War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Type 90

2021-07-08T06:22:45Z

U78346569:

{{About
| about = '''Type 90 MBT'''
| other
| usage-1 = other usages of "Type 90"
| link-1 = Type 90 (Disambiguation)
| usage-2 = the variant with mounting plates for a Type 92 Mine Roller
| link-2 = Type 90 (B)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_type_90
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

The Type 90 MBT was initially accepted into service in 1990 as a replacement for both the [[Type 61]] and [[Type 74]] models. Despite its appearance being similar to the [[Leopard 2A4]] and mounting a license produced Rheinmetall L44-based cannon, it is significantly different in a number of aspects.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:Type 90 Density Visualisation.png|thumb|Type 90 [[Protection Density Visualisation]]]]
The Type 90 MBT was designed with inspiration from the Leopard 2A4, but sacrifices much of the 2A4's protection and survivability in order to attain a smaller profile and a lighter vehicle overall (vehicle weight is important in Japan in order to pass over their many bridges). As such, most 'improved' rounds available to other 10.0-10.3 MBTs (such as the [[Leopard 2A5]]'s DM33, or the [[Leclerc]]'s OFL 120 F1) will punch through even the Type 90's turret cheeks or upper front plate. It's important to keep in mind that even some autocannon ammunition will easily penetrate some of the weaker sections of the Type 90 from the front.

Despite the mediocre protection, the Type 90 has one main survivability feature: its primary ammunition is stored in blowout-protected compartments, sparing the crew from side shots on the rear of the turret, providing no more than 19 rounds are carried. Unfortunately, however, due to the autoloaded cannon the Type 90 is crewed by only 3, increasing the chances of being disabled from an initial shot.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 25 mm (82°) ''Driver's hatch'' 35 mm (47-83°) ''Upper glacis'' 40 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 40 mm ''Hull'' 10 mm ''Side Skirts'' || 25 mm (16-60°) ''All rear'' 15 mm ''Engine grille'' || 25 mm (0-8°) ''Hull roof incl. engine deck'' 5 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 40 mm (0°) ''Cheeks incl. Gunner optics'' 35 mm ''Mantlet'' 35 mm ''Rear Mantlet Plate'' || 40 mm ''Forward'' 33 mm + 80 mm(air) + 40 mm ''Middle spaced armor'' 12 mm + 80 mm(air) + 35 mm ''Rear spaced armor'' || 25 mm || 35 mm (78-83°) ''Forehead Armour'' 20 mm (90°) ''Rear turret incl. cupola''
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Composite armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides
|-
| Hull || '''''Upper glacis''''' 320 - 450 mm ''Kinetic'' 420 - 600 mm ''Chemical'' '''''Lower glacis''''' 37 - 300 mm ''Kinetic'' 20 - 380 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A
|-
| Turret || '''''Turret cheeks''''' 400 - 450 mm ''Kinetic'' 640 - 660 mm ''Chemical'' '''''Gun mantlet''''' 275 - 375 mm ''Kinetic'' 500 - 600 mm ''Chemical'' || '''''Side forward''''' 78 - 400 mm ''Kinetic'' 81 - 490 mm ''Chemical'' '''''Side middle''''' 77 mm ''Kinetic'' 80 mm ''Chemical''
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 2032|rbMinHp= 1327}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is powered by a 10-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine producing a maximum of 1,500 horsepower at 2400 RPM. Combined with its relatively light weight of only 51.6 tonnes, this gives it an excellent power-to-weight ratio of 29.07. As such, the Type 90 is often one of the first vehicles to reach cap points in a match, and can comfortably flank or move into advantageous positions earlier than many of its contemporaries. This power is transferred to the drive sprockets via an automatic transmission with 7 forward and 2 backward gears, unfortunately limiting the otherwise extremely mobile vehicle to 72 km/h (RB/SB) forwards and -33 km/h (RB/SB) backwards - speeds which it will reach with ease on-road.

The {{PAGENAME}} also mounts hydropneumatic suspension, allowing it to actively change the vehicle's ride height and angle. This can be used to improve traction on angled surfaces.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)}}

The Type 90 L/44 120 mm cannon is a license-produced clone of the Rheinmetall L/44 cannon found on the Leopard 2 series and the M1A1/M1A2. As such, it shares their excellent accuracy and firepower characteristics, with a key advantage: the Type 90 is autoloaded. This results in a flat 4 second reload, better than the peak manually loaded speeds available to the other L/44-mounting vehicles (6 seconds). Additionally, reloads are not hindered by fire or the loss of crew members. The Type 90 has two rounds available to it; the powerful JM33 APFSDS round (based off the NATO DM33 round) and the JM12A1 HEAT-FS round (based off DM12A1). These rounds are more than capable of penetrating any opponent the Type 90 may face, although when facing some later vehicles such as the M1A2 or Leopard 2A5, weak points must be targeted.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Type 90 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+10° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| JM12A1 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| JM33 || APFSDS || 481 || 478 || 470 || 461 || 450 || 440
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| JM12A1 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,150 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| JM33 || APFSDS || 1,640 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 38 ''(+3)'' || 19 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Hull empty: 19 ''(+23)'' shells
* The autoloader contains 18 shells. Once these have all been fired, the autoloader must be replenished before being able to fire again.

====Optics and night vision====
The Type 90 receives night vision imagers once the tier 3 modification 'NVD' is researched. This unlocks standard 500 x 300 resolution thermal sights for the gunner, as well as standard image intensifiers for all crew (available in third person view in AB/RB additionally).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" |{{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Type of optic
! rowspan="3" |Magnification
! colspan="5" |[[Night Vision Devices]]
|-
! colspan="3" |Image Intensifier
! rowspan="2" |{{Annotation|Thermal Imager Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
!{{Annotation|Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
!{{Annotation|Light Mult|By how much the image intensifier amplifies the existing light, primarily useful for comparing image intensifiers}}
!{{Annotation|Noise Level|How much noise is present in the image (how grainy the image is)}}
|-
!Gunner's Sight
|8.0x - 16.1x||--||--||--||500 x 300||Intensifier & thermal sights unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
|-
!Commander's View
|6.0x||1600 x 1200||9.0||High||N/A||Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
|-
!Driver's View
|1.0x||800 x 600||5.0||High||N/A||Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|Type 74 (7.62 mm)}}

The Type 90 mounts two machine guns; one pintle-mounted 12.7 mm and one coaxial mounted 7.62 mm. These can be used as deterrent for low-flying aircraft, clearing light obstacles or crew from open-top vehicles, or spotting enemy vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -8°/+40° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 74 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 74]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Type 90 is an extremely capable vehicle in the hands of an experienced tanker, but heed must be paid to the vehicle's weaknesses at all times.

'''Rural Combat'''

The Type 90 is very capable in rural combat where cover is plentiful and flanking routes are available. It should ideally be used for early flanks where available (such as the eastern flank on [[Maginot Line (Ground Forces)|Maginot Line]]) or when unavailable, pushing quickly for early captures before moving to a nearby protected location to hold that point. It's important to be aware of which routes might be sniper-covered early, as many snipers (such as the [[Challenger 2]] or [[Ariete PSO]]) will easily penetrate the Type 90, even at range - avoid giving them the opportunity.

'''Urban Combat'''

The Type 90 can prove itself to be an excellent urban combat vehicle, primarily due to its mobility and reliably fast reload. As in rural combat, an early push for a cap can prove viable before moving into a protected position, although often by the time the capture is completed enemy targets will be nearby. Early flanking (such as around the sides of [[American Desert]]) is also viable.

'''Notable Targets'''

* '''[[Challenger 2]]:''' The Challenger 2 is often found as a sniper due to its pin-point accuracy, good reload and excellent turret armour. The Type 90 should never be used to face a sniping CR2 head-on, but instead should attempt to flank or force engagements at close range where weak spots are easily targeted.
* '''[[M1A2 Abrams]]:''' The M1A2 Abrams has excellent frontal protection and can prove tricky to discern from earlier models in the heat of a battle. As a general rule it's preferable to aim for the gun mantlet or turret ring on any Abrams, despite the fact that JM33 will penetrate nearly anywhere on early models - better safe than sorry.
* '''[[Leopard 2A5]]:''' The Leopard 2A5 is very well protected, although JM33 will punch through its hull without any significant trouble. Avoid fighting a hull-down 2A5 head-on, rather taking flanking routes when available. If no choice is presented, aim for the gun mantlet or the turret ring.
* '''[[T-80U]]:''' The T-80U is extremely well protected from the front, and care should be taken when engaging - aim for the driver viewport or the lower front plate; or where these are not options try to disable its gun through the mantlet. If flanking, side shots will often knock out the T-80U in one shot.
* '''[[Leclerc]]:''' The Leclerc is extremely fast, with a power-to-weight ratio not far short of the Type 90's. When pushing early for caps or flanks, be aware that the Leclerc may be one of the first vehicles you'll counter.
* '''[[Leopard 2K]]:''' The Leopard 2K has the best power-to-weight ratio of any MBT currently in War Thunder, and it will often be capable of getting to positions before the Type 90. Keep in mind that it can be penetrated anywhere, but aware the 'bouncy' armour; aim carefully.
* '''[[AMX-40]]:''' The AMX-40 is extremely mobile and caution is advised when pushing early. Fortunately, the AMX-40 has negligible protection and JM33 will make quick work of it.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Relatively small profile despite visual similarities to the [[Leopard 2A4]].
* Autoloaded 120 mm cannon, 4 second reload unaffected by crew or fire.
* Extremely mobile, high power-to-weight of 29.07.
* Fitted with [[hydropneumatic suspension]], although this can only be operated when stationary.
* JM33 APFSDS round is competitive (identical to DM33, the 'improved' round on the [[Leopard 2A5]]).
* Primary ammunition storage protected within blow-out containment in the rear of the turret.
* Hydropneumatic suspension can lower the tank significantly, allowing you to hide behind relatively low hills and ridges.

'''Cons:'''

* Despite having composite protection in the turret and upper front plate, it's insufficient protection for many of the tanks it will face.
* Only three crew, a well-placed shot can easily cause a full crew knock-out.
* Can only carry 19 rounds before additional ammo is stored in the unsafe hull racks.
* Hydropneumatic suspension ceases to work when the engine is hit.
* Poor stock grind - HEAT-FS is easily countered by nearly all enemies the Type 90 faces and JM33 is a tier IV modification.
* Relatively poor gun depression of -7° (contemporary MBTs have -9° or -10°) unless the suspension is used
* Large and weak mantlet - 20 mm shells can rip straight through, knocking out crewmembers or destroying the breech

== History ==

Development of the Type 90 began almost immediately after the introduction of the Type 74 into service, with the Japanese High Command already looking for a superior replacement. A central aspect of the new machine would have to be the ability to take on and defeat the new Soviet T-72 main battle tank. With that in mind, Japanese engineers began working on a prototype design, which would see completion in 1980. Two prototypes of this initial design were built, tested and improved upon between 1980 - 1986.

