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Bussard

2024-10-22T20:37:42Z

U73853576: heroine?!what?!

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_type143_bussard
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|market=id50147_bussard_germany
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== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German motor torpedo gun boat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Red Skies"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/7267-event-summer-landing-en|2021 Summer Landing]] event.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The survivability of the Bussard is abysmal. Even with its crew count higher than PT boats', the vessel is completely unprotected by any kind of armour and any gunfire will make short work of her crew and internal compartments. The crew is large at 40 sailors, but they are quickly taken out by gunfire.

The turrets and ammunition magazine are relatively compact, so ammo detonations are possible but not extremely common. The secondary armament, four machine guns above the bridge, is very small and hard to hit. The bridge and the engine compartment are very large targets and are often the first things destroyed when taking fire.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The ship is powered by four MTU 16V 956 TB91 diesels, each producing 17,700 shaft horsepower. This gives the Bussard a very good speed for its size, and provides quick manoeuvring at any speed. The vessel can reach a forward speed of slightly over 41 knots spaded, and has a very respectable 22 knot reverse speed. The ship isn't as good as other coastal craft at stopping from full speed, but it is enough to avoid constantly crashing into islands on heavily clustered maps. The rudder shifting is very responsive, taking around five seconds to go completely from one side to the other.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)}}

The two fast-firing [[76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)]] guns are hard-hitting and have access to some excellent ammunition: a very effective HE shell and a HE-VT shell that easily shreds incoming aircraft.

The reload time of the weapons is fixed at 0.9 seconds with the installed autoloader, with a ready-use ammo supply of 85 rounds per gun. The ballistics are excellent at close to medium range, but at long range begins to suffer given the small calibre of the weapons.

Against enemy ships, the HE shell is the obvious choice. A very potent explosive mass will shred other coastal vessels and can start fires on larger ships.

Against enemy aircraft and to a lesser extent small vessels, the HE-VT shells are very effective. Enemy aircraft nearby will not last long against the quick-firing proximity shells, and smaller vessels are susceptible to them as they act like normal HE against surface targets.

{{:76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)/Ammunition|76 mm DM-251, 76 mm DM-261}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|AN-M2 (12.7 mm)|MG3 (7.62 mm)}}

The secondary armament is very lacklustre, but is still capable of doing some damage. Two [[AN-M2 (12.7 mm)]] heavy machine guns and two [[MG3 (7.62 mm)]] light machine guns, one of each on the port and starboard sides of the bridge, provide limited defence against other coastal craft and nearby aircraft.

The .50 cal weapons come stock with a Universal belt, and you can unlock an AP and API-T belt with higher portions of Incendiary and Armour-Piercing rounds.

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}
* '''.50 AP belt:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}
* '''.50 APIT belt:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}

{{:AN-M2 (12.7 mm)/Ammunition|AP, I, API-T}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Seal DM2A1 (533 mm)}}

The Bussard also has access to two [[Seal DM2A1 (533 mm)|533 mm Seal DM2A1]] torpedoes on the rear deck. The torpedoes launch backwards and quickly turn around before continuing on their course. The weapons have a very long range and good speed, and while the warhead is mediocre at 250 kg of explosive mass, it is still effective against light craft and destroyers.

== Usage in battles ==

The Bussard is best used as a second-line ship, supporting faster or more manoeuvrable vessels with its powerful main armament. She relies on nearby allies since her hull is very weak and at the same time represents a large target. It can also be an effective anti-aircraft escort for friendly vessels with its fast-firing proximity rounds, air search radar, and air target tracking radar that can lock onto enemy aircraft and provide a lead indicator.

Everything in the game is a major threat to this ship, given its large size and easily damaged internal modules. Vessels such as the American PT boats with their large-calibre 20 mm and 40 mm cannons are top priority, with any coastal craft or destroyer it can face being a danger.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Large-calibre, fast-firing main guns.
* Effective ammunition choices.
* Very good speed and manoeuvrability for her size.
* Air search and tracking radar.

'''Cons:'''

* Large target and no armour, gets destroyed very easily.
* Only two primary weapons, one being destroyed, heavily impacts damage potential.
* Secondary/AA armament is extremely lacking.

