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SIDAM 25

2023-10-04T02:40:29Z

U78664998: /* Usage in battles */ Grammatical cleanup, wording adjustments

{{About
| about = Italian SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the version equipped with [[Mistral SATCP]] missiles
| link-1 = SIDAM 25 (Mistral)
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = M113 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_otobreda_sidam_25
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The SIDAM 25 is an Italian anti-air platform developed by OTO Melara during the Cold War. Based on the M113A1 platform, the SIDAM 25 was primarily designed to fulfill the short-range air defense needs of the Italian army. The Italian army initially showed interest in the [[OTOMATIC]] anti-air platform; however, due to factors such as cost, the SIDAM 25 was chosen instead. One of its main drawbacks was that it lacked a radar system unlike other anti-air platforms of the era. A total of 275 systems were ordered. In the late 2010s, the SIDAM 25 began to be phased out, with most units being used to arm the Freccia IFV with a 25 mm cannon.

Introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]], the SIDAM 25 is equipped with 4 x 25 mm Oerlikon KBA cannons able to fire both HEI-T* and APDS rounds. The high fire density of this SPAA allows it to destroy planes within seconds, often requiring only a few hits to bring down the target. The HEI-T rounds in the M792 belt contain a TNT equivalent of 54.4 grams in each projectile, with a high muzzle velocity of 1,100 m/s, making it easier to lead targets. However, the standard belts lack armour-penetrating rounds, so your maximum penetration remains at 3 mm until you unlock the M791 belt (APDS). Once the M791 belt is unlocked, defeating tanks becomes much easier, thanks to the 81 mm of penetration at 10 metres and a muzzle velocity of 1,345 m/s. The potential of the platform is however severely limited by the maximum capacity of 660 rounds (165 per gun). It is important to be very careful with your ammunition considering the fire rate and the small ammunition capacity, giving approximately 18 seconds of continuous fire. However, once your rounds hit their target, there is little that can survive. Helicopters and aircraft will be brought down with ease if you remain undetected. The platform's mobility is just sufficient to reach desired positions, but its large size makes it difficult to go unnoticed on the battlefield. The SIDAM 25 also lacks sufficient armour protection, as heavy machine guns can easily penetrate it. In conclusion, stay hidden and fire only when you see an opportunity to do so.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Aluminium Alloy 7039
* Structural steel

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38 mm (46°), 29 mm (46°) ''Front glacis'' 38 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis'' || 44 mm ''Top'' 32 mm ''Bottom'' || 38 mm (10°) || 38 mm (89°) ''Front'' 38 mm (89°) ''Rear'' 
|-
| Turret || 38 mm (24°) ''Turret front'' 25 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (0°) || 25 mm || 25 mm (89°)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick and tracks are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=301|rbMinHp=188}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Oerlikon KBA (25 mm)}}

With only 60 APDS rounds available to fire, it is recommended to use them sparingly and only against light tanks/SPAA.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Oerlikon KBA (25 mm)|25 mm Oerlikon KBA]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 660 (150) || rowspan="2" | 550 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+87° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 105.7 || 146.3 || 177.6 || 196.4 || 208.9 || rowspan="2" | 1.30 || rowspan="2" | 1.15 || rowspan="2" | 1.06 || rowspan="2" | 1.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 71.4 || 84.0 || 102.0 || 112.8 || 120.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Oerlikon KBA (25 mm)/Ammunition|M792, M791}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''8''' || 0 ''(+8)'' || No
|-
|}

===Sensors===
{{main|3JB10}}

The SIDAM 25 is equipped with a [[3JB10]] optronic tracking system, with no search radar. The tracking system does not trigger the radar warning receiver fitted to some helicopters.
{{Notice|Although the tracker can track targets in an elevation range of -20°/+85° once locked on, it can only initially lock on to targets between -20°/+20° in elevation.}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="5" | [[3JB10]] - Optronic Tracking System
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum target speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be tracked by the radar}}
|-
| 5,000 m || 100 m || 360° || -20°/+85° (lock between -20°/+20°) || 1 m/s (3.6 km/h)
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The SIDAM 25 can be quite deadly when used effectively thanks to its heavy anti-aircraft firepower and powerful, if limited, APDS rounds. The best way to play the SIDAM 25 is to play very defensively. Due to being based on the widespread M113 chassis, the SIDAM features mediocre mobility and small inclines will challenge it severely. It is best to stick to flat ground where your vehicle can be much easier to control. The SIDAM lacks effective armour protection, and nearly any round will penetrate you with ease. Artillery will also be able to pressure damage you so in that case you should try your best to move away and avoid getting hit by it in the first place.

In case any vehicles breach your defenses you do have access to a small amount of APDS rounds. These will shred light vehicles and can disable heavier ones with precise aim. The SIDAM 25's APDS can penetrate up to 81 mm of armour. Do keep in mind that the APDS is a tier 3 modification so you'll have to research it before having access to it. Use the APDS strictly for self-defense, as the low ammunition count and characteristics of the hull severely limit its offensive ability. You can negate the low APDS count by staying near a capture point for rapid resupply. If able, play around capture points to keep your ammunition supplied.

In the anti-air sector, the SIDAM 25 does not have access to a radar, unlike other nations' counterparts at the battle rating. What you do have access to however is an optronic tracking system, which allows targets to be tracked, and provides one of the most most accurate lead indicators for any vehicle. This will allow you to predict flight paths of any enemy air vehicles you'll be facing. Another great thing about the optronic system is that it cannot be detected by radar warning receivers on enemy aircraft, making it much easier for you to target them and hopefully take them out with a quick barrage of you main gun. Speaking of which, the SIDAM's main armament consists of 4 x 25 mm guns, with a combined firepower of 2200 rounds per minute; more than enough to deal with most of the aircraft you'll face. You also have access to a two-plane stabilizer, which will furthermore aid you in firefights against both ground and air vehicles.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has an optronic tracking system allowing targets to be tracked and providing a lead indicator
* Optronic system cannot be detected by RWR on enemy aircraft, making it much easier for you to target them
* 550 RPM on the 25 mm guns, a combined 2200 RPM
* Two-axis stabilizer which is very stable
* Incredibly quick turret traverse and gun elevation
* APDS can penetrate 81 mm, plenty to defend against enemy vehicles (once it is unlocked)

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armour, very susceptible to overpressure
* Relatively poor zoom/magnification, harder to spot small targets at range (especially scout helicopters)
* APDS rounds are a tier 3 modification - until then, anti-armour work is not possible given the low penetration of the HE rounds
* Can only carry 60 APDS rounds
* Not very mobile compared to other tanks and SPAA at its rank, has a hard time scaling hills
* No search radar - only optronic targeting, meaning you need to have a visible target to lock on, and a clear line-of-sight to track it
* Can only lock-on to targets -20°/+20° in elevation

== History ==


The SIDAM 25 was made during the Cold War (the SIDAM system started in about 1980 and first two prototypes were trialed in 1983), Italy wanted to find a suitable anti-air vehicle that would be on par with the Soviet Union's and Warsaw Pact, as well as NATO vehicles such as the German Gepard and the American M163 VADS. Its primary goal was to take out out low flying aircraft but it was provided a secondary capability against lightly armoured targets thanks to the types of ammunition it had access to, such as APDS, HEI and SAPHEI. There had been some contenders on what the next anti air vehicle would be, but the Italian Ministry of defense ended up supporting the SIDAM 25 and started to place orders for the vehicle.

The SIDAM 25 would be based on the American M113 chassis then built under license, mainly it was chosen as it had local production and allowed for a cheap supply of parts and easy maintenance and training. However, to carry the impressive quad system, a large array of modifications had to be carried out including the removal of the single fuel tank replaced with twin tanks either side of the new engine and updated suspension to cope with the increased weight. Although to the outsiders it may look like a decent SPAA (which it is in a way, on a good day), but the actual production version lacked radar and any form of night vision/thermal vision. The SIDAM 25 was advertised at the time to be able to utilize night vision and thermal vision, however there was an issue, cost. The SIDAM 25 project ended up costing Italy too much, so they had to remove things from the actual prototypes such as night vision and the thermal imaging, it ended up having an entirely different turret (the one currently in game). In retrospect Italy could've acquired the OTOMATIC with that money, which although it would lead to less units, it would've been great if they went for quality over quantity.

Sadly the SIDAM 25 lived a short life, in total 276 of such systems were produced from 1985, they'd slowly be taken out of active service and put in storage. Most of them have been used for its main armament, and installed onto the Italian army 'Freccia IFV' which uses the same 25 mm the SIDAM once used. The SIDAM 25 would only ever be exported to a private military collector in Belgium, in an estimated 40 units. There was also plans on installing the SIDAM quad mount on another OTO-Melara project, the C-13, however due to political reasons that would not end up happening. In terms of SIDAM upgrades, modernization plans for the SIDAM 25 were drawn up in late 1994. The Italian engineers proposed the up-arming of the vehicle with Matra Mistral surface-to-air missiles in order to give it better long-range capabilities and improve its performance as a whole. Sadly, the Mistral program which aimed to upgrade the Italian SIDAMs would not be picked up.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_otobreda_sidam_25 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[SIDAM 25 (Mistral)]]
* [[M163]]

== External links ==


* https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/543261-sidam-25/
* https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/486514-sidam-25-and-sidam-25-mistral/

{{TankManufacturer OTO Melara}}
{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}

FV4202

2023-04-24T07:40:12Z

U78664998: Grammatical cleanup. Added ammunition & mobility descriptions.

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_fv4202
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. As the prototype of the [[Chieftain Mk 3|Chieftain]], it features the heavy sloping armour of the Chieftain on the chassis of a [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion tank]].

The FV4202 gives the player a very good insight into what to expect for the future of the Rank IV and V medium tanks of the British Ground Forces. Featuring very sloped frontal armour and a powerful high-penetrating cannon. The FV4202 is also relatively mobile for its armour and weight, this can be used to push the enemy. When in movement, keep in mind the turret armour and lower frontal glacis as these are prominent front weak points of the FV4202.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 51.2 mm (70°) ''Front glacis'' 74.8 mm (46°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51.2 (13°) + 13 mm || 31 mm (2°) ''Upper'' 31 mm (51°) || 27.2 mm
|-
| Turret || 170-200 mm (0-60°) || 89.6 mm || 92.6 mm || 60 mm
|-
| Cupola || 59.5 mm || 59.5 mm || 59.5 mm || 60 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* The front of the turret is heavily sloped and vary in thickness, being the thickest on the sides of the gun at 240 mm
* The turret ring is 200 mm

Aiming for the LFP (Lower Frontal Plate), with an effective thickness of around 150 mm, is probably the easiest place to go for when targeting the FV4202 from the front. By doing this, you are both taking out the driver and ammo. Aiming for the plate under it to take out the transmission and possibly the driver is also an option from the front. If your tank has a more powerful gun, aiming for the upper cupola or weak spots such as the gun mantlet or armour cheeks is possible. Alternatively, the turret ring is fairly exposed and only 200mm thick; a penetration here will often lead to a kill. Thanks to the FV4202's thick turret roof, shooting there with HE is usually ineffective.

