War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

XM803

2020-08-01T00:53:41Z

U74561000: /* Usage in battles */ Corrected some grammar and spelling

{{Specs-Card|code=us_xm_803}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The XM308's frontal armour is only effective versus full-calibre AP and APHE rounds and certain APDS rounds. Almost all large calibre (76 mm and up) have no trouble slicing through it, even when hitting the frontal armour at an angle. Large calibre HEAT-FS too has no problem going through, although the large fuel tank behind the frontal hull armour can sometimes absorb most damage. Because the armour has a layer of air in it, it is very effective against HESH rounds. All the spalling generated by the HESH round when it hits the first plate will get absorbed by the plate behind it. One big weak spot on the turret it the left (when facing it) turret cheek. This is because this part of the turret is not protected by spaced armour and only consists of 177.8 mm thick CHA plate, which most chemical and kinetic energy projectiles can penetrate with ease.

'''Armour type:'''

* Spaced armour (Hull front, Turret front)
* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38.1 mm (64°) ''Front glacis'' 76 mm (63°) ''Lower glacis'' || 35 mm ''Top'' 25.4 mm ''Bottom'' || 25.4 mm (12°) ''Top'' 25.4 mm (67°) ''Bottom'' 5 mm (13°) ''Engine exhaust'' || 25.4 mm ''Front'' 5-12.7 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Turret || 38.1-203 mm (0-75°) || 12.7-38.1* mm (29-34°) || 12.7* mm (27-84°) || 25.4-76 mm ''Front'' 12.7 mm ''Rear turret''
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
! Spaced armour* !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 250 mm ''Kinetic'' 240 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
| Turret || 270-300 mm ''Kinetic'' 220-350 mm ''Chemical'' || '''38 mm sections:''' 200 mm ''Kinetic'' 220 mm ''Chemical'' '''12.7 mm sections:''' 50 mm ''Kinetic'' 60 mm ''Chemical'' || 30 mm ''Kinetic'' 40 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Road wheels are 20 mm thick and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* A 6.35 mm RHA plate separates the engine from the crew compartment
* The crew is protected by a 6.35mm thick turret basket
* Hull spaced armour configuration is 38 mm RHA + 127 mm air + 51 mm RHA.
* Turret spaced armour configuration is 38 mm RHA + 127 mm air + 127 mm CHA.
* Turret rear side spaced armour configuration is 12.7 mm RHA + 38 mm air + 25.4 mm RHA
* Turret rear spaced armour configuration is 12.7 mm RHA + 38 mm air + 12.7 mm RHA.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1937|rbMinHp= 1106|}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is worse than that of the MBT-70. In its stock configuration, it has a horsepower/ton ratio of 21.39, while with all upgrades this increases to 24.08 HP/t. The top speed (both forward and reverse) is 64 km/h (40 mph) with 8 gears for both directions. The tank can reach its top speed quickly on flat roads, while on more difficult terrain the top speed drops by around 20 km/h. The tank has neutral steering and good turning ability on all terrains.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|XM150E5 (152 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[XM150E5 (152 mm)|152 mm XM150E5]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="3" | 53 || -10°/+20° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 34.3 || 47.3 || 57.4 || 63.5 || 67.6
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 21.4 || 29.5 || 35.9 || 39.7 || 42.2
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 7.50 || 7.50 || 7.50 || 7.50
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| XM578E1 || APFSDS || 346 || 343 || 334 || 323 || 311 || 300
|-
| M409A1 || HEAT || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380
|-
| MGM-51C || ATGM || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| XM578E1 || 1,478 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 76° || 77° || 78°
|-
| M409A1 || 754 || 18.9 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 3,730 || +0° || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| MGM-51C || 323 || 27.8 || 0.0 || 0.01 || 3,600 || +0° || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| XM410E1 || 754 || 18.9 || 25 || 5 || 30 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''53''' || 48 ''(+5)'' || 46 ''(+7)'' || 39 ''(+14)'' || 27 ''(+26)'' || 1 ''(+52)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M85 (12.7 mm)|M73 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M85 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M85]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,000 (200) || 577 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M73 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M73]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 6,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The XM308, like the MBT-70, is a very good flanker. To get the most out of this tank you must use its high speed and acceleration to flank the enemy or set up ambushes. Its gun and ammunition are good enough to penetrate most lower BR tanks with ease, although when up-tiered you will have to resort to aiming for the weak spots of opponents. The HEAT round you get is free, and will easily penetrate tanks with plain steel armour, but it's lacking when facing tanks with composite armour, and it has a rather mediocre muzzle velocity, making aiming and leading at longer ranges more difficult. The APFSDS round has decent penetration and will penetrate most opponents with relative ease. It also has very high muzzle velocity, almost 1.5 km/s, making aiming even at longer ranges easy. The ATGM is very useful and free, it's very good at long ranges, and is very effective against stationary or slow-moving helicopters.

While the armour may seem impressive at first, it won't protect you against most guns at and around its battle rating. Most tanks at this rank have access to powerful APFSDS and HEAT-FS rounds, which have no trouble penetrating you. Knowing this, you mustn't rely on your armour to protect you.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks||
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive||XM410E1
|
|-
|II
|Suspension||Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire||XM578E1
|
|-
|III
|Filters||
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism||Smoke grenade
|
|-
|IV
|Transmission||Engine
|
|Artillery Support||Laser rangefinder
|NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Stock ammunition consists of the good MGM 51C "Shillelagh" Guided Missile, means no ammo costs for using it, plus a decent but inferior HEAT Shell.
* Can fire ATGM without restriction, even when moving on full speed
* Somehow has better ergonomics than the MBT-70
* Has access to APFSDS Shells with 346 mm of penetrating Power on a 90° angled armour plate @ 10m
* Good mobility and acceleration, high speed both forwards and backwards
* Top mounted 50 cal can allow you to damage low-flying aircraft
* Frontal Fuel tank behind the spaced armour which can sometimes absorb enemy chemical energy rounds
* Since this tank has an autoloader, losing a crewmember will not impact the reload speed, and it still functions when putting out a fire
* Has smoke grenade launchers
* Very versatile tank once all ammo types are researched
* Turret mantlet is strong, can resist even certain APFSDS rounds
* Has hydropneumatic suspension
* Excellent dual zoom of 8x and 12x
* Is not considered to be a threat by most players

'''Cons:'''

* Slower reload on the gun (7.5 seconds) than the Kpz-70, which cannot be improved since it is an autoloader
* The spaced armour is not composite armour and cannot provide adequate protection against most guns of its rank
* Frontal armor can be penetrated even by some APHE rounds
* Weak sides and LFP
* Hydropneumatic suspension only works for up and down
* Weaker engine than the MBT-70, noticeable decrease in top speed and overall performance
* Ammo racks are large and can be easily hit, and does not have blowout panels
* Vulnerable to the rear due to raised engine deck
* Only single use of smoke grenades is permitted before having to reload
* Cramped interior, loss of more than one crew member more likely when penetrated
* Poor roof armor protection on the ammo and engine section
* Does not have access to the roof-mounted 20 mm like the MBT-70 which could be very useful in certain situations

== History ==

Once it became apparent that the MBT-70 project was doomed to fail in the early ‘70s due to high costs and reliability issues, the U.S. Congress decided to cut their losses on the project by cancelling the MBT-70, and instead, diverted funding to the development of a new project called XM803.

The XM803 was, in essence, envisioned to be a “budget version” of the MBT-70. Although the new vehicle would heavily be based on the MBT-70, inheriting many of its design solutions, it would also try to drastically reduce production costs by using more conventional and only American-made parts. Although this meant that the XM803 had to give up some of its high-tech equipment in favour of lower production costs, it was projected that the influence of these changes on the XM803’s combat performance would be minimal.

Despite showing favourable performance and being seen as a promising design by the Army, the XM803 still remained a comparably expensive tank to produce even with the applied changes over the MBT-70. Moreover, neither the MBT-70 nor the XM803 seemed to offer any substantial increase in combat performance over the already in service M60 Patton to justify the high production cost. This ultimately led to the Congress cancelling work on the XM803 only a short while after the cancellation of the MBT-70. In the late 1970s, some funding of the two failed projects would, later on, find its way to support the development of an entirely new, but this time around, more conventional tank project. That tank, of course, being the legendary M1 Abrams itself.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5536-development-xm803-the-second-chance-en Devblog]''

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|yxrFP5uW_J8|'''The Shooting Range #104''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the XM-803.|ryfyneZ7390|'''The Shooting Range #106''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 12:39 discusses the XM-803.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5536-development-xm803-the-second-chance-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> XM803: The Second Chance]

{{USA medium tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

M1A2 Abrams

2020-07-31T02:58:19Z

U74561000: /* Pros and cons */ Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m1a2_abrams}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened to '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]] as the top researchable vehicle in the US Ground Forces tech tree. The M1A2 introduces heavy depleted uranium armour, a commander's thermal sight and the only driver's thermal imager in the game.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


[[File:M1A2 armour scheme.png|thumbnail|The M1A2's frontal KE protection vs CL1343 at 500 metres]]
[[File:M1A2 CE armour scheme.png|thumbnail|The M1A2's frontal CE protection vs MIM-146]]

The M1A2's armour is a massive improvement in comparison to its predecessor, the [[M1A1 Abrams|M1A1]], and is the first Abrams in the game to be equipped with depleted uranium composite armour, located behind the turret cheeks of the tank. The protection afforded with the use of depleted uranium amounts to roughly over 200 mm RHAe more armour against kinetic energy projectiles whilst retaining the near-impenetrable chemical protection of the M1A1. The turret's overall kinetic energy protection ranges from around 690 mm to 600 mm, whilst the chemical energy protection ranges from 1200 mm to 1000 mm. However, the M1A2 has no depleted uranium located in the lower front plate, retaining the same weak spots as the M1A1's hull. The turret ring and breech also are weak spots, though the breech on the Abrams series is notably some of the strongest out of all NATO main battle tanks being small and well protected against chemical energy rounds and some early APFSDS rounds.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,058|rbMinHp=1,343}}

The {{PAGENAME}} retains the same 1,519 horsepower AGT-1500 gas turbine on previous Abrams variants, though the tank has gained an additional 4 tons of weight, putting the total mass of the tank at 61.7 tonnes. This translates to a noticeable decrease in acceleration and manoeuvrability due to a lower hp/ton ratio. However, the tank retains the same 68 km/h top speed and 40 km/h reverse speed and relative to its counterparts the {{PAGENAME}} is still fairly mobile, especially at speeds over 40 km/h. When stock, the hull traverse is quite horrendous and acceleration is lacking, though these are largely remedied by researching the engine, filters, transmission and tracks modules.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M256 (120 mm)}}

The M1A2 is armed with the same 120 mm M256 smoothbore gun as the M1A1 and has access to the same ammunition of APFSDS and HEAT-FS. However, the M1A2 also gets access to a new HEAT-MP-T shell, M830A1. The M829 APFSDS round is still an excellent anti-tank munition, boasting the third highest penetration figures out of any sabot round in the game, at 493 mm of flat penetration at point-blank and decreasing to just 458 mm at 2 kilometres. Its angled performance is also excellent, penetrating 284 mm of armour at 60 degrees point-blank and 264 mm at 2 kilometres. It is sufficient to reliably engage any vehicle in the game frontally. The M830 HEAT-FS shell penetrates a meagre 480 mm of armour. It is not recommended to use this shell after unlocking the M829. The M1A2's new shell, M830A1 is a special type of HEAT-FS round. Instead of using a conventional impact fuse, M830A1 is a sub-calibre HEAT-FS round that has been saboted into a 120 mm casing and fitted with a proximity fuse. This allows it to effectively engage low flying aircraft and helicopters up to a range of 4.5 kilometres. The sub-calibre nature of the round means it travels extremely quickly at 1,400 m/s, making it the fastest HEAT round in the game. However, its effectiveness against armoured vehicles is limited as it penetrates a mere 350 mm of armour.