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/7261-development-summer-marathon-vehicles-type-143-bussard-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1972, the AEG-Telefunken company received an order for the construction of 10 boats in the Albatros project (Type 143), developed by the shipbuilding company Lürssen. These boats were supposed to replace the outdated ships of Projects 141 and 142. The main calibre of the boats were the Italian automatic 76 mm cannons manufactured by OTO Melara, in addition, there were two SEAL DM2A1 torpedoes on board. The last boat of the series was built in 1977, the lead ship, Albatros, like the rest of the boats, received "bird" names. The fourth boat of the series, Bussard (German for "buzzard") was in service with the German fleet until 2005, and in 2010 was sold to Ghana, where she was renamed to Yaa Asantewaa, in honour of the leader of the uprising and the nation's hero.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_type143_bussard Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Bussard with LS-3 Escort.png|Bussard with an escort
File:Bussard firing on the enemy.jpg|Bussard firing at the enemy
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Albatros]]
* [[Albatros Klasse (Family)|Albatos Klasse]]

;Other boats of similar configuration and role

* [[USS Asheville]]
* [[SKR-1]]
* [[HMS Peacock]]
* [[Chikugo]]
* [[Saetta P-494]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7261-development-summer-marathon-vehicles-type-143-bussard-en|[Devblog] Summer marathon vehicles: Type 143 Bussard]]

{{ShipManufacturer Lürssen}}
{{Germany boats}}

M60 (Family)

2023-10-31T07:55:18Z

U73853576: /* M60T Sabra */

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'''Note:''' The [[CM11|CM-11 "Brave Tiger"]] or M48H uses the hull of the M60A3 and the turret of the M48A3 Patton. It is listed here for informative purpose but is classified as a [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48]].

== Development ==

=== 105 mm M68 Gun ===
To determine the main gun of the XM60, a competition was held to test six different guns at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds. All six were evaluated for accuracy, rate of fire, post-penetration damage, and penetration. The first gun evaluated was the 90 mm M41, mounted on the M48A2C, with the T300E53 HEAT round. The 90 mm T208E9 was mounted on the T95E1 and used the T320E62 APDS round. The 105 mm T254E1 (a US version of the L7) was mounted on the T95E2 to test British APDS ammunition. The 120 mm M58 from the M103 was tested, and so was the 120 mm T123E6, a lighter version of the M58, and it was mounted on the T95E4.

The T123E6 was preferred by Ordnance Department because it had ammunition that was similar to that already in production for the M58. It used two-piece ammunition, with the shell and propellant charges being separate. Because of this, the M103 design incorporated two loaders, but this would be impossible on a smaller medium tank. A rate of fire of only four rounds per minute was achieved during testing, which was unacceptable. The 105 mm T254E1 achieved a fire rate of 7 rounds per minute.

The T254E1 was selected, and it was modified to the T254E2, which used a sliding breechblock instead of the original horizontal breechblock.. The T254E2 became standardized as the Cannon, 105 mm Gun, M68. The barrel used was the British X15/L52, as American barrels were not available at the time with the same amount of accuracy. Starting in June of 1959, the American XM24/L52 barrels replaced the British barrels in production, but they were still interchangeable. The evacuator was located lower on the American gun barrels, so they were fitted with an eccentric evacuator instead of a concentric evacuator in order to increase clearance over the rear engine deck.

The M60 used the M68 gun in the M116 mount, while the later M60A1 and M60A3 along with the early XM-1 prototype used the M60E1 gun. The M60E1 shares firing characteristics with the original M68, but it has a number of improvements. The M60E1 has a new hydraulic configuration, a stabilization upgrade, an elevation kill switch, an improved ballistic drive, and other minor improvements. The M68 was later fitted on M48A3 tanks in service with the National Guard, which were then redesignated as the M48A5. In 1973, thermal sleeves began to be used on the gun barrels.

==== Ammunition ====

* '''APDS-T'''
** M774
** M735
* '''APFSDS-T'''
** M735
** M774
* '''HEAT'''
** M456
* '''HEP/HESH'''
** M393
* '''Training'''
** Practice APDS
** Dummy APDS
* '''Other'''
** White Phosphorous Rounds
** Canister Rounds

=== Armour ===

==== Turret ====
The T95E5 turret was used on the first production M60. It was shaped like a hemisphere, and was well rounded; it looked very similar to the turret of the preceding M48 Patton III. The M60A1 series had a new turret which came from the T95E7. The T95E7 turret was significantly different from the T95E5 turret and it had a redesigned bustle, which allowed more ammunition to be carried. The M60A2 had a completely redesigned turret for the mounting of the 152mm M162 gun. The M60A3 series used a turret based on the T95E7 turret, but it featured increased frontal armour protection.