If countering the FV4202 from the side, the skirt armour and tracks can sometimes catch a shot or two. Instead, aim for the side of the turret if a possibility. 3 of the 4 crew members are located in the turret, and a penetration will likely kill two and destroy the gun's breech, leading to a kill or eliminating their ability to return fire.. Key ammo racks are located beside the driver and directly below the turret; aim here when able for an easy kill. The engine deck only has a thin 8mm plate of armour - aim here while piloting an aircraft.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=790|rbMinHp=451}}The FV4202 is decently mobile for a medium tank, but is nothing exceptional. With only a 32km/h top speed and 510 horsepower, it will reach its top speed quickly but be slow to reach key positions on maps. Do note the poor reverse speed of 5 km/h: retreating from combat or backing up from angles will be slow; make sure to plan your positions in advance.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|20pdr OQF Mk.I (84 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[20pdr OQF Mk.I (84 mm)|84 mm 20pdr OQF Mk.I]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 17.14 || 23.72 || 28.80 || 31.85 || 33.88 || rowspan="2" | 8.19 || rowspan="2" | 7.25 || rowspan="2" | 6.68 || rowspan="2" | 6.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 10.71 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:20pdr OQF Mk.I (84 mm)/Ammunition|Shot Mk.1, Shot Mk.3, Shell Mk.1, 20pdr Shell SS Mk.1}}The FV4202 has two main rounds available: the Shot Mk. 1 round, and the Shot Mk. 3 APDS round. Both rounds are worth using depending on if you prefer raw penetration or greater post-penetration capability.

* Shot Mk. 1 is available stock, and features up to 232mm of penetration. It's a fine stock shell, with no notable qualities. Like most other British rounds, it is solid shot.
* Shot Mk. 3 is a Tier 2 modification, and features up to 384mm of penetration. Being APDS, it has smaller post-penetration capability, but is highly likely to penetrate targets within your battle rating.

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 45 ''(+5)'' || 39 ''(+11)'' || 34 ''(+16)'' || 29 ''(+21)'' || 9 ''(+41)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Rack 6 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 8 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 6 - 1 - 2 - etc. until 5.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 5 into rack 6. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 7,500 (250) || 500 || -10°/+20° || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The FV4202 is a British medium tank. It has sloped frontal armour, a well rounded and thickly armoured turret and a powerful 84 mm gun with access to APDS ammunition. The first thing that you may notice when you first get the FV4202 is that the stock 20-pdr gun is far more effective than the stock 17-pdr gun, due to the fact that you start with APCBC ammunition, which is far more effective than the 17-pdr's purely AP stock rounds. This makes it far more forgiving than tanks like the Centurion MK1 or the Challenger. When fighting in a low rank game, it can be a game changing tank. It can easily take out Tiger I and Panther tanks at long range whilst remaining resistant to enemy fire. Even Tiger II tanks are vulnerable to the 84 mm gun, though their gun poses a big threat to you, especially at long range. When you get up-tiered, you will face far more challenging enemies. At this battle rating, you can face the Jagdtiger, Leopard I , IS-6, IS-3, IS-4M and the T-54 (and even the Maus if you're playing realistic). These are all highly resistant to your APDS (even from the side in the IS-3/IS-4M case), and have extremely potent armament.

When you get up-tiered the weaknesses of the FV4202 start to show. To start, it has a very poor reverse speed. As a British tanker, you will have experience with similar issues from vehicles with the Cromwell chassis, but the FV4202 has nowhere near the mobility, so it is difficult to quickly escape from a bad situation as it was with Cromwell based tanks. The frontal armour is thin and so is particularly vulnerable to high calibre HE shells (apart from the rather resilient turret roof). Also, although thickly armoured, the turret has some flat parts which are easily penetrated by many tanks of the BR. Finally, there are only four crew in the tanks, three of whom are in the turret. A turret penetration may knock out the entire turret crew and destroy the tank.

====Tactics====


'''Hull down''' - Due to the good gun depression and strong turret armour, the FV4202 performs well in a hull down position, where only the turret is visible to the enemy. Some maps are better for this tactic than others. It involves looking for a good spot overlooking a capture point or a large open space, setting up a good defensive position and then picking off enemies that come into your sights. This way you will be a lot more difficult to destroy as enemies can only get glancing shots on your sloped and rounded turret.

'''Sniping''' - With APDS, the 84 mm is a very precise and accurate gun. Therefore, it is effective at taking out targets at long range. It is extremely satisfying sniping enemy tanks at the other end of the map. This is a good tactic for the FV4202, where you can hang back, retain the effectiveness of your armour and pick off enemy tanks at your leisure. Just ensure to change position every few shots to avoid getting bombed or knocked out by another tank. When you get down tiered, Tigers, Panther, IS-1/2 and T-34s can be leisurely picked off at range while you remain largely immune to their hits.

'''Frontline tank''' - Particularly when down tiered, the FV4202 makes an excellent front line vehicle. Its main gun can counter any threat, particularly Tiger I and Panther Tanks, whilst its heavily sloped armour and strong turret allows it to bounce some hits. This allows you to push capture points and takeout enemy tanks on the move with your stabilizer. Be careful not to over extend. The FV4202 is very vulnerable from the sides. If you over extend you will open up your flanks and become vulnerable. Instead you should get to a comfortable place and then initiate a hull down tactic.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


* Tiger II [[Tiger II (P)|(P)]]/[[Tiger II (H)|(H)]] - With its BR, the FV4202 is more than likely to see a Tiger II in the field. If encountered in the front, aim for the cheeks of the turret, the right side to knock out the gunner and render the Tiger II unable to fire. Use this opportunity to withdraw for a better vantage point for more capable tanks to destroy the Tiger II or for the enemy Tiger to make another mistake and get shot by the FV4202 again. Avoid getting hit by the Tiger II's 88 mm gun. It will be able to penetrate you at long range and a hit will most likely knock you out.
* [[IS-2]] ([[IS-2 (1944)]]) - Another common enemy heavy tank. If it is the regular IS-2, the 20-pounder can easily penetrate the hull armour and the turret cheeks (right side again for the gunner). The mod. 1944 is more complicated due to its improved frontal armour so it is important to be able to target the turret cheeks to knock out its fighting capability. Like the Tiger II, the IS-2 has a very powerful main gun. A direct hit will almost certainly destroy the FV4202 in one hit.
* [[T29]] - American heavy tank capable of outright destroying the FV4202. Frontal glacis and turret armour near impenetrable in the front. Aim for the lower glacis or even a glancing shot on the turret side for a chance to penetrate the armour.
* [[Tortoise]] - This heavily armoured vehicle prevents the FV4202 from penetrating its frontal armour, the only weak point being the commander's location and that is not a good place as the 20-pounder does not have a lot of post-penetration damage. Best case is to simply withdraw and attack it from the sides.
* [[Panther II]] - Its frontal armour can be penetrated by the APDS shot on the 20-pounder. The Panther II comes with the famous [[KwK43 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK43 gun]], so caution is needed. To disable or knock out this vehicle, you can hit the right side of its frontal glacis or hit it in the right side of the turret to make sure it doesn't fire back.
* [[IS-6]] - The IS-6 is one of the most challenging vehicles that you face at this rank. It is fast, very well armoured and has a powerful gun. Despite the fact that it is a premium, it is very common. You will face it often. It can easily bounce the 84 mm APDS from the front and even the sides. If angled properly the IS-6 is very difficult to displace. It is not invincible though. Firing at it from high ground can reduce the effectiveness of its angled armour and HEAT-fs is good for penetrating its armour, so working closely with other tanks is important.
* [[Maus]] - The very sight of a Maus on the battle field can be enough to make some players turn tail and run. It is an extremely menacing opponent to face on the battlefield, and its huge 128 mm gun will have no trouble taking you out of the game. Even the 75 mm coaxial gun can damage your main gun and tracks, if not penetrate the {{PAGENAME}} from the side. Luckily, the Maus is not invincible. With APDS you can penetrate turret cheeks and side armour relatively easily, but sometimes your rounds will simply pass through the massive superstructure without doing very much damage. The internal layout of the Maus is quite complex and is lined with extra 20 mm plates of armour, protecting crew members and modules from internal shrapnel. Destroying the Maus in one shot is extremely difficult, so it is often best to retreat after a successful hit.
* [[Jagdtiger]] - The Jagdtiger is armed with the same devastating 128 mm gun as the Maus, which is absolutely deadly if it hits you. Couple this with formidable frontal armour and you have a very dangerous opponent. Try to flank this opponent or hit the flat superstructure on the left and right of the main gun.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent mobility for the size
* Heavy punching 84 mm 20-pounder "Quickfire" gun can penetrate most enemies seen at its BR
* Very strong sloped frontal armour able to withstand most shells fired at the FV4202
* Resistant to Soviet 85 mm and German [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK36]] cannons at long range
* Has a stabiliser which allows for accurate fire on the move
* Has a low profile compared to other British tanks of the same rank such as the Centurion Mk 3
* Unlockable APDS shell for heavier targets

'''Cons:'''

* Weak side armour
* Overall thin armour yet sloped
* LFP (Lower Frontal Plate) is generally weak and most penetrative hits will take out the driver and ammo rack
* Poor reverse speed
* A part of the soft turret armour is near a flat weak point
* Vulnerable to air attacks from planes with heavier guns as engine roof armour is lacking
* Although a small target, there is an 89 mm weak spot right above the gun: shots penetrating here may knock out the turret crew
* The cupola on top of the turret is a deadly weak spot: one penetration from APHE will take you out
* Is only equipped with solid shot ammunition, with no explosive filler. The APDS lacks post-penetration damage and spalling shrapnel.

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_fv4202 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|oa26g25qqP4|'''Best medium tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:16 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Leyland}}
{{Britain medium tanks}}

AUBL/74 HVG

2022-07-31T06:28:47Z

U78664998: Added ammunition details, cleaned up grammar as well as sentence structure, and adjusted style in writing.

