hurricane’s rifle-calibre 0.303 machine guns were inferior to larger calibre weapons being operated by enemy aircraft.

The Hurricane I was developed by adding the 1280 HP Rolls Royce Merlin XX engine and lengthening the fuselage slightly. This Hurricane Mk IIA was further modified by adding the ‘universal wing’ to allow the use of under wing stores such as bombs and rockets. When a further two 0.303 inch Browning machine guns were added to each wing, the Hurricane was transformed into the Mk IIb. Whilst the problem of rifle calibre bullets still existed, the Hurricane’s weight of fire had at least been increased as an interim measure whilst more powerful weapons were being refined. 56 Squadron were the first RAF squadron to be equipped with the new Hurricane Mk IIB in February 1941, and by the summer of the same year, 20 squadrons were operating the new Hurricane.

The Hurricane Mk II would see further developments in the form of the Mk IIC, armed with four 20mm Hispano cannon, and the Mk IID which was equipped with two 40mm cannon in under wing pods for anti-tank duties. Whilst the Hurricane was no longer effectively employed in its original role as a fighter by the end of 1942, it would go on to serve in many other capacities until it was finally retired from the RAF in January 1947."

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* http://www.avialogs.com/index.php/en/aircraft/uk/hawker/hurricane/ap-1564bd-pilots-notes-hurricane-iia-iib-iic-iid-and-iv-aircraft-merlin-xx-engine.html

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Bf 110 F-2

2020-01-15T16:17:24Z

U87547994:

{{Specs-Card|code=bf-110f-2}}
{{About
| about = German twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Bf 110 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This fighter was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

== General info ==
[[File:Cockpits Bf110.jpg|thumbnail|right|Cockpit features great side & forward visibility despite the struts. Although the tail section is obscured by the armoured backrest, the gunner will function as a good warning indicator, sometimes.]]
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Maximum speed, manoeuvrability, speed and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''
=== Flight Performance ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,822 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 546 || 530 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.6 || 26.1 || 7.9 || 7.9 || 444
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,822 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 595 || 570 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.6 || 24.0 || 17.5 || 10.9 || 444
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} ||490|| ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 360 || < 350 || < 370 || > 715
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,900 m || 1,200 hp || 1,332 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 58 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot.
* 5.5 mm Steel plate under the pilot.
* 8.5-10.5 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.
* 5.5-6 mm Steel plate in front and below the liquid cooling system.
* 6 mm Steel plate around the liquid cooling system in wings.
* 8.5-10.5 mm Steel plates in front of the cockpit
* 6 mm Steel plate under defensive gunner.
* 8.5 mm Steel plate in front of defensive gunner.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG FF/M (20 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG FF/M cannons, nose-mounted (180 rpg = 360 total)
* 4 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, nose-mounted (1000 rpg = 4000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|SC250JA (250 kg)|SC500K (500 kg)|SC1000L (1,000 kg)|RZ.65}}
{{main|MG FF/M (20 mm)}}

The options available for the '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' are:

* Without load
* 12 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs
* 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs
* 1 x 500 kg SC500K bomb
* 2 x 500 kg SC500K bombs
* 1 x 1000 kg SC1000L bomb
* 1 x 1000 kg SC1000L bomb + 1 x 250 kg SC250JA bomb
* 2 x 20mm MG 151 cannon (200 Rounds total, 100 rpg)
* 12 x RZ.65 Rockets

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|MG 15 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 × 7.92 mm MG 15 machine gun, rear gunner (750 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" |Not controllable|| rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
| Turret 7 mm
| ETC 250/IXb I
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
| ETC 500/IXb II
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| WB 151
| ETC 1000/IXb I
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 20 mm Cannon
| Offensive 20 mm
| EG RZ.65 modification
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good offensive armament
* Wide range of payload options
* At altitudes over 5000 meter the engines almost doesn't overheat at all
* Quite a

'''Cons:'''

* Significantly slower and bulkier than any single engine fighter it flies against.
* Terrible low-altitue overheating especially with a stock radiator
* flaps almost doesn't move at all

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5560-development-messerschmitt-bf-110-model-updates-new-modifications-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Messerschmitt Bf 110 model updates, new modifications]

{{AirManufacturer BFW}}
{{Germany twin-engine fighters}}

AB 41

2020-01-12T18:01:07Z

U87547994:

{{Specs-Card|code=it_ab_41}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage {{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' or '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian armoured car {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?''

