War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Spitfire F Mk XIVe

2021-09-19T02:02:37Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the premium version
| link-1 = Spitfire FR Mk XIVe
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_mk14e
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.41]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,537 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 690 || 670 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.5 || 19.2 || 19.1 || 19.1 || rowspan="2" | 400
|-
! Upgraded
| 767 || 723 || 16.7 || 17.4 || 32.7 || 24.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 500
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,100 m || 1,510 hp || 2,150 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,100 m || 1,340 hp || 1,852 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 4 mm Steel plates in pilot's seat.
* 4-7 mm Steel plates behind the pilot.
* 3 mm Steel boxes around the wing ammunition.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate between fuel tanks.
* 6 mm Steel plate in front of liquid cooling system.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (135 rpg = 270 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, wing-mounted (260 rpg = 520 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 500 lb G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV bomb (500 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Spitfire F Mk XIVe, being outfitted with a Griffon engine, does not have as stellar of a climb rate as its Merlin engine counterparts. However, it still does have a very competitive rate of climb, and can usually come out above all but a few opponents. With such an altitude advantage, the pilot is able to choose which engagements to pursue, and the ability to choose engagements wisely is necessary. Since dogfighting in the Spitfire can involve prolonged turn-fights, make sure that no other enemies are nearby, or that if there are, that they can be dealt with by teammates. This plane's engines gives it great acceleration, and it also accelerates well in dives. Be careful though, since at very high speeds, sharp manoeuvres may cause the wings to snap.

As far as manoeuverability goes, the Spitfire is still very good at turning, especially at high altitudes. It also has a good roll rate, making rolling scissors manoeuvres a viable tactic in dogfights.

With these flight characteristics, the Spitfire is a sort of jack of all trades. It can turnfight well, of course, but it can also boom and zoom or energy fight with much success. However, the plane does have some drawbacks. For one, the powerful engine is prone to overheating, so throttle and WEP management may be necessary. Additionally, performance at low altitudes can be inadequate in certain situations. Finally, the only ordnance that the plane can carry is a single 500 lb bomb. While this can certainly destroy an enemy tank in ground realistic battles, precise aim is required to do so consistently, and the one bomb is the only anti-tank weapon that the plane has. Still, it excels in an anti-fighter role in ground RB; its excellent manoeuverability is well suited for the gamemode's tendency to involve one on one dogfights.

The Spitfire F Mk XIVe carries a fairly standard ammunition count: not particularly high and not very low. It's possible to spray a little bit, but it is also wise to keep an eye on your ammo count, and to preserve ammunition if possible.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good at turning, especially at high altitude
* Excellent climb rate
* Very powerful engine that provides a very good acceleration
* Very good dive rate
* Good roll rate
* Very accurate guns when modifications have been researched and equipped
* Lots of ammo for cannons and machine guns
* Can perform turn-fights, Boom-and-Zoom and energy fighting equally
* Effective counter to high-altitude fighters (Ta 152, G.56, etc.)
* Bubble-style canopy offers excellent visibility for simulator battles

'''Cons:'''

* Poor performance and manoeuvrability at low altitude
* No combat flaps configuration
* Gear and landing flaps rip easily: safe landings must be approached very slowly
* Oil and water overheat quickly
* Guns perform inadequately when stock
* Insufficient close air support payload options
* Inadequate armament for hunting heavy bombers like the [[B-17G-60-VE]] or the [[G8N1]]
* Poor wing lift coefficient when at high altitude, low speeds and stock

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
The Supermarine Spitfire Mk.XIV was a single engine, single seat fighter which served with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. In 1941 the Spitfire Mk.IV was the first Spitfire to be trialed with the new Rolls Royce Griffon engine. By the time the Griffon Spitfire entered service with the RAF in February 1943, subsequent modifications had redesignated the aircraft as the Spitfire Mk.XII. As successful as this new Spitfire was at low altitudes, the Mk.XII's performance was actually inferior to the Merlin engine Mk.IX at medium and high altitudes. Thus, the Spitfire Mk.XIV entered service as an interim fix. Fitted with a Rolls Royce Griffon 65 with two-stage supercharger producing 2050 hp, the Mk.XIV immediately corrected many of the performance shortcomings suffered by the Mk.XII. The fuselage was strengthened to harness the powerful engine and a five bladed Rotol propeller replaced the earlier four bladed examples. Early models were fitted with the Type C wing although later Mk.XIVs were equipped with the Type E wing housing two 20mm Hispano cannons and two .50 caliber Browning machine guns or four 20mm cannons, as well as a high visibility teardrop canopy. A common modification to the Mk.XIV was the clipped wing, which increased roll rate and gave a marginal increase to speed, but at the most of rate of climb.

The Spitfire Mk.XIV entered service with Nos. 91, 322 and 610 Squadrons in southeast England where it saw notable success as an interceptor against V-1 Flying Bombs but also as part of the 2nd Tactical Air Force in operations over occupied Europe. Spitfire Mk.XIVs were also planned for use in the Far East but whilst a number of airframes were shipped to Burma, none were operational before the end of the war. The Spitfire Mk.XIV met mixed reviews from its pilots; whilst there was no doubt of the huge performance increase the new variant offered, it was uncomfortable to fly and lacked the balance and control harmonization of earlier Merlin engine Spitfires. Just under 1000 Spitfire Mk.XIVs were produced with exports being employed by the Air Forces of India, Belgium and Thailand.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=spitfire_mk14e Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|YrotBJk-VYk|'''The Shooting Range #124''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:28 discusses the Griffons.|MNacjyimuCQ|'''The Shooting Range #95''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 03:42 discusses the Spitfire F Mk XIVe.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341988-supermarine-spitfire-fmkxive/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

N1K1

2021-09-12T03:04:50Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = N1K (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=n1k1_kyuofu
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese hydroplane fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].

The Allied reporting name for this aircraft was "Rex".

The N1K1 can be a great low rank fighter. Even though its flight characteristics may seem poor at first, there are several ways you can improve them on the battlefield.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The N1K1 doesn't have great flight characteristics. With an average turn time and rate of climb, it can struggle against other planes at its BR.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 473 || 462 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.9 || 20.6 || 11.5 || 11.5 || rowspan="2" | 500
|-
! Upgraded
| 507 || 489 || 18.1 || 19.0 || 19.2 || 14.9
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 394 || 387 || 350 || ~7 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 430 || < 300 || < 400 || > 324
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,600 m || 1,440 hp || 1,607 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,000 m || 1,280 hp || 1,428 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The survivability of the {{PAGENAME}} is typical of Japanese planes and not to be relied on. With non-effective self-sealing fuel tanks, it won't survive many shots, especially if it catches on fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 1 navy (20 mm)|Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)|l1=Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|l2=Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 navy cannons, wing-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 97 navy machine guns, nose-mounted (550 rpg = 1,100 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|l1=Type 97 No.6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==


The N1K1, though adequate for most situations, can be a pretty difficult aircraft to master. Its poor turn times and climb rates can make you vulnerable at low altitude.

If someone is to use this aircraft in battle, he must take advantage of his guns. They can be pretty powerful, so boom-and-zoom attacks would be recommended. You should avoid turn-fights, especially with British aircraft, though you should be able to out-turn some German aircraft.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Controllable 2 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Centre float can protect the plane from attacks from below.
* You can ram other planes with the float (esp. the wings).
* Can be a great boom-and-zoom aircraft.
* Self-sealing fuel tanks and armour, a feature not found on many low-rank Japanese aircraft.
* Powerful 20 mm cannons.
* Can be used to capture the base in Naval Battles.
* More ammo for the cannons compared to the [[A6M2]] (200 vs 120).
* Accelerates very fast in a dive, and retains the speed created in a dive for quite a while.

'''Cons:'''

* Generally weak airframe as with other Japanese planes.
* Poor climb-rate and turn time.
* Most of its fuel were in the central float, can be easily sets on fire and losing it for performance greatly reduces its flight time.
* Impossible to land on an airfield due to floatplane configuration, also cannot do fast landing on the water (with speed above 160 km/h) as the floats will break and causing the plane to sink.
* Average acceleration and top speed can make you vulnerable.
* 7.7 mm machine guns overheat easily.
* Long takeoff run on the water.

== History ==

{{main|N1K (Family)|l1=History of the N1K}}
===Development===
With the start of the Sino-Japanese war, the navy required a new line of planes for the southern expansion. One of these required planes by the navy was a fighter seaplane. Before World War I, it was not uncommon for seaplanes to play a central role in combat missions, but closing into World War II seaplanes were usually only used for observation and reconnaissance missions.

This plane was thought to be needed as some islands simply didn't have enough place for an airfield and were too trivial to send aircraft carriers towards. Which at the time of the Japanese situation seemed like a proper investment.

In September of 1940 the Imperial Japanese Navy instructed Kawanishi, who were quite experienced in developing seaplanes, to make a prototype plane under the name of ''{{Annotation|15-Shi|15th year of the Showa reign, 1940}} Seaplane Fighter''.

The chief design engineer appointed for this specification was Shizuo Kikuhara, who also worked on the [[H8K2]]. Kikuhara and his team were up to quite a task as comparing this specification to the [[A6M2 mod. 11]] that was just put into service in China. The speed exceeded by {{Annotation|30 knots|56 km/h; 34 mph}}, cruising range was two-thirds, armament was equal.

Simply put, the team was required to make a seaplane with the same performance as of the new main fighter and particularly the speed requirement was almost unrealizable for a seaplane (in 1940) let alone a interceptor like the ''Raiden'' which its prototype (J2M1) barely had a top speed of 578 km/h.

The maximum speed of the first completed prototype N1K missed the requirement by nearly 100 km/h, but Shizuo Kikuhara and his team would put all their technical efforts to achieve the requirement.

[[Template:AirManufacturer Nakajima|Nakajima]] also made a seaplane fighter of their own as temporarily bridge for the N1K until it actually entered service. This seaplane was simply making use of the new [[A6M2 mod. 11]], making it more waterproof and adding pontoons on it. The [[A6M2-N]] would be adopted as the ''Type 2 seaplane fighter'' on July 6, 1942.

After alot of development and trail time the '''[[N1K1]]''' with a ''Kasei 13'' engine would finally be adopted as the '''Kyōfū''' in December 21, 1943.

But during its adoption, the Americans already were waging a victory in the Solomon islands and the need for a seaplane fighter was no longer needed as Japan was on the defensive now.

===Usage===
Some Kyōfū's were based in Indonesia and were used as a interceptor of bombers with the use of aerial bombs that would detonate after a short time attempting to bomb American bombers such as [[B-24/PB4Y (Family)|B-24/PB4Y]]'s and [[B-29A-BN|B-29]]'s.

Other Kyōfū's were stationed in the mainland, primarly at Sasebo Air Group and the Otsu Air Group but have almost no record of battle.

In the end, the Kyōfū was little too late as its stopgap replacement, the [[A6M2-N]], primarily filled its role. However this indirectly opened its way to evolve in the [[N1K (Family)|Shiden]].

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=n1k1_kyuofu Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|OJSxY9Wt80k|'''Realistic: N1K1 Kyuofu [Fragile]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[A6M2-N]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/342003-n1k1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Kawanishi_N1K|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Kawanishi N1K]]

{{AirManufacturer Kawanishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}

N1K1

2021-09-12T03:04:05Z

U83296939: /* Survivability and armour */

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = N1K (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=n1k1_kyuofu
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese hydroplane fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].

The Allied reporting name for this aircraft was "Rex".

The N1K1 can be a great low rank fighter. Even though its flight characteristics may seem poor at first, there are several ways you can improve them on the battlefield.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The N1K1 doesn't have great flight characteristics. With an average turn time and rate of climb, it can struggle against other planes at its BR.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 473 || 462 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.9 || 20.6 || 11.5 || 11.5 || rowspan="2" | 500
|-
! Upgraded
| 507 || 489 || 18.1 || 19.0 || 19.2 || 14.9
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 394 || 387 || 350 || ~7 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 430 || < 300 || < 400 || > 324
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,600 m || 1,440 hp || 1,607 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,000 m || 1,280 hp || 1,428 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The survivability of the {{PAGENAME}} is typical of Japanese planes and not to be relied on. With non-effective self-sealing fuel tanks, it won't survive many shots, especially if it catches on fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 1 navy (20 mm)|Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)|l1=Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|l2=Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 navy cannons, wing-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 97 navy machine guns, nose-mounted (550 rpg = 1,100 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|l1=Type 97 No.6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==


The N1K1, though adequate for most situations, can be a pretty difficult aircraft to master. Its poor turn times and climb rates can make you vulnerable at low altitude.

If someone is to use this aircraft in battle, he must take advantage of his guns. They can be pretty powerful, so boom-and-zoom attacks would be recommended. You should avoid turn-fights, specially with British aircraft, though you should be able to out-turn some German aircraft.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Controllable 2 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Centre float can protect the plane from attacks from below.
* You can ram other planes with the float (esp. the wings).
* Can be a great boom-and-zoom aircraft.
* Self-sealing fuel tanks and armour, a feature not found on many low-rank Japanese aircraft.
* Powerful 20 mm cannons.
* Can be used to capture the base in Naval Battles.
* More ammo for the cannons compared to the [[A6M2]] (200 vs 120).
* Accelerates very fast in a dive, and retains the speed created in a dive for quite a while.

'''Cons:'''

* Generally weak airframe as with other Japanese planes.
* Poor climb-rate and turn time.
* Most of its fuel were in the central float, can be easily sets on fire and losing it for performance greatly reduces its flight time.
* Impossible to land on an airfield due to floatplane configuration, also cannot do fast landing on the water (with speed above 160 km/h) as the floats will break and causing the plane to sink.
* Average acceleration and top speed can make you vulnerable.
* 7.7 mm machine guns overheat easily.
* Long takeoff run on the water.

== History ==

{{main|N1K (Family)|l1=History of the N1K}}
===Development===
With the start of the Sino-Japanese war, the navy required a new line of planes for the southern expansion. One of these required planes by the navy was a fighter seaplane. Before World War I, it was not uncommon for seaplanes to play a central role in combat missions, but closing into World War II seaplanes were usually only used for observation and reconnaissance missions.

This plane was thought to be needed as some islands simply didn't have enough place for an airfield and were too trivial to send aircraft carriers towards. Which at the time of the Japanese situation seemed like a proper investment.

In September of 1940 the Imperial Japanese Navy instructed Kawanishi, who were quite experienced in developing seaplanes, to make a prototype plane under the name of ''{{Annotation|15-Shi|15th year of the Showa reign, 1940}} Seaplane Fighter''.

The chief design engineer appointed for this specification was Shizuo Kikuhara, who also worked on the [[H8K2]]. Kikuhara and his team were up to quite a task as comparing this specification to the [[A6M2 mod. 11]] that was just put into service in China. The speed exceeded by {{Annotation|30 knots|56 km/h; 34 mph}}, cruising range was two-thirds, armament was equal.

Simply put, the team was required to make a seaplane with the same performance as of the new main fighter and particularly the speed requirement was almost unrealizable for a seaplane (in 1940) let alone a interceptor like the ''Raiden'' which its prototype (J2M1) barely had a top speed of 578 km/h.

The maximum speed of the first completed prototype N1K missed the requirement by nearly 100 km/h, but Shizuo Kikuhara and his team would put all their technical efforts to achieve the requirement.

[[Template:AirManufacturer Nakajima|Nakajima]] also made a seaplane fighter of their own as temporarily bridge for the N1K until it actually entered service. This seaplane was simply making use of the new [[A6M2 mod. 11]], making it more waterproof and adding pontoons on it. The [[A6M2-N]] would be adopted as the ''Type 2 seaplane fighter'' on July 6, 1942.

After alot of development and trail time the '''[[N1K1]]''' with a ''Kasei 13'' engine would finally be adopted as the '''Kyōfū''' in December 21, 1943.

But during its adoption, the Americans already were waging a victory in the Solomon islands and the need for a seaplane fighter was no longer needed as Japan was on the defensive now.

===Usage===
Some Kyōfū's were based in Indonesia and were used as a interceptor of bombers with the use of aerial bombs that would detonate after a short time attempting to bomb American bombers such as [[B-24/PB4Y (Family)|B-24/PB4Y]]'s and [[B-29A-BN|B-29]]'s.

Other Kyōfū's were stationed in the mainland, primarly at Sasebo Air Group and the Otsu Air Group but have almost no record of battle.

In the end, the Kyōfū was little too late as its stopgap replacement, the [[A6M2-N]], primarily filled its role. However this indirectly opened its way to evolve in the [[N1K (Family)|Shiden]].

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=n1k1_kyuofu Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|OJSxY9Wt80k|'''Realistic: N1K1 Kyuofu [Fragile]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[A6M2-N]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/342003-n1k1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Kawanishi_N1K|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Kawanishi N1K]]

{{AirManufacturer Kawanishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}

N1K1

2021-09-12T03:03:37Z

U83296939: /* Survivability and armour */

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = N1K (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=n1k1_kyuofu
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese hydroplane fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].

The Allied reporting name for this aircraft was "Rex".

The N1K1 can be a great low rank fighter. Even though its flight characteristics may seem poor at first, there are several ways you can improve them on the battlefield.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The N1K1 doesn't have great flight characteristics. With an average turn time and rate of climb, it can struggle against other planes at its BR.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 473 || 462 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.9 || 20.6 || 11.5 || 11.5 || rowspan="2" | 500
|-
! Upgraded
| 507 || 489 || 18.1 || 19.0 || 19.2 || 14.9
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 394 || 387 || 350 || ~7 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 430 || < 300 || < 400 || > 324
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,600 m || 1,440 hp || 1,607 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,000 m || 1,280 hp || 1,428 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The survivability of the {{PAGENAME}} is to be expected of Japanese planes. With non-effective self-sealing fuel tanks, it won't survive many shots, especially if it catches on fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 1 navy (20 mm)|Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)|l1=Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|l2=Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 navy cannons, wing-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 97 navy machine guns, nose-mounted (550 rpg = 1,100 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|l1=Type 97 No.6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==


The N1K1, though adequate for most situations, can be a pretty difficult aircraft to master. Its poor turn times and climb rates can make you vulnerable at low altitude.

If someone is to use this aircraft in battle, he must take advantage of his guns. They can be pretty powerful, so boom-and-zoom attacks would be recommended. You should avoid turn-fights, specially with British aircraft, though you should be able to out-turn some German aircraft.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Controllable 2 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Centre float can protect the plane from attacks from below.
* You can ram other planes with the float (esp. the wings).
* Can be a great boom-and-zoom aircraft.
* Self-sealing fuel tanks and armour, a feature not found on many low-rank Japanese aircraft.
* Powerful 20 mm cannons.
* Can be used to capture the base in Naval Battles.
* More ammo for the cannons compared to the [[A6M2]] (200 vs 120).
* Accelerates very fast in a dive, and retains the speed created in a dive for quite a while.

'''Cons:'''

* Generally weak airframe as with other Japanese planes.
* Poor climb-rate and turn time.
* Most of its fuel were in the central float, can be easily sets on fire and losing it for performance greatly reduces its flight time.
* Impossible to land on an airfield due to floatplane configuration, also cannot do fast landing on the water (with speed above 160 km/h) as the floats will break and causing the plane to sink.
* Average acceleration and top speed can make you vulnerable.
* 7.7 mm machine guns overheat easily.
* Long takeoff run on the water.

== History ==

{{main|N1K (Family)|l1=History of the N1K}}
===Development===
With the start of the Sino-Japanese war, the navy required a new line of planes for the southern expansion. One of these required planes by the navy was a fighter seaplane. Before World War I, it was not uncommon for seaplanes to play a central role in combat missions, but closing into World War II seaplanes were usually only used for observation and reconnaissance missions.

This plane was thought to be needed as some islands simply didn't have enough place for an airfield and were too trivial to send aircraft carriers towards. Which at the time of the Japanese situation seemed like a proper investment.

In September of 1940 the Imperial Japanese Navy instructed Kawanishi, who were quite experienced in developing seaplanes, to make a prototype plane under the name of ''{{Annotation|15-Shi|15th year of the Showa reign, 1940}} Seaplane Fighter''.

The chief design engineer appointed for this specification was Shizuo Kikuhara, who also worked on the [[H8K2]]. Kikuhara and his team were up to quite a task as comparing this specification to the [[A6M2 mod. 11]] that was just put into service in China. The speed exceeded by {{Annotation|30 knots|56 km/h; 34 mph}}, cruising range was two-thirds, armament was equal.

Simply put, the team was required to make a seaplane with the same performance as of the new main fighter and particularly the speed requirement was almost unrealizable for a seaplane (in 1940) let alone a interceptor like the ''Raiden'' which its prototype (J2M1) barely had a top speed of 578 km/h.

The maximum speed of the first completed prototype N1K missed the requirement by nearly 100 km/h, but Shizuo Kikuhara and his team would put all their technical efforts to achieve the requirement.

[[Template:AirManufacturer Nakajima|Nakajima]] also made a seaplane fighter of their own as temporarily bridge for the N1K until it actually entered service. This seaplane was simply making use of the new [[A6M2 mod. 11]], making it more waterproof and adding pontoons on it. The [[A6M2-N]] would be adopted as the ''Type 2 seaplane fighter'' on July 6, 1942.

After alot of development and trail time the '''[[N1K1]]''' with a ''Kasei 13'' engine would finally be adopted as the '''Kyōfū''' in December 21, 1943.

But during its adoption, the Americans already were waging a victory in the Solomon islands and the need for a seaplane fighter was no longer needed as Japan was on the defensive now.

===Usage===
Some Kyōfū's were based in Indonesia and were used as a interceptor of bombers with the use of aerial bombs that would detonate after a short time attempting to bomb American bombers such as [[B-24/PB4Y (Family)|B-24/PB4Y]]'s and [[B-29A-BN|B-29]]'s.

Other Kyōfū's were stationed in the mainland, primarly at Sasebo Air Group and the Otsu Air Group but have almost no record of battle.

In the end, the Kyōfū was little too late as its stopgap replacement, the [[A6M2-N]], primarily filled its role. However this indirectly opened its way to evolve in the [[N1K (Family)|Shiden]].

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=n1k1_kyuofu Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|OJSxY9Wt80k|'''Realistic: N1K1 Kyuofu [Fragile]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[A6M2-N]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/342003-n1k1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Kawanishi_N1K|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Kawanishi N1K]]

{{AirManufacturer Kawanishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}

N1K1

2021-09-12T03:03:20Z

U83296939: /* Survivability and armour */

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = N1K (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=n1k1_kyuofu
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese hydroplane fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].