The M1A2's gun handles very well, with a very efficient stabiliser that allows accurate fire at any speed and a very fast 40 degrees per second turret traverse. The gun has good depression and elevation angles; negative 10 and positive 20 degrees respectively. An aced crew can reload the gun in just six seconds, which is comparable to the Leopard 2A5, Leclerc and T-80U, although slower than the Type 90 and Challenger 2.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M256 (120 mm)|120 mm M256]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.08 || 52.71 || 64.00 || 70.80 || 75.29 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.80 || 28.00 || 34.00 || 37.60 || 40.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| M829 || APFSDS || 491 || 488 || 481 || 473 || 464 || 454
|-
| M830A1 || HEATFS || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350 || 350
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.10 || N/A || 0.1 || 2,360 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M829 || APFSDS || 1,670 || 4.30 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M830A1 || HEATFS || 1,410 || 11.40 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,390 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 37 ''(+5)'' || 19 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (Commander) || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 10,000 (200) || 750 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle (Loader) || 1,400 (200) || 750 || -9°/+65° || -77°/+135°
|-
|}


== Usage in battles ==

The M1A2 Abrams excels as an all-around jack of all trades vehicle capable of any role presented to it. It has a great combination of protection, firepower, situational awareness and mobility to allow it to adapt to any task it may face, from close-quarters fighting in urban areas to long-range engagements on large open maps.

;Urban combat

The M1A2, with its good mobility and improved protection over the M1A1 can function as an effective brawler in close-quarters urban fighting. The M1A2's reload rate is on par when aced to its counterparts, with the exception of the Challenger 2 and Type 90, making it able to quickly dish out damage and deal with multiple foes. Thusly, the M1A2 has no issue leading the charge into urban areas and being a frontline vehicle in the thick of the action, being able to equally deal damage and take it.

;Rural combat

On large open maps, the M1A2 is fully able to exploit its improved turret protection and commander's thermal imaging to give it the upper hand in long-range battles. The mobility of the M1A2 allows it to reach advantageous positions that overlook key areas of the map but its 1st gen. thermal device doesn't allow a fast identification of targets at range and in dense woodland. The commander's thermal imager means the player can keep track of threats all around the vehicle and monitor the battlefield without exposing the turret at all. The M1A2 is best played as an ambush sniper, using its commander's thermal sight to survey from cover, exposing the tank only to engage a target. The turret armour also means the M1A2 should be kept in a hull-down position, making the tank extremely hard to destroy. The M1A2 also retains the ability to effectively take the enemy head-on when the situation calls for it, such as assaulting capture points. The M830A1 shell is also valuable, allowing the M1A2 to become an ad-hoc anti-aircraft vehicle, especially against unwary helicopters that get too close to you or your allies.

;Notable enemies

* [[Leopard 2A5]]: This is the main counterpart of the M1A2 and both tanks are evenly matched in nearly all aspects. Thusly the Leopard 2A5 should be a high-priority target to be dealt with carefully. When hull down, the Leopard 2A5 can only be effectively penetrated through the gun mantlet or a lucky shot into the turret ring, so aim for the gun area, which usually results in at least the disablement of the cannon or breech. If the Leopard 2A5 presents its hull, aim for the left side as the lined-up crew members usually result in all of them being knocked out at the same time.

* [[T-80U]]: The T-80U can be a fearsome enemy if you are unaware of its significant disadvantages and weaknesses. The tank's frontal protection is very strong, though the area around the gun and the driver's hatch are weak spots that should be targeted. The T-80U, like many other T-series vehicles, are prone to being destroyed in one-shot due to the tightly-packed interior that has the turret crew sitting on top of all the ammunition. Furthermore, the T-80U is very vulnerable to any form of angling in the hull as its side protection is very weak in comparison to the frontal armour. A single penetration at all but the most oblique angles usually results in the detonation of the hull-ammo carousel to easily destroy the T-80U.

* [[Leclerc]]: The Leclerc's good mobility, firepower and protection make it a formidable foe to engage. However the tank's armour scheme is inconsistent and presents three main weak spots frontally; the massive and extremely weak mantlet, the UFP and LFP. These are quite easy to hit and present a good chance of dealing serious damage or knocking out the vehicle entirely.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| M830A1
| Smoke grenade
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| M829
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| ESS
| Artillery Support
| Laser rangefinder
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* New depleted uranium composite armour layout makes the frontal turret extremely difficult to penetrate to all munitions in the game, other than Ariete's CL1343, at short range
* Can effectively destroy aircraft or helicopters with new HEATFS shell through proximity detonation
* Thermal sight for the commander, gunner and driver
* Good crew survivability like the rest of the Abrams line

'''Cons:'''

* Very easy to penetrate, even by low rank 5 tanks, hits on the UFP can auto bounce into the turret, often incapacitating the gunner and commander, as well as detonating the ammo
* The turret ring is a massive weak spot, any tank in the game can penetrate it
* The LFP is huge and has very poor protection
* Has the same weak spots as the preceding Abrams
* The mantlet can be penetrated by almost all shells, will only stop weaker versions of HEATFS
* The Italian CL3143 APFSDS found on the Ariete line of tanks has a good chance of penetrating the turret cheeks if they're hit at a right angle
* Least manoeuvrable Abrams in the game, due to its weight of 61.7 tonnes
* The stock HEATFS shell is very difficult to use at top tier due to every tank you face having more than 600mm of chemical protection or being coated in ERA frontally. Flank shots are the only reliable way to get kills
* APFSDS is a tier III unlock
* Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

== History ==


In the second half of the 1980s, a development project was launched to increase the combat effectiveness of the Abrams MBT. The result of this undertaking became the M1A2 version of the Abrams.

The new version featured an upgraded fire control system, a new independent commander's panoramic sight as well as improved protection thanks to the use of second generation depleted uranium composite armor. All of these upgrades combined significantly bolstered the combat capabilities of the Abrams tank. Production of the M1A2 began in 1986 and the modification was formally introduced into US service in 1992.

The M1A2 and its sub-variants are the most advanced modifications of the Abrams tank fielded to date. Over 1,500 M1A2s have been built with some older variants also being upgraded to the M1A2 standard. Apart from the U.S. as its primary operator, the M1A2 also sees service with the armed forces of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6451-development-m1a2-abrams-higher-and-higher-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:M1A2 Cobra King II Hangar.png|M1A2, Cobra King II, prepped for combat.
File:M1A2 on Kursk.png|M1A2, Angel of Death, scanning the horizon on Kursk.
File:M1A2 Allied Spirit VIII camouflage.jpg|M1A2 sporting the unlockable Allied Spirit VIII skin.This skin represents US Army units in Europe, 2018.
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6451-development-m1a2-abrams-higher-and-higher-en|[Development] M1A2 Abrams - Higher and Higher]]

{{USA medium tanks}}

M1A1

2020-07-31T02:57:32Z

U74561000: /* Pros and cons */ Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m1a1_abrams}}
{{About
| about = American main battle tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other vehicles of the family
| link-1 = M1 Abrams (Family)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = M1 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened to '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The M1A1 is essentially an [[IPM1]] armed with a 120 mm M256 gun, meaning the armour is almost identical to its tech-tree predecessor. The tank features composite armour in gun mantlet, turret cheeks, sides and lower front plate, with composite side skirts affording some protection along the frontal half of the vehicle's hull. The M1A1 retains the Abrams series' exceptional protection against chemical energy projectiles, with the turret cheeks affording some 1,200 mm RHAe against shaped charges and the hull providing around 600 mm. However, the kinetic energy protection of the tank is quite lacklustre compared to its top tier compatriots, especially against the best rounds fielded by other nations' main battle tanks; all of which can easily penetrate the Abrams frontally in practically any location. This makes the tank quite vulnerable to enemy fire. However, the M1A1 also retains the excellent survivability of the Abrams series, with a spread out crew, separate ammunition compartment and shielding for fuel tanks and the engine compartment that make the tank unlikely to die in a single shot.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,058|rbMinHp=1,343}}

The {{PAGENAME}} features the same 1,500 horsepower AGT-1500 gas turbine equipped on the other Abrams tank, though the tank has gotten several tons heavier. When stock, the vehicle accelerates quite sluggishly and features a horrendously slow hull traverse. Fully upgraded however, the {{PAGENAME}} is quite nimble with decent power-to-weight ratio and traverse capability. At 68 km/h of top speed and 40 km/h in reverse, the tank is comparable to its counterparts.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M256 (120 mm)}}

The M1A1's gun handles very well, with a very efficient stabiliser that allows accurate fire at any speed and a very fast 40 degrees per second turret traverse. The gun has good depression and elevation angles; negative 10 and positive 20 degrees respectively. An aced crew can reload the gun in just six seconds, which is comparable to the Leopard 2A5, Leclerc and T-80U, although slower than the Type 90 and Challenger 2.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M256 (120 mm)|120 mm M256]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.08 || 52.71 || 64.00 || 70.80 || 75.29 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.80 || 28.00 || 34.00 || 37.60 || 40.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 650 || 650 || 650 || 650 || 650 || 650
|-
| M829 || APFSDS || 491 || 488 || 481 || 473 || 464 || 454
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M830 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.10 || N/A || 0.1 || 2,360 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M829 || APFSDS || 1,670 || 4.30 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 35 ''(+5)'' || 18 ''(+22)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle (Commander) || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 10,000 (200) || 750 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle (Loader) || 1,400 (200) || 750 || -9°/+65° || -77°/+135°
|-
|}


== Usage in battles ==


'''Stock Gameplay:'''

As with any vehicle, the M1A1 finds itself at a serious disadvantage while stock. Without access to thermal imaging or the powerful M829 APFSDS round, users will need to play more carefully. While the M830 HEAT-FS round is powerful, it struggles against composite armor and ERA, as well as having lackluster post-penetration effects. Generally stock M1A1 tank commanders should avoid areas with lots of foliage, as here the lack of thermals will be especially detrimental. Additionally players will have to aim more carefully to deal effective damage with the M830 HEAT round.

'''Spaded Gameplay:'''

The M1A1 is a powerful 10.3 tank. The M829 APFSDS round has plenty of penetration, and it should be easy to destroy enemy vehicles. The gun, ammo, and reload rate are comparable to other 10.3 vehicles. The M1A1 does however struggle in some regards compared to top of the line 10.3 tanks such as the Leopard 2A5. The turret protection on the M1A1 is not capable of stopping several of the best APFSDS rounds at it's tier at close range. Rounds like 3BM42 Mango are able to penetrate at ranges up to 3500 meters! With this in mind, players should not rely on their armor.