Testing resumed in 1986 with a second batch of four prototype vehicles, featuring a number of improvements over the initial two. The most significant change included the replacement of a Japanese-made 120mm smoothbore gun with the established Rheinmetall 120 L/44, most notably used by the M1A1 Abrams and Leopard 2 at the time. The decision to change the gun from a domestic one to a licence-built alternative most likely came as a measure to reduce production costs. However, unlike the MBTs of western armies, the designers of the Type 90 opted to equip the tank with an autoloading mechanism, making it the only production vehicle that did so in combination with the Rh 120 cannon. Further testing and army trials of these prototypes was conducted during the late 80s before the Japanese army formally introduced the tank into service in 1990 as the Type 90. Production of the Type 90 began in 1990 and continued until 2009, with 341 vehicles made.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_type_90 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
{{Skin-gallery
|market|ugcitem_1000299|Type 90 digital training paint.png|Camo "Digital training paint"
}}

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|p6cWlyUnJQA|'''Top 7 off-road beasts''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:27 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|31ZOmtzI_2g|'''The Shooting Range #107''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|K-9ObimGTJI|'''JGSDF Type 90: Actual Sound Recording''' - ''DMM GAMES Official Channel''|G_jOfO3g_iA|'''JGSDF Type 90: 360° Video''' - ''DMM GAMES Official Channel''|xarYzM07uSk|[JP] '''Former SDF member spectates Type 90 at firing range''' (Part 1)|AyvnH_sBgrg|[JP] '''Former SDF member rides Type 90 at firing range''' (Part 2)}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en|[Devblog] Type 90: The Lightweight Heavy Hitter]]

{{Japan medium tanks}}

Type 93

2021-07-08T06:03:55Z

U78346569:

{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_type_93
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


Armour protection on this vehicle is near non-existent, but the idea of "no armour is best armour" holds up true here. The armour is only suitable for stopping small arms fire as the vehicle is designed to be hidden away from the front lines. The hull armour is 5 mm thick all around, slightly more armour is offered on the wheels, chassis and the turret at around 10 mm. However there is a lot of empty space in this vehicle that means you can get lucky and avoid an otherwise critical hit.

This lack of armour allows this vehicle to obtain some of the fastest speeds in game on flat roads and a more than adequate speed off-road.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 5 mm || 5 mm ''Top'' 5 mm ''Bottom'' || 5 mm || 5 mm
|-
| Turret || 10 mm ''Turret front'' 10 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 10 mm || 10 mm || 10 mm
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=232|rbMinHp=133}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type 91}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Type 91]] missile (x8) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 8 (8) || rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | 0°/+70° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 88.1 || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | 19.50 || rowspan="2" | 17.25 || rowspan="2" | 15.90 || rowspan="2" | 15.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 59.5 || __._ || 85.0 || __._ || __._
|-
|}

The main armament for the Type 93 is a SAM launcher built by Toshiba Heavy Industries, loaded with Type 91 missiles. These missiles are a variant of the Type 91 SAM-2 fired from handheld launchers by infantry. Their design and purpose are similar to the [[AIM-92 Stinger]].

The launcher features a centralised optic system and 2 x 4 launchers located on either side. The turret is capable of 360 degree turning and elevation of 70 degrees, but there is no depression on the launcher meaning firing at targets below you will be difficult.

The missiles use an infrared and image-guidance system. It can lock onto heat-emitting targets but is also smart enough to detect the target through countermeasures, thus nullifying common countermeasures such as flares. The optics contain a TV camera, infrared sensors, laser receivers and IFF antennas. These feed through to a launch control device located on the passenger side of the vehicle.

This optic also allows you to track onto targets within ±1 degree of the sight, however offers no radar itself to spot incoming enemies so they must be manually spotted and locked.

The launcher has a warm up time of 4s before it can gain a lock and fire the missiles. It is advised to keep the missiles warmed at all times to intercept fast-moving jets. Only 1 missile can be fired per target and warm up and lock on must be achieved again.

The launcher can be fired on the move unlike other SPAA.

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Type 91 || SAM || 1,000 || 4,500 (all-aspect) 7,000 (rear aspect) || 11.5 || 1 || 10 || 648 || 47° || 56° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''1''' || 0 ''(+ 1)'' || Yes
|-
|}

* Missiles empty from left missile box to right
* Further emptying of the missiles are shown by an arrow

== Usage in battles ==

One of the main advantages of this vehicle is the speed, your main goal will be not on the front lines but behind offering support or flanking to intercept air targets. With a range of 7 km in rear aspect and 4.5 km in all aspect you will need to move closer to the enemy than would be ideal for a vehicle like this. This vehicle is ideal for taking wide flanks through less trafficked parts of the map to get into position to lay ambushes for enemy air. While waiting for enemy air targets to spawn, you can also scout ground targets for your team.

On some maps you can be key to getting a quick cap on a middle point, or decapping a less contested point giving your team a slight advantage. Using your speed you can get in and out before many tanks realise you were even there.

In SB this vehicle really shines as maps are larger to allow more flanking so you can set up ambushes easier. Though the downside is as this vehicle does not feature radar you will have to rely on sounds and team callouts to know where to aim. However this is offset by the fact your missile lock on does not set off early warning unless you activate tracking, and by the time enemies see you it will be too late to avoid.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very high top speed for a ground vehicle.
* Its armament of SAMs can be deadly, especially at long range.
* Lock on does not set off early warning for Jets or Helicopters.
* Missiles can be fired on the move.
* Fire and forget - after you successfully locked and launched missile, you can retreat without having to lead the target, unlike other SPAA.

'''Cons:'''

* Missiles have a high tendency to miss targets.
* Explosive mass on rockets is usually not enough to down jets and helicopters in 1 shot, more than 1 is usually required.
* Can easily be destroyed by heavy machine guns and strafing aircraft.
* No gun armament for backup
* As with all "cars", this vehicle cannot pivot in place like tanks can.
* Warm up time of 4s on the launcher and missiles.
* Hard collisions at fast speeds can instantly destroy the vehicle.
* Tendency to oversteer at high speeds due to high hp/ton ratio.

== History ==

The '''Type 93 Short Range {{Annotation|SAM|Surface-to-Air Missile}}''' ({{Annotation|93式近距離地対空誘導弾|93-Shiki kinkyori-chi taikū yūdō-dan}}) was a direct successor to the L-90 35 mm Anti-Aircraft Twin Cannons found on vehicles such as the [[Type 87]] or as a separate towed emplacement.

Within the Ministry of Defense the vehicle is known as the SAM-3. The military shortened it as ''Short-SAM'' ({{Annotation|近|Kin}}SAM) or nicknamed it as the ''Closed Arrow'' ({{Annotation|クローズドアロー|Kurōzudoarō}}).

;Development

The first prototypes of the Type 93 were built in 1990 with the first tests already taking place in 1992. The main reason for having a short development time was because the missile itself, the Type 91 or SAM-2 (a man portable SAM launcher), was already done with its development in 1991 and was to simply be fitted on a Toyota Mega Cruiser. Most of the development time was put into the Fire Control System.

In 1993 it was adopted within the JGSDF as the '''Type 93 Short Range SAM''' and deployment started from 1994.

It is a vast improvement over the 35 mm KDA with the ability to track and shoot down enemy aircraft with its infrared homing included in the system. The Type 93 utilises 3rd generation infrared and ultraviolet guidance systems, which allow it to record a target's image profile and ignore defensive countermeasures such as flares.

A total of 113 SAM systems were made, the last being produced in 2008.

As of 5 October 2020, the Ministry of Defense has announced they would replace the Type 93 by the fiscal year (FY) 2021 with "an improved version of the SAM currently used for air defence by the JASDF".

=== [[wt:en/news/6737-development-type-93-breaking-barriers-and-airframes-en|Devblog]] ===
Development on the Type 93 mobile SAM platform began in 1990 after the Japanese Department of Defense tasked the Toshiba Heavy Industries company with modifying the already in service military version of the Toyota Mega Cruiser (designated BXD10) to carry the Type 91 surface-to-air missiles with the aim of creating a contemporary replacement for conventional gun-armed SPAA units.

Given how all necessary components were already more or less readily available, the actual development time for the new vehicle was fairly short. As a result, shortly after the order was issued in 1990, a prototype of the Type 93 was built and underwent successful testing. In 1993, the vehicle was officially accepted into service with the JGSDF and mass production commenced. In total, 113 Type 93s were built between 1993 - 2008, with all produced units serving exclusively with the JGSDF even until this day.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=jp_type_93 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

{{Skin-gallery
|market|ugcitem_1000622|Type 93 two-toned camouflage.png|Camo "Two-toned camouflage"
}}

'''Images'''<gallery mode="packed" caption="Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Type 93 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MPdcryL47sk|'''The Shooting Range #205''' - ''Challenge'' section at 09:56 discusses jumping with the Type 93.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6737-development-type-93-breaking-barriers-and-airframes-en|[Devblog] Type 93: Breaking Barriers and Airframes]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/444700-type-93-close-range-surface-to-air-missile-sam-3/ <nowiki>[Forum] Type 93 Close Range Surface to Air Missile (SAM-3)</nowiki>]

{{Japan anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

F-1

2021-07-07T02:44:26Z

U78346569: Grammar, updating pros and cons

{{Specs-Card
|code=f1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The sleekness of the aircraft lends itself to flying fast and speed should be maintained when flying, especially during air-to-air combat as a slow-flying {{PAGENAME}} is a relatively easy target due to poor manoeuvrability at slow speeds. To help in instances where the aircraft must fly at slower speeds (landing, bombing and ground rocket attack), slats and spoilers help create a higher lift capacity and roll rate, preventing the aircraft from stalling and plummeting.

Air-to-air combat should be avoided when carrying bomb loads, as this will significantly decrease manoeuvrability. During a ground attack, all efforts should be made to get to the target as soon as possible and release the heavy ordnance and then proceed to any aerial combat in the near vicinity.

Damage to the aircraft, especially to the wings, will typically result in the destruction of the aircraft. Due to their relatively small size, any loss in surface area will cause the fighter to over-lift on the good side, sending the aircraft into a roll and then potentially into a flat spin.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,975 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,679 || 1,664 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.6 || 35.0 || 117.5 || 107.5 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 735 || 525 || 450 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 580 || < 650 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Ishikawa-Harima TF40-801A || 2
| colspan="2" | 6,654 kg || colspan="3" | 455 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 41m fuel
|-
| 810 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 7,549 kg || 8,100 kg || 8,822 kg || 9,636 kg || 13,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 41m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,950 kgf || 3,105 kgf
| 0.82 || 0.77 || 0.70 || 0.64 || 0.46
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,010 kgf (200 - 400 km/h) || 3,437 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 0.91 || 0.85 || 0.78 || 0.71 || 0.51
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm bulletproof glass - situated between the fore and aft cockpits

The {{PAGENAME}} fighter, like many of the newer aircraft, have shed most of its armour instead of more speed and agility. The only armour outfitted on this aircraft is the 38 mm bulletproof glass situated between the fore and aft cockpit, giving the rear pilot a pretty good chance of surviving an impact or bullet strike which might take out the front pilot. Beyond that, the aircraft's survivability is a mix of engineering and the pilot's skill. Damage sustained to the wings will not affect fuel loss as no tanks are mounted here; they are only mounted within the aircraft's fuselage. While many aircraft can absorb a huge amount of ammunition rounds in the fuselage before losing something important when it comes to the {{PAGENAME}} fuselage hits typically result in a hit to the engines, oil coolers, fuel, pilots or the radar. This is where pilot skill and manoeuvring come into play to make it very difficult for an enemy pilot to get a firing solution. High-G manoeuvres within this aircraft may hurt the speed and manoeuvrability; however, it may save the pilot's lives by causing many missiles such as the AIM Sidewinders to miss due to their lower g-turn threshold.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|JM61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm JM61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (750 rpg)

The JM61A1 20 mm Vulcan cannon is a monster and at the same time a headache for new pilots not used to it. Unlike most other machine guns and cannons in the game (or in real life for that matter), trigger depression here does not immediately produce flying bullets. Due to the characteristics of the JM61A1 cannon, it requires an initial spool-up time or spin of the cannon barrels before ammunition can be fired. The high rate of fire can easily melt the barrel, however with the rotating barrels, each barrel can cool off enough before it is its turn again to prevent damage. To initiate this, trigger depression will result in a .25 second delay before the ammunition begins to fire to allow the barrels to get to proper rotating speed. Once it gets going, 750 rounds of ammunition do not last very long.