The Allied reporting name for this aircraft was "Rex".

The N1K1 can be a great low rank fighter. Even though its flight characteristics may seem poor at first, there are several ways you can improve them on the battlefield.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The N1K1 doesn't have great flight characteristics. With an average turn time and rate of climb, it can struggle against other planes at its BR.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 473 || 462 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.9 || 20.6 || 11.5 || 11.5 || rowspan="2" | 500
|-
! Upgraded
| 507 || 489 || 18.1 || 19.0 || 19.2 || 14.9
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 394 || 387 || 350 || ~7 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 430 || < 300 || < 400 || > 324
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,600 m || 1,440 hp || 1,607 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,000 m || 1,280 hp || 1,428 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The survivability of the {{PAGENAME}} is to be expected of Japanese planes. With non-effective self-sealing fuel tanks, it won't many shots, especially if it catches on fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 1 navy (20 mm)|Type 97 navy (7.7 mm)|l1=Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|l2=Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 1 navy cannons, wing-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Type 97 navy machine guns, nose-mounted (550 rpg = 1,100 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|l1=Type 97 No.6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==


The N1K1, though adequate for most situations, can be a pretty difficult aircraft to master. Its poor turn times and climb rates can make you vulnerable at low altitude.

If someone is to use this aircraft in battle, he must take advantage of his guns. They can be pretty powerful, so boom-and-zoom attacks would be recommended. You should avoid turn-fights, specially with British aircraft, though you should be able to out-turn some German aircraft.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Controllable 2 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Centre float can protect the plane from attacks from below.
* You can ram other planes with the float (esp. the wings).
* Can be a great boom-and-zoom aircraft.
* Self-sealing fuel tanks and armour, a feature not found on many low-rank Japanese aircraft.
* Powerful 20 mm cannons.
* Can be used to capture the base in Naval Battles.
* More ammo for the cannons compared to the [[A6M2]] (200 vs 120).
* Accelerates very fast in a dive, and retains the speed created in a dive for quite a while.

'''Cons:'''

* Generally weak airframe as with other Japanese planes.
* Poor climb-rate and turn time.
* Most of its fuel were in the central float, can be easily sets on fire and losing it for performance greatly reduces its flight time.
* Impossible to land on an airfield due to floatplane configuration, also cannot do fast landing on the water (with speed above 160 km/h) as the floats will break and causing the plane to sink.
* Average acceleration and top speed can make you vulnerable.
* 7.7 mm machine guns overheat easily.
* Long takeoff run on the water.

== History ==

{{main|N1K (Family)|l1=History of the N1K}}
===Development===
With the start of the Sino-Japanese war, the navy required a new line of planes for the southern expansion. One of these required planes by the navy was a fighter seaplane. Before World War I, it was not uncommon for seaplanes to play a central role in combat missions, but closing into World War II seaplanes were usually only used for observation and reconnaissance missions.

This plane was thought to be needed as some islands simply didn't have enough place for an airfield and were too trivial to send aircraft carriers towards. Which at the time of the Japanese situation seemed like a proper investment.

In September of 1940 the Imperial Japanese Navy instructed Kawanishi, who were quite experienced in developing seaplanes, to make a prototype plane under the name of ''{{Annotation|15-Shi|15th year of the Showa reign, 1940}} Seaplane Fighter''.

The chief design engineer appointed for this specification was Shizuo Kikuhara, who also worked on the [[H8K2]]. Kikuhara and his team were up to quite a task as comparing this specification to the [[A6M2 mod. 11]] that was just put into service in China. The speed exceeded by {{Annotation|30 knots|56 km/h; 34 mph}}, cruising range was two-thirds, armament was equal.

Simply put, the team was required to make a seaplane with the same performance as of the new main fighter and particularly the speed requirement was almost unrealizable for a seaplane (in 1940) let alone a interceptor like the ''Raiden'' which its prototype (J2M1) barely had a top speed of 578 km/h.

The maximum speed of the first completed prototype N1K missed the requirement by nearly 100 km/h, but Shizuo Kikuhara and his team would put all their technical efforts to achieve the requirement.

[[Template:AirManufacturer Nakajima|Nakajima]] also made a seaplane fighter of their own as temporarily bridge for the N1K until it actually entered service. This seaplane was simply making use of the new [[A6M2 mod. 11]], making it more waterproof and adding pontoons on it. The [[A6M2-N]] would be adopted as the ''Type 2 seaplane fighter'' on July 6, 1942.

After alot of development and trail time the '''[[N1K1]]''' with a ''Kasei 13'' engine would finally be adopted as the '''Kyōfū''' in December 21, 1943.

But during its adoption, the Americans already were waging a victory in the Solomon islands and the need for a seaplane fighter was no longer needed as Japan was on the defensive now.

===Usage===
Some Kyōfū's were based in Indonesia and were used as a interceptor of bombers with the use of aerial bombs that would detonate after a short time attempting to bomb American bombers such as [[B-24/PB4Y (Family)|B-24/PB4Y]]'s and [[B-29A-BN|B-29]]'s.

Other Kyōfū's were stationed in the mainland, primarly at Sasebo Air Group and the Otsu Air Group but have almost no record of battle.

In the end, the Kyōfū was little too late as its stopgap replacement, the [[A6M2-N]], primarily filled its role. However this indirectly opened its way to evolve in the [[N1K (Family)|Shiden]].

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=n1k1_kyuofu Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|OJSxY9Wt80k|'''Realistic: N1K1 Kyuofu [Fragile]''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[A6M2-N]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/342003-n1k1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[Wikipedia:Kawanishi_N1K|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Kawanishi N1K]]

{{AirManufacturer Kawanishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}

F-84B-26

2021-04-18T22:14:13Z

U83296939: /* Description */

{{About
|about=American strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other versions
|link=F-84 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-84b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_f-84b.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.39]]. The F-84B-26 is known for its versatile payload and decent top speed, but lacklustre in terms of acceleration. The Thunderjet does well at destroying ground targets, given the quantity and quality of payload.

The F-84 Thunderjet was Republic's attempt to convert from piston-engine aircraft to turbojets. F-84B featured here is primarily the same aircraft as the final test version the YP-84A, except that it had faster firing M3 Browning machines guns. Due to unmitigable problems, the F-84B (and F-84C) fleet only had a short four-year operational run before being withdrawn from service.

True to life, the in-game version of the F-84B has a relatively weak turbojet engine, though while it struggles to take off and gain altitude, once at altitude the fighter begins to shine. The F-84B while not going to break many records does have relatively good level flight and dive speed. The maximum speed of the F-84B was limited to 0.8 Mach (613 mph or 987 kph), flying faster resulted in catastrophic skin buckling or wing twist and shear due to the wing-tip fuel tanks which is a real concern when flying in realistic and simulator battles. This maximum speed limitation can cause issues, especially when flying against the Soviet [[MiG-15]] which has a higher max speed.

Even though the F-84B has an extremely long takeoff roll, this aircraft can be loaded with a variety of suspended armaments which other comparable fighters cannot compare to. The F-84B is an incredibly stable platform and is also outfitted with six 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns for targets of opportunity. Since each gun only has 300 rounds of ammunition, trigger control is necessary or else the pilot will be left with empty guns in short order. Considered a multi-role aircraft, the F-84B can be utilized as a fighter-interceptor, bomber interceptor and ground attack fighter. The F-84B can be laden with a variety of bombs ranging from 100 lbs all the way up to two 1,000 lb bombs. [[HVAR]] and [[Tiny Tim]] rockets are a viable option alone or mixed with bombs to expand the options of targets to be attacked depending on the map the pilot is flying in.

Like many jet fighters, flying slowly makes for an easy target and this is no exception for the F-84B. Speed is necessary to ensure manoeuvrability both to engage a target and to shake a tail. Don't expect this fighter when laden down with two 1,000 lbs bombs or two Tiny Tim and 8 HVAR rockets to excel in a dog-fight as it won't with all that weight, however, after all that ordnance is released the F-84B can then mix it up, though it is preferable to maintain speed while performing Boom & Zoom manoeuvres. The F-84B will help newer jet pilots get used to the basics of the aircraft before upgrading to the [[F-84G-21-RE|F-84G]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The F-84B is a streamline all-metal jet fighter which was designed to house the Allison J35-A-15 turbine jet engine. This early Allison engine proved to be weak on power when it came to take-off/thrust ratio and climbing speed. The distance needed to achieve the take-off roll became a joke with F-84B pilots as they quipped that there was a "sniffer" device mounted in the nose of the aircraft which upon reaching V2 (takeoff safety speed at which the aircraft can safely climb) it would then begin searching for the dirt at the end of the runway and when detected the controls would become operational for the pilot to take off and fly the aircraft. While a joke between pilots, it remains that in-game this fighter has a significant roll-out time of 1,500 m (~5,000 ft) before lift-off.

Though the take-off and climb characteristics of the Allison jet engine appeared lacklustre, it actually had decent level flight speed and good dive characteristics. Speed is what saves this fighter, in once it has enough built up, it will perform. Though not the fastest at its battle rating, the F-84B is a great boom & zoom aircraft vs. being a dog-fighter. Turning this aircraft will bleed its speed and the roll rate can be affected by the weight of the wing-tip fuel tanks. One negative aspect of the wing-tip fuel tanks of the early F-84s was that high speeds (+1,000 kph) tended to cause the fuel tanks to twist resulting in the destruction of the wings which does reflect in realistic and simulator battles in-game if exceeded. While turning in this jet is not advised, Immelmann and Split-S manoeuvres will help to conserve energy without compromising the speed of the aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,524 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 919 || 891 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.6 || 33.7 || 18.3 || 17.3 || rowspan="2" | 1,500
|-
! Upgraded
| 960 || 948 || 30.2 || 31.0 || 27.3 || 22.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 527 || 499 || 350 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 530 || < 600 || < 690 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Allison J35-A-15 || 1
| colspan="2" | 4,810 kg || colspan="3" | 254 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 38m fuel
|-
| 814 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 5,219 kg || 5,528 kg || 5,871 kg || 6,145 kg || 8,935 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 38m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,620 kgf || N/A
| 0.31 || 0.29 || 0.28 || 0.26 || 0.18
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,620 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.31 || 0.29 || 0.28 || 0.26 || 0.18
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front
* 6.35 mm Steel plate in front of the pilot
* 12.7 mm Steel plate in pilot's headrest
* 8 mm Steel plate behind the pilot

Like many early jet fighters, the armour was placed around the pilot while not much thought was given to the other critical components of the aircraft. From behind, the pilot is protected by an 8 mm steel plate behind the seat with a 12.7 mm steel plate as a headrest. In front of the pilot, a 38 mm bulletproof windscreen adds protection from head-on's or from defensive bomber weapons. Another 6.35 mm steel plate is placed in front of the pilot and instrument panel for further protection of bullets entering the open-ended air-intake.

Other critical components such as the jet turbine, fuel tanks and coolers are all exposed, only protected by the outer skin of the aircraft which may deflect incoming bullets if at sufficient distance or angle to do so.

When attacking an F-84B, aim for the centre of the aircraft where you have a good chance of getting a critical hit on the engine or in a fuel tank. Due to this aircraft having wing-tip fuel tanks, shots to the wings or wing-tip tanks have a potential of starting a fire or breaking a wing off. If the attacking aircraft has sufficient calibre ammunition then shots taken at the pilot may have a larger chance of success if made from the sides or behind. This aircraft does not have much protection against rockets or missiles, however, given sufficient notice, rockets can be avoided and it is possible that missiles can be outmanoeuvred, however, when playing in realistic or simulator you run the risk of the pilot blacking-out due to G-force manoeuvres or wings snapping while trying to outfly a missile.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The quandary with a stock F-84B is to decide whether to first research upgraded ammunition or components which improve speed? If choosing to upgrade the ammunition to gain access to ammunition belts other than the default belt, first choose ''Offensive 12 mm''. The modules which allow access to the bombs and rockets should be the last ones to research. The ''Compressor'' and ''Engine'' modules should come next (or first if you choose to upgrade the engine first) to increase the aircraft's ability to climb and accelerate. ''New boosters'', ''Wings repair'', ''Airframe'' and ''Cover'' are the next best choices for upgrades which help the fighter be a little more robust. ''G-suit'' module may be a good early choice if the crew points for are lacking, however, this fighter will not be making any high speed/high-G turns which should adversely affect the pilot, but this may come into play with arcade battles where wing ripping is not a factor.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M3 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine gun, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 1,200 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine gun, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

Early fighters had many different configurations of machine guns and cannons mounted in the fuselage and in the wings, sometimes needing to be synced with the propeller to prevent its destruction. With the jet age developing, many factors of the past needed to be reconsidered with gun placement. With jet fighters flying faster and chasing faster targets, trying to find the sweet spot with gun convergence was extremely difficult, jet fighter pilots needed a little extra help with this. Besides implementing newer gun sites and early radar, jet fighter guns tended to be fuselage-mounted, thus eliminating the need to set the convergence and at any point between 0 m and 800 m the ammunition rounds would fly true without a convergence point.

For the F-84B, four of the 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns were mounted in the fuselage with the other two mounted in the wing roots. While they were not all centre mounted, the two in the wing roots were close enough that convergence did not need to be messed with. Two ammunition options provide the most bang-for-the-buck, firstly, the omni-purpose rounds are good all-around ammunition rounds which provide tracers and explosive/incendiary rounds which are effective against aircraft and up to light armoured vehicles. Hardened vehicles and bunkers should be left to bombs and rockets for their destruction. If as a pilot you are looking for the sneak attack, stealth rounds will allow you to get on target fire off rounds and not give away your position, giving you a few seconds to make a second attack if needed before the target realizes where you are coming from.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}
{{main|HVAR|Tiny Tim}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x HVAR rockets
* 8 x HVAR rockets
* 8 x HVAR rockets + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 8 x HVAR rockets + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 8 x HVAR rockets + 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (500 lb total)
* 8 x HVAR rockets + 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (200 lb total)
* 8 x HVAR rockets + 2 x Tiny Tim rockets
* 2 x Tiny Tim rockets
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (500 lb total)
* 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (200 lb total)

The F-84B is one of a small handful of aircraft in War Thunder which offers many different suspended armament options ranging from bombs and rockets depending on the target needing to be destroyed. The smaller bombs such as the AN-M30A1 and AN-M57 and HVAR rockets are useful against soft targets like anti-aircraft batteries, unarmored vehicles, ships and some light tanks. The heavier hitters like the AN-M61A1, AN-M65A1 and Tiny Tim rockets are effective (more like overkill) for the softer targets, but also work well with bunkers, heavier armoured tanks, larger ships and can also be utilised against bases.

Sometimes the suspended weapons you start out with doesn't work well later on in the match, therefore you can return to your base and exit the aircraft (default key = 'j') and select a different load-out unless you would like to fly strictly as a fighter where you can select "without load" and rely just on the six Browning M3 machine guns. The wide variety of ordnance options available for this aircraft make it an excellent clean-up ground attacker which can attack just about anything on the map with the right setup.
== Usage in battles ==


The F-84B is a versatile multi-role fighter. Though not as fast and powerful as later models, it can be configured to be used in various types of aerial warfare, namely bomber interceptor, ground attack and fighter-interceptor.

;Bomber Interceptor

Some may question this fighters ability to be a bomber interceptor due to its poor rate of climb, but taking the time to side climb and gain altitude can pay dividends in the end. Care must be taken to climb away from hostile aircraft as any departure from climbing to avoid an attack will only increase the time it takes for you to get to optimal altitude. As a bomber interceptor, the pilot has two options for weapon load-outs.

If the F-84B is still stock or in the process of upgrading modules, the best bet will be to not load any suspended armaments and rely on the six 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns to do the work. Just using the machine guns will help save on weight and make it a bit easier to climb on the unmodified engine. For those pilots who have modified engines, they can opt for guns only for a quicker climb or attach HVAR rockets for an additional punch against larger bombers.

Once at altitude, scan and select a bomber target of opportunity. It is best to attain higher altitude than the bomber, giving you options as to which direction to attack from and increase your speed when diving in, speed is key to avoid defensive guns, race out of their range and to gain enough distance to safely turn around and follow up with another attack if needed.

Since the six M3 machine guns are virtually centred on the aircraft, the inbound bullets will be clustered and should be aimed at engines, cockpit, fuel tanks and any other critical areas as the body of the aircraft can sometimes absorb a large amount of smaller calibre ammunition before causing a critical hit or crippling the aircraft. The limitation of only 300 rounds per gun will require trigger discipline by the pilot to ensure enough rounds are available for a secondary or tertiary attack without having to reload or return to base.

Utilizing HVAR rockets at large lumbering bombers can have a great impact, though unguided, they will need to be pointed in the general direction when launched, it may take several practice runs to determine best angle and distance in which to fire from for a successful attack. As with any unguided rocket, the best bet is to launch a volley of rockets to ensure a greater chance of at least one hitting.

;Ground Attack

Jet fighters tend to not make good ground attackers as it typically requires them to fly low and slow making them easy pickings for enemy fighters above or anti-aircraft fire below. Since the F-84B is neither an exceptionally fast fighter nor a lumbering bomber, it has an advantage of being fast enough to be dangerous to ground targets without being a sitting duck for patrolling enemy fighters.

While many aircraft available in War Thunder has a specific role of fighter-interceptor, ground attack or bomber, the F-84B can set itself up with suspended ordnance depending on the targets available on the map. The F-84B has several options depending on the modules unlocked by the pilot which range from outfitting HVAR unguided rockets, massive Tiny Tim unguided rockets, 100 lb, 250 lb, 500 lb and 1,000 lb bombs or a mixture of bombs and rockets.

Smaller bombs and the HVAR rockets are best for going after lighter armoured targets such as aircraft (on the ground or with rockets in the air), anti-aircraft batteries, trucks, some light tanks and ships. The larger Tiny Tim rockets and bombs are best reserved for more hardened targets like pillboxes, medium and large tanks, bunkers, large ships and bases. This fighter is not afraid to get down and dirty taking out ground targets, just be aware of your surroundings and watch for enemy fighters or anti-aircraft guns poised to take you out.

;Fighter Interceptor

While definitely not the fastest nor the most manoeuvrable fighter on the field, the F-84B has enough speed and manoeuvrability to take on fighter jets. The centerline six M3 machine guns concentrate enough lead into one spot to damage or destroy fighter aircraft flying in its path. While turning this fighter is bad due to bleeding airspeed (although maybe an option if you are trying to force an overshoot), Immelmann and Split-S manoeuvres will help you change directions keeping up your speed and allowing for a getaway or a targeting solution.

Boom & Zoom tactics will enable the F-84B to have the speed to manoeuvre and set up their shots and keep them actively in the fight. Many enemy fighters may mistake the F-84B as a weak and slow aircraft, however, the machine is not 100% of the solution and many pilots can take lesser aircraft and best faster, more agile and better-gunned aircraft by using their training, skills and the F-84B. The only time to count out the F-84B is when you see the pilot bail out, otherwise, always consider it a threat.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Sufficient amount of ammo
* Excellent top speed in a straight line
* Above average acceleration levelled
* Above average roll rate
* Deadly rapid-firing M3 Browning machine guns
* Nose mounted guns, no need to worry about convergence
* Overall great durability
* Great at Boom & Run and Boom & Zoom
* Gigantic payload
* Air spawn in realistic battle (most maps)

'''Cons:'''

* Need a solid burst to down an enemy
* Engine suffers greatly at high altitudes
* Terrible vertical energy retention
* Loses all speed in turns
* Average climb rate
* Worst manoeuvrability of any early tier jets
* Can carry a large and varied payload, though all of them substantially increase drag and weight, severely hampering the performance

== History ==


In early 1944, Alexander Kartveli, the chief designer for the Republic Aviation Aircraft Company set out to work on a replacement for the piston-powered P-47 Thunderbolt which instead would be powered by a turbojet.<ref name="Burrows" /> All attempts at trying to use the P-47 frame to accommodate a turbojet failed and Kartveli resorted to designing a brand new aircraft around an axial compressor turbojet engine. Due to the nature of the engine taking up a large majority of the fuselage, fuel tanks were designed to be in the wings of the aircraft, however, the body was streamlined to make the smallest profile possible and retain all necessary critical components.

The USAAF in September 1944 released new requirements for a daytime fighter along with specific characteristics such as the top speed of 600 mph (966 kph), armament of six 12.7mm machine guns or four 15.2 mm machine guns along with housing a General Electric TG-180 axial turbojet also known as the Allison J35 series turbojet engine.<ref name="Burrows" /> Republic proposed their new aircraft and on paper proposed it would be superior to Lockheed's P-80 Shooting Star. The USAAF noting Republic's already proven experience with single-seat fighters proposed a contract without holding any competition. These initial order fighters were listed as YP-84As and P-84Bs.

These early test aircraft were put to wind tunnel testing and it was found that major flaws developed when subjected to high speeds, notably longitudinal instability in the aircraft's frame and stabilizer skin buckling at high speeds. Also noted was issues with the weight of the aircraft and the problem with early turbojets not producing enough thrust for takeoff and climb outs (a problem which plagued the F-84B aircraft until more robust engines were outfitted). Early J35-GE-7 engines were replaced with J35-A-15 versions which helped with the thrust ratio, however wing-tip fuel tanks were added to the mix prior to proper testing and issues developed which at one point grounded the fleet of aircraft until modifications were made.

In 1947, the USAF changed the pursuit designation of the aircraft to fighter and thus the P-84 became the F-84. The YP-84A and the F-84B only differed when it came to the type of M3 machine guns they carried, as the F-84B had faster-firing machine guns than the YP-84A. Early successes of the F-84B were overshadowed by problem after problem including a speed restriction limiting flight to no more than Mach 0.8 as any faster and the aircraft experienced control reversal where the pilot would input normal commands with the control stick and the opposite manoeuvre would occur (for instance if the pilot pulled back on the control stick to make the aircraft climb, the aircraft would actually begin to dive and vice versa). Even with the speed restrictions, the entire fleet of F-84B fighters was grounded by 1948 due to parts shortages and structural failures.<ref name="Burrows" /> It was also at this time that the F-84C aircraft were also determined to be incapable of performing any of their mission parameters, however since the F-84D was already under production (with all of the B and C variants issues being resolved), the program continued. Funding was allocated to upgrade the B and C variants, however, both were finally withdrawn from active duty service by the end of 1952.