'''Close Range Engagements:'''

The M1A1 is very capable at close range. It has impressive acceleration and gun handling, giving it an edge over other vehicles. The Hull armor gives the M1A1 a fighting chance against less powerful rounds, and the reload rate is comparable to it's adversaries. Brawling is one of the Abrams tanks strong suits.

'''Long Range Engagements:'''

The M1A1 is capable at long range, but is outclassed by many other vehicles. The cannon is powerful, but not especially so compared to it's adversaries. The biggest issues the M1A1 will face in regards to long range engagements are the turret armor and lack of commanders thermals. While the M829 APFSDS round will fail to penetrate the turret cheeks of vehicles like T80U and Leopard 2A5, their rounds will have no such trouble with the M1A1. The lack of commanders thermals makes it difficult to scout for enemies while in full hull down, although players can bind a button to switch to the machine gun as their main weapon. This will allow them to see through the machine gun sight with a thermal imager, giving them an elevated vantage point through the thermals.

'''Gameplay summary:'''

Although the M1A1 is somewhat weak when stock, it is an adequate frontline tank while spaded. The powerful round and gun give it a strong position in the U.S. top tier lineup. However M1A1 tank commanders should remember that their turret cheeks can be penetrated by some rounds. This means it does best in close to medium range fights.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Smoke grenade
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| M829
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| ESS
| Artillery Support
| Laser rangefinder
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 120 mm gun with access to good rounds, including one of the best APFSDS rounds in the game
* Turret exceptionally well protected against chemical rounds
* Decent mobility when upgraded
* Ammunition in the turret, when detonated, generally will not spread to the crew compartment
* The fuel tanks and engine compartment are separated from the crew compartment by steel plates, increasing the time it takes for a fire to destroy the vehicle
* Reload speed of the 120 mm is decent; 6 seconds with an aced crew level

'''Cons:'''

* Stock vehicle is sluggish
* Stock rounds are quite inadequate against many of the main battle tanks the vehicle faces
* Ammunition variety is limited to two choices, a HEAT-FS and APFSDS round
* Reload time slower than 105 mm armed predecessors
* Hull and turret armour less effective against kinetic rounds, plus are lacking in protection against the armaments of current Rank VII vehicles
* Weak turret ring armor and upper hull plate ricochets will often/sometimes lead to fatal shot traps and ammo racks.
* Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

== History ==

Almost as soon as the first production M1 Abrams MBTs began rolling off the assembly line, did American engineers begin working on an up-gunned version of the Abrams. They succeeded in this endeavour in 1981, after a prototype Abrams, designated M1E1, was successfully fitted with a 120mm Rheinmetall smoothbore cannon.

Showing promising performance, work on the vehicle continued. At the same time, an upgraded version of the original Abrams, the IPM1, which featured improved protection and a larger turret was briefly produced between 1984 - 1986. The resulting M1A1 Abrams inherited the upgrades from the IPM1 and combined them with the M256 120 mm smoothbore cannon, a licence-built version of the German original.

The M1A1 was adopted for service in 1984 and was produced alongside the IPM1 for a short while since 1985 until the older modification was phased out of production.

The M1A1 saw its first use during the U.S. deployment in the Gulf War in 1991. Faced against arguably inferior Soviet-era tanks, the M1A1 had successfully proven its worth in tank-on-tank engagements but exposed new problems concerning its performance and vulnerability in urban environments. This led to further upgrades for the vehicle being developed later on.

Production of the M1A1 seized in 1992, with over 5,800 units being produced, including Egyptian and Australian export models. The original M1A1 chassis still serves today, albeit as upgraded variants which have undergone several modernization efforts.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6087-development-m1a1-abrams-leaping-forward-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Images

[[File:M1A1 on Alaska.png|thumb|300px|none|M1A1 Abrams on the move in [[Alaska]].]]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|SqCcFtMWLqU|'''The Shooting Range #140''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the M1A1 Abrams.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6087-development-m1a1-abrams-leaping-forward-en|[Devblog] M1A1 Abrams: Leaping Forward]]

{{USA medium tanks}}

IPM1

2020-07-31T02:57:06Z

U74561000: /* Pros and cons */ Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m1_ip_abrams}}
{{About
| about= American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1= other vehicles of the family
| link-1= M1 Abrams (Family)
| usage-2= other uses of the designation
| link-2= M1 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''', or just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''', is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

The IPM1 (Improved Performance M1) is a minor upgrade upon the protection of the [[M1 Abrams]]. This is primarily confined to improved composite protection in the turret cheeks, resulting in a slightly lengthened turret. The IPM1 maintains the same engine, weapon and other internals of the M1.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The IPM1 maintains the protective measures and survivability of the original M1 Abrams, with the exception of a minor increase in the levels of composite protection. The result is a notable improvement in chemical protection and a minor improvement in kinetic protection. As with its predecessor, the turret cheeks and UFP are quite effective at deflecting ATGMs and HEAT rounds with only a few exceptions (such as the ADATS' 900 mm penetration missiles). Despite the improved protection, the IPM1 is still vulnerable to turret ring, gun mantlet and lower front plate shots, and particularly powerful kinetic rounds through the turret cheeks.

The Abrams' survivability comes not from armour, but rather from the spread-out crew members and critical components, and blowout panel protecting the crew from ammunition detonation. Often this results in enemies needing to make the choice of either disabling the vehicle's mobility ''or'' its offensive ability with their initial round; allowing the Abrams either to escape further damage or fire back.

Rounds that penetrate the rear panel between the turret crew compartment and blowout compartment will negate the blowout protection, causing any potential ammunition detonation to knock the vehicle's crew out as well.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2058|rbMinHp=1343}}

The {{PAGENAME}} retains the same engine as the original M1 Abrams with a minor increase (+0.9t) in weight due to the armour improvements. As such, the {{PAGENAME}} suffers from a minimal reduction in top speed but will still comfortably reach 70km/h on-road. Despite the hugely powerful engine, the vehicle's manoeuvrability suffers prior to the Tracks upgrade being researched; once Tracks have been purchased the IPM1 will perform significantly better in close quarters or in off-road applications.

As with the original Abrams, the {{PAGENAME}} largely relies on its powerful engine to get it to the battlefield earlier than other vehicles and into advantageous positions.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M68A1 (105 mm)}}

Like its predecessor, the IPM1 is equipped with a reliable 105 mm M68A1 cannon, and also has access to the same ammunition. The 105mm cannon is somewhat sub-par relative to the weaponry other top rank vehicles are equipped with, but an experienced tanker can make use of the decent round ballistics and incredibly good reload speeds to quickly despatch targets. It's important to know what the cannon is capable of and where weak spots are on enemy vehicles, particularly when facing more modern vehicles such as the Leopard 2A5 and T-80U.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M68A1 (105 mm)|105 mm M68A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 55 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.08 || 52.71 || 64.00 ||70.8
| 75.29 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M456A2 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 353 || 350 || 342 || 333 || 322 || 312
|-
| M774 || APFSDS || 357 || 355 || 347 || 338 || 328 || 319
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,306 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M456A2 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,271 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 1,501 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M774 || APFSDS || 1,509 || 3.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
'''Last updated: 1.77.2.68'''
[[File:Ammoracks_M1Abrams.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the M1 Abrams.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''55''' || 33 ''(+22)'' || 25 ''(+30)'' || 3 ''(+52)'' || 0 ''(+55)'' || No
|-
|}

Blowout rack only: 45 ''(+10)''

First ammo rack will replenish when not reloading



=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

The IPM1 is equipped with no less than three machine guns - while most often these are only valuable for clearing obstacles or tagging enemy vehicles, on occasion they might prove valuable dealing with close air support or nearby helicopters, as well as some light vehicles.

Additionally, due to the barrage of rounds produced when all three machine guns are fired simultaneously, they can sometimes be used to obstruct an enemy vehicle's gun sight simply by shooting their main gun (AB/RB) or their optics (SB)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Commander's cupola || 1,000 (200) || 576 || -9°/+65° || -160°/+180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Loader's cupola || 1,400 (200) || 750 || -9°/+65° || -77°/+135°
|-
| Coaxial || 10,000 (200) || 750 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The IPM1 should primarily rely on its speed and reload time to quickly despatch enemies and move back into cover. Where possible, make flanking maneuvers or use the Abrams' mobility to get into forward positions with the intention to catch unsuspecting targets off. Be aware, however, that the Abrams is only marginally faster than vehicles like the Leopard 2K and T-80U.

When forced into open or ranged engagements, use cover to protect your hull; while the turret may provide insufficient protection keeping the hull safe will often allow you to move back into cover if hit or damaged and repair or relocate, rather than losing your mobility and ability to escape.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| M393A2
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| M416
| Smoke grenade
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| NVD
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| ESS
| Artillery Support
| Laser rangefinder
| M774
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Composite armour in turret cheeks and UFP are capable of stopping all but the most powerful chemical rounds and ATGMs
* Has a very fast reload, 6.5 seconds stock down to 5.0 seconds aced
* Very powerful engine, high top speed and good acceleration characteristics
* Extremely good reverse speed
* Fast turret traverse
* Extremely fast gun elevation/depression
* Well spread crew and critical components result in good survivability
* Blowout compartment can save crew from some ammunition detonation cases
* Array of machine guns, effective against CAS, nearby helicopters and some light vehicles

'''Cons:'''

* Armour provides suboptimal kinetic protection
* The 105mm APFSDS rounds aren't particularly powerful; may struggle to penetrate some modern targets
* Extra armour reduces top speed and acceleration
* Extremely vulnerable gun mantlet and turret ring
* Turbine engine is extremely loud, often audible from long distance and can be used to discern the direction of the vehicle
* Has the slowest reverse speed of (36km/h RB) out of all Abrams with (41km/h RB).
* Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

== History ==


=== Development: M1 ===

With the cancellation of the MBT-70/XM-803 program in 1971, a new program to research and create prototypes for a main battle tank was created in 1972 known as the Main Battle Tank Task Force (MBTTF) at Fort Knox. General Motors and Chrysler were eventually selected to submit drafts and designs and by the end of 1973 there were scale mock-ups of the XM1 prototypes. The design was featured around the previously used 105 mm M68 gun along with a high powered engine for increased mobility.<ref name="Hunnicut1" /> It was decided to explore new types of composite armour, and the Chobham armour being developing in Britain at the time was examined although it was not used in the XM1 prototypes.<ref name="Hunnicut2" /> The XM1 was tested in 1976, and by the end of the year Chrysler was chosen to create extensive engineering test vehicles.<ref name="Hunnicut3" />

Testing of the Full Scale Engineering Development (FSED) prototypes took place in 1978 and 1979 with 11 vehicles being produced. By this time the Honeywell AGT-1500 gas turbine engine was installed. After successful modifications and testing, initial production was approved in 1979 for a series of 110 units.<ref name="Hunnicut4" /> Following more testing and finalization, production of the standardized '''105 mm Gun Tank, M1''' Abrams was approved in 1981, with the production run lasting until January 1985 and over 2,300 vehicles being made.<ref name="Hunnicut5" />

=== Development: IPM1 ===

The '''105 mm Gun Tank M1, Improved Performance''' was a modification of the original M1 Abrams tank that was produced between October 1984 through May 1986 with a total of 894 vehicles being produced. The changes made to create the Improved Performance models were taken from the ongoing Block I development program for the M1 Abrams, which would eventually produce the M1A1. Additional NERA armour protection in the turret was added, an upgraded suspension and changes to the transmission gears all added substantial weight and the maximum speed was reduced from 45 to 41.5 mph (72.4 to 67.8 km/h). In addition, more stowage racks were added to the turret, which was elongated to fit the additional composite armour arrays.<ref name="Hunnicut6" />

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|5hWb_841D7w|'''The Shooting Range #119''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 06:57 discusses the IPM1. - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 09:41 discusses how to defeat the IPM1.}}

== See also ==


* [[M1 Abrams]] - Predecessor without the "Improved Performance" upgrades.