== Design ==

=== M60 ===

=== M60A1 Series ===

==== M60A1 ====
'''Development'''

In 1960, work was started to upgrade the M60 main battle tank, as the T95 project and the project to create composite armour were closed. The prototypes fitted the T95E7 turret on the hull of the M60. In order to increase the room in the turret for the crew the gun used the M140 mount, which moved the gun forward 5 inches. The first two prototypes (Pilot 1 and 2) were ready in May 1961, and the third prototype (Pilot 3) was ready in June 1961. The prototypes were designated as the M60E1, and they were all built by Chrysler Defense. Pilot 1 was tested at Eglin Air Force Base, Pilot 2 was tested at Yuma Test Station, and Pilot 3 was tested at Fort Knox. The M60E1 was accepted for American service on 22 October 1962. The designation for production M60E1 tanks was Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60A1. Production began on 13 October 1962, with an order of 720 units by the Army.

'''Hull'''

The upper glacis armour of the hull was upgraded from 3.67 inches to 4.29 inches at 65°. The steering wheel was replaced with a T-bar control, and the break and accelerator pedals were rearranged for easier usage by the driver. The tank was upgraded to the Continental AVDS-1790-2A engine and the CD-850-5 cross drive transmission, and it used the T97 track assembly. The first return roller was moved slightly, and shock absorbers were added to the second road wheel pair. The addition of the shock absorbers was due to the increased weight of the armour and new M60A1 turret.

'''Turret'''

The main feature of the M60A1 was a new turret, which was the turret of the T95E7 medium tank prototype. The new turret had more armour protection, and it also could had more room for the crew, because of the new M140 gun mount. A fume extractor was added to the rear of the turret bustle, on the left side; this would prevent fumes and smoke from accumulating inside the vehicle when the weapons were fired. The loader and gunner received padded seats, replacing the wire mesh seats which were uncomfortable. Ammunition for the main gun was increased to 63 rounds, with 15 rounds in the turret bustle, several rounds in the turret ring, and the rest stored in the hull. The turret was equipped with a new traversing mechanism, and an AN/VSS-1(V)1 IR searchlight was fitted above the gun mantlet. It received the M19 FCS, which consisted of the M17A1 coincidence rangefinder, M10A1 ballistic drive, and the mechanical M19E1 ballistic computer for the gunner. The M60A1 tank uses the M68E1 105 mm gun. The M68E1 gun shared the same firing characteristics as the M68, but had several design improvements including an updated gun hydraulic configuration, a stabilization upgrade for the gun (but not a full stabilizer), a gun elevation kill switch for the loader, an improved ballistic drive, and other component refinements.

==== M60A1 (AOS) ====
In 1972, the M60A1 (AOS) was introduced, which gave the tank an add-on stabilization (AOS) system. It was a kit that could be applied to M60A1 tanks with very little modification to the hydraulic gun control system. The AOS allows for stabilization of the gun vertically and of the turret horizontally. This allowed the gunner to track targets and control the gun and turret while the vehicle was moving; this increased the hit-on-the-move capability significantly. Before the AOS upgrade the fire-on-the-move accuracy at 2,000 m was practically 0%, whereas with the upgrade 70% accuracy was achieved. The AOS had three modes: power-with-stabilization-on, power-with-stabilization-off, and manual. Power-with-stabilization-on was the mode which stabilized the gun, power-with-stabilization-off allowed the turret to be controlled electrically when the stabilizer was not necessary, and the manual mode allowed the crew to still traverse the turret and elevate the gun if the electrical or hydraulic systems were inoperable.

'''M60A1 (AOS)+'''

M60A1 (AOS)+ is the designation for M60A1 tanks that were equipped with the TLAC, AOS, and T142 tracks. The T142 track debuted in 1974, and it had replaceable rubber pads, improved end connectors, and had a better service life.

==== M60A1 RISE ====
The M60A1 RISE integrated the upgrades of the M60A1 (AOS)+ and TLAC, along with new features, and it first debuted in 1975. It featured the improved AVDS-1790-2C RISE diesel engine and CD-850-6 transmission. These parts were more reliable than the earlier types used. A 650 ampere oil-cooled alternator, a solid state regulator and new wiring harness with more accessible disconnectors was also incorporated into the hull's electrical system. Additionally, steel road wheels and return rollers were used, and new, armoured TLAC panels replaced the unarmoured panels. It featured an M32E1 passive sight for the gunner, an M36E1 passive periscope for the commander, and an M24E1 IR night vision block for the driver. The new optical equipment allowed for recognition at longer range and at lower light levels for the commander and gunner. In conditions with only starlight, the optics allowed for vision past 500 m with the use of an IR searchlight. The driver's M24E1 IR night vision block gave the driver second generation night vision capability.