Testing of the F-84D determined that the wings needed to be covered with a thicker aluminium skin to strengthen them which was helpful because the engine was upgraded to the more powerful J35-A-17D. Here it was found that during high-G manoeuvres, the wingtip fuel tanks led to the structural failure of the wings due to twisting motions. A simple fix of adding a small triangular fin to the external portion of the fuel tank alleviated that problem. Despite the fixes introduced with the D variant, it too was withdrawn from active duty in 1952.
The F-84E variant fighter saw modifications specifically with strengthened wings and a larger cockpit which was necessary to equip advanced avionics to include an A-1C gunsight which worked with an APG-30 radar.<ref name="Burrows" /> Folding rocket racks were also developed so that once the HVAR rockets were fired; the racks would fold flush with the wing increasing the aircraft's overall aerodynamics. Unfortunately even with all of the modifications, failure of the aircraft hinged upon the Allison J35-A-17 engines which were only designed to be flown for 25 hours a month and would receive a complete overhaul after 100 hours of flight. Due to the number of sorties flown in the Korean War, engine overhauls were taking place more frequently and quickly exhausted all of the spare parts and new engines produced.

The final variant of F-84 introduced was the G variant which began service in 1951. Utilised for the next nine years, the F-84G had new innovations which became standard on future aircraft to include, a refuelling boom mounted on the left-wing for in-flight refuelling, instrument landing system to allow for landing during inclement weather, a J35-A-29 engine, an autopilot system and the first fighter with the ability to carry a single Mark 7 nuclear bomb. The F-84G was retired from US service in 1960, however, countries such as Portugal continued to use this fighter through 1974 and were flown out of Angola.

The F-84 had a rocky start into the foray of turbine jet fighters, however, challenges and difficulties paved the way for the [[F-100D|F-100]] Super Sabre and the RF-101 Voodoo as their replacements.

== Media ==


{{Youtube-gallery|q5UG8S8sUvM|'''F-84B-26 Thunderjet [Fast and Furious]''' - Jengar|S6nbw0Yn56Q|'''F-84B-26 Thunderjet - The Art Of Rushing''' - Napalmratte|fogd5FZmJZU|'''F-84 ThunderJet - Realistic Battle''' -
MagzTV}}

== See also ==


;Other versions

*[[F-84G-21-RE]]
*[[F-84G-21-RE_(China)|F-84G-21-RE]] (China)
*[[F-84G-21-RE_(Italy)|F-84G-21-RE]] (Italy)
*[[F-84G-26-RE_(France)|F-84G-26-RE]] (France)

;Aircraft of comparable configuration, role and era

*[[M.D.450B Ouragan]]
*[[Venom FB.4]]
*[[Meteor_(Family)|Gloster Meteor]]
*[[F9F_(Family)|F9F Panther]]
*[[F9F-8|F9F Cougar]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/264957-republic-f-84b-26/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references>
<ref name="Burrows">Burrows, W. E. (2013, August). It had the body of a fighter and a bomber's soul. Retrieved from https://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/thunderjet-307269/</ref>
</references>

{{AirManufacturer Republic}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

BI

2021-04-17T20:53:04Z

U83296939: /* Fuel management */

{{Specs-Card
|code=bi
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=items_BI (USSR)
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}, nicknamed "The devil's broomstick". It was introduced during [[Update "Raining Fire"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6878-event-wargame-strategist-en|2020 Wargame "Strategist" event]], and is currently available for sale on the Marketplace.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 791 || 786 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.2 || 23.2 || 84.7 || 79.1 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
|807||799||22.8||23.0||116.6||100.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 320 || ~9 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 400 || < 410 || < 550 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="3" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="1" | {{Annotation|Basic Mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Isaev D-1a || 1
| colspan="1" | 924 kg || colspan="2" | 233 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="2" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 0m fuel || 1m fuel
|-
| 300 kg || colspan="2" | Liquid-fuel rocket
| 1,134 kg || 1,629 kg || 1,650 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="3" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 0m fuel || 1m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,121 kgf || N/A
| 0.99 || 0.69 || 0.68
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,121 kgf (any speed) || N/A
| 0.99 || 0.69 || 0.68
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 5.5 mm steel behind the pilot.
* 5.5 mm steel plate installed in the nose.
* 64 mm bulletproof glass in front of pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks* (7 under the cannon barrels, 8 behind pilot, 3 in rear fuselage)

<nowiki>*</nowiki>The fuel tanks are cylinder-shaped, not rectangular, like most planes' fuel tanks, allowing for more fuel tanks.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, nose-mounted (45 rpg = 90 total)

== Usage in battles ==

====Fuel management ====
Managing your fuel will allow your endurance to increase from 1 minute 57 seconds to over 13 minutes, only use the fuel you need to use.

To get the longest endurance out of its limited fuel amount, climb from the airfield at an angle of 70-80 degrees, at full throttle and as you hit 3000 meters, change the angle of the attack and throttle back to 30%. Adjust your climb angle to make sure speed is still increasing whilst the height increases too. This will allow you to travel to 5000 plus meters without burning much of your precious rocket fuel. This fuel, you will need for later in the battle. Once you have hit 5000 meters, throttle back to 14% and continue to climb and adjust your climb angle again to roughly 16 degrees. You can continue to climb at this angle until you see it fit not to do so.

When you hit the altitude you like, you can throttle back to 0% and just glide, with only minor adjustments to the throttle to keep in you level flight.

==== Descending ====

The key to descending without locking up and crashing is, not to point your nose straight down unlike other aircrafts, the BI is able to gain a lot of speed even in a little descent. When, the BI speed starts going over 700 Km/h pull up slowly and lose it, when you push the nose back down push the rudder all the way to the left or right. If you aren't losing speed fast enough, shift the plane 45 degrees to the left or right, with full rudder movements. This will slow you down.

Due to the BI being able to go over 900 Km/h with ease and locks up at Mach 0.76, descending from height from 5000 meters needs to be calculated based on the battle conditions in the match. If you descend to fast, due to a high angle of attack, you will lock up and crash into the ground, because you will be unable to pull out in time.

A high angle of attack for a descent is around -70 degrees, even using the ruder and shifting the BI to the left and right will not be enough.

A good angle of attack to descend is around -30 to -60, the steeper the angle faster you will go. When you descend keep your throttles at 0%, only when you are pulling out of the dive at the very end, after losing speed, they should be opened carefully.

==== Engaging in combat ====
The BI is similar to the '''''[[He_162_A-2|He 162 A-2]]''''' - small amounts of fuel and ammo (low flight endurance) but has astonishing performance, being able to climb 80 degrees vertically. As such it excels in the interceptor role, climbing at a extremely high rate of up to 116.4 meters per second in AB and 100.0 meters per second in RB. Able to shoot down bombers and fighter bombers before exhausting the fuel supply and landing again. Don't be rused by its acceleration into thinking it has a high top speed - the wings and elevators will lock up at mach speed: 0.76 Thus making any manoeuvres and climbs impossible. Flying full throttle at 8000 Meters, will see you rip your wings off in level flight.

Do not try to outrun enemies, in turn fights but instead use your manoeuvrability and acceleration to fight them, your speed & small size will be your only zenith. The BI only has 90 rounds of ammo, 45 rounds per gun. This is not a lot of ammo, you can get up to two kills, without having to reload with well placed shots.
=====Engaging fighters=====
Fighting fighters in combat, aim for the wings and tail, aiming for wings with the limited ammo which the BI has will cause the wing fuel tanks to catch on fire. Aiming for the tail, will see that the tail gets cut clean from the fuselage, unlike a bomber a fighter is smaller and lesser space for fired ammo to miss critical elements.

The enemy fighter, may see you sneaking on him or her, they will bank left or right, do not follow them in the turn, the BI cannot turn fight with out losing it's advantageous speed. Instead, disengage, throttle up, climb and come back around for another pass.

=====Engaging Bombers=====
Fighting bombers, aim for the wings and engines, aiming for the fuselage will unlikely cause any critical hits unless you can hit the flight deck. Aiming for the wings, increases the odds of hitting a wing spar and seeing the wing get ripped off with a short one second salvo. Aiming for engine, will knock the engine out and possibly set fires inside of the wing installed fuel tanks. The larger area with more critical elements increase the odds of doing critical damage with the limited rounds which you have.

Do not stay behind the enemy bomber, their gunners will hit your rocket fuel tanks and will see the BI set on fire. If it is on fire, break off the attack and dive as fast as you can, this will put the fire out. Then head back to the airfield and repair, and refuel.

==== Landing ====
To land the bi, you need to keep about 5 to 10 seconds of fuel in case you need to go around due to a missed approach. When on approach, you will need to lose speed fast, which it can do. This is due to the BI not using the sleek low profile aerodynamic wings, as you find on other jets. However, to do this, you must reduce the speed down to under 420 km/h or your gear will be ripped off making the odds of crashing on landing very high.

To land the BI, flip the plane on it's side, use the rudder during the turns to help cause more fiction with the air, which will start reducing it's speed. Due to the shape of the BI which features great guilder aerodynamics, it is able to fly at high speeds and keep the momentum even without any throttle being active. As soon as the BI touches the ground, apply the breaks and turn the rudder hard left and right to help slow it down.

Landing on short runways, should be avoided or risk crashing at the end, the reason for this if you come into fast or high the BI will bounce, it will bounce to 150 meters or more. Ideally you should head back to the main airfield which has the long landing strip to land on.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Amazing acceleration.
* Great roll rate.
* Excellent manoeuvrability.
* Takes off is very fast.
* Incredible climb rate, can climb at a whopping 70° when spaded.
* Very strong airframe.
* Very small size, makes successfully engaging it very hard.

'''Cons:'''

* Not very well armoured.
* Only has landing flaps.
* Can reach rip speed (Mach 0.81) while travelling in a straight line.
* Very hard to pull out of a dive, due to its great speed.
* Maximum fuel load is only 1 minute and 57 seconds.
* Limited armament, only two ShVAK cannons with 45 rounds each.

== History ==

Test Flight Log:

{| class="wikitable"
!Date
!Place
!Pilot
!Issues
|-
|October, 1941
| Lake Bilimbay
|Grigory Yakovlevich Bakhchivandzhi
|None
|-
|April, 1942
|Koltsove Airfield
|Grigory Yakovlevich Bakhchivandzhi
|None
|-
|May 15th, 1942 19:02 (UTC)
|Koltsove Airfield
|Grigory Yakovlevich Bakhchivandzhi
|Aircraft was damaged because of a hard landing and the pilot was injured.
|-
|March 27th, 1943
|Koltsove Airfield
|Grigory Yakovlevich Bakhchivandzhi
|Aircraft crashed and was severely damaged so the test flights were discontinued.
|}

=== [[wt:en/news/6873-development-crafting-event-strategist-bereznyak-isayev-en|Devblog]] ===
In the early 1940's, the OKB-293 aircraft design bureau began working on a new rocket-propelled aircraft design. The aircraft promised excellent performance figures, although at the expense of range due to the limitations of rocket engines at the time. After the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, the design was seen as a potential short-range interceptor design to protect vital Soviet land installations from air raids. Thus, the project was approved for further development work and testing.

Development of the aircraft continued, with several prototypes being made and test flown. However, rapid advancements in aviation technology, especially the appearance of the jet engine, during the war outpaced the development of the BI. Therefore, the aircraft never left the prototype stage and didn't take part in active combat. Instead the aircraft's development served more as a testbed for Soviet rocket propulsion research, with the insights gained being later used for other projects during the Cold War.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=bi Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|INb9VjLxKf0|'''Most unusual aircraft''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:44 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|WP9ouDTV81Q|'''A {{PAGENAME}}... to fly''' - ''Napalmratte''|llVOukVt1A4|'''The Shooting Range #218''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}'''Images'''<gallery mode="packed" caption="BI Devblog Images" heights="200">
File:BI WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:BI WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:BI WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:BI WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:BI WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:BI WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6873-development-crafting-event-strategist-bereznyak-isayev-en|[Devblog] Crafting Event "Strategist": Bereznyak-Isayev]]
* [[wikipedia:Bereznyak-Isayev_BI-1|[Wikipedia] Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1]]

{{USSR jet aircraft}}

F7F-1

2021-02-19T16:05:05Z

U83296939: /* Description */

{{About
| about = American twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the gift version
| link = F7F-3
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f7f1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_f7f1.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].

The Tigercat performs decently at medium to low altitudes. It has good firepower and performs well in a dive and can achieve high speeds. At sea level, it has a decent climb but at 3 km the climb rate drops substantially making fighting high altitude fighters in its battle range difficult. It is recommended to side-climb to 5 km and accelerate to a high speed before engaging the enemy. At its battle rating, it will be out-climbed by just about every fighter. The best defensive manoeuvre is attempting to outrun your opponent and engage in head-on engagements. For opponents you cannot outrun, the only hope is to lure them low in a dive where the plane performs better, but you will only be able to make a few turns before you run out of energy so make them count.

WEP on this plane is limited and does not add considerable power until supercharger gear 2 is activated so it is advised not to waste it until you reach about 2,500 m altitudes. At certain low altitudes, WEP actually reduces the engine power. The automatic engine controls will overheat the plane at 100% throttle necessitating the need for manual engine controls to open the radiators. The F7F-1 is difficult to manage and likely contains several oversights in the game that have yet to be addressed.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 659 || 641 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.3 || 27.1 || 20.0 || 20.0 || rowspan="2" | 444
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || 688 || __._ || 25.0 || __._ || 25.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 455 || 425 || 277 || ~10 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 467 || < 450 || < 555 || > 317
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 850 m || 2,100 hp || 2,468 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,337 m || 1,600 hp || 1,880 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M3 (20 mm)|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm M3 cannons, wing-mounted (200 rpg = 800 total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, chin-mounted (400 rpg = 1,600 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The main armament is extremely powerful. Equipped with 4 x 20 mm cannon and M2 Brownings in the nose, expect to knock planes out of the skies frequently. Unlike many other planes that have more spread out armament, the Tigercat packs a massive punch. If one cannon shell hits, the rest will as well. It is recommended that you research "New 20 mm Cannons" and "12.7 mm Ammo Belts", as the Cannon jam quite quickly and the stealth and ground target ammo for the 12.7 mm is far more effective than the default.

Use the armament wisely- do not use the cannon until you are about .5-.6 km from your target. However, the 12.7 mm is great for harassing targets out to more than 1 km. A good hit to the wings of any plane will bring it down, while 2-3 bursts to the fuselage will grind a plane to pieces. The Tigercat's devastating armament is also perfect for hunting down troublesome German bombers like the Ju 288 C.

The F7F-1 also has great late game potential due to its armament. If you aim well, you can take down light pillboxes with short, controlled bursts. Lightly armoured vehicles normally only need 1 or 2 taps. Unlike its event vehicle variant which has vastly better ordnance options, the F7F-1 is average at best in this department. With the maximum load being 2 x 500 lb and 1 x 1,000 lb bomb, don't really expect to take down many hard targets before going back to rearm. The secondary weapons are not recommended for use, as they will reduce performance considerably- also, due to the high BR, jets will exist and will intercept you before you are halfway to your bombing target due to their speed.

Performance-wise, the Tigercat has a maximum speed of 668 km/h (415 mph) at an altitude of 5,190 meters (17,028 feet), or 695 km/h (431 mph) at the same altitude with WEP. At sea level, the maximum speed is 619 km/h (384.6 mph), or 638 km/h (396.4 mph) with WEP. The Tigercat can climb to an altitude of 3,000 meters (9,843 feet) in 155 seconds (135 seconds with WEP), giving it an average climb rate of 19.3 meters (63.3 feet) per second (22.2 meters or 72.8 feet per second with WEP). It can perform a full horizontal turn at 3,000 meters in 24 seconds at a speed of 500 km/h (310.6 mph), as well as perform a full vertical turn at the same altitude and speed, which it completes in 27 seconds.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Punishing armament
* 12.7 mm guns are mounted on the nose and the 20mm AN/M3's are mounted very close to the fuselage, resulting in very little convergence
* Reasonable turn rate
* Excellent energy retention
* Excellent ammunition capacity
* Very high speed in dive and at level flight
* Very good cockpit visibility
* Very fast at low to medium altitudes, especially with WEP

'''Cons:'''

* Engine starts to lose power above 5,000 meters
* Mediocre roll rate
* Large target
* Durability is average
* Locks up quickly
* Engines overheat quickly, needs manual engine control to remedy
* Tends to have pilot knocked out due to bubble canopy
* Lack of solo potential, needs a good team or squad in order to perform well
* WEP is time-limited

== History ==

By around 1938, the U.S. Navy started investigating into the possibilities of a twin-engine carrier-borne fighter. The contract to develop such a fighter was awarded to Grumman. Quickly thereafter the [[XF5F]] was designed. The compact aircraft was to include a 23 mm Madsen cannon, two .50 calibre machine guns, and two .30 calibre machine guns. The Skyrocket test results were not very satisfactory and in 1941 the U.S. Navy moved onto to a new aircraft. The new goal was to create a heavy fighter for its upcoming Midway-class aircraft carriers. This next design was to incorporate two R-2800 engines, four 20 mm cannons, four .50 calibre machine guns, and the ability to carry bombs, rockets, and torpedoes.

The XF7F-1 Tigercat prototype made its original flight on December 2, 1943. The F7F-1 aircraft went into production in April of 1944, but the Midway-class carriers had not yet been completed, so the first Tigercats were given to the U.S. Marine Corp. Only 35 of these aircraft were built until production switched to the two-seat night fighter variant. These were built in limited numbers as well.

The Tigercat came too late to see any action in World War II. Late-model Tigercats did eventually see action in Korea with the Marines. The aircraft was eventually retired from U.S. service in 1954.

=== [[wt:en/news/3033/current/|Vehicle Profile]] ===
In 1942, after an unsuccessful XF5F Skyrocket (and XP-50, its land-based modified variant) project, Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation began work on an improved aircraft using the same twin-engine concept as the Skyrocket, which they named the XP-65. It was only a year later, however, that this project was cancelled, and Grumman began work on an entirely new plane based on the XF5F concept. This plane was intended to be operated from new, large Midway-class carriers (the first vessel being the USS Midway, which was commissioned in 1945) and Grumman had two main goals in sight – the plane would have ground attack capabilities, and it would be able to outperform and outgun any other fighter of that time. The maiden flight of the prototype, titled XF7F-1, occurred in December 1943, and was rushed into production in 1944 under the name F7F-1 Tigercat, continuing the Grumman's tradition of giving planes "cat" names.

The Tigercat was designed for two things – speed and firepower. The first of these was achieved by the combination of its sleek hull and two massive 18-cylinder Pratt & Whitney R-2800-22W Double Wasp radial engines, producing 2100 horsepower each. With these power plants, the Tigercat was able to achieve a maximum speed of 700 kph (435 mph) at an altitude of 6706 meters (22 000 feet), and had climb rate of more than 1372 meters (4500 feet) per minute. It was nearly 114 kph (71 mph) faster than the F6F Hellcat, and Captain Fred M. Trapnell, one of the US Navy's best test pilots, was quoted saying: "It's the best damn fighter I've ever flown!" The Tigercat's firepower was no less impressing. The Tigercat was armed with four 20 mm M2 cannons in the wing roots, and four .50 M2 nose-mounted machine guns. Additionally, it could carry up to two 454 kg (1000 lb) bombs on under wing racks, or one torpedo under the fuselage. It was also the first US Navy twin-engine fighter ever accepted into service, and the first US Navy fighter ever to use a tricycle landing gear configuration.

However, air tests and trials proved that the Tigercat was simply too overpowered for Midway-class carriers. Its landing speed was too high and it suffered instability in single-engine flight. The arrestor hook design was also proven to be unreliable. As a result of these multiple issues, the Tigercat was then assigned to be used as a land-based fighter in the US Marine Corps service. Deliveries started in April 1944, but problems with carrier operations clearance and changes in its operational requirements caused significant delays. As a result, the Tigercat was too late to participate in World War 2, and only 34 aircraft of initial F7F-1 versions were made. Tigercats eventually saw combat at last, but no sooner than during the initial stages of the Korean War, where F7F's managed to shoot down two North Korean Polikarpov Po-2 biplanes. Subsequently, due to the development of jet fighters, Tigercats were phased out of service, with the last of them retiring in 1954.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=f7f1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|t3xD7JpnHeI|'''Best aircraft for Boom & Zoom''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:38 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|d5k2T9FP0bQ|'''Avoid them in frontal attack!''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:06 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|PNkoJ-MFERc|'''Best naval fighters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/642/|[Devblog] F7F-1 Tigercat]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/325084-f7f-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wt:en/news/3033/current/|[Vehicle Profile] Grumman F7F-1 Tigercat [Decal included]]]

{{AirManufacturer Grumman}}
{{USA twin-engine fighters}}

Merkava Mk.3D (USA)

2021-02-02T15:55:56Z

U83296939: /* How to combat enemy helicopters */

{{About
| about = American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Merkava (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_merkava_mk_3d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=items_Merkava Mk.3D (USA)
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Raining Fire"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6878-event-wargame-strategist-en|2020 Wargame "Strategist" event]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Hull, turret)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Sides)
* Composite screens* (Turret front, hull front left, sideskirts)
** with NERA elements**

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60** mm (78-90°), 60 mm (66-73°) (+ 30* mm (74°) ''left'') ''Upper glacis'' 90 mm (36°), 50 mm (59°) + 20 mm (60°) ''Lower glacis'' || 50 mm (12°) + 15 mm || 30 mm (0-39°) || 20 mm
|-
| Turret || 170 mm + 40* mm (0-68°) ''Turret cheeks'' 30-400 mm (0-78°) + 100 mm ''Gun mantlet'' 40 mm (68-81°) + 50* mm (78°) ''Upper'' || 60 mm + 5 mm (0-60°) || 40 mm || 40 mm ''Front'' 20 mm ''Rear''
|-
! Armour !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 30 mm
|-
! Effective protection !! Front
|-
| Turret || '''Turret front:''' 200 mm ''Kinetic'' 1,500 mm ''Chemical''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tracks are 30 mm thick
* Road wheels are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,860|rbMinHp=1,061}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

A tip for grinding it:

Unlock parts first, horizontal drive, FPE, Adjustment of fire then M322. Everything after these can be unlocked after.