{{About
| about = premium Italian light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the regular version
| link = AUBL/74
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_aubl_74_60_70m
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_AUBL74_HVG.jpg}}
|market=AUBL/74 HVG (Italy)
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ('''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6293-special-operation-h-e-a-t-en|2019 Operation H.E.A.T event]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour Type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet)
* Wheel (tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
|Hull|| 8 mm (74°) ''Upper Glacis'' 8 mm (29-36°) ''Driver viewport glacis'' 8 mm (44°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 8 mm (36-46°) ''Top'' 5 mm (39°) ''Engine vents'' 8 mm (22-30°) ''Bottom'' 8 mm ''Wheelwells'' || 8 mm (11°) ''Upper plate'' 8 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 8 mm (16°) ''Front glacis'' 8 mm (spherical) ''Driver hatch 8 mm ''Centre'' ''8 mm (4°) ''Rear''
|-
|Turret || 15 mm (24°) ''Turret front'' 8 mm (13°) ''Turret Cheeks'' 15 mm (8-50°) ''Gun Mantlet'' || 8 mm (34°) 15 mm (cylindrical) ''Cupola well'' 8 mm (68-72°) ''Turret underside'' || 8 mm (12°) || 8 mm (85°) ''Front'' 8 mm ''Centre & Rear''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 15 mm (cylindrical) || 8 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The tires are 10 mm thick and the suspension rods are 1 mm thick.
* The side engine grilles are only 5 mm thick, so make sure to protect those weak points.
* There is an engine grille on the roof which is also only 5 mm thick. A weak point planes might look to take advantage of.
* A tightly spaced crew of three makes it easily taken out by machine guns and autocannons.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=248|rbMinHp=142}}

The AUBL/74's mobility is great. It can reach up to 100 km/h, with an average speed off-road of 46-56 km/h. It retains nice control over manoeuvrability even at high speeds. However, mobility really suffers on snow or mud and severely hampers your speed. The {{PAGENAME}} also has amphibious capabilities, although speed in the water is limited to around 4 km/h.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OTO HVG (60 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OTO HVG (60 mm)|60 mm OTO HVG]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+27° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 28.56 || 39.53 || 48.00 || 53.08 || 56.47 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.85 || 21.00 || 25.50 || 28.20 || 30.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M300 || APFSDS || 249 || 246 || 240 || 231 || 222 || 213
|-
| OTO HE || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11
|-
|}
'''M300:''' This will be your default ammunition option, and realistically the only ammunition worth using. This round has decent penetration and is effective against angled armour, but it may face difficulty penetrating heavily armoured targets. Due to its small post-penetration damage, it is necessary to aim for important crew and modules.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M300 || APFSDS || 1,620 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| OTO HE || HE || 1,000 || 3.07 || 0 || 0.1 || 765 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_AUBL-74_HVG.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || 14 ''(+24)'' || 10 ''(+28)'' || 1 ''(+37)'' || No
|-
|}

* Racks 2 & 3 are first-stage ammo racks


=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Beretta MG42/59]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 800 (200) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,500 (200) || 600 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


For the AUBL/74, it is recommended you play in ground realistic battles. This vehicle should be played as either a Scout, Flanker or a Sniper. Use your mobility to relocate from one sniper position to another. Never brawl unless you have to. Due to the highly mobile platform (FIAT 6616), your mobility is one of the best in its class. Use your mobility to get to a good attack position early in the game to launch a surprise attack from the side. Use the terrain and obstruction to hide from enemy. Use the "free-look" button ("C" by default) to look around frequently to learn the situation around you. Make sure nobody is looking at your way before you poke out and fire. As a light tank, you also have the ability to scout enemy players; allowing you to gather intel on the positions of the enemy team, as well as earn points for each vehicle destroyed via your intel alongside assist credit. It's important to note that the AUBL/74 trades armour for mobility and you don't have any armour on this vehicle. With only 8 mm of armour on the front of the hull, the armour on this vehicle won't even stop high-calibre machine gun fire at mid-range. Don't even think about surviving a hit, it's impossible unless it's a sub-calibre APDS or APFSDS round in which case it may pass straight through the vehicle without inflicting any damage. You'll also be at the mercy of artillery, and due to pressure damage you will die very quickly to artillery. Another issue you'll encounter is enemy aircraft, most of their suspended armament and even at times their main cannons or heavy machine guns will take you out with ease. Again, try to keep moving positions or utilize cover, where enemy aircraft have no way of damaging your vehicle. The main armament on this vehicle is a 60 mm HVG cannon made by OTO Melara. It can fire two types of rounds, APFSDS and HE. The HE shell is useless due to the small explosive mass. The only shell you will use is M300 APFSDS shell. It will penetrate 249 mm of armour at close range, fairly decent as a light tank but not enough to penetrate the front of some heavy tanks. Due to the small diameter, the post-penetration damage it inflicts is limited. Try to launch attacks from the side or rear of the target, and aim for important modules first like the gunner or cannon breech. You might not get a one shot kill but you will divert the opponents' attention away from your teammates. The cannon is two-plane stabilized which gives you an advantage to shoot first as a light tank.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High engine HP/weight ratio and amazing top speed
* Perfect mobility on roads and urban environments
* Decent speed on plain fields, enough to keep up with light tanks
* Easy to control even at high speeds
* A rather small size vehicle, difficult to target and easy to hide
* Smoke grenade launchers located on the turret, a player can choose which side of the tank to cover
* Has an anti-aircraft light machine gun
* Decent armament for a light tank: acceptable rate of fire and penetration plus near-perfect accuracy using APFSDS
* APFSDS rounds have excellent angled penetration, very useful against targets such as the Strv 103s
* Two-plane stabilizer allows accurate fire on the move
* Has premium status, granting increased RP & SL
* Can navigate water features
* Outfitted with night vision devices

'''Cons:'''

* Stabilizer only works up to 75 km/h
* Horrible mobility in shallow water and snow results in heavy dependence on roads
* The main gun, while accurate, has a low calibre of 60 mm, more than one shot is often required to take out an enemy tank
* Small crew of three
* Next to no armour, vulnerable even to light machine gunfire
* Easily taken out by SPAA and other light tanks
* Driver's view ports greatly limit the gun depression on front-right of the tank
* All six smoke grenades are launched at once
* While swimming, it can only go around 4-5 km/h
* Does not have thermal vision capabilities

== History ==

The story of the AUBL HVG begins during the Cold War. The AUBL, also known as the Fiat 6616, was a joint venture between Fiat and OTO Melara. After the Second World War, Italy learned the need for light armoured and armed vehicles. After having built the Fiat 6614, OTO Melara experimented by seeing how adding a cannon would do for the vehicle, with also the main focus being for the Fiat 6616 to carry heavier armament for the armoured platoons of the mobile battalions. After several alterations the first prototype was built in 1972, and with many minor improvements, Italy would decide to buy 50 for the Carabinieri (Military Police). It officially entered service in 1975 with a total of 185 units produced. The Fiat 6616 was a great light vehicle that would be able to reach high speeds of 100 km/h if on the right terrain. After Italy had bought theirs, it was decided that the next course of action was to put it on the market, and countries such as Peru and Somalia showed interest and acquired the vehicle. Those countries actually used it in combat, specifically the Somalians. One of the many upsides of the Fiat 6616 was the ability of it being able to travel submerged underwater, increasing its versatility. It was able to fit many different types of armaments, such as a 20 mm Rheinmetall Mk.20 Rh 202 gun, a 60 mm OTO-Breda T60 quick firing HVG, French made HS90, FV101 turret, and also a 90 mm Cockerill Mk.3 cannon. Other equipment that could also be installed came in the form of a unique flare dispenser which would be used for crowd dispersal; many different types of ATGMs such as Milan, MAPAT and TOW, and for export purposes, the Peruvian version would mount an HJ-73C Chinese made ATGM. After having a very extensive service record (Libya safekeeping, Lebanon UN safekeeping, protecting places of high interest in Italy) it was put out of service, now only some remain as static displays or are in storage inside Italy; however as previously mentioned some of the countries that acquired them still use them to this day. The AUBL/74 HVG was first seen in 1989, in the form of 1 singular prototype known. The AUBL/74 HVG would not be picked up by the Italian army nor anyone from the export market, although it could fire OTO-HE and MECAR APFSDS-T (which could penetrate up to 130 mm at 60 degrees from 1,500m), which allowed it to be a great reconnaissance vehicle for the time, the project didn't continue and OTO Melara continued to experiment on the vehicle by adding more and more diverse armaments in the hopes more nations would acquire it.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=it_aubl_74_60_70m Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|RGeu2yLGeTU|'''Best armored cars''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:47 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|EwnzjGUln0I|'''Should You Buy The {{PAGENAME}}?''' - ''Sako Sniper''|fI-xYSR4hVM|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles in the same family

* [[FIAT 6614]]
* [[AUBL/74]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[AMX-10RC]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

F-84G-21-RE (Italy)

2022-07-31T05:55:31Z

U78664998: Minor grammatical changes.

{{About
| about = Italian strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-84 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-84g_italy
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]].

Republic Aircraft Company's jump into the jet fighter market was not as smooth as they would have liked. They experienced severe growing pains as they developed and produced the F-84 series aircraft, especially the B, C, D and E variants. Important upgrades and modifications included a more powerful turbine engine, strengthened wings, aerodynamically secure wing-tip fuel tanks and a strengthened structure. The resultant of these upgrades was the much improved F-84G fighter, which boasted new innovations such as improved avionics, radar, the capability of in-flight refuelling and ability to carry a Mark 7 nuclear bomb. Though the operationally longest lasting of the series with the United States (into the mid-1960s), several other nations continued to use it including France and Taiwan (Republic of China), however, Greece continued flying their fighters until 1991.<ref name="Burrows" />

Even with the changes from earlier models, even in-game pilots will notice the quirkiness of the F-84G. Noted for its nickname "Lead Sled", the F-84G, like the B version in-game has an extremely long takeoff roll, around 1,500 m, typically due to the heavier payloads afforded to this aircraft. Though, once at altitude and during attack runs, the F-84G is an incredibly stable platform and can be outfitted with a number of various suspended armaments along with its six 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns. Each gun only has 300 rounds of ammunition, therefore trigger control is necessary or else the pilot will be left with empty guns in short order. Considered a multi-role aircraft, the F-84G can be utilised as a fighter-interceptor, bomber interceptor and ground attack fighter. The F-84G can be laden with a variety of bombs ranging from 100 lbs all the way up to two 1,000 lb bombs. [[HVAR]] and [[Tiny Tim]] rockets are a viable option alone or mixed with bombs to expand the options of targets to be attacked depending on the map the pilot is flying in.