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5782-development-to-minnesota-for-the-abrams-en|[Devblog] To Minnesota for the “Abrams”]]
* Hunnicut, R.P. ''Abrams: A History of the American Main Battle Tank.'' Novato: Presidio Press, 1990.

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Hunnicut1">R.P. Hunnicut, "Abrams: A History of the American Main Battle Tank" (Novato: Presidio Press, 1990), pp. 161-162.</ref>
<ref name="Hunnicut2">''Ibid.,'' pp. 176-177.</ref>
<ref name="Hunnicut3">''Ibid.,'' p. 181.</ref>
<ref name="Hunnicut4">''Ibid.,'' pp. 195-202.</ref>
<ref name="Hunnicut5">''Ibid.,'' p. 216.</ref>
<ref name="Hunnicut6">''Ibid.,'' p. 230.</ref>
</references>

{{USA medium tanks}}

M1 Abrams

2020-07-31T02:56:42Z

U74561000: /* Pros and cons */ Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m1_abrams}}
{{About
| about= American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1= other vehicles of the family
| link-1= M1 Abrams (Family)
| usage-2= other uses of the designation
| link-2= M1 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M1Abrams.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''', or just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''', is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.77 "Advancing Storm"]].

In-game, the M1 Abrams is a fairly quick main battle tank. It accelerates quickly, and will hold a speed of 32 miles an hour over rough terrain. On city maps or paved surfaces, an M1 Abrams can easily reach its top speed of 45 miles an hour, thanks to its monstrously powerful turbine engine. With three speeds in reverse, it is also capable of an impressive 25 miles an hour to back away from troublesome situations.

As powerful as the motor may be, the M1 Abrams has a slow to respond, and relatively slow traverse rate for its neutral steering. In some circumstances, it may be more beneficial to back away before turning around, as waiting for the neutral steering to turn 180 degrees is lengthy.

The M1 Abrams also suffers from a raised engine deck- As such, its capacity for "over the shoulder" shots and shots directly over the rear is very limited, because the engine deck prevents lowering the cannon.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Composite armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 19-38.1 mm (82-83°) ''Front glacis'' 31.75* mm (40°), 25.4-38.1 mm (82°) ''Lower glacis'' || 27.6-30 + 6.35-70.0 mm 25.4 mm ''Front tip'' 28.4 mm ''Rear tip'' || 31.75 mm (5-37°) 12.7 mm (53-54°) || 31.75 mm 5 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 31.75* mm (21-30°) 31.75* mm (30-36°) ''Gun mantlet'' 25.4 mm (74-82°) ''Turret underside'' || 12.7-31.75* mm (30°) || 12.7 mm (43-48°) 25.4 mm (80-83°) ''Turret underside'' || 38.1 mm ''Front'' 25.4 mm ''Rear'' 12.7 mm ''Panels''
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
! Composite armour* !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || '''Lower glacis:''' 380 mm ''Kinetic'' 600 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
| Turret || '''Turret front:''' ''Angles +0-0°:'' 400 mm ''Kinetic'' 650 mm ''Chemical'' ''Angles +25-25°:'' 380 mm ''Kinetic'' 600 mm ''Chemical'' '''Gun mantlet:''' 240 mm ''Kinetic'' 450 mm ''Chemical'' || '''31.75 mm sections:''' 160 mm ''Kinetic'' 400 mm ''Chemical'' '''12.7 mm sections:''' 80 mm ''Kinetic'' 400 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Turret ring is 50.8 + 50.8 mm thick.
* 19 mm RHA plates are positioned behind the front fuel tanks.
* 19 mm RHA plates surround the turret rear ammo racks.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 2058|rbMinHp= 1343}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M68A1 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M68A1 (105 mm)|105 mm M68A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 55 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.08 || 52.71 || 64.00 || 70.8 || 75.29 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M456A2 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 353 || 350 || 342 || 333 || 322 || 312
|-
| M774 || APFSDS || 357 || 355 || 347 || 338 || 328 || 319
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,306 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M456A2 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,271 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 1,501 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M774 || APFSDS || 1,509 || 3.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
'''Last updated: 1.77.2.68'''
[[File:Ammoracks_M1Abrams.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''55''' || 33 ''(+22)'' || 25 ''(+30)'' || 3 ''(+52)'' || 0 ''(+55)'' || No
|-
|}

Blowout rack only: 45 ''(+10)''

First ammo rack will replenish when not reloading



=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Commander's cupola || 1,000 (200) || 576 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Loader's cupola || 1,400 (200) || 750 || -9°/+65° || -77°/+135°
|-
| Coaxial || 10,000 (200) || 750 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Due to its unreliable armour, it is suggested to always try to find a sniping spot; in the maps where it is not an option, advance facing forward after checking for enemies. As long as your armour faces the enemy, you are relatively safe. When defending, go hull-down. Make sure there are places to retreat to if needed, and take advantage of the reverse speed and smoke grenades to run from ATGMs. Use the rangefinder when you can, but if the target is moving, you will probably miss. Try to guess based on experience if it comes to it. A good tactic would be to bind RMB to rangefinding and the mouse wheel for elevation adjustements. The M68A1 is a very good gun, but at 10.0, even with APFSDS, it struggles to penetrate many enemies even in the LFP, and trying to fight any soviet MBT in close quarters is just as fun as getting kicked in the teeth but thanks to its good zoom and field of view, a good way to play it safe would be sniping from far away and hoping to get lucky shots, since the ammo rack can hold 45 rounds. It is suggested to use the M735, since at distance many rounds will not hit the target and the M774 costs 600 SL to fire and has only got a better angle penetration. Although it has a low penetration, the M735 and the M774 are still APFSDS, and as such, you can get a penetrating hit on an enemy's side even with a very low impact angle.

The Abrams main strength its its extreme mobility, even by MBT standards, and the very good ballistics of the dart rounds. However, the price comes in protection; the Abrams is quite vulnerable, and struggles to deflect incoming shells with anything: even its turret cheeks are very vulnerable to any top tier round excluding HEATFS. Additionally, The M1 has somewhat sub-par penetration even with its best shell. Because of these factors, it is recommended that you do not use this tank as a front line brawler. Instead, use your speed to quickly appear from angles your opponents are not expecting you to come from. This can take the form of flanking in order to get side shots, Rushing at the start of the game to take an advantageous position, or getting to choke points before the enemy does, in order to be ready to knock them out. Essentially, This tank should be played much like the M18 Hellcat at Rank III, though unlike the Hellcat it is not impossible for your armour to help you occasionally.

A useful thing to note when playing the Abrams, and most MBTs in general, is that if your opponent shows any side armour, you can penetrate them almost every time. if someone is coming towards you even at a slight angle, aim for the the front drive wheel on their tracks. Your shell will be able to penetrate into the tank and likely one shot kill them. It is recommended to use APFSDS as the main loadout, as the HEAT-FS ammunition starts coming against tanks with armour types specifically designed to resist it.

In terms of threats:

* Most tanks at its Battle rating, due to the relatively poor armour.
* Type 90 and AMX-40, as their incredibly powerful shots can penetrate you anywhere, at any angle, at almost any distance.
* The T-80B, because of its strong armament and very strong armour. it can be penetrated through its lower front plate, the drivers viewport below the gun, and just to the side or below the gun. If a T80B shows any of its side, you can penetrate it there.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| M393A2
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| M416
| Smoke grenade
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| NVD
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Laser rangefinder
| M774
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good mobility for its weight
* Good chemical protection from composite armour
* Turret also has composite armour on the side
* Turns very fast, even in neutral steering
* Internal armour plating helps with increasing the crew survivability
* Very accurate main gun with very good gun stabilizers and good rate of fire
* Great forward and reverse speed
* Very good acceleration
* Blowout panels protect the crew from ammo-racks detonation
* Although composite armour is absent on the upper glacis plate, the extreme sloping makes shells bounce everytime

'''Cons:'''

* Large target
* The three shells under the gun do NOT have blowout panels, if detonated you will die
* No composite armour on the upper glacis plate and in the rear of the turret, so remaining on level terrain is priority
* Low APFSDS penetration compared to Challenger 1 and T-64B
* Inadequate stock ammo loadout; Both the M735 and M456 shells are no longer effective at top rank
* Weakest composite armour compared to Challenger and T-64B
* Losing some crew members will prevent you from firing some of your smoke grenades
* The armour's chemical resistance against HEAT and such is not relevant against contemporary enemies usually equipped with APFSDS
* NVD are a tier III modification
* M774 is a tier IV modification and it is still a pretty weak round for 10.0
* The turret ring is a massive weak spot since any shell at 10.0 can penetrate it
* Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

== History ==

Once the unsuccessful joint German-American MBT-70 project had been shut down in 1971, the Congress redistributed funds to the further development of the XM815 project, later known as the XM1 Abrams. The development of the XM1 Abrams was a competition between two designs of the Chrysler and General Motors companies, respectively. Early July 1973 marks an important date for the project after representatives of both companies travelled to Great Britain to witness the development of the new composite armor, named Burlington. Impressed by what they saw, both companies decided to reevaluate and optimize their designs’ armor layout to increase its effectiveness, with General Motors changing the front shape of the turret to a sloped surface, whilst Chrysler retained its vertical design. By 1976, the XM1 prototypes were being readied for testing, with the finishing touch being the installation of the M68 cannon.. Testing of both prototypes took place in the presence of the new German Leopard 2 tank, which was shipped to the U.S. for comparison purposes. Once testing was concluded and the results evaluated, the turbine-powered Chrysler design was proclaimed the winner of the competition and thus the Chrysler design would soon enter production as the M1 Abrams.