The M322 round offers up to 625 mm of penetration, it is able to penetrate most tanks at distance with ease allowing for other parts to be unlocked faster.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|IMI MG251 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[IMI MG251 (120 mm)|120 mm IMI MG251]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 46 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 32.4 || 44.8 || 54.4 || 60.2 || 64.0 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.2 || 23.8 || 28.9 || 32.0 || 34.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M325 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| M339 || HE-TF || 65 || 65 || 60 || 58 || 53 || 50
|-
| M322 || APFSDS || 625 || 622 || 613 || 601 || 588 || 575
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M325 || HEATFS || 1,078 || 15.81 || 0.05 || 1 || 2,360 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M339 || HE-TF || 900 || 17 || 1.5 || 3 || 3,660 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M322 || APFSDS || 1,705 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''46''' || 45 ''(+1)'' || 43 ''(+3)'' || 42 ''(+4)'' || 6 ''(+40)'' || 1 ''(+45)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Rack n°5 is a ready rack containing 5 shells.
* This rack gets filled first when loading up the tank and is also emptied first.
* The depletion order at full capacity is: 5 - 1 - 2 up to 4.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 4 into rack 5. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.
* The double rack n°4 depletes row by row from top to bottom (starting with the right rack).

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|5}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,950 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Commander's cupola || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -5°/+50° || -60°/+120°
|-
| Loader's cupola || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -5°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Merkava Mk.3D offers an excellent cannon and great manoeuvrability, along with great frontal armour protection. The front of the tank is heavily armoured with angled armour plates, providing protection of over 300 mm. The only main weakness of this legendary tank is it's side and rear armour. On the sides, the NERA armour only covers the top half, above the composite screen plates.
The composite screen plates can provide over 500 mm or protection. On the rear, the spaced armour only protects the crew compartments with 900 mm of air protection. Internally, the storage bins are covered in a fireproof container, with no ammunition stored in the turret. This reduces the risks of the ammunition being destroyed by a fire.

===How to combat enemy tanks===

Using the '''M325 HEATFS''' Round: is a '''H'''igh '''E'''xplosive '''A'''nti '''T'''ank '''F'''in '''S'''tabilised round, with a velocity of 1,078 meters per seconds, with a war head mass of 15.81 Kg. This round provides a maximum penetration of 480 mm at all ranges. To get the best from this round, you must aim for weakly armoured places on the enemy tank, generally the weakest places are the sides and rear of the enemy tank. At rank seven, most MBT's are heavily armoured with ERA plates which can defeat these types of rounds, with ease. However, it does not mean these rounds are usless, in-fact they are very good, instead of being able to single shot an enemy tank, it only requires an additional reload or two. The first shot, will most likely knock off and destroy the ERA plate. The second shot, will penetrate and knock the tank out.

Using the '''M339: HE-TF''' Round: is a '''H'''igh '''E'''xplosive '''T'''imed '''F'''used round, with a velocity of 900 meters per seconds, with a war head mass of 17 Kg. The maximum Penetration of the round is 65 mm, which is more than enough to penetrate the roofs of the enemy tanks, at rank seven. This round allows you to knockout targets which are hiding behind rocks, vehicles, houses and other objects. The round works by recording the distance to the target then detonating on them. To get the best out of this round fire above the target, allowing it to explode thus the enemy tank gets knocked out by being penetrated by the roof.

Using the '''M399: APFSDS''' Round: is one of the best rounds in the game it provides up to 625 mm of penetration. It is able to virtually penetrate almost any armour in the game at incredible lengths, at close range it is able to make the enemy tanker, go, pop.

===How to combat enemy helicopters===
The Merkava Mk.3D has four machine guns, one 12.7 mm mounted on the cannon, with an additional 7.62 mm machine gun mounted on each of the Commander's & Loader's cupola's and finally a coaxial 7.62 mm. The Merkava Mk.3D, is able to handle airborne threats extremely well; with its LWS/LR system, it alerts you to when someone is locking on with a laser range finder, which are installed in most if not all high ranking helicopters.
When a notification pops up, switch to gunner sight and enable the thermal sight, and look around in the sky and you will see brightly lit dot - if it is flying away from you, ignore it. If it is coming closer, keep an eye on it and wait until it is close enough for you to engage it.

However, if it has fired its ATGM's pop smoke and retreat behind an object, until its missile has been blown up. Then locate it and fire the four machine guns, which will be able to bring it down. Using the M332 or M325 round, a single hit in the fuselage will knock it out.

===Capitalising on the terrain and environments===
=====Capitalising on urban maps and environments:=====

When engaged in combat on a map which features an urban close range environment, the Merkava Mk.3D provides great threat to any enemy tanker. The manoeuvrability, is one of the best in the game, it is able to pivot on the spot and change course. If that is due to a sudden appearance of enemy tank which has appeared or if the strategic interest has changed, the MK.3D is able to handle it. To get the best out of the Mk.3D, either flank around the urban parts of the map or stay & utilise the compact urban environment.

To utilise the compact urban environment, stay close to buildings, use the buildings to your advantage. Using the buildings will allow you to dominate the battle zone, it's 120mm cannon is able to destroy enemy tanks with ease, especially at close ranges. It is important not to stay in the middle the roads or open areas which offers no concealment. The Merkava Mk.3D, is a tall tank, it is taller than the '''''[[M1_Abrams_(Family)|M1 Abrams family of tanks]]''''' This means, you can be seen and shot at by the enemy team, it is not a sleek low profile tank like the '''''[[HSTV-L|HSTV-L.]]'''''

=====Capitalising on rural maps and rural terrain:=====

To capitalise on rural maps head into the forest, and stay in the forest it's important not to leave the forest or rural terrain like this. This type of terrain offers great protection and makes the Merkava Mk.3D almost invisible to the enemy. The thermal profile is reduced by the vegetation, which blocks the heat signature. It's very important to use the correct camouflage, which helps to make you harder to detect.

The Merkava Mk.3D 120 mm gun is able to snipe the enemy tanks from far and wide. to win do not keep firing from one spot, after every shot move to another location using the rural vegetation to make you stealthy and remain unseen. The MK.3D has a thermal sight, that allows you to find the enemy tanks in situations like this. The gunner sight also provides a zoom of 6 to 12x allowing for pin-point shots combined with the M322 round - makes for one of the most lethal tanks in the game.

=====Night Battles:=====

Do not expose the right hand side of the tank, due to the exhaust gas which will make it impossible for you to locate and knockout enemy tankers with the thermal sight. Instead, keep the left hand side of the tank exposed towards the enemy frontline. It's also as important keep an eye out for air threats such as '''''[[Ka-52]]''''', '''''[[Mi-28N]]''''', '''''[[EC-665_Tiger_UHT|EC-665 Tiger UHT]]''''', '''''[[AH-64D]]''''' and other helicopters.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has access to one of the best penetrating APFSDS round in the game.
* Has access to timed HE, which can be set to detonate at a very specific distance, for example just behind enemy ammunition panel or above a light tank completely hidden behind cover
*Timed HE round has a less sensitive detonator than normal HE-type shells, so it can overcome common obstacles such as bushes and fences.
* Great survivability, thanks to its internal layout.
* Ammo storage is wrapped in a fire proof container, preventing it from detonating in-case of a fire, inside of the tank.
* Great manoeuvrability, able to pivot and turn on a dime.
* Certain redundant parts of the turret can be used as extra protection against chemical ammunition, or to bait shots from impatient opponents.
* Turret armour can withstand direct hits from enemy tanks.
* Engine & external fuel tank is able to prevent APFSDS from penetrating and knocking the tank out if shot at the front, head on.

'''Cons:'''

* Only has first generation gunner & thermals optics.
* Hits to the upper half of the hull can bypass all the screens and modules and go straight for the ammo or crew as the engine is not tall enough to absorb the shot - attacks from high ground are particularly dangerous.
*Due to the placement of the external fuel tank, which is placed in front of the engine. It absorbs the kinetic force of the round - Thus gets set on fire and blocks gunner view from the front with thick smoke.
* Engine exhaust is placed on the right hand side of the tank, the exhaust gas limits the gunner view, since the gunner can only see exhaust gas when traveling.
* In night battles, exhaust gas blocks out the right hand side of the vehicle from the gunner view.
* Weak side and rear amour, well placed shot here can knock the tank out.
* Tall profile compared to other tanks in this tier.

== History ==


The Merkava Mk.3 was an improved model of the Merkava Mk.2 that was introduced in 1989 for the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). It featured improvements in firepower, mobility, and electronics. It was in production from 1989 to 2003 and remains the most numerous tank in service with the IDF.

One of the most major changes was the change to the main armament. The 105 mm gun of the Mk.2 was replaced by a 120 mm gun produced by Israeli Military Industries (IMI) in Israel. The engine was also replaced by a more powerful 1,200 hp diesel engine. The turret was also heavily modified to allow target tracking independent of the hull's movements. Additionally, a two-way phone was added for communication between the tank crew and friendly infantry, the ammunition stowage was redesigned for more safety, and laser designators were added. The weight was increased to 65 tons, but the more powerful engine increased the maximum speed to 60 kph.

The Merkava Mk.3 Baz was an improved model that was introduced in 1995. It featured a nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) protection system, an air-conditioning unit, and an upgraded fire control system (FCS).

The Merkava Mk.3D was a further improvement that added modular composite armor on both the chassis and turret, visually most notable on the turret.

=== [[wt:en/news/6877-development-crafting-event-strategist-merkava-mk-3d-en|Devblog]] ===
Immediately after production of the Merkava Mk.2 began in 1983, Israeli engineers began working on the new Mk.3 version of the MBT. The Merkava Mk.3 introduced significant improvements over preceding variants in almost all aspects. Primarily however, the focus of the upgrades was centered around improving protection - by adding additional armor to the hull - as well as mounting the newly developed IMI MG251 120 mm smoothbore cannon, purpose-built for the new modification of the Merkava, in order to increase firepower.

Production of the Merkava Mk.3 began in the late 1980s, with the first vehicles reaching troops in December 1989. The Merkava Mk.3 remained in production until 2003 by which time around 650 vehicles were built. Thus, the Merkava Mk.3 belongs to the spearhead of Israel's armored units in the present day.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=us_merkava_mk_3d Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|uSAKjBXX_X0|'''Holding The Line - {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''DEFYN''|WdOQXq-CgCQ|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''|1gSNZiirWEI|'''The Shooting Range #219''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|gkyl7bowQ2k|'''Should You Grind The {{PAGENAME}}?''' - ''Sako Sniper''|TrwGDzUgUjE|'''{{PAGENAME}} - The Iron Chariot Ft. M322''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}'''Images'''<gallery mode="packed" caption="Merkava Mk.3D Devblog Images" heights="200">
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* {{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_1}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_2b_late}}

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Merkava#Merkava_Mark_III|[Wikipedia] Merkava Mark III]]
* [[wt:/en/news/6877-development-crafting-event-strategist-merkava-mk-3d-en|[Devblog] Crafting event "Strategist": Merkava Mk.3D]]

{{USA medium tanks}}

Merkava Mk.3D (USA)

2021-02-02T15:24:37Z

U83296939: /* How to combat enemy tanks */

{{About
| about = American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Merkava (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_merkava_mk_3d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=items_Merkava Mk.3D (USA)
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Raining Fire"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6878-event-wargame-strategist-en|2020 Wargame "Strategist" event]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Hull, turret)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Sides)
* Composite screens* (Turret front, hull front left, sideskirts)
** with NERA elements**

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60** mm (78-90°), 60 mm (66-73°) (+ 30* mm (74°) ''left'') ''Upper glacis'' 90 mm (36°), 50 mm (59°) + 20 mm (60°) ''Lower glacis'' || 50 mm (12°) + 15 mm || 30 mm (0-39°) || 20 mm
|-
| Turret || 170 mm + 40* mm (0-68°) ''Turret cheeks'' 30-400 mm (0-78°) + 100 mm ''Gun mantlet'' 40 mm (68-81°) + 50* mm (78°) ''Upper'' || 60 mm + 5 mm (0-60°) || 40 mm || 40 mm ''Front'' 20 mm ''Rear''
|-
! Armour !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 30 mm
|-
! Effective protection !! Front
|-
| Turret || '''Turret front:''' 200 mm ''Kinetic'' 1,500 mm ''Chemical''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tracks are 30 mm thick
* Road wheels are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,860|rbMinHp=1,061}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

A tip for grinding it:

Unlock parts first, horizontal drive, FPE, Adjustment of fire then M322. Everything after these can be unlocked after.

The M322 round offers up to 625 mm of penetration, it is able to penetrate most tanks at distance with ease allowing for other parts to be unlocked faster.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|IMI MG251 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[IMI MG251 (120 mm)|120 mm IMI MG251]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 46 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 32.4 || 44.8 || 54.4 || 60.2 || 64.0 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.2 || 23.8 || 28.9 || 32.0 || 34.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M325 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| M339 || HE-TF || 65 || 65 || 60 || 58 || 53 || 50
|-
| M322 || APFSDS || 625 || 622 || 613 || 601 || 588 || 575
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M325 || HEATFS || 1,078 || 15.81 || 0.05 || 1 || 2,360 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M339 || HE-TF || 900 || 17 || 1.5 || 3 || 3,660 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M322 || APFSDS || 1,705 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''46''' || 45 ''(+1)'' || 43 ''(+3)'' || 42 ''(+4)'' || 6 ''(+40)'' || 1 ''(+45)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Rack n°5 is a ready rack containing 5 shells.
* This rack gets filled first when loading up the tank and is also emptied first.
* The depletion order at full capacity is: 5 - 1 - 2 up to 4.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 4 into rack 5. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.
* The double rack n°4 depletes row by row from top to bottom (starting with the right rack).

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|5}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,950 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Commander's cupola || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -5°/+50° || -60°/+120°
|-
| Loader's cupola || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -5°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Merkava Mk.3D offers an excellent cannon and great manoeuvrability, along with great frontal armour protection. The front of the tank is heavily armoured with angled armour plates, providing protection of over 300 mm. The only main weakness of this legendary tank is it's side and rear armour. On the sides, the NERA armour only covers the top half, above the composite screen plates.
The composite screen plates can provide over 500 mm or protection. On the rear, the spaced armour only protects the crew compartments with 900 mm of air protection. Internally, the storage bins are covered in a fireproof container, with no ammunition stored in the turret. This reduces the risks of the ammunition being destroyed by a fire.

===How to combat enemy tanks===

Using the '''M325 HEATFS''' Round: is a '''H'''igh '''E'''xplosive '''A'''nti '''T'''ank '''F'''in '''S'''tabilised round, with a velocity of 1,078 meters per seconds, with a war head mass of 15.81 Kg. This round provides a maximum penetration of 480 mm at all ranges. To get the best from this round, you must aim for weakly armoured places on the enemy tank, generally the weakest places are the sides and rear of the enemy tank. At rank seven, most MBT's are heavily armoured with ERA plates which can defeat these types of rounds, with ease. However, it does not mean these rounds are usless, in-fact they are very good, instead of being able to single shot an enemy tank, it only requires an additional reload or two. The first shot, will most likely knock off and destroy the ERA plate. The second shot, will penetrate and knock the tank out.

Using the '''M339: HE-TF''' Round: is a '''H'''igh '''E'''xplosive '''T'''imed '''F'''used round, with a velocity of 900 meters per seconds, with a war head mass of 17 Kg. The maximum Penetration of the round is 65 mm, which is more than enough to penetrate the roofs of the enemy tanks, at rank seven. This round allows you to knockout targets which are hiding behind rocks, vehicles, houses and other objects. The round works by recording the distance to the target then detonating on them. To get the best out of this round fire above the target, allowing it to explode thus the enemy tank gets knocked out by being penetrated by the roof.

Using the '''M399: APFSDS''' Round: is one of the best rounds in the game it provides up to 625 mm of penetration. It is able to virtually penetrate almost any armour in the game at incredible lengths, at close range it is able to make the enemy tanker, go, pop.

===How to combat enemy helicopters===
The Merkava Mk.3D has four machine guns, one 12.7 mm mounted on the cannon, with an additional 7.62 mm machine gun mounted on each of the Commander's & Loader's cupola's and finally a coaxial 7.62 mm. The Merkava Mk.3D, is able to handle airborne threats extremally well, with it's LWS/LR system it alerts you to when someone is locking on with a laser range finder, which are installed in most if not all high ranking helicopters.
When a notification pops up, switch to gunner sight and enable the thermal sight, look around in the sky and you will see brightly lit dot - if it flying away from you ignore it. If it is coming closer, keep an eye on it and wait until it is close enough for you to engage it.

However, if it has fired it's ATGM's pop smoke and retreat behind an object, until it's missile has blown up. Then locate it and fire the four machine guns, it will be able to bring it down. Or a using the M332 or M325 round a single hit in the fuselage will knock it out.

===Capitalising on the terrain and environments===
=====Capitalising on urban maps and environments:=====

When engaged in combat on a map which features an urban close range environment, the Merkava Mk.3D provides great threat to any enemy tanker. The manoeuvrability, is one of the best in the game, it is able to pivot on the spot and change course. If that is due to a sudden appearance of enemy tank which has appeared or if the strategic interest has changed, the MK.3D is able to handle it. To get the best out of the Mk.3D, either flank around the urban parts of the map or stay & utilise the compact urban environment.

To utilise the compact urban environment, stay close to buildings, use the buildings to your advantage. Using the buildings will allow you to dominate the battle zone, it's 120mm cannon is able to destroy enemy tanks with ease, especially at close ranges. It is important not to stay in the middle the roads or open areas which offers no concealment. The Merkava Mk.3D, is a tall tank, it is taller than the '''''[[M1_Abrams_(Family)|M1 Abrams family of tanks]]''''' This means, you can be seen and shot at by the enemy team, it is not a sleek low profile tank like the '''''[[HSTV-L|HSTV-L.]]'''''

=====Capitalising on rural maps and rural terrain:=====

To capitalise on rural maps head into the forest, and stay in the forest it's important not to leave the forest or rural terrain like this. This type of terrain offers great protection and makes the Merkava Mk.3D almost invisible to the enemy. The thermal profile is reduced by the vegetation, which blocks the heat signature. It's very important to use the correct camouflage, which helps to make you harder to detect.

The Merkava Mk.3D 120 mm gun is able to snipe the enemy tanks from far and wide. to win do not keep firing from one spot, after every shot move to another location using the rural vegetation to make you stealthy and remain unseen. The MK.3D has a thermal sight, that allows you to find the enemy tanks in situations like this. The gunner sight also provides a zoom of 6 to 12x allowing for pin-point shots combined with the M322 round - makes for one of the most lethal tanks in the game.

=====Night Battles:=====

Do not expose the right hand side of the tank, due to the exhaust gas which will make it impossible for you to locate and knockout enemy tankers with the thermal sight. Instead, keep the left hand side of the tank exposed towards the enemy frontline. It's also as important keep an eye out for air threats such as '''''[[Ka-52]]''''', '''''[[Mi-28N]]''''', '''''[[EC-665_Tiger_UHT|EC-665 Tiger UHT]]''''', '''''[[AH-64D]]''''' and other helicopters.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has access to one of the best penetrating APFSDS round in the game.
* Has access to timed HE, which can be set to detonate at a very specific distance, for example just behind enemy ammunition panel or above a light tank completely hidden behind cover
*Timed HE round has a less sensitive detonator than normal HE-type shells, so it can overcome common obstacles such as bushes and fences.
* Great survivability, thanks to its internal layout.
* Ammo storage is wrapped in a fire proof container, preventing it from detonating in-case of a fire, inside of the tank.
* Great manoeuvrability, able to pivot and turn on a dime.
* Certain redundant parts of the turret can be used as extra protection against chemical ammunition, or to bait shots from impatient opponents.
* Turret armour can withstand direct hits from enemy tanks.
* Engine & external fuel tank is able to prevent APFSDS from penetrating and knocking the tank out if shot at the front, head on.

'''Cons:'''

* Only has first generation gunner & thermals optics.
* Hits to the upper half of the hull can bypass all the screens and modules and go straight for the ammo or crew as the engine is not tall enough to absorb the shot - attacks from high ground are particularly dangerous.
*Due to the placement of the external fuel tank, which is placed in front of the engine. It absorbs the kinetic force of the round - Thus gets set on fire and blocks gunner view from the front with thick smoke.
* Engine exhaust is placed on the right hand side of the tank, the exhaust gas limits the gunner view, since the gunner can only see exhaust gas when traveling.
* In night battles, exhaust gas blocks out the right hand side of the vehicle from the gunner view.
* Weak side and rear amour, well placed shot here can knock the tank out.
* Tall profile compared to other tanks in this tier.

== History ==


The Merkava Mk.3 was an improved model of the Merkava Mk.2 that was introduced in 1989 for the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). It featured improvements in firepower, mobility, and electronics. It was in production from 1989 to 2003 and remains the most numerous tank in service with the IDF.

One of the most major changes was the change to the main armament. The 105 mm gun of the Mk.2 was replaced by a 120 mm gun produced by Israeli Military Industries (IMI) in Israel. The engine was also replaced by a more powerful 1,200 hp diesel engine. The turret was also heavily modified to allow target tracking independent of the hull's movements. Additionally, a two-way phone was added for communication between the tank crew and friendly infantry, the ammunition stowage was redesigned for more safety, and laser designators were added. The weight was increased to 65 tons, but the more powerful engine increased the maximum speed to 60 kph.

The Merkava Mk.3 Baz was an improved model that was introduced in 1995. It featured a nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) protection system, an air-conditioning unit, and an upgraded fire control system (FCS).

The Merkava Mk.3D was a further improvement that added modular composite armor on both the chassis and turret, visually most notable on the turret.

=== [[wt:en/news/6877-development-crafting-event-strategist-merkava-mk-3d-en|Devblog]] ===
Immediately after production of the Merkava Mk.2 began in 1983, Israeli engineers began working on the new Mk.3 version of the MBT. The Merkava Mk.3 introduced significant improvements over preceding variants in almost all aspects. Primarily however, the focus of the upgrades was centered around improving protection - by adding additional armor to the hull - as well as mounting the newly developed IMI MG251 120 mm smoothbore cannon, purpose-built for the new modification of the Merkava, in order to increase firepower.