'''M60A1 RISE+'''

The usage of the M735 APFSDS round required a cam update to the gun's mechanical ballistic drive in order to allow for accurate firing. With the update the tanks were designated as M60A1 RISE+.

'''M60A1 RISE Passive'''

The Passive upgrade for the M60A1 RISE incorporated all the features of the M60A1 RISE+, but with a number of improvements. It was equipped with Kevlar spall liners in the turret, AN/VVS-2 passive night vision block, a deep water fording kit, and brackets for the mounting of ERA armour. It received the improved AVDS-1790-2D RISE engine and CD-850-6A transmission; it was capable of using a vehicle engine exhaust smoke system. The VEESS smoke screen does not protect against infrared, thermal, or laser detection methods, but only obscures the tank visually. In 1978, a kit entered service that installed an M240C machine gun in the coaxial position, and it equipped the tank with two six-barreled M239 smoke grenade launchers (electronically fired), with one mounted on each side of the turret front. The smoke grenades masks the tank both visually and the thermal signature using a phosphor compound.

=== M60A2 Starship ===

===M60A3 Series ===
The official full name of the M60A3 was Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60A3. It was also known as the 105 mm Gun Tank M60A3.

'''Development'''

During the 1970's there was a rapid advancement in anti-tank technology, and with the failure of the M60A2 program to produce a sufficient fighting vehicle an upgrade of the M60A1 series was necessary. In 1976, a program to do just that was initiated; the intention was to increase the turret armour and to modernize and improve the technological systems in the tank. The product of the program was the M60A3 tank, a significant improvement over the M60A1 series. Despite the improvement over the earlier M60 models, the M60A3 was viewed as a stop-gap measure, as the M1 Abrams was already being developed and was planned to enter service in 1981. The M60A3 eventually replaced all US Army M60A1 and M48A5 tanks (used by the National Guard until 1987) in service. But, the Marine Corps still used the M60A1 RISE tanks until the M60 was retired from front line service in 1991.

'''Production'''

In February of 1978, the first M60A3 tanks were finished at the Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant. The low-rate initial production run was completed at the DATP in October, which consisted of 296 M60A3 tanks; the tanks were first fielded by the US Army in May of 1979. Chrysler Defense was purchased by General Dynamics Land Division in 1982. In May 1983, production of the M60A3 ended with a total of 1,052 M60A3 and M60A3 TTS tanks built. At this time, the Detroit Tank Plant closed, and production of the M1 Abrams was at the Lima Tank Plant in Ohio. Despite this, the conversion of earlier M60 tanks to the M60A3/E60B standard was still occurring, specifically for other nations through the Foreign Military Sales program. The last M60A3 tanks were delivered through the FMS in May of 1986 to Israel, with a total of 3,268 tanks converted. The tanks upgraded for Israel were surplus US Army M60A1 RISE tanks. Earlier M60 tanks were also converted to the M60A3 TTS standard for the US Army. Other nations including Italy, Austria, Greece, Morocco, and Taiwan upgraded their M60s to the M60A3 standard through FMS contracts with Raytheon and General Dynamics in the 1980's. In 1990, surplus M60A3/E60B tanks were sold to Oman, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia.

==== M60A3 Passive ====
This was the first model of the M60A3 series; it was known simply as the M60A3, but was also known as the M60A3 Passive in order to better distinguish it from the later M60A3 TTS. The M60A3 was based on the M60A1 RISE Passive tank, but with a number of upgrades for the turret - most notably changes to the armour and fire control system. The armour on the turret face was increased to 276 mm and the armour on the gun mantlet was changed to 330 mm. The M60A1 RISE Passive tanks uses a coincidence rangefinder and the mechanical M19 ballistic computer. The M60A3 received the M21 fire control system which includes an AN/VVS2 flash-lamp pumped ruby-laser rangefinder for the commander and gunner, solid-state M21E1 gun data computer, improved stabilization mechanism, improved electrical system, and an improved solid-state analog data card bus. The M10A2E3 ballistic drive is an electro-mechanical unit.The commander received an M36E1 passive periscope and the gunner received an M32E1 passive sight. The hydraulic fluid in the turret was changed to a type that was non-flammable. The M60A3 turret was mounted on the chassis of the M60A1 RISE Passive hull, with the same AVDS-1790-2D RISE engine and CD-850-6A transmission, with a Halon fire-suppression system. A total of 748 M60A3 Passive tanks were built, and all were later upgraded to the M60A3 TTS standard.

