War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

DB-7 (Family)

2024-02-01T19:22:44Z

U78418905: US never called their A-20s "Havoc", USSR A-20s were never ordered by British. Havocs were converted Boston IIs, not ordered direct. (That would be Boston III, not currently in game)

'''DB-7''' may refer to:

== Vehicles ==
=== Rank II ===

* [[A-20G-25]]
* [[Havoc Mk I (Great Britain)]] - (British Boston bombers converted to use as night intruders.)
* [[Boston Mk I (Great Britain)]] - (Aircraft originally ordered by the French, but diverted to Britain due to the French armistice)'
* [[DB-7 (Great Britain)]] - (Also known as Havoc I, the initial order of DB-7 aircraft delivered to the French before the armistice)

=== Rank III ===

* [[A-20G-30 (USSR)]] - (Soviet lend-lease Aircraft)

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ejM3ZMY-E0w|'''The Boston, the Havoc, and the DB-7, what's the difference?''' - ''PatchBits''|cxkPq8ICn3Y|'''The Shooting Range #25''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 00:42 discusses the Havoc.}}

[[Category:Family pages]]

{{AirManufacturer Douglas}}

DB-7 (Family)

2024-02-01T19:15:26Z

U78418905: /* Rank II */ DB-7 was not "also known as" the Havoc I. Havoc I's were all up-engined to 1200hp (from 1065hp for the DB-7s the French used). I would remove that phrase.

'''DB-7''' may refer to:

== Vehicles ==
=== Rank II ===

* [[A-20G-25]] ''Havoc''
* [[Havoc Mk I (Great Britain)]] - (Aircraft ordered by Britain from USA)
* [[Boston Mk I (Great Britain)]] - (Aircraft originally ordered by the French, but diverted to Britain due to the French armistice)'
* [[DB-7 (Great Britain)]] - (The initial order of DB-7 aircraft delivered to the French before the armistice)

=== Rank III ===

* [[A-20G-30 (USSR)]] - (Soviet lend-lease Aircraft originally ordered by the British)

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ejM3ZMY-E0w|'''The Boston, the Havoc, and the DB-7, what's the difference?''' - ''PatchBits''|cxkPq8ICn3Y|'''The Shooting Range #25''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 00:42 discusses the Havoc.}}

[[Category:Family pages]]

{{AirManufacturer Douglas}}

Z32

2023-11-18T14:12:49Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_destroyer_class1936a_mob_z32
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Z32 offers very little additional protection except the basic hull with 16 mm of steel armour and a superstructure with 8 mm of steel armour. The gun shields on the single 15 cm mounts are 12.7 mm thick and the gun shields on the 20 mm Flakvierlings measure 8 mm of armour, therefore only offering protection from small calibre machine gun fire.

The only significantly armoured part of the ship is the twin 15 cm turret on the front, with around 30 mm of armour frontally and 20 mm on the sides, offering enough protection to resist some early destroyer rounds, thus making it last longer in bow-in engagements.

Having no additional armour means most cannon, autocannon and even machine gun equipped ships can punch through its hull, meaning this destroyer isn't any more survivable than its predecessors in terms of armour.

A small difference, however, is the slightly larger crew complement with 343 men, even surpassing the complement of the [[Z22 Anton Schmitt]] with 323 crew, and making this the 3rd highest destroyer crew count after the [[USS Sumner]] and the [[Leningrad]].

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 61.5
|SpeedBackStockAB = 23
|TurnTimeStockAB = 126.7
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 43
}}

A larger gun calibre whilst retaining the same number of guns as on the regular Type 1936 results in a displacement of 3,597 tons and a speed of around 68 km/h, making the ship slightly slower than its predecessors, although hardly noticeable.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|15 cm/48 KC/36 (150 mm)}}

The main armament of the Z32 comes in the form of 5 powerful 15 cm/48 KC/36 cannons, in 3 single mounts aft and one twin mount at the front. The large calibre of these cruiser guns result in a rather slow reload of 7.5 seconds and therefore a maximum of 8 rounds per minute. This however is compensated by the large amount of explosive filler and shrapnel the shells release on impact, as well as the noticeably better muzzle velocity retention, giving a much easier time aiming at longer ranges.
[[File:Type 1936A Weapons.png|thumb|350px|Weapon placements: 15cm main guns (red), torpedo launchers (green), 3.7 cm secondary weapons (yellow) and 2 cm anti-air cannons (blue)]]
The turret traverse of a mere 10°/sec for the single mounts, and 7°/sec for the twin mount encourages a more careful approach to targets at longer range, as a quick turn with the guns at close range is simply not possible.

The HE shell has a TNT equivalent of 3.91 kg and a muzzle velocity of 835 m/s, making it a great choice for medium ranges against destroyers of any kind.

The second shell type, a semi-armour piercing capped shell, has good penetration, a TNT equivalent of 3.32 kg and a muzzle velocity of 835 m/s. Furthermore, this is the only destroyer shell able to reliably threaten a large portion of cruisers at ranges of 5,000 m. An accurate player will be able to ammorack most early interwar cruisers, or at least cripple them severely.

The last shell, an HE with time fuse, can be used against aircraft if aimed carefully.

{{:15 cm/48 KC/36 (150 mm)/Ammunition|15 cm Spgr. L/4.5 Kz (m.Hb), 15 cm Spgr. L/4.4 Bdz (m.Hb), 15 cm Spgr. L/4.5 Zt.Z}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|SK C/30 (37 mm)}}

The secondary armament is provided with 2 twin 3.7 cm SK C/30 mounts, both in the middle of the ship, one port and one starboard. These have a fire rate of 30 round per minute and provide antishipping capabilities against smaller patrol vessels with HE and AP, as well as minor anti-air support with time fused HE shells.

{{:SK C/30 (37 mm)/Ammunition|37 mm Spgr L/4.1 Lh 37, 37 mm Psgr L'spur Zerl}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|2 cm/65 C/38 (20 mm)|2 cm/65 Flakvierling 38 (20 mm)}}

The main anti-air defence consists of six 20 mm emplacements in total. Four in single mounts distributed in the front, aft and in the middle of the ship, and two quad mounts located in front of the bridge and between the second and third main gun. This gives the Type 1936A decent anti-air capabilities for close range encounters, although for longer ranges, this calibre is insufficient.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|G7a (533 mm)}}

The Type 1936A features 2 quadruple torpedo mounts in the middle of the ship, attached in the centre for a full traverse to both sides, enabling a full broadside of 8 torpedoes.

The torpedoes are the standard 533 mm G7a torpedoes of the German navy, with a maximum speed of 81 km/h, a maximum travel distance of 14 km and an explosive warhead of 358.4 kg of TNT. Not particularly outstanding in any kind or form, but still useful for screening capture points or chokepoints and close range panic launching.

== Usage in battles ==


The Z32 is an excellent ship, boasting massive firepower. Due to its non-existent armour, good muzzle velocity, slow firing and slow traversing guns, the Type 1936A is best used on medium or long ranges, where evasive manoeuvres can be made and enemies have a harder time hitting you. Following this, the Type 1936A should not be in the first line of attack, it should be played more like a support, staying further away, and making use of its longer range weaponry. When engaging at close range, the insufficient rate of fire becomes apparent and multiple enemies from different directions can easily overwhelm the slow reacting destroyer, in these situations a precise shot in the ammorack can do the trick and is much more reliable than with smaller calibres. Furthermore, the large calibre is capable to overcome even the anti-fragmentation armour of American destroyers without losing much of your explosive power, and therefore countering those American vessels.

Having the semi-armour piercing (SAP) shell equipped gives the Type 1936A another, more unique role, namely the role of a cruiser killer, being one of the few destroyers to be able to do so. Since your destroyer is the definition of a glass cannon, even more when facing cruisers, it is important to stay concealed behind islands or simply by not shooting whilst closing in to a range of around 4-6 km. A few salvoes into the sides of the cruiser where the ammo is located is usually enough for most early interwar cruiser designs like the [[USS Trenton]], the [[Krasny Kavkaz]], or the [[Köln]].

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent long range firepower
* Powerful SAP round against cruisers
* High explosive mass
* Large crew compartment
* Effective close range anti-air

'''Cons:'''

* No hull armour
* Slow turret traverse
* Lacklustre anti-air suite at longer ranges
* Slow firing cannons, every salvo counts

== History ==

Even before the outbreak of WW2, the Naval High Command of the Kriegsmarine was concerned about the firepower of its most modern destroyer vessels. Fearing they may be outgunned by comparable vessels of other nations, a study was initiated in 1936 about the possible upgunning of the Type 1934 and 1936 class destroyers with 15cm main guns.

The study quickly revealed that, although this upgrade was theoretically feasible, in practice it resulted in severe stability issues on the affected vessels and actually hampered their abilities more than increasing them.

However, whilst the Type 1934 and 1936 class destroyers kept their original 12.8cm main guns as a result of the conducted study, the Naval High Command didn't wish to abandon the idea completely and ordered for modifications to be made to the existing Type 1936 design in order to accomodate for the desired firepower upgrade.

This resulted in the creation of Type 1936A which was ordered into production in 1938 and consisted of a total of 8 ships. Although this class was designed to allow for the realization of the desired firepower upgrade, it still suffered from the same problems highlighted by the initial study and was known to have reliability issues with its steam turbines.

In 1940, the first of a total of 7 Type 1936 (Mob) destroyers were laid down. These were designed in an effort to address some of the known issues of the upgunned Type 1936 destroyers as well as to simplify their design in order to allow for shorter construction times.

Only a handful of the upgraded Type 1936A and 1936A (Mob) destroyers were lost in combat during WW2. In fact, more than half of the ships of these two classes survived the war and were used by several allied nations post-war, including the US, UK, USSR and France. The last remaining ships of this class were decommissioned from active service in the late 1950s.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6095-development-type-1936a-mob-punching-above-its-weight-en|Devblog]]''

Z32 herself was lost in an action near Ushant, defeated by the Canadian Tribal-class destroyers HMCS Huron and [[HMCS Haida]] on 9 June 1944. She was driven aground and later destroyed by bombs from Bristol Beaufighters.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_destroyer_class1936a_mob_z32 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;[[Type 1936 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Z25]]
* [[Marceau]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6095-development-type-1936a-mob-punching-above-its-weight-en|[Devblog] Type 1936A (Mob): Punching Above Its Weight]]

{{ShipManufacturer DeSchiMAG}}
{{Germany destroyers}}

Z32

2023-11-18T14:08:43Z

U78418905: adding something specific about the ship

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_destroyer_class1936a_mob_z32
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Z32 offers very little additional protection except the basic hull with 16 mm of steel armour and a superstructure with 8 mm of steel armour. The gun shields on the single 15 cm mounts are 12.7 mm thick and the gun shields on the 20 mm Flakvierlings measure 8 mm of armour, therefore only offering protection from small calibre machine gun fire.

The only significantly armoured part of the ship is the twin 15 cm turret on the front, with around 30 mm of armour frontally and 20 mm on the sides, offering enough protection to resist some early destroyer rounds, thus making it last longer in bow-in engagements.

Having no additional armour means most cannon, autocannon and even machine gun equipped ships can punch through its hull, meaning this destroyer isn't any more survivable than its predecessors in terms of armour.

A small difference, however, is the slightly larger crew complement with 343 men, even surpassing the complement of the [[Z22 Anton Schmitt]] with 323 crew, and making this the 3rd highest destroyer crew count after the [[USS Sumner]] and the [[Leningrad]].

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 61.5
|SpeedBackStockAB = 23
|TurnTimeStockAB = 126.7
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 43
}}

A larger gun calibre whilst retaining the same number of guns as on the regular Type 1936 results in a displacement of 3,597 tons and a speed of around 68 km/h, making the ship slightly slower than its predecessors, although hardly noticeable.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|15 cm/48 KC/36 (150 mm)}}

The main armament of the Z32 comes in the form of 5 powerful 15 cm/48 KC/36 cannons, in 3 single mounts aft and one twin mount at the front. The large calibre of these cruiser guns result in a rather slow reload of 7.5 seconds and therefore a maximum of 8 rounds per minute. This however is compensated by the large amount of explosive filler and shrapnel the shells release on impact, as well as the noticeably better muzzle velocity retention, giving a much easier time aiming at longer ranges.
[[File:Type 1936A Weapons.png|thumb|350px|Weapon placements: 15cm main guns (red), torpedo launchers (green), 3.7 cm secondary weapons (yellow) and 2 cm anti-air cannons (blue)]]
The turret traverse of a mere 10°/sec for the single mounts, and 7°/sec for the twin mount encourages a more careful approach to targets at longer range, as a quick turn with the guns at close range is simply not possible.

The HE shell has a TNT equivalent of 3.91 kg and a muzzle velocity of 835 m/s, making it a great choice for medium ranges against destroyers of any kind.

The second shell type, a semi-armour piercing capped shell, has good penetration, a TNT equivalent of 3.32 kg and a muzzle velocity of 835 m/s. Furthermore, this is the only destroyer shell able to reliably threaten a large portion of cruisers at ranges of 5,000 m. An accurate player will be able to ammorack most early interwar cruisers, or at least cripple them severely.

The last shell, an HE with time fuse, can be used against aircraft if aimed carefully.

{{:15 cm/48 KC/36 (150 mm)/Ammunition|15 cm Spgr. L/4.5 Kz (m.Hb), 15 cm Spgr. L/4.4 Bdz (m.Hb), 15 cm Spgr. L/4.5 Zt.Z}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|SK C/30 (37 mm)}}

The secondary armament is provided with 2 twin 3.7 cm SK C/30 mounts, both in the middle of the ship, one port and one starboard. These have a fire rate of 30 round per minute and provide antishipping capabilities against smaller patrol vessels with HE and AP, as well as minor anti-air support with time fused HE shells.

{{:SK C/30 (37 mm)/Ammunition|37 mm Spgr L/4.1 Lh 37, 37 mm Psgr L'spur Zerl}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|2 cm/65 C/38 (20 mm)|2 cm/65 Flakvierling 38 (20 mm)}}

The main anti-air defence consists of six 20 mm emplacements in total. Four in single mounts distributed in the front, aft and in the middle of the ship, and two quad mounts located in front of the bridge and between the second and third main gun. This gives the Type 1936A decent anti-air capabilities for close range encounters, although for longer ranges, this calibre is insufficient.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|G7a (533 mm)}}

The Type 1936A features 2 quadruple torpedo mounts in the middle of the ship, attached in the centre for a full traverse to both sides, enabling a full broadside of 8 torpedoes.

The torpedoes are the standard 533 mm G7a torpedoes of the German navy, with a maximum speed of 81 km/h, a maximum travel distance of 14 km and an explosive warhead of 358.4 kg of TNT. Not particularly outstanding in any kind or form, but still useful for screening capture points or chokepoints and close range panic launching.

== Usage in battles ==


The Z32 is an excellent ship, boasting massive firepower. Due to its non-existent armour, good muzzle velocity, slow firing and slow traversing guns, the Type 1936A is best used on medium or long ranges, where evasive manoeuvres can be made and enemies have a harder time hitting you. Following this, the Type 1936A should not be in the first line of attack, it should be played more like a support, staying further away, and making use of its longer range weaponry. When engaging at close range, the insufficient rate of fire becomes apparent and multiple enemies from different directions can easily overwhelm the slow reacting destroyer, in these situations a precise shot in the ammorack can do the trick and is much more reliable than with smaller calibres. Furthermore, the large calibre is capable to overcome even the anti-fragmentation armour of American destroyers without losing much of your explosive power, and therefore countering those American vessels.

Having the semi-armour piercing (SAP) shell equipped gives the Type 1936A another, more unique role, namely the role of a cruiser killer, being one of the few destroyers to be able to do so. Since your destroyer is the definition of a glass cannon, even more when facing cruisers, it is important to stay concealed behind islands or simply by not shooting whilst closing in to a range of around 4-6 km. A few salvoes into the sides of the cruiser where the ammo is located is usually enough for most early interwar cruiser designs like the [[USS Trenton]], the [[Krasny Kavkaz]], or the [[Köln]].

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent long range firepower
* Powerful SAP round against cruisers
* High explosive mass
* Large crew compartment
* Effective close range anti-air

'''Cons:'''

* No hull armour
* Slow turret traverse
* Lacklustre anti-air suite at longer ranges
* Slow firing cannons, every salvo counts

== History ==

Even before the outbreak of WW2, the Naval High Command of the Kriegsmarine was concerned about the firepower of its most modern destroyer vessels. Fearing they may be outgunned by comparable vessels of other nations, a study was initiated in 1936 about the possible upgunning of the Type 1934 and 1936 class destroyers with 15cm main guns.

The study quickly revealed that, although this upgrade was theoretically feasible, in practice it resulted in severe stability issues on the affected vessels and actually hampered their abilities more than increasing them.

However, whilst the Type 1934 and 1936 class destroyers kept their original 12.8cm main guns as a result of the conducted study, the Naval High Command didn't wish to abandon the idea completely and ordered for modifications to be made to the existing Type 1936 design in order to accomodate for the desired firepower upgrade.

This resulted in the creation of Type 1936A which was ordered into production in 1938 and consisted of a total of 8 ships. Although this class was designed to allow for the realization of the desired firepower upgrade, it still suffered from the same problems highlighted by the initial study and was known to have reliability issues with its steam turbines.

In 1940, the first of a total of 7 Type 1936 (Mob) destroyers were laid down. These were designed in an effort to address some of the known issues of the upgunned Type 1936 destroyers as well as to simplify their design in order to allow for shorter construction times.

Only a handful of the upgraded Type 1936A and 1936A (Mob) destroyers were lost in combat during WW2. In fact, more than half of the ships of these two classes survived the war and were used by several allied nations post-war, including the US, UK, USSR and France. The last remaining ships of this class were decommissioned from active service in the late 1950s.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6095-development-type-1936a-mob-punching-above-its-weight-en|Devblog]]''

Z32 herself was lost in an action near Ushant, defeated by the Canadian Tribal-class destroyers HMCS Huron and HMCS Haida (also in game) on 9 June 1944. She was driven aground and later destroyed by bombs from Bristol Beaufighters.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_destroyer_class1936a_mob_z32 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;[[Type 1936 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Z25]]
* [[Marceau]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6095-development-type-1936a-mob-punching-above-its-weight-en|[Devblog] Type 1936A (Mob): Punching Above Its Weight]]

{{ShipManufacturer DeSchiMAG}}
{{Germany destroyers}}

Category talk:Torpedo bombers

2023-06-25T13:43:29Z

U78418905: /* DB-3B is missing from the diagram */ new section

For future works on these visual trees. By what kind of formula you edited this page? I sorted these airplanes by BR and overall tech tree by nation. Now PBY Catalina with BR 1.7-2.0 is before TBD-1 with BR 1.3-1.7. Also in overall USA tree TBD is before (upper than) Catalina. Thanks [[User:U6133915|U6133915]] ([[User talk:U6133915|talk]]) 10:19, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
: Ordering top-to-bottom and BR will be sufficient. Although larger families of vehicles in the same rank could be grouped together for easier sorting (like the Wellingtons) --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 16:33, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

== DB-3B is missing from the diagram ==

It carries a torpedo even though it is listed only as a "frontline bomber" currently.

Awards

2023-06-01T11:43:38Z

U78418905: /* Streaks */ changing text to correspond to the Drone Age changelog (14 Sept 2022)

'''Match awards''' are like mini-achievements, resetting at the end of each game and can be earned anew in the next match. Each one of these will provide a silver lions {{sl}} reward after the match end.

Some awards are needed to complete [[Daily missions]] or to win wagers.

'''[[#Streaks|Streaks]]''' are earned for continuous, successive acts during a match. The player is rewarded for his ongoing efforts with silver lions {{sl}}.

=== Match Awards ===
In alphabetical order.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:Award-accordingtointelligence.png]]||'''According to Intelligence''' Reward for destroying an enemy vehicle marked by an ally.
|- *
|[[File:Award-adamant.png]]||'''Adamant ''' Take some hits, stay alive. ''The player's ground vehicle must receive more than 9 non-critical hits without being destroyed to receive the award.''
|-
|[[File:Award-antimech.png]]||'''Antimech''' Destroyed the most AI ground units. If several players have equal number of destroyed targets, the award is given to the one with bigger score. Can't be more than 17 ground units. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|[[File:Award-avenger.png]]||'''Avenger''' Destroy an enemy who has destroyed your teammate's vehicle.
|-
|[[File:Award-balancer.png]]||'''Balancer''' Destroyed the most vehicles of one rank higher. If several players have equal number of destroyed targets, the award is given to the one with bigger score. Can't be more than 4 vehicles. No multiplier.
|-
|[[File:Award-BaseDefender.png]]||'''Base defender''' Reward for interrupting of base capturing by destruction of an enemy unit.
|-
|[[File:Award-bomberhunter.png]]||'''Bomber Hunter''' Destroyed at least 5 bombers or assault planes.
|-
|[[File:Award-bomberrescuer.png]]||'''Bomber Rescuer''' Defended* a friendly bomber. ''*Destroy an enemy player that recently dealt critical damage to a friendly bomber.''
|-
|[[File:Award-bombersnightmare.png]]||'''Bombers' Nightmare''' Destroyed at least 10 bombers or assault planes. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|[[File:Award-bulletproof.png]]||'''Bulletproof''' Didn't lose any vehicle and destroyed more targets than all other players who didn't lose any vehicle. If several players have equal number of destroyed targets, the award is given to the one with bigger score. Can't be more than 4 targets destroyed. No multiplier.
|-
|[[File:Award-doomsday.png]]||'''Doomsday!''' Made a nuclear strike and ended the mission with a victory.
|-
|[[File:Award-eyeforeye.png]]||'''Eye for Eye''' Destroy an enemy who has destroyed your vehicle.
|-
|[[File:Award-fighterhunter.png]]||'''Fighter Hunter''' Destroyed at least 5 fighter planes.
|-
|[[File:Award-fighterrescuer.png]]||'''Fighter Rescuer''' Defended* a friendly fighter. ''*Destroy an enemy player that recently dealt critical damage to a friendly fighter.''
|-
|[[File:Award-fightersnightmare.png]]||'''Fighters' Nightmare''' Destroyed at least 10 fighter planes. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|[[File:Award-unguided.png]]||'''Fire Arrows''' Destroyed an enemy plane with rockets.
|-
|[[File:Award-firefighter.png]]||'''Firefighter''' Reward for extinguishing a fire on an allied vehicle.
|-
|[[File:Award-firststrike.png]]||'''First strike!''' Delivered a first strike.
|-
|[[File:Award-finalblow.png]]||'''Final blow!''' Delivered the final blow*.
|-
|[[File:Award-godmode.png]]||'''God Mode!''' Destroyed a vehicle 5 or more BR ranks higher.
|-
|[[File:Award-groundforcerescuer.png]]||'''Ground Force Rescuer''' Defended friendly ground/water troops.
|-
|[[File:Award-heavymetalfury.png]]||'''Heavy Metal Fury''' Destroyed the most ground vehicles of other players. If several players have equal number of destroyed targets, the award is given to the one with bigger score. Can't be more than 11 ground vehicles. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x2).
|-
|[[File:Award-heavymetalhero.png]]||'''Heavy Metal Hero''' Destroyed the most ground vehicles of other players (not fewer than 12 enemy ground vehicles). Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x2).
|-
|[[File:Award-HelpWithRepairing.png]]||'''Help with Repairing''' Reward for helping an ally with vehicle repairing.
|-
|[[File:Award-heroofthesky.png]]||'''Hero of the Sky''' Destroyed the most aircraft in Air Battles (not fewer than 12 enemy aircraft). Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|[[File:Award-intelligence.png]]||'''Intelligence''' Ally destroyed an enemy vehicle marked by you.
|-
|[[File:Award-missionmaker.png]]||'''Mission Maker''' Delivered both "First strike" and "Final blow".
|-
|[[File:Award-onhand.png]]||'''On Hand''' Having the most assists in destroying enemy vehicles. If several players have equal number of assists, the award is given to the one with bigger score. Can't be more than 7 assists. No Multiplier. {{Notice|Scout assists are not taken into account, only destruction assists are counted towards the award.}}
|-
|[[File:Award-punisher.png]]||'''Punisher''' Destroyed the most vehicles of one rank higher. Can't be fewer than 5 vehicles. No Multiplier.
|-
|[[File:Award-rankdoesnotmatter.png]]||'''Rank does not matter''' Destroyed a vehicle 1-2 BR ranks higher.
|-
|[[File:Award-roguewave.png]]||'''Rogue Wave''' Destroyed the most AI ship units. If several players have equal number of destroyed targets, the award is given to the one with the biggest score. Can't be more than 17 AI units. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|[[File:Award-SafeAndSound-Bomber.png]]||'''Safe and Sound: Bomber''' Reward for preserving a bomber plane at the end of an aerial battle in Ground AB.
|-
|[[File:Award-SafeAndSound-Attacker.png]]||'''Safe and Sound: Attacker''' Reward for preserving an attacker plane at the end of an aerial battle in Ground AB.
|-
|[[File:Award-SafeAndSound-Fighter.png]]||'''Safe and Sound: Fighter''' Reward for preserving a fighter plane at the end of an aerial battle in Ground AB.
|-
|[[File:Award-skillmatters.png]]||'''Skill matters''' Destroyed a vehicle 2-5 BR ranks higher.
|-
|[[File:Award-sniper.png]]||'''Sniper''' Destroy an enemy vehicle from a long distance.
|-
|[[File:Award-softlanding.png]]||'''Soft Landing''' Landed a critically damaged aircraft.
|-
|[[File:Award-supportingfire.png]]||'''Supporting Fire''' The award for assist to a squadmate in destroying an enemy unit.
|-
|[[File:Award-surprise.png]]||'''Surprise!''' Destroyed an enemy plane with bombs.
|-
|[[File:Award-survivor.png]]||'''Survivor''' Hasn't lost a single vehicle (whether aircraft, tank or ship) whilst destroying more enemy vehicles than any other players of both teams (should be at least 5 enemies destroyed). No multiplier.
|-
|[[File:Award-tankrescuer.png]]||'''Tank Rescuer''' Defended* friendly ground unit. ''*Destroy an enemy player that recently dealt critical damage to a friendly ground unit.''
|-
| NO IMAGE ||'''Tanks Hunter''' Destroyed at least 5 tanks or tank destroyers.
|-
| NO IMAGE ||'''Tanks' Nightmare''' Destroyed at least 10 tanks or tank destroyers.
|-
|[[File:Award-teamwork.png]]||'''Teamwork''' The award for destroying enemy vehicles by any member of a squad. It is given to all members of the squad who were near the squadmate that destroyed an enemy unit. The distance between squad members shouldn't be greater than 1000 m for two aircraft, or 3000 m for an aircraft and a tank, and not greater than 100 m for squad members on tanks.
|-
|[[File:Award-terror of the ocean.png]]||'''Terror of the Ocean''' Destroyed the most ships in Naval Battles. Can't be more than 11 ships. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|[[File:Award-terror of the sea.png]]||'''Terror of the Sea''' Destroyed the most ships in Naval Battles. Can't be fewer than 12 ships. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|[[File:Award-terrorofthesky.png]]||'''Terror of the Sky''' Destroyed the most aircraft in Air Battles. If several players have equal number of destroyed targets, the award is given to the one with bigger score. Can't be more than 11 aircraft. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|[[File:Award-thebestsquad.png]]||'''The Best Squad''' It is given to the squad that earned more {{Annotation|squad streaks|Supporting Fire and Teamwork}} during the match than the other teams.
|-
|[[File:Award-thelastmanstanding.png]]||'''The last man standing!''' The last player remaining in the mission.
|-
|[[File:Award-thunderer.png]]||'''Thunderer''' Destroyed more AI ground targets than any other player in the mission. The number of destroyed ground targets must be at least 18 or more than any other player in both teams (Ships and any other naval targets will not be taken into account). Can't be fewer than 18 AI targets. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|[[File:Award-tsunami.png]]||'''Tsunami''' Destroyed the most AI water units. Can't be fewer than 18 AI units. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|[[File:Award-WaterTroopsRescuer.png]]||'''Water Troops Rescuer''' Defended friendly water troops.
|-
|[[File:Award-wingbreaker.png]]||'''Wing Breaker''' Destroyed the most air targets in tank battles (at least 5 enemy aircraft have been shot down whilst driving ground vehicles). No multiplier.
|-
|[[File:Award-wingman.png]]||'''Wingman''' Having the most assists in destroying enemy vehicles (8 or more). If several players have equal number of assists, the award is given to the one with bigger score. Can't be fewer than 8 assists. Multiplier: RB (x2), SB (x3).
|-
|}

=== Streaks ===
Can be obtained several times per match.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:Award-DoubleStrike.png]]||'''Double strike!''' Destroyed vehicles of 2 players in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-TripleStrike.png]]||'''Triple strike!''' Destroyed vehicles of 3 players in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-MultiStrike.png]]||'''Multi strike ×X!''' Destroyed vehicles of 4 players or more in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-GroundTripleStrike.png]]||'''Triple strike! (ground)''' Destroyed 3 ground units in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-GroundMultiStrike.png]]||'''Multi strike ×X! (ground)''' Destroyed 4 ground units or more in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-WaterDoubleStrike.png]]||'''Double strike! (naval)''' Wrecked 2 ships in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-WaterTripleStrike.png]]||'''Triple strike! (naval)''' Wrecked 3 ships in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-WaterMultiStrike.png]]||'''Multi strike ×X! (naval)''' Wrecked 4 ships or more in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-AssistsStreak.png]]||'''Assist streak: ×X!''' Assisted allies in destroying enemy vehicles X times in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-BaseCapturerStreak.png]]||'''Base capturer streak: ×X!''' Reward for capturing base X times in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-ShadowStrikeStreak.png]]||'''Shadow strike streak: ×X!''' Reward for destroying an enemy vehicle without getting yourself hit X times in a row.
|-
|[[File:Award-professional.png]]||'''Professional: xN''' Reward for destroying 5 vehicles in a single life. Each kill after the 5th, rewards the player with another Professional Award (i.e. 7 kills without dying would reward the player with 3 Professional Awards.)
|-
|[[File:Award-oneshot.png]]||'''Without a miss''' 
Reward for destroying of three or more enemies, in which all your shells hit the enemy. Destroying the enemy with one hit is not required, just don't miss. A series of three kills will bring one reward, of four kills two, and so on. Reward is given only when playing on ground vehicles, and score is affected by all shots made by the player and the destruction of enemies by artillery (artillery misses do not count). 
'''Reward''': 200 {{sl}} for the first three kills, and then +200 {{sl}} for each additional ×1 to the series over three.
|-
|}

[[Category:Achievements]]

Talk:M4A5

2021-05-12T15:39:23Z

U78418905: Created page with "== M4A5 is not Ram II == M4A5 was the name for the Canadian Grizzly (a Sherman), if it had gone into US service. It never had any connection with the Ram tank series. From C..."