Like many jet fighters, flying slowly makes for an easy target and this is no exception for the F-84G. Speed is necessary to ensure manoeuvrability both to engage a target and to shake a tail. Though not the fastest fighter at this rank, the F-84G can hold its own and when pressed, the six centre lined M3 Browning machine guns can punch enough holes in an enemy fighter to bring it down. Don't expect this fighter when laden down with two 1,000 lbs bombs or two Tiny Tim and 24 HVAR rockets to excel in a dog-fight as it won't with all that weight, however, after all that ordnance is released the F-84B can then mix it up, though it is preferable to maintain speed while performing Boom & Zoom manoeuvres.

While dealing with mixed reviews over its positive and negative aspects, the F-84 series aircraft paved the way for a later aircraft which magnified all of the positive qualities of the F-84, being a stable firing platform, loaded to the gills with assorted suspended armaments and a main gun which rained destruction on the enemy, this aircraft would later be known as the Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The F-84G is a streamline all-metal jet fighter which was designed to house the upgraded Allison J35-A-29 turbine jet engine. Though an upgraded engine compared to the F-84B, typically this fighter was laden with more ordnance thus still requiring a significant roll-out time of 1,500 m (~5,000 ft) before lift-off. Don't be dismayed as other fighters are taking to the sky while you are still building up speed as once in the air you can climb to bomber altitude or set up for a ground attack run that few others can rival.

Though the take-off and climb characteristics of the Allison jet engine appeared lacklustre, it actually had decent level flight speed and good dive characteristics. Speed is what saves this fighter, in once it has enough built up, it will perform. Though not the fastest at its battle rating, the F-84G is a great boom & zoom aircraft vs. being a dog-fighter. Turning this aircraft will bleed its speed and the roll rate can be affected by the weight of the wing-tip fuel tanks. One negative aspect of the wing-tip fuel tanks of the early F-84s was that high speeds (>1,000 km/h) tended to cause the fuel tanks to twist resulting (mitigated by the addition of fins on the tanks) in the destruction of the wings which does reflect in realistic and simulator battles in-game if exceeded. While turning in this jet is not advised, Immelmann and Split-S manoeuvres will help to conserve energy without compromising the speed of the aircraft.

If ever in danger of risking going faster than maximum rip speed, it is important to throttle back and extend air-brakes to reduce speed enough to keep the aircraft intact and manoeuvre in for the kill.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 976 || 971 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.0 || 30.4 || 30.8 || 29.3 || rowspan="2" | 3,000
|-
! Upgraded
| 993 || 985 || 27.2 || 28.0 || 42.1 || 36.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 527 || 499 || 350 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 530 || < 600 || < 690 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Allison J35-A-29 || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,450 kg || colspan="2" | 276 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel
|-
| 1,050 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 5,868 kg || 6,447 kg || 6,685 kg || 9,979 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,300 kgf || N/A
| 0.39 || 0.36 || 0.34 || 0.23
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,300 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.39 || 0.36 || 0.34 || 0.23
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 6.35 mm Steel plate in front of pilot.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate in pilot's headrest.
* 8 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.

Like many early jet fighters, the armour was placed around the pilot while not much thought was given to the other critical components of the aircraft mostly due to the weight imposed on the early and weak turbojet engines placed into service. From behind, the pilot is protected by an 8 mm steel plate behind the seat with a 12.7 mm steel plate as a headrest. In front of the pilot, a 38 mm bulletproof windscreen adds protection from head-on's or from defensive bomber weapons. Another 6.35 mm steel plate is placed in front of the pilot and instrument panel for further protection of bullets entering the open-ended air-intake.

Other critical components such as the jet turbine, fuel tanks and coolers are all exposed, only protected by the outer skin of the aircraft which may deflect incoming bullets if at sufficient distance or angle to do so.

When attacking an F-84G, aim for the centre of the aircraft where you have a good chance of getting a critical hit on the engine or in a fuel tank. Due to this aircraft having wing-tip fuel tanks, shots to the wings or wing-tip tanks have a potential of starting a fire or breaking a wing off. If the attacking aircraft has sufficient calibre ammunition then shots taken at the pilot may have a larger chance of success if made from the sides or behind. This aircraft does not have much protection against rockets or missiles, however, given sufficient notice, rockets can be avoided and it is possible that missiles can be outmanoeuvred, however, when playing in realistic or simulator you run the risk of the pilot blacking-out due to G-force manoeuvres or wings snapping while trying to outfly a missile.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M3 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 1,200 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

Early fighters had many different configurations of machine guns and cannons mounted in the fuselage and in the wings, sometimes needing to be synced with the propeller to prevent its destruction. With the jet age developing, many factors of the past needed to be reconsidered with gun placement. With jet fighters flying faster and chasing faster targets, trying to find the sweet spot with gun convergence was extremely difficult, jet fighter pilots needed a little extra help with this. Besides implementing newer gun sights and early radar, jet fighter guns tended to be fuselage-mounted, thus eliminating the need to set the convergence and at any point between 0 m and 800 m the ammunition rounds would fly true without a convergence point.

For the F-84G, four of the 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns were mounted in the fuselage with the other two mounted in the wing roots. While they were not all centre mounted, the two in the wing roots were close enough that convergence did not need to be messed with. Two ammunition options provide the most bang-for-the-buck, firstly, the omni-purpose rounds are good all-around ammunition rounds which provide tracers and explosive/incendiary rounds which are effective against aircraft and up to light armoured vehicles. Hardened vehicles and bunkers should be left to bombs and rockets for their destruction. If as a pilot you are looking for the sneak attack, stealth rounds will allow you to get on target fire off rounds and not give away your position, giving you a few seconds to make a second attack if needed before the target realizes where you are coming from.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

[[File:F-84G_IT_News_01.jpg|425px|thumb|right|]]
{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}
{{main|HVAR|Tiny Tim}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (200 lb total)
* 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 24 x HVAR rockets
* 32 x HVAR rockets
* 24 x HVAR rockets + 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (200 lb total)
* 24 x HVAR rockets + 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (500 lb total)
* 24 x HVAR rockets + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 24 x HVAR rockets + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 24 x HVAR rockets + 2 x Tiny Tim rockets

The F-84G offers many different suspended armament options ranging from bombs and rockets depending on the target needing to be destroyed. Due to the more effective engine utilised in the F-84G, it could sport a larger number of suspended armaments compared to its older brother the [[F-84B-26|F-84B]], turning into a truly ground attack workhorse. In comparison, a fully-loaded single-seat {{PAGENAME}} had approximately the same loadout capability as an early 7 crew [[B-25J-1|B-25J]] bomber. The smaller bombs such as the AN-M30A1, AN-M57 and HVAR rockets are useful against soft targets like anti-aircraft batteries, unarmoured vehicles, ships and some light tanks. The heavier hitters like the AN-M61A1, AN-M65A1 and Tiny Tim rockets are effective (more like overkill) for the softer targets, but also work well with bunkers, heavier armoured tanks, larger ships and can also be utilised against bases.

Sometimes the suspended weapons you start out with doesn't work well later on in the match, therefore you can return to your base and exit the aircraft (default key = 'j') and select a different load-out unless you would like to fly strictly as a fighter where you can select "without load" and rely just on the six Browning M3 machine guns. The wide variety of ordnance options available for this aircraft make it an excellent clean-up ground attacker which can attack just about anything on the map with the right setup.

== Usage in battles ==

The F-84G is a versatile multi-role fighter and can be configured to be used in various types of aerial warfare, namely bomber interceptor, ground attack and fighter-interceptor.

;Bomber Interceptor

Thanks to an upgraded engine compared to the F-84B, the G model has a bit more climbing power and does not need to rely solely on side climbing to reach the necessary altitude to begin hunting bombers or diving onto hapless fighters. As a bomber interceptor, the pilot has two options for weapon load-outs besides the default guns, noting the HVAR and Tiny Tim rockets.

If the F-84G is still stock or in the process of upgrading modules, the best bet will be to not load any suspended armaments and rely on the six 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns to do the work. Just using the machine guns will help save on weight and make it a bit easier to climb on the unmodified engine. For those pilots who have modified engines, they can opt for guns only for a quicker climb or attach HVAR rockets for an additional punch against larger bombers.

Once at altitude, scan and select a bomber target of opportunity. It is best to attain higher altitude than the bomber, giving you options as to which direction to attack from and increase your speed when diving in, speed is key to avoid defensive guns, race out of their range and to gain enough distance to safely turn around and follow up with another attack if needed.

Since the six M3 machine guns are virtually centred on the aircraft, the inbound bullets will be clustered and should be aimed at engines, cockpit, fuel tanks and any other critical areas as the body of the aircraft can sometimes absorb a large amount of smaller calibre ammunition before causing a critical hit or crippling the aircraft. The limitation of only 300 rounds per gun will require trigger discipline by the pilot to ensure enough rounds are available for a secondary or tertiary attack without having to reload or return to base.

Utilizing HVAR rockets at large lumbering bombers can have a great impact, though unguided, they will need to be pointed in the general direction when launched, it may take several practice runs to determine best angle and distance in which to fire from for a successful attack. As with any unguided rocket, the best bet is to launch a volley of rockets to ensure a greater chance of at least one hitting.

;Ground Attack

Jet fighters tend to not make good ground attackers as it typically requires them to fly low and slow making them easy pickings for enemy fighters above or anti-aircraft fire below. Since the F-84G is neither an exceptionally fast fighter nor a lumbering bomber, it has an advantage of being fast enough to be dangerous to ground targets without being a sitting duck for patrolling enemy fighters. Compared to many other fighters which are capable of ground attack, the F-84G can carry a fantastic amount of ground attack ordnance which can seriously put a dent into the enemy teams vehicles, bunkers and bases.

While many aircraft available in War Thunder has a specific role of fighter-interceptor, ground attack or bomber, the F-84G can set itself up with suspended ordnance depending on the targets available on the map. The F-84G has several options depending on the modules unlocked by the pilot which range from outfitting HVAR unguided rockets, massive Tiny Tim unguided rockets, 100 lb, 250 lb, 500 lb and 1,000 lb bombs or a mixture of bombs and rockets.

Smaller bombs and the HVAR rockets are best for going after lighter armoured targets such as aircraft (on the ground or with rockets in the air), anti-aircraft batteries, trucks, some light tanks and ships. The larger Tiny Tim rockets and bombs are best reserved for more hardened targets like pillboxes, medium and large tanks, bunkers, large ships and bases. This fighter is not afraid to get down and dirty taking out ground targets, just be aware of your surroundings and watch for enemy fighters or anti-aircraft guns poised to take you out.