Production of the Merkava Mk.3 began in the late 1980s, with the first vehicles reaching troops in December 1989. The Merkava Mk.3 remained in production until 2003 by which time around 650 vehicles were built. Thus, the Merkava Mk.3 belongs to the spearhead of Israel's armored units in the present day.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=us_merkava_mk_3d Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|uSAKjBXX_X0|'''Holding The Line - {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''DEFYN''|WdOQXq-CgCQ|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''|1gSNZiirWEI|'''The Shooting Range #219''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|gkyl7bowQ2k|'''Should You Grind The {{PAGENAME}}?''' - ''Sako Sniper''|TrwGDzUgUjE|'''{{PAGENAME}} - The Iron Chariot Ft. M322''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}'''Images'''<gallery mode="packed" caption="Merkava Mk.3D Devblog Images" heights="200">
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Merkava Mk.3D WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* {{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_1}}
* {{Specs-Link|us_merkava_mk_2b_late}}

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Merkava#Merkava_Mark_III|[Wikipedia] Merkava Mark III]]
* [[wt:/en/news/6877-development-crafting-event-strategist-merkava-mk-3d-en|[Devblog] Crafting event "Strategist": Merkava Mk.3D]]

{{USA medium tanks}}

M4A1 (76) W

2020-11-10T03:08:24Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m4a1_76w_sherman}}
{{About
| about = American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M4 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M4A1(76)WSherman.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. The M4A1 (76) also introduces the more penetrative [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm cannon]] to the M4 Sherman series of tanks that gives the Sherman a substantial upgrade to fight Rank III enemy tanks.

When compared to the prior models of M4 series tank, one will note the larger and flatter gun mantlet designed to support the 76.2mm gun. unfortunately, the gun mantlet lacks a spall shield behind it like the predecessor M4 and M4A2 Sherman models have. The M4A1 76 W has the same cast hull as the original M4A1 but unlike the original, it appears to have a 2x6 lumber board attached to the front holding petrol cans, a bogey wheel and tracks up onto the hull. The latter two added for light appliqué armour. The two viewports for the machine gunner and driver have also been replaced with periscopes.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Cast homogeneous armour
*Rolled homogeneous armour (Lower side hull)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 63.5 mm (40-62°) ''Front glacis'' 63.5 mm (16-59°) ''Transmission housing'' || 38.1 mm || 38.1 mm (16°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm (16-53°) ''Bottom'' || 19.5 mm
|-
| Turret || 63.5 mm (0-51°) ''Turret front'' 88.9 mm (5-19°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 63.5 mm (1-20°) || 63.5 mm (0-57°) || 25.4 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 63.5 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Front armour slope not even, lower part is weaker than top.
* Unlike original [[M4A1|model]], part of roof can be seen on very top of front glacis, presenting a weak point right under turret
* Belly armour is 25.4 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=713|rbMinHp=407|AoAweight=0.65}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M1 (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm M1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 71 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.47 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M62 shell || APCBC || 149 || 146 || 133 || 119 || 106 || 95
|-
| M42A1 shell || HE || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7
|-
| M79 shot || AP || 134 || 132 || 121 || 109 || 99 || 89
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M62 shell || APCBC || 792 || 7.00 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 63.7 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| M42A1 shell || HE || 800 || 5.84 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 390 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M79 shot || AP || 792 || 6.80 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M88 || 274 || 3.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''71''' || 57 ''(+14)'' || 43 ''(+28)'' || 29 ''(+42)'' || 15 ''(+56)'' || 1 ''(+70)'' || Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 576 || -10°/+30° || ±60°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

In general terms, the M4A1 (76) W is a excellent tank for its battle rating, offering an effective gun, decent mobility, decent armour, and excellent gun handling.

The M4A1 (76) W has an unusually high profile and thus it is difficult to drive around undetected. While playing this tank, the unusually high profile, but well-armoured turret combined with excellent gun depression means that the M4A1 can take advantage of many hull-down positions throughout the map. The stabilizer also gives an excellent first shot/first hit possibility and allows the M4A1 to drive around some corners at low speed and make itself slightly harder to hit. The cast shape of the hull also creates some extreme angles where even more powerful shells from the [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm]], [[KwK 36 (88 mm)|88 mm]], and [[KwK 42 (75 mm)|KwK 42]] 75 mm can bounce. It is notably better armoured than the [[Pz.IV H|Pz.IV H]] or [[T-34-57]] of similar rank and offers equal or better mobility than most.

Since the ammo stowage in this model is wet stowage, the ammo is stored in a box filled with water on the floor of the tank so it's harder to hit than in previous Sherman models ([[M4|M4]], [[M4A1|M4A1]], [[M4A2|M4A2]], and [[M4A3 (105)|M4A3(105)]]), but the more powerful tanks like the [[Tiger_H1|Tiger H1]] and [[Panther_D|Panther D]] can easily destroy the M4A1 even if the latter shoots first. In addition, they can easily penetrate the Sherman's frontal armour at almost all ranges and in most cases, if they are using the correct ammo, the shells' shrapnel will incapacitate all the crew. When not in a max up-tier, the M4A1 (76) W can confidently engage most enemies from 3.7-5.3 with little issue. In the event of a max up-tier, the Sherman must rely on its fast reload time of 7.6 seconds, its gun stabilizer in order to make accurate moving shots, its gun depression of -10 degrees, and its possession of enough mobility to flank heavier tanks. With its pintle mounted 12.7 mm M2 gun and the coaxial M1919A4 7.62 mm gun, the M4A1 can defend itself and the team from enemy aircraft as well as to incapacitate most SPAA.

The most dangerous opponents the 76 Sherman can face (This will apply to most American tanks armed with the 76mm M1 gun, excluding the Jumbo 76) are the aforementioned Tiger H1/E and Panther Ds, as well as the Soviet IS-1s and KV-85s. High-velocity guns armed by these tanks combined with their very thick/sloped armour makes them extremely dangerous opponents the M4A1 (76) can face. The standard T-34-85s and Panzer IVs can also be a danger, and can instantly knock out the M4A1 with one shot. However, so can the 76 mm gun on the M4A1.

While it is recommended to disable the turret on the tanks mentioned above, note that for the T-34-85s, the best spot to target would be their abnormally large turret gap/ring. The gap is a well-exploitable weakness found on many T-34 designs starting with the T-34 1942 model, as it is noticeably large, thin and not-at-all angled. Shots here with the M62 APCBC-HE shot will result in an instant knock out.

The speedy R3 T20 FA-HS can appear in higher BR battles and circle around you with ease and wipe out all your crew with its fast firing autocannon. In a close encounter, never expose your side to it, and do not even angle your hull. Face your hull directly to the R3, because on each side of the cast hull, above the inducer wheel there is a triangular area that blends and connects the upper front plate to the side. By angling the hull, this triangle becomes unangled to the R3, making it easily penetrated, and the driver / gunner will usually get knocked out first. It is harder for the R3 to penetrate your unangled hull thus giving you more time to react and destroy it.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| M79 shot
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| Add-on Armor
| Artillery Support
| M88
|-
|}

Priority modules for research should be Parts, FPE, and mobility modifications. (These will make up for the vehicle's poor cross-country driving capabilities.)

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good rate of fire for the main gun
* Great gun depression of 10° means impressive terrain adaptation
* Angled frontal slope which may sometimes bounce larger calibres if angled correctly
* A standard 5 crew members, which equates to 3 spare crew members to take over positions of the tank if necessary
* A pintle-mounted heavy machine gun (12.7 mm), which can be used for anti-aircraft purposes
* Gun mantlet and spall shield is fairly thick
* Turret has a nice armour layout
* Applique armour (road wheel and track sections) is situated on the transmission of the vehicle
* Fast horizontal turret traverse
* An installation of a vertical plane stabilizer (noticeable by extremely fast gun depression/elevation) allows for shoot-n-scoot tactics, stopping immediately to shoot, or better accuracy when firing on the move
* Wet ammo storage - Which reduces greatly ammo rack chances, is indicated by the "W" in its name, this also means tightly packed ammo only placed under the turret
* Has access to Add-on Armour
* Has more horsepower than most other Shermans (A3 Variants have 500) making this one of the better hp/t for Shermans

'''Cons:'''

* The gun has less penetration than the German equivalent found on Panzer IVs and Stug III/IVs
* Frontal armour can easily be penetrated by German 75mm guns
* Is quite tall
* Prone to tipping over when travelling across steep inclines
* Sides and rear are thinly armoured
* Engine compartment is poorly armoured
* Susceptible to nearby artillery explosions
* Narrow tracks mean poor ground flotation and cross country performance
* Only reaches its top speed on paved surfaces
* Cannot be angled properly, hull "cheeks" are a weak spot
* The cast hull creates frontal weakspots with very little effective thickness, eg. the triangles between upper front plate and the side, and the curved hull hatches

== History ==


=== M4 Sherman ===
The start of World War II and the Battle of France had America find that their current armoured forces were completely inadequate to fight back a German armour assault. With only the [[M2A4|M2 light tanks]] and the [[M2|M2 medium tank]] available with their [[M3 (37 mm)|37 mm cannons]], the Americans greatly increased their efforts in tank development to bolster their defenses, but to satisfy demands from Great Britain for adequate tanks to rebuild their decimated armoured forces. The requirements set by the US Army called for a tank armed with a [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]]. While a 75 mm gun was available for use, a turret mounting the gun on a tank was not. Thus, while the turret and tank design underwent development, the 75 mm would be mounted on the stopgap design - the [[M3 Lee|M3 Lee]] tank - in a "sponson" mount. During the M3's development, the designs of the 75 mm armed vehicle were submitted by the Ordnance Department. In April 1941, the Armored Force Board chose the simplest of the designs, which was a redesigned M3 hull and chassis with a turret mounting the 75 mm gun designated the ''T6'', completed in September 1941. This tank would then designated the '''[[M4|M4 Sherman]]'''. The production for the Sherman began in October 1941 and would continue to be produced until the end of the war in 1945 with around than 50,000 units produced, making it the second most-produced tank in World War II before the [[T-34 (1942)|T-34 tank]]. The Sherman first saw service in North Africa in the hands of the British, and the Shermans continued to see service throughout the North African campaign, Tunisian campaign, and the Italian campaign in the British and American armies. However, the 75 mm gun on the Sherman soon found itself saw as inadequate when the Germans began fielding their new generation of heavy tanks, the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] and the [[Panther D|Panther]], which could defend itself against the 75 mm gun and take out the Sherman at a long range. A desire to up-gun the Sherman grew among Ordnance officers to fight incoming armour threats and started as far back as 1942.

===Development===
The desire for a hole puncher on the Sherman started in the Ordnance department, seen as an improvement to the Sherman's overall combat ability to fight future tank threats. It started with the adaption of the [[M7 (76 mm)|3-inch anti-tank gun]] into the M4 Sherman. The gun proved too heavy and too bulky for a straight adaption so a simpler and smaller gun model was created called the ''[[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm M1]]'', which could be practically fitted into the M4 Sherman turret. The 76 mm differed from the 3-inch in ammunition by using a different propellant case but the same shells, yet kept the same ballistics. The first guns were trialled in a [[M4A1|M4A1 Sherman]]; while Ordnance approved the vehicle, Armored Board rejected it as the design caused the turret interior to be too cramped for the crew and also the lack of need of such vehicle. This solution was fixed by taking the [[T20|cancelled T23 project]] and adapting the turret into the Sherman, which was easy as the Sherman and the T23 used the same turret ring diameter. The larger turret allowed for a more practical mounting of the 76 mm gun and more room for the crew to move around in. This variant was approved and production was to start in early 1944 for the upcoming invasion of Europe in Operation Overlord to counter the German [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] and the [[Panther D|Panther]] tanks.

===Design===
Aside from the enlarged T23 turret, the Sherman interior layout was largely unchanged from the original design. The driver and bow gunner still sat in the front, the three-man turret crew in the centre, and the engine compartment in the back. The exterior design of the hull was also largely unchanged with the vertical volute suspension system (VVSS) and sloping front armour.

The '''M4A1 (76) W Sherman''' model ran on a gasoline Continental R975C-4 radial engine. The M4A1 designation was given to Shermans constructed with a fully cast tank hull, giving the tank a distinctive rounded slope front and sides. Though the rounded shape gave the frontal armour uneven angling, it provided adequate protection up to 100 mm in thickness in certain areas. The cast, while efficient in armouring the tank, was hard to manufacture due to limited capabilities in most factories and was hard to repair in the field, so the cast design was changed to welding in future Sherman variants. The M4A1(76)W variant, as indicated by the name, mounted the 76 mm gun instead of the usual 75 mm. The "W" designation on the Sherman indicated that the vehicle had the "wet stowage" feature in response to complaints that the Sherman can easily catch fire due to exploding ammunition. The "wet stowage" encased the ammo containers in a liquid mixture that would douse the flames when penetrated or block flaming shrapnel from penetrating shots from hitting the ammunition. The containers also placed all the ammunition in the bottom centre of the tank, reducing the likeliness of it being hit by a shell as the penetrating shell must go through every armour and obstacle to hit the tank centre. This feature was only present after February 1944 and severely decreased the rate of Sherman fires. Of the 49,234 Sherman produced in World War II, 3,426 M4A1(76)s were produced from January 1944 to July 1945.

===Combat usage===
Despite the stock of 76 mm Shermans now available for them, the commanders opted to not bring any during the invasion of France in June 1944. The issues were logistical, as having a 76 mm armament would mean supplying a different set of ammo to the tank forces. Another issue was that the 76 mm gun had a less lethal high-explosive round at hand, meaning combat against infantry or fixed emplacements would be slightly harder. This forced 75 mm armed Shermans to have to compete against the better armed and armoured Panthers and Tigers in the initial period of the invasion. The combat debut of the M4A1 (76) Shermans was during Operation Cobra in July 1944, as a response to the growing German armour threat in Europe. The 2nd and 3rd Armored Divisions received 52 of these Shermans and the rest were distributed among the tank battalions in the infantry divisions. The M4 (76) and M4 (75) Shermans served alongside each other, though the 75 mm Shermans were around in larger numbers and the opinions of the 76 mm cannon vary from a necessary addition to a burden. The 75 mm guns stayed as the primary armament of the armoured forces until the Battle of the Bulge, which had many American armours destroyed by the German onslaught of heavy German tanks such as their [[Panther G|Panther]] and [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II's]]. The negative response from both troops and press had Allied commanders, even Eisenhower himself, request only 76 mm Sherman to be delivered instead of 75 mm in response. The new units arriving in Europe after the Battle of the Bulge were all equipped with 76-mm Shermans. Despite their appearance, 75 mm Shermans were still in stock in the armoured divisions and were still held in high regards for their better capacity to destroy soft targets with high-explosive shells.

After the war, the Shermans continued serving America and its allies as the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3E8]] with a new suspension and 76 mm gun. The [[M26|M26 Pershing]] that was introduced late in World War II was phased out for the Shermans due to its unreliability, and the Sherman stayed until the [[M46|M46 Patton]] was introduced. After being phased out of American service, many other countries still used the Sherman as their main tank, mainly Israel where they up-gunned the tank with the much powerful post-war French 75 mm and 105 mm gun as the M-50 and M-51 respectively (nicknamed "Super Shermans"). These proved successful as they were able to fight against the Soviet-supplied [[T-54 (1947)|T-54 tanks]] and [[T-34-85]]s in Middle East service, proving the Sherman as a successful and adaptable design for many years to come.

===In-game description===
In July 1942 ATC began development of M1 and M1A1 76 mm cannons to boost the tank's firepower. Trials showed that the M4's turret was too small to fit long-barreled weapons, and the decision was made to use modified T20/T23 turrets. Tanks boasting 76 mm cannons hit assembly lines in February 1944, making them ready for the Normandy invasion. Ammunition bins were moved to recesses above the tracks on the floor of the battle compartment and on both sides of the driveshaft. An interesting peculiarity was so-called "wet stowage", which had double-walled water jackets surrounding the main gun ammunition storage. It was thought that if the ammunition storage suffered a hit, the water would keep a potential fire from spreading. Tanks with 76 mm weapons were given the additional suffix "76", while the 76 mm M1A1C and M1A2 and their muzzle brakes were installed later. The initial shell speed for the new weapons clocked in at 810 m/s, making the modernized tanks capable of standing up to the heavy German tanks.

Tankers welded extra armour onto the front, sides, and occasionally turret to strengthen the weakly protected ammunition and fuel tanks. Field modifications included stacking sandbags onto the front or welding extra tracks to the most vulnerable areas. Sometimes armour shields or concrete blocks were also attached to the front of the hull.

The Pressed Steel Car Company built 3,396 of these units between January 1944 and June 1945.

=== In-game description ===
In July 1942 ATC began development of M1 and M1A1 76 mm cannons to boost the tank's firepower. Trials showed that the M4's turret was too small to fit long-barreled weapons, and the decision was made to use modified T20/T23 turrets. Tanks boasting 76 mm cannons hit assembly lines in February 1944, making them ready for the Normandy invasion.

Ammunition bins were moved to recesses above the tracks on the floor of the battle compartment and on both sides of the driveshaft. An interesting peculiarity was so-called "wet stowage", which had double-walled water jackets surrounding the main gun ammunition storage. It was thought that if the ammunition storage suffered a hit, the water would keep a potential fire from spreading.

Tanks with 76 mm weapons were given the additional suffix "76", while the 76 mm M1A1C and M1A2 and their muzzle brakes were installed later. The initial shell speed for the new weapons clocked in at 810 m/s, making the modernized tanks capable of standing up to the heavy German tanks.

Tankers welded extra armor onto the front, sides, and occasionally turret to strengthen the weakly protected ammunition and fuel tanks. Field modifications included stacking sandbags onto the front or welding extra tracks to the most vulnerable areas. Sometimes armor shields or concrete blocks were also attached to the front of the hull.

The Pressed Steel Car Company built 3,396 of these units between January 1944 and June 1945.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA medium tanks}}

Spitfire F Mk IX

2020-10-26T17:48:28Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_ix_early
|cockpit=cockpit_spitfire_ix_early.jpg
}}
{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.35]].

Because the muzzle velocity of both the Hispanos (870 m/s) and the MGs (854 m/s) is practically the same you could put tracers on the MGs and air targets belt on the Hispanos. This is a great way for players to get a feel of where to aim in RB and it's easier to hit your shots maximising your efficiency and potentially saving ammo. A downside to this is that the element of surprise is short lived as your enemy will see the tracers flying past him and he will quickly react. Another thing is that short bursts are required with the cannons especially without the cannon upgrades as they overheat (and thus jam) very quickly.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,537 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 627 || 609 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.1 || 18.7 || 15.8 || 15.8 || rowspan="2" | 380
|-
! Upgraded
| 676 || 650 || 16.4 || 17.2 || 24.4 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 230 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 450
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,100 m || 1,400 hp || 1,624 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,000 m || 1,160 hp || 1,346 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 3 mm Steel - Armour plate on top of fuel tanks
* 4 mm Steel - Armour plate on pilot's seat. Behind pilot is another 6-7 mm steel plate
* 3 mm Steel - Armour plates around ammunition

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Browning .303 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning .303 machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 1,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV (250 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 250 lb G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV bomb (250 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

As a Spitfire Mk IX at its realistic mode battle rating, the most common and dangerous opponents are Bf 109's, normally the G2/Trop and F4 variants both of which often benefit from a better team composition on the axis side. When facing them, you should never attempt to hold an extended dogfight above 5,000 m as you will lose a significant portion of engine power in comparison to them. Instead, you should take the fight below 5 km where you can outrun a Bf 109 F4, although Fw 190's and the German variant P-47 will catch up easily at the lower altitude.

The advantages of your plane in both an up-tier and down-tier remain largely the same in that you can out-turn almost anything except all models of the A6M 'Zero' and the A7M 'Reppu' along with earlier Spitfires you might face such as the Italian Spitfire Mk Vb/Trop. In this scenario you should play cautiously and try to energy fight them, extending away and climbing. For head-ons, since the armament of 2 x 20 mm and 4 x 7.7 mm machine guns are rather lacklustre, you usually should avoid these. If you really want to, though, use stealth rounds and fire from 1,000-1,400 metres away from the target while using a 500 m convergence. However, this Spitfire does best at mid-close ranges (200-600 metres) with either 400 m or 300 m convergence. The wing-mounted guns aren't really good for head-ons.

Another aspect to consider and adjust your playstyle to is that while the acceleration and turn time is good, engine overheating in RB and SB should be managed using manual engine controls and pulling more than 9G's while rolling puts you at risk of ripping your wing off. Additionally, since the Inline engine is very vulnerable to damage and the Spitfire requires lots of time on target, practice proper methods of attacking bombers using boom and zoom tactics as tail-sitting enemy bombers with decent defensive armaments like the Me 264 and the He 177 is not likely to end well at all.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
| Offensive 20 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
| New 20 mm cannons
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| SBC mark 25
| Mk.II year 1942
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
| Mk.II year 1943
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great maneuverability
* Good roll rate
* Good low-level performance
* Larger ammo supply of 120 RPG for the 20 mm cannons, compared to the Spitfires with the Type 'B' wings with 60 RPG
* Machine gun ammo pool of 350 RPG makes for good, prolonged backup weapons
* Faster than previous Spitfire versions due to a newer engine
* Performing quick negative G manoeuvres will not shut off the engine (RB/SB)
* You can actually use tracers belts for machine guns, which means this aircraft can help new RB player with shooting.
* Like previous versions of British planes, the tracer belts are composed entirely of incendiary bullets (IT and AP-I).
* Incredibly fast climber, out-climbs 109s when upgraded

'''Cons:'''

* Ammunition pool for 20 mm still relatively small, must be conservative when shooting
* Cannons overheat and jam quickly, when not in 1942/1943 configuration
* When 20 mm runs out or jams, the plane is left with only four 7.7 mm machine guns
* Poor high altitude performance (above 5000m)
* Poor acceleration
* Roll rate starts stiffening at ~400 km/h
* Liquid-cooled engines mean one hit to the cooling system can force a return to the airfield for repairs (RB/SB)
* Very difficult to attack bombers, as the engine is very susceptible to damage from enemy gunners
* Fragile airframe
* Catches fire easily, not all fuel tanks are self sealing
* 20mm incredibly inaccurate even at close ranges when stock

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
The Supermarine Spitfire was a British single-engine, all-metal, low-wing monoplane fighter. While the Mk VII and Mk VIII variants was being designed, a Spitfire Mk III was tested in September 1941 with the new Rolls Royce 60 in the hopes of developing an interim fighter to use as a stop gap measure. The new Spitfire performed exceptionally well, and was rushed into production as the Mk IX. The Air Fighting Development Unit described the Mk IX as 'outstandingly better than the Mk V especially at heights above 20,000 feet' and even though it was not fitted with the modified control surfaces under development for the Mk VII and Mk VIII, the Mk IX was more than capable of meeting the Focke-Wulf FW190 on favourable terms. The Mk IX was fitted with the Type C 'universal' wing and originally carried the tried and tested combination of two 20mm cannon and four 0.303 inch machine guns, but in later versions the four 0.303 machine guns were replaced with two .50 calibre guns.