== M4A5 is not Ram II ==

M4A5 was the name for the Canadian Grizzly (a Sherman), if it had gone into US service. It never had any connection with the Ram tank series. From Canadian WW2 tank expert H. Skaarup:

http://silverhawkauthor.com/ironsides-canadian-armoured-fighting-vehicle-museums-and-monuments_268.html

"The US Army had seven main sub-designations for M4 variants during production: M4, M4A1, M4A2, M4A3, M4A4, M4A5, and M4A6. These designations did not necessarily indicate linear improvement: for example, A4 was not meant to indicate it was better than the A3. These sub-types indicated standardized production variations, which were in fact often manufactured concurrently at different locations. The sub-types differed mainly in engines, although the M4A1 differed from the M4 by its fully-cast upper hull; the M4A4 had a longer engine system that required a longer hull, a longer suspension system, and more track blocks; M4A5 was an administrative placeholder for Canadian production; and the M4A6 had an elongated chassis, but fewer than 100 of these were produced."

It makes no sense a Ram would be an M4-anything, as it was built up from an M3.

15cm sIG 33 B Sfl

2020-06-06T15:12:34Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_sturmpanzer_II}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. Based on the Panzer II chassis, it mounted a 150 millimeter cannon and was used during the North African campaign.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The Sturmpanzer II does have enough armour to stop low BR tank rounds, however it should not be relied upon to stop High Velocity or High Penetration rounds, especially from other SPGs. It is an open topped vehicle, and since it has no machine guns, it is very vulnerable to air attack.

Despite having very little armor, it does have a lot of empty space in the tank to resist multiple penetrating hits before being destroyed. However, it is hull-breakable against 75mm or larger guns with sufficient AP velocity or HEAT capability.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 220|rbMinHp= 137|}}

The Sturmpanzer II can go up to 45 km/h, but due to the low power-to-weight ratio of 17.04 hp/ton in AB and 9.74 hp/ton in RB, the practical top speed is significantly less. Reverse speed is decent, up to -8.4 km/h. Has a decent turning capability when moving at higher speeds. When stopped it can barely turn do to its weight.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|SIG 33 (150 mm)}}

The Sturmpanzer II mounts a S.I.G. 33 Infantry Support cannon, which can fire HEAT or HE rounds. The shell velocity is very slow (240m/s), so slow that it can be awkward to target moving targets or those at long ranges, especially with HE rounds. The calibre of the gun is 15 cm (150 mm/5.9 in). The Sturmpanzer does not have any other weapons.

The J.Gr.38 HE shell penetrates 65 mm against vertical armour and 60 mm against armour sloped back 60 degrees from vertical (30 degrees from horizontal), due to it having similar mechanics to naval Guns of the same calibre. The 8.6 kg explosive mass ensures that anything that gets penetrated is instantly knocked out or is so badly crippled that a follow-up shot is guaranteed.

- Note: the HE on this is so powerful that it can even one-shot top rank tanks reliably, but due to the huge mobility disadvantage, this is not recommended unless you know exactly what you are getting yourself into.

The J.Gr.39 HI/A HEAT shell penetrates 185 mm against vertical armour and still has a 4.16 kg TNT equivalent of explosives behind it, giving it effectively 40-45 mm penetration from the explosion splash on top of the HEAT superplastic copper jet penetration. In one of the minor updates of the game, 120mm and larger HEAT rounds were altered to act more like HE shells to benefit top rank vehicles - tanks such as the Sturmpanzer are unintentional beneficiaries of this change.

== Usage in battles ==


The Sturmpanzer has no air defence weapons, therefore partnering with an SPAA tank at the back of the map is a viable option. For those operators who prefer to close-range brawl with other low-tier tanks, then sticking with another tank is a good idea, mainly due to the long reload time, allowing your partner tank to help fend off any enemy advancers. It has the capability to knock out much higher battle rated tank, so if you're up-tiered, there is still a good chance of survival. However, it is imperative to get a shot off first, because if you come across a higher tier tank, there may not be a second chance. Stay on the move after firing, fall back to safety to reload and then reengage. Another tactic is to try facing down a street while partly undercover. The Sturmpanzer is a relatively small vehicle and many beginning players will not notice the tank, especially if only part of the vehicle is exposed. Patiently wait for an easy target to turn onto the street then fire before they realize where they are being fired from. It is critical to remember the shell drop of the tank cannon after being fired, compared to other tanks, the shell drop is significant over any distance. It is advisable to always fire just above where other tanks would typically target to allow for shell drop and hitting of the enemy vehicle were intended instead of lower than expected.

Due to the huge HE splash ability and sheer calibre of the gun, it can even be used to hull break high-rank IFVs - BMP-1s at 7.3 are especially common to encounter. It does the same thing to BMP-2s, M3 Bradleys, Warriors, Centauros, and many other vehicles. The HE splash, however, is strong enough that it can one-shot the light, but non-hull-breakable vehicles such as the M41A1 Bulldog, any AMX-13 variation, Crusaders in lower ranks, and many others. Purposely up-tiering it can be a very effective way to earn Silver Lions with the "God Mode!" award - destroying an enemy vehicle 5.0 BR ranks higher (BR 7.0+) than you which nets 20,000 Silver Lions.
===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
!Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|
|-
|}
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has the most powerful gun in the game at its rank
* Excels when up-tiered, only starts to become obsolete when newer main battle tanks arrive
* Can survive hits it will take from rank 1 tanks
* Can make a fair turn at speed when driving along
* Low profile and small front make it easy to hide and easy to camouflage with bushes
* Speedy for its size and gun caliber
* Can withstand a few blows on the front armour

'''Cons:'''

* Reload means it is inadequate for close-range combat without allied support
* HE and HEAT are both stopped by various soft debris found on most maps such as fences, concrete blocks, brick walls, wood objects, etc.
* Open-topped and very vulnerable to aircraft as a result
* Very slow at turning
* Limited firing arc
* Easily penetrated and immobilized by machine guns (M2, M3A1, etc) and also the guns of light tanks
* When firing gives significant recoil
* Almost certain you will be destroyed if flanked by enemy without allied support

== History ==
During the Battle of France, the 9 foot tall 15 cm sIG 33 (Sf) auf Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf B was found to be way too heavy and tall for the Panzer 1 chassis. So when Field Marshal Erwin Rommel needed SPGs were needed to support his armor in North Africa, methods for mounting the sIG 33 on the Panzer 2 were explored.

The first prototype was built on a plain Panzer 2 chassis but due to space issues it was widened and lengthened and an extra roadwheel was added. Another difference is that it used a Büssing-NAG L8V engine instead of the original Maybach HL62 TRM. 12 were built at the end of 1941 and were shipped off to Rommel the next year where they fought until the Axis surrender in Tunisia in 1943. The British found 6 abandoned and dismantled in a tank workshop.

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:15cm slG 33 B Sfl.jpg|thumb|250px|15cm slG 33 B Sfl]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|iE4wTuJbe2I|'''The Shooting Range #40''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 02:43 discusses the Sturmpanzer II.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

Talk:T-26

2020-05-18T18:40:09Z

U78418905: Created page with "===== Ammo rack check ===== I'm not sure who figures out the order of expenditure on ammo racks, but the diagram and numbers don't match the current X-ray. By my count there'..."

===== Ammo rack check =====

I'm not sure who figures out the order of expenditure on ammo racks, but the diagram and numbers don't match the current X-ray. By my count there's 49 out of 205 in the turret, meaning you'd be "turret clear" at 156.

M3A3 Stuart (France)

2020-05-02T19:27:56Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=fr_m3a3_stuart}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 406|rbMinHp= 232}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Advise about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

=== Additional armament ===
''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Machine guns ===
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
The US Lend-Leased a total of 651 light tanks to the Free French forces, including 273 M3A3s, delivered prior to D-Day. All the light tanks of 2nd French Armoured Div. were M3A3s during the 1944 fighting in France. 1st and 5th Divisions had a mix of M3A3 and M5A1. Three of the five armored recon battalions integral to the Free French infantry divisions also had a mixed fleet, while the 2 non-divisional armoured recon battalions, the 1st and 2nd Spahis Algeriens, were entirely M3A3-equipped. They would continue in service from D-Day until the end of the war in Europe.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France light tanks}}

Crusader Mk.II (France)

2020-05-02T19:18:55Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=fr_crusader_mk_2}}
{{About
| about = light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = British version
| link = Crusader Mk II
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Machine gun mantlet, Driver's port)
* Structural steel (Side skirts)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 20 mm (33°) ''Front plate'' 9 mm (78-85°), 20 mm (61°) ''Front glacis'' 20 mm (27-64°) ''Lower glacis'' 18 mm (1°) ''Driver's port'' || 14 + 4 mm || 14 mm (44-51°) ''Top'' (14-51°) 14 mm ''Bottom''|| 7 mm
|-
| Main Turret || 30 mm (11°) ''Turret front'' 30 mm (6-58°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 14 mm (40-49°) || 17 + 12.7 mm (36°) ''Top'' 9 mm (66°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Secondary Turret || 30 mm (1-32°) ''Turret front'' 20 mm (3-67°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 30 mm (1-3°) || 30 mm (5-6°) || 9 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 527|rbMinHp= 301}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|QF 2-pounder (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm QF 2-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 110 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 34.27 || 47.40 || 55.77 || 62.89 || 67.76 || rowspan="2" | 3.64 || rowspan="2" | 3.30 || rowspan="2" | 3.00 || rowspan="2" | 2.80
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 21.40 || 25.20 || 29.63 || 33.41 || 36.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 72 || 68 || 52 || 37 || 27 || 19
|-
| Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T || APCBC || 88 || 83 || 64 || 46 || 33 || 24
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 80 || 78 || 67 || 56 || 47 || 40
|-
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 66 || 62 || 49 || 36 || 26 || 20
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 792 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T || APCBC || 792 || 1.24 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 853 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 792 || 1.08 || 1.2 || 9.0 || 19 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Crusader_Mk_II.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the [[Crusader Mk II]].]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''110''' || 89 ''(+21)'' || 67 ''(+43)'' || 45 ''(+65)'' || 23 ''(+87)'' || 1 ''(+109)'' || No
|-
|}

Turret & center empty: 45 ''(+65)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Hull || 4,950 (225) || 600 || ±10° || ±50°
|-
| Coaxial || 3,375 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Crusader Mk II is a quite effective low-range light tank, it is equipped with a fast firing 40mm cannon, which is excellent at taking out tanks with a cramped interior and the crew close to each other, very fast reload, gun stabilization and its good handling makes up for shell doing not so much damage because of lack of the good explosive filler compared to other tanks in its battle rating range and even the last unlockable shell can take out enemy tanks so easily.

Since it is a light tank it does not have so much armour, driving and fighting in the open field should be avoided whatever it is possible, unless there is enough of cover or the terrain shaped in a way so it is possible to use the hull down tactics at which this tank excels, because of its very low profile, excellent good elevation and the turret shape which makes it hard to hit.

The combination of manoeuvrability, quite high speed and good acceleration makes it good at flanking and rushing the enemy positions, max speed could seem to be inferior to other light tanks and make think that it is not a good tank, but it is compensated by its acceleration, it can get to the high speed very fast and the turning ability is very good at any speed, except for moving in the same place, tank is also very stable and pleasant to drive.

Any frontal engagement with the enemy SPAAG units should be avoided, it can work only at the long distance and when flanking them. Dealing with other light tanks should not be an issue, the 40 mm cannon lacks in accuracy but the reload speed if fast and hitting the target should not be an issue at the close distance. Fighting against the medium tanks and other bigger vehicles could be a problem, against them is always required to know the crew position in the enemy tank and aim for them and since all available shells do not a lot of damage in most cases only one crew member will be falling unconscious, this means destroying the medium tank can take a lot of time and make you and your position exposed to the enemy team, long range engagements against them should be avoided.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T
| Smoke grenade
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 5 man crew
* Frontal armour can bounce the enemy shells when shot from certain angle
* High penetration 2 pdr cannon
* Low profile
* Very good acceleration with good handling
* Additional 4mm side skirts
* Smoke grenades which can be fired one at the time

'''Cons:'''

* Overall weak armour
* Low maximum speed
* Most of shells have no explosive filler and can have trouble killing larger tanks, pinpoint shots are needed
* Crew is packed together, can be one-shotted easily by large calibre shells, notably the early Pz.IV models
* Flat surface on the front turret armour
* Any tank with a respectable gun will be able to penetrate and destroy the Crusader easily

== History ==

===Development===
In 1938, the General Staff of the British Army requested for a cruiser tank that was lighter and more affordable than the heavier A16 cruiser design developed by Nuffield Mechanizations & Aero. One of these designs was the designation ''Tank, Cruiser Mk.V'' based off the [[A13 Mk I|A13 cruiser tanks]], named the "Covenanter", and Nuffield was invited to become part of its development team, but they refused due to interest in developing their own cruiser tank. Their tank was designated the '''Tank, Cruiser Mk.VI Crusader''' and fell under the General Staff specification of ''A15''. The Crusader was a parallel design to the Covenanter, but was ready six weeks earlier than the Covenanter despite starting at a later time. The Crusader was adopted into service with the British Army in 1941 and the 5,300 units were manufactured between 1940 to 1943.

===Design===
The Crusader features a new design that differs from its cruiser tank predecessors. The Christie suspension system on the Crusader had five road wheels for it instead of the usual four, which improves weight distribution of the increased 20 ton weight of the Crusader compared to the 14 tons of the A13 cruisers. The engine, steering system, and cooling system on the Crusader was different as well, but the Covenanter and Crusader use the same main turret. The polygonal shape of the turret gives the crew inside more room for the turret ring diameter.

The Crusader Mk.I and '''Mk.II''' were equipped with the 2-pounder, which was aimed by the gunner inside with a padded shaft that allows them to elevate the gun by simply adjusting his own height. Later in the war where an up-gun of the tank armament was necessary and newer tanks such as the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] was delayed, the Crusader was upgraded into the ''[[Crusader Mk III]]'' variant with a 6-pounder instead, which restricted turret space, requiring the turret crew to be reduced from three to two. These saw first action the Second Battle of El Alamein in October 1942.

===Combat Usage===
The Crusader first saw action at North Africa, right after the British had been pushed back to the Egyptian border by Axis forces. The Crusaders were part of the huge shipment in the Malta Convoys to reequip the British forces there. Enough Crusaders arrive that the entire 6th Royal Tank Regiment was refitted with them, which joined up with the 2nd Royal Tank Regiment to form the 7th Armoured Brigade "Desert Rats". The brigade's first action was in Operation Battleaxe, though it was delayed due to adapting the tanks for the desert environment. The operation, which called for the relieve of the siege of Tobruk in June, was initiated in June to which 11 Crusader tanks were lost to anti-tank guns, plus many more to mechanical faults. While more Crusader tanks came in to reinforce the cruiser tank forces, there were never enough to supply the continuously expanding armoured units as 7th Brigade was combine with the 7th Hussars, the 2nd Armoured Brigade was added to the 7th Armoured Division, and the 8th Hussars was combined with the 4th Armoured Brigade. Overall, the Crusaders proved effective in the North African Campaign, the Crusader was faster than any tanks on the opposing side and the 2-pounder was lethal to the [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]], but the tank suffered from its thin armour, mechanical problems in the desert, and the growing deficiency of the 2-pounder, which didn't have enough range to destroy farther tanks. The Crusader design also caused the ammo racks on the tank to easily ignite due to unprotected racks and shot traps on the turret design. Anti-tank guns continue to be the main reason the Crusader units suffer losses, rather than to enemy tanks.

By the end of 1941, only the 2nd Armoured Brigade retained the Crusaders, the rest of the other tank units were being refitted with better tanks, such as the [[Grant I|M3 Grant medium tank]] from the American Lend-Lease. Crusader units were also refitted with the more powerful Crusader Mk.III with the 6-pounder, which improved the Crusader's ability to destroy the gradually stronger German tanks. After General Bernard Montgomery took command of the British Army in 1942, more British tank units were reequipped with the Grant and [[M4|M4 Sherman]] tanks while the Crusaders were relegated from the front-lines to "light squadrons" meant to flank the enemy and attacked at its exposed sides. When the British 1st Army engaged the Axis at Tunisia, some tank regiments still use Crusaders mixed in with [[Valentine Mk I|Valentine tanks]]. These units in the 26th Armoured Brigade, code named "Blade Force", worked alongside the 78th Infantry Division as an independent armoured column. During Tunisia, the 1st Army was already converting the tank regiments into Shermans, but the 8th Army continued to use the Crusaders for much longer, which would see use at the Battle of Wadi Akarit and Mareth Line.

After the North African Campaign, the Crusaders no longer saw any use in the front-lines and were used in other roles such as gun tractors with 17-pounders or anti-aircraft mounts such as the ''[[Crusader AA Mk I|Crusader AA Mk I]]'' and ''[[Crusader AA Mk II|Mk II]]'' Some Crusader tanks equipped the tank regiments that stayed back at the British Homelands such as the 11th Armoured Division.

===Survivors===
About 21 Crusaders still exist intact in various parts of the world. The most notable places with the Crusaders are South Africa with 8 known survivors, a running [[Crusader Mk III]] at Bovington Tank Museum at England, and an anti-aircraft version at Musée des Blindés in France.

=== French service ===
The 1st Free French Tank Company was equipped with 14 Crusaders in October, 1942. Each section of 3 had 2 Crusader IIs and 1 Crusader III. They would use these vehicles until May, 1943.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France light tanks}}

B1 ter

2019-12-30T15:49:43Z

U78418905: /* Description */ ter stands for tertiaire, not terminal

{{Specs-Card
|code = fr_b1_ter
}}
{{About
|about=premium heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=the standard version
|link=B1 bis
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' (Battle tank B1 "tertiaire") is a gift Rank {{specs|rank}} French heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]]. With the best armour at its BR, this tank is a beast in long-range engagements since it is hard to penetrate at distances. While not having the best armament, it should do the job taking care of these dangerous early SPGs and light tanks. The "ter" suffix to its name is an abbreviation for the french word "tertiaire" which means "third", referring to the series, just as the "bis" suffix identified the previous second B1 production series. Its most noticeable features from its predecessor ([[B1 bis]]) are an increased horizontal traverse for the hull gun, thicker armour and an extra crew member.

This tank's mobility won't allow you to position fast enough. Taking time is the only way to get where you want safely. Since this tank is pretty long and narrow, do not engage in cramped spaces since you will not be allowed to manoeuvre as you wish. You reverse speed won't allow you to retreat if things get bad around you, stay behind the front-lines, making good use of your armour.

In order to effectively use this tank's armour, there is a few things to consider. First of all, there is some shot traps,most noticeably the turret ring and the hull gun mount. In order to minimize your enemies' chance to hit these weak spots, stay away from them. Second, even if your armour is ''very strong'' for the BR, do not completely rely on it by sitting around in an open field: you will eventually get hit where it hurts. The third thing to consider is your small and thick turret: hide that big clumsy hull behind a hill and pop out only your hard "head", take a shot, fall back, reload, repeat. If something goes wrong (i.e. getting shot in the turret ring), there is usually enough men left to take the job left by their knocked out crew. Do not bother getting spotted: it is your job to stay in the enemies' sights while your lighter teammates do what they ought to. In some situations, it can even be used as a breakthrough tank, rely on your own experience to guess when it is time to do so.

With the same gun as most other rank 2 French tanks, the B1 ter will never be recognized for having a fearsome armament: penetration rates are even lower than most reserve tanks while reload time is twice as long (a known feature of early French tanks). The turreted armament is only good at firing light targets such as SPGs and light tanks. Elevation and depression angles are ''amazing'' but turret sewing rate is a bit slow: this tank has been designed to be hull-down. As for the hull-mounted gun, it should only be used as a close range defence device, as it has poor penetration rates and high drop. Exposing your hull-mounted gun for long range engagements does not only makes you vulnerable, it is also mostly ineffective.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)'

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (18-42°) ''Front glacis'' 70 mm (48°) ''Lower glacis'' 70 + 70 mm (3-29°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 55 (0-43°) + 55 mm, 50 + 55 mm (23-28°) ''Top and front side border'' 70 mm (21-27°) ''Center'' 20 mm ''Bottom'' || 25 mm (65°) ''Top'' 55 mm (1°) ''Center'' 55 mm (46°) ''Bottom'' || 25 mm 8 mm ''Engine grille'' 22 + 25 mm ''Track cover''
|-
| Turret || 56 mm (0-46°) ''Turret front'' 56 mm (1-85°) ''Gun mantlet'' 56 mm (0-49°) ''Machine gun cover''|| 56 mm (5-19°) || 56 mm (18-19°) 38.1 mm (18°) ''Turret hatch'' || 30 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 48 mm || 30 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Turret ring armour is 25 mm thick.

Due to the extremely heavy frontal armor, one should try to use mobility to flank the B1. However, if that isn't possible, you'll want to try and hit the "mailslot" of the turret ring. It may be a tricky shot, but there's only ~40 mm of armor there. When flanking ,it is preferable to go for the right side of the tank as is is filled with ammo and fuel.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 36.6 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 33 (AB)
|-
|31 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|452
|556
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|310
|350
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|12.35
|15.19
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|8.47
|9.56
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|SA35 L/17 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[SA35 L/17 (75 mm)|75 mm SA35 L/17]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 90 || -4°/+9° || -7°/+5° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Mle1910M || APHE || 57 || 55 || 52 || 47 || 44 || 37
|-
| Mle1915 || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Mle1910M || APHE || 500 || 6.4 || 1.2 || 25 || 90 || ° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Mle1915 || HE || 500 || 5.6 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 740 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the {{specs|pseudonym}}.|350px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |11th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |12th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |13th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |14th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |15th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |16th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''90''' || 84 ''(+6)'' || 80 ''(+10)'' || 77 ''(+13)'' || 75 ''(+15)'' || 71 ''(+19)'' || 68 ''(+22)'' || 53 ''(+37)'' || 39 ''(+51)'' || 36 ''(+54)'' || 34 ''(+56)'' || 32 ''(+58)'' || 27 ''(+63)'' || 21 ''(+69)'' || 19 ''(+71)'' || 8 ''(+82)'' || 1 ''(+89)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|SA35 L/32 (47 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[SA35 L/32 (47 mm)|47 mm SA35 L/32]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 60 || ±18° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 5.90 || 8.20 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 5.90 || 7.00 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert Qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace Qualif.
|-
| 9.80 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Mle1935 || APC || 69 || 67 || 57 || 48 || 27 || 24
|-
| Mle1935 HE || HE || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Mle1935 || APC || 660 || 1.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Mle1935 HE || HE || 590 || 1.4 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 143 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''60''' || 49 ''(+11)'' || 37 ''(+23)'' || 15 ''(+45)'' || 11 ''(+49)'' || 7 ''(+53)'' || 5 ''(+55)'' || 3 ''(+57)'' || 1 ''(+59)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,000 (150) || 1,350 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Char B1, upon playing it for the first time will be slow in both acceleration, max speed and turret rotation speed. The Hull gun is usable, while not being very suitable for this tank's main role. The best way to play the B1 ter is to hold down a position, preferably hull down (as its turret is thick and small, it will ricochet most shots it will take). Playing the B1 ter rightly, there is only 3 ways to get outplayed:

* Being outflanked by a light tank
* The enemy has been lucky enough to get a shot through a shot trap
* Meeting a ''dangerous'' gun (see [[B1 ter#Specific enemies worth noting|Specific enemies worth noting]])

All light tanks are dangerous as they can easily outflank you if they get too close, shoot them down before it happens. Also, do not engage medium and heavy tanks from the front as it is only a waste of efforts.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Overall good armour
** Very heavy frontal armour for its rank.
** Strong turret from the front
** Good at side-scraping (thick sides)
** Nearly impenetrable hull when angled
** Increased armour values all around from its predecessor (70 mm instead of 60 mm)
** Extra crew member
** Smaller turret ring than its predecessor
** No more weak "grille" and sides are no longer completely flat
** Top part of tracks is now shielded
* Decent firepower
** One of the best in-game depression (-18°, turret gun)
** Has 2 main armaments
** A rare feature on French tanks: it has APHE ammunition.
** MAC 31 coaxial MG
** Turret gun has LOCK, which makes stop-and-shoot tactics effective.
** Hull gun has better horizontal traverse than its [[B1 bis|bis]] version.
** Carries more ammo than the [[B1 bis|bis]]

'''Cons:'''

* Armour has many shot traps:
** Engine grille on left side is a 15 mm weak point, nullifies angling from this side.
** Fuel tank behind the grille lights up very often when penetrated.
** Large turret ring is weak (25-40 mm poorly sloped)
** Hull gun mount is a weak spot and can be penetrated by most guns of the rank.
** Crew is cramped
** Turret rear plate is only 38 mm thick
** Has a tall and "thin" cupola
** Literally has an hallway full of ammo in the back
** 8 mm grille above ammo and loader makes it vulnerable to aircraft HMG fire.
* Guns feel lacking
** Lacking penetration from both of its guns
** Abysmal traverse on 75 mm gun (~1° left to right)
** Slow reload on both guns
** Only stock ammo choices
** APHE shell won't detonate when shooting at light targets (25 mm or less armour)
** Hull gun is hard to master (not beginner-friendly)
* Mobility is sub par
** Not very mobile due to weight.
** Slow hull turning rate
** Reverse speed is low (-3km/h)
** Turret sewing rate is slower than its predecessor
** 4 tons heavier than its predecessor while sharing its engine.
* Has a very noticeable and thick antenna sticking upwards.

== History ==

The Char B1 was one of the most produced and widely used indigenous French tank designs employed during the Invasion of France in 1940. The Char B1 came in three modifications, with the ter modification marking the third and final one. Each modification brought with it several changes that would improve the design’s overall performance, from the installation of more powerful engines, over enhanced armour protection and anti-tank capabilities to increased ammunition count. Although the Char B1’s development began as early as the mid 1920s, the B1ter version was conceived around the same time the Char B1bis entered serial production, in 1937.

Compared to the B1bis, the ter modification featured thicker frontal armour protection, going up to 75mm. Apart of the extra armour, the B1ter was also equipped with a more powerful 350 hp engine as well as a different transmission and received space for an additional crew member too. These changes increased the weight of the vehicle up to 36.6 tonnes, but also made the planned production process a lot easier, faster and most importantly, cheaper. The first prototype of the Char B1ter was constructed and shown off to French military officials in 1937, with testing and production approval following in May 1940. However, at that point, it was a case of too little too late for the Char B1ter. Three further prototypes were constructed before France capitulated in June 1940, with efforts to evacuate the prototypes from France ultimately failing, as the ship transporting the vehicles was sunk by a German air raid on 21 June 1940.

''-From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5161-development-char-b1ter-a-blast-from-the-past-en Devblog]''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5161-development-char-b1ter-a-blast-from-the-past-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Char B1ter: A Blast From The Past]

{{France heavy tanks}}
{{France premium ground vehicles}}

M4A5

2019-12-03T03:01:51Z

U78418905: /* Ammo racks */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m4a5_ram_2}}
{{About
| about = American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses of the designation
| link = M4 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M4A5.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.61 "Road to Glory"]]. The first Canadian tank added into War Thunder, the Ram II was an attempt by the Canadians to produce their own turreted tank with the [[M3 Lee|M3 Medium]] chassis. The Ram can be called a "hybrid" between the M3 medium tanks and the [[M4|M4 Sherman]].