;Fighter Interceptor

While definitely not the fastest nor the most manoeuvrable fighter on the field, the F-84G has enough speed and manoeuvrability to take on fighter jets. The six centreline M3 machine guns concentrate enough lead into one spot to damage or destroy fighter aircraft flying in its path. While turning this fighter is bad due to bleeding airspeed (although maybe an option if you are trying to force an overshoot), Immelmann and Split-S manoeuvres will help you change directions keeping up your speed and allowing for a getaway or a targeting solution.

Boom & Zoom tactics will enable the F-84G to have the speed to manoeuvre and set up their shots and keep them active in the fight. Many enemy fighters may mistake the F-84G as a weak and slow aircraft, however, the machine is not 100% of the solution and many pilots can take lesser aircraft and best faster, more agile and better-gunned aircraft by using their training, skills and the F-84B. The only time to count out the F-84G is when you see the pilot bail out, otherwise, always consider it a threat.

===Radars===

The F-84G is equipped with an AN/APG-30 rangefinding radar, located in the nose of the aircraft.
It will automatically detect other planes within the scanning area and display the range to the closest target. It is linked with a gyro gunsight and can help with aiming at close range.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AN/APG-30 - Rangefinding radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 2,750 m || 300 m || ±9° || ±9°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very high top speed for an early jet
* Air spawn, good for rushing
* Can carry large amounts of payloads
* Wide variety of secondary armament (bombs, rockets)
* 6 x 12.7 mm M3 machine guns
* Very good acceleration for an early jet, even stock
* The best climber from 7.0 - 8.0

'''Cons:'''

* Not good at turning
* May rip if pulled hard enough
* Roll rate is average without "New Boosters" modification
* Engines overheating

== History ==


In early 1944, Alexander Kartveli, the chief designer for the Republic Aviation Aircraft Company set out to work on a replacement for the piston-powered P-47 Thunderbolt which instead would be powered by a turbojet.<ref name="Burrows" /> All attempts at trying to use the P-47 frame to accommodate a turbojet failed and Kartveli resorted to designing a brand new aircraft around an axial compressor turbojet engine. Due to the nature of the engine taking up a large majority of the fuselage, fuel tanks were designed to be in the wings of the aircraft, however, the body was streamlined to make the smallest profile possible and retain all necessary critical components.

The USAAF in September 1944 released new requirements for a daytime fighter along with specific characteristics such as the top speed of 600 mph (966 km/h), armament of six 21.7mm machine guns or four 15.2 mm machine guns along with housing a General Electric TG-180 axial turbojet also known as the Allison J35 series turbojet engine.<ref name="Burrows" /> Republic proposed their new aircraft and on paper proposed it would be superior to Lockheed's P-80 Shooting Star. The USAAF noting Republic's already proven experience with single-seat fighters proposed a contract without holding any competition. These initial order fighters were listed as YP-84As and P-84Bs.

These early test aircraft were put to wind tunnel testing and it was found that major flaws developed when subjected to high speeds, notably longitudinal instability in the aircraft's frame and stabilizer skin buckling at high speeds. Also noted was issues with the weight of the aircraft and the problem with early turbojets not producing enough thrust for takeoff and climb outs (a problem which plagued the F-84B aircraft until more robust engines were outfitted). Early J35-GE-7 engines were replaced with J35-A-15 versions which helped with the thrust ratio, however wing-tip fuel tanks were added to the mix prior to proper testing and issues developed which at one point grounded the fleet of aircraft until modifications were made.

In 1947, the USAF changed the pursuit designation of the aircraft to fighter and thus the P-84 became the F-84. The YP-84A and the F-84B only differed when it came to the type of M3 machine guns they carried, as the F-84B had faster-firing machine guns than the YP-84A. Early successes of the F-84B were overshadowed by problem after problem including a speed restriction limiting flight to no more than Mach 0.8 as any faster and the aircraft experienced control reversal where the pilot would input normal commands with the control stick and the opposite manoeuvre would occur (for instance if the pilot pulled back on the control stick to make the aircraft climb, the aircraft would actually begin to dive and vice versa). Even with the speed restrictions, the entire fleet of F-84B fighters was grounded by 1948 due to parts shortages and structural failures.<ref name="Burrows" /> It was also at this time that the F-84C aircraft were also determined to be incapable of performing any of their mission parameters, however since the F-84D was already under production (with all of the B and C variants issues being resolved), the program continued. Funding was allocated to upgrade the B and C variants, however, both were finally withdrawn from active duty service by the end of 1952.

Testing of the F-84D determined that the wings needed to be covered with a thicker aluminium skin to strengthen them which was helpful because the engine was upgraded to the more powerful J35-A-17D. Here it was found that during high-G manoeuvres, the wingtip fuel tanks led to the structural failure of the wings due to twisting motions. A simple fix of adding a small triangular fin to the external portion of the fuel tank alleviated that problem. Despite the fixes introduced with the D variant, it too was withdrawn from active duty in 1952.
The F-84E variant fighter saw modifications specifically with strengthened wings and a larger cockpit which was necessary to equip advanced avionics to include an A-1C gunsight which worked with an APG-30 radar.<ref name="Burrows" /> Folding rocket racks were also developed so that once the HVAR rockets were fired; the racks would fold flush with the wing increasing the aircraft's overall aerodynamics. Unfortunately even with all of the modifications, failure of the aircraft hinged upon the Allison J35-A-17 engines which were only designed to be flown for 25 hours a month and would receive a complete overhaul after 100 hours of flight. Due to the number of sorties flown in the Korean War, engine overhauls were taking place more frequently and quickly exhausted all of the spare parts and new engines produced.

The final variant of F-84 introduced was the G variant which began service in 1951. Utilised for the next nine years, the F-84G had new innovations which became standard on future aircraft to include, a refuelling boom mounted on the left-wing for in-flight refuelling, instrument landing system to allow for landing during inclement weather, a J35-A-29 engine, an autopilot system and the first fighter with the ability to carry a single Mark 7 nuclear bomb. The F-84G was retired from US service in 1960, however, countries such as Portugal continued to use this fighter through 1974 and were flown out of Angola.

At least 13 other countries bought into the F-84 program, including Italy. Italy received, starting from May 1952, as many as 254 "Thunderjets", which soon became the symbol for the Italian Air Force after the successful adhesion of the country into NATO. The entry into line of the F-84Gs coincides with a crucial phase of the reconstruction of the Air Force which, in the face of the new operational needs arising from the NATO commitments, was committed not only to acquire new aircraft, but also to adapt the education and training sector, tactics and employment procedures, as well as to transform, often radically, infrastructure. It was also the first aircraft of the Italian Air Force capable of carrying a tactical nuclear device, which at the time really gave Italy a strategic advantage that many countries could never have. The F-84G was mainly used as a conventional and strike fighter-bomber. The first department of the Italian airforce to use the F-84 were the 5th Wing, stationed at the base of Villafranca (Verona), the 51st Wing of Aviano (Pordenone), and the 6th Wing of Ghedi (Brescia). Within a short time, the 5th and 51st Stormo, which in the meantime had become the 51st Aerobrigata, moved to new offices in Rimini and Istrana (TV). The "Thunderjet" was therefore also attached to the Aerial Photography Section of the 3rd Wing which, for reconnaissance tasks, used some F-84Gs equipped with cameras, housed in the left wing tank. With four F-84Gs each, two acrobatic patrols were also formed named the "''Getti Tonanti''" of the 5th Wing (1953) and the "White Tigers" of the 51st Wing (1956). They'd never see active combat, and as the Cold War progressed, the Italian F-84s would be replaced by the Republic F-84F "Thunderstreak" and, in the role of reconnaissance, by the Republic RF-84F "Thunderflash". The F-84Gs were phased out starting in 1956 and subsequently scrapped. There is currently only a few original existing airframes in the form of static displays.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:F-84G_IT_News_02.jpg
File:F-84G_IT_News_03.jpg
File:F-84G_IT_News_05.jpg
File:F-84G_IT_News_06.jpg
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|qV4K1XPLWtk|'''War Thunder Realistic: F-84G-21-RE [Italian Thunder]''' - Jengar|H-nKR8P_j5c|'''War Thunder SIM - Italian F.84G - (Oberst)''' - Cpt Toastman}}

== See also ==


;Other versions of the F-84

* [[F-84B-26|F-84B-26 ''Thunderjet'']]
* [[F-84G-21-RE|F-84G-21-RE]]
* [[F-84G-21-RE (Italy)]]
* [[F-84G-26-RE (France)]]

;Contemporary aircraft

* de Havilland [[Venom_FB.4|Venom]]
* Gloster [[Meteor (Family)|Meteor]]
* Dassault [[M.D.450B_Ouragan|M.D.450B Ouragan]]
* Grumman [[F9F-2|F9F]] Panther (USAF)
* Grumman [[F9F-8|F9F]] Cougar (US Navy)

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4831-vehicle-profile-f-84g-thunderjet-blazing-rocketeer-en|[Vehicle Profile] F-84G Thunderjet: Blazing Rocketeer]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/364979-republic-f-84g-thunderjet/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references>
<ref name="Burrows">Burrows, W. E. (2013, August). It had the body of a fighter and a bomber's soul. Retrieved from https://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/thunderjet-307269/</ref>
</references>

{{AirManufacturer Republic}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

M3 Stuart

2022-07-31T05:45:07Z

U78664998: Minor grammatical adjustments for readability.

{{About
| about = American light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|other
|usage-1 = other versions
|link-1 = M3 Stuart (Family)
|usage-2 = other uses
|link-2 = M3 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m3_stuart
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. With a better engine and transmission system than the [[M2A4|M2 light tanks]], the M3 ''Stuart'' is more able to manoeuvre the battlefield as a dependable light tank.

== General info ==
[[File:M3 Stuart Screenshot 3.jpg|thumb|M3 Stuart driving in the Snow ([[Frozen Pass (Ground Forces)|Frozen Pass]])]]
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


Being a light tank the M3 Stuart has fairly thin armour, it can generally protect against most machine guns but will usually not stand up against the main weapons of most enemy tanks at its battle rating. The inside of the tank is fairly cramped with the two turret members standing, this means that the likelihood of a crew member being hit is fairly high.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (lower frontal plate)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38.1 mm (18°) ''Driver Port'' 15.8 mm (69°) ''Front Glacis'' || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 38.1 mm || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm || 12.7 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and bogies are 15 mm thick, tracks are 10 mm thick.

[[File:M3 Stuart turning updated.gif|thumb|426x426px|M3 Stuart Turning Demo at Slow and Fast speeds]]

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 406|rbMinHp= 232}}

The M3 Stuart can reach a speed of 49 km/h off-road and up to 50 km/h on road. It can feel sluggish while turning at a lower speed as it lacks neutral steer, but when moving forward the turning is much smoother and quicker. The vehicle reverses at up to 5 km/h which while somewhat slow, is still usable in most situations on the battlefield.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M5 (37 mm)}}

The main gun of the M3 Stuart is a 37 mm M5 cannon; this gun is also featured on the [[M2A4]] and [[M3 Lee]]. On the M3 Stuart the M5 can use 2 round types, either M74 (AP) or M51 (APCBC) with the latter being a Tier 1 modification.