''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability as well as the maximum speed forward and backwards.''

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Breda Mod.35 (20 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Breda Mod.35 (20 mm)|20 mm Breda Mod.35]]
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="2" | 456 (8) || 501 || -12°/+20° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || API-T || 41 || 39 || 29 || 21 || 15 || 10
|-
| PzGr 40 || HVAP-T || 64 || 63 || 29 || 21 || 15 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || API-T || 832 || 0.14 || 1.3 || 15 || 1 || ° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| PzGr 40 || HVAP-T || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)|8 mm Breda Mod. 38]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,992 (24) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" |Firepower
|-
| I
| Tires||
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive||
|-
| II
| Suspension||Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire||Perforante mod.35
|-
| III
| Filters||
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation mechanism||
|-
| IV
| Transmission||Engine
|
| Artillery Support||PzGr 40
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Unlocks potent PzGr 40 APCR belt that are identical to the German 20 mm autocannons
* Reasonably fast on flat paved terrain
* Good acceleration
* wheels are fast on roads
* However its wheeled it can much quicker than other tracked competitors, because it can steer both sides at 45° angle
* very sharp turns

'''Cons:'''

* The "Armor" is only barely adequate at stopping rifle caliber bullets, everything else will shred it
* Only 8 rounds per magazine, which is quickly expended
* Long reload for a small magazine
* Individual shells don't do much internal damage upon penetration
* PzGr 40 belt is a tier IV unlock in the modifications
* Default belt is 50/50 API-T and HEF-T Shells
* API-T struggles at longer ranges or even at slightly angled armor
* Off-road is lackluster
* sharp tuns make it prone to tip over

== History ==


An advanced automotive design, with the similar AB 40 it gave the Italian Army a modern armoured car during the Second World War. The {{PAGENAME}} had a 4x4 layout, with four-wheel steering and fully independent suspension. The freely rotating spare wheels, positioned midway along the sides of the hull, prevented the vehicle from bellying out when crossing obstacles. It also had a rear driver position. The AB 40 had 2 coaxial machine guns in the turret and a third rear-facing machine gun. The AB 41 had the 20 mm gun in place of one of the turret machine guns, and also had an increase in engine horsepower over the other design. In total 24 AB 40 and 560 AB 41s were built. They served in the reconnaissance units of armoured, motorized and cavalry divisions, as well as in independent recon companies and platoons, with 4 vehicles per platoon. The AB 40s only were used in North Africa, but AB 41s were active on all fronts, including 30 sent to Russia.

The Germans seized 37 AB 41 and another 20 in production when Italy fell in 1943. They used these, along with 102 AB 43s converted back to a 20 mm main gun, and known as AB 41/43s.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}

L3/33 CC

2020-01-12T17:58:10Z

U87547994:

{{Specs-Card|code=it_l3_cc}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage L3 33 CC.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened to ''{{Specs|pseudonym}}'') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

The L3/33 CC is an Italian tank that is the War Thunder equivalent of a shoe-box on tracks (with a gun, of course). This vehicle has very little armour, which allows for it to quickly and deftly maneuver across the battlefield, scouting for pockets to position the vehicle in for tactical advantages against the slower and heavier enemy vehicles it faces.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 8 mm (79°) ''Front glacis'' 14 mm (0°) ''Lower glacis'' || 14 mm || 8 mm (0-32°) || 8 mm 5 mm ''Hatches''
|-
| Superstructure || 14 mm (13-64°) 14 mm (0-62°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 14 mm (0-15°) || 14 mm (0-17°) || 8 mm 5 mm ''Hatches''
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===

The L3/33 CC is very mobile both on and offroad. 