The M4A5 is quite a hybrid of traits from the British and American ground forces trees. The Ram is made up of the transmission, suspension, and engine from the American M3 Lee, the turret platform of an M4 Sherman, and the British [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder]] gun. Thus, in its place in Rank 2, the play style is akin to the M3 Lee's mobility with the power of a turreted tank. It should then be played like any standard American medium tank, with extra caution on the weak points presented on the front armour right next to the front machine gun turret.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Cast homogenous armour
*Rolled homogenous armour (Machine gun turret, Transmission, Lower side hull, Rear engine, Roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 88.9 mm (26-66°) ''Front glacis'' 50.8 mm (0-58°) ''Lower glacis'' 50.8 mm (12-87°) ''Driver's port'' || 63.5 mm (0-67°) ''Upper'' 38.1 mm ''Lower'' || 38.1 mm (0-64°) ''Top'' <br. 38.1 mm (0-52°) || 38.1 mm 25.4 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Turret || 60.325 mm (22-26°) ''Turret front'' 69.85 (0-71°) + 38.1 mm ''Gun shield'' 44.45 + 63.5 mm''Gun mantlet'' || 69.85 - 76.2 mm (0-70°) || 69.85 mm (0-58°) || 38.1 mm
|-
| Machine gun turret || 63.5 + 50.8 mm || 63.5 mm || 63.5 mm || 50.8 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 22.2 + 50.8 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 17 mm thick.
* 8 mm RHA plate separating the engine and crew compartment.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 29.5 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 44 (AB)
|-
|40 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|620
|763
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|354
|400
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|21.02
|25.86
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|12.00
|13.56
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|57 mm OQF 6-pounder Mk.III]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 92 || -7.5°/+20° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 11.9 || 16.5 || 20.0 || 22.1 || 23.5
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 5.20 || 4.60 || 4.24 || 4.00
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Shot Mk.5 || AP || 101 || 100 || 83 || 67 || 51 || 45
|-
| Shell Mk.10 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9
|-
| Shot Mk.5 HV || AP || 112 || 111 || 92 || 74 || 57 || 50
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APC || 94 || 92 || 83 || 72 || 63 || 52
|-
| Shot Mk.9 || APCBC || 113 || 112 || 100 || 90 || 84 || 80
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.5 || AP || 807 || 2.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.10 || HE || 655 || 2.7 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 590 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shot Mk.5 HV || AP || 853 || 2.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APC || 853 || 2.9 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.9 || APCBC || 801 || 3.2 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_M4A5.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the M4A5 Ram II.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''92''' ||83 (9)||74 (18)||62 (30)||49 (43)||33 (59)||1 (91)|| style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}
Turret clear: 74

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,480 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,480 (250) || 500 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Hull turret''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,480 (250) || 500 || -8°/+60° || -120°/+50°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" |Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks||
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive||Shot Mk.5 HV
|-
| II
| Suspension||Brake System
| FPE
| Shot Mk.8||Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters||
| Crew Replenishment
| Shot Mk.9||Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
| Transmission||Engine
|
| Artillery Support||
|-
|}

===Pros and cons===

'''Pros:'''

* Strong frontal armour, especially the upper glacis, 100+ mm of effective thickness
* Well armoured for the rank
* 63.5 mm of side armour, works well when angled
* 57 mm gun that can handle every foe it encounters
* Has .30 cal anti-aircraft defence
* Somehow adequate top armour
* Great mobility
* One of the few tanks that has all its machine guns modeled and working properly
* Relatively cheap in GE price
* Relatively easy to play in matches
* Extremely good at taking hits and creating distractions
* Very hard for contemporary enemy tanks to knock it out in one hit
* This tank will feel like home for M4A3E2 Jumbo players because of its similar play style
* Fast firing main gun (4 second completely aced out reload)
* Many unlockable camouflage options

'''Cons:'''

* Front armour has some weak spots due to unusual slopes
* Driver hatch is a prominent weak point on front armour
* Armour protecting the transmission is only 50.8 mm thick
* Only the upper hull sides are 63.5 mm thick, the lower part is still only 38.1 mm
* Gun mantlet has an average thickness
* 57 mm gun lacks explosive filler
* Slow reverse speed
* Very cramped turret, a single shot will likely disable all 3 crew members
* Most ammo racks are located below the turret and underneath the upper hull where it's only protected by 38.1 mm unangled armour
* Unlike the Sherman, which is equipped with a top-mounted .50 cal, this tank has a top mounted .30 cal

== History ==

===Development===
The aftermath of the Battle of France left the British military decimated as most of their equipment had to be left behind in their withdrawal at Dunkirk. Desperate for military equipment, particularly tanks, they requested from the U.S. to help produce the necessary vehicles to supplement the armoured forces. Canada further assisted the British with armoured vehicle production. The Canadian Pacific Railway’s Angus Shops were contracted to build 300 [[Valentine Mk I|Valentine tanks]] for the British, and later Canada themselves ordered 488 Valentines to build up their own tank forces. The Canadians realized that, in addition to the Valentines, they needed a cruiser tank to attack and exploit breakthroughs. Complications between adapting British designs to North American standards and the difference in material quality caused the Canadians to seek an American-derived cruiser tank rather than a British design.

The current standard U.S. tank at the time was the interim design [[M3 Lee|M3 Lee]]. With the 75 mm gun on a sponson rather than its own turret, the M3 Medium tank currently wasn’t a suitable candidate as the standard cruiser tank. In 1941, the Canadian Interdepartmental Tank Committee decided to use the M3 chassis as a foundation for a new and better, locally-produced design. The British took interest on this redesigning of the M3 Medium tank and sent a tank expert, L.E.Carr, to assist in the designing of the hull and turret. The hull itself was to be cast and the turret was designed around the expectations to mount the [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.V (57 mm)|6-pounder]] or the 75 mm gun. The name for the design was the '''Ram''', while the US would designate the Canadian models as the '''M4A5'''

Throughout the Ram’s designing and testing, the Canadians ran into problems due to their lack of inexperience in tank design as well as lacking the production lines suitable for the production of tank parts. Since the tank was derived from the M3, the production line required parts such as the transmission and engine that were being built in the USA, but which were required for US tank production, resulting in little surplus for Canadian use. The United States assisted in the production of the Ram by producing the pilot models and the Canadian Tank Arsenal was to be built by Montreal Locomotive Works, themselves a subsidiary of the American Locomotive Company who had experience building M3 tanks for the Americans.

The first prototype was produced in June 1941 and featured a full 360 degree traversable turret with a cast steel body, featuring the same powertrain and engine as the M3 it was derived from. The Ram was also adapted for British specifications with adaption to a right-hand drive and weaponry. Overall the Ram was also shorter than the M3. It also featured the side doors and a machine gun turret on the front, but these were removed in later versions. Production for the Ram started in November. Though intended to be fitted with the 6-pounder, the first 50 Rams produced used a 2-pounder due to lack of guns or mounts available for the Canadians. These were labelled ''Ram Mk.I''. By February 1942, the Ram design switched back to the 6-pounder, which was designated the '''Ram Mk.II''', production of which continued until July 1943. During that time span, about 2,032 Rams and its variants were produced.

===Combat history===
Unfortunately, by the time the Ram became battle-worthy for the front-lines, the Americans had started their mass-production of the [[M4|M4 Shermans]]. The M4 Sherman was by all means similar in automotive performance, but benefited by the mass-production of the American automotive industry. The Ram was designed primarily to give the M3 Medium a turret, and the arrival of the M4 made the design redundant, and obsolete. In March 1942, the Canadian government made the decision to switch all production lines to produce the [[M4A1|M4A1]], with the Ram production only continuing until the proper machinery was ready. The Ram never saw combat usage and was only used as a training vehicle in Britain until mid-1944.

The Ram never saw combat as a tank, but variants of it did. Many Ram tanks were converted into armoured personnel carriers known as the ''Kangaroo'', flamethrower vehicles known as the ''Badger'', artillery observation vehicles, ammunition carriers, armoured recovery vehicles, and anti-tank gun tractor. Its most combat-oriented variant was the ''Sexton'' self-propelled gun with the 25-pounder howitzer developed to support the infantry, though the Sexton was also produced by the chassis from the Grizzly design.

After World War II, the Netherlands were free to take possession of any Ram tanks in army dumps on their territory. The Dutch used these tanks to equip their first tank units, the 1st and 2nd Tank Battalions. The Rams were in a poor state from low maintenance and disuse so they received additional Rams from Britain in slightly better conditions in 1947. By 1950, most of the Rams were broken down and only 50 were available for use between the two battalions. They were all replaced, along with Shermans in their inventory, by the [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] tank in 1952. The Rams only usage past that was as static pillboxes on the IJssel line facing the Soviets in the Cold War.

===Legacy===
The Ram, unfortunately, went down in history as one of Canada’s war design failures, with the M4 Sherman being produced in parallel by the U.S. overtaking it. It is also a testament to the disparity in the industrial base between the two countries. The Ram could still be attributed to kick-starting Canadian production lines to be able to produce the M4A1 Shermans, which were designated the ''Grizzly''.

About 6 Ram tanks still survive today, with only 3 being the original tank design.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://warthunder.com/en/news/4164-development-m4a5-canadian-cadet-en/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> M4A5: Canadian Cadet]

{{USA medium tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

B-57A

2019-10-09T02:41:02Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=b-57
|cockpit=380311/1306416
}}
{{About
|about=American jet bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=Canberra (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].

The B-57A is an unarmed plane so survivability depends on the speed. Luckily the two Wright Aeronautical J65 turbojet engines provide enough thrust to out-speed many fighters. Maximum speed is 950 km/h for a fully upgraded variant and 902 km/h for a stock variant. As was mentioned manoeuvrability is the key, but be aware of pulling your nose down, because the airframe can survive only -6G. However, +12G is almost unreachable value for the vast majority of your opponents. These attributes allow doing very sharp and high-G turns. The payload is adequate. Of course, it´s not a B-29, but 9 x 500 lb bombs or 6 x 1,000 lb bombs can do a really nice job.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 926 || 903 || 13,716 || 59.2 || 59.9 || 24.5 || 23.1 || 850
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 960 || 946 || 13,716 || 57.2 || 58.0 || 39.3 || 32.0 || 850
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 990 || 450 || 320 || ~3 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 561 || < 523 || < 510 || No radiator
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 3265 kgf || No WEP
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Bombs}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* 9 x 500 lbs AN-M64A1 bombs (4,500 lb bombs)
* 6 x 1,000 lbs AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (6,000 lb bombs)

== Usage in battles ==

As for the B-57A have 2 powerful jet engine and no guns. The tactic for this bomber is simple. Start your game at the air and dive.
You will gain speed while you are diving. Hold the speed until you destroyed your target. After that, pull your head up to 60 degrees. Climb to 10,000-16,000 ft.

The 1,000 lbs are lovely base-destroyers, 3 x 1,000 lb bombs are enough for a single bombing-point in RB and SB, for a AB you need more bombs, a whole bomb-load is usually enough to destroy a bombing-point. In AB I recommend flying high as it is possible, in danger you can always use your top-speed to run away. In realistic battle, mode is very important to communicate with a team. Don´t be afraid of using a chat window, just write which one base you are heading. This can avoid a situation when multiple bombers are going to bomb the same target. If you are alone bomber in your team (or something went wrong), count that you are able to destroy 3 bases in 2 runs(With the 1,000 lb bombs, 3 bases in 3 runs with the stock payload).

The 500lbs (stock bomb-load) is also a great possibility. Use these if you want to destroy some land-targets as are tanks, destroyers or pillboxes. For all tanks and pillboxes, you need only 1 x 500 lb bomb, a single bomb can be used also for destroyers. In AB I wouldn't use ground-target bombing, but if you want to, keep eye on your speed value. Be prepared for enemies with a tunnel-vision (a condition, when the player focuses only on a single goal - shut down). However, RB is awesome for ground-units score-farming. Try to be accurate. To do so, it´s recommended to fly in the same line as is the targets move. Pre-aim slightly to track the future position of the ground unit.

Try to fly low to increase a hit-change (but not to low, bombs splash damage could blow you up - 400 m over the target is optimal). However be aware, the faster are you going the less accurate the aiming cross is. You need to compensate for this. Just practising can show you how to do it. To maximize exp and lion income attack big pillboxes (not moving target = easier to hit) or destroyers.
TIP: To combine tactical awareness and accurate bombing try the boom and zoom tactic. Copy the line of ships movement, drop to 500 -400 meters (enjoy your highest speed), bomb the target, pull into the almost vertical flight (70% angle), reach 2500-3000 meters, turn back, and dive on the target again. Keep in mind, that B-57 is not a dive bomber, so level the plane quickly. Also, be aware of -6G limit, just don't push the nose down aggressively.

To survive on the battlefield trying to keep out of fighters radius. But if the enemy finds you and is prepared to shoot you down, try these tips:

# Enemy is Boom & Zoom on you - let him come, prepare for a sharp turn, using your +12G resistance. Turn, when the enemy is within a 1km radius, almost no one can follow you in such an unexpected manoeuvre. It will buy you time, but try to disappear as soon as possible.
# Fighter on your 6 - only reaching the top-speed can save you. Only Mig-15s and Venoms (+ Sea Meteors in dive) can catch you. Find the clouds to shake them off. Don´t try to climb if any bomb is left in the bomb bay.
# Going to land, X enemy fighter is over the AF (airfield) - You have no chance to land. You can use the in-game chat to call for help, or grab things into your own hands. Be a bait, let the enemy fly on your 6 (of course in big enough distance) and Boom & Zoom over the AF. AA may shoot down the enemy. Keep calm and watch your speed, don´t let him catch you.
# The last plane in the team - if you left alone (out of bombs) and enemies are circling over the AF, go high as possible. But please, don´t restrain, if you don´t have ground-unit superiority.
# When the enemy plane/planes have landed - go and drop bombs on it.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair||Compressor
|
| EEMBC No.2 Mark 1
|-
| II
| ||
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair||Engine
|
|
|-
| IV
| G-Suit||
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast for its battle rating
* Decent acceleration
* Maneuvers well
* Powerful air brakes
* Climbs well even with a full payload
* High-speed limit allows for a speedy retreat

'''Cons:'''

* Unarmed (no offensive/defensive weapons)
* Medium payload
* Wing can be easily destroyed in dives
* Aircraft overheats at low altitudes
* Expensive to repair in comparison to many silver lions it can generate

== History ==
In 1951 the US Air Force was looking for a reliable assault aircraft, after the failure of the 1949 Martin XB-51 project. The English Electric Canberra was already known for its operational versatiity, flexibility, ease of handling, range and bombload. Martin accordingly contracted for the Canberra under licence. The first Canberra B.2 left Aldergrove, Northern Ireland on February 21, 1951 and crossed the Atlantic non-stop and without refuelling, becoming the first jet to do so, in 4 hours and 37 minutes.

The first eight B-57As were US conversions of this first prototype aircraft, with only some structural details adapted for US manufacturing. First flight was July, 1953. The initial pre-production models were followed by 67 RB-57A reconnaissance versions, with first deliveries to the USAF commencing in April, 1954.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/649 [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> B-57A Canberra]

{{USA jet aircrafts}}

F9F-8

2019-10-09T02:25:37Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=f9f-8
|cockpit = 75152/187257
}}
{{About
| about = American naval jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = F9F (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American naval jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 610 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|1,019||988|| {{Specs|ceiling}} ||33.7||34.3||17.4||15.9||500
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 610 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? ||500
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || 620 || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 950 || < 790 || < 510 || > ???
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 3120 kgf || No WEP
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 9.5 mm steel - in front of cockpit
* 8.5 mm steel - behind pilot
* 60 mm steel - armoured windscreen

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|AN/M3 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x AN/M3 20 mm cannon (190 RPG = 760 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|AIM-9B}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 х 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 х 1000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 х AIM-9B Sidewinder air-to-air missiles

== Usage in battles ==

First of your objective when you purchase this plane is to research as fast as you can the 20 mm cannons modifications. The F9F-8 default cannons get jammed in a quick burst.

This said don’t expect to defeat MiG-15 and MiG-17A very easily. The F9F-8 performs great defensing maneuvers and can keep up in turns with the MiGs (beware that doesn’t have the great acceleration that MiGs have).

This is not an air superiority aircraft, its main purpose is to support ground vehicles and planes.

The best tactics if you are new to this plane is to fly it like a F9F-2 or F9F-5 so stay near some allies and give them support.

* Never roll too hard over 750 km\h (466 mph) or the wings will explode
* Never execute maneuvers over –2 G or the wings will explode



===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" |Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair||Compressor
|
|
|
|-
| II
| New boosters||
| Airframe
| Offensive 20 mm||FLBC mk.1
|-
| III
| Wings repair||Engine
|
| New 20 mm cannons||
|-
| IV
| G-suit||
| Cover
| ||AIM-9B
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good bombload options
* Four 20 mm cannons can shred enemy aircraft and light ground targets
* Slightly better top speed than on the F9F Panther
* Can equip with AIM-9 Sidewinder guided missiles.
* Good roll rate over 800 km/h (497 mph)
* Faster than its predecessors

'''Cons:'''

* Bad turn time overall; even the Hawker Hunter can turn tighter in some scenarios
* Top speed is not great, but is not terrible either
* Can't equip rockets
* Cannot turn over -2G.
* Rips very very easily in turns and rolls
* Not good at retaining energy, have to be very strict in order to keep it
* Poor acceleration
* Guns tend to jam quickly without New 20mms upgrade

== History ==
It was Grumman's engineers who first thought of developing their successful F9F Panther fighter into a swept-wing variant. The resulting "Cougar" was a very new design in many ways. The fuselage, fin and rudder were the same, but the wings were completely new with a 35 degree sweep, and lacking the distinctive wingtip tanks of the Panther. The engine was also new, a Pratt and Whitney J48 with an extra 1000 kg of thrust over the previous J42. First flight was 20 September, 1951, with operational trials starting three months later. Squadron deliveries begain in November, 1952. 706 F9F-6s with the original engine were produced, and 168 of the F9F-7 which used the Allison J33 turbojet instead.

The F9F-8 was the final version. Its prototype's first flight was December, 1953. In this model the fuselage was lengthened 30 cm to increase the space for fuel tanks. Wings were also modified slightly and a nose radar was fitted.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/4239-development-f9f-8-cougar-a-perfect-predator-en/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> F9F-8 Cougar - A Perfect Predator]

{{USA jet aircraft}}

G.91 R/3 (Germany)

2019-10-09T02:16:18Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_g91_r3}}
{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = G.91 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_G.91 R3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 1065 || 1042 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.6 || 28.1 || 31.5 || 30 || 850
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 1097 || 1084 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.6 || 26 || 47.6 || 39 || 850
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 620 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 800 || < 650 || < 660 || N/A
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 2,190 kgf || 2,212 kgf
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===
''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.''

{{main|DEFA 552 (30 mm)}}

=== Suspended armament ===
''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AS-20|SNEB Type 23}}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional manoeuvrability, with very high roll and turn rates
* Effective suspended armament choices for ground strike
* Access to the [[AS-20|AS-20 Nord]] air-to-ground missile that can destroy any tank
* Two 30 mm DEFA cannons available
* Can carry 4 x AS-20 Nord missiles unlike most other jet fighters which only can carry two
* Small burst of 30 mm cannons is enough to fully destroy a plane especially in the head-on situations
* Has access to drag chute, its very effective for losing speed when landing on the small airfields
* The 30 mm cannons have very good penetration can destroy light tanks through the hull and other main battle tanks through the roof

'''Cons:'''

* Slower than most of its contemporaries
* Very fragile airframe
* Poor energy retention
* Fairly low ammo count for the guns means that you need to be conservative with your ammo
* Wing snaps off when sharply turning at speeds above 700 kph

== History ==
The G.91 'Small Sabre" entered service with the Luftwaffe in 1962 after winning the 1953 NATO light tactical support aircraft competition. That competition had called for a fighter that could carry 452 kg of ordnance, with a combat radius of 180 km assuming 10 mins over the target, with a cruising speed of at least 705 km/h and Mach 0.95 capability. It also had to be fully operational on grass and unprepared runways, with a take-off distance of 1100m. The R-3 was the Luftwaffe's version, with more powerful armament, two wingpoints and better avionics than the Italian Air Force's R-1s. Fifty R-3s were built in Italy starting in 1959 and another 294 were license-built in West Germany. It also received another 50 of the very similar R-4s after that order for Greece and Turkey fell through. The Luftwaffe also had 66 T-3 two-seat trainer models, 22 of which were built in Germany as well.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany jet aircraft}}

G.91 R/3 (Germany)

2019-10-09T02:14:16Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_g91_r3}}
{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = G.91 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_G.91 R3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 1065 || 1042 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.6 || 28.1 || 31.5 || 30 || 850
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 1097 || 1084 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.6 || 26 || 47.6 || 39 || 850
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 620 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 800 || < 650 || < 660 || N/A
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 2,190 kgf || 2,212 kgf
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===
''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.''

{{main|DEFA 552 (30 mm)}}

=== Suspended armament ===
''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AS-20|SNEB Type 23}}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional manoeuvrability, with very high roll and turn rates
* Effective suspended armament choices for ground strike
* Access to the [[AS-20|AS-20 Nord]] air-to-ground missile that can destroy any tank
* Two 30 mm DEFA cannons available
* Can carry 4 x AS-20 Nord missiles unlike most other jet fighters which only can carry two
* Small burst of 30 mm cannons is enough to fully destroy a plane especially in the head-on situations
* Has access to drag chute, its very effective for losing speed when landing on the small airfields
* The 30 mm cannons have very good penetration can destroy light tanks through the hull and other main battle tanks through the roof

'''Cons:'''

* Slower than most of its contemporaries
* Very fragile airframe
* Poor energy retention
* Fairly low ammo count for the guns means that you need to be conservative with your ammo
* Wing snaps off when sharply turning at speeds above 700 kph

== History ==
The G.91 'Small Sabre" entered service with the Luftwaffe in 1962 after winning the 1953 NATO light tactical support aircraft competition. That competition had called for a fighter that could carry 452 kg of ordnance, with a combat radius of 180 km assuming 10 mins over the target, with a cruising speed of at least 705 km/h and Mach 0.95 capability. It also had to be fully operational on grass and unprepared runways, with a take-off distance of 1100m. The R-3 was the Luftwaffe's version, with more powerful armament, two wingpoints and better avionics than the Italian Air Force's R-1s. Fifty R-3s were built in Italy starting in 1959 and another 294 were license-built in Germany. It also received another 50 of the very similar R-4s after that order for Greece and Turkey fell through. The Luftwaffe also had 66 T-3 two-seat trainer models, 22 of which were built in Germany as well.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany jet aircraft}}

T-26 (China)

2019-10-03T03:36:40Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_t_26_1940}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]]. It is identical to the Soviet [[T-26]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forward and backwards.''

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Advise about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

=== Machine guns ===
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Gun has good penetration and great post-penetration damage for its rank
* Massive ammo capacity
* Fairly steady gun platform

'''Cons:'''

* Poor armour
* Only 3 crew members packed tightly together, survivability is not great
* Weak engine, mobility suffers on inclines
* Very poor reverse speed of only -3 kph
* Currently is completely identical to the Soviet T-26 (default camouflage is the same), indistinguishable in Simulator Battles unless the alternative camouflage is purchased

== History ==
In 1937-39, a period of high tensions between the USSR and Japan, the Soviets provided 88 T-26 M33 tanks to China. The T-26, which along with the BT tanks would constitute three quarters of the Soviet tank force at the start of its own war with Germany in 1941, had been developed from and was very similar to the Vickers 6-ton tank, a model which China had previously bought from Britain, with 20 of those tanks, mostly the Vickers Mark E armed with a short 47mm gun, fighting with the 1st and 2nd Tank Battalions around Shanghai in 1937, where most had been lost to the Japanese. The T-26s that came after appear to have been radio-equipped. They were assigned to the 1st Tank Regiment, which had elements attached to the new 200th (Motorized) Division, the first such division in the Chinese army. The 200th Division, with at least nine T-26s, was deployed to Burma in the spring of 1942. Most of its tanks were believed lost in that campaign, although they acquitted themselves well. Other T-26 elements saw action in China proper. throughout the war.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China light tanks}}

Breda 501

2019-09-22T16:50:32Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=it_semovente_breda_501}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The Breda 501 represents a large and poorly-armoured target for any enemy vehicle. The crew members, barring the driver, are extremely exposed to machine gun fire and players will regularly find themselves being strafed into oblivion by aircraft.

The vehicles' internal modules are spread throughout, with the engine and ammo racks being placed high up at the rear behind only 8mm of armour. This makes it possible for the Breda to be immobilised entirely by machine-gun fire. As well as this, the Bredas' gun breech is totally exposed and rises above even the minimal side armour, making it incredibly easy to knock out from the sides.

The thickest armour on the vehicle is the 30mm gun shield and frontal plate. This protects from heavy machine guns, but does little to stop any kind of tank shell, making the Breda easy to penetrate even for lower-rank SPAA.

=== Mobility ===

As a wheeled vehicle the Breda 501 struggles on any kind of soft ground such as snow, sand and wet mud. It also cannot turn on the spot as a tracked vehicle can, making turning the vehicle around in a confined space extremely time-consuming when combined with its very slow reverse speed.

However the Breda does boast a high straight-line speed, and can easily hit 50km/h on flat smooth ground allowing it to outrun the majority of vehicles it faces. It can also corner quickly when moving forward, allowing it to zip around the streets of urban maps at high speed

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)|90 mm 90/53 mod.41]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 30 || -4°/+21° || ±45° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 9.7 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 6.5 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 7.8 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Granata Perforante da 90 || APCBC || 131 || 130 || 120 || 110 || 100 || 91
|-
| Granata da 90 || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.43 || APCBC || 158 || 156 || 146 || 134 || 123 || 114
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Granata Perforante da 90 || APCBC || 758 || 12.1 || 0.8 || 28 || 520 || ° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Granata da 90 || HE || 850 || 10.1 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 1 || ° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Granata Perforante mod.43 || APCBC || 773 || 11.1 || 0.8 || 28 || 180 || ° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)|8 mm Breda Mod. 38]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount (Rear left)''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,680 (24) || 600 || __° || __°
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount (Rear right)''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,680 (24) || 600 || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Breda 501 boasts a very effective high-velocity gun for its rank, offering high penetration and excellent post-penetration damage. This combines well with the vehicles' high top speed and allows players to quickly get into strong flanking positions early in the game. The Breda can heavily punish enemy vehicles from a variety of ranges in these positions.

The Breda can also be used in a more aggressive role on some urban maps. The 90mm gun has an excellent horizontal traverse range, meaning players can get their gun sighted round corners without fully exposing the vehicle. With a high top speed, the Breda can knock out enemy tanks before quickly disengaging, although players must beware of the slow reverse speed when planning an ambush.

The Breda can encounter BR 4.7 heavy tanks such as the Sherman Jumbo, whose thick, angled frontal armour presents a significant challenge. If possible the Breda should look to flank the Jumbo, where its gun can easily obliterate the US tank from the side. If forced to engage an angled Jumbo from the front, the Shermans' machine gun port represents a small weakspot. Aside from this, shots into the turret ring can penetrate the Jumbo, but this may not be reliable.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Excellent gun with a fast reload, good penetration and high explosive mass
* Wide horizontal gun traverse for a tank destroyer
* High top speed and excellent agility on flat hard ground

'''Cons:'''

* Very poor armour and exposed crew
* Machine guns only fire over the back of the vehicle, and are effectively useless
* Very poor mobility on soft ground, and no neutral turning

== History ==

The Italians had truck-mounted their heavy AA guns beginning in 1927 with the Autocannoni da 75/27, mounted on an unarmoured Ceirano chassis. 24 of these were manufactured and used during the Spanish Civil War, and some were still in service in the early stages of the North Africa campaign. The first Autocannone da 90/53 was a similar Lancia 3 RO 4x4 heavy truck with bolt-on frontal armour and the 90mm AA gun, and intended to be used as a dual-purpose anti-tank weapon as well. Somewhere around 50 may have been built, and they served throughout the Italian War, beginning in early 1942 with the 132nd Artillery Regiment in the Ariete Division. The Italians planned a change to the Breda Dovunque 6x6 truck in its place, which would have made the Breda 501 shown in game.

During the North African campaign, the Italian military quickly realized the effectiveness of their 90mm heavy AA cannon, commonly mounted on utility trucks. The cannon turned out to be just as good at dealing with enemy tanks as it was combating aircraft, being able to pierce the armor of virtually any allied tank it faced in the deserts of North Africa. However, whilst the mounting on truck chassis allowed the guns to be moved around with relative ease, the large silhouette and lack of armor protection heavily exposed these vehicles and their crews to even rifle-caliber fire, yet alone to shrapnel from nearby explosions. In 1942, the military top brass came up with a set of requirements for a new vehicle which would build up on the proven gun truck concept used in North Africa by increasing protection and mobility. The new vehicle would be designed as a dedicated SPG, intended solely to provide support to armored regiments in combating enemy tanks. Shortly after, the Breda company began work on a vehicle around those specifications. Breda based their new design on a chassis of an existing utility truck and added armor plating to the vehicle’s front and sides. The 90mm cannon would be installed in an open fighting compartment in the vehicle’s rear. In 1943, the prototype was finished and began undergoing testing as the Breda 501. Although the Breda 501 had successfully proven itself during testing, further development and potential mass production was hindered by Italy’s capitulation in late 1943. The project was ultimately cancelled with the signing of the armistice in late 1943 with only a couple prototypes of the Breda 501 being built of which none saw any combat use.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5899-development-breda-501-when-looks-deceive-en Devblog]''

== Media ==

Skin and Camouflages for the [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=it_semovente_breda_501 Breda 501] in Warthunder Live.

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5899-development-breda-501-when-looks-deceive-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Breda 501 - When Looks Deceive]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/434109-breda-501/ [Forum<nowiki>]</nowiki> Official Forum Thread for {{PAGENAME}}.]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}

Yak-30D

2019-09-18T03:16:44Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=yak-30d}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]]. The Yak-30 is the current top-rank Yak fighter aircraft in the USSR tech tree.

Lacking external ordinance, the Yak-30 is purely a fighter/bomber interceptor and excels in such a role.

Many people tend to ignore the Yak-30 for it's easier-to-grind contemporary, the [[La-15]]. Those who persist, however, are awarded a faster and more durable airframe (unlike that of the La-15); however, this comparison isn't entirely fair either. The La-15 is generally much more agile at lower speeds and also carries significantly more cannon ammunition. As such, the preference between the Yak-30 and La-15 will vary depending on play style. Those that want a dependable and speedy fighter should choose the Yak-30; those that want an agile and ammo-friendly fighter should choose the La-15.

Unlike previous Yak jets (such as the Yak-23/17/15) the Yak-30 is a conventional swept-wing jet fighter that performs much more akin to the famed Mig-15/17 than its more manoeuvrable, straight-winged forebears. At 8.0 BR the Yak-30 is an excellent aircraft that can compete with the best other nations have to offer.

For an 8.0 vehicle, the Yak-30 is incredibly fast, capable of over 1,000 kph in level flight. Unfortunately, acceleration over 850 kph isn't particularly good and significant energy is lost in any sort of manoeuvre at those speeds.

Please note that the Yak-30 starts to compresses significantly at high speeds and cannot effectively make high-speed deflection shots unless the target in question is flying idly and is not spatially aware.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m (sea level))
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 981 || 953 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.2 || 22.6 || 31.5 || 29.9 || 520
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m (sea level))
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 1045 || 1026 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.8 || 21.0 || 45.0 || 38.0 || 520
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 520 || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 660 || < 540 || < 640 || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 1530 kgf || N/A
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 64 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|NR-23 (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 3 x 23 mm NR-23 cannons, chin-mounted (75 rpg = 225 total)

The two right mounted cannons can be fired independently of the left mounted one, allowing for potential conservation of ammunition.