The M1 entered production in 1979, with the first production version M1 leaving the factory floor in February 1980. Production of the M1 continued until 1985, with an improved M1IP version being produced briefly between 1984 -1986. By 1985, several thousands of M1s had already been manufactured and put into service. In August 1985 however, the M1 was outfitted with the licence-built version of the Rheinmetall 120mm gun, as found on the Leopard 2 tank and subsequently entered production as the M1A1 Abrams. Following this modification, earlier M1 units would progressively be upgraded to M1A1 standard, but this is a story for another devblog in the future. The M1 Abrams saw the most active service with US forces primarily in operations in the Middle East, but known operators also include Australia, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and others. Nonetheless, the American M1 Abrams is one of the most successful and widely fielded modern-day MBTs in use anywhere in the world, and rightfully deserves its iconic status alongside other American legends such as the M4 Sherman and M60 Patton, to name but a few. The fact that the M1 Abrams is still being manufactured and used today, almost four decades after its introduction, serves as a testimony to that statement.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5355-development-m1-abrams-the-desert-warrior-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#m1 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the M1 Abrams from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Q6sYNcaVVO0|'''The Shooting Range #88''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the M1 Abrams.|P6SfZC-n-U4|'''Т-64B vs M1 Abrams''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|t3mqsI10beU|'''How to destroy the M1 Abrams''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|WA3jQgZLjAg|'''The Shooting Range #94''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:33 discusses the M1 Abrams.|CJ9sCL1BGy4|'''M1 Abrams vs T-72A vs T-80B''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5355-development-m1-abrams-the-desert-warrior-en|[Devblog] M1 Abrams: The Desert Warrior]]

{{USA medium tanks}}

T95E1

2020-07-31T02:56:27Z

U74561000: /* Pros and cons */ Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

{{Specs-Card|code=us_t95e1}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]].

Presenting a 90 mm smoothbore cannon, it is currently the first tank in the American tree line that uses APFSDS ammunition.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:''''

* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Front side hull, Lower rear hull, Hull roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 95 mm (64-71°), 51 mm (67-86°) ''Front glacis'' 127 mm (43-45°) ''Lower glacis'' || 32-101.6 mm || 19 mm (18°) ''Top'' 25 mm (4-64°) ''Bottom'' || -
|-
| Turret || 178 mm (6-78°) ''Turret front'' 178 mm (1-71°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 76-178 mm (24-52°) || 51 mm (4-39°) || 51 mm ''Front'' 38 mm ''Rear''
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 100 mm ''Cupola front'' 105 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 70 mm || 50 mm || 38 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 19 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=868|rbMinHp=495}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|T208E9 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[T208E9 (90 mm)|90 mm T208E9]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 34.27 || 47.44 || 57.60 || 63.69 || 67.76 || rowspan="2" | 11.05 || rowspan="2" | 9.78 || rowspan="2" | 9.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 21.42 || 25.20 || 30.60 || 33.70 || 36.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| T320 || APFSDS || 300 || 297 || 279 || 260 || 244 || 239
|-
| T340E14H || HE || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| T320 || APFSDS || 1,570 || 3.60 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| T340E14H || HE || 1,143 || 8.20 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 1,010 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| T339E14 || 1,143 || 8.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 43 ''(+7)'' || 29 ''(+21)'' || 15 ''(+35)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

Turret empty: 29 ''(+21)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M73 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,700 (200) || 577 || -5°/+40° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M73 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M73]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,750 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The T95E1's playstyle consists of mostly setting up ambushes and/or on the frontlines. The APFSDS shell has more than enough power to destroy most tanks that it will face; however, on a uptier against [[T-64A (1971)|T-64's]] and [[KPz-70]]'s, you will need to play more cautiously, thus the ambushing tactics come into play. You must be extremely aware of what is around you and be quicker than your enemy on the gun because the lack of stabilizers will make your shot on the move very difficult.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| NVD
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| T339E14
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Stock APFSDS able to penetrate most enemies frontally
* Excellent post-penetration spalling from APFSDS
* Sloped frontal armor can bounce multiple shots with ease, but upper glacis and turret front bounce shots to each other
* Very good stock horizontal turret traverse
* Good gun depression of -10°, allows for some hull-down tactics
* High velocity firing makes long-range fighting easier, especially in the large maps
* Has a Smoothbore gun, with excellent recoil mount that decreases the recoil
* Acceptable top speed of 56 kph
* The smoke shell (T339E14) has high velocity which helps you save allies at a long distance.

'''Cons:'''

* Poor acceleration and low top speed cross-country
* Low reverse speed relative to other American medium tanks
* A prominent weak spot in the form of commander's cupola
* No ammunition choices other than APFSDS or HE
* No stabiliser - unable to accurately fire on the move
* Front armour vulnerable against sabot and HEAT rounds
* Limited accuracy of smoothbore cannon at long range
* Engine deck prevents the turret depression
* Rear hull armor can be penetrated with .50 cals and therefore, engine and transmission are prone to damage
* Large ammo racks to the sides of driver, front hull penetration could lead to easy ammo detonation.
* Like with most Abrams series tanks, the engine deck is slightly raised, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

== History ==

In the early 1950s, the US began looking for a replacement for the M48 series. In September 1954, the T95 was selected for development; construction of pilot models began in 1957. The T95E1 differed from the T95 in the inclusion of a recoil system mount and the omission of a two-plane stabilizer, and was completed in early 1958.

The T95 program was shut down in July 1960 when it became clear that both the engine power and smoothbore cannon's accuracy were unsatisfactory and would provide no significant improvements over the M48 already in service. However, further development of the turret design contributed significantly to the turret used later on the M60A1.

== Media ==


* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#t95e1 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the T95E1 from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4752-t95e1-the-contender-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> T95E1: The Contender]]

{{USA medium tanks}}

T95E1

2020-07-31T02:48:04Z

U74561000: /* Pros and cons */ Added the raised engine dek preventing the gun from depressing over the rear of the tank

{{Specs-Card|code=us_t95e1}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]].

Presenting a 90 mm smoothbore cannon, it is currently the first tank in the American tree line that uses APFSDS ammunition.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:''''

* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Front side hull, Lower rear hull, Hull roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 95 mm (64-71°), 51 mm (67-86°) ''Front glacis'' 127 mm (43-45°) ''Lower glacis'' || 32-101.6 mm || 19 mm (18°) ''Top'' 25 mm (4-64°) ''Bottom'' || -
|-
| Turret || 178 mm (6-78°) ''Turret front'' 178 mm (1-71°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 76-178 mm (24-52°) || 51 mm (4-39°) || 51 mm ''Front'' 38 mm ''Rear''
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 100 mm ''Cupola front'' 105 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 70 mm || 50 mm || 38 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 19 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=868|rbMinHp=495}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|T208E9 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[T208E9 (90 mm)|90 mm T208E9]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 34.27 || 47.44 || 57.60 || 63.69 || 67.76 || rowspan="2" | 11.05 || rowspan="2" | 9.78 || rowspan="2" | 9.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 21.42 || 25.20 || 30.60 || 33.70 || 36.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| T320 || APFSDS || 300 || 297 || 279 || 260 || 244 || 239
|-
| T340E14H || HE || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| T320 || APFSDS || 1,570 || 3.60 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| T340E14H || HE || 1,143 || 8.20 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 1,010 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| T339E14 || 1,143 || 8.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 43 ''(+7)'' || 29 ''(+21)'' || 15 ''(+35)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

Turret empty: 29 ''(+21)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M73 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,700 (200) || 577 || -5°/+40° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M73 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M73]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,750 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The T95E1's playstyle consists of mostly setting up ambushes and/or on the frontlines. The APFSDS shell has more than enough power to destroy most tanks that it will face; however, on a uptier against [[T-64A (1971)|T-64's]] and [[KPz-70]]'s, you will need to play more cautiously, thus the ambushing tactics come into play. You must be extremely aware of what is around you and be quicker than your enemy on the gun because the lack of stabilizers will make your shot on the move very difficult.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| NVD
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| T339E14
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Stock APFSDS able to penetrate most enemies frontally
* Excellent post-penetration spalling from APFSDS
* Sloped frontal armor can bounce multiple shots with ease, but upper glacis and turret front bounce shots to each other
* Very good stock horizontal turret traverse
* Good gun depression of -10°, allows for some hull-down tactics
* High velocity firing makes long-range fighting easier, especially in the large maps
* Has a Smoothbore gun, with excellent recoil mount that decreases the recoil
* Acceptable top speed of 56 kph
* The smoke shell (T339E14) has high velocity which helps you save allies at a long distance.

'''Cons:'''

* Poor acceleration and low top speed cross-country
* Low reverse speed relative to other American medium tanks
* A prominent weak spot in the form of commander's cupola
* No ammunition choices other than APFSDS or HE
* No stabiliser - unable to accurately fire on the move
* Front armour vulnerable against sabot and HEAT rounds
* Limited accuracy of smoothbore cannon at long range
* Engine deck prevents the turret depression
* Rear hull armor can be penetrated with .50 cals and therefore, engine and transmission are prone to damage
* Large ammo racks to the sides of driver, front hull penetration could lead to easy ammo detonation.
* Like most of the Abrams series, the engine deck is slightly higher than the turret ring, meaning that you will not be able to depress the gun over the rear of the tank.

== History ==

In the early 1950s, the US began looking for a replacement for the M48 series. In September 1954, the T95 was selected for development; construction of pilot models began in 1957. The T95E1 differed from the T95 in the inclusion of a recoil system mount and the omission of a two-plane stabilizer, and was completed in early 1958.

The T95 program was shut down in July 1960 when it became clear that both the engine power and smoothbore cannon's accuracy were unsatisfactory and would provide no significant improvements over the M48 already in service. However, further development of the turret design contributed significantly to the turret used later on the M60A1.

== Media ==


* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#t95e1 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the T95E1 from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4752-t95e1-the-contender-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> T95E1: The Contender]]

{{USA medium tanks}}

M247

2020-07-28T09:04:50Z

U74561000: /* Pros and cons */ Added con with the locked sight

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m247}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Cast homogeneous armour (Hull)
*Rolled homogeneous armour (Rear (low), Roof, Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 85-200 mm (59-74°) ''Front glacis'' 63-200 mm (13-60°) ''Lower glacis'' || 76 mm (8-43°) ''Front'' 51 mm (0-43°) ''Rear'' || 35 mm (26-32°) ''Top'' 25 mm (61-62°) ''Bottom'' || 57 mm
|-
| Turret || 25.4 mm (15-76°) ''Turret front (Upper)'' 12.7 mm (40-69°) ''Turret front (Lower)'' 25.4 mm (0-87°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 12.7-25.4 mm (0-19°) ''Upper'' 12.7 mm (40-69°) ''Lower'' || 12.7 mm (18°) || 12.7 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 38 mm in the front and 25 mm in the rear.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1065|rbMinHp= 663|}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s turret is installed on the hull of an [[M48A1|M48 medium tank]], because of this they have roughly similar mobility. The {{PAGENAME}} is about 3 tons heavier than the M48A1 (49.3 tons vs. 46.4 tons), and has a slightly weaker engine, which translates into a slightly more sluggish machine compared to the M48A1. The M48A1 has a max engine power of 810 hp, while the {{PAGENAME}}'s engine power is 750 hp. For a vehicle this heavy, it has fairly good mobility. When spaded, it can comfortably hit a top speed of 45 km/h on flat terrain, while in cross-country you will have a top speed of around 25 km/h. While going backwards, the top speed is somewhat less impressive: about -9 km/h.