When targeting an aircraft, for example, the pilot must remember this formula to be successful while leading an aircraft or before an aircraft passes through the crosshairs, start squeezing the trigger about .5 to .25 seconds before that event, and the cannon rounds should land on target. Waiting until a target passes through the crosshairs (unless tailing them) will result in a miss as they will be out of the sights before the cannon starts firing.

Trigger discipline is necessary when using this cannon as due to its rate of fire (about 6,000 RPM, ~100 RPS or 7.5 seconds of ammunition) will easily blow through the 750 rounds carried by the {{PAGENAME}}.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|JM117 cone 45 (750 lb)}}
{{main|AIM-9B Sidewinder|AIM-9E Sidewinder|AIM-9P Sidewinder|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 7 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 7 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 7 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 3 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 4 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 3 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 4 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 4 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Radars===
{{main|AN/APS-21|AN/APG-26}}The Mitsubishi F-1 is equipped with an [[AN/APS-21]] search radar, as well as an [[AN/APG-26]] target tracking radar. Both radars are located in the nose of the aircraft.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" |[[AN/APS-21]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
!{{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
!{{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
!{{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
!{{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
|45,000 m||28,000 m||±85°||±16°
|-
! colspan="4" |[[AN/APG-26]] - Target Tracking Radar
|-
!{{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
!{{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
!{{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
!{{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
|4,000 m||150 m||±60°||±60°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has a radar and ballistic computer , allowing you to radar lock missiles and drop bombs with AB guidance
* Devastating armament
* High climb rate for its BR
* Relatively high acceleration
* Maneuverable enough to get onto the target with relative ease.
* Has a tail hook for landing on carriers
* Has a braking chute, making landings on short airstrips or carriers possible
* Relatively strong ordnance options
* Can equip 4 AIM-9E/AIM-9P missiles

'''Cons:'''

* Burns through fuel at an astronomical rate in arcade battles
* JM61A1 electric-powered cannon takes getting used to because of 0.25 second spool time to get the barrel spinning before firing commences
* Poor energy retention
* Extremely poor low-speed maneuverability and the low speed of the plane mean lower than 500 kph
* Requires good trigger discipline and aim as the gun burns through ammunition
* Larger turning radius compared to most other jet fighters it can face

== History ==

The Mitsubishi F-1 was an indigenously-produced Japanese supersonic fighter aircraft that served with the Japanese Air Self Defence Force (JASDF). Based on the earlier Mitsubishi [[T-2]], the aircraft first flew in 1975 and entered service a short time later.<ref name=":0">Goebel, G. (2019)</ref> A total of 160 aircraft were initially ordered, but the order was reduced to 77 airframes due to budget constraints.<ref name=":0" /> In service, the aircraft served as an anti-shipping platform and was intended to fire the Mitsubishi ASM-1 anti-ship missile at enemy naval vessels.<ref name=":1">Hillebrand, N. (2002)</ref>

By the time it entered service, the F-1 had already grown obsolete due to it being relatively underpowered and unsuitable for air combat manoeuvring. Despite this, F-1s of the JASDF served until 2006, being replaced by modernized variants of the [[F-4EJ Phantom II|F-4EJ]] and the Mitsubishi F-2.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Design and development ===
The Mitsubishi F-1 was developed from the T-2, a jet trainer and the first Japanese-designed and manufactured aircraft to break the sound barrier.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The F-1 was almost identical to its trainer counterpart; the main visual difference was that the F-1's rear cockpit was faired over to make room for an avionics bay. The aircraft featured a J/AWG-12 radar, an upgrade over the T-2's J/AWG-11 and similar to the [[Phantom FGR.2]]'s AN/AWG-12 radar. The aircraft also gained a centreline hardpoint for an external drop tank, allowing the aircraft to use all of its wing hardpoints to carry munitions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Due to the design requirement specifications, the F-1 was otherwise highly similar to the T-2, retaining its engines, airframe and armament. It was so similar that the first pair of F-1s were developed from T-2 airframes taken off the assembly line.<ref name=":0" /> The first prototype F-1 flew on June 3rd 1975, while the first production aircraft flew in mid-1977.<ref name=":0" /> The aircraft was accepted for production and service with the JASDF.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Operational history ===
[[File:F-1.jpg|thumb|A Mitsubishi F-1, standard colour scheme, landing at Misawa air force base.]]
The first order for twelve F-1 aircraft was approved in the 1975 fiscal year, and the first aircraft deliveries began in 1978. The F-1 entered full operational service and was initially used by the 3rd Squadron of the 3rd air wing at Misawa Air Base.<ref name=":1" /> The aircraft eventually equipped a total of three squadrons, being the 3rd and 8th Squadrons at Misawa and the 6th Squadron at Tsuiki Air Force base. Deliveries of the F-1 were completed in 1987, with only 77 aircraft being delivered; this was due to the budget constraints of the JASDF.

In service, the F-1 was intended to be used as a low-altitude anti-ship attack aircraft, utilizing the Mitsubishi ASM-1 air-to-ship missile.<ref name=":1" /> A reconnaissance variant of the F-1 was also planned but was cancelled in favour of the RF-4EJ Phantom.<ref name=":0" /> Due to the design of its airframe and lack of engine power, the F-1 was rather unsuited for the air-to-air role and soon became obsolete. Despite this, the JASDF program to deliver a replacement stalled,<ref name=":1" /> and the F-1 soldiered on until the early 2000s. During this time, the F-1s were given a service life extension (SLEP) upgrade, which increased their service life from 3,500 to 4,000 hours.<ref name=":0" /> In the early 2000s, the F-1s were gradually retired, replaced by the F-4EJ and F-15J in the conversion training role and by the T-4 in the standard training role.<ref name=":0" /> In its combat role, aircraft was replaced by the Mitsubishi F-2, a derivative of the American F-16 Fighting Falcon.<ref name=":1" /> The last F-1s served on until 2006; it never saw combat nor fired shots in anger.<ref name=":0" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;;Related development

* [[T-2]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

* [[Jaguar A]]
* [[Jaguar GR.1]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/504166-mitsubishi-f-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references />

=== Works Cited ===

* Goebel, G. (2019, January 1). The Mitsubishi T-2 / F-1. Retrieved November 24, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.airvectors.net/avt2_f1.html</nowiki>
* Hillebrand, N. (2002). Mitsubishi F-1. Retrieved November 24, 2020, from <nowiki>https://www.milavia.net/aircraft/f-1/f-1.htm</nowiki>

{{Manufacturer MHI}}
{{Japan jet aircraft}}

T-2

2021-07-03T23:27:52Z

U78346569:

{{Specs-Card
|code=t2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_t2.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

After World War II, Japan was left without any modern jet fighters for defensive purposes. Around 1955 the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) put into motion the development of a supersonic jet aircraft due to the Fuji T-1 trainer's lack of proper training in supersonic flight. Japan had purchased front-line Mach 2 fighters such as the F-104 Starfighter and the [[F-4C_Phantom_II|F-4EJ]] Phantom. However, their pilots had difficulty handling them, and a new trainer aircraft was needed.

Built as a trainer aircraft, the trainee pilot and instructor sat in tandem with the instructor in the rear-raised seat. With an instructor pilot in the aircraft, Japan was now ready to train its pilots in high-speed fighter usage properly. The {{PAGENAME}} paved the way for Japan's development and production of their first supersonic military fighter, the Mitsubishi F-1.

The {{PAGENAME}} features dual Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries TF40-IHI-801A engines, which are license-built Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour turbofans, the same utilised in the Jaguar fighters. The {{PAGENAME}}, for the most part, was manufactured with aircraft aluminium alloys. However, it did selectively use titanium for extra strength in certain areas. Shaped more like a dart than the stout Jaguar, the {{PAGENAME}} was built for speed, though to help with manoeuvrability, the wings do not house fuel tanks and feature leading-edge root extensions (LERX) and full-span leading-edge slats on the wings to aid in creating a higher angle of attack or higher lift capacity, especially helpful during slow flight. The {{PAGENAME}} opted to eliminate ailerons and instead utilise twin spoilers for roll control. Like many modern fighters, the tail portion of the aircraft featured an all-moving tailplane and airbrakes were outfitted to allow for slowing the aircraft down either in manoeuvres or when preparing for landing.

[[File:T-2 sgko 002.png|250px|thumb|left|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' fighter on the hunt in air-to-air attack configuration.]]

The {{PAGENAME}} is an aggressive fighter aircraft and features a single 20 mm Vulcan cannon which requires a brief spin-up before ammunition begins to fire, thus does not have an instantaneous fire with trigger depress, which will take a pilot time to get used to and preplan shots to allow for the gun to spool-up in time to get shots off at a high-speed target. AIM-9E Sidewinder air-to-air missiles round out the air attack arsenal and are highly effective missiles. However, a clever (and lucky) pilot can outmanoeuvre the Sidewinders, though, typically, the enemy fighter is then left in a compromising situation and can be easily dispatched with the cannon.

Rockets mounted on the {{PAGENAME}} bridge the gap between air-attack and ground-attack, allowing the fighter to either hammer bombers with the rockets or ground targets such as trucks, anti-aircraft batteries and ships. For a dedicated ground attack, the {{PAGENAME}} can be outfitted with two different bombs, namely the 500 and 750 lb bombs of which are the aerodynamic LDGP form type bombs. Though not built to be a fighter-bomber like the [[F-4C_Phantom_II|F-4C]], the Japanese fighter loses some of its hard-earned manoeuvrability while carrying bombs (hence the fuel tanks not being in the wings), however once released, the {{PAGENAME}} can be back in the aerial mix as long as it has the speed to do so.