== Usage in battles ==

If facing 7.0 to 8.0, Boom & Zoom is the tactic that should be employed with the Yak-30; it is key to keep your speed above 750 km/h at all times to give yourself a chance of running away if the engagement you are partaking in turns into the enemies favour. Although the Yak-30 at the specified speed is able to turn with most of its targets, don't depend on turning with your enemy as you may be caught off guard and unable to react if another enemy player enters the engagement. If you encounter an enemy who is on par or faster than your Yak-30, refer to the paragraph below.

If facing 8.0 to 9.0, Energy fighting or (if the engagement calls for it) turn fighting may be employed for the Yak-30; It is absolutely vital to know your enemies strengths and weaknesses. Your best tactic to use is deception; never let the enemy guess where you're going to go next. Keep the Yak-30 in its state of compression for as long as possible; At such high speeds, the Yak-30 is still manoeuvrable enough to out turn most of the jets it will face, causing a chasing enemy to overshoot or in rare cases, rip their wings off. A good tactic for engaging faster jets is to let them get onto your tail before baiting them into a turn. continue the turn until the enemy has lost a reasonably large chunk of energy before zooming away; The Yak-30's acceleration at low to medium speeds is still exceptional and will aid you with opening a gap between the enemy and you for setting up an actual dogfight.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

[[G.91_R/1|G.91s]], [[Me 163 B|Me 163s]] and [[Me 262 C-2b|Me 262 C-2b]]s are all effective matches for the Yak-30.
the G.91s are the most comparable fighter to the yak30, like a MiG-15's F-86 Sabre or a Spitfire's BF-109; facing off against one relies on the skill of the pilot and other external factors such as prior damage or altitude. A Yak-30's strength against a G-91 is its ability to compress and airframe strength (It is possible to make a chasing G-91 rip its wings executing the same manoeuvre as you at certain speeds. If you end up in a one on one engagement with a G-91, make sure to read your opponent and guess what their next move is going to be. Be patient and wait for your enemy to make a mistake.

====Counter-tactics====

Defensive flying is a strong point of the Yak-30 due to its relatively high turn rate at all speeds. It's roll rate although not being good at high speeds, can still be used in conjunction with other control surfaces to throw the enemy off and gain neutral ground. Careful throttle/flap control can always be used to great effect against any higher-energy opponent; however- the Yak-30 is no Yak-23- the Yak-30 will not and cannot accelerate and climb to disengage. Effective teamwork and squads can help eliminate most disadvantages a Yak-30 pilot may experience against any opposing fighter.
The Yak-30 does not like damage; a single burst of a .50cal weapon is able to cripple the Yak-30's ability to manoeuvre and therefore is an easy target.
Although being fast for an 8.0, It's top speed is it's downfall for 9.0 matches and most 9.0 jets will be able to catch the Yak-30.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 23 mm
|-
| II
| New Boosters
|
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
|
|
| New 23 mm Cannons
|-
| IV
|
| Engine
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extremely fast for an 8.0 vehicle
* Good guns when they work
* Good energy retention
* Decent manoeuvrability
* Good zoom-climb rate
* Very difficult to rip, durable airframe

'''Cons:'''

* Control surfaces compress significantly at higher speeds
* Low ammo count
* "Sparkleguns" that are notoriously ineffective at times
* Average acceleration
* Faces 9.0s constantly which outclass it in every way

== History ==
The Yak-30 was the unsuccessful rival to the MiG-15. Design of the Yakovlev prototype, to the same specification as the MiG, fell behind its competitor and the Yak did not have its first flight until the MiG had already completed service trials. Its own September, 1948 debut indicated it was a strong aircraft with excellent handling and good all-round performance, but it never moved past the prototype stage.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR jet aircraft}}

La-15

2019-09-18T03:12:07Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=la-15}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet jet fighter {{Battle-rating|1}}. This aircraft was introduced in [[Update 1.39]].

The La-15 is a special jet, it lies somewhere in the middle of the 8.0 jets due to its wings being incredibly weak for the engine it possesses and is one of the few planes that can break its wings clean off in level flight. However, due to the battle rating and the speeds that jet combat is usually fought at, you shouldn't need to rely on your top speed: The La-15 can be classed as an underestimated jet, relying on it's a performance at slow speeds (700 kph - 300 kph) to win battles of manoeuvrability.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 999 || 971 || 13,500 || 24.0 || 25.2 || 25.6 || 23.9 || 650
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 1,037 || 1,022 || 13,500 || 23.2 || 23.5 || 38.4 || 31.7 || 650
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 945 || 450 || 520 || ~25 || ~12
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 640 || < 535 || < 630 || > 140
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 105 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front
* 8 mm Steel plate behind the pilot
* 6 mm Steel plate in the nose

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|NR-23 (23 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is armed with:

* 3 x 23 mm NR-23 cannon, chin-mounted (100 rpg = 300 total)


== Usage in the battles ==

The La-15 should be used in as an American Fighter when not in engagements (straight lines, absolute minimal turning to retain speed) and as a "jet-turn-fighter" when in engaged with enemy aircraft.

Here are the DON'Ts of the La-15...

# '''DON'T''' climb at the beginning of the match, use the beginning of the match to fly straight forward to the enemy, as low to the ground you can get.
# '''DON'T''' keep yourself on 100% throttle and never use the special 112% power that the La-15's engine gives you. The WEP, as one could call it, lasts for a long time, and when overheating, just simply turn it off for about 15 - 60 seconds, after which it can be turned on again
# '''DON'T''' head-on attack or turn after one. Your guns are hard to aim in the heat of head-on and it would be advised to break when closing in on a head-on, allowing your enemy to miss his attack and keeping your speed and plane in one piece. Your aircraft is bad at turning at higher speeds.
# '''DON'T''' get into a situation where you must fly at high speeds defensively. When an enemy shows up on your tail, if you have superior speed, outrun him, however, if he has superior speed, slow down to a point in which higher G turns don't G-lock you and where you can take full advantage of an enemy fighter's higher speed to get behind them. Make them bleed their energy turning to get you while avoiding their attacks and engage your flaps when you're slow enough to deploy without ripping.

However, DO the following:

# '''DO''' go straight at the begging of the match, the La-15 still can reach a high enough speed where it can outrun planes that turn to get behind you.
# '''DO''' bring 20 minutes of fuel at a minimum. You'll have enough fuel to last you a usual jet battle's time with WEP on, and you won't catch on fire.
# '''DO''' keep going straight after you break from a head-on attack or overshoot, you can win the acceleration battle with almost any American jet you face.
# '''DO''' slow down when an enemy plane that's faster than you are behind you. Most enemy planes will try to keep their speed, which puts you in a situation to pull hard turns without G-locking. If you're fast, do some light horizontal turns, but don't turn into the vertical, most American fighters will beat you at energy retention at higher speeds then have no acceleration when they stall which leads you to always be in front of their guns. If possible, keep rolling and spiralling, using your 'w' 'a' 's' 'd' keys to dodge attacks and then come out as the slower but still manoeuvrable plane when they try to dogfight you.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

'''F-86 Sabre/CL-13A Sabre:'''

The F-86 Sabre is one of the main rivals of the La-15 if up-tiered and facing allied teams. The Sabre can easily outmanoeuvre, outrun, and out climb the La-15. The best way to counter the Sabre is to attack it when it is at its most vulnerable position (low on energy, or damaged) or force it into a low-speed manoeuvring fight. Do not try to engage an F-86/CL-13A Sabre in any high-speed manoeuvres or any high-speed dogfighting in general as the Sabre will come out on top. In any low-speed manoeuvers, the Sabre will lose to the La-15 in any manoeuvering engagements.

'''Meteor:'''

The Meteor is another main rival of the La-15 as the La-15 can meet the Meteor at any time from being down-tiered to up-tiered. While the La-15 can outrun and out climb early variants of the Meteors, the later variants are far harder to outrun and outclimb as they can easily catch the La-15. The best way to deal with Meteors is to apply boom and zoom tactics, but do remember a skilled Meteor pilot will have no issue avoiding a La-15 that is attacking with boom and zoom tactics. Avoid any manoeuvring fights with any variant of the Meteor as they will outmanoeuvre you with no issues at all.

====Counter-tactics====

The La-15 has, at best, a speed limit of 1000 km/h. Be aware of this and, if possible, try to out dive or outrun the La-15, as it can break its wings easily in a dive and in level flight. Its airbrake is ineffective in a hard dive unless the engine is turned off, so turn on an afterburner and keep it on until you have gotten into level flight.
If you are slower than the La-15, '''Do not try to climb, break, or use an airbrake''', the La-15 has very good energy retention in a climb and it's airbrake very effective at level flight, so refrain from these types of defensive flying.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 23 mm
|-
| II
| New Boosters
|
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
|
|
| New 23 mm Cannons
|-
| IV
|
| Engine
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Cannons have a decent rate of fire and punch.
* Good energy retention.
* Decent acceleration.
* Cockpit visibility is above average.
* Decent manoeuvrability around 500-700 kph/310-435 mph.
* Good roll rate.
* good top speed for its rank

'''Cons:'''

* Low top speed for a swept wing jet.
* Can rip its wings off in level flight (speed warning at approximately 945 kph/587 mph, wings rip at 955 kph/593 mph).
* Ineffective airbrake.
* Guns have poor accuracy and very low muzzle velocity. Hitting a target can be difficult.
* Ammunition is limited, restricted to firing short accurate bursts from close range.
* Doesn’t take battle damage very well especially to the wings of the aircraft.

== History ==
The La-15 was a contemporary of the MiG-15 and Yak-30, that would see limited production numbers and remain in service through the 1950s in secondary roles. The NATO name for it was "Fantail."

Designer S.A. Lavochkin followed on his successful line of World War Two piston-engine fighters with a series of jet prototypes in 1947. One of these, the La-174, became the basis for the production La-15. The fighter used a licence-built Rolls-Royce Derwent engine. A larger and more capable prototype, the La-176D, would be the first Soviet aircraft to break Mach (first in a dive in 1948 and then in level flight the next year) but never entered production.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR jet aircraft}}

MiG-21F-13

2019-09-18T03:03:44Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=mig-21_f13}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 13,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| ??? || ??? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || 750
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 13,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| ??? || ??? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || 750
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 550 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 650 || < 600 || < 780 || N/A
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 3,350 kgf || 5,025 kgf
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===
''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.''

=== Suspended armament ===
''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Defensive armament ===
''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Great top speed
* Has access to air-to-air missiles
* Hard-hitting 30 mm cannon
* Decent manoeuvrability at high speeds
* Great rate of climb
* Fairly small target

'''Cons:'''

* Low-speed manoeuvrability is not very good
* '''Only one gun'''
** Measly 60 rounds of ammo; you must make every shot count
* Quirky rudder characteristics
* Missiles have a short lock-on range
* Can exceed wing rip speed (1,300 kph) in level flight

== History ==
The MiG-21 series of planes would become the most widely-used family of fighter jets in the world, with over 4,000 produced, including license-built copies in China, India and Czechoslovakia. The roots of this highly successful combat aircraft started in the mid-1950s, with the Soviet desire to create a Mach-2 capable light fighter. The first MiG-21F prototypes were presented at the Tushino air show in June, 1956, and deliveries started in 1958. The model, "Fishbed C" in NATO parlance, was widely exported. In the Soviet Union it was replaced by the MiG-21PF model after 1961.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR jet aircraft}}

G.91 R/4

2019-09-17T02:25:09Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=fiat_g91_r4
|store=6720
}}
{{About
| about = premium Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = G.91 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_G.91_R4.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

The G.91 R/4 is a very nimble fighter with relatively average top speed and fairly good acceleration. Best played as a support fighter, the G.91 R/4 can use its incredible roll and turn rates to quickly get guns on target, as well as to dodge the typically less manoeuvrable fighters that it shares its battle ratings with.

The R/4 is a variant of the G.91 jet fighter that has been modified for ground attack, allowing it access to a competitive selection of air-to-ground ordnance such as bombs, rockets, and high-explosive air-to-ground missiles. The R/4 also has the option to equip two different types of air-to-air missiles; the IR-tracking [[AIM-9B|AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missile, or the command-guided [[AA-20|AA-20 Nord]] missile.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 1,066 || 1,042 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.4 || 28.0 || 30.4 || 29.5 || 850
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 1,097 || 1,084 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.7 || 26.0 || 48.8 || 39 || 850
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 620 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 800 || < 650 || < 660 || >250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 2,190 kgf || 2,212 kgf
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 40 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel plate, starts in the pilot's seat, goes below the pilot, ends in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel plate below a fuel tank in the centre-front of the fuselage
* 6.5 mm Steel plate below a fuel tank in the centre-rear of the fuselage

Though the G.91 R/4 does have a decent amount of armour spaced out between the centre and front of the fuselage, the Steel plates will only be sufficient to protect the pilot and aircraft from lower calibre fire (7.92 mm to 7.62 mm machine guns will only penetrate at '''very''' close ranges.) And, thanks to the sacrifices made to lighten the aircraft, the airframe is not particularly reinforced. The wings are very thin, and susceptible to being out-right broken off by most-all primary armaments the G.91 will face at its tier, and the fuselage is full of juicy fuel tanks as well as the single engine of the R/4. Even more so than most planes, the G.91 R/4 is not capable of taking any hits. Even low calibre fire, such as that from .50 calibre machine guns, can cripple an R/4 nigh-immediately, and necessitate an immediate return-to-base.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M3 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 12.7 mm Browning M3 machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 1,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AA-20|AS-20|FFAR Mighty Mouse|AIM-9B}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x AA-20 missiles
* 2 x AS-20 rockets
* 4 x AIM-9B missiles
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)

For air-to-ground purposes, the G.91 R/4 is similar to the [[G.91 pre-serie]] and [[G.91 R/1]], both its predecessors, in loadout options sharing the same FFAR Mighty Mouse rocket option as well as the choice of a pair of 500 lb bombs. However, the G.91 R/4 has an additional and unique option; the AS-20 Nord air-to-ground missile, with a reasonable penetration value (83 mm RHAe) but incredible warhead size of (just under) 30 kilograms of TNT. Skilled use of the missile can allow for a more accurate fire at longer ranges especially versus more dangerous vehicles like self-propelled anti-aircraft guns.

Air-to-air ordnance selection is where the G.91 R/4 stands out from its brethren; the G.91 R/4 is the lowest tier jet in the Italian aircraft tree to gain access to air-to-air missiles, with access to the American AIM-9B infrared-guided missile, and one of only two jets in-game (alongside the [[Super Mystere B2|Super Mystére B.2]]) to have the option of loading the unique AA-20 Nord air-to-air missiles; keyboard guided missiles with a 15 metre proximity fuse. Unlike infrared-guided missiles in War Thunder, the AA-20 Nords do not warn targets of a missile launch giving R/4 pilots the element of surprise, and the Nord's proximity fuse increases the chance of long-range launches striking a target, though these perks come at the demand of a much higher skill floor for usage.

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the G.91 R/4's notably lower speed and high-end acceleration as compared to its contemporaries, the R/4 should be played as a support fighter; meaning the pilot should seek to stick near teammates rather than hunting targets solo, and opt to pick off hostile aircraft that are engaged and distracted with/by allied fighters. The G.91 airframe is exceptionally agile, and the R/4 is no exception; even heavily manoeuvring targets are easy for this plane to keep the nose on. The plane's exceptional roll and turn rates are its biggest strengths, and the pilot should seek to use that to their advantage rather than attempting to fight speed or energy battles.

Make use of the G.91 R/4's varied suspended armaments to dispatch a variety of targets. The AIM-9B is very easy to use missile and can force faster targets to manoeuvre, slowing them down, and can sometimes even net target destructions. Be careful when using this missile around friendlies though, as a misguided Sidewinder '''will''' destroy allied aircraft. The AA-20 Nord is a much more difficult missile to use, but it has a far longer effective range and can often surprise enemies who expect a warning from enemy missile launches. Use the massive range and proximity fuse to take down faster targets flying away from you, and consider using them to destroy bombers such as the often-seen [[S.O.4050_Vautour_IIB|Vautour IIB]], [[S.O.4050_Vautour_IIA|Vautour IIA]], and [[Vautour_IIA_IDF/AF_(France)|Israeli Vautour IIA]], who not only are far less able to dodge missiles but also have larger airframes that trigger the proximity fuse from longer distances.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 12 mm
| FFAR Mighty Mouse
|
|-
| II
| New boosters
|
| Airframe
|
| Nord AA.20
| SBC-17
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
| Nord AS.20
|
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
| AIM-9B
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional maneouvrability, with very high roll and turn rates
* Varied and effective suspended armament choices
* Access to air-to-air missiles, including the [[AA-20|AA-20 Nord]]
* Access to the [[AS-20|AS-20 Nord]] air-to-ground missile

'''Cons:'''

* Relatively low calibre primary armament (four .50 cal Brownings)
* Slower than most of its contemporaries
* Very fragile airframe
* Poor energy retention

== History ==
The G.91 R-3 was the primary West German variant of the Fiat-made light fighter, with 50 built in Italy and another 294 under license in West Germany. It had more powerful armament, added two wing hardpoints, and improved avionics compared to the Italian G.91 R-1s. The 50 R-4 that followed were identical to the R-3 other than in terms of armament. They were supposed to have been sold to Greece and Turkey, but after that sale fell through they entered West German service instead.

== Media ==

[[File:G91 R4.png|thumb|338x338px|none|Left side of the G.91 R/4]]
[[File:G91 R4 2.png|thumb|338x338px|none|The nose of the G.91 R/4]]

== See also ==


* [[G.91 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://store.gaijin.net/story.php?title=Fiat-G-91-R%2F4-Pack Fiat G.91 R/4 Pack (Gaijin.Net Store)]

{{Italy jet aircraft}}
{{Italy premium aircraft}}

G.91 R/1

2019-09-17T02:19:57Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_g91_r1}}
{{About
|about=aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=G.91 (Family)
}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_G.91_R_1.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced along with the rest of the Italian aircraft tech tree in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}


=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===
''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.''

=== Suspended armament ===
''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Defensive armament ===
''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''


===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Accurate guns
* Turn time is on par with the MiG-15

'''Cons:'''

* Two fewer machine guns than the F-84 and F-86, less likely to down a plane with a short burst
* Lower speed relative to the jets that it faces
* Only two payload options
* High rate of fire means that you can eat through your ammo belts quickly

== History ==
The first production version of the G.91 was the G.91 R, which was intended for both close support and photo reconnaissance. The first production aircraft were finished in 1959, and the R 1 entered Italian Air Force service with 14th Gruppe in March, 1961. In total 48 of this model would be built, all serving with Italy, while the West Germans used the more powerfully armed R-3 and R-4 variants. These would be followed by another 50 R-1B combat aircraft.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy jet aircraft}}

G.91 pre-serie

2019-09-17T02:14:05Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_g91_ps}}
{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = G.91 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] along with the initial Italian aviation tree.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 1,043 || 1,014 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.4 || 28.0 || 31 || 29.9 || 850
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ??? || ??? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || 850
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 620 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 800 || < 650 || < 660 || N/A
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 2,140 kgf || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 6.5 mm Steel - Behind, below and in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel - under central fuel tanks.
* 40 mm bulletproof glass - Armored windshield
* Critical components located down the midline of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* Fuel tanks located in the central fuselage.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M3 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 12.7 mm Browning M3 machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 1,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|FFAR Mighty Mouse}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|
|-
| II
| New boosters
|
| Airframe
|
| SBC-17
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
|
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
| FFAR Mighty Mouse
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great turn time for a jet; can give the MiG-15 a run for its money
* 4 x M3 machine guns can be deadly if aimed correctly and used in close range
* Shares some payload options with the F-86 Sabre

'''Cons:'''

* High rate of fire means you have to be conservative with your ammo
* Bleeds a lot of speed in a full elevator turn
* Can rip its wings off if you pull full elevator past 800 kph

== History ==
Winner of the 1953 NATO light tactical support aircraft competition, the Fiat "Small Sabre" would be in production for 19 years, with 756 aircraft completed, with the last aircraft produced in 1977. It served in the Italian and West German air forces starting in 1961 and 1962 respectively.

The original competition specifications called for a jet able to carry 450 kg of ordnance with an operational radius of 180 km, assuming 10 minutes over the target, with a maximum speed of at least Mach 0.95 and a takeoff distance of no more than 1100m, on unprepared or grass runways. Eight aircraft competed in the first round, including the French Dassault Etendard (then called the Mystere XXVI) and the British Folland Gnat. The Etendard, the G.91 and a Breguet design were selected for the second round beginning in late 1957. Fiat went ahead with pre-production ("pre-serie" in Italian) aircraft, with first flight in August, 1956, seven months ahead of its competitors. The crash of the first prototype due to aeroclastic vibrations in February, 1957, proved a setback, but the G.91 entered the second round as scheduled and was announced as the winner in January, 1958.

Critics said Fiat had just copied the F-86 Sabre, which it was manufacturing under license, but these claims seem unwarranted. Operational service evaluations with the Italian air force's 103 Squadron ran from February to July, 1959, leading to a West German decision to manufacture the aircraft under license.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy jet aircraft}}

Vautour IIA IDF/AF

2019-09-17T01:51:04Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=so_4050_vautour_2a_iaf
|store=6679
}}
{{About
| about = jet bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = S.O.4050 Vautour IIA
| link-2 = S.O.4050 Vautour IIB
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Vautour_IIA_IDFAF.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a bundle rank {{Specs|rank}} French jet bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 1,093 || 1,091 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.6 || 33.2 || 43.6 || 41.7 || 900
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ??? || ??? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || 900
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 600 || ~7 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 480 || < 620 || < 590 || N/A
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,000 m || 1,200 hp || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|DEFA 551 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 30 mm DEFA 551 cannons, nose-mounted (100 rpg = 400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Suspended armaments}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 10 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 10 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (5,000 lb total)
* 8 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 90 bombs (7,500 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 24 x T10 121 rockets
* 24 x T10 151 rockets
* 76 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 6 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs + 24 x T10 140 rockets (1,500 lb total)
* 6 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 24 x T10 140 rockets (3,000 lb total)
* 4 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 90 bombs + 24 x T10 140 rockets (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs + 24 x T10 140 rockets (2,000 lb total)
* 6 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs + 24 x T10 151 rockets (1,500 lb total)
* 6 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 24 x T10 151 rockets (3,000 lb total)
* 4 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 90 bombs + 24 x T10 151 rockets (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs + 24 x T10 151 rockets (2,000 lb total)
* 6 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs + 76 x SNEB type 23 rockets (1,500 lb total)
* 6 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 76 x SNEB type 23 rockets (3,000 lb total)
* 4 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 90 bombs + 76 x SNEB type 23 rockets (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs + 76 x SNEB type 23 rockets (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x Shafrir air-to-air missiles

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''


===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
|
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| Matra T10 140
| SBC-17
|-
| II
| New boosters
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| Matra T10 151
| M117
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 30 mm cannons
| Matra SNEB
| LBC-25
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
| Shafrir
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Normally able to reach bombing points before being intercepted
* Good top speed- able to at least keep up with fighters at its rank, which is rare for bombers
* Versatile bomber/attacker because of large variety of loadouts

'''Cons:'''

* Poor manoeuvrability

== History ==
The French Vautour twin-engine bomber had been produced in three variants between 1956 and 1959. In 1960, after four years in service, the French Armee de l'Air divested itself of its 25 surviving Vautour II-A single seat ground attack planes, along with its 40 II-B two-seater bombers, selling them to Israel, which kept them in service until the 1970s.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France jet aircraft}}
{{France premium aircraft}}

S.O.4050 Vautour IIB

2019-09-17T01:42:20Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=so_4050_vautour_2b}}
{{About
| about = French jet bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = S.O.4050 Vautour IIA
| link-2 = Vautour IIA IDF/AF (France)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_S.O.4050VautourIIB.jpg|420px|thumb|left|The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' in the garage]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} French jet bomber {{Battle-rating}}. This aircraft was introduced in [[Update 1.73 "Vive la France"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || ?,000 || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || ?,000 || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || ?
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| ??? || ??? || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 50 mm Bulletproof glass in front of pilot.
* 13.5 mm Steel plate behind the pilot's head.
* 6 + 13.5 mm Steel plate in nose.
* 3 mm Steel shell surrounding the cockpit in the fuselage.
* 2 mm Steel plate behind the fuel cells.
* 2 mm Steel plate in the tail.

== Armaments ==

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Suspended armaments}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* 10 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 10 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (5,000 lb total)
* 10 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (7,500 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (6,000 lb total)



== Usage in the battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Automatic pitch || Controllable || Not controllable || Combined || Controllable || Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
|
|
|
|-
| II
|
|
|
|-
| III
|
|
|
|-
| IV
|
|
|
|-
|}
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Insane acceleration
* Very high top speed, outruns just about everything at it's battle rating
* Climbs exceptionally well without ordnance
* Energy retention is great
* Airbrakes; you will need them to avoid compressing in a dive
* Bomb sight
* Guaranteed profit every game

'''Cons:'''

* Lacks the rocket payload options of the Vautour IIA
* Compresses at high speed
* Massive penalties in flight performance when carrying full payloads
* Turns like a brick
* Roll rate is also unimpressive
* Fragile engines; a hit to an engine will make you easy prey for enemy fighters
* Relies heavily on team support even more than the Vautour IIA does
* Massive target
* Also isn't helped that the Vautour IIB doesn't get offensive armament

== History ==


The S.O.4050 Vautour IIB was developed by Sud Aviation after World War Two to meet the demand for the French Armeè de l'Air. This was a challenging task, after the German occupation in France. Many aircraft design teams have scattered. France was also new to the new jet propulsion area. The requirements issued by the French government called for a jet-powered multi-role attack aircraft that can perform as a bomber, low-level attack aircraft, and an all-weather interceptor. SNCASO met those requirements with a modified version of the S.O 4000. The new plane was designated the S.O.4050 Vautour and was manufactured in three different variants. The plane would serve in the AdA for several decades before replaced the newer Dassault Mirage. The Vautour was also one of the stop-gap measures used by the AdA as a nuclear deterrent. The Vautour would later be exported to Israel and serve with the IAF to counter the Egypt's IL-28 twin-engine bomber.

The IIB, which differed from the previous IIA by adding a second crew member in a transparent nose, was a dedicated bomber variant. Its prototype first flew in December, 1954. In total 40 of the IIB would be built. All were sold along with all of France's Vautour IIAs to Israel in 1960.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{French fighters}}

S.O.4050 Vautour IIA

2019-09-17T01:39:12Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=so_4050_vautour_2a
|cockpit=226783/640279
}}
{{About
| about = French jet bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = Vautour IIA IDF/AF (France)
| link-2 = S.O.4050 Vautour IIB
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_S.O.4050VautourIIA.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French jet bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.73 "Vive la France"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

The SO.4050 Vautour IIA is the fastest accelerating, climbing and diving subsonic plane in the entire game. The acceleration of the aircraft is ridiculous, coupled with the insane climb rate and diving capabilities makes the SO.4050 IIA a very powerful aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 1,093 || 1,091 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.6 || 33.2 || 43.6 || 41.7 || 900
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ??? || 1,100 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || 32.0 || ??.? || 52 || 900
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 600 || ~7 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 480 || < 620 || < 590 || N/A
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 3,360 kgf || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 50 mm Bulletproof glass in front of pilot.
* 13.5 mm Steel plate behind the pilot's head.
* 6 + 13.5 mm Steel plate in nose.
* 3 mm Steel shell surrounding the cockpit in the fuselage.
* 2 mm Steel plate behind the fuel cells.
* 2 mm Steel plate in the tail.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|DEFA 551 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 30 mm DEFA 551 cannons, nose-mounted (100 rpg = 400 total)

The four machine guns are arranged in bundles of two mounted in the nose of the fuselage. Each is armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire together until empty.

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|M117 cone 90 (750 lb)|AN-M65A1 Fin M129 (1,000 lb)}}
{{main|T10 121|T10 140|T10 151|SNEB Type 23}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 10 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 10 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (5,000 lb total)
* 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 90 bombs + 8 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (7,500 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 24 x T10 121 rockets
* 24 x T10 151 rockets
* 76 x SNEB Type 23 rockets
* 6 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs + 24 x T10 140 rockets (1,500 lb total)
* 6 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 24 x T10 140 rockets (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 90 bombs + 4 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 24 x T10 140 rockets (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs + 24 x T10 140 rockets (2,000 lb total)
* 6 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs + 24 x T10 151 rockets (1,500 lb total)
* 6 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 24 x T10 151 rockets (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 90 bombs + 4 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 24 x T10 151 rockets (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs + 24 x T10 151 rockets (2,000 lb total)
* 6 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs + 76 x SNEB Type 23 rockets (1,500 lb total)
* 6 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 76 x SNEB Type 23 rockets (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 90 bombs + 4 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 76 x SNEB Type 23 rockets (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs + 76 x SNEB Type 23 rockets (2,000 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The SO.4050 Vautour IIA should be used like the [[Hunter F 1|Hunter]], but more aggressively. Always load 8 minutes of fuel, use the bomber spawn to spawn at 3,000 meters, rush to a base, drop your bombs then rush to the enemy airfield to catch enemies off-guard. Besides catching enemies off-guard, the Vautour IIA can cause the enemy team to panic by rushing - when enemy players see a Vautour going faster than 1,000 km/h and they're a lot slower - they tend to panic, causing them to scatter around to find space in order to gain speed which could possibly ruin teamwork.
Do '''NOT''' turn. The Vautour is very bad at turning and rolling, it should be used as an exclusive boom and zoomer - like the Hunter. Gain speed, engage, zoom up, loop around, dive, rinse and repeat. The Vautour has excellent energy retention characteristics.