A total of 5,665 Mk IX were produced and 262 more Mk Vs were converted to Mk IX. Intended as a transitional stop-gap measure for the Mk VII and Mk VIII, the variant remained in production until the end of the war, ultimately becoming the most mass-produced Spitfire version. This mark was also used as a fighter-bomber and as a reconnaissance aircraft. Further modifications were incorporated into the Mk IX throughout its service life, such as a gyroscopic gunsight, bubble canopy and modified engine intercooler. Widely considered to be the most capable fighter in the world at the time of its introduction, it would take the introduction of the Rolls Royce Griffon engine to push the Spitfire into its next stage of evolution.

=== Notable pilots ===
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Douglas_Bader_profile.jpg|thumb|none|220px|User:U64962917#Bader,_Douglas_R.S.B.|The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' was the fighter in which '''[[User:U64962917#Bader,_Douglas_R.S.B.|Douglas Bader]]''' flew as flight lead of 300 aircraft over London for a victory flyover in June 1945.]] </li>
</ul></div>

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|9_txEPailKc|'''The Shooting Range #92''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 05:10 discusses the Spitfire F Mk IX.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Typhoon Mk Ib/L

2020-10-26T17:17:48Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card|code=typhoon_mk1b_late}}
{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = Typhoon Mk Ia
| link-2 = Typhoon Mk Ib
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Typhoon_Mk_Ib_L.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Typhoon is a heavily armed, fast fighter bomber which excels in Boom and Zoom tactics. It is armed with four deadly Hispano cannons, which can obliterate enemy fighters with the air targets belt. With all modules purchased, the Typhoon is one of the fastest planes in its tier, reaching speeds of almost 700km/h in level flight. You also have an excellent climb rate and great manoeuvrability, enabling you to dogfight quite effectively against some targets.

You also get some decent payload options. A choice of 2 x 250, 500 or 1000 lb bombs or 8 x RP-3 rockets allow you to hit enemy ground targets hard and fast. Just beware that carrying such payloads will adversely affect your flight characteristics. In realistic battles ground forces, it is best to assess the situation on the battlefield. If the enemy team is ground forces heavy, you can choose to thin them out with bombs or rockets. You can even use your cannons to good effect on light targets like the Wirbelwind and PT-76. If the enemy team has a high volume of aircraft in the air, leave the payload and just focus on taking them out.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,248 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 647 || 626 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.4 || 21.0 || 16.5 || 16.5 || rowspan="2" | 450
|-
! Upgraded
| 696 || 671 || 18.7 || 19.5 || 23.2 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 420 || 420 || 250 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 390 || < 440 || < 480 || > 337
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,447 m || 2,065 hp || 2,271 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,981 m || 1,735 hp || 1,908 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 42.8 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front
* 12.7 mm Steel plate behind the pilot
* 3 mm Steel plate in front of the engine
* 1 mm Steel plate behind the engine

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (140 rpg = 560 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I (1,000 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

The Typhoon Mk Ib/L, like the other Typhoons, is a superb altitude fighter, able to dive down on unaware enemies and strike; then take off with the speed it gained from diving to gain a high altitude for the purpose of either doing a second pass on an enemy or to engage a new enemy target. It has a great speed for a 4.3/4.7(RB/AB) but its insufficient climbing speed makes it possible for enemy threats to outclimb it.

Major threats to the Typhoon Mk Ib/L are aircraft like [[Yak-3]], [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109's]], [[A7M (Family)|A7M]] and [[P-38L-5-LO]] which are able to outclimb, turn faster, and keep up or outrun the Typhoon, making them deadly enemies for it to face. However, the strong structure of the Typhoon's wings make it able to outdive most of them to get away.

In Arcade battles, the 4x20mm are lethal to most aircraft and with boost of speed and climbrate, it is able to climb high and it will be easier to do "hit and run" tactics where it will shine most. Engaging enemies in dogfights are not the strong suit of the Typhoon and it is ill advised to do so in any battle mode.

In Realistic battles, it is an excellent Boom and Zoomer, able to get high altitude and dive on unexpecting pilots. The climbing speed is sufficient to make it outclimb and do well as a Hit and Run aircraft in lower rating battles, but in higher rating battles it will have fierce competition in the sky.

The Typhoon is also an excellent option to take into Ground Battles, being able to carry 2x1000lbs, 2x500lbs, 2x250lb or 8x [[RP-3]] rockets into battle, making it capable to assist and support ground units in battle, Also 4x20mm with ground target ammunition can strafe at right angles to immobilize or do critical damage to most enemy tanks from above, buying time and protecting allied ground units from potential threats.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| HSBC mk.2
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 20 mm cannons
| HMBC mk.2
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Mk.II year 1942
| HLBC mk.2
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| Mk.II year 1943
| HRC mk.8
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can turn with [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]] when between 350 and 450 km/h IAS
* 4 x high damage Hispano cannons
* Great Boom & Zoom aircraft
* Retains energy well
* Has four suspended ordnance options (three varieties of bombs and RP-3 rockets)

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible roll rate
* Cannon recoil can cause aircraft to lose speed and the Hispanos easily jam even when spaded
* Plane controls start to lock when the speed is over 537 km/h
* Increased parasitic drag when carrying 2 x 1,000 lb bombs
* Plane can be difficult to play when stock

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
The Hawker Typhoon was a single engine, single seat fighter which first entered service with the RAF in 1941. Typhoon fighters of the first production series were equipped with a canopy with massive framing and a Rover-produced car-type side door for cockpit access. The first modification of this was to replace some of the solid metal fairings with transparent panels and cut down the pilot’s head armor plate to help increase visibility. Lack of visibility remained a significant problem and whilst a new canopy was being developed, the bulky radio mast and its fairing were replaced with a whip aerial further aft along the fuselage. A new drop-shaped canopy was designed for the pilot's cockpit, providing a good all-round view. The new canopies were fitted on the production aircraft from September 1943 on.

The fighters were equipped with more powerful 2,200 hp Napier Sabre Mk.IIB and 2,260 hp Napier Sabre Mk.IIC engines, as well as new four-bladed de Havilland propellers. The wing-mounted armament consisted of four 20 mm British Hispano Mk.II belt-fed cannons with 140 rounds per gun. The projecting cannon barrels were equipped with fairings to reduce drag.

By the end of 1943, these improvements had been implemented on the majority of the Typhoons already in service.

By the time these later Mk IBs were in service, the aircraft’s shortcomings as a fighter had been identified, but it coped perfectly in the role of a fighter-bomber and a close air-support aircraft, striking German airfields, communication lines, railways, and ships.

Since Typhoons were flown at low altitudes under strong enemy anti-aircraft fire, the designers paid great attention to protecting the pilot and the aircraft's vital systems. The pilot's head and back were protected with an armored backrest and a 38-mm-thick armored glass windscreen. An armor plate protecting the engine was fitted behind the propeller fairing.

After many early teething problems, critical failures and threats to be withdrawn from service altogether, the Typhoon finally found its niche as a rugged, dependable ground attack aircraft. It achieved notoriety amongst German soldiers during the Normandy campaign when, whilst Spitfires were achieving air superiority, the Typhoons were able to cause mayhem amongst German ground units. The Typhoon's production was discontinued in November 1945, and it was withdrawn from service in early 1947. All in all, 3,205 Hawker Typhoon Mk.IB aircraft were produced.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|SwVkOjFkbGo|'''Decision Making /// Typhoon Mk IB / L 8 Kill''' - ''DEFYN''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Typhoon Mk Ib/L

2020-10-26T16:37:12Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card|code=typhoon_mk1b_late}}
{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = Typhoon Mk Ia
| link-2 = Typhoon Mk Ib
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Typhoon_Mk_Ib_L.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Typhoon is a heavily armed, fast fighter bomber which excels in Boom and Zoom tactics. It is armed with four deadly Hispano cannons, which can obliterate enemy fighters with the air targets belt. With all modules purchased, the Typhoon is one of the fastest planes in its tier, reaching speeds of almost 700km/h in level flight. You also have an excellent climb rate and great manoeuvrability, enabling you to dogfight quite effectively against some targets.

You also get some decent payload options. A choice of 2 x 250, 500 or 1000 lb bombs or 8 x RP-3 rockets allow you to hit enemy ground targets hard and fast. Just beware that carrying such payloads will adversely affect your flight characteristics. In realistic battles ground forces, it is best to assess the situation on the battlefield. If the enemy team is ground forces heavy, you can choose to thin them out with bombs or rockets. You can even use your cannons to good effect on light targets like the Wirbelwind and PT-76. If the enemy team has a high volume of aircraft in the air, leave the payload and just focus on taking them out.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,248 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 647 || 626 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.4 || 21.0 || 16.5 || 16.5 || rowspan="2" | 450
|-
! Upgraded
| 696 || 671 || 18.7 || 19.5 || 23.2 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 420 || 420 || 250 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 390 || < 440 || < 480 || > 337
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,447 m || 2,065 hp || 2,271 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,981 m || 1,735 hp || 1,908 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 42.8 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front
* 12.7 mm Steel plate behind the pilot
* 3 mm Steel plate in front of the engine
* 1 mm Steel plate behind the engine

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (140 rpg = 560 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I (1,000 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

The Typhoon Mk Ib/L, like the other Typhoons, is a superb altitude fighter, able to dive down on unaware enemies and strike; then take off with the speed it gained from diving to gain a high altitude for the purpose of either doing a second pass on an enemy or to engage a new enemy target. It has a great speed for a 4.3/4.7(RB/AB) but its insufficient climbing speed makes it possible for enemy threats to outclimb it.

Major threats to the Typhoon Mk Ib/L are aircraft like [[Yak-3]], [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109's]], [[A7M (Family)|A7M]] and [[P-38L-5-LO]] which are able to outclimb, turn faster, and keep up or outrun the Typhoon, making them deadly enemies for it to face. However, the strong structure of the Typhoon's wings make it able to outdive most of them to get away.

In Arcade battles the 4x20mm are lethal to most aircraft and with boost of speed and climbrate makes it able to climb high and easier do "hit and run" tactics where it will shine most, engage enemies in dogfights are not the strong suit of the Typhoon and it is ill advised to do so in any battle mode.

In Realistic its an excellent Boom and Zoomer, to get high altitude and dive on unexpected pilots. The climbing speed is sufficient enough to make it outclimb and do well as a Hit n Run aircraft in lower rating battles, but in higher rating battles it gonna have fierce competition in the sky.

Typhoon is also an excellent option to take with into Ground Battles, being able to carry 2x1000lbs, 2x500lbs, 2x250lb or 8x [[RP-3]] rockets into battle makes it capable to assist and support ground units in battle, Also 4x20mm with ground target ammunition can strafe at right angels to immobilize or do critical damage to most enemy tanks from above, buying time or protects allied ground units from potential threats.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| HSBC mk.2
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 20 mm cannons
| HMBC mk.2
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Mk.II year 1942
| HLBC mk.2
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| Mk.II year 1943
| HRC mk.8
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can turn with [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]] when between 350 and 450 km/h IAS
* 4 x high damage Hispano cannons
* Great Boom & Zoom aircraft
* Retains energy well
* Has four suspended ordnance options (three varieties of bombs and RP-3 rockets)

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible roll rate
* Cannon recoil can cause aircraft to lose speed and the Hispanos easily jam even when spaded
* Plane controls start to lock when the speed is over 537 km/h
* Increased parasitic drag when carrying 2 x 1,000 lb bombs
* Plane can be difficult to play when stock

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
The Hawker Typhoon was a single engine, single seat fighter which first entered service with the RAF in 1941. Typhoon fighters of the first production series were equipped with a canopy with massive framing and a Rover-produced car-type side door for cockpit access. The first modification of this was to replace some of the solid metal fairings with transparent panels and cut down the pilot’s head armor plate to help increase visibility. Lack of visibility remained a significant problem and whilst a new canopy was being developed, the bulky radio mast and its fairing were replaced with a whip aerial further aft along the fuselage. A new drop-shaped canopy was designed for the pilot's cockpit, providing a good all-round view. The new canopies were fitted on the production aircraft from September 1943 on.

The fighters were equipped with more powerful 2,200 hp Napier Sabre Mk.IIB and 2,260 hp Napier Sabre Mk.IIC engines, as well as new four-bladed de Havilland propellers. The wing-mounted armament consisted of four 20 mm British Hispano Mk.II belt-fed cannons with 140 rounds per gun. The projecting cannon barrels were equipped with fairings to reduce drag.

By the end of 1943, these improvements had been implemented on the majority of the Typhoons already in service.

By the time these later Mk IBs were in service, the aircraft’s shortcomings as a fighter had been identified, but it coped perfectly in the role of a fighter-bomber and a close air-support aircraft, striking German airfields, communication lines, railways, and ships.

Since Typhoons were flown at low altitudes under strong enemy anti-aircraft fire, the designers paid great attention to protecting the pilot and the aircraft's vital systems. The pilot's head and back were protected with an armored backrest and a 38-mm-thick armored glass windscreen. An armor plate protecting the engine was fitted behind the propeller fairing.

After many early teething problems, critical failures and threats to be withdrawn from service altogether, the Typhoon finally found its niche as a rugged, dependable ground attack aircraft. It achieved notoriety amongst German soldiers during the Normandy campaign when, whilst Spitfires were achieving air superiority, the Typhoons were able to cause mayhem amongst German ground units. The Typhoon's production was discontinued in November 1945, and it was withdrawn from service in early 1947. All in all, 3,205 Hawker Typhoon Mk.IB aircraft were produced.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|SwVkOjFkbGo|'''Decision Making /// Typhoon Mk IB / L 8 Kill''' - ''DEFYN''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Typhoon Mk Ib/L

2020-10-26T16:33:32Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card|code=typhoon_mk1b_late}}
{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = Typhoon Mk Ia
| link-2 = Typhoon Mk Ib
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Typhoon_Mk_Ib_L.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Typhoon is a heavily armed, fast fighter bomber which excels in Boom and Zoom tactics. It is armed with four deadly Hispano cannons, which can obliterate enemy fighters with the air targets belt. With all modules purchased, the Typhoon is one of the fastest planes in its tier, reaching speeds of almost 700km/h in level flight. You also have an excellent climb rate and great manoeuvrability, enabling you to dogfight quite effectively against some targets.

You also get some decent payload options. A choice of 2 x 250, 500 or 1000 lb bombs or 8 x RP-3 rockets allow you to hit enemy ground targets hard and fast. Just beware that carrying such payloads will adversely affect your flight characteristics. In realistic battles ground forces, it is best to assess the situation on the battlefield. If the enemy team is ground forces heavy, you can choose to thin them out with bombs or rockets. You can even use your cannons to good effect on light targets like the Wirbelwind and PT-76. If the enemy team has a high volume of aircraft in the air, leave the payload and just focus on taking them out.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,248 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 647 || 626 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.4 || 21.0 || 16.5 || 16.5 || rowspan="2" | 450
|-
! Upgraded
| 696 || 671 || 18.7 || 19.5 || 23.2 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 420 || 420 || 250 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 390 || < 440 || < 480 || > 337
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,447 m || 2,065 hp || 2,271 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,981 m || 1,735 hp || 1,908 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 42.8 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front
* 12.7 mm Steel plate behind the pilot
* 3 mm Steel plate in front of the engine
* 1 mm Steel plate behind the engine

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (140 rpg = 560 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I (1,000 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

The Typhoon Mk Ib/L, like the other Typhoons, is a superb altitude fighter, able to dive down on unaware enemies and strike; then take off with the speed it gained from diving to gain a high altitude for the purpose of either doing a second pass on an enemy or to engage a new enemy target. It has a great speed for a 4.3/4.7(RB/AB) but its insufficient climbing speed makes it possible for enemy threats to outclimb it.

Major threats to the Typhoon Mk Ib/L are aircraft like [[Yak-3]], [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109's]], [[A7M (Family)|A7M]] and [[P-38L-5-LO]] being able to outclimb, turn faster and keep up or out run the typhoon making them deadly enemies for it to face. But strong structure of the Typhoon's wings make it able to outdive most of them to get away.

In Arcade battles the 4x20mm are lethal to most aircraft and with boost of speed and climbrate makes it able to climb high and easier do "hit and run" tactics where it will shine most, engage enemies in dogfights are not the strong suit of the Typhoon and it is ill advised to do so in any battle mode.

In Realistic its an excellent Boom and Zoomer, to get high altitude and dive on unexpected pilots. The climbing speed is sufficient enough to make it outclimb and do well as a Hit n Run aircraft in lower rating battles, but in higher rating battles it gonna have fierce competition in the sky.

Typhoon is also an excellent option to take with into Ground Battles, being able to carry 2x1000lbs, 2x500lbs, 2x250lb or 8x [[RP-3]] rockets into battle makes it capable to assist and support ground units in battle, Also 4x20mm with ground target ammunition can strafe at right angels to immobilize or do critical damage to most enemy tanks from above, buying time or protects allied ground units from potential threats.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| HSBC mk.2
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 20 mm cannons
| HMBC mk.2
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Mk.II year 1942
| HLBC mk.2
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| Mk.II year 1943
| HRC mk.8
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can turn with [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]] when between 350 and 450 km/h IAS
* 4 x high damage Hispano cannons
* Great Boom & Zoom aircraft
* Retains energy well
* Has four suspended ordnance options (three varieties of bombs and RP-3 rockets)

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible roll rate
* Cannon recoil can cause aircraft to lose speed and the Hispanos easily jam even when spaded
* Plane controls start to lock when the speed is over 537 km/h
* Increased parasitic drag when carrying 2 x 1,000 lb bombs
* Plane can be difficult to play when stock

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
The Hawker Typhoon was a single engine, single seat fighter which first entered service with the RAF in 1941. Typhoon fighters of the first production series were equipped with a canopy with massive framing and a Rover-produced car-type side door for cockpit access. The first modification of this was to replace some of the solid metal fairings with transparent panels and cut down the pilot’s head armor plate to help increase visibility. Lack of visibility remained a significant problem and whilst a new canopy was being developed, the bulky radio mast and its fairing were replaced with a whip aerial further aft along the fuselage. A new drop-shaped canopy was designed for the pilot's cockpit, providing a good all-round view. The new canopies were fitted on the production aircraft from September 1943 on.

The fighters were equipped with more powerful 2,200 hp Napier Sabre Mk.IIB and 2,260 hp Napier Sabre Mk.IIC engines, as well as new four-bladed de Havilland propellers. The wing-mounted armament consisted of four 20 mm British Hispano Mk.II belt-fed cannons with 140 rounds per gun. The projecting cannon barrels were equipped with fairings to reduce drag.

By the end of 1943, these improvements had been implemented on the majority of the Typhoons already in service.

By the time these later Mk IBs were in service, the aircraft’s shortcomings as a fighter had been identified, but it coped perfectly in the role of a fighter-bomber and a close air-support aircraft, striking German airfields, communication lines, railways, and ships.

Since Typhoons were flown at low altitudes under strong enemy anti-aircraft fire, the designers paid great attention to protecting the pilot and the aircraft's vital systems. The pilot's head and back were protected with an armored backrest and a 38-mm-thick armored glass windscreen. An armor plate protecting the engine was fitted behind the propeller fairing.

After many early teething problems, critical failures and threats to be withdrawn from service altogether, the Typhoon finally found its niche as a rugged, dependable ground attack aircraft. It achieved notoriety amongst German soldiers during the Normandy campaign when, whilst Spitfires were achieving air superiority, the Typhoons were able to cause mayhem amongst German ground units. The Typhoon's production was discontinued in November 1945, and it was withdrawn from service in early 1947. All in all, 3,205 Hawker Typhoon Mk.IB aircraft were produced.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|SwVkOjFkbGo|'''Decision Making /// Typhoon Mk IB / L 8 Kill''' - ''DEFYN''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Comet I

2020-10-23T16:13:50Z

U83296939: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card|code=uk_a_34_comet}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]] along with the initial British ground tree. Armed with a [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77 mm HV gun]], essentially a 17-pounder with a lower muzzle velocity, it has one of the more powerful guns available for a medium tank at the rating.

The Comet is an excellent medium tank. It has great mobility and acceleration, able to reach 38 km/h very quickly and stay there in full throttle, but its reverse speed is pitiful like the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell's]]. Firepower is also a benefit of the vehicle, especially after the unlocking of the APDS shot, giving it the penetration needed to deal with any threat you might encounter. The drawback of the design is the sub-par armour that can be pretty easily penetrated at BR 5.3. One should take advantage of the Comet's low profile and mobility to hide and manoeuvre from the enemy to catch them at an advantageous angle. The Comet also has a benefit the previous tanks in its branch, the [[Sherman Firefly]], didn't have in the great gun depression. This allows the Comet to more easily fire over hills in an hull-down position to destroy the enemy with the most the best terrain benefit for protection.

The Comet is a greyish-brownish colour like all other British tanks. It is also quite low in stature. The Comet has a unique turret design and has a nice long barrel. The barrel has a muzzle brake at the end of it. The machine gun beside the driver doesn't work.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret front, Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 76.2 mm (1°) ''Front plate'' 32 mm (72°) ''Front glacis'' 63.5 mm (19°) ''Joint plate'' 25.4 mm (69°) ''Lower glacis'' || 32 mm ''Top front half'' 25 mm ''Top back half'' 29 + 14 mm ''Bottom'' || 32 + 25.4 mm (1°) ''Top half'' 32 mm (32°) ''Lower half'' || 14 mm
|-
| Turret || 102 mm (3-57°) ''Turret front'' 102 mm (1-34°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 63.5 mm || 57.1 + 5 mm (1°)|| 25.4 mm ''Front half'' 20 mm ''Back half''
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 44 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

*Suspension wheels and the tracks are 20 mm thick.
*There are tracks attached on the turret that provide an extra 20 mm armour where they are attached.
*Steel boxes on the left and right side of the hull by the turret gives 4 mm extra armour at their location.
*The bustle rack on the back of the turret gives an armour rating of 5 mm

Aim for the hull. You will almost certainly destroy the tank when a Comet player is reversing and panicking at the same time.