Though developed as a training aircraft, the {{PAGENAME}} is a formidable foe that is fast, sleek and can carry a one-two punch which can easily knock out enemy aircraft unfortunate enough to race through the Japanese fighters crosshairs.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:T-2 duckmcmallardson 001.png|250px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' on coastal patrol.]]
The {{PAGENAME}} was designed and built for one main purpose, and that was to train pilots in flight at around Mach 1.4 in preparation for flying faster Mach +2 fighters such as the F-4EJ, F-104 and the Mitsubishi F-1. With a long narrow body, short main wings without fuel tanks and an all-moving tailplane, this aircraft was built streamlined like the F-104 to get you from point A to point B in the shortest amount of time possible and not spend too much time manoeuvring. While excelling as an interceptor, this fighter will still hold its own in a manoeuvring fight, granted as long as under-wing armaments are limited to the Sidewinder missiles and not the heavy bombs.

The sleekness of the aircraft lends itself to flying fast, and speed should be maintained when flying, especially during air-to-air combat, as a slow-flying {{PAGENAME}} is a relatively easy target due to poor manoeuvrability at slow speeds. To help in instances where the aircraft must fly at slower speeds (landing, bombing and ground rocket attack), slats and spoilers help create a higher lift capacity and roll rate, preventing the aircraft from stalling and plummeting.

Air-to-air combat should be avoided when carrying bomb loads, as this will significantly decrease manoeuvrability. During a ground attack, all efforts should be made to get to the target as soon as possible and release the heavy ordnance and then proceed to any aerial combat in the near vicinity.

Damage to the aircraft, especially to the wings, will typically result in the destruction of the aircraft. Due to their relatively small size, any loss in surface area will cause the fighter to over-lift on the good side, sending the aircraft into a roll and then potentially into a flat spin.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,975 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,678 || 1,663 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.6 || 35.0 || 119.9 || 110.0 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,752 || 1,710 || 32.4 || 33.0 || 161.9 || 140.0
|-
|}

[[File:T-2 sgko 001.png|250px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' in a power-climb on an intercept path.]]

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 735 || 525 || 450 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 580 || < 650 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Ishikawa-Harima TF40-801A || 2
| colspan="2" | 6,764 kg || colspan="3" | 460 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 41m fuel
|-
| 810 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 7,659 kg || 8,210 kg || 8,932 kg || 9,746 kg || 13,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 41m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,950 kgf || 3,105 kgf
| 0.81 || 0.76 || 0.70 || 0.64 || 0.46
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,010 kgf (200 - 400 km/h) || 3,437 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 0.90 || 0.84 || 0.77 || 0.71 || 0.51
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm bulletproof glass - situated between the fore and aft cockpits

The {{PAGENAME}} fighter, like many of the newer aircraft, have shed most of its armour instead of more speed and agility. The only armour outfitted on this aircraft is the 38 mm bulletproof glass situated between the fore and aft cockpit, giving the rear pilot a pretty good chance of surviving an impact or bullet strike which might take out the front pilot. Beyond that, the aircraft's survivability is a mix of engineering and the pilot's skill. Damage sustained to the wings will not affect fuel loss as no tanks are mounted here; they are only mounted within the aircraft's fuselage. While many aircraft can absorb a huge amount of ammunition rounds in the fuselage before losing something important when it comes to the {{PAGENAME}} fuselage hits typically result in a hit to the engines, oil coolers, fuel, pilots or the radar. This is where pilot skill and manoeuvring come into play to make it very difficult for an enemy pilot to get a firing solution. High-G manoeuvres within this aircraft may hurt the speed and manoeuvrability; however, it may save the pilot's lives by causing many missiles such as the AIM Sidewinders to miss due to their lower g-turn threshold.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|JM61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm JM61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (500 rpg)

[[File:T-2 der thunderer 001.jpg|250px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' sporting a user-created skin.]]
The JM61A1 20 mm Vulcan cannon is a monster and, at the same time, a headache for new pilots not used to it. Unlike most other machine guns and cannons in the game (or in real life, for that matter), trigger depression here does not immediately produce flying bullets. Due to the characteristics of the JM61A1 cannon, it requires an initial spool-up time or spin of the cannon barrels before ammunition can be fired. The high rate of fire can easily melt the barrel, however with the rotating barrels, each barrel can cool off enough before it is its turn again to prevent damage. To initiate this, trigger depression will result in a .25 second delay before the ammunition begins to fire to allow for the barrels to get to proper rotating speed. Once it gets going, 750 rounds of ammunition do not last very long.

When targeting an aircraft, for example, the pilot must remember this formula to be successful while leading an aircraft or before an aircraft passes through the crosshairs, start squeezing the trigger about .5 to .25 seconds before that event, and the cannon rounds should land on target. Waiting until a target passes through the crosshairs (unless tailing them) will result in a miss as they will be out of the sights before the cannon starts firing.

Trigger discipline is necessary when using this cannon as due to its rate of fire (about 6,000 RPM, ~100 RPS or 7.5 seconds of ammunition) will easily blow through the 750 rounds carried by the {{PAGENAME}}.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

[[File:T-2 takemoto 001.png|250px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' outfitted with FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets, Sidewinders and the obligatory 20 mm Vulcan cannon.]]
{{main|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|JM117 cone 45 (750 lb)}}
{{main|AIM-9B Sidewinder|AIM-9E Sidewinder|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles + 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Radars===
{{main|AN/APS-21|AN/APG-26}}
The Mitsubishi T-2 is equipped with an [[AN/APS-21]] search radar, as well as an [[AN/APG-26]] target tracking radar. Both radars are located in the nose of the aircraft.
[[File:T-2 YMSK 001.jpg|250px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' taxiing for take-off.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | [[AN/APS-21]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 45,000 m || 28,000 m || ±85° || ±16°
|-
! colspan="4" | [[AN/APG-26]] - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 4,000 m || 150 m || ±60° || ±60°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:T-2 jonigustavo 001.png|250px|thumb|right|The dart-shaped '''{{PAGENAME}}''' hugging the terrain in attempt to catch enemy fighters unaware.]]

'''Pros:'''

* Faster than most jets at its BR
* Devastating armament
* High climb rate
* 2 pilots (not vulnerable to pilot snipes)
* High acceleration
* Manoeuvrable enough to get onto the target with relative ease.
* Has a tail hook for landing on carriers
* Has a braking chute, making landings on short airstrips or carriers possible
* Strong ordnance options
* Can equip 2 x AIM-9B/-9E missiles

'''Cons:'''

* Burns through fuel at an astronomical rate in arcade battles
* JM61A1 electric-powered cannon takes getting used to because of 0.25 second spool time to get the barrel spinning before firing commences
* Poor energy retention
* Extremely poor low-speed manoeuvrability and the low speed of the plane mean lower than 500 km/h
* Requires good trigger discipline and aim as the gun burns through ammunition
* Cannon tends to "spark"
* Larger turning radius compared to most other jet fighters it can face
* Cannon belts have no tracer shells, making it harder to aim
* Targeting radar is often unreliable

== History ==


Soon after WW2, Japan was mostly offered jet fighter aircraft from the USAAF / USAF, such as the later versions of the [[F-86F-40_(Japan)|F-86 Sabre]], to protect itself from threats such as North Korea, which was at the time in conflict with the United States (in the 1950s). In the late '50s and '60s, Japan had already developed its first modern jet-aircraft, the Fuji T-1, which was mainly used as a trainer aircraft. But by the '70s, it was obsolete; Japan needed a new trainer aircraft, which could train pilots for near Mach 2 speeds.

During the time between 1964-1965, engineers at Mitsubishi began working on a project called "T-X", which would be either a 1 or 2 seater aircraft that would later be developed into another project for a ground attack aircraft called the "SF-X".

Simultaneously, the United States offered Japan the T-38, and Britain/France offered the SEPECAT Jaguar for investigation. Japan thought of a project of license-building these aircraft, which has later failed due to issues between SEPECAT and the Japanese Imperial Family.

In 1967, Japanese aircraft manufacturers Fuji, Kawasaki and Mitsubishi proposed their designs for the XT-2, of which Mitsubishi's design was accepted. The prototype (pre-production model) would be built in 1971, seeing its maiden flight on July 20 1971, flown by Dr. Kenji Ikeda.

The XT-2 became the first Japanese-built aircraft to break the sound barrier in level flight. It was put into final production later that year.

The variants of the final model, the T-2 were: T-2Z (early model that later ended up being modified for the SF-X program), T-2A and T-2B (trainer models) and the T-2K, the armed model, carrying an M-61 Vulcan 20mm fast-firing autocannon. The aircraft was produced until 1988 and was retired in 2006 along with its fighter variant, the F-1 when it was replaced by its successor, the Kawasaki T-4 (the Mitsubishi F-2 Viper Zero replaced the F-1).

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=t2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|2RX3Y1-HJHE|'''The Shooting Range #142''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:29 discusses the Mitsubishi T-2.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[F-1]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

* [[Jaguar A]]
* [[Jaguar GR.1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6063-development-mitsubishi-t-2-the-supersonic-stork-en|[Devblog] Mitsubishi T-2: The Supersonic Stork]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/445750-mitsubishi-t-2/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{Manufacturer MHI}}
{{Japan jet aircraft}}

F-1

2021-07-03T23:16:56Z

U78346569:

{{Specs-Card
|code=f1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The sleekness of the aircraft lends itself to flying fast and speed should be maintained when flying, especially during air-to-air combat as a slow-flying {{PAGENAME}} is a relatively easy target due to poor manoeuvrability at slow speeds. To help in instances where the aircraft must fly at slower speeds (landing, bombing and ground rocket attack), slats and spoilers help create a higher lift capacity and roll rate, preventing the aircraft from stalling and plummeting.

Air-to-air combat should be avoided when carrying bomb loads, as this will significantly decrease manoeuvrability. During a ground attack, all efforts should be made to get to the target as soon as possible and release the heavy ordnance and then proceed to any aerial combat in the near vicinity.

Damage to the aircraft, especially to the wings, will typically result in the destruction of the aircraft. Due to their relatively small size, any loss in surface area will cause the fighter to over-lift on the good side, sending the aircraft into a roll and then potentially into a flat spin.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,975 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,679 || 1,664 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.6 || 35.0 || 117.5 || 107.5 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 735 || 525 || 450 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 580 || < 650 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Ishikawa-Harima TF40-801A || 2
| colspan="2" | 6,654 kg || colspan="3" | 455 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 41m fuel
|-
| 810 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 7,549 kg || 8,100 kg || 8,822 kg || 9,636 kg || 13,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 41m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,950 kgf || 3,105 kgf
| 0.82 || 0.77 || 0.70 || 0.64 || 0.46
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,010 kgf (200 - 400 km/h) || 3,437 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 0.91 || 0.85 || 0.78 || 0.71 || 0.51
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm bulletproof glass - situated between the fore and aft cockpits

The {{PAGENAME}} fighter, like many of the newer aircraft, have shed most of its armour instead of more speed and agility. The only armour outfitted on this aircraft is the 38 mm bulletproof glass situated between the fore and aft cockpit, giving the rear pilot a pretty good chance of surviving an impact or bullet strike which might take out the front pilot. Beyond that, the aircraft's survivability is a mix of engineering and the pilot's skill. Damage sustained to the wings will not affect fuel loss as no tanks are mounted here; they are only mounted within the aircraft's fuselage. While many aircraft can absorb a huge amount of ammunition rounds in the fuselage before losing something important when it comes to the {{PAGENAME}} fuselage hits typically result in a hit to the engines, oil coolers, fuel, pilots or the radar. This is where pilot skill and manoeuvring come into play to make it very difficult for an enemy pilot to get a firing solution. High-G manoeuvres within this aircraft may hurt the speed and manoeuvrability; however, it may save the pilot's lives by causing many missiles such as the AIM Sidewinders to miss due to their lower g-turn threshold.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|JM61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm JM61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (750 rpg)

The JM61A1 20 mm Vulcan cannon is a monster and at the same time a headache for new pilots not used to it. Unlike most other machine guns and cannons in the game (or in real life for that matter), trigger depression here does not immediately produce flying bullets. Due to the characteristics of the JM61A1 cannon, it requires an initial spool-up time or spin of the cannon barrels before ammunition can be fired. The high rate of fire can easily melt the barrel, however with the rotating barrels, each barrel can cool off enough before it is its turn again to prevent damage. To initiate this, trigger depression will result in a .25 second delay before the ammunition begins to fire to allow the barrels to get to proper rotating speed. Once it gets going, 750 rounds of ammunition do not last very long.