Top tier jets such as the [[CL-13A Mk 5|CL-13]], [[MiG-15bis]], [[MiG-17]] etc should be your main concern. They turn and roll better than the SO.4050 does. While you can outrun the MiG-15s at sea level, you cannot run away from the MiG-17 and the CL-13 as their top speeds are higher (MiG-17: 1,121 km/h, CL-13: 1,114 km/h). Despite that fact, the Vautour outclasses them in climb rate, energy retention and acceleration. The [[Me 163 B]] and [[G.91 R/1|G.91]] are also no match for the plane's speed.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
|
|
| Offensive 30 mm
|
| SBC-17
|-
| II
| New boosters
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| Matra T10 140
| M117
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 30 mm cannons
| Matra T10 151
| LBC-25
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
| Matra SNEB
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Huge payload options.
* Insane acceleration.
* Very high top speed, outruns most aircraft at its battle rating (except the [[CL-13A Mk 5|CL-13A]] and [[MiG-17]] when they reach their top speed).
* Climbs exceptionally well without ordnance.
* Best guns in the game (DEFA 551 is better than the ADEN in RoF and muzzle velocity).
* Energy retention is great.
* Has airbrakes(which you WILL need to avoid compressing in a dive).
* Bomber spawn (3,000 - 3,500 meters).
* Extremely versatile (can be used in a variety of roles).
* Insane durability, can heavily withstand fire from enemy aircraft and survive collisions.

'''Cons:'''

* Ammo consumption is too high to make going after enemy fighters a viable strategy.
* Compresses at high speed (similar to that of the MiG-15s' and MiG-17's infamous compression).
* No bomb sight unlike the earlier [[S.O.4050 Vautour IIB]].
* Massive penalties in flight performance when carrying ordnance.
* Bad manoeuvrability.
* Roll rate is unimpressive.
* Fragile engines; a hit to an engine will make you easy prey for enemy fighters.
* Relies heavily on team support.
* Massive target.
* Wings tend to rip with payload on the wings above 850 km/h

== History ==
In total 140 of the versatile and powerful Vautour aircraft were built by France between 1956 and 1959. The Vautour II-A was the ground attack variant; the II-B the bomber; and the II-N an all-weather interceptor. The first two variants saw greater service with the Israelis, whereas the interceptor was used by the French. All variants were still in use into the 1970s.

The II-N prototype, with two crew, had made its first flight in October, 1952, followed by the single-seat II-A in December, 1953. After nine prototypes, the French made an initial order for 440 aircraft, including 300 II-As. However, only 30 of the II-A would be completed, with the first entering service in 1956. In 1960, all II-A and the 40 II-B (the two-seater bomber model) that had been produced were taken out of French service and sold to Israel.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France jet aircraft}}

M.D.450B Ouragan

2019-09-17T01:27:48Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=md_450b_ouragan}}
{{About
| about = French jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the "Barougan"
| link = M.D.450B Barougan
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M.D.450BOuragan.jpg|420px|thumb|left|The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' in the garage]]
{{break}}
The '''M.D.450B Ouragan''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This aircraft was introduced in [[Update 1.73 "Vive la France"]].

The M.D.450B Ouragan is a French jet fighter located at the fighter line in the French tech tree at a battle rating of 8.0. It is the first unlockable jet as you go down the Fighter line in the French tech tree.

The main role of the Ouragan is as a fighter aircraft. Avoid loading any secondary loadout on it as ground pounding at the start of jet matches in air realistic battles is a bad idea .

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || ?,000 || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || ?,000 || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || ?
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| ??? || ??? || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}
=== Survivability and armour ===


* 40 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 13.5 mm Steel plate in the nose.
* 13.5 mm Steel plates behind the pilot.

== Armaments ==

{{main|M50 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm M50 cannons (125 RPG = 500 total)

The four machine guns are clustered on the underside of the fuselage, directly below the pilot. Each are armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire with each other until empty.

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 Fin M129 (1,000 lb)|T10 140|T10 151}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' utilize external pylons to carry various configurations of:

* None
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs
* 16 x T10 140 rockets
* 16 x T10 151 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

The M.D.450B Ouragan is mainly a Boom & Zoom aircraft. It retains in vertical turns and Boom & Zoom manoeuvres well. When you takeoff, gain speed. After gaining speed, you side-climb up to 2,500 - 3,000 meters then head to the centre. When you're finally in the centre, you've already gained speed by accelerating. Then, you commence Boom & Zoom tactics. Dive, engage, zoom up to 2,500 - 3,000 meters, loop around, look for a suitable target, rinse and repeat. If you find yourself in a bad situation where you cannot use Boom & Zoom tactics, then your last resort would be turning as this bleeds speed and causes the M.D.450 to be an easy target.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Automatic pitch || Controllable || Not controllable || Combined || Controllable || Not controllable
|-
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| IA
|
|
|
|-
| II
|
|
|
|-
| III
|
|
|
|-
| IV
|
|
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good manoeuvrability, especially between 500 kph and 600 kph
* Good roll rate
* Nose-mounted guns
* Does not compress much below 900 kph
* Down-tiered often, very capable aircraft against lower-ranked aircraft
* Strong and effective flaps
* M50 20 mm cannons excel with "Air Targets" belts
* Easy to fly and land with a ripped wingtip

'''Cons:'''

* Stock performance is lacking
* Wingtips rip easily in a dive
* Slow compared to contemporaries
* Extremely heavy compression above 970kmh
* Poor acceleration
* M50 20 mm cannons tend to "spark" and are less effective with "Default" ammo belts, "Air Targets" belts have no tracers

== History ==
French aircraft designer and Resistance fighter Marcel Bloch's aim when the war ended was to put France's aeronautical industry back on the map and reduce dependence on foreign aircraft for L'Armee de l'Air. The M.D. 450 Ouragan (Hurricane) was the first jet fighter to be completely designed and manufactured in France. In total 350 were built for French service, 104 for the Indian Air Force, and 12 for the Israelis. Entering service in 1952, it was a front-line fighter until the swept-wing Mystere arrived in 1955, and continued in operational service in France until the mid-1960s, after 1961 as training aircraft.

Bloch's company Dassault started prototype construction in April 1948, two months before the French government agreed to authorize development. The first flight of the prototype was in February, 1949. The jet combined American ideas on jet manufacture with a British Nene engine license-built by Hispano-Suiza. It had a reputation as a strong climber with excellent handling characteristics, and a stable firing platform. It was the official jet of the French aerobatic team for two years. Production for the Armee de l'Air ran from 1951 to 1954, who used it to replace their British Vampires. The Indians called it the Toofani (Hurricane), with production of their order beginning in 1953. The Israelis received their initial 12 in 1955; they later augmented this by buying another 40 of the French Ouragans after they left active service. In operation service it was used as a fighter-bomber as well as in straight fighter roles.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{French fighters}}

M.S.406C1

2019-09-16T05:41:21Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=ms_406c1}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_MS406C1.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} French fighter {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]].

The MS.406C1 is a good general fighter for newer players (though, experienced pilots should not discount this aircraft). This aircraft has a good climb-rate, is maneuverable and retains energy allowing for repeated dive and climb situations. This aircraft performs its fighter role, but with having a [[Hispano 404 (20 mm)|Hispano 404]] cannon installed, it can also take on the role of a bomber-hunter or soft-ground target attacker.
== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || ?,000 || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || ?,000 || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || ?
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| ??? || ??? || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Critical components located at front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Hispano 404 (20 mm)|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Hispano 404 cannon (60 rpg = 60 total)
* 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns (300 rpg = 600 total)

The Hispano 404 is nose mounted, firing out of the prop spinner while the two MAC 1934 are wing mounted. If fired at the same time, the cannon will run out of ammunition before the machine guns will.


== Usage in the battles ==

The MS.406C1 retains its energy well and is best utilized for energy fighting or Boom & Zoom situations. This aircraft can be used for head-on attacks using its cannon, however, be careful as the MS.406C1 does not have any armor protection. It will be best to get a few bursts off at range and then maneuver out of the head on. When using this aircraft in a bomber-hunter role, it is best to avoid flying towards the rear or sides of this aircraft as typically this is where most of the bomber's defensive weapons are pointed. It is best to come at the front of the bomber from either below or from above (make sure you have energy as if you are near stall speed, you will be an easy target for gunners) and make strafing shots and wait until you are out of gunner range to turn and attempt a second pass.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Automatic pitch || Controllable || Not controllable || Combined || Controllable || Not controllable
|-
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
|
|
|
|-
| II
|
|
|
|-
| III
|
|
|
|-
| IV
|
|
|
|-
|}
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Retains energy well
* 20 mm [[Hispano 404 (20 mm)|Hispano 404]] cannon
* Decent turn time, can almost catch its smoke trail without flaps
* Small target

'''Cons:'''

* Low ammo for both MG and cannon
* Controls lock up in high speed dives above 480 kph (300 mph)
* Only two flap positions, up and landing
* Prone to catching fire

== History ==
The first modern fighter of WW2 France, and their most famous combat plane. A first-class aircraft, it was only inferior in performance in French pre-war service to the D.520. A total of 1,081 were built, more than any other French plane except the Potez 63. The prototype (the in-game M.S. 405) first flew in August, 1935, becoming the first French fighter to break the 400 km/h limit. In 1937, it was advertised at the Brussels Air Show as "the best fighter plane in the world." The fourth prototype would be taken into production as the M.S. 406, with 600 aircraft in 12 units at the start of the war, having been taken into operational service in December, 1938. During the war, the M.S. 406 proved a fair match for the German Bf. 109: 150 M.S. 406s were shot down in the Battle for France, against 191 confirmed and 89 probable kills by the same make of aircraft. Another hundred were destroyed on the ground. Finland also purchased 40 before the war.

=== Notable pilots ===

<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Rene_challe_portrait.jpg|thumb|none|200px|link=User:U64962917#Challe, René M.P.A.|French ace pilot [[User:U64962917#Challe, René M.P.A|René Challe]]'s first confirmed kill happened while flying a '''M.S.406''' for the French Air Force.]] </li>
</ul></div>

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{French fighters}}

Re.2005 serie 0

2019-09-16T05:32:25Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=re_2005_serie0}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 629 ||613|| {{Specs|ceiling}} ||19.8||20.4||17.4||17.4|| 165
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| ??? || ??? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || 165
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 480 || ~11 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 450 || > 715
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,200 m || 1,250 hp || 1,407 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 50 mm (63°) bulletproof glass windshield
* 8 mm steel head plate
* 8 mm steel pilot seat

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon, nose-mounted (200 rounds)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons, wing-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT HMG's, cowling-mounted (380 rpg = 760 total)

Two of the cannons are mounted one each in the wings with the remaining cannon being nose-mounted through the propeller spinner. Each cannon is armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all wing-mounted guns will fire together until empty.

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100 (100 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)|GP 500 (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg GP 100 bombs (200 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb (250 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb, 2 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (350 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb, 2 x 100 kg GP 100 bombs (450 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg GP 500 bomb (500 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg GP 500 bomb, 2 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (600 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg GP 500 bomb, 2 x 100 kg GP 100 bombs (700 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful armament
* Good maneuverability
* Good rate of climb
* Wider payload options than the G.55

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
It has been called "the most beautiful fighter aircraft of the war", and "aerodynamically perfect". The Re. 2005 was the final version of the basic Reggiane fighter design that began with the Re. 2000 in 1939. The third of the "Serie 5" third-generation Italian fighters designed to take the DB 605 engine, it had numerous improvements over the company's previous models. Test flights on the prototype began in April, 1942, three weeks behind the third-generation M.C. 205 and nine days behind Fiat's G.55. But only 29 of the planned 750 were ever built. Operational service began in May, 1943 with the 362nd Squadron in Sicily, and then Capua, until the armistice.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[Re.2001 (Family)]], the series of aircraft the Re.2005 was built off of

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy fighters}}

G.55 sottoserie 0

2019-09-16T05:24:58Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=g_55_serie1_ss0}}
{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = G.55 serie 1
| link-2 = G.55S
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] alongside the initial Italian aviation tree.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 616 || 599 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.9 || 21.6 || 13.3 || 13.3 || 300
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 664 || 638 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.1 || 20.0 || 20.5 || 16.5 || 300
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 460 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 400 || < 420 || < 450 || > 715
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,700 m || 1,260 hp || 1,398 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


*8 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
*50 mm Bulletproof glass - Armored windscreen
*Critical components located at the front of aircraft (pilot, engine, controls)
*Fuel tanks located in wings
*Fuel tank in the fuselage behind the pilot

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon, nose-mounted (250 rpg)
* 4 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 1,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100 (100 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg GP 100 bombs (200 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
| MCGP50
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12 mm MGs
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| MCSAP100
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 20 mm cannons
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
Powerful, fast and sturdy, the G.55 was considered an unbeatable interceptor at high altitude. The second of the "Serie 5" or third-generation Italian wartime fighters with the DB 605 engine, 30 were in service at the time of the 1943 Armistice, and Fascist forces continued to use the 150 still in their possession until the end of the war.

Six hundred were supposed to have been built by Fiat, along with 250 Macchi M.C. 205s and 750 Reggiane Re. 2005s, but the armistice ended those plans. The Fiat design was faster than the Macchi at high altitude, and it was more powerfully armed as well. It was considered sturdier, but slower and less maneuverable compared to the Reggiane design. The 353rd Squadron took it operational in June, 1943.

After the war, production resumed, with Argentina and Syria buying the model. It continued in Italian service for several years.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy fighters}}

C. 205 serie 1

2019-09-16T05:18:13Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=mc-205_serie1}}
{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = C.205 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] along with the initial Italian aviation tree.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 658 || 641 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.0 || 19.7 || 16.8 || 16.8 || 250
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 710 || 683 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.0 || 18.0 || 25 || 20.4 || 250
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 600 || ~14 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 400 || < 270 || < 550 || > 380
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,800 m || 1,232 hp || 1,387 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


*8 mm Steel - Armored plate behind the pilot
*50 mm Bulletproof glass - Armored windscreen
*Critical components located at the front of aircraft (pilot, engine, controls)
*More fuel tanks located in wings near the fuselage
*Fuel tank in the fuselage behind the pilot

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, wing-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
The last Italian fighters of the war (the Serie 5, or "third-generation") all used the new German Daimler Benz 605 engine, putting them on a par with the best mid-war aircraft. The M.C. 205 was the only one of the Serie 5's to see much service with the Italian air force. The prototype, based on the M.C. 202, first flew in April, 1942. The added power allowed it to become the first Italian aircraft with cannon armament in the wings. It was considered extremely maneuverable at middle and low altitudes. About 200 were built and delivered starting in October, 1942, seeing combat service in the Mediterranean and Sicily the next year. Another 112 were built after the armistice and delivered to Fascist Italian forces, who used the plane until summer, 1944. Others continued on in Allied use and after the war remained in service as combat fighters until 1947.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy fighters}}

Re.2002 Early

2019-09-16T05:11:24Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=re_2002_early}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 511 || 496 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.0 || 20.7 || 10 || 10 || 150
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 550 || 530 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.1 || 19.0 || 15.8 || 12.7 || 150
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 480 || ~9 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 380 || > 200
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,500 m || 1,160 hp || 1,276 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


*8 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
*8 mm Steel - Armored plate behind the pilot
*50 mm Bulletproof glass - Armored windscreen
*Critical components located at the front of aircraft (pilot, engine, controls)
*More fuel tanks located in wings near the fuselage
*Fuel tank in the fuselage behind the pilot

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg left + 490 rpg right = 840 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, wing-mounted (630 rpg = 1,260 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100 (100 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb (250 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb + 2 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (350 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg GP 250 bomb + 2 x 100 kg GP 100 bombs (450 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| Offensive 12 mm
| MCGP250
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 7 mm MGs
|
| MCGP50
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
| New 12 mm MGs
| MCSAP100
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
The Re. 2002 was a return to the radial engine, combining the new structural features of the Re. 2001 with an engine comparable to the Re. 2000's. Agile and sturdy, it was the best fighter-bomber/attack plane the Italians had, and was respected by the Luftwaffe, who seized 60 of them when Italy surrendered. In total, 225 were built, the last 40 for the Luftwaffe. Another 40 continued on with Italian forces fighting with the Allies.

Reggiane had been unable to find sufficient DB 601 engines (being produced on license in Italy) to keep up with demand for the Re. 2001, so they switched back to a Piaggio-designed radial. This meant the wing system of the Re. 2001 could be kept in the new model. It first flew in October, 1940, and the Italian air force placed its first order in September, 1941. It first became operational in July, 1943, during the invasion of Sicily.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy fighters}}

P.108B serie 1

2019-09-16T05:03:58Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=p_108b_serie1}}
{{About
| about = Italian bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the attacker
| link-1 = P.108A serie 2
| usage-2 = the other bomber variant
| link-2 = P.108B serie 2
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]].

The P.108B Serie 1 is a heavy bomber with a heavy bomb load and relatively weak defensive armament. When delivering the bombs to the targets, high altitudes are a must. The preferred targets of this bomber are stationary objects like pillboxes or slow moving vehicles such as ships (if you can time it well) and of course the bombing targets and airfields. Should an enemy fighter catch up with you, it is certain doom as your defensive guns have a low chance to kill it. To survive attacks, use your gunners to ward off the enemy aircraft until help comes. Stay away from combat as much as you can and do your job as a bomber.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,900 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 401 || 388 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 37.3 || 38.7 || 2.5 || 2.4 || 750
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,900 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 438 || 419 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.8 || 36.0 || 6.5 || 4.3 || 750
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 400 || ~3 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 330 || < 310 || < 270 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,500 m || 1,350 hp || 1,499 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 8 mm Steel - Cockpit armour - instrument panel, pilot's seat, co-pilot's seat and floor plate below pilot
* 8 mm Steel - Armour plate protecting ammo located in wings
* 8 mm Steel - Side gunner armoured walls
* 8 mm Steel - Ventral gunner position

== Armaments ==
=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100 (100 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)|GP 500 (500 kg)|F200/450}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 34 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (1,700 kg total)
* 34 x 100 kg GP 100 bombs (3,400 kg total)
* 2 x F200/450 torpedoes
* 3 x F200/450 torpedoes
* 7 x 250 kg GP 250 bombs (1,750 kg total)
* 7 x 500 kg GP 500 bombs (3,500 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, nose turret (300 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, 2 x wing turrets (300 rpg = 600 total)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, ventral turret (450 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (400 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Auto controlled
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Turret 7 mm
| MCSAP100
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
| TBC-79
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Turret 12 mm
| MCGP250
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 12 mm MGs (turret)
| MCRO500
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 2 turrets are placed on the distant engines allowing for more guns to face backward
* Heavy payload available
* One of two planes (the other being the [[P.108B serie 2]]) in the game that can carry three torpedoes

'''Cons:'''

* Gunners are bunched together and easily knocked out
* Turrets on the engines cannot face forwards
* Poor manoeuvrability and climb rate
* Prone to fuel tank fire due to tremendous fuel load
* Massive size
* Relatively weak defensive firepower

== History ==
Built in late 1939, the Piaggio's first operational mission was not until June, 1942, due to accidents and acclimatization. It was the only four-engine strategic bomber in Italian service. A total of 24 were built. It was used in a single long-range bomber squadron for raids on Allied forces in Gibraltar and Algeria.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy bombers}}

Re.2001 serie 1

2019-09-16T04:59:40Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=re_2001_serie1}}
{{About
|about=aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=Re.2001 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left|The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' in the garage]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Maximum speed, manoeuvrability, speed and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,450 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 525 || 508 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.9 || 19.4 || 12.6 || 12.6 || 155
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,450 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 567 || 545 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.2 || 18.0 || 20.2 || 15.9 || 155
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


*8 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
*8 mm Steel - Armored plate behind the pilot
*Critical components located at the front of aircraft (pilot, engine, controls)
*More fuel tanks located in wings near the fuselage
*Fuel tank in the fuselage behind the pilot

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===
''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.''

=== Suspended armament ===
''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Defensive armament ===
''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

Entering the Italian Royal Air Force contest to design a new fighter with a radial engine and large-calibre armament was a new experience for Reggiane. This Italian engineering company had previously only worked on large bombers. However, engineers Roberto Longhi and Antonio Alessio were confident that they could bring something new to the table. The construction of the monoplane fighter they designed for the contest was made from aluminium alloy and inspired by the American Seversky P-35 project. The Re.2000, as its creators called it, underwent extensive testing at the end of the summer in 1939. The fighter demonstrated superb flight and speed qualities compared to the other contest entries. When pitted against the Bf 109 E, the landmark German fighter of its time, the Re.2000 proved more manoeuvrable. Surprisingly, the metal monoplane even outflew the agile Fiat CR.42 biplane in testing! However, the Re.2000 ultimately lost the contest for serial production for the Italian air force – testing revealed leakage problems in the fuel tanks. Foreign customers expressed keen interest in the aircraft – the British ordered 300 units for the RAF (of course, the order was cancelled when Italy joined the war), and Finland, Yugoslavia, Switzerland, and Portugal were also interested. Sweden purchased 60 units of the model and Hungary purchased 70 units and a production license (the Hungarian versions were given the designation “Héja”). The design of the first Re.2000 fighter series was the basis for future developments at Reggiane, being more successful than its ill-fated predecessor.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5373-development-re-2000-the-italian-falcon-en Devblog]''

The successor to the Re. 2000 was the Re. 2001, which was in a class with the excellent Macchi M.C. 202, but its operational career was limited, with priority on the scarce DB 601 aircraft engines going to the other fighter. A total of 237 were built, including the original interceptor, and fighter-bomber (CB) and night fighter (CN) variants. First flight was July, 1940. It had the same wing as the Re. 2000, but a new inline engine. This again led to objections by the Italian government about the wing fuel tanks. Redesign meant the first planes weren't delivered until June, 1941. It served in operational squadrons from December, 1941 until the Italian surrender.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5373-development-re-2000-the-italian-falcon-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Re.2000: The Italian Falcon]

{{Italy fighters}}

Z.1007 bis serie 3

2019-09-16T04:52:29Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=z_1007_bis_serie3}}
{{About
| about = Italian bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Z.1007 bis serie 5
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] alongside the initial Italian aviation tree.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 437 || 424 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.0 || 34.0 || 4.8 || 4.7 || 450
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 464 || 450 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.1 || 32.0 || 7.6 || 6.2 || 450
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 430 || ~3 || ~1
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 260 || < 270 || < 270 || > 200
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,000 m || 1,000 hp || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Suspended armaments}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 18 x 50 kg GP 50 (50 kg total)
* 18 x 100 kg GP 100 (100 kg total)
* 1 х 450 mm F200/450 torpedo
* 4 x 250 kg GP 250 + 12 x 100 kg GP 100 (2,200 kg total)
* 6 x 250 kg GP 250 + 3 x 50 kg GP 50 (1,650 kg total)
* 6 x 250 kg GP 250 + 3 x 100 kg GP 100 (1,800 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg GP 500 + 6 x 100 kg GP 100 (1,600 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg GP 500 + 4 x 250 kg GP 250 (1,750 kg total)
* 1 x 800 kg GP 800 + 3 x 50 kg GP 50 (950 kg total)
* 1 x 800 kg GP 800 + 3 x 100 kg GP 100 (1,100 kg total)
* 1 x 800 kg GP 800 + 9 x 100 kg GP 100 (1,700 kg total)
* 1 x 800 kg GP 800 + 4 x 250 kg GP 250 + 3 x 100 kg GP 100 (2,100 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Scotti M1933 (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, ventral turret (350 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Scotti M1933 machine gun, dorsal turret (350 rpg)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, side turrets (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Turret 7 mm
| TBC-79
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
| MCGP250
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Turret 12 mm
| MCRO500
|-
| IV
|
|
| Cover
| New 12 mm MGs (turret)
| MCGP800
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
One of the three standard Italian wartime bombers, alongside the S.M. 79 and the B.R. 20, the Z.1007 had speed, armament, good range, and an acceptable bombload. It was used on all Italian fronts despite being of all-wood construction. Also known as the Alcione, it was designed by Filippo Zappata, with the prototype debuting in spring, 1937. After 34 original models, production shifted to the bis model, with a more powerful radial engine; over 400 of this model would ultimately be built. They conducted combat tests with Italian forces in Belgium during the Battle of Britain in September, 1940, used for diversionary actions only. Their real combat debut was a month later, during the Greek campaign. They also flew in Africa and the Mediterranean. They were not used much in Russia. A total of 560 were built, with about 60 still in service when Italy surrendered. About 30 continued on after, now in Allied service, in the Balkans.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy bombers}}

Z.1007 bis serie 3

2019-09-16T04:50:11Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=z_1007_bis_serie3}}
{{About
| about = Italian bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Z.1007 bis serie 5
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] alongside the initial Italian aviation tree.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 437 || 424 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.0 || 34.0 || 4.8 || 4.7 || 450
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 464 || 450 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.1 || 32.0 || 7.6 || 6.2 || 450
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 430 || ~3 || ~1
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 260 || < 270 || < 270 || > 200
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,000 m || 1,000 hp || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Suspended armaments}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 18 x 50 kg GP 50 (50 kg total)
* 18 x 100 kg GP 100 (100 kg total)
* 1 х 450 mm F200/450 torpedo
* 4 x 250 kg GP 250 + 12 x 100 kg GP 100 (2,200 kg total)
* 6 x 250 kg GP 250 + 3 x 50 kg GP 50 (1,650 kg total)
* 6 x 250 kg GP 250 + 3 x 100 kg GP 100 (1,800 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg GP 500 + 6 x 100 kg GP 100 (1,600 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg GP 500 + 4 x 250 kg GP 250 (1,750 kg total)
* 1 x 800 kg GP 800 + 3 x 50 kg GP 50 (950 kg total)
* 1 x 800 kg GP 800 + 3 x 100 kg GP 100 (1,100 kg total)
* 1 x 800 kg GP 800 + 9 x 100 kg GP 100 (1,700 kg total)
* 1 x 800 kg GP 800 + 4 x 250 kg GP 250 + 3 x 100 kg GP 100 (2,100 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Scotti M1933 (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, ventral turret (350 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Scotti M1933 machine gun, dorsal turret (350 rpg)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, side turrets (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Turret 7 mm
| TBC-79
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
| MCGP250
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Turret 12 mm
| MCRO500
|-
| IV
|
|
| Cover
| New 12 mm MGs (turret)
| MCGP800
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
One of the three standard Italian wartime bombers, alongside the S.M. 79 and the B.R. 20, the Z.1007 had speed, armament, good range, and an acceptable bombload. It was used on all Italian fronts despite being of all-wood construction. Also known as the Alcione, it was designed by Filippo Zappata, with the prototype debuting in spring, 1937. They conducted combat tests with Italian forces in Belgium during the Battle of Britain in September, 1940, used for diversionary actions only. Their real combat debut was a month later, during the Greek campaign. They also flew in Africa and the Mediterranean. They were not used much in Russia. A total of 560 were built, with about 60 still in service when Italy surrendered. About 30 continued on after, now in Allied service, in the Balkans.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy bombers}}

Breda 88 (P.XI)

2019-09-16T04:42:49Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=breda_88}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Breda88.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian attacker {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 476 || 463 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.9 || 30.9 || 6 || 5.9 || 730
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 504 || 490 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.1 || 29.0 || 9.3 || 7.6 || 730
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 425 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 360 || < 320 || < 400 || > 200
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,000 m || 1,000 hp || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 3 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (375 rpg top + 425 rpg middle + 450 rpg bottom = 1,250 total)

The three machine guns are arranged and located in the nose of the aircraft. Each is armed with different amounts of ammunition, which means that when all guns fire they will run empty at different times.

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100 (100 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 3 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (150 kg total)
* 3 x 100 kg GP 100 bombs (300 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, dorsal turret (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The Breda Ba.88 (P.XI) should be used to attack ground targets. It can be difficult to be used as a heavy fighter as your pilot is extremely vulnerable. Try to avoid enemy planes if possible as any enemy plane that engages you may be fatal for the plane's crew. Also note this plane can carry bombs, but it does not have air brakes and or a bomb sight, so you must manually slow down and estimate the payload release on target.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
| MCGP50
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12 mm MGs
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Turret 7 mm
| MCSAP100
|-
| IV
|
|
| Cover
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Tremendous fuel load (33 minutes of fuel is the minimum).
* Reasonable armament with a high chance of igniting fuel tanks.

'''Cons:'''

* Lack of armour or bulletproof glass for protection of crew.
* Poor roll rate, turn time, rate of climb and top speed.
* Will absolutely get murdered in a turn fight.
* Plane is prone to pilot snipe.
* Poor defensive armament.
* Does not have bomb sight.

== History ==

The Breda Ba.88 was a Italian heavy fighter bomber that was made for the Regia Aeronautica's 1936 requirement for a twin engine heavy fighter capable of 329 mph, 2000 km range, and capable of carrying 20 mm cannons. It made its debut around late 1936 to 1937 and during its evaluation it was a promising design. Standard firepower of the plane was three 12.7 mm Breda SAFAT machine guns in the nose and a gunner in the dorsal turret with a 7.7 mm Breda SAFAT machine gun. The prototype aircraft flew with two Isotta-Fraschini K14 series while production models of the plane had two Piaggio P.XI RC.40 "Stella" 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engines capable of 1,000 hp each, setting several new world speed records in 1937, with speeds in the 550 km/h range. By 1938-39 the Breda Ba.88 came into production but it would be retired in 1941 with only 149 made, after only brief service in Libya in the summer of 1940. The plane was found to perform much more poorly with an operational bombload and unsuitable for the designated role of heavy fighter/assault.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy attackers}}

Re.2000 serie 1

2019-09-16T04:37:29Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=re_2000_int}}
{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Re.2000 G.A.
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.77 "Advancing Storm"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

This Italian plane is best used as an energy fighter and can be a very good start to learn how to use Italian planes.

The plane climbs and dives very well, it can reach a high speed quickly, but like every Italian plane in this rank, controls will be stiff above 500 kph (310 mph) IAS.