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39 (20 mm)}}

Wielding an anti-tank rifle with a 10 round magazine capable of launching a small APHE every second, the L3/33, in the hands of a competent commander, is able to deal with multiple lightly-armored vehicles in quick succession. The only thing holding this quick-firing gun back is a lack of effective penetration to deal with all tanks at it's battle rating, requiring the commander of this vehicle to be up close and personal and/or flank in order to deal with well-armored targets ([[M3 Stuart]], [[Pz.38(t) F]], [[T-70]]). Certain heavy targets ([[B1 bis]]) should be avoided altogether.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39 (20 mm)|20 mm Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39]]
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="2" | 110 (10) || 60 || ±15° || ±10° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 17.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 11.9 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 7.8 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || APHE || 40 || 38 || 29 || 20 || 14 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Perforante mod.35 || APHE || 832 || 0.14 || 1.3 || 15 || 1.7 || ° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_L3 33 CC.png|right|x250px|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the L3/33 CC]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |11th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''11''' || 10 ''(+1)'' || 9 ''(+2)'' || 8 ''(+3)'' || 7 ''(+4)'' || 6 ''(+5)'' || 5 ''(+6)'' || 4 ''(+7)'' || 3 ''(+8)'' || 2 ''(+9)'' || 1 ''(+10)'' || 0 ''(+11)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The L3/33 CC is best used in ambushes, as this tactic allows it to strike from close distance; an hill can provide a nice spot for this, as the L3 has 15 degrees of gun depression and can get to cover by simply reversing if it is spotted in time. It is also useful as a flanker due to its small size (hard to spot) and high mobility.

When playing the L3/33, incoming fire should be avoided at all costs. Due to the cramped layout of internal modules and crew of 2, any penetrating shell is enough to destroy the vehicle. In addition, the armour is so weak that it cannot even protect against .50 caliber machine gun- play carefully.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Small enough vehicle profile to utilize small amounts of cover effectively
* Due to its small surface area, it is very easy to almost be completely cover in bushes, making it very hard to spot in most maps when standing still
* Great gun depression (-15°)
* Short stock grind, the best (and only) shell comes stock
* Low silouethe can be fully covered behind a single one big bush decoration
* quick firing cannon with autoloading clip
* best ammo is stock

'''Cons:'''

* Main gun can be difficult to use on all but soft targets over 400 m away
* Almost non existent armour, can be pierced by .50 MG from the front
* 2 man crew- low survivability when hit.
* cannon is only 20mm, it can be difficoult to destroy some obstacles such as walls.

== History ==
The '''Carro Veloce L3/33''', also known as the '''CV-33''' was a [[wikipedia:Tankette|tankette]] produced by Carro Veloce for the Regio Esercito beginning in 1933. The design was an adaptation of the British [[wikipedia:Carden_Loyd_tankette|Carden Loyd tankette]], which had seen wide success on the international export market and became the basis for a number of similar tankette designs throughout the 1930's. Because Italy lacked the industrial base to produce large numbers of more complex and advanced tank designs, the L3/33 and later [[wikipedia:L3/35|L3/35 tankette]] formed the backbone of the Italian armored corps and became the most widely produced Italian armored fighting vehicles of the war, seeing service from the Italian invasion of Ethiopia to the very end of WW2. Several variants were produced, including a flamethrower variant (the L3/33 FL, standing for "Lanciaflamme"), a bridge carrier variant and a command radio variant.

As the war progressed, and the Italians faced the Allies in France and North Africa with their more heavily armed and armored tanks and long-range anti-tank guns, the deficiencies of the L3/33 and 35 became apparent. Although fast and possessing a low profile, it was too thinly armored, capable of only withstanding infantry rifle caliber munitions. In addition, its standard armament of a 6.5mm machine gun proved inadequate for long-range combat or engaging other armored vehicles. While the Regio Esercito began slowly upgrading its armored units to more modern standards, stopgap solutions to make up for the difference were considered and adopted. One of these was to mount a [[Fucile Controcarri S Mod.39 (20 mm)]] in a small number of L3/33's and 35's, replacing the 6.5mm machine gun and creating an ad-hoc tank destroyer platform. These were designated as the '''L3/33 CC''', which stood for "contocarro" ("anti-tank"). Arriving too late to see action in Libya before the Axis retreat, they saw only limited action in Tunisia. Gradually, the L3/33 and L3/35 would be withdrawn from front line service, serving largely in behind-the-line roles such as artillery towing vehicles and police vehicles in Axis-occupied territories. After the Axis’s fell, many tanks were captured and either destroyed or repurposed. The last recorded use of an L3/33 in service was during the Iraqi war, where the US captured the tank.