The overall firepower is decent. The main cannon has an adequate penetration of about 60 mm which is more than enough to go through most tanks below 2.0, for example, T-26, Pz.III and Pz.35(t). Although the available ammunition is all solid shells, they still make quite a bit of shrapnel when penetrating which is enough to one-shot compact tanks like T-26 and Pz.35(t). For larger tanks like the LVT(A), accurate shots pinpointing the crew are required which may be difficult for new players. The cannon has enough accuracy to precisely knock out the enemy's crew within 500 m. If one shot misses, the reload time of around 3.5 seconds allows quick following shots.

There is a nice stabiliser for the cannon which is a big advantage when exchanging fire, as it allows you to move out of cover and fire (usually before the enemy) without having to wait for your tank to stop wobbling. The stabiliser should be utilised to maximise your chance of surviving and killing. Note that it only works below 10 km/h, so remember to slow down or it will not stabilise the gun.

Targets like the 15cm sIG 33 B Sfl or M3 GMC (mixed battle) can be quite hard to destroy, as their armour is thin enough to create little shrapnel, but are also thick enough to stop MG bullets. Against them, you can only rely on you fire rate, accuracy and of course your knowledge of their crew position to knock out their crew one by one. Always go for the gunners or drivers first, if you failed then they can always fight back and one-shot you.

The main cannon is only effective in close-quarter combat (usually within 200 m) or against weakly armoured targets since the penetration drops drastically as the range increases; in addition the small calibre makes the shells easy to ricochet. When encountering fairly well armoured tanks like the M13/40 or H.35, try and break their gun barrels first or track them. If they are too far away, pin them on the map and call teammates to help.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M5 (37 mm)|37 mm M5]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 103 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 24 km/h}} || 19.04 || 26.35 || 32.00 || 35.00 || 37.65 || rowspan="2" | 3.77 || rowspan="2" | 3.33 || rowspan="2" | 3.07 || rowspan="2" | 2.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.90 || 14.00 || 17.00 || 18.80 || 20.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M74 shot || AP || 67 || 65 || 56 || 46 || 38 || 32
|-
| M51 shot || APCBC || 75 || 72 || 62 || 51 || 43 || 35
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M74 shot || AP || 792 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M51 shot || APCBC || 792 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''103''' || 69 ''(+34)'' || 35 ''(+68)'' || 1 ''(+102)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}


Alongside the main gun, the M3 has four additional [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]] machine guns. The first machine gun noted is in a coaxial mount aligned with the gun, the second is mounted on the turret top in a pintle mount and the last two are mounted on the hull sides in a fixed firing position. The M3 does also have a hull front machine gun, however, this machine gun cannot be fired.

The machine gun is only powerful enough to destroy poorly protected vehicles such as AS 42, Flakpanzer I and GAZ-AAAs. The penetration of around 10 mm is not enough to go through the frontal armour of those not-so-weakly-armoured tanks like SU-5-1, Panzerjäger I or 15cm sIG 33 B Sfl. If you are skilled the two machine guns can effectively damage low-flying biplanes.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
| Coaxial || 2,250 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Hull || 2,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Hull || 2,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

When driving the M3 Stuart it is best to maintain some distance from enemy vehicles, this is advisable due to the somewhat thin armour and closely packed crew that you have to work with. If you are on a smaller map where keeping distance from enemy vehicles is not possible then it would be a good idea to use buildings and landscape features for cover and to keep your vehicle concealed.

In the majority of cases, you will be able to go through the frontal armour of enemy tanks (best pen is 75 mm) although some vehicles with heavily angled front armour may be able to stop your round being effective, a consistently effective tactic is to flank an enemy vehicle and fire into the side of the crew compartment, aiming near the turret to disable their ability to fire is a good way to use your first shot. Thanks to the quick (at best 2.9s) reload of the M3 you can then put second and third shots into the enemy if needed to finish off their crew.

Another aspect worth mentioning here is the mobility of the M3. While not the fastest vehicle at its BR it certainly still has competitive mobility that will allow it to reach capture points quickly or get to a good camping or flanking position before most enemy or friendly vehicles.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

Specific enemy vehicles that bear mentioning are firstly any Germans with the [[KwK38 (20 mm)|20 mm KwK/FlaK38]] cannon. This gun might be small, but it can have up to 64 mm of pen which is enough to go through the M3 almost anywhere. These guns can also fire 10 rounds at 280 rounds/min before having to reload the clip, meaning that they will very easily take out your crew before you have a chance to respond. To counter, the best chance you have is to angle your frontal armour which can make it difficult for the PzGr 40 rounds to penetrate. The Russian [[T-50]] and [[T-126]] are vehicles you will also see commonly, these have fairly thick and angled frontal armour that will prevent you from easily getting through. These tanks can also carry an APHEBC round that will destroy you in one shot with little difficulty, to counter you should use your speed to attempt to get a side shot into either the turret or engine. If the T-50 cannot move you can outrun its turret and finish it without much difficulty.

It is likely that the M3 will encounter some rough heavies, like the [[Matilda III]] and the [[B1 bis]]. The best tactic against these types of targets is to use the M3's fast speed, get within 200 m from them and attack, with shooting at point-blank range being the most effective way. Before conducting an attack, check the M3's and the enemy's surroundings to make sure no one will ambush the M3. While charging, use the M3's quick turns to suddenly change direction to avoid being shot if they are aiming and firing at the M3. Once the tank is at the ideal distance, manoeuvre so that the gun is perpendicular to their armour. Do not shoot if the enemy is angling! The small calibre 37 mm gun is very likely to bounce off or not penetrate against sloped armour.

For the Matilda III, shoot at the middle of the near-vertical frontal plate to knock out the driver first, since the 37 mm shell is not enough to knock out the gunner after penetrating. Once it is immobile, go to its side and finish it by shooting its hull sides. Or, shoot the right side of the gun mantlet to disable its gunner. For the best chance of penetration, do not shoot its turret side.

For the B1, either aim for the near-vertical frontal armour plate at the right side of the hull, or the turret ring to incapacitate the commander/gunner, or simply move to its side and knock out the crews one by one by hitting its flat side armour.

[[File:M3 Stuart Screenshot 2.jpg|thumb|An M3 Stuart attacking a [[BT-7]]]]

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great cannon with good penetration, excellent rate of fire and gun depression; it can effectively penetrate common opponents like the [[Pz.II (Disambiguation)|Pz.II]] and [[Chi-Ha (Family)|Chi-Ha]], as well as heavy targets like the [[B1 bis]] or [[Matilda III]]
* Excellent acceleration, top speed and turning ability on all terrains; easily outruns slower opponents like the [[Pz.III (Disambiguation)|Pz.III]]
* Access to a vertical stabiliser which most tanks don't have, it is an advantage in close-quarter encounters
* Respectable frontal armour that, if angled, might bounce some shells from a distance (eg. Japanese 37 mm/German 20 mm)
* Small turret profile makes it harder to get hit when hull-down
* Empty space below the turret crew can absorb poorly aimed shots, they tend to not do much damage

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour against high-penetration shells like 50 mm Kwk 39 or 76 mm F-34
* Its shells do not have explosive filler, severely limiting the post-penetration effect especially against spacious tanks like the [[LVT(A)(1)]]
* Inefficient brakes when trying to stop the tank at full speed
* Hull is fairly tall for a light tank and the crews are closely packed, reducing its survivability

== History ==

===Development===
The American light tank design prior to World War II, the [[M2A4|M2 light tank]], was seen as obsolete after observing Germany's Panzer forces tear through Europe. The design was to be upgraded with more armour, a better suspension, and a new gun recoil system. The revised version was designated the '''Light Tank M3''', which the British named the Stuart. At its basis, the light tank had a 37 mm cannon with a similar layout as the M2 light tank, with the radial engine at the rear and the transmission on the front, though the radial engine was in high demand so the Guiberson diesel T-1210 were fitted in some models to substitute the engine. The design used the VVSS bogie system seen on previous American tank designs. The tank had a crew of four: driver, assistant driver, gunner, and commander, who doubled as the loader.

The first variant of the M3 Stuart light tank was very similar to the M2 light tanks. It had five machine gun armaments scattered around like the M2, but featured better armour and a better cannon with the 37 mm M6 cannon. The design did not have a turret basket for the crew and it was constructed out of rivets, which increased the chance of spalling in the tank. Nevertheless, the first variant M3 saw about 5,811 units produced. The second variant, the [[M3A1 Stuart|M3A1 Stuart]], featured a new turret with no cupola on it, plus an added gun stabilizer. The machine guns on the hull sides were removed, so now the total machine guns were reduced from five to three. The design also featured a welded armour design to remove the weakness of riveted armour. 4,621 of this variant was produced from May 1942 to February 1943. The most used variant, the [[M5A1|M5A1 Stuart]], had a completely redesigned hull and turret, with the hull most notably having a full sloping frontal armour than the previous designs. This variant had about 6,810 units produced. All in all, the M3 light tank design and all its later variants were produced in massive quantities from March 1941 to October 1943 with a total of 25,000 units produced.

===Combat usage===
The British were the first to use the M3 Stuart in Africa in 1941, using it in Operation Crusader. However, the result ended with heavy losses, due to the better training the German Afrika Korps had compared to the British tank doctrine. The encounter also pointed out many flaws in the M3, mainly the cramped interior and limited operational range, but was praised for its high mobility and reliability when compared to the British contemporary designs. In 1942, the Stuarts were generally kept as recon units rather than combat units, and some were even modified to improve speed and range by removing the turret, and others were converted to armoured personnel carriers and command vehicles. Though the British used it extensively, it was still in small proportion compared to American usage. The Soviet Union was also another user of the M3 but found it unfavourable due to their own logistics, plus it was not made to withstand the Russian Rasputitsa or even the winter. The Soviet eventually turned down any more offers for the Stuart by 1943. The M3s also supported the British and Chinese forces in Asia against the Japanese Army, and also France and Yugoslavia in Europe against the German Wehrmacht.