The best performance is between 400 to 500 kph (248 to 310 mph) IAS, but in a swallow level flight the max speed is 450 IAS.

To be in the above-mentioned speed range, climb up to 3,000 meters, and then dive onto the enemy. If the enemy is more than 2 km below, cut your throttle to 0% and only increase once at the same altitude as the enemy and started to losing speed. Diving or climbing straight at a 90-degree angle will cause the engine to shut down due to fuel cut-off.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 505 || 496 || 10,000 || 17.0 || 17.3 || 12.8 || 12.8 || 220
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed IAS (km/h at 5,300 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 470 || 450 || 10,000 || 15.5 || 16.0 || 22.0 || 22.0 || 220
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 740 || 350 || 560 || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

== Usage in battles ==


Once in game, climb up to 3,000 m and start gaining speed. If the enemy is at the same altitude, dodge any attempt at a head on, and try to out turn / out climb them.

If an enemy is below, dive down and attack. If you overshoot them, conduct a yo-yo manoeuvre to get back on their tail.

Some enemies to be concerned about are:

* Spitfires: The early versions carrying eight machine guns in their wings
* P-26: Especially the version that carries the M2 Brownings.
* Any Biplane: Most of these are very good turners. They can earn back speed after multiple turns very quickly, so in a dogfight, the Re.2000 might feel sluggish. Don't get baited into these turn fights and instead use the speed / climb to fly away towards an advantageous position to attack.

When going against the Re.2000 serie 1, one will find head-ons effective against a Re.2000 since it only has two 12.7s machine guns. If you're in a head-on against one, shoot a small burst, and escape with a barrel roll. If one is one your six, either run away at high speed or make some speed costly maneuvers, and turn onto his six. Never try to follow one in a climb, and if one is diving on you, you can dodge it easily due to its control stiffening and average roll rate.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" |Controllable|| rowspan="2" |Controllable
|
|
|Single speed
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great climb rate (20+ m/s)
* Great at energy fighting
* Good acceleration (Capable of 700 kph / 435 mph in a dive)
* Good turn rate, amazing at 400 to 500 kph (248 to 310 mph)
* Full manual engine control + propeller feathering
* No armor (better performance than G.A. model)

'''Cons:'''

* Average speed (450 IAS)
* Average roll rate at any speed
* Underwhelming performance of the 2 x 12.7 Breda-SAFAT machine guns
* Low ammunition count for machine guns (only 600 rounds total)
* Overheats easily, even with 100% radiators, can only WEP for a few seconds before the engine overheats and destroys itself
* Sensitive to battle damage (damage will usually result in the aircraft catching fire)
* No armor (more vulnerable than G.A model)

== History ==


The first project of the Reggiane design office was the Re.2000 which was designed by Italian engineers Alessio and Longhi. The first test flight was flown by Mario de Bernardi in 1938. With a superior engine in comparison to the FIAT powered MC.200, it was thought to be at least as manoeuvrable as the Bf 109 E in comparative trials, though the positioning of the fuel tank in an unarmored wing centre section was found to be a fatal drawback and thus it was not accepted into Italian service, however, the Re.2000 was sold to both Sweden and Hungary to complement their air forces. During 1940, the Italian Navy ordered a modified version for carrier use with a Piaggio P.XI bis engine and structural strengthening for catapult launching and carrier landings.<ref>Thompson, Jonathan W., Italian Civil and Military Aircraft 1930-1945, Aero Publishers, Los Angeles (1963), 304 pages.</ref>

Hungary bought 70 Re.2000s and built another 192. Sweden bought 60, where they stayed in service until 1946. Britain had actually put in an order for 300, as well, before the onset of war prevented it. Those few of the 188 that were built by the Reggiane company that were not sold to other countries were used by an Italian squadron on Sicily in 1941/42, or converted for catapult use.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italian fighters}}
<references />

C. 200 serie 3

2019-09-16T04:30:53Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=mc200_serie3_italy}}
{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the German version
| link-1 = C.200 serie 3 (Germany)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = C.200 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] along with the initial Italian aviation tree, but a variant existed in the [[C.200 serie 3 (Germany)|German tech tree]] prior to the update.

The Macchi 200 is a standard fighter of the Italian tree. It is moderately armed for its rank, consisting of two 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns firing through the propeller arcs.

The M.C 200 is a fairly typical pre-war Italian design, moderate speed combined with good rates of turning, and high speed tolerance, while maintaining good control at all speeds. Furthermore, the MC 200 is a capable climber, easily matching a lot of planes that it will regularly meet in its BR range. Further, it's fairly tough, capable of taking hits and returning to the airfield for repairs. However it does have its issues as well, most notably the poor engine power which results in poor acceleration and, much like all Italian designs, it suffers from poor armament as well, although given the lower BR then the [[C.202|Folgore]], this is less of an issue.
Furthermore, as of 1.55, its payload is not modelled, so it doesn't carry bombs, meaning it's a poor ground attacker, being only able to harm soft Ground targets.

For the guns, the same applies to all other Italian aircraft, generally you want to use Tracers, Anti-air or Stealth since they are the belts that deal the most damage. They suffer above 300 meters, so fire only at or below that range for the best effects. Furthermore, much like the other Italian fighters the armament is woefully inadequate to deal with bombers, hence it is best to avoid them entirely, or focus on taking out the engines. The only exceptions are the very early biplane bombers, such as [[Swordfish Mk I|Swordfish]], [[Po-2]] and the like.
[[File:FighterImage_MC200s7vsP36C.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[C.200 serie 7|M.C.200]] vs [[P-36C|P-36C ''Hawk'']] over industrial zone in Ruhr.]]

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 483 || 467 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.2 || 17.6 || 15 || 15 || 280
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 532 || 504 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 15.2 || 16.0 || 22 || 18 || 280
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 600 || ~15 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 400 || < 270 || < 550 || > 300
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,800 m || 815 hp || 956 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (370 rpg = 740 total)

== Usage in battles ==

It's recommended to climb as much as you can before engaging, a good 4,000 meters is important, as it can be used to get some extra speed when you need it.

In combat, the C.200 can engage in a wide array of moves. The decent energy retention and high speeds it can attain, about 800 km/h, before it begins to red-line, means it can be used for Boom & Zoom, or to get away. Furthermore it's a good turn-fighter, it out-turns a lot of planes it faces, notable exceptions being biplanes and Japanese aircraft. However, take care as the engine isn't the most powerful, and accelerating is problematic, so it's important to watch your speed carefully in combat. This becomes especially important since the engine is also quite prone to overheating when WEP is engaged, and it cools down slowly.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good rate of turn
* Good rate of climb
* Decent energy retention
* It's sturdy
* It has very good cockpit view, lack of canopy means superb view to the sides and above, while the slim head rest ensures a good view to the rear as well
* Good control at most speeds
* Can dive well

'''Cons'''

* Acceleration leaves something to be desired
* The guns aren't exceptional, low rate of fire and ineffective above 300 meters.
* Engine is prone to overheating
* Its speed in level flight is nothing exceptional.

== History ==

The M.C.200 is a pre-war Italian monoplane manufactured by the Macchi aircraft company, its name is derived from its chief designer, Mario Castoldi, designer of the famous M.39 and M.C.72 racing planes.

The M.C.200 was a design put forward for the Regia Aeronautica's Series 0 tender set in 1934, a specification for a modern mono-wing interceptor. Of the Italian aeronautical industry, three firms submitted a prototype, the G.50 by Fiat, the Re 2000 by Reggiane and the M.C 200 by Macchi. Of the three designs, the M.C 200 won the tender, being the fastest and most advanced aircraft, although it did have issues that needed fixing before it could enter service, most notable its issues with auto-rotation and sudden, violent stalls. For this reason, the [[G.50 serie 2|Fiat G.50]], while inferior to the M.C 200, was chosen for production as well, as it would be able to enter service on short notice, the G.50 went on and served in the Spanish civil war, and for a time, alongside the M.C.200, which started production a few months after its former competitor, in the summer of 1939. At the start of the war, 144 were in service.

The best fighter Italy had at the start of the war, it remained the top-of-the-line front-line Italian fighter until the arrival of the M.C. 202 in 1941. Used on all Italian fronts, it was agile and sturdy but slow and poorly armed. A total of 1,151 were built before July, 1942. It performed well in the Greek campaign against RAF Hurricanes, and also fought in Africa and Russia. The arrival of the M.C. 202 pushed the M.C. 200 to attack, escort and homeland interceptor roles. 52 were still in service when Italy surrendered.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy fighters}}

G.50 serie 2

2019-09-16T04:23:13Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_g50_seria2_italy}}
{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the German version
| link-1 = G.50 serie 2 (Germany)
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = G.50 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]], though a variant existed in the [[G.50_serie_2_(Germany)|German tech tree]] prior to the update.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

In general, it's a slightly lesser version of the [[C.200_serie_3|M.C 200]], and as such, it very much flies the same, albeit a little bit slower.

With its decent rate of climb, its generally best to ensure you have proper altitude to play around with first. Generally for low rank planes like the G.50 3,000 - 4,000 m is generally enough, from there the way of flying should be dictated by the situation and opponents. Its good acceleration in dives and respectable dive speed means it can be used as a pure Boom & Zoomer, especially when you realise its energy retention is better then that of many other planes at its battle rating. However, it is also a decent turn-fighter, barring the poor acceleration, so it can be used as such as well. Be warned on regular biplanes and Japanese monoplanes. Both of which are considerably better, bar high speeds, where the stiffness of controls on the G.50 are less than on either biplanes or Japanese planes.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 451 || 435 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 15.8 || 16.5 || 11.9 || 11.9 || 283
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 492 || 470 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 14.4 || 15.0 || 19 || 15 || 283
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 600 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 360 || < 270 || < 500 || > 300
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,800 m || 815 hp || 958 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Fiat G.50 Freccia is a typical Italian pre war design, it's fairly sturdy, has modest speed and poor armament consisting of 2 Breda SAFAT 12.7 mm guns mounted in the upper cowling, which means it has the distinctive low rate of fire (roughly 400 rounds per minute). However it does have its merits as well, it's fairly agile, it has no trouble dog fighting Hurricanes it will commonly face, and if things become too hectic, the G.50 can quickly escape by going into a dive, and exploiting its surprisingly good dive acceleration to gain separation. Furthermore it pays to be aware of its modest acceleration and overheating, as such, it's generally advised to keep an eye on your speed and use WEP sparingly.

For the armament, the same applies to all other Italian aircraft; generally you want to use ''Tracers'', ''Air targets'' or ''Stealth'' since they are the belts that deal the most damage. Shell velocity is low, hence they suffer above 300 meters, so only fire at or below that range for best effects. Furthermore, much like the other Italian fighters the armament is woefully inadequate to deal with bombers, hence it is best to avoid them entirely, or focus on taking out the engines. The only exceptions are the very early biplane bombers, such as [[Swordfish_Mk_I|Swordfish]], [[Po-2]] and the like.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good visibility from the cockpit
* Decent rate of climb
* Good acceleration in a dive
* High maximum dive speed
* Decent high speed handling
* Good dog fighter

'''Cons:'''

* Modest armament
* Poor acceleration in level flight
* Overheating is a issue
* Guns deal very little damage at long range
* Modest speed

== History ==
The G.50 was the first all-metal Italian monoplane fighter, and the first with retractable landing gear. A contemporary of the CR.42 biplane, it was a transitional plane that was not well-liked by pilots used to more maneuverable biplanes. Sturdy and easy to handle, it was slow and poorly armed even by early war standards. Designed by Fiat's Giuseppi Gabrielli, it lost the 1936 competition for a new interceptor to the Macchi M.C. 200, but was chosen anyway. Combat flight tests in Spain in 1939 followed, and the first planes entered combat service in late 1939. Finland bought 35 G.50s, using them in their air force until 1944.

At the start of World War Two there were 118 G.50s in Italian service in two fighter ''gruppi''. They fought in the invasion of France, and then in the Battle of Britain alongside C.R. 42s, performing poorly against British fighters. It continued in service in Greece, the Mediterranean and Africa, but by 1940 was largely used as a ground attacker. A total of 782 were built.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy fighters}}

CR.42

2019-09-16T04:15:32Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_cr42_italy}}
{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the German version
| link-1 = CR.42 (Germany)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = C.R.42 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] along with the initial Italian aviation tree, though a variant existed in the Germany aircraft tech tree prior to the update.

The CR.42 possesses exceptional manoeuvrability, speed, and durability, especially for a biplane. Its armament is quite good as well, due to the Breda-SAFAT .50 calibre MGs. However, due to its BR, the majority of aircraft the CR.42 will engage is faster, and more heavily armed. The best bet for survival, and getting scores, is to climb to about medium altitude and lure fighters into turning combat. An overwhelming majority of pilots are unwilling to run from a lowly biplane, allowing you to score critical damage before they realize that they have expended all their energy and must extend away from you. By that time, the damage is usually severe enough that they cannot accelerate away from you quickly enough to escape further damage.

For the armament, the same applies to all other Italian aircraft; generally, you want to use ''Tracers'', ''Anti-air'' or ''Stealth'' since they are the belts that deal the most damage. Shell velocity is low, hence they suffer above 300 meters, so only fire at or below that range for best effects. Furthermore, much like the other Italian fighters, the armament is woefully inadequate to deal with bombers, hence it is best to avoid them entirely, or focus on taking out the engines. The only exception is the very early biplane bombers, such as the [[Swordfish Mk I|Swordfish]], [[Po-2]] and other light bombers.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 413 || 402 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.0 || 20.6 || 14.2 || 14.2 || 294
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 447 || 429 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.5 || 19.2 || 21.1 || 17.2 || 294
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 520 || ~13 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 280 || < 240 || < 450 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,300 m || 828 hp || 972 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)

The two machine guns are both mounted on the upper fuselage just in front of the pilot and fire through the propeller arc. Each is armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire together until empty.

== Usage in battles ==

In Arcade Battles (AB), the CR.42 is nothing more than a point-and-shoot arcade-style plane. There is little skill involved at these early rank matches. Therefore turning is the most appropriate tactic. However, due to the high climb rate, BnZ can be effective, as most monoplanes cannot climb nearly as fast.

In Realistic Battles (RB) and Simulator Battles (SB), as in real life, the Falco faces off advanced mono-wing designs. While daunting at first, the CR.42 is the pinnacle of biplane evolution, only rivalled by the up-gunned [[I-153P|Chaika]] series. This aircraft begins showing the playstyle that Italian pilots will use for the rest of their in-game career, which also co-incidentally carries over well to British tier III aircraft- a situationally dependent switch between Energy-fighting (Boom & Zoom) and turn-fighting.

Something that applies to this plane in all battle modes is its engine. Unlike most other biplanes and the CR.32 before it, this aircraft has a radial engine. This offers several advantages. First, it is able to offer moderate performance at all altitudes. Second, hits to the cooling system are not as damaging as they are to aircraft that have in-line engines. In-line engines will suffer from hits to their water (fluid) cooling systems- even the slightest of hits at all tiers and BRs will either outright disable the engine or make it overheat very fast, very quickly, and lead to engine death. The engine is well-cooled and has no WEP limit, so beginner pilots will not have to worry about cooling issues or rationing Manual Engine Control.

Monoplane opponents are faster and have a superior armament. You will not be able to face these planes in head-ons, nor will you be able to disengage using a high-speed dash. Once you have engaged- or been engaged- by a monoplane, you '''must''' bring the engagement to an end yourself. It is highly agile, and can easily out-manoeuvre any monoplane it will meet- these primarily being the [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricane family]], [[LaGG-3-11]]<nowiki/>s, the [[P-36 (Family)|P-36 family]] and the [[M.S.405C1]]. This plane can effectively rope-a-dope these aircraft by remaining outside their reach, while continually staying in a sustained, slow, spiral climb that allows it to preserve its speed while forcing the enemy to constantly lose it. Eventually, the enemy will stall, and you will be able to easily pick it off. Stall-fighting is one of this plane's best tactics.

Even Boom & Zoom is feasible, as altitude can be gained quickly; however, the lack of cannon armament forces the pilot to use significant trigger control as well as aiming when diving and attacking opponents at a lower level.
If booming and zooming, watch your speed in a dive. The CR.42 has a speed limit of around 440 - 480 km/h (274 - 300 mph) before the wings begin shaking (i.e. you begin to hear rattling noises, and flashing red text appears on your screen) and eventually completely rip off.

The [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)]] is actually very effective for their battle rating. Tracers are by far the best belt at this BR for fighter-on-fighter combat, due to the presence of only API-T rounds, which easily set fire to enemy biplanes and provide good penetration and damage capability. Due to the MGs being placed in the centre cowl, they provide heavy damage when the fire is focused on your opponent's wings or engine. However, when taking on bigger game, such as monoplanes or bombers, it is better to take the Air Targets belt, since it has a belt composition of API-T-API-IAI that allows it to do high amounts of damage when, again, focused on critical modules such as the engines or wings. Thanks to the relatively high rate of climb and ammo pool, this aircraft is good at intercepting twin-engine bombers that begin appearing- however, it is not recommended to attempt this as a beginner pilot. The 12.7 mms will require some experience to aim at the engines of enemy bombers, and in addition, the open cockpit and lack of armour leave it open to pilot-snipes and lucky shots to critical modules by enemy bombers.

When flying in simulator battles, visibility is normal for a biplane. Rearward vistas are non-existent while forward vision is hampered by the second strut/wing. The open cockpit does provide decent visibility in general, though.

In summary, the CR.42 Falco is a good introduction to the situational hybrid fighting style of later aircraft. It is a severely underappreciated aircraft that deserves more love and usage by pilots and is a forgiving aircraft for beginners to fly.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High speed for a biplane
* Good ammunition count
* Manoeuvrability is sufficient to out turn nearly all non-biplane opponents
* Well armed for a biplane
* Ammo belts use heavy amounts of incendiary ammo

'''Cons:'''

* Poor Energy Retention
* Lightly armed compared to most of the opposition it is faced with
* No options for striking heavy targets
* Turn rate is worse than that of most biplanes
* Poor armour protection

== History ==

The CR.42 was Fiat's attempt at modernising their CR.32 design, which was deployed during the Spanish Civil War with great success. The new fighter would be of all metal construction, with Fiat's new, homegrown A.74 supercharged radial engine. The result was a fast, accurate, and manoeuvrable platform, that, while outdated at the onset of World War II, would be almost the pinnacle of biplane design.

Early in the war, CR.42's were used with some success as escorts, night fighters, and even interceptors. Against the early Hurricanes and Spitfires, Italian and German pilots both were delighted to find that the manoeuvrability of the Falco put it, at the least, on par in a dogfight. However as the war dragged on, and enemy aircraft became faster, the CR.42 was relegated to night harassment, light ground attack, and sparingly used as night fighters.

The CR.42 is also credited with the world's last aerial combat biplane kill. A group of CR.42's based in Croatia under the command of ''Nachtschlachtgruppe 7'' were directed to Grabovica Airfield for a strafing mission. However, the flight was redirected at the last moment to a harassment mission northwest of Sisak, where they were intercepted by P-38's of the 14th Fighter Group. Three Fiats were lost for two P-38's, one of which was claimed by an unknown German pilot.

Over 1,780 were built. The plane was designed by Fiat's Celestino Rosatelli, who was also behind the CR.32 and the B.R. 20. He replaced the 32's inline engine with a less vulnerable air-cooled radial engine. Foreign orders came from Hungary (50), Belgium (34), and Sweden (72). It entered combat service with the Italian 53rd Gruppe in May, 1939. At the start of the war it was the backbone of Italy's fighter force.

Belgium's CR. 42s were the first to see action in May, 1940, claiming 3 aerial victories, but losing most of their fighters on the ground. Italy used them in the 1940 French campaign, the Battle of Britain, and over Greece, the Mediterranean, and Africa, where they sparred with another biplane, the Gloster Gladiator, until the arrival of British Hurricanes and Spitfires. 113 were still in service when Italy surrendered in September, 1943.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy fighters}}

B.R.20DR

2019-09-16T04:06:02Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=br_20_dr}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_BR.20DR.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] alongside the initial Italian aviation tree.

The BR.20 has a superb bomb load and is quite strong, being able to soak up a bit more damage than other comparable bombers. The defensive armament has excellent coverage, however the dorsal gunner is quite exposed and commonly gets hit in combat. It not only looks but also flies like a brick, this is a very slow plane and in Arcade and Realistic battles, because these game modes are so short, by the time you reach your bombing target the match may already be almost over! The BR.20 is still however quite a treat to fly and is stable and well suited to Simulator.

Another very interesting strategy the BR.20 DR is capable of is ironically, attacking other bombers. When the top & front gunner are pointed forward, the combined firepower of three 7.7 machineguns makes for a nasty surprise, especially if loaded with the AP-I belt!

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 411 || 398 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.1 || 33.5 || 2.3 || 2.3 || 750
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 452 || 430 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 30.0 || 31.0 || 7.4 || 4.6 || 750
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 480 || ~5 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 200 || < 200 || < 270 || > 335
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,100 m || 1,000 hp || 1,163 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100 (100 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)|GP 500 (500 kg)|GP 800 (800 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 12 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (600 kg total)
* 12 x 100 kg GP 100 bombs (1,200 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg GP 250 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg GP 500 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 800 kg GP 800 bombs (1,600 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, dorsal turret (500 rpg = 1,000 total)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, nose turret (500 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

While bombing, this is an excellent aircraft for flying in formation as course and speed are easily maintained and controlled.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Turret 7 mm
| MCSAP100
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| MCGP250
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
| MCRO500
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
| MCGP800
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good payload for its rank
* Fast in a dive
* Pitches very well
* Combination of roof & front turret and high spawn can easily disable enemy bombers

'''Cons:'''

* Rolls very badly, poor yaw
* Slow speed

== History ==
The standard Italian bomber of World War 2, the B.R. 20 was a technically advanced bomber for its time. More than 500 were produced over seven years, and it served on all of Italy's fronts, including Africa, Russia, the Mediterranean, and the Balkans. B.R. 20s based in Belgium participated in the Battle of Britain, taking heavy losses.

Designed by Fiat's Celestino Rosatelli, the B.R. 20 had a metal structure and duralumin/fabric covering. Its specifications had called for a top speed of 388 km/h, a bomb load of 1200 kg, and a range of 960 km, all of which it easily surpassed. Two modified B.R. 20s competed in the 1937 Istres-Damascus-Paris air race, but did not win. In 1939, another modified B.R. 20 set an endurance record for a 4,800 km flight from Rome to Addis Ababa, averaging more than 400 km/h along the route.

From 1937 to 1939 B.R. 20s served in the Spanish Civil War. The model did less well in the Battle of Britain, where the Italian air corps lost a quarter of its 80 B.R. 20Ms in their first 300 hours in the air. The model continued to be produced until 1942.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [http://warthunder.com/en/news/4758-fiat-br-20-dr-a-ruthless-warbird-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Fiat BR.20 DR - A Ruthless Warbird]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy bombers}}

M3 Stuart

2019-09-16T00:13:55Z

U78418905: /* Development */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m3_stuart}}
{{About
| about = American light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M3 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M3Stuart.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. With a better engine and transmission system than the [[M2A4|M2 light tanks]], the M3 ''Stuart'' is more able to manoeuvre the battlefield as a dependable light tank.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38.1 mm (18°) ''Driver Port'' 15.8 mm (69°) ''Front Glacis'' || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 38.1 mm || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm || 12.7 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and bogies are 15 mm thick, tracks are 10 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 12.6 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 56 (AB)
|-
|50 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|406
|500
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|232
|262
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|32.22
|39.68
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|18.41
|20.79
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M5 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M5 (37 mm)|37 mm M5]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 103 || -10°/+20° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 19.04 || 26.35 || 32.00 || __.__ || 37.65
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 11.90 || 14.00 || 17.00 || 18.80 || 20.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M74 shot || AP || 66 || 65 || 55 || 46 || 38 || 31
|-
| M51 shot || APC || 66 || 65 || 55 || 46 || 38 || 31
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M74 shot || 792 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M51 shot || 792 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks M2A4.png|right|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo rack]] of M2A4|300px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''103''' || 69 ''(+34)'' || 35 ''(+68)'' || 1 ''(+102)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,200 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Hull mount (#1)''
! colspan="7" | ''Hull mount (#2)''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,200 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A || colspan="4" | 3,200 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The M3 ''Stuart'' works best from a distance where its armour can shine and its gun can provide fast covering fire. However, this tank also works well in tight spaces if the armour is angled correctly, thanks to its ability to bounce shots and destroy the enemy with its AP ammunition.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Good front armour.
* Fast and agile.
* Reliable gun with good rate of fire.

'''Cons:'''

* Tank is cramped, one shot can knock out most crew members.
* Braking System unresponsive.
* Backwards Traverse is slow.
* Turning can be hit or miss.
* No ammunition with HE filler.

== History ==

===Development===
The American light tank design prior to World War II, the [[M2A4|M2 light tank]], was seen as obsolete after observing Germany's Panzer forces tear through Europe. The design was to be upgraded with more armour, a better suspension, and a new gun recoil system. The revised version was designated the '''Light Tank M3''', which the British named the ''Stuart''. At its basis, the light tank had a 37 mm cannon with a similar layout as the M2 light tank, with the radial engine at the rear and the transmission on the front, though the radial engine was in high demand so the Guiberson diesel T-1210 were fitted in some models to substitute the engine. The design used the VVSS bogie system seen on previous American tank designs. The tank had a crew of four: driver, assistant driver, gunner, and commander, who doubled as the loader.

The first variant of the M3 ''Stuart'' light tank was very similar to the M2 light tanks. It had five machine gun armaments scattered around like the M2, but featured better armour and a better cannon with the 37 mm M6 cannon. The design did not have a turret basket for the crew and it was constructed out of rivets, which increased the chance of spalling in the tank. Nevertheless, the first variant M3 saw about 5,811 units produced. The second variant, the '''[[M3A1 Stuart|M3A1 Stuart]]''', featured a new turret with no cupola on it, plus an added gun stabilizer. The machine guns on the hull sides were removed, so now the total machine guns were reduced from five to three. The design also featured a welded armour design to remove the weakness of riveted armour. 4,621 of this variant was produced from May 1942 to February 1943. The most used variant, the '''[[M5A1|M5A1 Stuart]]''', had a completely redesigned hull and turret, with the hull most notably having a full sloping frontal armour than the previous designs. This variant had about 6,810 units produced. All in all, the M3 light tank design and all its later variants were produced in massive quantities from March 1941 to October 1943 with a total of 25,000 units produced.

===Combat usage===
The British were the first to use the M3 ''Stuart'' in Africa in 1941, using it in Operation Crusader. However, the result ended with heavy losses, due to the better training the German Afrika Korps had compared to the British tank doctrine. The encounter also pointed out many flaws in the M3, mainly the cramped interior and limited operational range, but was praised for its high mobility and reliability when compared to the British contemporary designs. In 1942, the ''Stuarts'' were generally kept as recon units rather than combat units, and some were even modified to improve speed and range by removing the turret, and others were converted to armoured personnel carriers and command vehicles. Though the British used it extensively, it was still in small proportion compared to American usage. The Soviet Union was also another user of the M3 but found it unfavourable due to their own logistics, plus it was not made to withstand the Russian ''Rasputitsa'' or even the winter. The Soviet eventually turned down any more offers for the ''Stuart'' by 1943. The M3s also supported the British and Chinese forces in Asia against the Japanese Army, and also France and Yugoslavia in Europe against the German Wehrmacht.

The Americans used it widely in both operational theatres. In the Pacific, the M3s were the first tanks America used in a tank vs. tank operation against the Imperial Japanese Army, where five M3s fought [[Ha-Go|Type 95 Ha-Gos]] in a well-known action in the Phillippines. In total 108 M3s served with the 192nd and 194th Tank Battalions, also known as the 1st Provisional Tank Group, in the 1941 U.S. defence of the Phillippines, despite having no HE ammo issued. More than 30 were captured by the Japanese, who equipped their 7th Tank Regiment with them, who used them to defend the Philippines again, against the US in 1944. M3s were also used by Company B of the 1st Marine Tank Battalion at Guadalcanal in 1942. Though the ''Stuarts'' were newer than the Japanese tank designs by about five years, they were seen as equal in performance and firepower, but the M3 benefited by the support of the American industry arm. The ''Stuarts'' served in the Pacific slightly better than its heavier counterparts such as the [[M4|M4 ''Shermans'']] due to its lighter weight and manoeuvrability in the poor jungle terrain, but the M3 ''Stuarts'' in the Pacific were gradually replaced by M4 ''Shermans'' due to heavy losses from its thinner armour. The M3 was also some of the first US tanks to be converted into flamethrower tanks, named as the ''"Satan"''. The Satan tanks provided favourable results to the concept of a flamethrower tank and were replaced by flamethrower-equipped M4 ''Shermans'' in 1945.

In Europe, the M3 formed a large part of the American tank battalions, though following the British path by sidelining the ''Stuarts'' from combat duties after heavy losses and to serve alongside ''Shermans'' as scouting units. A typical tank battalion for the US Army consisted of three companies of ''Shermans'' and one of ''Stuarts''. Other than scouting, the M3s were also used in cavalry roles and infantry support since their cannon are unable to compete with the German tank designs. Despite their dwindling capabilities in battle, the M3 was kept in service up until the end of the war due to the large production numbers.

After World War II, the ''Stuarts'' were given out as cheap surplus, countries such as China, India, and Pakistan picked up a few and used them in their conflicts. Portuguese also picked up a few M3s for the war in Angola, and the South African Corps continued using the ''Stuarts'' until 1955, where some were still kept in service until 1968 due to available parts. Today, Paraguay is still a user of the M3 light tanks, though as the only tracked armour used in the country.

The ''Stuart'' light tank design was also quite versatile that it was made into different variants for different roles on the battlefield. It served as an infantry support vehicle as to the ''[[M8 Scott|75mm GMC M8]]'' and experiments were also taken to see if it could be adapted to an anti-aircraft gun and a flamethrower as well. However, the M3 was becoming an ageing design with inferior armour, cramped interior layout, and a small 37 mm gun, so a program to replace the light tank began in 1943 and became the [[M24|M24 ''Chaffee'']], which would eventually replace the M3 Light Tank mostly after World War II.