== Media ==

===Live.Warthunder===
[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=it_l3_cc '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the L3/33 CC from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L3/33 [Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> L3/33]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}

AD-4

2020-01-10T15:09:02Z

U87547994:

{{Specs-Card
| code = douglas_ad_4
| cockpit = 358189/1214717
}}
{{About
| about = American attacker '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the French version
| link = AD-4 (France)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American attacker {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]].

The AD-4 is a thorough-bred ground attacker. It can be armed with a slew of deadly anti-ground weaponry ranging from several high payload bombs and HVAR rockets to a massive 56 Hydra rockets, capable of pinpoint precision and deadly effect. Though lacking in flight performance, the AD-4's armament allows the pilot to annihilate anything that ends up in front of his guns; destroying enemy planes in very few hits and being able to destroy even light pillboxes and light tanks with the right ammunition. If there are ground targets to be destroyed, the American tree can offer no better attacker aircraft.

The AD-4 is generally a sluggish aircraft, which should come to no surprise considering the engine output and weight of the aircraft. In sustained horizontal turn fights and all energy fights, the AD-4 will be out-manoeuvred quickly. Whilst it has speed, the AD-4 has a surprisingly high turn rate, though the high weight causes energy retention to be perhaps one of the worst of any aircraft in War Thunder.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the plane.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,822 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 558 || 545 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.3 || 24.6 || 9.3 || 11.5 || 600
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,822 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 621 || 587 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.1 || 23.0 || 24.7 || 15.5 || 600
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 378 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 460 || < 480 || < 410 || > 300
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,128 m || 2,700 hp || 3,200 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,920 m || 2,170 hp || 2,679 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 40 mm Bulletproof glass - Pilot's windscreen
* 9.5 mm Steel - Armor plate under the engine
* 9.5 mm Steel - Armor plate behind the pilot

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|AN/M3 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm AN/M3 cannons, wing-mounted (200 rpg = 800 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|AN-M66A2 (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|Tiny Tim|HVAR|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Mk.13}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 12 x HVAR rockets
* 12 x HVAR rockets + 1 x Mk.13 torpedo
* 2 x Tiny Tim rockets + 12 x HVAR rockets
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 12 x HVAR rockets (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs + 12 x HVAR rockets (2,000 lb total)
* 1 x 2,000 lb AN-M66A2 bomb + 2 x Tiny Tim rockets + 12 x HVAR rockets (2,000 lb total)
* 1 x 2,000 lb AN-M66A2 bomb + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 12 x HVAR rockets (3,000 lb total)
* 1 x 2,000 lb AN-M66A2 bomb + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs + 12 x HVAR rockets (4,000 lb total)
* 56 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:AttackerImage_AD4-SPM-SKIN-SRGB100.jpg|250px|thumb|right|AD-4 Skyraider, Performing ground attack role.]]
In an air match, you need to know where the most important targets are and immediately make a beeline for them. Using your weight and air-spawn, you can reach a relatively high speed for your airframe of 500 - 600 km/h in an extended shallow dive. Once at the objective area, your mission is to destroy as many vehicles that contribute to your team's victory as possible before enemy interceptors reach you. If possible, use your FFAR rocket payload, as they are incredibly accurate and are able to destroy light pillboxes and all ground vehicles in one direct hit. You can also use your AN/M3 cannons' API-T rounds to penetrate and destroy light pillboxes and light tanks. If this is your goal, use the ''Universal'' ammo belt if unlocked, as it means every other round is API-T. ''Ground targets'' use two API-T, then a HE-T and a P round, so it is not as effective versus aircraft while being no more effective against ground targets than ''Universal''.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

ALL fighter aircraft have a massive advantage they can exploit against you to easily defeat you. Jets, especially the [[Me 262 A-1a|Me 262]], have speed, energy retention and heavy armament that make it hard for you to win in a head-on or get your guns on target outside of one. If you're fighting against one, you don't have much of a chance other than to try and snipe them in a head-on before they get their rounds down range. Remember that the Me 262's guns have a notably low muzzle velocity. For propeller fighters, your tactic is the same and has a higher chance of succeeding thanks to your opponents generally weaker armaments and slower speed.