The Americans used it widely in both operational theatres. In the Pacific, the M3s were the first tanks America used in a tank vs. tank operation against the Imperial Japanese Army, where five M3s fought [[Ha-Go|Type 95 Ha-Gos]] in a well-known action in the Phillippines. In total 108 M3s served with the 192nd and 194th Tank Battalions, also known as the 1st Provisional Tank Group, in the 1941 U.S. defence of the Phillippines, despite having no HE ammo issued. More than 30 were captured by the Japanese, who equipped their 7th Tank Regiment with them, who used them to defend the Philippines again, against the US in 1944. M3s were also used by Company B of the 1st Marine Tank Battalion at Guadalcanal in 1942. Though the Stuarts were newer than the Japanese tank designs by about five years, they were seen as equal in performance and firepower, but the M3 benefited by the support of the American industry arm. The Stuarts served in the Pacific slightly better than its heavier counterparts such as the [[M4|M4 Shermans]] due to its lighter weight and manoeuvrability in the poor jungle terrain, but the M3 Stuarts in the Pacific were gradually replaced by M4 Shermans due to heavy losses from its thinner armour. The M3 was also some of the first US tanks to be converted into flamethrower tanks, named as the "Satan". The Satan tanks provided favourable results to the concept of a flamethrower tank and were replaced by flamethrower-equipped M4 Shermans in 1945.

In Europe, the M3 formed a large part of the American tank battalions, though following the British path by sidelining the Stuarts from combat duties after heavy losses and to serve alongside Shermans as scouting units. A typical tank battalion for the US Army consisted of three companies of Shermans and one of Stuarts. Other than scouting, the M3s were also used in cavalry roles and infantry support since their cannon are unable to compete with the German tank designs. Despite their dwindling capabilities in battle, the M3 was kept in service up until the end of the war due to the large production numbers.

After World War II, the Stuarts were given out as cheap surplus, countries such as China, India, and Pakistan picked up a few and used them in their conflicts. Portuguese also picked up a few M3s for the war in Angola, and the South African Corps continued using the Stuarts until 1955, where some were still kept in service until 1968 due to available parts. Today, Paraguay is still a user of the M3 light tanks, though as the only tracked armour used in the country.

The Stuart light tank design was also quite versatile that it was made into different variants for different roles on the battlefield. It served as an infantry support vehicle as to the [[M8 Scott|75 mm GMC M8]] and experiments were also taken to see if it could be adapted to an anti-aircraft gun and a flamethrower as well. However, the M3 was becoming an ageing design with inferior armour, cramped interior layout, and a small 37 mm gun, so a program to replace the light tank began in 1943 and became the [[M24|M24 Chaffee]], which would eventually replace the M3 Light Tank mostly after World War II.

=== In-game description ===
At the beginning of 1940 the Ordnance Department put together technical requirements for a new tank, the need for which was clear at the beginning of World War II. The first prototype was refashioned after the M2A4 at the Rock Island Arsenal. The tank had a riveted turret with few viewing slits, and the new M22 mantlet had thicker armour. The hull's frontal armour was also thickened to 45 mm and the turret to 38 mm. The tank hull was assembled from rolled armour plates on a frame made from angle sections and flat bars using rivets, though later releases were partially welded. From the end of 1941 to the beginning of 1942 a lack of standard gas-powered Continental aircraft engines forced some tanks to be outfitted with 265 hp Guiberson T-1020-4 diesel-powered, nine-cylinder, air-cooled radial engines capable of reaching 2,250 rpm. The diesel tanks could be recognized by their Vortex air filters and were generally designated M3 diesels. At the end of 1941 the tanks with carburetor engines were equipped with two cylindrically-shaped external fuel tanks, each with a capacity of 102 liters, that were connected to the engine supply system. After being exhausted, the external tanks could be jettisoned by the crew without leaving the tank. Adding the new tanks doubled the M3's range.

On July 5, 1940, the new light tank was standardized and released under the M3 designation. It was more widely known by the moniker General Stuart, given it by the British, who received a significant number of them in 1941 and 1942 via Lend-Lease.

Production of the M3 began in March 1941 at the American Car & Foundry factory. March 1941 through August 1942 saw 5,811 built, 1,285 of which were equipped with the Guiberson T-1020-4 engine.

M3 Stuart light tanks were also delivered to the Red Army and the UK via Lend-Lease to be used on all fronts in World War II beginning in 1941.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m3_stuart Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|1yg1DAEbG8A|'''The Stuart Family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:46 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|g1SpGVFsVzw|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[M2A2]]{{-}}[[M2A4 (1st Arm.Div.)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M3_Stuart|[Wikipedia] M3 Stuart]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/us/m3_stuart.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Light Tank M3 Stuart]

{{USA light tanks}}

PG 02

2019-09-13T21:26:08Z

U78664998: Wrote the Primary Armament section.

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_pg02}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{specs|rank}} Japanese fast attack craft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]]. It is a fast, powerful and very agile fighting ship!

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armament separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips for preserving survivability in the "Use in battle" section.''

''If necessary, use a graphics template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the ship’s mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward speed and reverse speed.''

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===
{{main|JM61-RFS (20 mm)}}
The PG-02 carries a JM-61 cannon, with a firerate of 3,000 RPM or 450 RPM with the 'Autocannon' modification, but you would be foolish to do so. With APDS rounds available to this rotary, the 3,000 RPM option chews up just about every boat, and can even be used to decent effect against destroyers. Aiming for large ships' guns will allow you to freely gun them down. and the APDS will cut through most small ships, killing them within seconds. It's a fairly accurate gun, however it can bounce a lot in heavy waves and it's hard to lead with past 2.5km, however, your max range is around 3km anyway, so that shouldn't really be an issue.

=== Special armament ===
''Depth charges, mines, rocket launchers and missiles are also effective in skilled hands and can take an off-guard opponent by surprise. Evaluate the ammunition of this type of armament and rate its performance in combat.''

==Usage in battles==
''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don’t try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Seakeeping
! colspan="2" |Unsinkability
! colspan="2" |Firepower
|-
| I
| Dry-Docking
| Tool Set||
| API-T||
|-
| II
| Rudder Replacement
| Fire Protection System||Smokescreen
| 20 mm APDS belts||
|-
| III
| Propeller Replacement
| ||
| Improved Rangefinder||Primary Armament Targeting
|-
| IV
| Engine Maintenance
| New Pumps||
| Artillery Support||
|-
|}

* As a premium ship, the PG 02's modifications are automatically unlocked upon purchase of the ship.

===Pros and cons===


'''Pros:'''

* Boasts a 20 mm rotary gun that fires at 3,000 RPM, allowing swift and easy destruction of targets
* Boasts excellent top speed and manoeuvrability
* Can easily disable armaments on larger ships, such as destroyers and gunboats in rapid succession
* Survivability rating is high - there are empty spaces in the hull which can absorb multitude amount of small-medium projectiles

'''Cons:'''

* 20 mm rotary gun can easily overheat and jam if fired for too long
* Hydrofoils diminish agility when traversing over shallow areas, such as islands and rock embankments. It will stagnate your speed, causing you to get permanently stuck in them
* HE shells will set boat on fire

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6163-development-the-japanese-fleet-in-war-thunder-pre-orders-for-the-pg-02-and-kiyoshimo-en|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> The Japanese Fleet in War Thunder: Pre-orders for the PG 02 and Kiyoshimo]]

{{Japan boats}}
{{Japan premium ships}}

USS Litchfield

2019-08-31T00:40:18Z

U78664998: Wrote the General Info, Armament, Basic Usage and History sections.

{{Specs-Card|code=us_destroyer_clemson_litchfield}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a rank {{specs|rank}} American destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. This destroyer was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] as part of the fleet closed beta test.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
This Clemson has her hull protected by 17mm of steel and her superstructure protected by 10mm. With a crew size of 150, she has a similar crew count to other early destroyers, and is tough to kill if she's top tier in a match, but will die quickly to higher tier ships. The smoke funnels and torpedo tubes are easy to knock out if you land centerline shots on her, and the lack of anti-fragmentation armour doesn't help. Her main ammunition storage is just below the waterline, so she can be decently difficult to ammorack. Both the primary armament and secondary armament are small, but the two guns in the raised fore section can be knocked out if a shot lands nearby due to their poor armour.

=== Mobility ===
4 boilers and 2 geared steam turbines produce 27,000 HP, allowing her a top speed of just under 65 KM/H with a spaded vessel. Her rudder shift is 5.4s, which is quite workable for her BR and her strange gun layout. She is very average compared to other destroyers, but it serves as a good indication of what to expect for future destroyers.

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===
<nowiki>{{main|</nowiki>[[4 inch/50 Mk.9 (102 mm)]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki>

DD-336 Clemson carries four 102mm Mk.9 cannons. They have an HE shell and APHEBC round available to them, both of which are mediocre shells. It's worthwhile to stay with the HE shell as this Clemson doesn't see well-armoured enemies, so the extra HE filler over the APHEBC round is a bonus. They have a traverse speed of 12 degrees per second, which is good compared to other early destroyers. A reload speed of 7.93s with a stock crew or 6.1s with a fully aced crew is decent, but slow compared to other destroyers of a slightly higher tier. Her shells are decently 'floaty' and require good leading at range, and you will be outgunned by almost every other destroyer of a higher BR. With a maximum elevation of 20 degrees, you cannot target enemy planes effectively. The gun mounts have 5mm of anti-fragmentation armour on each turret. With 1 gun in the front, 1 in the rear, and 1 on each side, you can only bring 3 of 4 guns to a broadside; but, you can swing back and forth to use each side gun effectively.

=== Secondary armament ===
This Clemson has a single 3 inch Mk.24 gun on the rear. It can carry HE or APHEBC shells, but as it's a secondary, you may as well use the HE since the AI will gun it for you. The 3 inch Mk.24 reloads in 6.7s with a stock crew and 3.35s with a fully aced crew, making it surprisingly good for dealing with small boats that would out-traverse your main armament. This gun has a traverse speed of 25 degrees per second, so it will be your backup against smaller ships. It also elevates at 25 degrees per second and has a maximum elevation of 70 degrees. The AI may snipe a plane if you're lucky, but that'll be your only AA.

=== Torpedo armament ===
She carries four triple torpedo launchers, utilizing the 21 inch Mk.8 torpedo. Their firing arcs are pretty good, and the sheer number of torpedoes and their positioning - 2 mounts on each side - means you can 'zigzag' to drop all twelve torpedoes. The Mk.8 has a good range of 9.1km, but a very slow speed of 50 KM/H and a mediocre explosive load of 146kg.