=== In-game description ===
"At the beginning of 1940 the Ordnance Department put together technical requirements for a new tank, the need for which was clear at the beginning of World War II. The first prototype was refashioned after the M2A4 at the Rock Island Arsenal. The tank had a riveted turret with few viewing slits, and the new M22 mantlet had thicker armor. The hull's frontal armor was also thickened to 45 mm and the turret to 38 mm. The tank hull was assembled from rolled armor plates on a frame made from angle sections and flat bars using rivets, though later releases were partially welded.

From the end of 1941 to the beginning of 1942 a lack of standard gas-powered Continental aircraft engines forced some tanks to be outfitted with 265 hp Guiberson T-1020-4 diesel-powered, nine-cylinder, air-cooled radial engines capable of reaching 2,250 rpm. The diesel tanks could be recognized by their Vortex air filters and were generally designated M3 diesels. At the end of 1941 the tanks with carburetor engines were equipped with two cylindrically-shaped external fuel tanks, each with a capacity of 102 liters, that were connected to the engine supply system. After being exhausted, the external tanks could be jettisoned by the crew without leaving the tank. Adding the new tanks doubled the M3's range.

On July 5, 1940, the new light tank was standardized and released under the M3 designation. It was more widely known by the moniker General Stuart, given it by the British, who received a significant number of them in 1941 and 1942 via Lend-Lease.

Production of the M3 began in March 1941 at the American Car & Foundry factory. March 1941 through August 1942 saw 5,811 built, 1,285 of which were equipped with the Guiberson T-1020-4 engine.

M3 Stuart light tanks were also delivered to the Red Army and the UK via Lend-Lease to be used on all fronts in World War II beginning in 1941."

== Media ==

[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23m3_stuart Skins and camouflages for the M3 Stuart from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[M2A4]] - Predecessor
* [[M3A1 Stuart|M3A1]] - Succeeding variant
* [[M5A1]]
* [[Pz.II C]] - A common opponent

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA light tanks}}

M2A4

2019-09-16T00:08:52Z

U78418905: /* Development */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m2a4}}
{{About
| about = American light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M2 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M2A4.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a reserve rank {{Specs|rank}} American light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. The first iteration of the "Stuart" series, it is a simple design with a 37 mm tank gun and speed on its side.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 25.4 mm (19°) ''Front plate'' 15.8 mm (69°) ''Front Glacis'' 25.4 mm (20°) ''Lower glacis'' || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm ''Top'' 25.4 mm (18°) ''Bottom'' || 6.35 mm
|-
| Turret || 25.4 mm (11°) ''Turret front'' 25.4 mm (12-65°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm || 6.35 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 25.4 mm || 6.35 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, tracks are 10 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 11.5 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 63 (AB)
|-
|57 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|406
|500
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|232
|262
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|35.30
|43.48
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|20.17
|22.78
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M5 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M5 (37 mm)|37 mm M5]]
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 103 || -6°/+19° || ±180°
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 19.52 || 27.01 || 32.80 || 36.27 || 38.59
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 12.20 || 14.35 || 17.42 || 19.27 || 20.50
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M74 shot || AP || 66 || 65 || 55 || 46 || 38 || 31
|-
| M51 shot || APC || 66 || 65 || 55 || 46 || 38 || 31
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M74 shot || 792 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M51 shot || 792 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks M2A4.png|right|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo rack]] of M2A4|300px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''103''' || 69 ''(+34)'' || 35 ''(+68)'' || 1 ''(+102)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 5,250 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+45° || ±90°
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Hull mount (#1)''
! colspan="7" | ''Hull mount (#2)''
! colspan="7" | ''Hull mount (#3)''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 5,250 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A || colspan="4" | 5,250 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A || colspan="4" | 5,250 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

==Usage in battles==

The M2A4 light tank is the reserve tank for the USA. As such, it is very manoeuvrable and fast, being a light tank. However, it has many distinguishing features that make it a forgiving beginners tank.

The M2A4 is most comparable to a cross between a BT-5 and T-26. The M2 has slightly less mobility than the BT-5 while being a larger target and having better armour, like the T-26. The M2A4 also has a fast-firing 37 mm M5 cannon that can fire M74 or M51 shot, as well as the M61 shell.

Its gun has better accuracy than the majority of tanks on its rank, and its APC ammo retains its penetration at most ranges. This ability to hit rapidly from range and still penetrate in part makes up for the somewhat anaemic damage of the 37mm gun.

Like all tanks of this rank, it is lightly armoured and can be damaged or knocked out by any other vehicle from anywhere on the map. A useful tactic is to make use of its speed by engaging at range and then relocating when the fire gets too heavy around you.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" |Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks||
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive||M51 shot
|-
| II
| Suspension||Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire||
|-
| III
| Filters||
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation mechanism||
|-
| IV
| Transmission||Engine
|
| Artillery Support||
|-
|}

===Pros and cons===

'''Pros:'''

* Fast and agile
* Acceptable gun
* Fair armour all around
* Machine gun secondary armament allows for flexibility in taking out exposed SPAA and Tank Destroyers
* Roof mounted 30. calibre is quite effective at taking out unarmoured aircraft

'''Cons:'''

* Uneasy handling, prone to slide at high speeds
* Quite flammable, even when hitting from the front
* Terrible steering, not adequate under 2nd gear
* Driving this straight into a wall at a fast speed can result in a crew knock out
* Can struggle to destroy larger vehicles due to lack of explosive filler

== History ==

===Development===
The '''M2 Light Tank''' series was an American pre-World War II design as their answer to a fast, effective tank in a cavalry role.

The idea of light tanks started with the Defense Act of 1920, which defined tanks as an infantry support weapon. However, multiple theorists brought up the idea of a cavalry role for the tanks to which the British were the first to incorporate with the ''cruiser tanks''. Limitation in American development leads to the establishment of light tanks as the ''combat cars''. The development team soon looked at the tank prototypes ''T1 light tank'' and the ''T2 medium tank'' from which they decided to use them as the basis for the light tank design.

Modifications made onto the experimental tanks including installing the new Vertical Volute Spring Suspension (VVSS) which became the main suspension in future American tank development, made the tanks into the '''M2A1 light tank'''. The main version used before the war was designated the [[M2A2|'''M2A2''']] and had two turrets, both with a .50 calibre M2 Browning machine gun as their armament. However, the Spanish Civil War demonstrated that this kind of light tank was insufficient for the ever-evolving tank warfare. Revising the armament of the tank, the two M2 Browning turrets were removed and replaced with a turret outfitted with a 37 mm cannon and improved armour. This became the '''M2A4''' and served as the main light tank variant in US service prior to World War II.

===Combat usage===
Although the M2 light tanks were promising in their introduction, they were soon succeeded by the [[M3 Stuart|M3]] and [[M5A1|M5]] light tanks. While development projects were in the works for bigger and better tanks, the M2 light tanks was a stopgap solution which filled a dire and immediate need for training crews and fielding tanks on the battlefield. By December 1941, the M2 light tanks were being used for training purposes only with the US Army, however, the US Marine Corps (specifically Company A, 1st Marine Tank Battalion) used a small number in combat during the Battle of Guadalcanal in the Pacific due to the lack of M3 light tanks available.

Britain ordered some M2 light tanks in early 1941 in part of the Lend-Lease Act, but only 36 were delivered before switching to the improved M3 light tanks.They were not used in combat.

A common feature on early US tanks were the large number of machine guns. Aside from the coaxial and the bow gunner's ball mounted gun, two machine guns were fixed facing forward on the sides of the hull, fired by the driver. Yet another M1919 Browning machine gun could be mounted on top of the turret in an anti-aircraft capacity.

=== In-game description ===
The M2 series traced its family tree back to the experimental T2s, with the M2A4 ending up the largest and most successful modification. Development began in 1939 after running trials for light tanks designed for infantry support as well as the M1 series. The M2 infantry tank was used as the base for construction, a model that was to undergo significant modification. The turret armor as well as the front end were thickened to 25 mm, capable of withstanding hits by light cannons and high-caliber machine guns.

The tank's weaponry was also improved with the installation of an M5 37 mm cannon paired with a 7.62 mm machine gun in the single turret. Another 7.62 mm machine gun was mounted in the front hull plate, with two more on the sides. An antiaircraft machine gun could be mounted on the top of the turret, and additional viewing slits were cut out of the turret and cupola. Most tanks featured the 360 hp Continental W-670-9A engine, which pushed their top speed to 56 km/h. Several tanks in the series were equipped with Guiberson T1020 diesel engines.

Given that September 1939 saw a spike in orders, the Rock Island Arsenal was no longer able to keep up on its own with the demand being placed on it by the US army. A tender for an additional batch was announced and won by American Car & Foundry. In October 1939 a contract for 329 tanks was signed, though it was soon expanded to 365. The last ten were assembled in April 1941 by Baldwin Locomotive Works, meaning that 375 M2A4s were produced in 1940.

The tanks only saw action on Guadalcanal and other Pacific islands. A few others were shipped to the UK via Lend-Lease and used there to train M3 medium tank crews.

== Media ==

[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23m2a4 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the M2A4 from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

[https://warthunder.com/en/news/2917/current/ Official War Thunder forum article: [Vehicle Profile<nowiki>]</nowiki> M2A4 Light Tank]

{{USA light tanks}}

Stuart VI (5th CAD) (USA)

2019-09-15T23:17:06Z

U78418905: /* In-game description */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:M5A1 (5th Arm.Div.)}}
{{Specs-Card|code=us_m5a1_stuart_canadian_5st_arm}}
{{About
| about = American premium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the regular version
| link = M5A1
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M5A1(5th arm.div.).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update_1.49_"Weapons_of_Victory"|Update 1.70.1945 "Weapons of Victory"]]. Essentially a gift version of the [[M5A1|M5A1 ''Stuart'']], its cost was $9.99 in the [https://store.gaijin.net/story.php?title=M5A1-5th-Canadian-Armoured-Division-Starter-Pack Gaijin Store], but has since been removed and is no longer obtainable.

With the fast reloading 37 mm cannon, the M5A1 Stuart can deliver some good-hitting rounds if shooting at the flank at the enemies. A frontal engagement is possible but detrimental as Stuart's thin armour makes any incoming shot lethal. If coming up to heavily armoured vehicles like the [[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1]], load the M74B1 AP round for maximum penetration. In the case the M5A1 does come across a KV-1, the recommended course of action to take it out is to get in a point-blank range and fire at the turret ring or engine rear, otherwise, there is no way for the Stuart's 37 mm to penetrate the armour.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Lower glacis)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 28.5 mm (49°) ''Front glacis'' 63.5 mm (33-37°) ''Lower glacis'' || 28.5 mm || 28.5 mm (46°) ''Top'' 25.4 mm (1°) ''Middle'' 25.4 mm (20°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 44.4 mm (11-13°) ''Turret front'' 50.8 mm (2-43°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 31.75 mm (1°) || 31.75 mm (1°) || 12.7 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, bogies, and tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Tracks are placed on the turret side and rear that can provide about 10 mm of extra armour.
* An extra 12.7 mm RHA metal plate is present on the right side of the turret near the pintle 7.62 mm machine gun.
* A 5 mm Structural steel box is present, mounted on the vehicle rear.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 15.6 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 62 (AB)
|-
|56 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|459
|565
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|262
|296
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|29.42
|36.22
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|16.79
|18.97
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M6 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M6 (37 mm)|37 mm M6]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 147 || -12°/+20° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 14.28 || 19.80 || 24.0 || 26.60 || 28.20
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.4 || 22.60 || 24.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 90 || 89 || 69 || 50 || 37 || 27
|-
| M63 Shell || HE || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 79 || 78 || 69 || 59 || 51 || 43
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M63 Shell || HE || 807 || 0.73 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 38 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks M5A1.png|right|thumbnail|300px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo rack]] of the M5A1 Stuart.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''147''' || 111 ''(+36)'' || 74 ''(+73)'' || 37 ''(+110)'' || 1 ''(+146)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 600 (200) || 577 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Like all early American tanks in early ranks, this tank works best from a distance where its armour can shine and its gun can provide fast covering fire. However, this tank also works well in tight spaces if the armour is angled correctly, thanks to is the ability to bounce shots and snipe enemy crew with its AP ammunition.

When fighting against 1.3 to 2.3 BR tanks, use your tank offensively. Push to the cap and hold it, peak out and aim for gunners, then finish them off. the biggest threat to you in this bracket is the SPAA and Tank Destroyers, as both can quickly destroy you. When fighting SPAA, peak and knock out their gunner as fast as possible. Do not wait for him to come to you, get him when he isn't expecting it. Tank destroyers are similar, if you can get a shot when he can't aim at you, take it.

There are always times when you get up-tiered to 3.3 and start facing the long 75mm guns of Germany and Japan. Don't let that stop you from topping the leader board. Use your superior speed to get to the cap before anyone else and take it. Be mindful of artillery but don't expose yourself just to get out of its range. Remain in or close to the cap until you can see the enemy tanks approaching. On maps like [[Port_Novorossiysk|Novorossiysk]] where you can hide in the park's capture point without being seen, watch for the enemy mediums to leave the urban area. That is your chance, peak and aim for gunners. if there is more than one, change your position and cripple as many as you can, then finish off anyone who hasn't retreated. By now your mediums will have arrived, so you can play more aggressively. Flank them hard and hit them from behind. Be sure not to be surprised by SPAA, because at this BR they will cripple and destroy you in a heartbeat.

In battle matches, it's best to flank them. Head around as far away from the usual battle sites as possible and then hit them from behind. A good surprise attack from the rear could get you as much as 4-5 destroyed tanks in less than a minute.

Always remember that your armour can bounce low-velocity shots, but don't rely on it. most tanks can and will penetrate your upper glacis.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* High top speed, good acceleration
* Better handling than it's predecessors
* Armour is mediocre but is good
* Good rate of fire
* Gun can penetrate most tanks it faces
* Fast turning speeds
* Can rotate quickly while not in motion
* Accelerates fast on flat terrain

'''Cons:'''

* Crew of 4, only 1 spare crew member
* Exposed fuel tank and engine
* Prone to fires
* As with the American 37 mm cannons, AP shots have no HE filler
* AP Shots often fail to fragment when penetrating other vehicles

== History ==

===Development===
The American light tank design prior to World War II, the [[M2A4|M2 light tank]], was seen as obsolete after observing Germany's Panzer forces tear through Europe. The design was to be upgraded with more armour, a better suspension, and a new gun recoil system. The revised version was designated the '''[[M3 (37 mm)|Light Tank M3]]''', and given the name '''"General Stuart"''' by the British. At its basis, the light tank had a 37 mm cannon with a similar layout as the M2 light tank, with the radial engine at the rear and the transmission on the front, though the radial engine was in high demand so the Guiberson diesel T-1210 were fitted in some models to substitute the engine. The design used the VVSS bogie system seen on previous American tank designs. The tank had a crew of four: driver, assistant driver, gunner, and commander, who doubled as the loader.

The first variant of the M3 Stuart light tank was very similar to the M2 light tanks. It had five machine gun armaments scattered around like the M2 but featured better armour and a better cannon with the 37 mm M6 cannon. The design did not have a turret basket for the crew and it was constructed out of rivets, which increased the chance of spalling in the tank. Nevertheless, the first variant M3 saw about 5,811 units produced. The second variant, the '''[[M3A1 Stuart|Light Tank M3A1 Stuart]]''', featured a new turret with no cupola on it, plus an added gun stabilizer. The machine guns on the hull sides were removed, so now the total machine guns were reduced from five to three. The design also featured a welded armour design to remove the weakness of riveted armour. 4,621 of this variant was produced from May 1942 to February 1943. The most used variant, the '''Light Tank M5A1 Stuart''', had a completely redesigned hull and turret, with the hull most notably having a full sloping frontal armour than the previous designs. This variant had about 6,810 units produced. All in all, the Stuart light tank design and its variants were produced in massive quantities from March 1941 to October 1943 with a total of 25,000 units produced.

The M5A1 model proper, unlike the M3 and M3A1, was not Lend-Leased to the British. Instead, the Commonwealth countries received the functionally identical M3A3 model, which they called the "Stuart V", however. In total, 3,427 M3A3s were built, seeing service with the British and Canadians in Europe beginning in 1944, as well as with the Yugoslav partisans and the Chinese army in Burma. With the British and Canadians they were used in the recce troops of armoured regiments, tank battalions, and armoured recce regiments, starting in 1944.

===Combat usage===
The British were the first to use the M3 Stuart in Africa in 1941, using it in Operation Crusader. However, the result ended with heavy losses, due to the better training the German Afrika Korps had compared to the British tank doctrine. The encounter also pointed out many flaws in the Stuart, mainly the cramped interior and limited operational range, but was praised for its high mobility and reliability when compared to the British contemporary designs. In 1942, the Stuarts were generally kept as recon units rather than combat units, and some were even modified to improve speed and range by removing the turret, and others were converted to armoured personnel carriers and command vehicles. Though the British used it extensively, it was still in small proportion compared to American usage. The Soviet Union was also another user of the Stuart tanks but found it unfavourable due to their own logistics, plus it was not made to withstand the Russian ''Rasputitsa'' or even the winter. The Soviet eventually turned down any more offers for the Stuart by 1943. The Canadians also used it in their armoured force, such as in the ''5th Canadian Armoured Division''. Stuarts also served with British and Chinese forces in Asia against the Japanese Army, and Yugoslavian partisans

The Americans used it widely in both operational theatres. In the Pacific, the Stuarts were the first tanks America used in a tank vs. tank operation against the Imperial Japanese Army, where five M3s fought Type 95 Ha-Gos in the Phillippines. Though the Stuarts were newer than the Japanese tank designs by about five years, they were seen as equal in performance and firepowe. The Stuarts served in the Pacific slightly better than its heavier counterparts such as the [[M4|M4 Shermans]] due to its lighter weight and manoeuvrability in the poor jungle terrain, but the Stuarts in the Pacific were dyo;; gradually replaced by M4 Shermans. In Europe, the Stuarts formed a large part of the American tank battalions, though increasingly following the British path by sidelining the Stuarts from combat duties after heavy losses and to serve alongside Shermans as scouting units. A typical tank battalion for the US Army consisted of three companies of Shermans and one of the Stuarts. The Stuarts, other than scouting, were also used in cavalry roles and infantry support since their cannon are unable to compete with the German tank designs. Despite their dwindling capabilities in battle, the Stuart was kept in service up until the end of the war.

After World War II, the Stuarts were given out as cheap surplus, countries such as China, India, and Pakistan picked up a few and used them in their conflicts. Portuguese also picked up a few Stuarts for the war in Angola, and the South African Corps continued using the Stuarts until 1955, where some were still kept in service until 1968 due to available parts. Today, Paraguay is still a user of the Stuart light tanks, though as the only tracked armour used in the country.

The Stuart light tank design was also quite versatile that it was made into different variants for different roles on the battlefield. It served as an infantry support vehicle as to the ''[[M8|75mm GMC M8]]'' and experiments were also taken to see if it could be adapted to an anti-aircraft gun and a flamethrower as well. However, the Stuarts were becoming an aging design with inferior armour, cramped interior layout, and a small 37 mm gun, so a program to replace the light tank began in 1943 and became the [[M24|M24 Chaffee]], which would eventually replace the Stuarts beginning toward the end of World War II.

=== In-game description ===
In November 1942 the M5 Stuart light tank was outfitted with the M3A3 turret, resulting in the Stuart series' final modification. The bulwark was made standard, different from the M5, and a safety hatch was added to the hull floor in addition to a new periscope in the turret. The tank commander got a second turret rotator and the ability to control the turret separately from the gunner. Late model M5A1s were characterized by armored cover for the anti-aircraft gun emplacement and an equipment case on the back of the hull. In addition, stamped weight-bearing rollers began to be used in the running gear.

M5A1s were produced by Cadillac and American Car & Foundry (beginning in September 1943). By June 1944 a total of 6,810 had been made, making the M5A1 modification the most popular.

At the time of the Normandy invasion the US army primarily used M5A1s, though it was difficult for them to get through the Normandy hedges. Even equipped with special hedge-clearing equipment, light tanks often got stuck due to their under-powered engines, making them easy prey for German anti-tank guns. Thinner than on medium tanks, their armor made them especially vulnerable to panzerfausts. The battles of summer 1944 saw heavy losses in light tank companies. The casualty rate decreased during the fall somewhat, primarily because they played a lesser role and division commanders tried to keep them out of battles where they might face stronger opponents. In contrast to the Americans, the British used their comparable Stuart V's primarily in a reconnaissance and command role.

Shown as a tank from the Canadian Fifth Armoured Division, the "Mighty Maroon Machine", which first saw service in Italy in early 1944 and was transferred to North West Europe at the start of 1945.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA light tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

Stuart VI (5th CAD) (USA)

2019-09-15T23:09:47Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:M5A1 (5th Arm.Div.)}}
{{Specs-Card|code=us_m5a1_stuart_canadian_5st_arm}}
{{About
| about = American premium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the regular version
| link = M5A1
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M5A1(5th arm.div.).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update_1.49_"Weapons_of_Victory"|Update 1.70.1945 "Weapons of Victory"]]. Essentially a gift version of the [[M5A1|M5A1 ''Stuart'']], its cost was $9.99 in the [https://store.gaijin.net/story.php?title=M5A1-5th-Canadian-Armoured-Division-Starter-Pack Gaijin Store], but has since been removed and is no longer obtainable.

With the fast reloading 37 mm cannon, the M5A1 Stuart can deliver some good-hitting rounds if shooting at the flank at the enemies. A frontal engagement is possible but detrimental as Stuart's thin armour makes any incoming shot lethal. If coming up to heavily armoured vehicles like the [[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1]], load the M74B1 AP round for maximum penetration. In the case the M5A1 does come across a KV-1, the recommended course of action to take it out is to get in a point-blank range and fire at the turret ring or engine rear, otherwise, there is no way for the Stuart's 37 mm to penetrate the armour.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Lower glacis)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 28.5 mm (49°) ''Front glacis'' 63.5 mm (33-37°) ''Lower glacis'' || 28.5 mm || 28.5 mm (46°) ''Top'' 25.4 mm (1°) ''Middle'' 25.4 mm (20°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 44.4 mm (11-13°) ''Turret front'' 50.8 mm (2-43°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 31.75 mm (1°) || 31.75 mm (1°) || 12.7 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, bogies, and tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Tracks are placed on the turret side and rear that can provide about 10 mm of extra armour.
* An extra 12.7 mm RHA metal plate is present on the right side of the turret near the pintle 7.62 mm machine gun.
* A 5 mm Structural steel box is present, mounted on the vehicle rear.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 15.6 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 62 (AB)
|-
|56 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|459
|565
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|262
|296
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|29.42
|36.22
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|16.79
|18.97
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M6 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M6 (37 mm)|37 mm M6]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 147 || -12°/+20° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 14.28 || 19.80 || 24.0 || 26.60 || 28.20
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.4 || 22.60 || 24.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 90 || 89 || 69 || 50 || 37 || 27
|-
| M63 Shell || HE || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 79 || 78 || 69 || 59 || 51 || 43
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M63 Shell || HE || 807 || 0.73 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 38 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks M5A1.png|right|thumbnail|300px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo rack]] of the M5A1 Stuart.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''147''' || 111 ''(+36)'' || 74 ''(+73)'' || 37 ''(+110)'' || 1 ''(+146)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 600 (200) || 577 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Like all early American tanks in early ranks, this tank works best from a distance where its armour can shine and its gun can provide fast covering fire. However, this tank also works well in tight spaces if the armour is angled correctly, thanks to is the ability to bounce shots and snipe enemy crew with its AP ammunition.

When fighting against 1.3 to 2.3 BR tanks, use your tank offensively. Push to the cap and hold it, peak out and aim for gunners, then finish them off. the biggest threat to you in this bracket is the SPAA and Tank Destroyers, as both can quickly destroy you. When fighting SPAA, peak and knock out their gunner as fast as possible. Do not wait for him to come to you, get him when he isn't expecting it. Tank destroyers are similar, if you can get a shot when he can't aim at you, take it.

There are always times when you get up-tiered to 3.3 and start facing the long 75mm guns of Germany and Japan. Don't let that stop you from topping the leader board. Use your superior speed to get to the cap before anyone else and take it. Be mindful of artillery but don't expose yourself just to get out of its range. Remain in or close to the cap until you can see the enemy tanks approaching. On maps like [[Port_Novorossiysk|Novorossiysk]] where you can hide in the park's capture point without being seen, watch for the enemy mediums to leave the urban area. That is your chance, peak and aim for gunners. if there is more than one, change your position and cripple as many as you can, then finish off anyone who hasn't retreated. By now your mediums will have arrived, so you can play more aggressively. Flank them hard and hit them from behind. Be sure not to be surprised by SPAA, because at this BR they will cripple and destroy you in a heartbeat.

In battle matches, it's best to flank them. Head around as far away from the usual battle sites as possible and then hit them from behind. A good surprise attack from the rear could get you as much as 4-5 destroyed tanks in less than a minute.

Always remember that your armour can bounce low-velocity shots, but don't rely on it. most tanks can and will penetrate your upper glacis.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* High top speed, good acceleration
* Better handling than it's predecessors
* Armour is mediocre but is good
* Good rate of fire
* Gun can penetrate most tanks it faces
* Fast turning speeds
* Can rotate quickly while not in motion
* Accelerates fast on flat terrain

'''Cons:'''

* Crew of 4, only 1 spare crew member
* Exposed fuel tank and engine
* Prone to fires
* As with the American 37 mm cannons, AP shots have no HE filler
* AP Shots often fail to fragment when penetrating other vehicles

== History ==

===Development===
The American light tank design prior to World War II, the [[M2A4|M2 light tank]], was seen as obsolete after observing Germany's Panzer forces tear through Europe. The design was to be upgraded with more armour, a better suspension, and a new gun recoil system. The revised version was designated the '''[[M3 (37 mm)|Light Tank M3]]''', and given the name '''"General Stuart"''' by the British. At its basis, the light tank had a 37 mm cannon with a similar layout as the M2 light tank, with the radial engine at the rear and the transmission on the front, though the radial engine was in high demand so the Guiberson diesel T-1210 were fitted in some models to substitute the engine. The design used the VVSS bogie system seen on previous American tank designs. The tank had a crew of four: driver, assistant driver, gunner, and commander, who doubled as the loader.

The first variant of the M3 Stuart light tank was very similar to the M2 light tanks. It had five machine gun armaments scattered around like the M2 but featured better armour and a better cannon with the 37 mm M6 cannon. The design did not have a turret basket for the crew and it was constructed out of rivets, which increased the chance of spalling in the tank. Nevertheless, the first variant M3 saw about 5,811 units produced. The second variant, the '''[[M3A1 Stuart|Light Tank M3A1 Stuart]]''', featured a new turret with no cupola on it, plus an added gun stabilizer. The machine guns on the hull sides were removed, so now the total machine guns were reduced from five to three. The design also featured a welded armour design to remove the weakness of riveted armour. 4,621 of this variant was produced from May 1942 to February 1943. The most used variant, the '''Light Tank M5A1 Stuart''', had a completely redesigned hull and turret, with the hull most notably having a full sloping frontal armour than the previous designs. This variant had about 6,810 units produced. All in all, the Stuart light tank design and its variants were produced in massive quantities from March 1941 to October 1943 with a total of 25,000 units produced.

The M5A1 proper, unlike the M3 and M3A1, was not Lend-Leased to the British. Instead, the Commonwealth countries received the M3A3 model, which they called the "Stuart V"; it was functionally identical to the M5A1, however. In total, 3,427 M3A3s were built, seeing service with the British and Canadians in Europe beginning in 1944, as well as with the Yugoslav partisans and the Chinese army in Burma. With the British and Canadians they were used in the recce troops of armoured regiments, tank battalions, and armoured recce regiments, starting in 1944.

===Combat usage===
The British were the first to use the M3 Stuart in Africa in 1941, using it in Operation Crusader. However, the result ended with heavy losses, due to the better training the German Afrika Korps had compared to the British tank doctrine. The encounter also pointed out many flaws in the Stuart, mainly the cramped interior and limited operational range, but was praised for its high mobility and reliability when compared to the British contemporary designs. In 1942, the Stuarts were generally kept as recon units rather than combat units, and some were even modified to improve speed and range by removing the turret, and others were converted to armoured personnel carriers and command vehicles. Though the British used it extensively, it was still in small proportion compared to American usage. The Soviet Union was also another user of the Stuart tanks but found it unfavourable due to their own logistics, plus it was not made to withstand the Russian ''Rasputitsa'' or even the winter. The Soviet eventually turned down any more offers for the Stuart by 1943. The Canadians also used it in their armoured force, such as in the ''5th Canadian Armoured Division'' that served at Italy in 1943 and Belgium in 1945 against the Axis Forces. The Stuarts also supported the British and Chinese forces in Asia against the Japanese Army, and also France and Yugoslavia in Europe against the German Wehrmacht.

The Americans used it widely in both operational theatres. In the Pacific, the Stuarts were the first tanks America used in a tank vs. tank operation against the Imperial Japanese Army, where five M3s fought Type 95 Ha-Gos in the Phillippines. Though the Stuarts were newer than the Japanese tank designs by about five years, they were seen as equal in performance and firepower, but the Stuart benefited by the support of the American industry arm. The Stuarts served in the Pacific slightly better than its heavier counterparts such as the [[M4|M4 Shermans]] due to its lighter weight and manoeuvrability in the poor jungle terrain, but the Stuarts in the Pacific were gradually replaced by M4 Shermans. In Europe, the Stuarts formed a large part of the American tank battalions, though following the British path by sidelining the Stuarts from combat duties after heavy losses and to serve alongside Shermans as scouting units. A typical tank battalion for the US Army consisted of three companies of Shermans and one of the Stuarts. The Stuarts, other than scouting, were also used in cavalry roles and infantry support since their cannon are unable to compete with the German tank designs. Despite their dwindling capabilities in battle, the Stuart was kept in service up until the end of the war due to the large production numbers.