== Armaments ==

{{main|Bofors L/70 (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors L/70 (40 mm)|40 mm M266 Automatic Cannon]] (x2)
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity each)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="3" | 560 (280) || 300 || -5°/+85° || ±180°
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 52.8 || ? || ? || ? || ?
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 35.7 || ? || ? || ? || ?
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 6.5 || ? || ? || ?
|-
|}

=== Ammunition ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M811 || HEFI-T* || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5
|-
| M822 || HEFI-T* || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5
|-
| 40 mm AP-T || AP-T || 93 || 90 || 77 || 62 || 51 || 41
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M811 || HEFI-T* || 1100 || 0.87 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 255 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M822 || HEFI-T* || 1100 || 0.87 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 185 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 40 mm AP-T || AP-T || 1030 || 0.88 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 48° || 69° || 79°
|-
|}

===Belt types===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
| style="width: 8%" | '''Belts'''
| style="width: 20%" | '''Shell composition'''
| '''Combat usage'''
|-
| ''Default'' || HEFI-T* / AP-T || align="left" | Good general ammunition, a hit on an aircraft typically means its destruction while still enough to do damage to armoured ground vehicles, especially if it shoots into the side of an enemy tank (weaker armour). Good to start with until comfortable with other types of ammunition.
|-
|''40 mm AP-T'' || AP-T / AP-T / AP-T / HEFI-T* || align="left" | Very powerful ammunition which can be used against ground targets with significantly more penetration than other 35-40 mm AP-T projectiles. Will easily destroy any target with side shots even outside the point-blank range and can destroy lighter targets and weak spots from the front even against main battle tanks.
|-
|''M811'' || HEFI-T* / HEFI-T* / HEFI-T* / AP-T || align="left" | "Poor man's anti-air ammunition." Unlike the M822 shells these require direct hits to do significant damage, but if problems are experienced with M822 detonating too early this belt may be your best choice.
|-
|''M822'' || HEFI-T* / HEFI-T* / AP-T || align="left" | Proximity-fused shells that absolutely obliterate aircraft when they make contact, though if they detonate too early, they will do little to no damage. Somewhat unreliable in if they detonate within range of the target, but when they do the target will quickly take considerable damage if not destroyed. The only ammunition for self-propelled anti-aircraft guns that which can cause enough shrapnel damage to bring down planes and helicopters even with near misses. This round should be the go-to anti-air ammunition, although the M811 is a good backup if the M822 is problematic for the gunner.
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks||
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive||M811||
|-
|II
|Suspension||Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire||40 mm AP-T||
|-
|III
|Filters||
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism||Smoke grenade||NVD
|-
|IV
|Transmission||Engine
|
|Laser rangefinder||Artillery support||M822
|}

== Pros and cons ==


'''Pros:'''

* Twin stabilized 40 mm M266 cannon (L/70 40 mm Bofors) have a much higher rate of fire compared to the M42 Duster: Deadlier and more accurate
* Large ammunition count ensures that you will have plenty to fire throughout a match without fear of running out of ammo mid-game
* Has access to 12 x 66 mm smoke grenades, perfect for exiting a dangerous situation
* The M822 ammunition is proximity fused and will detonate if the projectile passes close enough to the target
* The 40 mm's pose a serious threat to lightly-armoured vehicles
* Uses the M48 Patton's hull (armour included) = one of the best-protected SPAA in the game
* Benefits in realistic battles from aim-assistance thanks to the radar
* Has access to night-vision devices for use in night battles
* Large radar sweep range to easily spot targets, as well as a large radar lock-on marker in its scope
* Can retract and extend both search and tracking radars

'''Cons:'''

* As with all high-rank SPAA, the M247 has very thin turret armour; a shell strike could instantly end the vehicle
** Turret is also vulnerable to strafing aircraft + rockets
*Armour advantages of the hull are nullified due to the inclusion of the Hull Break mechanic of the turret
*No thermal sight
*With all radar SPAA, the spinning search radar can expose your position and lead to your destruction
*The gunner sight optics only has one zoom (12.0x with a sight FOV of 6) meaning that you may struggle to engage tanks and to lock/eliminate aircraft

== History ==


The M247 "Sergeant York" was designed in the late 1970's as a purpose-built SPAAG. It was designed to fight alongside the [[M1 Abrams]] and [[M3 Bradley|M2/M3 Bradley]], in order to provide cover against aircraft. There were other SPAA vehicles in service at the time; these were the [[M163|M163 Vulcan]] and the MIM-72/M48 Chaparral. The former being a 20 mm rotary cannon mounted on an armored personnel carrier, and the latter being a heavily modified armored personnel carrier chassis with a surface-to-air missile launcher. Neither of those two vehicles were designed as SPAA's, and so, did not have the necessary performance to be adequate at their job. The M247 was designed as a replacement for both of the previous vehicles.

Designs from a multitude of companies were entered into the competition. Only two were selected for testing: the Ford XM-247 with twin Bofors 40mm cannons and the General Dynamics XM-246 with twin Oerlikon 35mm cannons. The two prototypes were tested, and the XM-247 was selected as the winner, although the XM-246 had outscored it in all the shooting tests. The M247, as it was soon designated, ran into many problems. The radar was extremely deficient; it had a hard time distinguishing trees from planes, and if the guns were pointed too high, they would get in the radar's way and confuse it even more. In addition, it took too long for the radar to pick up a target and for the guns to actually take aim. In addition, the turret traverse speed was much too slow, the vehicle it's self was too sluggish to keep up the M1's and M2's, and it was unreliable in cold weather. Eventually, the program was cancelled after more testing, where it was proven the system could not even shoot down stationary drones. There was still a need for an anti-aircraft vehicle that could keep up with modern vehicles, so Oerlikon Canada created the [[ADATS]] anti-aircraft missile system. This was not as successful as hoped, and was only accepted into Canadian service. The void was eventually filled by the M6 Linebacker, an M2 Bradley with Stinger missiles instead of TOW missiles. The Linebacker was capable of keeping up with modern armored forces, which was the reason for its acceptance, even though the Stingers were not as effective as the ADATS missiles<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M247_Sergeant_York</ref>.

== Media ==

[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#m247 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the M247 Sergeant York from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[M48A1|M48A1 Patton]]
* [[M42|M42 Duster]]
* [[M163|M163 Vulcan]]
* [[ADATS]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5714-development-tam-and-m247-sergeant-york-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> TAM and M247 Sergeant York]]
* "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M247_Sergeant_York|M247 Sergeant York]", ''Wikipedia.org'', Accessed on 24 March 2020.

{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}}
<references />

M247

2020-07-28T04:08:32Z

U74561000: /* Pros and cons */ Addition of last cons point regarding radar

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m247}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Cast homogeneous armour (Hull)
*Rolled homogeneous armour (Rear (low), Roof, Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 85-200 mm (59-74°) ''Front glacis'' 63-200 mm (13-60°) ''Lower glacis'' || 76 mm (8-43°) ''Front'' 51 mm (0-43°) ''Rear'' || 35 mm (26-32°) ''Top'' 25 mm (61-62°) ''Bottom'' || 57 mm
|-
| Turret || 25.4 mm (15-76°) ''Turret front (Upper)'' 12.7 mm (40-69°) ''Turret front (Lower)'' 25.4 mm (0-87°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 12.7-25.4 mm (0-19°) ''Upper'' 12.7 mm (40-69°) ''Lower'' || 12.7 mm (18°) || 12.7 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 38 mm in the front and 25 mm in the rear.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1065|rbMinHp= 663|}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s turret is installed on the hull of an [[M48A1|M48 medium tank]], because of this they have roughly similar mobility. The {{PAGENAME}} is about 3 tons heavier than the M48A1 (49.3 tons vs. 46.4 tons), and has a slightly weaker engine, which translates into a slightly more sluggish machine compared to the M48A1. The M48A1 has a max engine power of 810 hp, while the {{PAGENAME}}'s engine power is 750 hp. For a vehicle this heavy, it has fairly good mobility. When spaded, it can comfortably hit a top speed of 45 km/h on flat terrain, while in cross-country you will have a top speed of around 25 km/h. While going backwards, the top speed is somewhat less impressive: about -9 km/h.

== Armaments ==

{{main|Bofors L/70 (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors L/70 (40 mm)|40 mm M266 Automatic Cannon]] (x2)
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity each)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="3" | 560 (280) || 300 || -5°/+85° || ±180°
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 52.8 || ? || ? || ? || ?
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 35.7 || ? || ? || ? || ?
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 6.5 || ? || ? || ?
|-
|}

=== Ammunition ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M811 || HEFI-T* || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5
|-
| M822 || HEFI-T* || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5
|-
| 40 mm AP-T || AP-T || 93 || 90 || 77 || 62 || 51 || 41
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M811 || HEFI-T* || 1100 || 0.87 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 255 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M822 || HEFI-T* || 1100 || 0.87 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 185 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 40 mm AP-T || AP-T || 1030 || 0.88 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 48° || 69° || 79°
|-
|}

===Belt types===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
| style="width: 8%" | '''Belts'''
| style="width: 20%" | '''Shell composition'''
| '''Combat usage'''
|-
| ''Default'' || HEFI-T* / AP-T || align="left" | Good general ammunition, a hit on an aircraft typically means its destruction while still enough to do damage to armoured ground vehicles, especially if it shoots into the side of an enemy tank (weaker armour). Good to start with until comfortable with other types of ammunition.
|-
|''40 mm AP-T'' || AP-T / AP-T / AP-T / HEFI-T* || align="left" | Very powerful ammunition which can be used against ground targets with significantly more penetration than other 35-40 mm AP-T projectiles. Will easily destroy any target with side shots even outside the point-blank range and can destroy lighter targets and weak spots from the front even against main battle tanks.
|-
|''M811'' || HEFI-T* / HEFI-T* / HEFI-T* / AP-T || align="left" | "Poor man's anti-air ammunition." Unlike the M822 shells these require direct hits to do significant damage, but if problems are experienced with M822 detonating too early this belt may be your best choice.
|-
|''M822'' || HEFI-T* / HEFI-T* / AP-T || align="left" | Proximity-fused shells that absolutely obliterate aircraft when they make contact, though if they detonate too early, they will do little to no damage. Somewhat unreliable in if they detonate within range of the target, but when they do the target will quickly take considerable damage if not destroyed. The only ammunition for self-propelled anti-aircraft guns that which can cause enough shrapnel damage to bring down planes and helicopters even with near misses. This round should be the go-to anti-air ammunition, although the M811 is a good backup if the M822 is problematic for the gunner.
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks||
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive||M811||
|-
|II
|Suspension||Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire||40 mm AP-T||
|-
|III
|Filters||
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism||Smoke grenade||NVD
|-
|IV
|Transmission||Engine
|
|Laser rangefinder||Artillery support||M822
|}

== Pros and cons ==


'''Pros:'''

* Twin stabilized 40 mm M266 cannon (L/70 40 mm Bofors) have a much higher rate of fire compared to the M42 Duster: Deadlier and more accurate
* Large ammunition count ensures that you will have plenty to fire throughout a match without fear of running out of ammo mid-game
* Has access to 12 x 66 mm smoke grenades, perfect for exiting a dangerous situation
* The M822 ammunition is proximity fused and will detonate if the projectile passes close enough to the target
* The 40 mm's pose a serious threat to lightly-armoured vehicles
* Uses the M48 Patton's hull (armour included) = one of the best-protected SPAA in the game
* Benefits in realistic battles from aim-assistance thanks to the radar
* Has access to night-vision devices for use in night battles
* Large radar sweep range to easily spot targets, as well as a large radar lock-on marker in its scope
* Can retract and extend both search and tracking radars

'''Cons:'''

* As with all high-rank SPAA, the M247 has very thin turret armour; a shell strike could instantly end the vehicle
** Turret is also vulnerable to strafing aircraft + rockets
*Armour advantages of the hull are nullified due to the inclusion of the Hull Break mechanic of the turret
*No thermal sight
*With all radar SPAA, the spinning search radar can expose your position and lead to your destruction

== History ==


The M247 "Sergeant York" was designed in the late 1970's as a purpose-built SPAAG. It was designed to fight alongside the [[M1 Abrams]] and [[M3 Bradley|M2/M3 Bradley]], in order to provide cover against aircraft. There were other SPAA vehicles in service at the time; these were the [[M163|M163 Vulcan]] and the MIM-72/M48 Chaparral. The former being a 20 mm rotary cannon mounted on an armored personnel carrier, and the latter being a heavily modified armored personnel carrier chassis with a surface-to-air missile launcher. Neither of those two vehicles were designed as SPAA's, and so, did not have the necessary performance to be adequate at their job. The M247 was designed as a replacement for both of the previous vehicles.