When targeting an aircraft, for example, the pilot must remember this formula to be successful while leading an aircraft or before an aircraft passes through the crosshairs, start squeezing the trigger about .5 to .25 seconds before that event, and the cannon rounds should land on target. Waiting until a target passes through the crosshairs (unless tailing them) will result in a miss as they will be out of the sights before the cannon starts firing.

Trigger discipline is necessary when using this cannon as due to its rate of fire (about 6,000 RPM, ~100 RPS or 7.5 seconds of ammunition) will easily blow through the 750 rounds carried by the {{PAGENAME}}.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|JM117 cone 45 (750 lb)}}
{{main|AIM-9B Sidewinder|AIM-9E Sidewinder|AIM-9P Sidewinder|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 7 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 7 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 7 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 3 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 2 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 4 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 3 x 750 lb JM117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 4 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 4 x AIM-9P Sidewinder missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Radars===
{{main|AN/APS-21|AN/APG-26}}The Mitsubishi F-1 is equipped with an [[AN/APS-21]] search radar, as well as an [[AN/APG-26]] target tracking radar. Both radars are located in the nose of the aircraft.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" |[[AN/APS-21]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
!{{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
!{{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
!{{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
!{{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
|45,000 m||28,000 m||±85°||±16°
|-
! colspan="4" |[[AN/APG-26]] - Target Tracking Radar
|-
!{{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
!{{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
!{{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
!{{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
|4,000 m||150 m||±60°||±60°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has a radar and radar gun sight, allowing you to better plan your "boom"s and get your rounds on target more reliably
* Devastating armament
* Manoeuvrable enough to get onto the target with relative ease.
* Has a tail hook for landing on carriers
* Has a braking chute, making landings on short airstrips or carriers possible
* Strong ordnance options
* Can equip 4 AIM-9E/AIM-9P missiles

'''Cons:'''

* Burns through fuel at an astronomical rate in arcade battles
* JM61A1 electric-powered cannon takes getting used to because of 0.25 second spool time to get the barrel spinning before firing commences
* Poor energy retention
* Extremely poor low-speed manoeuvrability and the low speed of the plane mean lower than 500 kph
* Requires good trigger discipline and aim as the gun burns through ammunition
* Cannon tends to "spark"
* Larger turning radius compared to most other jet fighters it can face
* Cannon belts have no tracer shells, making it harder to aim
* Targeting radar is often unreliable

== History ==

The Mitsubishi F-1 was an indigenously-produced Japanese supersonic fighter aircraft that served with the Japanese Air Self Defence Force (JASDF). Based on the earlier Mitsubishi [[T-2]], the aircraft first flew in 1975 and entered service a short time later.<ref name=":0">Goebel, G. (2019)</ref> A total of 160 aircraft were initially ordered, but the order was reduced to 77 airframes due to budget constraints.<ref name=":0" /> In service, the aircraft served as an anti-shipping platform and was intended to fire the Mitsubishi ASM-1 anti-ship missile at enemy naval vessels.<ref name=":1">Hillebrand, N. (2002)</ref>

By the time it entered service, the F-1 had already grown obsolete due to it being relatively underpowered and unsuitable for air combat manoeuvring. Despite this, F-1s of the JASDF served until 2006, being replaced by modernized variants of the [[F-4EJ Phantom II|F-4EJ]] and the Mitsubishi F-2.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Design and development ===
The Mitsubishi F-1 was developed from the T-2, a jet trainer and the first Japanese-designed and manufactured aircraft to break the sound barrier.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The F-1 was almost identical to its trainer counterpart; the main visual difference was that the F-1's rear cockpit was faired over to make room for an avionics bay. The aircraft featured a J/AWG-12 radar, an upgrade over the T-2's J/AWG-11 and similar to the [[Phantom FGR.2]]'s AN/AWG-12 radar. The aircraft also gained a centreline hardpoint for an external drop tank, allowing the aircraft to use all of its wing hardpoints to carry munitions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Due to the design requirement specifications, the F-1 was otherwise highly similar to the T-2, retaining its engines, airframe and armament. It was so similar that the first pair of F-1s were developed from T-2 airframes taken off the assembly line.<ref name=":0" /> The first prototype F-1 flew on June 3rd 1975, while the first production aircraft flew in mid-1977.<ref name=":0" /> The aircraft was accepted for production and service with the JASDF.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Operational history ===
[[File:F-1.jpg|thumb|A Mitsubishi F-1, standard colour scheme, landing at Misawa air force base.]]
The first order for twelve F-1 aircraft was approved in the 1975 fiscal year, and the first aircraft deliveries began in 1978. The F-1 entered full operational service and was initially used by the 3rd Squadron of the 3rd air wing at Misawa Air Base.<ref name=":1" /> The aircraft eventually equipped a total of three squadrons, being the 3rd and 8th Squadrons at Misawa and the 6th Squadron at Tsuiki Air Force base. Deliveries of the F-1 were completed in 1987, with only 77 aircraft being delivered; this was due to the budget constraints of the JASDF.

In service, the F-1 was intended to be used as a low-altitude anti-ship attack aircraft, utilizing the Mitsubishi ASM-1 air-to-ship missile.<ref name=":1" /> A reconnaissance variant of the F-1 was also planned but was cancelled in favour of the RF-4EJ Phantom.<ref name=":0" /> Due to the design of its airframe and lack of engine power, the F-1 was rather unsuited for the air-to-air role and soon became obsolete. Despite this, the JASDF program to deliver a replacement stalled,<ref name=":1" /> and the F-1 soldiered on until the early 2000s. During this time, the F-1s were given a service life extension (SLEP) upgrade, which increased their service life from 3,500 to 4,000 hours.<ref name=":0" /> In the early 2000s, the F-1s were gradually retired, replaced by the F-4EJ and F-15J in the conversion training role and by the T-4 in the standard training role.<ref name=":0" /> In its combat role, aircraft was replaced by the Mitsubishi F-2, a derivative of the American F-16 Fighting Falcon.<ref name=":1" /> The last F-1s served on until 2006; it never saw combat nor fired shots in anger.<ref name=":0" />

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;;Related development

* [[T-2]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

* [[Jaguar A]]
* [[Jaguar GR.1]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/504166-mitsubishi-f-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references />

=== Works Cited ===

* Goebel, G. (2019, January 1). The Mitsubishi T-2 / F-1. Retrieved November 24, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.airvectors.net/avt2_f1.html</nowiki>
* Hillebrand, N. (2002). Mitsubishi F-1. Retrieved November 24, 2020, from <nowiki>https://www.milavia.net/aircraft/f-1/f-1.htm</nowiki>

{{Manufacturer MHI}}
{{Japan jet aircraft}}

Type 90 (B)

2021-06-24T23:10:13Z

U78346569:

{{About
| about = '''Type 90 (B) MBT'''
| other
| usage-1 = other usages of "Type 90"
| link-1 = Type 90 (Disambiguation)
| usage-2 = the initial model of the '''Type 90'''
| link-2 = Type 90
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_type_90b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

The Type 90 MBT was initially accepted into service in 1990 as a replacement for both the [[Type 61]] and [[Type 74]] models. Despite its appearance being similar to the [[Leopard 2A4]] and mounting a license produced Rheinmetall L44-based cannon, it is significantly different in a number of aspects.

The {{PAGENAME}} MBT is modification of the [[Type 90|Type 90 MBT]] to allow for a Type 92 mineroller to be equipped on the front.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


[[File:Type 90 Density Visualisation.png|thumb|Type 90 [[Protection Density Visualisation]]]]
The Type 90 MBT was designed with inspiration from the Leopard 2A4, but sacrifices much of the 2A4's protection and survivability in order to attain a smaller profile and a lighter vehicle overall (vehicle weight is important in Japan in order to pass over their many bridges). As such, most 'improved' rounds available to other 10.0-10.3 MBTs (such as the [[Leopard 2A5]]'s DM33, or the [[Leclerc]]'s OFL 120 F1) will punch through even the Type 90's turret cheeks or upper front plate. It's important to keep in mind that even some autocannon ammunition will easily penetrate some of the weaker sections of the Type 90 from the front.

Despite the mediocre protection, the Type 90 has one main survivability feature: its primary ammunition is stored in blowout-protected compartments, sparing the crew from side shots on the rear of the turret, providing no more than 19 rounds are carried. Unfortunately, however, due to the autoloaded cannon the Type 90 is crewed by only 3, increasing the chances of being disabled from an initial shot.

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|25 mm (78°) ''Driver's hatch''
40 mm (47-83°) ''Upper glacis'' 40 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis''
|35 mm (0°) H''ull''
10 mm (0°) ''Side Skirts''
|25 mm (17-70°) ''All rear''
15 mm (0°) ''Engine grille''
|20 mm (0-8°) ''Hull roof incl. engine deck''
15 mm (0°) ''Engine grille''
|-
|Turret
|40 mm (0°) ''Cheeks incl. Gunner optics''
35 mm (0°) ''Mantlet'' 35 mm ''Rear Mantlet Plate''
|35 mm (0°) ''Forward''
33 mm + 80 mm(air) + 40mm (0°) ''Middle Spaced Armor''

12 mm + 80 mm(air) + 35 mm (0°) ''Rear Spaced Armor''
|25 mm (0°) ''Turret''
|35 mm (83°) ''Forehead Armour''
20 mm (90°) ''Rear turret incl. cupola''
|-
!Composite armour
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Sides
|-
|Hull
| colspan="2" |'''''Upper glacis'''''320 - 450 mm ''Kinetic''
420 - 600 mm ''Chemical''

'''''Lower glacis'''''

37 mm - 300 mm ''Kinetic'' 20 - 380 mm ''Chemical''
| colspan="2" |N/A
|-
|Turret
| colspan="2" |'''''Turret cheeks'''''400 - 450 mm ''Kinetic''
640 - 660 mm ''Chemical''

'''''Gun mantlet'''''

275 - 375 mm ''Kinetic''

500 - 600 mm ''Chemical''
| colspan="2" |'''''Side forward'''''
78 - 400 mm ''Kinetic'' 81 - 490 mm ''Chemical'' '''''Side middle'''''

77 mm ''Kinetic'' 80 mm ''Chemical''
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 2032|rbMinHp= 1327}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is powered by a 10-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine producing a maximum of 1,500 horsepower at 2400 RPM. Combined with its relatively light weight of only 51.6 tonnes, this gives it an excellent power-to-weight ratio of 29.07. As such, the Type 90 is often one of the first vehicles to reach cap points in a match, and can comfortably flank or move into advantageous positions earlier than many of its contemporaries. This power is transferred to the drive sprockets via an automatic transmission with 7 forward and 2 backward gears, unfortunately limiting the otherwise extremely mobile vehicle to 72 km/h (RB/SB) forwards and -33 km/h (RB/SB) backwards - speeds which it will reach with ease on-road.