====Counter-tactics====

The AD-4 has a great burst horizontal turn rate, and can even compete with some of the poorer turning fighters when not laden with armament, though bleeds energy incredibly fast. When attempting to engage an AD-4, use the vertical to your advantage, the AD-4's incredibly high weight makes it almost impossible for it to fire on anyone above them as they will almost immediately lose all momentum.

The most important piece of information to keep in mind while attacking an AD-4; do NOT go into a head-on versus the plane. The AD-4's inability to get guns on target easily is mitigated if they can commit to a head-on, and with four AN/M3 cannons alongside a relatively tanky structure the AD-4 will have a high chance of critically damaging you and escaping to repair.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Controllable 2 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| SBC mk.I
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| TBC mk.I
| LFRC mk.12
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 20 mm cannons
| MBC mk.I
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
| LBC mk.I
| FFAR Mighty Mouse
|-
|}

;As an attacker, your priority is on obtaining more effective ground attack ordinance.

Start off with ''Offensive 20 mm'', to unlock ''Universal'' belts with a higher composition of API-T shells for ground attack. 
Then, research ''SBC mk.I'', to unlock the 12 x HVAR & 500 lb bomb combination.

The following depends on whether your preferred play style will be either Air or Ground attack:

;;Air

# Research ''TC mk.I'' to unlock the 12 x HVAR & Torpedo combination for maps with mainly naval targets and few ground targets, such as Norway.
# Next, select ''LFRC mk.12'' to unlock the path to FFAR later.
# With tier 3 unlocked, research the ''New 20 mm Cannons'' to fix the AN/M3's terribly accuracy problems and to make the ground strike more effective.
# As we're going to be using exclusively FFAR's later, research ''Engine'' and ''Wings Repair'' to unlock tier 4 modules.
# Finally, with tier 4 open, get ''FFAR Mighty Mouse'' as soon as you can.

56 Mighty Mouse rockets can be potentially used to destroy 23 tanks or light pillboxes, no other ordnance can compete. This makes it the obvious and only choice for grinding with the AD-4 in Air.

;;Ground

# Research ''TC mk.I'' to open up the path to MBC mk.I.
# Then research ''Compressor'' for the extra engine power.
# With tier 3 open, research ''MBC mk.I'', then ''Engine'' and ''New 20 mm cannons''. 
# Finally, with tier 4 open, research ''LBC mk.I''. 

FFARs may be accurate, but their post-penetration damage versus ground forces vehicles is pathetic. The large 2,000 lb and 1,000 lb bombs available to the AD-4 are much more reliable at destroying in general, and HVARs have far superior destruction power when they hit.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Incredibly large and powerful anti-ground armament selection
* Strong cannons for both air-to-ground and air-to-air
* Relatively strong structure and armour
* Faster than its predecessor, the [[AD-2]]
* High burst turn rate for its size
* 56 of High penetrating HEAT rockets

'''Cons:'''

* Slower than nearly all planes it meets
* Matchmaker allows it to face jets
* Extremely poor energy retention
* Low sustained turn rate
* Terrible stock aircraft (inaccurate cannons, slow, less effective payload options)

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the plane and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(plane-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the plane's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=attacker&vehicle=ad-4 War Thunder Live - User created AD-4 camouflage]

== See also ==


;Related development

* Douglas [[A2D-1|A2D]] Skyshark
* Douglas [[AD-2]] Skyraider

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Aichi [[B7A2|B7A]]
* Martin [[AM-1|AM]] Mauler
* Westland [[Wyvern S4|Wyvern]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Douglas}}
{{USA attackers}}

Merkava Mk.2B (USA)

2020-01-10T15:07:05Z

U87547994:

{{Specs-Card|code=us_merkava_mk_2b_late}}
{{About
| about = American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other version
| link = Merkava Mk.1 (USA)
}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]] as a reward for [[wt:en/news/6521-special-operation-f-r-o-s-t-en|Operation F.R.O.S.T]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Game Mode
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristics
! colspan="2" | Engine power (horsepower)
! colspan="2" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! Max Speed
! {{Annotation|Weight|Vehicle Weight (Tons)}}
! {{Annotation|AoA Weight|Add-on Armour Weight (Tons)}}
! Stock
! Upgraded
! Stock
! Upgraded
|-
! Arcade
| ___ || rowspan="2" | 63.0 || rowspan="2" | N/A || ___ || ___ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! {{Annotation|Realistic|Simulator uses Realistic FMs}}
| ___ || ___ || 963 || __.__ || 15.29
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 62 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | 8.1 || rowspan="2" | __.__ || rowspan="2" | __.__ || rowspan="2" | 6.7
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M156 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! rowspan="2" | Normalisation at 30° from horizontal
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || _._° || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,271 || +0.0° || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M156 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,306 || +0.0° || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''62''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