Designs from a multitude of companies were entered into the competition. Only two were selected for testing: the Ford XM-247 with twin Bofors 40mm cannons and the General Dynamics XM-246 with twin Oerlikon 35mm cannons. The two prototypes were tested, and the XM-247 was selected as the winner, although the XM-246 had outscored it in all the shooting tests. The M247, as it was soon designated, ran into many problems. The radar was extremely deficient; it had a hard time distinguishing trees from planes, and if the guns were pointed too high, they would get in the radar's way and confuse it even more. In addition, it took too long for the radar to pick up a target and for the guns to actually take aim. In addition, the turret traverse speed was much too slow, the vehicle it's self was too sluggish to keep up the M1's and M2's, and it was unreliable in cold weather. Eventually, the program was cancelled after more testing, where it was proven the system could not even shoot down stationary drones. There was still a need for an anti-aircraft vehicle that could keep up with modern vehicles, so Oerlikon Canada created the [[ADATS]] anti-aircraft missile system. This was not as successful as hoped, and was only accepted into Canadian service. The void was eventually filled by the M6 Linebacker, an M2 Bradley with Stinger missiles instead of TOW missiles. The Linebacker was capable of keeping up with modern armored forces, which was the reason for its acceptance, even though the Stingers were not as effective as the ADATS missiles<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M247_Sergeant_York</ref>.

== Media ==

[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#m247 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the M247 Sergeant York from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[M48A1|M48A1 Patton]]
* [[M42|M42 Duster]]
* [[M163|M163 Vulcan]]
* [[ADATS]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5714-development-tam-and-m247-sergeant-york-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> TAM and M247 Sergeant York]]
* "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M247_Sergeant_York|M247 Sergeant York]", ''Wikipedia.org'', Accessed on 24 March 2020.

{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}}
<references />

M103

2020-06-29T23:51:43Z

U74561000: /* Pros and cons */ changed some grammatical errors

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m103}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M103.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It is one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Turret roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 114.3 mm (55-66°) || 50.8 mm ''Upper'' 44.44 mm ''Lower''|| 38 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
| Turret || 127 - 350 mm || 76.2 - 93 mm || 51 mm || 38 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* '''Hull armour:''' After the fantastic T32, the M103's armour situation is generally a letdown. Its side armour is nearly nonexistent, same applying to the rear. The M103's turret size was also increased while reducing the armour down from 152mm to ~85mm average. But all hope is not lost - the M103's armour design did improve. Unlike its predecessor, it features slopes and angles everywhere, making the M103 a difficult target to destroy from the front. It is also reassuring to know that the frontal chassis is no longer a big weak spot; it is relatively minor and can reliably bounce shots right into the armoured gun mantlet.
* '''Turret armour:''' The M103's turret fares better. It is designed to take on tanks from the front, as the line of sight thickness exceeds 300mm on many occasions and where it doesn't the angle will result in bounces. However, this only works when facing straight at the enemy. Any slight angling miscalculation and the Line of Sight armour becomes useless.
* '''Weak spots:''' The worst part of the M103 is its true weak spots. As mentioned previously, the upper glacis and lower gun mantlet tend to bounce shots into each other, often with deadly results. Furthermore, the bottom turret cheeks are not as well angled as the rest of the turret (~176mm) and can even be penetrated by the [[KwK 43 (88 mm)|long 88 mm KwK 43]]. The biggest issue present is the abnormally large turret ring. It is visible all around the tank, and with merely 127 mm of armour it attracts many shots. This, in combination with the "shot trap", presents a very deadly scenario: Either the enemy hits the turret ring and incapacitates the entire crew with one APHE shell, or the shell strikes the mantlet/glacis and still does massive damage to either the driver's compartment or the gun breech. ''Keep the turret ring hidden!'' Another small weakness is that the M103's belly armour is only 38.1 mm thick, meaning most high-explosive rounds used by the Rank V tanks, HESH, can be splashed under the M103 and actually penetrate it with the explosion alone.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1046|rbMinHp= 716|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M58 (120 mm)}}
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" |[[M58 (120 mm)|120 mm M58]]|| colspan="5" |Turret rotation speed (°/s)|| colspan="4" |Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
!Mode
!Capacity
!Vertical
!Horizontal
!Stabilizer
!Stock
!Upgraded
!Full
!Expert
!Aced
!Stock
!Full
!Expert
!Aced
|-
!''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" |33|| rowspan="2" |-8°/+15°|| rowspan="2" |±180°|| rowspan="2" |NA||19.42||26.88||32.60||36.10||38.40|| rowspan="2" |19.37|| rowspan="2" |17.14|| rowspan="2" |15.79|| rowspan="2" |14.90
|-
!''Realistic''
|14.28||16.80||20.4||22.60||24.00
|-
|}
===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M358 shot || AP || 300 || 298 || 286 || 272 || 258 || 245
|-
| M356 shell || HE || 45 || 45 || 44 || 43 || 43 || 43
|-
| M469 shell || HEATFS || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M358 shot || AP || 1,067 || 23.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| M356 shell || HE || 762 || 22.8 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 4,650 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M469 shell || HEATFS || 1,143 || 23.8 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 2,670 || +0° || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| M357 || 762 || 23 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_M103.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|Ammo racks of the M103.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" | Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Ammo Part
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| style="text-align:center" | '''33''' || style="text-align:right" | ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 12 ''(+21)'' 24 ''(+9)'' || 1 ''(+32)'' 14 ''(+19)''||   10 ''(+23)'' ||   1 ''(+32)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,000 (200) || 576 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount (#1)''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount (#2)''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Armed with an extremely large 120 mm cannon, the tank boasts superior firepower rivalling many other Rank V vehicles. One thing must be said from the start: The full name of the M103 is "'''''120 mm Gun Tank''''' '''M103'''" and not "[[T32|'''''Heavy tank''''' '''T32''']]". As the title already hinted, this tank is all about the cannon, a ''Gun tank''. This defines the general play style of the tank in both [[Arcade Battles|arcade]] and [[Realistic Battles|realistic mode]]: it is a sniper with the sole role of making the enemy's life as miserable and short-lived as possible. The cannon can compete against the armour of the [[Maus]]!

One thing to note is that the M103's play style is very different from its predecessor T32. Aside from the increase in firepower with the 120 mm cannon, the armour on the M103 is actually slightly weaker than the T32. The M103's gun mantlet is still good with ~300 mm line of sight thickness, but any other spot on the tank is weaker. The tank's upper glacis is, however, a major improvement and mostly a ricochet zone. If impacted, the shells usually travel straight into the turret or gun. Against later Soviet and German tanks, the front of the M103 is vulnerable. Even by using the "hull down" tactic as with the T32, the tank can still be penetrated. However, half-turret down will net better results. The sides, as on most US tanks, are still very thin and vulnerable with no major changes from previous models.

However, the armour of the M103 is not all bad; while it is not thick, the way it angles will deflect many shots. A badly placed shot will easily ricochet, or be swallowed by the line of sight thickness. A head-on engagement is the M103's greatest strength as its frontal armour performs similarly to the [[IS-3]]'s frontal pike nose. Due to the shape of the hull, it being boat-like, you may bounce some low caliber shells off the lower side of your hull.

With range, the advantages of the M103 increase while its disadvantages recede. It is, therefore, the perfect tank for large, open maps like Mozdok and Kursk, where flanking tanks can easily be spotted and dealt with

===Tactics===
The M103 is best played at medium to long range, making use of its 120 mm cannon to devastate enemies at a long distance. The vehicle's armour is more about slope than actual thickness, so the long distance also helps to mitigate the M103's rather large armour gaps. The tank also has good gun depression, so making use of hills is advised wherever possible. If on a city map, and have no long-range opportunities, stay close to teammates and move up only as warranted. The 120 mm has a fairly long reload, and in close quarters, can get the M103 destroyed during the downtime. As such, keep a back-up plan an escape route handy, as a missed, bounced, or non-lethal shot can leave the M103 exposed to enemy return fire.

The M103 also comes with a smoke round in case it's needed, but unless it's used to cover a pre-engagement advance, it's best to keep it in reserve only. The long reload of the gun can make loading a smoke round a fatal error, should the M103 get caught mid-reload, or worse, have to cease a reload halfway through to load a more suitable round.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="2" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks||
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive||
|-
|II
|Suspension||Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire||M469 shot
|-
|III
|Filters||
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism||NVD
|-
|IV
|Transmission||Engine
|
|M357||Rangefinder
|}
It comes without question that this tank, whose sole defining aspect is its gun, should rely first on parts to keep the barrel smoking. For the second upgrade, which also unlocks other tier two upgrades, "Turret Drive" is recommended. The M103 has no mobility problems and therefore tracks can generally be neglected. However, its second tier unlocks are very useful. "FPE" is beneficial against the fires caused by the engine, but the 380 mm penetration HEAT shells and "Adjustment of Fire" for better accuracy are nothing to ignore. When choosing upgrades, ask this question: ''Is the normal APBC shot enough? Would I have benefited from being able to put out a fire? Does better accuracy help me to get more targets?'' Choose wisely! After all these three modules are researched, there is not a lot left. "Elevation Mechanism" is always nice, same for "Engine" and "Transmission".

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has one of the largest calibre guns in the game that fire solid AP shots
* Excels in long-range combat on open maps
* Decent gun depression of -8 degrees for hull-down positions
* The M358 AP round is one of the strongest rounds available
* Great post-penetration for AP
* Very fast turret traverse rate
* Frontal armour is very strong against all but the most well-aimed and large calibre shots
* Sloped front glacis can deflect most AP shots
* Quite mobile for a heavy tank, even with stock modifications
* Reaches max speed (33 km/h) even when stock and going off-road
* .50 cal machine gun can provide some AA defence
* Stock AP rounds can one-shot almost anything - pending good shot placements
* Has a rangefinder

'''Cons:'''

* HEATFS has relatively low penetration compared to contemporary enemy tanks
* Tank can only hold 33 rounds
* Rather long reload of more than 15 seconds
* Turret shot trap present and could be shot at
* Turret ring is vulnerable
* Belly armour is only 38.1 mm thick
* Not close-engagement friendly
* Sides and rear of turret and hull are very weak, less than 50.8 mm thick
* In up-tiers, where shell penetration quickly outpaces armor improvements, the armor on the M103 is more of a curse than a benefit as it slows the tank down and rarely stops shells.