The turret is an unreliable area to target. Its armour is thicker and bouncy. A good Comet player will be in a hull down position, but you can easily take it out if you aim for the cupola or if your gun can take it, the turret cheeks.

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 930|rbMinHp= 531}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|OQF Mk.II (77 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77 mm OQF Mk.II]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 61 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 14.28 || 19.76 || 24.00 || 26.55 || 28.24 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.93 || 10.50 || 12.75 || 14.10 || 15.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 137 || 134 || 123 || 111 || 100 || 91
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 137 || 134 || 123 || 111 || 100 || 91
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 152 || 149 || 137 || 124 || 112 || 101
|-
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 220 || 216 || 199 || 179 || 159 || 139
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 754 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,120 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''61''' || 54 ''(+7)'' || 46 ''(+15)'' || 38 ''(+23)'' || 30 ''(+31)'' || 22 ''(+39)'' || 15 ''(+46)'' || 8 ''(+53)'' || 1 ''(+60)'' || No
|-
|}

Left side empty: 30 ''(+31)''

==== [[Optics]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics
|-
!
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| X3.0 || X6.0
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | [[VFW]]
|-
|}

Second tank in Medium tank British tech line to have X6 scope. It will not get any better than this until rank VI, so get used to it - it will be the same across entire tech tree for a while with SPAA being the only exception.

As of rank III, this scope is slightly or moderately superior to most medium and heavy tanks, but do not expect to outsnipe German SPG as they have same optics or even better.

With newfound APDS ammunition, you might want to take tank on a test drive to get used to APDS ballistic markings. As usually, each mark represents 200 m, but they skip over the 8 number on the scope, leaving inexperienced user guessing where is the 800 m mark. It is the second big line on your scope - try to remember it well.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,175 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Fighting a tank of the same weight classification is relatively easy, but difficult against the more armoured [[Panther A|Panther]] and [[T-34-85|T-34]] tanks. Until the APDS shot can be unlocked, more decisive shots will have to be made to take care of these tanks, the Mk.6 and Mk.8 shot are the preferred ammunition to use. The Panthers should be targeted on the gun mantlet in the front and should be aimed at the gunner to immobilize their firepower and cause crew damage. The T-34-85 is a bit of a hit-or-miss due to the more heavy sloping nature of the armour and the turret. Penetrating through the front hull armour when it is facing directly at you is the best course of action against the T-34-85. Heavy tanks get even more tricky, but easier once the APDS round is unlocked for use. A [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]] is admittedly an easy tank to deal with due to the vertical slope of the armour. Problems arise with the [[IS-2]] tank that may show up, due to their heavy armour and their tendency to absolutely wreck vehicles with their 122 mm gun. Distance is not your friend against this tank, the closer the better for your gun to penetrate the weak spots on its frontal armour. A tough situation, but a survivable one.

For every Comet player that does not have the APDS shells, do not engage in long distance gun fights. You are almost certainly going to lose. So use it first as its intention is, a cruiser tank. Cap point and retreat. If you find yourself in a sticky situation, get as close to the enemy as possible and fire at it's side. Conduct the battle in this manner until the APDS is unlocked

The best tactic is flanking and "shoot and scoot". Your armour won't stand against T-34's and Tigers you'll meet so don't pick a snipe position and keep firing - sooner or later you '''will''' be pinned down. You need to locate a good spot for attack, fire a few shots (Comet has a great fire rate: use it) and relocate. Don't mind the damage you made: keep moving!

Also, another "never" to do with this tank, never go in reverse. You are almost certainly going to get yourself destroyed in the process as you have an awful reverse speed of only -3 km/h (-1 mph). If you want to reverse, turn the whole tank around instead using neutral steer or just charge at the enemy, circle him or her once and disappear the other way. You must do this as quickly as you appeared. You can use smoke grenades, but still, don't reverse, charge at the enemy. To not to get in the situation in the first place, choose where you are going to go carefully. You must study the situation quickly and cautiously to not to get yourself blown up in the process. The key is to run, run and run.

Overall, you must dedicate quite a bit of time to master the tank in all. Even when you have the APDS shells.

===Game mode specifics===
====Arcade battles====
In arcade domination mode where the cap points are arranged perpendicular to the cap points (ex. Poland, Ash River, Berlin, Korea, Karelia, Kuban, etc.), go for the flanks (A or C). If the cap points are diagonal (ex. Stalingrad), go for the closest cap point. And if the cap points are parallel to cap points (ex. Ardennes, Eastern Europe, etc.) go for the middle point as fast as you can. If you feel that you cant make it, help cap the point closest to spawn. You can also decide if you want to defend the point after capturing it. It is suggested to defend the cap point that has a lot of cover and an easy escape if overwhelmed (Suggested points to defend: A or C in Poland, C in Stalingrad, C in Ardennes).

====Realistic/Simulator battles====
In realistic and simulator, the Comet can become sluggish and isn't as fast as in arcade. A suggestion would be to capture the closest cap point, cap it, and then go into hiding. When you go into hiding, take every well placed shot you can and immediately run away from an encounter. You will mainly be facing Tiger IIs, Tiger Is, and Panthers, T-34-85s, rarely Chi-Tos and Chi-Ris. If you encounter them on a one v. one, always be on the move. Move around the other tank and try to hit it from the side (Panthers, Tiger Is, Chi-Tos, and Chi-Ris). If you encounter a Tiger II, slap it across the cheek with a APDS shell and take shoot it through the side. T-34-85 would be easier. You can easily penetrate the frontal armour of the T-34-85. It is just a matter of reaction time.

===Specific enemies worth noting===

All tanks when you do not have APDS shells yet. If you do, it a lot easier. As it has been mention before, when engaging a Tiger II, slap an APDS shell on the right turret cheek to knock out the gunner and finish it off from the side. The hardest tanks to counter are the following:

*[[Tiger II (P)|Tiger II]]s
*[[Tiger E|Tiger I]]s
*[[Panther A|Panther]]s
*[[T-34-85]]
*[[IS-1]]/[[IS-2|2]]

Although your gun can counter anything within the Comets BR range, you should constantly be aware that one hit from pretty much any gun to the front of the hull will knock out the Comet. In particular, the Russian 85mm and German 75mm/88mm guns should be taken very seriously. They have plenty of explosive filler. The turret on the Comet has the chance to bounce even the mighty 88mm gun found on the Tiger I, but only a chance. Your hull won't even protect you from the majority of rank 2 guns, so rank 3 and 4 guns will slice through the Comets armour like butter. Because of this, almost any enemy is dangerous. Even SPAA can be a frontal threat to you. In particular, the [[Wirbelwind]]/ [[Ostwind]] can cause serious damage at close/ medium range. Be particularly cautious late in a match when SPAA are more common.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Shot Mk.4
| Horizontal Drive
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Shot Mk.8
| Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Shot SV Mk.1
| Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Smoke grenade
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent manoeuvrability and speed - second only by a little to the [[T-34-85 (D-5T)]] and [[Panther D|Panther D]]
* Good gun, precise and with good penetration values (vertical armour)
* Great turret armour
* Access to APDS shot
* Low profile
* Great gun depression of -12°, compared to [[Sherman Firefly|Firefly]] with only -5°
* 5 crew member, balanced crew survival
* Good climbing ability, can get to sniping positions that other tanks cannot
* When fully upgraded, the Comet I is fast and manoeuvrable
* Has access to neutral steering which allows quick repositioning of the tank
* APDS is great at taking out Panthers and Tigers at long range. One shot KO's are common if you know where the ammo racks are
* APDS makes the tank very easy to use in RB and SB. The round drops very little over distance and retains a lot of penetration

'''Cons:'''

* Bad penetration values against sloped armour without APDS
* Mediocre gun damage due to lack of explosive fillers, aim at the enemy gunner to increase your fighting chance
* The 77 mm HV does not have as much penetration as the true 17-pounder and other Rank III guns
* Overall bad armour for its rank, only the turret front has some good chance to bounce some hits
* Awful reverse speed of only 3 km/h (2 mph)
* APDS causes less post-penetration damage than the other AP rounds
* Painful to use when stock due to disappointing performance in terms of acceleration and frustratingly bouncy stock rounds

== History ==

===Development===
The British experience against the Germans during World War II showed that there were severe deficiencies with their cruiser tanks. The main cruiser tanks in the British inventory was the [[Crusader Mk II|Crusader]] tank, but suffered from a gradually inefficient armament and thin armour. A request was submitted in 1941 to the Nuffield Organization and Leyland Motors Ltd for a heavier cruiser tank that could take on the gradually stronger German tanks, the design was also to use components from the Crusader tanks for economic reasons. This became the A24 Cruiser Tank Mk VII Cavalier tank and the A27L Cruiser tank Mk VII Centaur tank, which are both superseded by the [[Cromwell V|A27M Cruiser Tank Mk VII Cromwell tank]]. The Cromwell ended up as a decent cruiser tank for the British Army, giving great mobility, reliability, and a decent OQF 75 mm gun (or a 6-pounder gun). However, it still had problems, such as being under-gunned against the more armoured German tanks and suspension problems.

It was determined that the British Army needed a tank that mounted the large 17-pounder gun, which would allow the tank to stand its ground against the German panzers. The first attempt was an upgraded Cromwell in the form of the [[Challenger|A30 Challenger]], but development and production was slow and the first mass-produced tank with the 17-pounder was the modified [[Sherman Firefly|Sherman Firefly]]. While the Firefly was adequate, it was a logistical burden when the Firefly is attached with Cromwell troops, which would require the troop to have maintenance requirements for a Cromwell and a Sherman tank. A more standard tank is needed to fix this, and development started on this with the General Staff specification '''A34'''.

The developing tank, now called '''A34 Comet I''', was meant to fix the issues from the Cromwell such as the suspension and the track shedding, plus also increase the firepower and speed. The gun mounted on the tank was the "77 mm HV", a specifically built gun for the Comet I. Though using the same projectiles as the 17-pounder, the 77 mm HV gun uses cartridges with different casings and thus the rounds between the two gun are different and the 77 mm HV produces a lower muzzle velocity for the round, but this allowed easier stowage in the gun due to the more compact size. The Comet I also gave a greater armour protection, a welded armour construction, cast gun mantlet, stronger suspension, a return roller established in the suspension, an electrically traversed turret, and ammo stowage inside armoured bins. The Comet I, though having the power to go faster than the Cromwell, is restricted with an engine governor to preserve the suspension, engine, and tracks. The Comet I entered prototype stage in February 1944, but delays caused production to start at September 1944 and then put into service in Europe at December 1944. By the end of the war, about 1,186 Comet I tanks were made for the British Army.

===Combat usage===
The first units to receive the Comet I tank was the British 11th Armoured Division, which was delivered in December 1944, and was the only division to be refitted with Comets by the end of the war. The Comet did not perform significantly in the battlefield due to its late arrival, but it was involved in the crossing of the Rhine and the Berlin Victory parade in July 1945. At Europe, the maximum speed of 51 km/h allowed the Comet I to exploit the German highways to travel throughout the entire countryside.

The Comet I saw service after World War II during the Korean War when it started, serving alongside its to-be successor [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion tank]]. Though the Centurion was adopted in 1949, the Comet I continued to see service in the British Army until 1958, when it was then decommissioned and sold to foreign countries, which included South Africa, Finland, Ireland, Cuba, and Myanmar. Notable records with the Comet I sales was 41 tanks to Finland, which used them until 1970 and kept them in storage for much longer. In 1959, 4 were sent to Ireland in 1959 and another 4 the following year, the Irish kept them until 1973 before being withdrawn.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|oc_Z6gHeFCA|A running Comet I at Parola Armour Museum in 2015}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/852/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> A34 Comet I and A30 Challenger]
* [http://the.shadock.free.fr/Surviving_Comets.pdf [Shaddock.free<nowiki>]</nowiki>Surviving Comet Is]

{{Britain medium tanks}}

F6F-5N

2020-09-21T13:46:49Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=f6f-5n
|cockpit=cockpit_f6f-5n.jpg
}}
{{About
| about = American naval fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the French version
| link-1 = F6F-5N (France)
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = F6F (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American naval fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,730 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 602 || 581 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.2 || 23.1 || 8.1 || 8.1 || 399
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,730 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 661 || 629 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.8 || 21.0 || 16.7 || 11.8 || 399
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
|{{Specs|1=destruction|2=body}}||{{Specs|1=destruction|2=gear}} || 510 || ~11 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 432 || < 420 || < 420 || > 420
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 518 m || 2,000 hp || 2,398 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,724 m || 1,800 hp || 2,158 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 3
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,400 m || 1,650 hp || 1,978 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 3 mm steel - below the engine and above cooling system
* 6.35 mm steel - behind the pilot
* 38 mm bulletproof glass - armoured windscreen

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===
[[File:F6F_Pilot_Protection.png|thumb|right|300px|A page from the F63/F6F pilots manual detailing protective angles against enemy weapons.]]

{{main|AN/M2 (20 mm)|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm AN/M2 cannons, wing-mounted (231 rpg = 462 total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, wing-mounted (400 rpg = 1,600 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|Tiny Tim|HVAR|Mk.13/44}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 6 x HVAR rockets
* 2 x Tiny Tim rockets
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs + 6 x HVAR rockets (2,000 lb total)
* 1 x Mk.13/44 torpedo

== Usage in battles ==

The F6F-5N was a versatile fighter during World War II and it proves this with both the capabilities of the airframe along with the varied ordnance it can carry. The powerful weapons that the F6F-5N has on-board can make short work of enemy aircraft and some ground targets, and the sizable amount of suspended weapons allows the aircraft to be used in support roles when attacking critical ground targets. In addition, employment of the radar can make the F6F-5N a deadly fighter in night combat or in adverse weather conditions.

'''Aerial combat'''

This F6F-5N has a powerful engine and a relatively heavy airframe, which allows it to perform well in diving and manoeuvering attacks. Against aircraft that are less manoeuverable or are unable to maintain speed during combat the F6F-5N can easily take them out. When fighting lighter and more nimble enemies, it pays to be cautious and not commit into a fight without having superior energy to escape if it becomes necessary.

During the night, the radar becomes an invaluable tool to seek out and destroy enemy aircraft. It is best to position the aircraft where targets can be detected from the side or rear aspect which allows the F6F-5N to follow them and shoot them down. Take note of the limited range of the radar and that targets may only be visible up to a few kilometers away. A helpful range setting for the radar is the 9.25 km (5.75 mi) scan distance, as further options can make it difficult to properly find and chase down targets. When moving in closer, switching to the 1.85 km (1.15 mi) scan distance can make it easier to stay on a target from behind as well as transition to the radar track mode.

'''Ground attack'''

The F6F-5N is effective in ground attack where it can be outfitted with either bombs or rockets. The 1,000 lb bombs have a devastating effect on ships and hardened structures, and especially on vehicles which are clustered in a compact area. The agility of the aircraft makes it ideal to outfit rockets, which can be dropped if not needed. The larger Tiny Tim rockets will pack a huge punch against heavily armoured vehicles or static defenses (such as heavy tanks or pillboxes) and ships. The Tiny Tims can even be used to finish off an enemy base that has very little health remaining. HVAR rockets work best when reserved for lighter armoured vehicles some hardened concrete structures and bombers.

'''Naval attack'''

Although the bombs and rockets that the F6F-5N can carry are able to be used against naval targets, they can place the aircraft into dangerous situations when attacking ships. The F6F-5N can carry a single Mk.13/44 torpedo which will prove deadly against any naval enemy. Using it effectively requires planning ahead of time, as simply charging straight at a ship will likely end up in a lost aircraft. Working around terrain such as islands and hills to sneak in close and dropping the torpedo at the latest possible time can result in a sunken ship and a living aircraft.

===Radars===
{{main|AN/APS-6}}
The F6F-5N is equipped with an [[AN/APS-6]] search and tracking radar. The radar is mounted in a pod under the right wing tip.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | [[AN/APS-6]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 60,000 m (theoretical) || 7,200 m || ±60° || ±60°
|-
! colspan="4" | [[AN/APS-6]] - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 1,000 m || 150 m || ±15° || ±15°
|-
|}

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 3 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
| ITC mk.III
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12 mm MGs
| FRC mk.2
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| LFRC mk.12
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 20 mm cannons
| FLBC mk.1
|-
|}

Payload modules unlock the following:

* ITC mk.III: One torpedo
* FRC mk.2: Six HVAR rockets
* LFRC mk.12: Two Tiny Tims
* FLBC mk.1: Two 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Cannon armament
* Great variety of weapons for any map, aerial combat, ground attack and maps with naval ships
* Decent climb rate and manoeuverability
* Has a search and tracking radar
* Capable of operating from an aircraft carrier

'''Cons:'''

* Slower than the standard F6F-5
* Not as energy-efficient in a climb as other American aircraft (such as the P-47)
* Overall worse performance than F6F

== History ==

[[File:F6F 5N Cockpit Manual.png|thumb|right|320px|A page from the F6F Hellcat Pilot's Manual showing the differences found in the F6F-5N cockpit, with the radio altimeter indicator and radar scope being pointed out.]]
The F6F-5N was a modification of the standard F6F-5 for use as a night fighter. These aircraft were fitted with additional equipment in the form of a radio altimeter and radar. The Westinghouse AN/APS-6 radar was installed on the starboard wing of the F6F-5N, with units being completed in middle and late 1944. The APS-6 served as a method to search and destroy hostile aircraft in conditions with zero visibility, with data being displayed in a standard B-scope view of the target azimuth on the x-axis and target range on the y-axis. Aside from target search and tracking, the APS-6 could also be used in a navigation role by tracking a radar emitter or beacon with a search range of up to 100 miles.<ref name="ibiblio" /> Due to the simplifications from the earlier AN/APS-4 radar, the APS-6 was small enough to be installed in single-engine aircraft which allowed for independent action among night fighters. Another feature of the F6F-5N was the Type GR-1 automatic pilot, which gave pilots the ability to maintain a stable flight attitude with minimal input. Just as with the F6F-5, the -5N used the Pratt & Whitney R-2800-10W and had provisions to used a mixed armament of 2x 20 mm M2 cannons and 4x .50 cal Browning machine guns. The F6F-5N is noted as being one of the better American night fighters during World War II and was chosen to be a night fighter over other aircraft such as the F4U Corsair.<ref name="ibiblio" />

== Media ==

<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:F6F_FN_and_Tiny_Tim.png|thumb|none|350px|An underside view of a '''{{PAGENAME}}''' carrying two [[Tiny Tim]] rockets. These rockets had to be released before igniting so to clear the propeller arc.]]</li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:F6F_FN_firing_Tiny_Tim.png|thumb|none|375px|A view of a '''{{PAGENAME}}''' firing off a [[Tiny Tim]] rocket at an enemy target.]]</li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Tiny_Tim_shackle.png|thumb|none|320px|A side view of the shackle connection of the [[Tiny Tim]] rocket to the external pylon of the '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]</li>
</ul></div>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* AviationShoppe link for '''[https://aviationshoppe.com/manuals/grumman_f6f_flight_manual/f6f.html Grumman F6F Hellcat Pilot's Manual]'''
* Ibiblio HyperWar link for '''[https://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/NightFighterRadars/USNFRadar2.html "The AN/APS-6 Aircraft Radar"]'''

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="ibiblio">"The AN/APS-6 Aircraft Radar" in ''Westinghouse in World War 2: Radio and X-ray Divsions,'' Westinghouse Electric & Mfg.Co., Inc, 1946.</ref>
</references>

{{AirManufacturer Grumman}}
{{USA fighters}}

Type 62

2020-09-20T23:20:12Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_type_62}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]]. This Chinese vehicle is identical to the [[Type 62 (USSR)|Type 62]] originally introduced in the Soviet tree.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The Type 62's armor is very light for its rank and should not be relied upon against any serious anti-tank fire. Frontal protection is generally sufficient to resist heavy machine guns and possibly smaller autocannons that would have destroyed the preceding [[Type 63-I]], but the same cannot be said for the side, rear, and roof armor. The Type 62's best defense is not being seen.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 35 mm (57°) ''Front glacis'' 25 mm (50°) ''Lower glacis'' || 25 mm || 15 mm (7-52°) || 20 mm ''Front'' 15 mm ''Engine deck'' 5 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 50 mm (9-59°) ''Turret front'' 50 mm (2-66°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 35 mm (11-44°) || 32 mm (11-46°) || 20 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 30 mm || 20 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 775|rbMinHp= 442}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 62-85TS (85 mm)}}
The vehicle is armed with the Chinese Type 62-85TS rifled cannon, which is very similar to the soviet [[ZIS-S-53 (85 mm)]] cannon on the [[T-44]] and the [[T-34-85]]. While at first, the {{PAGENAME}} gets access to the same ballistic ammunition than it's soviet counterparts, it also gets access to more powerful HEATFS rounds, which can prove useful when engaging heavily armored targets.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 62-85TS (85 mm)|85 mm Type-62-85-TC]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 47 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+22° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.52 || 13.18 || 16.00 || 17.69 || 18.82 || rowspan="2" | 9.62 || rowspan="2" | 8.51 || rowspan="2" | 7.84 || rowspan="2" | 7.40
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 5.95 || 7.00 || 8.50 || 9.40 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
While the tank comes with APHEBC by default, the latter APCBC provides more penetration for decreased damage. The APCR and HEATFS rounds on the other hand are better used to engage heavily armored targets frontally such as [[Tiger II (H)]] or [[T29]].

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| BR-365A || APHEBC ||135 || 133 || 125 || 115 || 106 || 97
|-
| BR-367 || APCBC || 164 || 162 || 154 || 145 || 136 || 127
|-
| BR-367P || APCR || 208 || 203 || 183 || 160 || 140 || 123
|-
| Type 1956 HEAT-FS || HEATFS || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300
|-
| 0-365K || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| BR-365A || APHEBC || 792 || 9.20 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 164.00 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-367 || APCBC || 792 || 9.20 || 1.2 || 14.0 || 67.76 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-367P || APCR || 1020 || 5.30 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| Type 1956 HEAT-FS || HEATFS || 845 || 7.00 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 822.8 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| 0-365K || HE || 793 || 9.54 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 660 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''47''' || 45 ''(+2)'' || 37 ''(+10)'' || 31 ''(+16)'' || 23 ''(+24)'' || 21 ''(+26)'' || 1 ''(+46)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Turret empty: 37 (+10)

=== Machine guns ===


{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt)
! Fire rate
! Vertical
! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,200 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A

|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt)
! Fire rate
! Vertical
! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 300 (50) || 600 || -2°/+25° || ±180°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


With its excellent mobility, the Type-62 is great for getting from point to point and setting up ambushes. However it is important to note that the reload rate is around the same or even slower than most enemy tanks, so making your first shot count is always going to determine whether you survive the engagement or not. Aiming for the turret or ammo racks of the enemy are great options, as they usually ensure ammo rack detonations or that the enemy won't be able to fire back at you if not.