After World War II, the Stuarts were given out as cheap surplus, countries such as China, India, and Pakistan picked up a few and used them in their conflicts. Portuguese also picked up a few Stuarts for the war in Angola, and the South African Corps continued using the Stuarts until 1955, where some were still kept in service until 1968 due to available parts. Today, Paraguay is still a user of the Stuart light tanks, though as the only tracked armour used in the country.

The Stuart light tank design was also quite versatile that it was made into different variants for different roles on the battlefield. It served as an infantry support vehicle as to the ''[[M8|75mm GMC M8]]'' and experiments were also taken to see if it could be adapted to an anti-aircraft gun and a flamethrower as well. However, the Stuarts were becoming an ageing design with inferior armour, cramped interior layout, and a small 37 mm gun, so a program to replace the light tank began in 1943 and became the [[M24|M24 Chaffee]], which would eventually replace the Stuarts mostly after World War II.

=== In-game description ===
In November 1942 the M5 Stuart light tank was outfitted with an M3A3 turret, resulting in the Stuart series' final modification. The bulwark was made standard, different from the M5, and a safety hatch was added to the hull floor in addition to a new periscope in the turret. The tank commander got a second turret rotator and the ability to control the turret separately from the gunner. Late model M5A1s were characterized by armored cover for the anti-aircraft gun emplacement and an equipment case on the back of the hull. In addition, stamped weight-bearing rollers began to be used in the running gear.

M5A1s were produced by Cadillac and American Car & Foundry (beginning in September 1943). By June 1944 a total of 6,810 had been made, making the M5A1 modification the most popular.

At the time of the Normandy invasion the US army primarily used M5A1s, though it was difficult for them to get through the Normandy hedges. Even equipped with special hedge-clearing equipment, light tanks often got stuck due to their under-powered engines, making them easy prey for German anti-tank guns. Thinner than on medium tanks, their armor made them especially vulnerable to panzerfausts. The battles of summer 1944 saw heavy losses in light tank companies. The casualty rate decreased during the fall somewhat, primarily because they played a lesser role and division commanders tried to keep them out of battles where they might face stronger opponents. In contrast to the Americans, the British used M3A3s and even M3A1s in addition to the M5A1 in Europe. They predominantly played a reconnaissance and command role.

Shown as a tank from the Canadian Fifth Armored Division.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA light tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

Grant I (USA)

2019-09-15T23:00:56Z

U78418905: /* Development */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_mk1_grant}}
{{About
| about = American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the version in the British tree
| link = Grant I (Great Britain)
}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_GrantI.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]] in the initial batch of US vehicles available at launch. It is a modified version of the [[M3 Lee|M3 Lee]] in the American medium tree line with a redesigned turret made for the British Army. It is currently available for purchase with Golden Eagles in the American tech tree.

The Grant is most well recognized for its tall profile and two cannons. The suspension resembles that of the [[M4|M4 Sherman]], the only notable difference being the return rollers' positions. The hull front is also stepped into two plates, where the upper is closer to vertical. The large sponson on the right side carries the main 75 mm gun; note that with 2 crew, it is the operational gun. The 37 mm gun is in a turret, mounted with a leftward offset. Its main notable difference from the M3 Lee is a redesigned turret.

Due to the presence of two cannons, this tank is an excellent multi-role vehicle. The Grant can be played it as a brawler combining the agile 37 mm gun with the high damage of the 75 mm gun, but don't get too close, in fact, the turreted gun has a bad depression and, combined with the high profile, tends to make close tanks difficult to hit. Note that the different guns can be assigned different keys to be separately used, so it is possible to select the 75 mm as a primary weapon, allowing the optics to accommodate the 75 mm shells (and not from the point of view of the 37mm gun) and use the bullet drop indicator in [[:Category:Game_modes|arcade battles]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38.1 mm (54°) ''Front Glacis'' 50.8 mm (15-55°) ''Transmission area'' 50.8 mm (30°) ''Driver port'' 38.1 mm (0-57°) ''Hull gun mount'' || 38.1 mm (0-22°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm ''Bottom'' || 38.1 mm (1-14°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm (15-53°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 76.2 mm (1-57°) ''Turret front'' 38.1 mm (1-69°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (7-45°) || 50.8 mm (1-35°) || 38.1 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 50.8 mm || 38.1 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Hull doors and vision ports are 38.1 mm thick.
* Turret ring is 50.8 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 27.9 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 43 (AB)
|-
|39 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|620
|763
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|354
|400
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|22.22
|27.35
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|12.69
|14.34
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M5 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M5 (37 mm)|37 mm M5]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 128 || -7°/+60° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 10.70 || 14.80 || 18.00 || 19.90 || 21.20
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 10.70 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 78 || 76 || 65 || 54 || 44 || 37
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 78 || 76 || 65 || 54 || 44 || 37
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_M3Lee.png|right|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the M3 Lee|300px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''128''' || 122 ''(+6)'' || 104 ''(+24)'' || 86 ''(+42)'' || 69 ''(+59)''|| 52 ''(+76)''|| 35 ''(+93)'' || 18 ''(+110)'' || 1 ''(+127)'' || Yes
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|M2 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M2 (75 mm)|75 mm M2]]
|-
! colspan="6" | ''Hull mount''
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 65 || -9°/+20° || ±15° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert Qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace Qualif.
|-
| 6.50 || 5.75 || 5.30 || 5.00
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 96 || 95 || 81 || 66 || 54 || 45
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| M62 shot || APCBC || 79 || 78 || 72 || 65 || 58 || 52
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 588 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 448 || 6.3 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 666 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M62 shot || APCBC || 588 || 6.8 || 1.2 || 20 || 63.7 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| M89 || 259 || 3 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''65''' || XX || 1 ''(+64)'' || Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The multiple cannons allow for different combinations of attack. The 75 mm gun possesses armour penetration on about the level of the 37mm gun; however, the damage upon penetration is extremely high with the M61 APCBC shell due to the HE filler. On the other hand, the 37mm gun allows for close quarters and longer-range fighting, where its high-velocity and effective shell make for good long range targeting while it is also the only cannon on the Grant that has a full 360-degree traverse.

Different guns mean different styles of play. The Grant can be played as a tank destroyer, using its sponson gun to take shots at medium range and its 37mm to cover the flanks and make longer range snipe shots. The Grant can also be used as an assault tank, quickly advancing on points while switching between the powerful 75mm gun and the faster-firing 37mm. In all game modes, the two gun profiles should be assigned to different keys, this will allow players to aim using the sights of the three guns separately, allowing the usage of the individual optics to actually hit things at range.

Being at BR 2.7, the Grant I has the possibility of facing long-barrelled [[Pz.III J1|Pz.Kpfw. III]], and [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV]], as well as [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]]s, and (rarely) the [[Chi-Nu II]]. The [[ZiS-30]] is also very deadly, as its gun is competitive even at 5.7. The 75 mm gun can reliable penetrate all of these tanks at short range (save the T-34), whereas the 37 mm will require some particular shot placement.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Ability to use two guns: a 37 mm and a 75 mm - which is very powerful at this rank
* Fine frontal armour
* Side mounted 75 mm gives the ability for some unique tactics
* Despite the tall profile, the "wedding cake" design of the turret has thick sloped armour, providing extra protection to make up for its height

'''Cons:'''

* Tall profile, big target
* Fixed 75 mm gun in the sponson makes it harder to use as a primary
* Slow traverse speeds make it easy for a light or a particularly speedy medium tank to sneak around the sides

== History ==


===Development===
After the development of the [[M2|M2 medium tank]], the Battle of France showed that such a tank was not going to be capable to go up against the German [[Pz.III F|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]]. With the Western Allies now embroiled in the North African campaign against the Germans and Italians, the Allies needed a good tank capable of going against the Panzer tanks, and they needed it quickly.

The [[M3 Lee|'''M3 Lee''']] tank started from the basis of the M2 Medium Tank, using the chassis and the VVSS suspension system. It was to mount the 75 mm cannon, however it was discovered that the United States does not have a turret design that could mount the 75 mm gun. So as development on the turret proceeded, the 75 mm on the M3 would be sponson-mounted. This design was tested on the M2 medium tank as the ''T5E2'', which was approved for the M3 design. The M3 featured a medium tank with two guns, the 75 mm on the hull sponson mount, and a 37 mm with a coaxial machine gun on a turret. The turret cupola also had its own machine gun and there were also two fixed bow machine guns. The use of two gun mounts on a tank was similar to the German [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]] and Soviet [[T-35]] tanks. The M3's 75 mm gun however presented a huge advantage over contemporary tank armaments, as the 75 mm could fire high-explosive rounds for against infantry and anti-tank guns, yet could also fire a shell with a high enough velocity for anti-tank purposes.

The M3's faults were the high profile and the sponson mount for its main armament. The M3 was 10 ft. 3 in. tall, a feet taller than the M2 medium tank. The 75 mm on a sponson mount meant that the main armament of the tank had a limited traverse compared to a rotatable turret and forced the tank to reveal much of its body in order to aim the gun at the enemy. The M3 was also constructed out of rivets (which increased spalling) and had a smooth track design which reduced ground traction. Despite these disadvantages, the British happily accepted them as they were critically low on tanks. German Colonel Hans von Luck said he even considered them superior to the [[Pz.IV E|Panzer IVs]].

The M3 first saw service with the British in the campaign for North Africa beginning in May, 1942. Those that had been made with a British-designed turret were identified as "Grant", whereas an additional quantity that were Lend-Leased to the British later on with the standard U.S turret were named "Lee." The British cast turret on the Grant was considered superior in terms of frontal protection and replaced the American smoke dischargers with a British smoke mortar, but did not have the cupola or cupola MG of the Lee. The Grant also moved the radio into the turret, removing the need for a separate radio operator position in the hull (the Americans would later do this with their M3s as well). Their baptism of fire was the Gazala battles, where 167 Grants were present with 1st and 7th Armoured Divisions. Regiments with Grants were initially organized on a 2:1 Grants-to-Stuarts, or a 2:1 Crusaders-to-Grants basis, but by 2nd Alamein in October, 1942, Shermans had also been added into that mix. Still, over 170 Grants or Lees were in the line for that battle. There were 3 tanks in a Grant/Lee troop. By May, 1943, all British Grants and Lees were replaced with newer tanks, mostly the Sherman.

Production on the Lee had begun in August 1941. A majority of these were completed at Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The British would receive more than their original order of 1,250 tanks. Of the total 6,258 M3s built by the US between start up to the end of production in December 1942, 2,855 units (over 1,600 Grants, and over 1,200 Lees) went to the British and 1,386 Lees went to the Soviet Union, were they served until 1943 before being replaced. A mix of Grants ahd Lees were also used by the Australians and Indians in the India-Burma theater, beginning in December, 1943, serving there until the end of the war with Japan. The M3 risked causing confusion in British service as the same "M3" designation was given to the [[M3 Stuart|M3 Light Tank]]. This set off their tradition of naming American-made tanks after generals, where the M3 medium tank earned the name [[M3 Lee|''Lee'']] for the American-turret variant ('''Grant''' for the British variant) and the M3 light tank was called the ''Stuart''. Americans did not use these names themselves, only starting to name their tanks after the war.

===Combat usage===
Combat experience with the M3 Lee was complicated but favourable. In Africa, the Lees and Grants in British and American service surprised the German forces when they could withstand the 50 mm KwK 38 L/42 gun and 75 mm KwK 37 L/24 howitzer armament on the Panzer IIIs and Panzer IVs. The M3 Lee proved reliable and adequate in armour protection. The Soviet's experience with the M3 Lee was less favourable, as their [[T-34 (1941)|T-34 tanks]] were much better in combat performance. The Soviets euphemistically called it a "grave for six men" and the Lee tanks were relegated to the secondary fronts or repurposed as armoured personnel carriers. In the Pacific, the M3 Lees were lent to the Australians and Indians, which proved vastly superior to the Japanese tanks in service. The only American use of the M3 Lee at the Pacific Theater was during the Battle of Makin Island.

The M3 Lee served fine as a stop-gap solution for the American tank development. They performed very well on the combat field and proved very reliable. However, once a 75 mm turret was finally designed, the M3 Lee was redesigned to use it, and the resulting tank was the [[M4|M4 Sherman]], which will go on to replace the M3 tanks in the Allies as they are withdrawn from service. Even if it wasn't, the M3 was becoming obsolete due to newer German tanks being deployed, such as the [[Panther D|Panther]], [[Tiger_H1|Tiger I]], or improvement of old chassis like [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV Ausf. G]] and [[StuG III F|StuG III Ausf. F]]. Its obsolescence was a consequence of its own rather unique development and anachronistic design, limiting this medium tank's service life to a mere two years in Allied hands. However, it lived on until the end of WW2 in some modifications such as tractor and recovery vehicle. The chassis and running gear were adapted by the Canadians to develop their [[M4A5|''Ram'' medium tank]].

===An anecdote===

::"The 75 (mm gun) is firing. The 37 (mm gun) is firing, but it is traversed around the wrong way. The Browning (machine gun) is jammed. I am saying ‘Driver advance’ on the A set and the driver, who can’t hear me, is reversing. And as I look over the top of the turret and see twelve enemy tanks fifty yards away, someone hands me a cheese sandwich.” —''British Lieutenant Ken Giles, tank commander of a M3 Grant''<ref name="GrantAnecdote">Bell, Chris. "Fury: All You Need to Know about Life in a Tank." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 24 Oct. 2014. Web. 12 Jan. 2017. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11167575/Fury-all-you-need-to-know-about-life-in-a-tank.html></ref>

=== In-game description ===
The bitter taste left in the mouth of British builders after battles in Greece and France forced them to take a hard look at the future of their armor. They did not have a single powerful artillery system of their own, though the US at the time had just begun producing their new M3 Lee and its sponson-mounted 75 mm cannon.

After evaluating the American-made M3, the British decided that it would primarily be used in North Africa. A major invasion was planned for 1941, and so the Americans were asked to develop a new and elongated cast turret with a bustle at the back for a British Wireless Set No. 19. Periscopes were added on each side closer to the back in addition to slots from which to fire personal weapons. The cupola was unneeded and removed, being replaced by a short addition with a folding hatch in front of an antenna output. In total, the turret became 30 mm shorter, reducing the tank's profile. The M3 modification for the British was designated the Grant Mk I.

The first contracts with Baldwin, Lima, and Pullman were signed at the end of 1940, with deliveries totaling 1,685 units beginning six months later.

The Grant Mk I saw action in North Africa from 1942 to 1943 with varying success. Crew members reported that the German Pz.II and Pz.III tanks shot their armor-piercing shells from a distance of 1,100 meters. The Mk I was not as maneuverable as its German counterparts, and its side armor could not sustain hits from 50 mm tank cannons. Further, 88 mm anti-tank guns easily pierced its armor, while the high silhouette made long-range targeting easier.

The British Grant Mk Is saw limited action in the 1943 invasion of Sicily.

== Media ==

[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#Grant Skins and camouflages for the Grant Mk.I from live.warthunder.com.]

[[File:M3Lee + Grant.jpg|x300px|thumb|none|The [[M3 Lee]] (right) and M3 Grant (left) in the North Africa Theater.]]

{{Youtube-gallery|5XbdErI74vQ|Bovington Tank Museum Tank Chats: M3 Grant}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA medium tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}
<references />

M3 Lee

2019-09-15T22:58:48Z

U78418905: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m3_lee}}
{{About
| about = American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M3 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M3Lee.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a rank {{specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. This tank was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. The M3 Lee gives the player a substantial upgrade in firepower and armour compared to the [[M2|M2 Medium]] and [[M2A4|M2 Lights]] with a combination of 37 mm and 75 mm cannon on the tank. The two guns make this tank awkward and hard to control for a new player but will give an edge when its handling and operation are mastered properly.

The M3 Lee is most well recognized for its tall profile and two cannons. The suspension resembles that of the [[M4|M4 Sherman]], the only notable difference being the return rollers' positions. The hull front is also stepped into two plates, where the upper is closer to vertical. The large sponson on the right side of the tank carries the main 75 mm gun; note that with 2 crew, it is the operational gun. The 37 mm gun is in a turret, mounted with a leftward offset, and has a small MG cupola on top.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38.1 mm (54°) ''Front Glacis'' 50.8 mm (15-55°) ''Transmission area'' 50.8 mm (29°) ''Driver port'' 38.1 mm (0-57°) ''Hull gun mount'' || 38.1 mm (0-22°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm ''Bottom'' || 38.1 mm (1-14°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm (15-53°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 50.8 mm (11-65°) ''Turret front'' 38.1 mm (1-82°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (0-66°) || 50.8 mm (1-54°) || 22.2 mm
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 50.8 mm || 50.8 mm || 50.8 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 17 mm thick.
* Hull doors and vision ports are 38.1 mm thick.

When combating this tank, avoid its 75 mm gun by flanking the vehicle, then get in close and hug the sides or rear of the vehicle to prevent them from turning and going under the 37 mm's depression range. Aim for the large superstructure, a solid penetration will knock out all 6 crew members or make the ammunition combust. Note that firing through the side hatch will usually destroy the tank in a single shot, owing to the lack of sloping and ammunition storage.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 27.7 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 43 (AB)
|-
|39 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|620
|763
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|354
|400
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|22.38
|27.54
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|12.78
|14.44
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M5 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M5 (37 mm)|37 mm M5]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 179 || -7°/+60° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 10.70 || 14.80 || 18.00 || 19.90 || 21.20
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 10.70 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 78 || 76 || 65 || 54 || 44 || 37
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 78 || 76 || 65 || 54 || 44 || 37
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_M3Lee.png|right|thumbnail|400px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the M3 Lee.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |11th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |12th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |13th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |14th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''179''' || 176 ''(+3)'' || 172 ''(+7)'' || 168 ''(+11)'' || 160 ''(+19)''|| 153 ''(+26)''|| 148 ''(+31)'' || 140 ''(+39)'' || 133 ''(+46)'' || 129 ''(+50)'' || 116 ''(+63)'' || 105 ''(+50)'' || 63 ''(+116)'' || 21 ''(+158)'' || 1 ''(+178)''|| Yes
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|M2 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M2 (75 mm)|75 mm M2]]
|-
! colspan="6" | ''Hull mount''
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 50 || -9°/+20° || ±15° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert Qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace Qualif.
|-
| 6.50 || 5.75 || 5.30 || 5.00
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M72 shot || AP ||84||82||73||62||53||46
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| M62 shot || APCBC ||96||94||84||73||63||55
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 588 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 448 || 6.3 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 666 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M62 shot || APCBC || 588 || 6.8 || 1.2 || 20 || 63.7 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| M89 || 259 || 3 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 10 ''(+40)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Commander cupola mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The multiple cannons allow for different combinations of attack. The 37 mm gun on the full 360° traverse turret allows for a diverse role on the M3, with its high-velocity and effective round for long-range fighting, but with a fast reload for close-quarter encounters. The 75 mm on the sponson mount has the same penetration level as the 37 mm, but with a very high post-penetration damage with the right ammo at the cost of lower velocity, and thus a shorter battle range. The limited traverse on the 75 mm mount also means it is not as flexible as the turreted 37 mm. With these two cannon, the M3 Lee can focus on close-range combat with the two cannons fighting a single tank or engage two separate tanks at a longer range. Closer range combat is supported by the M3's adequate sloped frontal armour, able to withstand most enemy fire at its battle rating. It is recommended to set the keys to allow separate firing of the cannons for maximum effectiveness.

Still, different guns mean different styles of play. The M3 can also play as a tank destroyer, using its sponson gun to take shots at medium range and it's 37 mm to cover the flanks and make longer range snipe shots. The M3 Lee can also be used as an assault tank, quickly advancing on points while switching between the powerful 75 mm gun and the faster-firing 37 mm. It is also possible to completely ignore the 37 mm and focus solely on the 75 mm as it is a far more effective gun with its HE filler in its APCBC, as well as being easier to manage for newer players. In all game modes, the weapons should be assigned to different keys, this will allow the tank to aim using the sights of the three guns separately, allowing more accurate targeting at ranges, especially for the 75 mm gun. Since the 75 mm is in a side sponson, it is also possible to approach cover to where only the 37 mm is showing, allowing the tank to fire with most of the tank's profile hidden.

Being at BR 2.7, the M3 Lee has a possibility of facing long-barrelled [[Pz.III L|Pz.Kpfw. III]], and [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV]], as well as [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]]s, and (rarely) the [[Chi-Nu II]]. The ZiS-30 is also very deadly, as its gun is competitive even at 5.7. The 75 mm gun can reliable penetrate all of these tanks at short range (save the T-34), whereas the 37 mm will require some particular shot placement.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Ability to use two guns: a 37mm and a 75mm - which is unique as well as useful at this rank
* Acceptable frontal armour
* Side mounted 75mm gives the ability for some unique tactics
* 75mm gun is comparable to the ones mounted on the later Sherman tanks
* Despite the tall profile, the "wedding cake" design of the turret has thick sloped armour, providing extra protection to make up for its height
* 6 crew members, harder to fully knock-out
* Has three different turrets. The 75 mm sponson, the 37 mm, and the .30 cal mounted above the 37 mm turret, and all of them can be controlled differently through key mapping
* Very effective when using weapon selection as one turret can cover the other when it's reloading
* 75mm is good for stationary

'''Cons:'''

* Tall profile, big target
* Losing crew members means losing functionality of one of the turrets
* 75mm sponson weapon does not allow for hull-down combat
* Tall position of turret restricts gun depression
* Slow traverse speeds make it easy for a light or a particularly speedy medium tank to sneak around the sides
* Weak-side armour
* Very awkward to use for new players
* Driver's port is a weak spot

== History ==


===Development===
The current main tank in US inventory in 1940 was the [[M2|M2 medium tank]], but the Battle of France showed that such a tank was not going to be capable to go up against the German [[Pz.III F|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]] and their Panzer Divisions. With the Western Allies now embroiled in the North African campaign against the Germans and Italians, the Allies needed a good tank capable of going against the Panzer tanks, and they needed it quickly.<ref name="ZalogaM3Med">Zaloga Steven. ''M3 Lee/Grant Medium Tank 1941-45'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2005</ref>

The new tank design took elements from the M2 Medium, using the chassis and its VVSS suspension system. Part of the requirement for the new tank was to mount the more powerful 75 mm cannon. However, it was discovered that the United States does not have a turret design that could mount the 75 mm gun. Turret development would take time, and a new tank capable of fighting the Germans was needed by the British, which the Americans were building tanks for even though the United States was not yet at war. Taking elements from French designs such as the Char B1, with its two cannon mounts, the American designers decided that the 75 mm, if it couldn't yet be mounted on a turret, should be mounted on a sponson design on the hull. This design was tested on the M2 medium tank as the ''T5E2''. It was always considered a stopgap, using the same chassis as the future M4 Sherman to minimize issues with transition when the new design was ready. Ordnance approved it as combat-capable and the design was approved as the '''M3 Medium'''. The M3 Medium design had two cannons, the 75 mm on the hull sponson mount, and a 37 mm with a coaxial machine gun on a turret, a cupola on the turret had its own machine gun. The M3 Lee's 75 mm gun, however, presented a huge advantage over contemporary tank armaments as the 75 mm could fire high-explosive rounds for fortifications and artillery pieces, yet could fire a shell with a high enough velocity for anti-tank purposes.

The M3 design's faults were the high profile and the sponson mount for its armament. The M3 was 10 ft. 3 in. tall, a foot taller than the M2 medium tank. The 75 mm on a sponson mount meant that the main armament of the tank had a limited traverse compared to a rotatable turret and forced the tank to reveal much of its body in order to aim the gun at the enemy. The M3 Medium was also constructed out of rivets (which increased spalling) and had a smooth track design which reduced ground traction. Despite these disadvantages, the Allies happily accepted them as they were critically low on tanks, and German Colonel Hans von Luck considered them superior to the [[Pz.IV E|Panzer IV]]s from his experience in Africa.

The initial batch of M3s were given to the British for their campaign for North Africa. The original British M3s had a radio in the turret, a new cast turret with room for radio, and the turret cupola and cupola machine gun was replaced with a simple hatch. The modified M3 also required one less crew member due to the radio now being in the turret for the commander rather than for a radio operator. The British ordered 1,250 of these modified M3 medium tanks, which they called the Grant. Additional tanks built and sent to the UK later with the original US model turret were called the Lee.

On August 1941, production officially started on the M3 Mediums, though the armour was thicker than initials batches of the tank due to its combat experiences. A majority of these were completed at Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Of the total 6,258 M3s built between startup to the end of production in December 1942, 2,855 units went to the British and 1,386 went to the Soviet Union. Other users of the M3 were the Australians and Indians in the India-Burma Theater. The M3 Mediums arriving in British arsenal caused confusion as the same "M3" designation was given to the [[M3 Stuart|M3 Light Tank]], plus there were two different design types of the M3 Mediums. This set off the tradition of naming American tanks after generals, where the M3 medium tank earned the ''Lee'' for the initial Americans design, [[Grant I|''Grant'']] for the British redesign, and the M3 light tank and its [[M5A1|successors]] earned the ''Stuart''.

Only 1,400 M3s were kept by the US. Three US crews, sent to help the British with training on the new tanks, had fought in British M3s at the battle of Gazala in June, 1942, with the 1st Royal Tank Regiment. In the US North Africa landings and Tunisia campaign later that year, two battalions of the US 13th Armored Regiment (1st Armored Division) also used M3s, until replaced with Shermans. By the end of the Tunisia campaign in May 1943, all M3s had been taken out of US service in Europe.

===Combat usage===
Combat experience with the M3 Lee was complicated but favourable. In Africa, the Lees and Grants in British and American service surprised the German forces when they could withstand the [[KwK 38 (50 mm)|50 mm KwK 38 L/42 gun]] and [[KwK 37 (75 mm)|75 mm KwK 37 L/24 howitzer]] armament on the Panzer IIIs and Panzer IVs. The M3 proved reliable and adequate in armour protection in British and American service. The Soviet's experience with the M3 was less favourable, as their T-34 tanks were much better in combat performance. The Soviets euphemistically called it a "grave for six men" and their Lee tanks were relegated to the secondary fronts or repurposed as armoured personnel carriers. In the Pacific, the M3s were lent to the Australians and Indians, which proved vastly superior to the Japanese tanks in service. The high gun elevation on its 37 mm turret and machine guns proved effective in knocking Japanese snipers off from trees. The only American use of the M3 Lee at the Pacific Theater was during the Battle of Makin Island by the 193rd Tank Battalion in November, 1943.

The M3 served fine as a stop-gap solution for the American tank development. They performed very well on the combat field and proved very reliable. However, once a 75 mm turret was finally designed, the M3 was redesigned to use it, and the resulting tank was the [[M4|M4 Sherman]], which will go on to replace the M3 tanks in the Allies as they are withdrawn from service. Even if it wasn't, the M3 was becoming obsolete due to newer German tanks being deployed, such as the [[Panther D|Panther]], [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]], or improvement of old chassis like the [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV Ausf. G]] and [[StuG III F|StuG III Ausf. F]]. Its obsolescence was a consequence of its own rather unique development and anachronistic design, limiting this medium tank's service life to a mere two years in Allied hands. However, it lived on until the end of World War II in some modifications such as tractor and recovery vehicle. The chassis and running gear were adapted by the Canadians to develop their [[M4A5|''Ram'' medium tank]].<ref name="ZalogaM3Med" />

===An anecdote===

::"The 75 (mm gun) is firing. The 37 (mm gun) is firing, but it is traversed around the wrong way. The Browning (machine gun) is jammed. I am saying ‘Driver advance’ on the A set and the driver, who can’t hear me, is reversing. And as I look over the top of the turret and see twelve enemy tanks fifty yards away, someone hands me a cheese sandwich.” —''British Lieutenant Ken Giles, tank commander of a M3 Grant''<ref name="GrantAnecdote">Bell, Chris. "Fury: All You Need to Know about Life in a Tank." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 24 Oct. 2014. Web. 12 Jan. 2017. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11167575/Fury-all-you-need-to-know-about-life-in-a-tank.html Website]</ref>

=== In-game description ===
"The M3 was created based on the M2 medium tank, using almost all its components and powertrain assemblies in addition to its transmission and running gear. The tank offered a multi-tiered armament configuration and, as the first American tank armed with a 75 mm cannon, represented an important step forward in the development of tank design in the US.

In 1940 the Ordnance Department brought up requirements for a new medium tank, primary among them being a 75 mm weapon. The 2,134 mm long T7 75 mm cannon met the requirement as a modified version of the T6 cannon, which was designed for standard ammunition from 1897. The modernized weapon was designated the M2, and installing it had a positive impact on the tank's firepower. On the other hand, mounting it in a side sponson greatly limited its arc of fire. The gun could only be moved horizontally by hand and was limited to 15° in either direction.

The next weapon modification was the M3 cannon. Its barrel length was extended to 2,810 mm, which both boosted initial shell velocity from 564 m/s to 610 m/s and eliminated the need for a counterweight.

The M3 used a riveted hull, while its configuration featured a forward-sitting transmission, battle compartment in the middle, and engine bay in the back. The tank's outline was quite exotic as a result of trying to combine comfort for the crew and high firepower.

The first modification was under full-scale production from April 1941 to August 1942, with five companies building a total of 4,924 units.
The M3 Lee launched its combat career in North Africa in 1942. Deliveries were also made to the USSR via Lend-Lease for use on the Eastern Front from 1942 to 1943."

== Media ==


* [http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#M3_Lee Skins and camouflages for the M3 Lee from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/2658/current/ [Historical<nowiki>]</nowiki> Steel Generals: M3 Lee]
* [http://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/712/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Developers about M3 Lee]

{{USA medium tanks}}
<references />