==== [[Optics]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics
|-
!
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| X7.2 || X8.0
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | ___
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (200) || 576 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Coaxial || 5,950 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Commander's cupola || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Loader's cupola || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Armour is composed of multiple layers, giving it a good protection against HESH, HEAT and some ATGMs.
* Stock HEATFS round works well overall
* Has access to a thermal sight
* Good mobility once spaded. Can take the capture zones with lighter vehicles.
* Good gun with effective choices of ammo.
* Engine in the front gives some extra protection to the crew.
* Low silhouette.
* Can't be hull broken.
* Very good gun stabilization
* Three extra machine guns on the roof to deal with lightly armoured vehicles, helicopters and planes. (2 x 7.62 mm + 1 x 12.7 mm)

'''Cons:'''

* Not premium (modules must be researched)
* Almost no protection against APFSDS which is quite common at the battle rating
* Engine and a fuel tank in the front mean that fires are common
* Driver has less protection than other crew members
* All modulesat front mean that there is no crew protection from flankers at rear

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA medium tanks}}

Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)

2020-01-10T15:04:34Z

U87547994:

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|A6M2}}{{Specs-Link|a6m2_zero_china|short}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m2_zero|short}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m2_zero_usa|short}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m2_mod11|short}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m2_n_zero|short}}
{{Navigation-Line|A6M3}}{{Specs-Link|a6m3_zero|short}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m3_mod22_zero|short}}
{{Navigation-Line|J2M}}{{Specs-Link|j2m3|short}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m4_kai|short}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m5|short}}
{{Navigation-Line|N1K}}{{Specs-Link|n1k1_kyuofu|short}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Bombers'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|G4M}}{{Specs-Link|g4m1|short}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|G5N}}{{Specs-Link|g5n1|short}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|H6K}}{{Specs-Link|h6k4|short}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|H8K}}{{Specs-Link|h8k2|short}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|h8k3|short}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|P1Y}}{{Specs-Link|p1y1_mod11|short}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|p1y1_mod11_china|short}} (Defensive)

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="6" |Penetration of the strongest Bullet at mm
!
|-
!Ammo belt
!10
!100
!500
!1000
!1500
!2000
!Belt composition
|-
|Default
|17
|15
|6
|4
|2
|2
|T/HEF-I/HEFI-I/AP-I
|-
|Universal
|22
|19
|13
|6
|2
|2
|HEF-T/HEF/HEF/AP
|-
|G.targets
|22
|19
|13
|6
|2
|2
|AP-I/AP-I/AP/AP/HEF/HEF-T
|-
|Tracers
|2
|2
|2
|2
|2
|2
|HEF-T
|-
|Stealth
|22
|19
|13
|6
|2
|2
|HEF/HEF/HEF/AP/AP
|}
T-tracer shell

HEF-High Explosive Fragmentation sell

-I Icendiary

-T Tracer

AP- Armor Piercing

-I Icendiary

-T Tracer

note(HEF-T - Weigth 130g, Muzzle Velocity - 588 m/s, Explosive Type- Pentolite, TNT equivalent- 6.05g, Fuze Delay 0.3m, Fuze Sensitivity 0.1mm)

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

* HEI has good stopping power
* Stealth belt can shred oponent in a short burst when well aimed

'''Cons:'''

* Low velocity even for 20 mm standard
* Low ammo count
* FI ammo lacks damage output results in a painful stock grind
* Low penetration thus ineffective in a ground attack role

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA aircraft cannons}}
{{Japan aircraft cannons}}
{{China aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

Merkava Mk.2B (USA)

2020-01-09T10:27:14Z

U87547994: Pros and Cons

Merkava Mk.2B (USA)

2020-01-09T10:14:37Z

U87547994: Added info about armament survivability and mobility

Merkava Mk.2B (USA)

2020-01-09T09:51:35Z

U87547994: Added projectile charts