Also note that going on rough terrain and over piles of rubble is not recommended while at risk to be shot at by the enemy, as the gun takes a very long time to adjust in the vertical. With the the HEAT-FS shell, staying at range is also possible, as it is much easier for you to hide your tank from the enemy while not losing accuracy and penetration of the HEAT-FS shell.

When facing heavy and medium tanks of the enemy, try to knock out their gun to allow you to get a clear shot of their side, as the stock shells for the 85mm gun on the Type-62 can't reliably penetrate tanks such as the [[T29]] and [[Tiger II (H)]] up front. However, with the HEAT-FS and APCR shells unlocked you'll be able to deal with heavily armoured tanks easier, so getting those early on is a must.

The hardest tanks to destroy in the Type-62 will be the T29 and Tiger II (H), as APHEBC and APCBC shells cannot penetrate these tanks from the front. When facing against these tanks, your best option is to get their ammo racks or turret crew from the side while they're busy dealing with your teammates, or, if they see you, relocating without them seeing you and catching them unaware. With the HEAT-FS shell it is possible to even penetrate the King Tiger's upper front plate if they underestimate you and don't angle their hull.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| BR-367
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| BR-367P
| Type 1956 HEAT-FS
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| Airstrike
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Improved optics
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good acceleration, can reach fast travel speed quickly
* Small profile, easier to hide compared to the Type 63-I
* Better frontal protection than the Type 63-I
* Access to Type 1956 HEAT-FS round capable of penetrating 300 mm of armour, lethal against even heavy tanks
* APHEBC shells are great for side shots, can OHKO many tanks at its rank
* Pintle-mounted 12.7 mm MG can be used for fending off aircraft or light vehicles
* Decent ammo reserve for its size, 47 shells

'''Cons:'''

* Poor gun handling, turret rotation and elevation speeds are sluggish
* Thin armor, low crew survivability
* Somewhat slow reload
* Bad gun depression
* Can be confused for [[Type 62 (USSR)|the other Type 62]] located in the Soviet tree in Simulator Battles

== History ==

===Development===
After World War II, China stayed in a state of conflict as part of the Chinese Civil War, pitting the Chinese Nationalists against the Communists. The Communist Party were victorious and they established the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 01 October 1949. In 14 February 1950, the Chinese signed an alliance treaty with the Soviet Union, which allowed the Soviet Union to support China economically and militarily, leading to many money loans and arms trade. One of the weapons given in arms trade was the Soviet's new main battle tank, the T-54. The tank became the basis of the Soviet's aid in building up China's tank manufacturing facility in 1956, starting with Soviet-made parts before transitioning to Chinese parts. The T-54 tank design was then accepted into the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) in 1959 as the [[Type 59]].

While accepted as the main tank of the PLA, the Type 59 was deemed too heavy for some of the terrain and infrastructure on China. A light tank design was requested in the late 1950s, leading to the formal development process in 1958. The first prototype was produced in 1960 as the Type 59-16, which was essentially a down-scaled Type 59 with an 85 mm armament, thinner armour, and smaller profile. Trials commenced until December 1962, when it was accepted as the Type 62, production name WZ 131. It was then put into production in 1963 with roughly 1,393 tank units produced until 1989.

===Combat Usage===
The Type 62 light tank was primarily stationed with military units in Southern China where the infrastructure is not as sophisticated. However, the Type 62 would not see its first usage in Chinese hands. A number of them was supplied to the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War, which they used against America and South Vietnam until the end of the war in 1975. The Type 62 then saw use again in 1979 in Vietnam, but mostly in Chinese hands in the Sino-Vietnamese War. However, the Type 62 suffered due to anti-tank weapons such as the ubiquitous rocket launchers penetrating right through the thin armour. The overall consensus of their experiences in Vietnam was that the Type 62 not suitable to act around as a normal tank due to its light armour and armament, and was relegated to recon and fire support.

An upgrade program commenced on the Type 62 led to the Type 62-I variant. The program was based on the experiences in Vietnam, leading to many upgrades such as a laser range finder, a shield for the exterior-mounted 12.7 mm machine gun, and protection against HEAT rounds. The second modernization program began in 2000 to upgrade the Type 62-I into Type 62G which improved the armour layout and turret design of the tank, as well as adding smoke dischargers and a new 105 mm main armament with a modern stabilizer and fire-control system. The Type 62 stayed in the Chinese service up until early 2013.

The Type 62 also saw exportation to many countries, ranging from Albania, Banglades, Cambodia, Congo, Mali, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, North Korea, and Zaire. In some cases, such as in North Korea, this led to confusions between the Soviet's T-62 main battle tank due to the labeling of the Type 62 as simply "T-62". Information of the Type 62 in these countries are rather limited or unknown, though most of them seem to still have them in reserves today.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China light tanks}}

Type 87

2020-08-16T00:58:43Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_type_87}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicle {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. It is incredibly similar to the German [[Gepard|Flakpanzer Gepard]], using the same [[Oerlikon KDA (35 mm)|35 mm Oerlikon KDA]] autocannons with a similar turret. The key difference is that the Type 87 uses a modified chassis of the [[Type 74]], compared to the Gepard being mounted on the [[Leopard I]] chassis.

The Type 87 performs fairly well at its rank, being able to effectively engage aircraft quite well thanks to its high rate of fire, quick turret traverse and radar systems. It is also capable of fighting lightly armoured tanks such as most infantry fighting vehicles (BMP, Warrior, M3 Bradley) and effectively killing them in seconds with its rapid-fire guns. The Type 87's default belts have less penetration than its predecessor, the [[M42 (Japan)|M42 Duster SDF]], although this is not much of a difference (72 mm on M42 compared to 68 mm on Type 87), however the Type 87 gains the ability to fight other MBTs when it unlocks the Armour Piercing belts, which have 116 mm of penetration at 100 m. While this is not advised, it is an incredibly handy ability to have in an emergency.

The Type 87 is also extremely proficient at shooting down helicopters - the [[AH-1G]] is a common nuisance that the Type 87 has no difficulty in destroying. However, for more modern helicopters, most notably the Kamov [[Ka-50]], the Type 87 is harmless.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Aluminum Alloy AMS 4050A (Turret)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (78°) ''Front glacis'' 30 mm (21-63°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 mm || 20 mm (16°) ''Top'' 20 mm (49°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm
|-
| Turret || 25 mm (6-37°) 20 mm (76°) ''Turret underside'' || 20 mm ''Turret side'' 10 mm ''Cannons'' || 15 mm (3°) || 15 mm 20 mm (69°) ''Turret underside''
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1023|rbMinHp= 637}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Oerlikon KDA (35 mm)}}

Main weapons are the 35 mm Oerlikon KDA autocannons, which are essentially the same as [[Gepard]]'s. They are different from KDE gun variant of [[type 89]] if you used it - they use completely different ammunition and fire much faster.

Guns will overheat if fired for longer than 15 seconds. They will cool off in about 30 seconds, but you can unjam them earlier by switching between ammunition belts.

The guns are placed close to the centre of a turret, typically, if you missed one shot, you probably missed both shots. For this reason SPAA relies more on precise lengthy bursts with enemy flight path prediction, rather than "fire a 30 shot burst there and forget about it" of [[Chieftain Marksman]]. You have more ammunition for the gun than British equivalent, to compensate for this.

35 mm gun is slightly weaker than the Bofors of [[M42 (Japan)|M42]]. One thing to keep in mind is with this vehicle you are hunting jets and jets suffer much heavier stress from the speed they employ. This heavier stress equates to greater damage caused by even one or two hits of 35 mm HEI-T which will explode them or rip off their wings. For best results, you just need to hit them once or twice, which 35 mm guns are much better at doing.

For ammunition you can choose one main and one secondary belt. The secondary belt only has 40 shells, but it can be used to attack the enemy from capture points, as it rearms significantly faster. However, the secondary belt can be used in place of the main one for self-defence while the main belt rearms, so as to not leave the Type 87 defenceless.

;List of belts:

*'''Default''' belt, which alternates API-T and HEI-T shells - can attack planes and light tanks alike. HEI-T does fatal damage to aeroplanes, but has 3 mm penetration, being useless against tanks. API-T penetration is about 64 mm at 100 m at a flat angle. Keep in mind that it can fail to penetrate medium tanks. Against planes, API-T does kinetic damage and may rip off their wings on a good hit.

*'''Anti-air''' belt, which alternates 3 HEI-T and 1 API-T - 75% of this belt does critical damage to aircraft but does nothing to ground vehicles.

*'''Anti-tank''' belt, which alternates 3 API-T and 1 HEI-T - 75% of this belt does significant damage to light tanks but does less damage to aircraft.

*'''APDS anti-tank''' belt, which consists purely of APDS. APDS has better penetration value, easily penetrating 100 mm at 100 m at a flat angle, penetrating even decently protected tanks from the side and can threaten lightly armoured tanks even at 2km range. Cannot be chosen as the main belt.

'''Belt types:'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="9" |Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" |Belt
! rowspan="2" |Type of warhead
! colspan="6" |'''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
!10m
!100m
!500m
!1000m
!1500m
!2000m
|-
|Default || API-T, HEI-T || 67 || 64 || 52 || 39 || 30 || 23
|-
|DM11A1 || HEI-Tx3, API-T || 67 || 64 || 52 || 39 || 30 || 23
|-
| DM-13 || API-Tx3, HEI-T || 67 || 64 || 52 || 39 || 30 || 23
|-
| DM-23 || APDS || 112 || 110 || 101 || 90 || 71 || 62
|}

'''Note''': HEI-T does no damage to armoured targets, but critically damages planes. Penetration numbers are displayed for strongest shell in belt.

===Radars===
{{main|MPDR 12|Albis}}
The Type 87 is equipped with a [[MPDR 12]] search radar and an [[Albis]] tracking radar. Both radars are mounted at the rear of the turret, with the search radar mounted on top of an arm and the tracking radar mounted at the base of the arm. The radar system is capable of tracking a target while scanning, but can only track targets within a 200° arc from the front of the turret. It is not possible to fold the radars at this time.

Search radar of this tank may often fail to catch passing by planes at closer ranges, which can be still locked on by tracking radar. In such case, you can try to go to sniper mode and aim crosshairs at enemy aircraft, then press "lock on" key to trigger manual tracking radar scan (will be visible by a quick sweep on radar display). If it failed, then the enemy plane has way too low relative speed to be consistently tracked.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="5" | [[MPDR 12]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Detection Range|The range, below which, a target cannot be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum relative speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be detectable by the radar}}
|-
| 15,000 m || 500 m || 360° || ??? || 10 m/s (36 km/h)
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Albis]] - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum target speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be tracked by the radar}}
|-
| 15,000 m || 75 m || ±100° || -20°/+85° || 15 m/s (54 km/h)
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

As an Anti-Aircraft vehicle, you should push with your team and defend cap points by protecting allies from aircraft with your powerful 35 mm guns. It should not be a problem to stay away from the main battle unless you are being pushed or your position is being overrun. In case if you see enemy light SPG or light tank, you can try to destroy them as well. With APDS belt you may dare to attack decently armoured medium tanks from the side, but you only have enough ammo for one or two encounters, so make it count.

Despite having radar, staying too far away from allies in arcade mode may backfire, as shells still take some time to reach enemy aircraft and hostile bombers only have to be 1.8 km away from them to drop bombs in the most efficient way possible, and it doesn't take a long time for them to reach that distance. If enemy aircraft is constantly wiggling, radar supported aim will also go all over the place, so try to guess where they are going, or press them to force them to change direction to one away from your allies.

In case if you actually got attacked by ground forces, you should then aim for cannon barrels and tracks of enemy vehicles. Your hull armour may deflect inbound shots if angled correctly, but don't expect your turret to do the same, as its armour is very thin and generally will be penetrated by everything at your battle rating and rank. Keep in mind, that your tank is a hull breakable vehicle, so avoid being hit by HEAT-FS rounds or by large kinetic shells into the engine compartment area.

Use [[Hydropneumatic suspension]] to get better search radar coverage and gun depression on your targets, or to keep yourself standing flat. Standing flat is important, as being angled too much may add horizontal targeting error.

In case if you are fighting multiple attackers or rocket helicopters, avoid being carpet-bombed, as the Type 87 is not built to survive such attacks. Be especially careful with Soviet helicopters, as they can carry both rockets and missiles. Remember - radar lock will help your gun to stay on target even when you are moving, and so, if you see a wall of rockets approaching you, sidestep it and don't just stand there and take it.
===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|DM11A1
|Horizontal Drive
|
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|DM13
|Adjustment of Fire
|Laser rangefinder
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|
|Elevation Mechanism
|Smoke grenade
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|DM23
|Artillery Support
|NVD
|-
|}
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros'''

* Powerful, fast-firing 35 mm twin Oerlikon KDA cannon
* Quick with the Type 74 chassis, up to 58 km/h
* [[Hydropneumatic suspension]] with the Type 74 chassis
* Can engage tanks from their sides

'''Cons'''

* -5 degrees of gun depression (bad compared to the Flakpanzer Gepard)
* 30 mm armour maximum
* Any main ammunition belts other than the default cost 6,600 silver lions
* You can only have one secondary belt selected with a meagre ammo count
* Spinning radar dish may make you more visible in tank realistic battles

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==

[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=jp_type_87 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the Type 87 from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/4512-development-type-87-the-japanese-gepard-en/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Type 87: The Japanese Gepard]

{{Japan anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Type 87

2020-08-16T00:58:18Z

U83296939: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_type_87}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicle {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. It is incredibly similar to the German [[Gepard|Flakpanzer Gepard]], using the same [[Oerlikon KDA (35 mm)|35 mm Oerlikon KDA]] autocannons with a similar turret. The key difference is that the Type 87 uses a modified chassis of the [[Type 74]], compared to the Gepard being mounted on the [[Leopard I]] chassis.

The Type 87 performs fairly well at its rank, being able to effectively engage aircraft quite well thanks to its high rate of fire, quick turret traverse and radar systems. It is also capable of fighting lightly armoured tanks such as most infantry fighting vehicles (BMP, Warrior, M3 Bradley) and effectively killing them in seconds with its rapid-fire guns. The Type 87's default belts have less penetration than its predecessor, the [[M42 (Japan)|M42 Duster SDF]], although this is not much of a difference (72 mm on M42 compared to 68 mm on Type 87), however the Type 87 gains the ability to fight other MBTs when it unlocks the Armour Piercing belts, which have 116 mm of penetration at 100 m. While this is not advised, it is an incredibly handy ability to have in an emergency.

The Type 87 is also extremely proficient at shooting down helicopters - the [[AH-1G]] is a common nuisance that the Type 87 has no difficulty in destroying. However, for more modern helicopters, most notably the Kamov [[Ka-50]], the Type 87 is harmless.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Aluminum Alloy AMS 4050A (Turret)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (78°) ''Front glacis'' 30 mm (21-63°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 mm || 20 mm (16°) ''Top'' 20 mm (49°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm
|-
| Turret || 25 mm (6-37°) 20 mm (76°) ''Turret underside'' || 20 mm ''Turret side'' 10 mm ''Cannons'' || 15 mm (3°) || 15 mm 20 mm (69°) ''Turret underside''
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1023|rbMinHp= 637}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Oerlikon KDA (35 mm)}}

Main weapons are the 35 mm Oerlikon KDA autocannons, which are essentially the same as [[Gepard]]'s. They are different from KDE gun variant of [[type 89]] if you used it - they use completely different ammunition and fire much faster.

Guns will overheat if fired for longer than 15 seconds. They will cool off in about 30 seconds, but you can unjam them earlier by switching between ammunition belts.

The guns are placed close to the centre of a turret, typically, if you missed one shot, you probably missed both shots. For this reason SPAA relies more on precise lengthy bursts with enemy flight path prediction, rather than "fire a 30 shot burst there and forget about it" of [[Chieftain Marksman]]. You have more ammunition for the gun than British equivalent, to compensate for this.

35 mm gun is slightly weaker than the Bofors of [[M42 (Japan)|M42]]. One thing to keep in mind is with this vehicle you are hunting jets and jets suffer much heavier stress from the speed they employ. This heavier stress equates to greater damage caused by even one or two hits of 35 mm HEI-T which will explode them or rip off their wings. For best results, you just need to hit them once or twice, which 35 mm guns are much better at doing.

For ammunition you can choose one main and one secondary belt. The secondary belt only has 40 shells, but it can be used to attack the enemy from capture points, as it rearms significantly faster. However, the secondary belt can be used in place of the main one for self-defence while the main belt rearms, so as to not leave the Type 87 defenceless.

;List of belts:

*'''Default''' belt, which alternates API-T and HEI-T shells - can attack planes and light tanks alike. HEI-T does fatal damage to aeroplanes, but has 3 mm penetration, being useless against tanks. API-T penetration is about 64 mm at 100 m at a flat angle. Keep in mind that it can fail to penetrate medium tanks. Against planes, API-T does kinetic damage and may rip off their wings on a good hit.

*'''Anti-air''' belt, which alternates 3 HEI-T and 1 API-T - 75% of this belt does critical damage to aircraft but does nothing to ground vehicles.

*'''Anti-tank''' belt, which alternates 3 API-T and 1 HEI-T - 75% of this belt does significant damage to light tanks but does less damage to aircraft.

*'''APDS anti-tank''' belt, which consists purely of APDS. APDS has better penetration value, easily penetrating 100 mm at 100 m at a flat angle, penetrating even decently protected tanks from the side and can threaten lightly armoured tanks even at 2km range. Cannot be chosen as the main belt.

'''Belt types:'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="9" |Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" |Belt
! rowspan="2" |Type of warhead
! colspan="6" |'''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
!10m
!100m
!500m
!1000m
!1500m
!2000m
|-
|Default || API-T, HEI-T || 67 || 64 || 52 || 39 || 30 || 23
|-
|DM11A1 || HEI-Tx3, API-T || 67 || 64 || 52 || 39 || 30 || 23
|-
| DM-13 || API-Tx3, HEI-T || 67 || 64 || 52 || 39 || 30 || 23
|-
| DM-23 || APDS || 112 || 110 || 101 || 90 || 71 || 62
|}

'''Note''': HEI-T does no damage to armoured targets, but critically damages planes. Penetration numbers are displayed for strongest shell in belt.

===Radars===
{{main|MPDR 12|Albis}}
The Type 87 is equipped with a [[MPDR 12]] search radar and an [[Albis]] tracking radar. Both radars are mounted at the rear of the turret, with the search radar mounted on top of an arm and the tracking radar mounted at the base of the arm. The radar system is capable of tracking a target while scanning, but can only track targets within a 200° arc from the front of the turret. It is not possible to fold the radars at this time.

Search radar of this tank may often fail to catch passing by planes at closer ranges, which can be still locked on by tracking radar. In such case, you can try to go to sniper mode and aim crosshairs at enemy aircraft, then press "lock on" key to trigger manual tracking radar scan (will be visible by a quick sweep on radar display). If it failed, then the enemy plane has way too low relative speed to be consistently tracked.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="5" | [[MPDR 12]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Detection Range|The range, below which, a target cannot be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum relative speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be detectable by the radar}}
|-
| 15,000 m || 500 m || 360° || ??? || 10 m/s (36 km/h)
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Albis]] - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum target speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be tracked by the radar}}
|-
| 15,000 m || 75 m || ±100° || -20°/+85° || 15 m/s (54 km/h)
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

As an Anti-Aircraft vehicle, you should push with your team and defend cap points by protecting allies from aircraft with your powerful 35 mm guns. It should not be a problem to stay away from the main battle unless you are being pushed or your position is being overrun. In case if you see enemy light SPG or light tank, you can try to destroy them as well. With APDS belt you may dare to attack decently armoured medium tanks from the side, but you only have enough ammo for one or two encounters, so make it count.

Despite having radar, staying too far away from allies in arcade mode may backfire, as shells still take some time to reach enemy aircraft and hostile bombers only have to be 1.8 km away from them to drop bombs in the most efficient way possible, and it doesn't take a long time for them to reach that distance. If enemy aircraft is constantly wiggling, radar supported aim will also go all over the place, so try to guess where they are going, or press them to force them to change direction to one away from your allies.

In case if you actually got attacked by ground forces, you should then aim for cannon barrels and tracks of enemy vehicles. Your hull armour may deflect inbound shots if angled correctly, but don't expect your turret to do the same, as its armour is very thin and generally will be penetrated by everything at your battle rating and rank. Keep in mind, that your tank is a hull breakable vehicle, so avoid being hit by HEAT-FS rounds or by large kinetic shells into the engine compartment area.

Use [[Hydropneumatic suspension]] to get better search radar coverage and gun depression on your targets, or to keep yourself standing flat. Standing flat is important, as being angled too much may add horizontal targeting error.

In case if you are fighting multiple attackers or rocket helicopters, avoid being carpet-bombed, as Type 87 is not built to survive such attacks. Be especially careful with Soviet helicopters, as they can carry both rockets and missiles. Remember - radar lock will help your gun to stay on target even when you are moving, and so, if you see a wall of rockets approaching you, sidestep it and don't just stand there and take it.
===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|DM11A1
|Horizontal Drive
|
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|DM13
|Adjustment of Fire
|Laser rangefinder
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|
|Elevation Mechanism
|Smoke grenade
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|DM23
|Artillery Support
|NVD
|-
|}
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros'''

* Powerful, fast-firing 35 mm twin Oerlikon KDA cannon
* Quick with the Type 74 chassis, up to 58 km/h
* [[Hydropneumatic suspension]] with the Type 74 chassis
* Can engage tanks from their sides

'''Cons'''

* -5 degrees of gun depression (bad compared to the Flakpanzer Gepard)
* 30 mm armour maximum
* Any main ammunition belts other than the default cost 6,600 silver lions
* You can only have one secondary belt selected with a meagre ammo count
* Spinning radar dish may make you more visible in tank realistic battles

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==

[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=jp_type_87 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the Type 87 from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/4512-development-type-87-the-japanese-gepard-en/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Type 87: The Japanese Gepard]

{{Japan anti-aircraft vehicles}}