==Usage in battles==
She is good as a learning platform for basic destroyer play. Good at killing smaller ships because her smaller guns are accurate, with decent traverse speed for the BR and a passable secondary gun. She cannot effectively deal with other destroyers however, as her guns are small and will fail to do much damage to them. Her torpedoes will do good work for area saturation, and using the rudder to swing the ship back and forth will allow you to put most guns on target and use the good torpedo arcs.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Seakeeping
! colspan="2" |Unsinkability
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
| I
| Dry-Docking
| Tool Set||
| 4inch SP Common||Anti-Air Armament Targeting||
|-
| II
| Rudder Replacement
| Fire Protection System||Smokescreen
| 3inch Common Mk.3||Auxillary Armament Targeting||
|-
| III
| Propeller Replacement
| Ventilation||Shrapnel Protection
| ||Primary Armament Targeting||Improved Rangefinder
|-
| IV
| Engine Maintenance
| New Pumps||Ammo Wetting
| ||||
|-
|}

===Pros and cons===

'''Pros:'''

* Six torpedoes per side
* Turret traverse is decent compared to other first-generation destroyers
* Decent firing arcs

'''Cons:'''

* Slow shell velocity and rate-of-fire, making long-shots difficult
* No anti-aircraft guns, vulnerable to any aircraft
* No Armor
* Firepower is woefully inadequate for dealing with later destroyers

== History ==
The Clemson class of destroyers were built between 1918 and 1922, as the last 'flush-decker' type in the US navy, an evolution of the Wickes class. They were designed to do anti-submarine combat better than preceding destroyer classes, should the US get involved in another naval war after WW I. The Clemsons had the same armament as the Wickes, however there were provisions for 5-inch guns, which only seven destroyers received. DD-336 ingame, USS Litchfield, was commissioned in May 1920. She helped with humanitarian efforts in Greece and Armenia, and was overhauled in 1923. Joining Destroyer Squadron 12, her crew earned money for doing very effective short-range fire. In May 1937, she was designated flagship of Submarine Squadron 4, and participated in drills at and nearby Pearl Harbor. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, she escorted US submarines near the base, and conducted anti-submarine patrols. In 1944, she performed convoy escorts to Midway and Eniwetok, rescued aircraft crew, performed exercises, and in at least one case salvaged an aircraft. After escorting a convoy to Guam in March 1945, she was redesignated an auxillary; she was ordered to be decommissioned in November 1945 and was scrapped in March 1946.

<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Litchfield_(DD-336)]</ref>

<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemson-class_destroyer]</ref>

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA destroyers}}

IJN Ayanami

2019-08-29T03:00:59Z

U78664998: Wrote the General Info, Armament, and Basic Use sections, as well as the History section. This article only needs photos and external links, otherwise it's probably 85%-90% finished.

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_destroyer_fubuki}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a rank {{specs|rank}} Japanese destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
The Fubuki has 23mm of steel armour on her hull, 8mm on her superstructure, and 3mm over her main firing tower. Her guns carry 3.2mm of anti-fragmentation armour. She has 197 crew, which is on the low side compared to other 4.0-4.3 DDs, making her usually get knocked out quicker. Her guns are very large and will get knocked out easily, and her engine/smoke funnels are fairly simple to hit as well. Her secondary armament is hard to hit, but there's so little of it, that it doesn't mean much. If shells land in the mid-section, they will most likely knock out at least one torpedo mount and one or both engines. There is a silver lining here, though; her ammunition is stored just below the waterline, making her somewhat difficult to ammorack.

=== Mobility ===
50,000 IHP coming out of 4 Kampon boilers and 2 Kampon 'Ro' geared turbines, giving her a max speed of ~65 KM/H, which is fairly middle of the road for 4.0-4.3 BR DDs. She has a 5.4s rudder shift. This is decent enough mobility, but won't win any prizes compared to other DDs. The main issue here is that she out-turns her main battery, so you may want to be careful with the rudder.

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===
''<nowiki>{{main|</nowiki>[[Type 3 (127 mm)]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''

The Type 3 127mm gun found on the Fubuki in three twin mounts is the 'B' model Type 3. They are located in the front and rear of the vessel: 1 in the front, 2 in the rear, and the rear guns are superfiring. It has HE and HE-DF shells available to it. The HE shell has 54mm (0 degree angle) of penetration at 1000m, dropping off to 27mm at all angles at 10000m. The HE shell also has a velocity of 872 meters/second, and overall is an easy shell to lead at range. It carries 2.2 kg of explosive filler. The HE-DF is not worth loading, as the Type 3 mount's turret traverse speed is too slow to be effective against aircraft. The main battery is also large, and easy for enemies to knock out with only 3.2mm of protection. She has a 7.5s reload speed with a stock crew and a 5.5s reload speed with a fully aced crew.

=== Secondary armament ===
Two twin 13.2mm Type 93 machine guns covered in the Anti-aircraft section. They can be used passably against PT boats but aren't good against much else.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
The anti-aircraft weaponry on the Fubuki consists of two twin 13.2mm Type 93 machine guns with a firerate of 476 RPM. They contain 120 rounds of ammunition per gun and have a reload speed of two seconds, giving them decent uptime. These Type 93 machine guns can use HEI or AP heavy belts (3 HEI/AP | 1 T) or a universal belt consisting of 1 T | 1 AP | 1 HEI | 1 AP ammunition. The AP belts have 26mm of penetration at 10m, dropping off to 12mm at 1000m; while the tracer round in the HEI belt has 10mm of penetration at 10m, dropping off to 6mm at 1000m. They traverse reasonably well and only planes directly over you will be difficult to aim at. It is worth noting the 127mm Type 3 'B' gun can elevate to +75 degrees, however the elevation rate and horizontal traverse speeds are far too slow to be used effectively. Overall, the Fubuki's AA is poor at best, as the sheer lack of mounts require precise aiming and don't have a good 'fear factor' for enemy pilots.

=== Torpedo armament ===
The Fubuki has three triple torpedo mounts of a 610mm caliber. They have reasonable firing arcs, although you will need to show some broadside to use them. They do not carry an onboard reload. These torpedoes are the Type 90, which have good speed - 85 KM/H or 52 MP/H - and a 7 kilometer range. The Type 90 carries 480 kg of TNT equivalent explosive, which is only beaten out by the Yuugumo and Kiyoshimo's Type 93s. Overall, they are strong torpedoes for their 4.0 BR, given their good range, fast speed and large explosive filler. She has access to a 'Torpedo Mode', giving her extra range for less speed.

=== Special armament ===
The Fubuki can mount eight Type 95 depth charges, located near the rear of the vessel. They have a 100 kg TNT equivalent filler, but don't see any real use due to the Naval meta and the lack of proper targets.

== Usage in battles ==
Fubuki has good torpedoes, meaning she could be used as an effective kiter to send torpedoes towards your enemies. This is an even better tactic in AB, as the torpedo reloads will allow you to saturate areas. Her guns are mediocre at best, but the rear-heavy armament also work well if she's kiting away from her enemies. Use the rudder and engine to dodge incoming shells, since her low crew count makes her easy to kill.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Effective torpedoes for its battle rating
* Easy to lead shells for the main guns

*

'''Cons:'''

* Poor gunpower due to slow reload and bad traverse speed
* Poor anti-aircraft firepower
* Low crew number of 197

*

== History ==
The Special-Type Destroyers, represented ingame as IJN Fubuki (which is actually Ayanami of the 2nd group of Special-Types) were designed in 1922 due to the Washington Naval Treaty. Under the criteria of a speed of 39 knots (72 KM/H), a 4,000 nautical mile range and a strong torpedo armament, the class were ordered in 1923. Their armament and size were very good for their time and remained a fair enemy up to the end of WWII. They were designed to 'cruise' in the Pacific, as the bow was shaped to provide protection against the weather. Built between June 1928 and March 1933, they fall into three main groups: The Fubuki class, using the Type 3 'A' mount, the Ayanami class, using the Type 3 'B' mount and with other changes, and the Akatsuki class, which had three boilers and a torpedo launcher/turret. However, their heavy weight caused stability issues and after the Fourth Fleet Incident, they were rebuilt in 1935-1937 with more ballast, a slightly different bridge, and less gun and torpedo ammunition. Eight Ayanamis also were retrofitted with Type 3 'C' guns. These rebuilds increased their weight further to 2000 tons, and over 2400 with full load. The Ayanami we have ingame was sunk in November 1942; USN battleship Washington shelled her and heavily damaged her, and she was scuttled by fellow Ayanami-class Uranami.

References:

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fubuki-class_destroyer]

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Ayanami_(1929)]

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Japan destroyers}}

IJN Kiyoshimo

2019-08-29T01:32:20Z

U78664998: Added "Very good torpedoes" to the pros of the vessel.

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_destroyer_kiyoshimo}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{specs|rank}} Japanese destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armament separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips for preserving survivability in the "Use in battle" section.''

''If necessary, use a graphics template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the ship’s mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward speed and reverse speed.''

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===
{{main|Type 3 (127 mm)}}
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>.''

''Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

=== Secondary armament ===
{{main|Type 96 (25 mm)}}
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. The secondary armament is defined as the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armament and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section.''

''If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

=== Torpedo armament ===
{{main|Type 93}}
''Torpedoes launchers are standard equipment on many ships and boats. Torpedoes are a significant means of defeating an opponent. Evaluate the position of the torpedo launchers, discuss the ammunition available, firing specifics such as dead zones, features of the torpedoes themselves, etc.''

''If there is no torpedo armament, remove this section.''

=== Special armament ===
{{main|Type 95 depth charge}}
''Depth charges, mines, rocket launchers and missiles are also effective in skilled hands and can take an off-guard opponent by surprise. Evaluate the ammunition of this type of armament and rate its performance in combat.''

==Usage in battles==
''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don’t try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Seakeeping
! colspan="2" |Unsinkability
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
| I
| Dry-Docking
| Tool Set||
| 25 mm APT belt||||
|-
| II
| Rudder Replacement
| Fire Protection System||Smokescreen
| 25 mm HEIT belts||Auxiliary Armament Targeting||127 mm Type 1 HE
|-
| III
| Propeller Replacement
| Shrapnel Protection||Ventilation
| Improved Rangefinder||Primary Armament Targeting||
|-
| IV
| Engine Maintenance
| New Pumps||Ammo Wetting
| Bomb mortar||||
|-
|}

* As a premium ship, the IJN Kiyoshimo's modifications are automatically unlocked upon purchase of the ship.

===Pros and cons===


'''Pros:'''

* Good top speed
* Good maneuverability
* 2 quad torpedo launchers with one reload each
* Very good torpedoes

'''Cons:'''

* Slow turret traverse
* 25mm AA only effective at close range

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6163-development-the-japanese-fleet-in-war-thunder-pre-orders-for-the-pg-02-and-kiyoshimo-en|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> The Japanese Fleet in War Thunder: Pre-orders for the PG 02 and Kiyoshimo]]

{{Japan destroyers}}
{{Japan premium ships}}