The {{PAGENAME}} also mounts hydropneumatic suspension, allowing it to actively change the vehicle's ride height and angle. This can be used to improve traction on angled surfaces.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)}}

The Type 90 L/44 120 mm cannon is a license-produced clone of the Rheinmetall L/44 cannon found on the Leopard 2 series and the M1A1/M1A2. As such, it shares their excellent accuracy and firepower characteristics, with a key advantage: the Type 90 is autoloaded. This results in a flat 4 second reload, better than the peak manually loaded speeds available to the other L/44-mounting vehicles (6 seconds). Additionally, reloads are not hindered by fire or the loss of crew members. The Type 90 has two rounds available to it; the powerful JM33 APFSDS round (based off the NATO DM33 round) and the JM12A1 HEAT-FS round (based off DM12A1). These rounds are more than capable of penetrating any opponent the Type 90 may face, although when facing some later vehicles such as the M1A2 or Leopard 2A5, weak points must be targeted.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Type 90 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+10° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| JM12A1 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| JM33 || APFSDS || 481 || 478 || 470 || 461 || 450 || 440
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| JM12A1 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,150 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| JM33 || APFSDS || 1,640 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Type_90.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 38 ''(+3)'' || 19 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || No
|-
|}

Hull empty: 19 ''(+23)''



=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|Type 74 (7.62 mm)}}

The Type 90 mounts two machine guns; one pintle-mounted 12.7 mm and one coaxial mounted 7.62 mm. These can be used as deterrent for low-flying aircraft, clearing light obstacles or crew from open-top vehicles, or spotting enemy vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 576 || -8°/+40° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 74 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 74]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The {{PAGENAME}} is an extremely capable vehicle in the hands of an experienced tanker, but heed must be paid to the vehicle's weaknesses at all times.

'''Rural Combat'''

The {{PAGENAME}} is very capable in rural combat where cover is plentiful and flanking routes are available. It should ideally be used for early flanks where available (such as the eastern flank on [[Maginot Line (Ground Forces)|Maginot Line]]) or when unavailable, pushing quickly for early captures before moving to a nearby protected location to hold that point. It's important to be aware of which routes might be sniper-covered early, as many snipers (such as the [[Challenger 2]] or [[Ariete PSO]]) will easily penetrate the {{PAGENAME}}, even at range - avoid giving them the opportunity.

'''Urban Combat'''

The {{PAGENAME}} can prove itself to be an excellent urban combat vehicle, primarily due to its mobility and reliably fast reload. As in rural combat, an early push for a cap can prove viable before moving into a protected position, although often by the time the capture is completed enemy targets will be nearby. Early flanking (such as around the sides of [[American Desert]]) is also viable.

'''Notable Targets'''

*'''[[Challenger 2]]:''' The Challenger 2 is often found as a sniper due to its pin-point accuracy, good reload and excellent turret armour. The Type 90 should never be used to face a sniping CR2 head-on, but instead should attempt to flank or force engagements at close range where weak spots are easily targeted.
*'''[[M1A2 Abrams]]:''' The M1A2 Abrams has excellent frontal protection and can prove tricky to discern from earlier models in the heat of a battle. As a general rule it's preferable to aim for the gun mantlet or turret ring on any Abrams, despite the fact that JM33 will penetrate nearly anywhere on early models - better safe than sorry.
*'''[[Leopard 2A5]]:''' The Leopard 2A5 is very well protected, although JM33 will punch through its hull without any significant trouble. Avoid fighting a hull-down 2A5 head-on, rather taking flanking routes when available. If no choice is presented, aim for the gun mantlet or the turret ring.
*'''[[T-80U]]:''' The T-80U is extremely well protected from the front, and care should be taken when engaging - aim for the driver viewport or the lower front plate; or where these are not options try to disable its gun through the mantlet. If flanking, side shots will often despatch the T-80U quickly.
*'''[[Leclerc]]:''' The Leclerc is extremely fast, with a power-to-weight ratio not far short of the Type 90's. When pushing early for caps or flanks, be aware that the Leclerc may be one of the first vehicles you'll counter.
*'''[[Leopard 2K]]:''' The Leopard 2K has the best power-to-weight ratio of any MBT currently in War Thunder, and it will often be capable of getting to positions before the Type 90. Keep in mind that it can be penetrated anywhere, but aware the 'bouncy' armour; aim carefully.
*'''[[AMX-40]]:''' The AMX-40 is extremely mobile and caution is advised when pushing early. Fortunately, the AMX-40 has negligible protection and JM33 will make quick work of it.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Relatively small profile despite visual similarities to the Leopard 2A4
* Autoloaded 120 mm cannon, 4 second reload unaffected by crew or fire
* Extremely mobile, high power-to-weight ratio of 29.07
* Fitted with [[Hydropneumatic suspension]], although this can only be operated when stationary
* JM33 APFSDS round is competitive (identical to DM33, the 'improved' round on the Leopard 2A5)
* Primary ammunition storage protected within blow-out containment in the rear of the turret

'''Cons:'''

* Despite having composite protection in the turret and upper front plate, it's insufficient protection for many of the tanks it will face
* Only three crew, a well-placed shot can easily cause a crew knockout
* Forced to use a mediocre HEAT-FS round prior to researching the tier 4 JM33
* Can only carry 19 ammunition before additional ammo is stored in the unsafe hull racks

== History ==

Development of the Type 90 began almost immediately after the introduction of the Type 74 into service, with the Japanese High Command already looking for a superior replacement. A central aspect of the new machine would have to be the ability to take on and defeat the new Soviet T-72 main battle tank. With that in mind, Japanese engineers began working on a prototype design, which would see completion in 1980. Two prototypes of this initial design were built, tested and improved upon between 1980 - 1986.

Testing resumed in 1986 with a second batch of four prototype vehicles, featuring a number of improvements over the initial two. The most significant change included the replacement of a Japanese-made 120mm smoothbore gun with the established Rheinmetall 120 L/44, most notably used by the M1A1 Abrams and Leopard 2 at the time. The decision to change the gun from a domestic one to a licence-built alternative most likely came as a measure to reduce production costs. However, unlike the MBTs of western armies, the designers of the Type 90 opted to equip the tank with an autoloading mechanism, making it the only production vehicle that did so in combination with the Rh 120 cannon. Further testing and army trials of these prototypes was conducted during the late 80s before the Japanese army formally introduced the tank into service in 1990 as the Type 90. Production of the Type 90 began in 1990 and continued until 2009, with 341 vehicles made.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=jp_type_90b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|p6cWlyUnJQA|'''Top 7 off-road beasts''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:27 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|31ZOmtzI_2g|'''The Shooting Range #107''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|K-9ObimGTJI|'''JGSDF Type 90: Actual Sound Recording''' - ''DMM GAMES Official Channel''|G_jOfO3g_iA|'''JGSDF Type 90: 360° Video''' - ''DMM GAMES Official Channel''|xarYzM07uSk|[JP] '''Former SDF member spectates Type 90 at firing range''' (Part 1)|AyvnH_sBgrg|[JP] '''Former SDF member rides Type 90 at firing range''' (Part 2)}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Japan medium tanks}}

Type 90

2021-06-24T09:18:06Z

U78346569:

{{About
| about = '''Type 90 MBT'''
| other
| usage-1 = other usages of "Type 90"
| link-1 = Type 90 (Disambiguation)
| usage-2 = the variant with mounting plates for a Type 92 Mine Roller
| link-2 = Type 90 (B)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_type_90
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

The Type 90 MBT was initially accepted into service in 1990 as a replacement for both the [[Type 61]] and [[Type 74]] models. Despite its appearance being similar to the [[Leopard 2A4]] and mounting a license produced Rheinmetall L44-based cannon, it is significantly different in a number of aspects.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:Type 90 Density Visualisation.png|thumb|Type 90 [[Protection Density Visualisation]]]]
The Type 90 MBT was designed with inspiration from the Leopard 2A4, but sacrifices much of the 2A4's protection and survivability in order to attain a smaller profile and a lighter vehicle overall (vehicle weight is important in Japan in order to pass over their many bridges). As such, most 'improved' rounds available to other 10.0-10.3 MBTs (such as the [[Leopard 2A5]]'s DM33, or the [[Leclerc]]'s OFL 120 F1) will punch through even the Type 90's turret cheeks or upper front plate. It's important to keep in mind that even some autocannon ammunition will easily penetrate some of the weaker sections of the Type 90 from the front.

Despite the mediocre protection, the Type 90 has one main survivability feature: its primary ammunition is stored in blowout-protected compartments, sparing the crew from side shots on the rear of the turret, providing no more than 19 rounds are carried. Unfortunately, however, due to the autoloaded cannon the Type 90 is crewed by only 3, increasing the chances of being disabled from an initial shot.

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|25 mm (78°) ''Driver's hatch'' 35 mm (53-82°) ''Upper glacis'' 40 mm (50-51°) ''Lower glacis''
|40 mm (0°) ''Hull'' 10 mm (0°) ''Side Skirts''
|25 mm (17-70°) ''All rear'' 15 mm (0°) ''Engine grille''
|25 mm (0-8°) ''Hull roof incl. engine deck'' 5 mm (0°) ''Engine grille''
|-
|Turret
|40 mm (0-6°) ''Cheeks incl. Gunner optics'' 35 mm (1°) ''Mantlet'' 35 mm ''Rear Mantlet Plate''
|40 mm (0°) ''Forward'' 33 mm + 80 mm(air) + 40 mm (0°) ''Middle spaced armor'' 12 mm + 80 mm(air) + 35 mm (0°) ''Rear spaced armor''
|25 mm (0°) ''Turret''
|35 mm (81-84°) ''Forehead Armour'' 20 mm (90°) ''Rear turret incl. cupola''
|-
!Composite armour
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Sides
|-
|Hull
| colspan="2" |'''''Upper glacis''''' 320 - 450 mm ''Kinetic'' 420 - 600 mm ''Chemical'' '''''Lower glacis''''' 37 - 300 mm ''Kinetic'' 20 - 380 mm ''Chemical''
| colspan="2" |N/A
|-
|Turret
| colspan="2" |'''''Turret cheeks''''' 400 - 450 mm ''Kinetic'' 640 - 660 mm ''Chemical'' '''''Gun mantlet''''' 275 - 375 mm ''Kinetic'' 500 - 600 mm ''Chemical''
| colspan="2" |'''''Side forward''''' 78 - 400 mm ''Kinetic'' 81 - 490 mm ''Chemical'' '''''Side middle''''' 77 mm ''Kinetic'' 80 mm ''Chemical''
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 2032|rbMinHp= 1327}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is powered by a 10-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine producing a maximum of 1,500 horsepower at 2400 RPM. Combined with its relatively light weight of only 51.6 tonnes, this gives it an excellent power-to-weight ratio of 29.07. As such, the Type 90 is often one of the first vehicles to reach cap points in a match, and can comfortably flank or move into advantageous positions earlier than many of its contemporaries. This power is transferred to the drive sprockets via an automatic transmission with 7 forward and 2 backward gears, unfortunately limiting the otherwise extremely mobile vehicle to 72 km/h (RB/SB) forwards and -33 km/h (RB/SB) backwards - speeds which it will reach with ease on-road.