== History ==

===Development===
The '''M103''' tank was designed to counter the Soviet heavy tanks being produced at the time, namely the [[IS-3]] and the [[T-10M]] heavy tanks, which prove rather impervious to Western tank designs such as the [[M26|M26 Pershing]] and [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]]. The problem facing the designers at the time was to produce a versatile tank system capable of engaging heavy tanks like the IS-3 and fortifications.

The result of the request for such of a vehicle was the experimental ''T34 heavy tank'', which was a variant of the then-experimental ''[[T29|T29 Heavy tank]]'' except mounting the much larger 120 mm T53 cannon rather than a 105 mm T5E2 cannon. Further development began on this tank in 1948, where multiple changes were made to the design to fit a more versatile tank system. The end result was the now named ''T43 Heavy Tank'', which began to see the doubt in its success as the Korean War was undergoing at the time that placed the [[M26|M26 Pershing]] back in the spotlight. The T43 managed to survive due to an order request of 80 units by the Army to reinforce their depleted armoured forces. The USMC even sought a replacement that could serve for a long period of time and ordered 220 of the vehicle in 1951. Changes were made to the armour protection and the gun was updated to the newer 120 mm T123E1 cannon. After being sent to Aberdeen Proving Ground and approved, it was accepted under the ''T43E1'' designation.

The [[M58 (120 mm)|120 mm T123E1 cannon]] (adopted as the M58 gun) was a very large cannon, and the ammo could penetrate about 340 mm of armour up to 1,000 yards. However, the ammo's large size restricted the number that could be held in the tank turret and hull. The design also had a 7.62 mm machine gun and a .50 cal machine gun could be installed on the turret to provide anti-aircraft and anti-personnel fire. The heavy weight of the design at 59 tons caused the Continental AV1790 engine to be insufficient in propelling the tank. Thus, the tank's speed was only about 34 km/h (21 mph). Despite the weight, it was still 10 tons lighter than its predecessors and retained about the same armour protection ratings. The production of the T43E1 tank was designated as the '''M103''' tank and was produced at Chrysler Newark for a total of 300 units produced.

===Deployment===
The M103 was fielded in Europe in only one battalion in January 1958. The 889th Tank Battalion (later as the 2nd Battalion, 33rd Armor Regiment) was organized to four companies of six platoons each. Each platoon had three M103 heavy tanks for eighteen tanks per company. The United States Marine Corps had one M103 company of about seventeen tanks assigned to each of its three Marine tank battalions in regulars and reserves.

The M103 never saw combat during its service life from 1957 to 1974 and the US Heavy Tank Battalions began to be deactivated around 1963 with the arrival of the [[M60|M60 Main Battle Tank]], which proved to be much better in the long terms compared to the M103. The Marines kept their M103s until they began receiving the M60 tanks to replace them. The removal of the heavy tank units in the US military was the time of turnover from the traditional classification of weight between a tank to the new concept of "main battle tanks" and "airborne vehicles". These ushers in the new age of main battle tanks that can serve in a multi-purpose role against armour and fortifications, starting in the M60 tank, then in its successor the M1 Abrams. The M1 Abrams, while having the same calibre as the M103, was much more powerful due to its new ammunition types and design, and was a statement on the advancement of technology that came in about thirty years difference between the two tank designs.

Today, only a few M103 samples are left intact around America in various bases and museums.

=== In-game description ===
"By the end of the Second World War the M26 Pershing was the primary heavy tank for the American armed forces, though it was later redesignated a medium tank. The US at the same time was working on new heavy tanks, creating the T29, T30, T34, and T32 prototypes.

Having released the first T43 pilot model for testing in the summer of 1951, the Detroit Tank Arsenal (Chrysler) introduced a large number of changes to the project. The three subsequent pilot models were designated T43E1s, and worth noting among the significant changes made was the new 120 mm M58 (T123) cannon. New barrel production technology boosted pressure in the chamber as well as initial velocity. The M103's hull and turret were built as intricate, bulky molded pieces with flat welded armor plates on the bottom. The traditional design featured the power unit and transmission in the rear.

After testing began in 1953 for the pilot and production models, 98 changes were made to the design. In April 1956 the tank was standardized and sent to production as the 120 mm Gun Full-Tracked Combat Tank M103. In all, 74 of the first 80 T43E1 tanks were updated to meet M103 standards.

Operations in Europe uncovered yet another list of problems plaguing the tank: difficult working conditions for the crew, an underpowered engine that overworked both it and the transmission, a barrel that quickly showed wear when frequently firing armor-piercing rounds, and much more.

The Marine Corps later ordered a final modernization for the tank: after the basic M60 was accepted, its diesel engine and fire control system were adapted. The new model was designated the M103A2."

== Media ==

=== Skins ===

*[http://live.warthunder.com/?q=%23m103 Skins and camouflages for the M103 from live.warthunder]
**[http://live.warthunder.com/post/109541/ '''"Old Wolf"''' by ''STALINGRAD34RUS'']
**[http://live.warthunder.com/post/117847/ '''"M103 "Junk Yard Dog" D14 of the USMC (historical)"''' by ''Skydread'']
**[http://live.warthunder.com/post/96110/ '''"Grey camouflage"''' by ''Naserati'' Scale: 175% + Rotation 135%]
**[http://live.warthunder.com/post/105522/ '''"United States Marine Corps"''' by ''STALINGRAD34RUS'']

=== Videos ===
{{Youtube-gallery|BYXEADQGFpA|Tank overview & introduction '''"M103 Tank Review : Projecting Power"''' by ''CornyBros''|9ffxZDfz6rA|Gameplay video with focus on HEAT shells '''"Best Penetrating Tank Round! M103 New HEAT Ammo!"''' by ''BaronVonGamez''}}

== See also ==


* [[Conqueror|Conqueror Mk 2]] - British counterpart of the heavy tanks, using the same gun design.

== External links ==


* [http://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/680/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Steel Generals: M103 Heavy Tank]
* [http://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/731/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Developers about the M103 Heavy Tank]

{{USA heavy tanks}}

F-104A

2020-06-29T23:44:04Z

U74561000: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card|code=f-104a}}
{{About
| about = jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-104 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

[[File:F-104A in the sunset.jpg|alt=F-104 Starfighter breaks the soundbarrier at sunset with its afterburner roaring|thumb|A F-104A Starfighter breaks the sound barrier at sunset]]
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,104 || 2,079 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.4 || 33.0 || 190.9 || 182.9 || rowspan="2" | 1,180
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 2,350 || 833 || 444 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 720 || < 950 || < 800 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic Mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J79-GE-3 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,182 kg || colspan="3" | 513 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel
|-
| 1,750 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 6,947 kg || 7,712 kg || 8,477 kg || 8,859 kg || 24,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,936 kgf || 6,061 kgf
| 0.87 || 0.79 || 0.71 || 0.68 || 0.25
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,936 kgf (0 km/h) || 7,751 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.12 || 1.00 || 0.91 || 0.87 || 0.32
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

In terms of armour, there is no armour on the F-104A. Since the F-104A relies on high speed, it wouldn't need armour as that would reduce the speed and maneuverability of the plane.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|M61 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61 cannon, chin-mounted (750 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AIM-9B Sidewinder}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles

== Usage in battles ==

The F-104A is a high speed, high altitude fighter-bomber / interceptor. It performs well in high altitude flights meant to intercept fighters and mainly bombers at high altitudes. When the F-104A is fighting at low altitudes with a slower plane, the pilot should consider a hit and run technique to out-speed and return to the target to avoid getting shot back.

The F-104A has a decent stock turn time of 33 seconds which is the average or decent turn time of most supersonic jets at rank VI for Russian jets. The F-104A will have difficulties when trying to hit an enemy less than 1 or 2 kilometers away using the 20mm M61 cannon since this cannon will take some time to warm-up before shooting and turn fights will also be difficult due to high speed maneuvers causing an average 8 or more Gs rendering the pilot unconscious for most of the time.

Using the F-104A's M61 cannon against helicopters would be very easy since they're slow and most of the time are in constant direction and speed, while you are attacking from the side or back with speeds almost or higher than mach 1, the helicopter won't notice until you strafe at them.

Sitting at BR 9.7, it would only take a few time to be up-tiered to jets that carry both flares and more AAMs than you, since the F-104A isn't carrying any flares, you would have to rely on the planes decent maneuverability, and high speed, and maybe turn off the afterburner and maybe even the engine to reduce the incoming AAMs chance to hit the plane, always remember the insane climb rate for the plane, this means you can also face the incoming AAM at the sun even when the sun is at a steep angle, this in turn would spend more fuel since you would need to use afterburners to efficiently climb at steep angles, out-running short-range anti-air missiles are tricky since some go mach 1.7, while others go mach 2.5, do not expect all missiles to be out-runned.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
|
|
| Offensive 20 mm
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| AIM-9B
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 20 mm cannons
|
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good top speed for its rank
* Great rate of climb; even the F-4 Phantom may struggle to match it
* Decent high-speed maneuverability, in spite of its tiny wings
* 20 mm Vulcan gun can really do some serious damage
* Has access to AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* Good roll rate for a jet

'''Cons:'''

* Lousy low-speed maneuverability
* Only one secondary weapon load
* Can't carry bombs
* Relatively low ammo count for the Vulcan; trigger discipline is necessary
* M61 Vulcan doesn't shoot instantly, takes less than a second to rotate
* No flares to counter AAMs
* As with most jets, it tends to bleed off speed quickly in sustained turns

== History ==

The F-104A Starfighter was the first in-service United States Air Force (USAF) fighter to fly at twice the speed of sound, and made its first flight on February 7th, 1954<ref>https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/lockheed-f-104a-starfighter/nasm_A19761017000</ref>. In [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DV7q-ptOyQ&feature=youtu.be this video] from Lockheeed Martin's archives, the Starfighter's maiden flight can be viewed. The F-104 began being designed in November 1952, when the USAF requested a superiority day fighter<ref name=":0">https://www.airplanesofthepast.com/f104-starfighter.htm</ref>. The USAF chose Lockheed Martin's protype, with its unusually stubby straight wings, in a time when fighters had large, swept back, wings<ref name=":0" />. The first F-104A's were delivered to the 83rd Fighter-Interceptor squadron stationed at Hamilton Air Force Base on January 26, 1958, where they would break speed and altitude records<ref name=":0" />. One major record that was set by an F-104A was when Major Howard C. Johnson set a new altitude record by flying at 91,243 ft on May 7th, 1958<ref>https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=113</ref>.

== Media ==


;Images

[[File:F-104A Starfighter Among the Stars.jpg|alt=F104A Starfighter flying with a full afterburner on a clear starry night (in-game screenshot)|left|thumb|F-104A Starfighter Among the Stars]]
{{Break}}

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|QAA4S31Hbhw|'''The Shooting Range #202''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:30 discusses the F-104 Starfighter.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

=== References ===
<references />

{{AirManufacturer Lockheed}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}