The {{PAGENAME}} also mounts hydropneumatic suspension, allowing it to actively change the vehicle's ride height and angle. This can be used to improve traction on angled surfaces.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)}}

The Type 90 L/44 120 mm cannon is a license-produced clone of the Rheinmetall L/44 cannon found on the Leopard 2 series and the M1A1/M1A2. As such, it shares their excellent accuracy and firepower characteristics, with a key advantage: the Type 90 is autoloaded. This results in a flat 4 second reload, better than the peak manually loaded speeds available to the other L/44-mounting vehicles (6 seconds). Additionally, reloads are not hindered by fire or the loss of crew members. The Type 90 has two rounds available to it; the powerful JM33 APFSDS round (based off the NATO DM33 round) and the JM12A1 HEAT-FS round (based off DM12A1). These rounds are more than capable of penetrating any opponent the Type 90 may face, although when facing some later vehicles such as the M1A2 or Leopard 2A5, weak points must be targeted.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Type 90 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+10° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| JM12A1 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| JM33 || APFSDS || 481 || 478 || 470 || 461 || 450 || 440
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| JM12A1 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,150 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| JM33 || APFSDS || 1,640 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 38 ''(+3)'' || 19 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || No
|-
|}

* Hull empty: 19 ''(+23)''

====Optics and night vision====
The Type 90 receives night vision imagers once the tier 3 modification 'NVD' is researched. This unlocks standard 500 x 300 resolution thermal sights for the gunner, as well as standard image intensifiers for all crew (available in third person view in AB/RB additionally).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" |{{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Type of optic
! rowspan="3" |Magnification
! colspan="5" |[[Night Vision Devices]]
|-
! colspan="3" |Image Intensifier
! rowspan="2" |{{Annotation|Thermal Imager Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
!{{Annotation|Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
!{{Annotation|Light Mult|By how much the image intensifier amplifies the existing light, primarily useful for comparing image intensifiers}}
!{{Annotation|Noise Level|How much noise is present in the image (how grainy the image is)}}
|-
!Gunner's Sight
|8.0x - 16.1x||--||--||--||500 x 300||Intensifier & thermal sights unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
|-
!Commander's View
|6.0x||1600 x 1200||9.0||High||N/A||Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
|-
!Driver's View
|1.0x||800 x 600||5.0||High||N/A||Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|Type 74 (7.62 mm)}}

The Type 90 mounts two machine guns; one pintle-mounted 12.7 mm and one coaxial mounted 7.62 mm. These can be used as deterrent for low-flying aircraft, clearing light obstacles or crew from open-top vehicles, or spotting enemy vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -8°/+40° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 74 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 74]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Type 90 is an extremely capable vehicle in the hands of an experienced tanker, but heed must be paid to the vehicle's weaknesses at all times.

'''Rural Combat'''

The Type 90 is very capable in rural combat where cover is plentiful and flanking routes are available. It should ideally be used for early flanks where available (such as the eastern flank on [[Maginot Line (Ground Forces)|Maginot Line]]) or when unavailable, pushing quickly for early captures before moving to a nearby protected location to hold that point. It's important to be aware of which routes might be sniper-covered early, as many snipers (such as the [[Challenger 2]] or [[Ariete PSO]]) will easily penetrate the Type 90, even at range - avoid giving them the opportunity.

'''Urban Combat'''

The Type 90 can prove itself to be an excellent urban combat vehicle, primarily due to its mobility and reliably fast reload. As in rural combat, an early push for a cap can prove viable before moving into a protected position, although often by the time the capture is completed enemy targets will be nearby. Early flanking (such as around the sides of [[American Desert]]) is also viable.

'''Notable Targets'''

* '''[[Challenger 2]]:''' The Challenger 2 is often found as a sniper due to its pin-point accuracy, good reload and excellent turret armour. The Type 90 should never be used to face a sniping CR2 head-on, but instead should attempt to flank or force engagements at close range where weak spots are easily targeted.
* '''[[M1A2 Abrams]]:''' The M1A2 Abrams has excellent frontal protection and can prove tricky to discern from earlier models in the heat of a battle. As a general rule it's preferable to aim for the gun mantlet or turret ring on any Abrams, despite the fact that JM33 will penetrate nearly anywhere on early models - better safe than sorry.
* '''[[Leopard 2A5]]:''' The Leopard 2A5 is very well protected, although JM33 will punch through its hull without any significant trouble. Avoid fighting a hull-down 2A5 head-on, rather taking flanking routes when available. If no choice is presented, aim for the gun mantlet or the turret ring.
* '''[[T-80U]]:''' The T-80U is extremely well protected from the front, and care should be taken when engaging - aim for the driver viewport or the lower front plate; or where these are not options try to disable its gun through the mantlet. If flanking, side shots will often knock out the T-80U in one shot.
* '''[[Leclerc]]:''' The Leclerc is extremely fast, with a power-to-weight ratio not far short of the Type 90's. When pushing early for caps or flanks, be aware that the Leclerc may be one of the first vehicles you'll counter.
* '''[[Leopard 2K]]:''' The Leopard 2K has the best power-to-weight ratio of any MBT currently in War Thunder, and it will often be capable of getting to positions before the Type 90. Keep in mind that it can be penetrated anywhere, but aware the 'bouncy' armour; aim carefully.
* '''[[AMX-40]]:''' The AMX-40 is extremely mobile and caution is advised when pushing early. Fortunately, the AMX-40 has negligible protection and JM33 will make quick work of it.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Relatively small profile despite visual similarities to the [[Leopard 2A4]].
* Autoloaded 120 mm cannon, 4 second reload unaffected by crew or fire.
* Extremely mobile, high power-to-weight of 29.07.
* Fitted with [[hydropneumatic suspension]], although this can only be operated when stationary.
* JM33 APFSDS round is competitive (identical to DM33, the 'improved' round on the [[Leopard 2A5]]).
* Primary ammunition storage protected within blow-out containment in the rear of the turret.
* Hydropneumatic suspension can lower the tank significantly, allowing you to hide behind relatively low hills and ridges.

'''Cons:'''

* Despite having composite protection in the turret and upper front plate, it's insufficient protection for many of the tanks it will face.
* Only three crew, a well-placed shot can easily cause a full crew knock-out.
* Can only carry 19 rounds before additional ammo is stored in the unsafe hull racks.
* Hydropneumatic suspension ceases to work when the engine is hit.
* Poor stock grind - HEAT-FS is easily countered by nearly all enemies the Type 90 faces and JM33 is a tier IV modification.
* Relatively poor gun depression of -7° (contemporary MBTs have -9° or -10°) unless the suspension is used
* Large and weak mantlet - 20 mm shells can rip straight through, knocking out crewmembers or destroying the breech

== History ==

Development of the Type 90 began almost immediately after the introduction of the Type 74 into service, with the Japanese High Command already looking for a superior replacement. A central aspect of the new machine would have to be the ability to take on and defeat the new Soviet T-72 main battle tank. With that in mind, Japanese engineers began working on a prototype design, which would see completion in 1980. Two prototypes of this initial design were built, tested and improved upon between 1980 - 1986.

Testing resumed in 1986 with a second batch of four prototype vehicles, featuring a number of improvements over the initial two. The most significant change included the replacement of a Japanese-made 120mm smoothbore gun with the established Rheinmetall 120 L/44, most notably used by the M1A1 Abrams and Leopard 2 at the time. The decision to change the gun from a domestic one to a licence-built alternative most likely came as a measure to reduce production costs. However, unlike the MBTs of western armies, the designers of the Type 90 opted to equip the tank with an autoloading mechanism, making it the only production vehicle that did so in combination with the Rh 120 cannon. Further testing and army trials of these prototypes was conducted during the late 80s before the Japanese army formally introduced the tank into service in 1990 as the Type 90. Production of the Type 90 began in 1990 and continued until 2009, with 341 vehicles made.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=jp_type_90 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
{{Skin-gallery
|market|ugcitem_1000299|Type 90 digital training paint.png|Camo "Digital training paint"
}}

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|p6cWlyUnJQA|'''Top 7 off-road beasts''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:27 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|31ZOmtzI_2g|'''The Shooting Range #107''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|K-9ObimGTJI|'''JGSDF Type 90: Actual Sound Recording''' - ''DMM GAMES Official Channel''|G_jOfO3g_iA|'''JGSDF Type 90: 360° Video''' - ''DMM GAMES Official Channel''|xarYzM07uSk|[JP] '''Former SDF member spectates Type 90 at firing range''' (Part 1)|AyvnH_sBgrg|[JP] '''Former SDF member rides Type 90 at firing range''' (Part 2)}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en|[Devblog] Type 90: The Lightweight Heavy Hitter]]

{{Japan medium tanks}}

Type 90

2021-06-24T08:46:55Z

U78346569:

{{About
| about = '''Type 90 MBT'''
| other
| usage-1 = other usages of "Type 90"
| link-1 = Type 90 (Disambiguation)
| usage-2 = the variant with mounting plates for a Type 92 Mine Roller
| link-2 = Type 90 (B)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_type_90
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

The Type 90 MBT was initially accepted into service in 1990 as a replacement for both the [[Type 61]] and [[Type 74]] models. Despite its appearance being similar to the [[Leopard 2A4]] and mounting a license produced Rheinmetall L44-based cannon, it is significantly different in a number of aspects.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:Type 90 Density Visualisation.png|thumb|Type 90 [[Protection Density Visualisation]]]]
The Type 90 MBT was designed with inspiration from the Leopard 2A4, but sacrifices much of the 2A4's protection and survivability in order to attain a smaller profile and a lighter vehicle overall (vehicle weight is important in Japan in order to pass over their many bridges). As such, most 'improved' rounds available to other 10.0-10.3 MBTs (such as the [[Leopard 2A5]]'s DM33, or the [[Leclerc]]'s OFL 120 F1) will punch through even the Type 90's turret cheeks or upper front plate. It's important to keep in mind that even some autocannon ammunition will easily penetrate some of the weaker sections of the Type 90 from the front.

Despite the mediocre protection, the Type 90 has one main survivability feature: its primary ammunition is stored in blowout-protected compartments, sparing the crew from side shots on the rear of the turret, providing no more than 19 rounds are carried. Unfortunately, however, due to the autoloaded cannon the Type 90 is crewed by only 3, increasing the chances of being disabled from an initial shot.

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|25 mm (78°) ''Driver's hatch'' 35 mm (53-82°) ''Upper glacis'' 40 mm (50-51°) ''Lower glacis''
|35 mm (0°) ''Hull'' 10 mm (0°) ''Side Skirts''
|20 mm (17-70°) ''All rear'' 15 mm (0°) ''Engine grille''
|25 mm (0-8°) ''Hull roof incl. engine deck'' 15 mm (0°) ''Engine grille''
|-
|Turret
|35 mm (0-6°) ''Cheeks incl. Gunner optics'' 35 mm (1°) ''Mantlet'' 35 mm ''Rear Mantlet Plate''
|35 mm (0°) ''Forward'' 80 mm (0°) ''Middle'' 15 mm (0°) ''Rear''
|25 mm (0°) ''Turret''
|35 mm (81-84°) ''Forehead Armour'' 20 mm (90°) ''Rear turret incl. cupola''
|-
!Composite armour
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Sides
|-
|Hull
| colspan="2" |'''''Upper glacis''''' 320 - 450 mm ''Kinetic'' 420 - 600 mm ''Chemical'' '''''Lower glacis''''' 143 mm ''Kinetic'' 100 - 200 mm ''Chemical''
| colspan="2" |N/A
|-
|Turret
| colspan="2" |'''''Turret cheeks''''' 400 - 450 mm ''Kinetic'' 650 - 750 mm ''Chemical'' '''''Gun mantlet''''' 200 - 452 mm ''Kinetic'' 260 - 530 mm ''Chemical''
| colspan="2" |'''''Side forward''''' 360 - 400 mm ''Kinetic'' 560 - 600 mm ''Chemical'' '''''Side middle''''' 80 mm ''Kinetic'' 80 mm ''Chemical''
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 2032|rbMinHp= 1327}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is powered by a 10-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine producing a maximum of 1,500 horsepower at 2400 RPM. Combined with its relatively light weight of only 51.6 tonnes, this gives it an excellent power-to-weight ratio of 29.07. As such, the Type 90 is often one of the first vehicles to reach cap points in a match, and can comfortably flank or move into advantageous positions earlier than many of its contemporaries. This power is transferred to the drive sprockets via an automatic transmission with 7 forward and 2 backward gears, unfortunately limiting the otherwise extremely mobile vehicle to 72 km/h (RB/SB) forwards and -33 km/h (RB/SB) backwards - speeds which it will reach with ease on-road.

The {{PAGENAME}} also mounts hydropneumatic suspension, allowing it to actively change the vehicle's ride height and angle. This can be used to improve traction on angled surfaces.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)}}

The Type 90 L/44 120 mm cannon is a license-produced clone of the Rheinmetall L/44 cannon found on the Leopard 2 series and the M1A1/M1A2. As such, it shares their excellent accuracy and firepower characteristics, with a key advantage: the Type 90 is autoloaded. This results in a flat 4 second reload, better than the peak manually loaded speeds available to the other L/44-mounting vehicles (6 seconds). Additionally, reloads are not hindered by fire or the loss of crew members. The Type 90 has two rounds available to it; the powerful JM33 APFSDS round (based off the NATO DM33 round) and the JM12A1 HEAT-FS round (based off DM12A1). These rounds are more than capable of penetrating any opponent the Type 90 may face, although when facing some later vehicles such as the M1A2 or Leopard 2A5, weak points must be targeted.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 90 L/44 (120 mm)|120 mm Type 90 L/44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+10° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| JM12A1 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| JM33 || APFSDS || 481 || 478 || 470 || 461 || 450 || 440
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| JM12A1 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,150 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| JM33 || APFSDS || 1,640 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 38 ''(+3)'' || 19 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || No
|-
|}

* Hull empty: 19 ''(+23)''

====Optics and night vision====
The Type 90 receives night vision imagers once the tier 3 modification 'NVD' is researched. This unlocks standard 500 x 300 resolution thermal sights for the gunner, as well as standard image intensifiers for all crew (available in third person view in AB/RB additionally).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" |{{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Type of optic
! rowspan="3" |Magnification
! colspan="5" |[[Night Vision Devices]]
|-
! colspan="3" |Image Intensifier
! rowspan="2" |{{Annotation|Thermal Imager Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
!{{Annotation|Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
!{{Annotation|Light Mult|By how much the image intensifier amplifies the existing light, primarily useful for comparing image intensifiers}}
!{{Annotation|Noise Level|How much noise is present in the image (how grainy the image is)}}
|-
!Gunner's Sight
|8.0x - 16.1x||--||--||--||500 x 300||Intensifier & thermal sights unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
|-
!Commander's View
|6.0x||1600 x 1200||9.0||High||N/A||Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
|-
!Driver's View
|1.0x||800 x 600||5.0||High||N/A||Intensifier unlocked by 'NVD' modification (tier 3)
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|Type 74 (7.62 mm)}}

The Type 90 mounts two machine guns; one pintle-mounted 12.7 mm and one coaxial mounted 7.62 mm. These can be used as deterrent for low-flying aircraft, clearing light obstacles or crew from open-top vehicles, or spotting enemy vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -8°/+40° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 74 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 74]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Type 90 is an extremely capable vehicle in the hands of an experienced tanker, but heed must be paid to the vehicle's weaknesses at all times.

'''Rural Combat'''

The Type 90 is very capable in rural combat where cover is plentiful and flanking routes are available. It should ideally be used for early flanks where available (such as the eastern flank on [[Maginot Line (Ground Forces)|Maginot Line]]) or when unavailable, pushing quickly for early captures before moving to a nearby protected location to hold that point. It's important to be aware of which routes might be sniper-covered early, as many snipers (such as the [[Challenger 2]] or [[Ariete PSO]]) will easily penetrate the Type 90, even at range - avoid giving them the opportunity.

'''Urban Combat'''

The Type 90 can prove itself to be an excellent urban combat vehicle, primarily due to its mobility and reliably fast reload. As in rural combat, an early push for a cap can prove viable before moving into a protected position, although often by the time the capture is completed enemy targets will be nearby. Early flanking (such as around the sides of [[American Desert]]) is also viable.

'''Notable Targets'''

* '''[[Challenger 2]]:''' The Challenger 2 is often found as a sniper due to its pin-point accuracy, good reload and excellent turret armour. The Type 90 should never be used to face a sniping CR2 head-on, but instead should attempt to flank or force engagements at close range where weak spots are easily targeted.
* '''[[M1A2 Abrams]]:''' The M1A2 Abrams has excellent frontal protection and can prove tricky to discern from earlier models in the heat of a battle. As a general rule it's preferable to aim for the gun mantlet or turret ring on any Abrams, despite the fact that JM33 will penetrate nearly anywhere on early models - better safe than sorry.
* '''[[Leopard 2A5]]:''' The Leopard 2A5 is very well protected, although JM33 will punch through its hull without any significant trouble. Avoid fighting a hull-down 2A5 head-on, rather taking flanking routes when available. If no choice is presented, aim for the gun mantlet or the turret ring.
* '''[[T-80U]]:''' The T-80U is extremely well protected from the front, and care should be taken when engaging - aim for the driver viewport or the lower front plate; or where these are not options try to disable its gun through the mantlet. If flanking, side shots will often knock out the T-80U in one shot.
* '''[[Leclerc]]:''' The Leclerc is extremely fast, with a power-to-weight ratio not far short of the Type 90's. When pushing early for caps or flanks, be aware that the Leclerc may be one of the first vehicles you'll counter.
* '''[[Leopard 2K]]:''' The Leopard 2K has the best power-to-weight ratio of any MBT currently in War Thunder, and it will often be capable of getting to positions before the Type 90. Keep in mind that it can be penetrated anywhere, but aware the 'bouncy' armour; aim carefully.
* '''[[AMX-40]]:''' The AMX-40 is extremely mobile and caution is advised when pushing early. Fortunately, the AMX-40 has negligible protection and JM33 will make quick work of it.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Relatively small profile despite visual similarities to the [[Leopard 2A4]].
* Autoloaded 120 mm cannon, 4 second reload unaffected by crew or fire.
* Extremely mobile, high power-to-weight of 29.07.
* Fitted with [[hydropneumatic suspension]], although this can only be operated when stationary.
* JM33 APFSDS round is competitive (identical to DM33, the 'improved' round on the [[Leopard 2A5]]).
* Primary ammunition storage protected within blow-out containment in the rear of the turret.
* Hydropneumatic suspension can lower the tank significantly, allowing you to hide behind relatively low hills and ridges.

'''Cons:'''

* Despite having composite protection in the turret and upper front plate, it's insufficient protection for many of the tanks it will face.
* Only three crew, a well-placed shot can easily cause a full crew knock-out.
* Can only carry 19 rounds before additional ammo is stored in the unsafe hull racks.
* Hydropneumatic suspension ceases to work when the engine is hit.
* Poor stock grind - HEAT-FS is easily countered by nearly all enemies the Type 90 faces and JM33 is a tier IV modification.
* Relatively poor gun depression of -7° (contemporary MBTs have -9° or -10°) unless the suspension is used
* Large and weak mantlet - 20 mm shells can rip straight through, knocking out crewmembers or destroying the breech

== History ==

Development of the Type 90 began almost immediately after the introduction of the Type 74 into service, with the Japanese High Command already looking for a superior replacement. A central aspect of the new machine would have to be the ability to take on and defeat the new Soviet T-72 main battle tank. With that in mind, Japanese engineers began working on a prototype design, which would see completion in 1980. Two prototypes of this initial design were built, tested and improved upon between 1980 - 1986.

Testing resumed in 1986 with a second batch of four prototype vehicles, featuring a number of improvements over the initial two. The most significant change included the replacement of a Japanese-made 120mm smoothbore gun with the established Rheinmetall 120 L/44, most notably used by the M1A1 Abrams and Leopard 2 at the time. The decision to change the gun from a domestic one to a licence-built alternative most likely came as a measure to reduce production costs. However, unlike the MBTs of western armies, the designers of the Type 90 opted to equip the tank with an autoloading mechanism, making it the only production vehicle that did so in combination with the Rh 120 cannon. Further testing and army trials of these prototypes was conducted during the late 80s before the Japanese army formally introduced the tank into service in 1990 as the Type 90. Production of the Type 90 began in 1990 and continued until 2009, with 341 vehicles made.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=japan&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=jp_type_90 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]
{{Skin-gallery
|market|ugcitem_1000299|Type 90 digital training paint.png|Camo "Digital training paint"
}}

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|p6cWlyUnJQA|'''Top 7 off-road beasts''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:27 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|31ZOmtzI_2g|'''The Shooting Range #107''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|K-9ObimGTJI|'''JGSDF Type 90: Actual Sound Recording''' - ''DMM GAMES Official Channel''|G_jOfO3g_iA|'''JGSDF Type 90: 360° Video''' - ''DMM GAMES Official Channel''|xarYzM07uSk|[JP] '''Former SDF member spectates Type 90 at firing range''' (Part 1)|AyvnH_sBgrg|[JP] '''Former SDF member rides Type 90 at firing range''' (Part 2)}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5499-development-type-90-the-lightweight-heavy-hitter-en|[Devblog] Type 90: The Lightweight Heavy Hitter]]

{{Japan medium tanks}}