==== M60A3 TTS ====

The M60A3 TTS was an improved model of the earlier M60A3. The gunner received an AN/VSG2 Tank Thermal Sight (TTS), which was the only major improvement over the M60A3 Passive. 304 M60A3 TTS tanks were built (with production ending in 1983), 1,391 of the US Army M60A1 RISE tanks were converted to the M60A3 TTS standard by the Anniston Army Depot and Mainz Army Depot by 1990, and all 748 US Army M60A3 tanks were also upgraded to the TTS standard by 1984.

===M60AX/Super M60 ===
'''Development'''

The M60AX, commonly known as the Super M60, was an upgrade package for the M60A1 and M60A3 tanks offered by General Dynamics in 1985. It was developed as a private venture for foreign nations that already operated M60s; it was never considered for service with the US Military. The US Army decided not to develop a new power pack or suspension system for the M60, but General Dynamics formed a co-operative private venture with Teledyne Continental to do just that. Additional armour was also fitted.

'''Design'''

The M60AX was based on the M60A1 RISE hull and the T95E7 turret from the M60A1 and M60A3 series. The power pack was replaced by the AVCR-1790-1B engine and the Renk RK-304 transmission. The torsion bar suspension was replaced with the National Waterlift hydropneumatic suspension system. These upgrades increased the mobility of the tank by 20%. The protection of the vehicle was also improved with a layer of composite armour on the turret and laminate steel panels on the front of the hull. Steel side skirts were added to the sides of the tank as well, and Kevlar spall liners were added to the crew compartment. The tank kept the standard crew of 4 of the M60, with the driver in the hull and the gunner, commander, and loader in the turret.

The armament of the M60AX remained similar to that of the M60A3. The main gun was a 105 mm/L55 M68A1E2 gun; this was the same model as used on the M1 and IPM1 Abrams, which had a longer XM24 tube and a thermal sleeve when compared to the gun of the M60A3. Additionally, the coaxial 7.62 mm M73 machine gun was replaced by a 7.62 mm M240C machine gun. The commander's cupola (formerly the M19 model) was replaced with a low-profile cupola, with a pop-up hatch. A 12.7 mm M2HB machine gun was mounted on a pintle mount for operation by the vehicle commander. The fire control system (FCS) was nearly identical to that of the M60A3 TTS. It consisted of the M21E1 solid-state ballistic computer, Raytheon AN/VSG2 Tank Thermal Sight (TTS) for the gunner, a Raytheon AN/VVS2 laser rangefinder, an M10A2E3 electro-mechanical ballistic drive, and solid-state analog data card bus. No optical rangefinder was fitted to the prototype, but one could have been fitted with ease.

'''Production'''

The M60AX was one of the first private upgrade packages offered for the M60 series of tanks. Despite the largely increased capability of the M60AX when compared to standard M60 tanks, no nation bought any, and the total production remained at only 1 prototype. This may have been because there was no need at the time as the Cold War was winding down. The project was effectively over by the time the Cold War ended, as newer tanks became more widely available.

=== M60-2000/120S Main Battle Tank ===
'''Development'''

General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) began work on an upgrade of the M60 platform as a private venture in 1999. It was originally called the M60-2000, but the name was then changed to 120S, as the vehicle was more than just a simple upgrade of the M60. The 120 stood for the 120 mm gun, and the S stood for speed and survivability. A number of nations were briefed on the design in 2000, and a working prototype was built in 2001. The prototype was shown in Turkey at the IDEF Exhibition in October.

'''Design'''

The tank consisted of an M60A1 chassis with an M1A1 Abrams turret mounted on it, both parts loaned by the US Army. Originally, an upgraded M60A3 turret was considered, but the M1A1 turret was preferred. The M1A1 turret could be fitted to the M60 chassis by using an adapter ring; very few modifications to the turret were needed. The turret is that of the standard M1A1, and not the M1A1HA - so no depleted uranium was used in the composite armour. The armour package was customizable for the customer, and one of the options consisted of STANAG Level 6 armour plates being added to the hull front and sides up until the third road wheel. Slat or cage armour could be added to the turret, steel or composite side skirts could be added, and spall liner and ERA packages were also available. The prototype was fitted with mock side skirts lacking the protection of production side skirts; it was also fitted with new sponsons more similar visually to those on the Abrams. The 120S had a crew of 4, with the driver in the hull and the commander, gunner, and loader in the turret.

The suspension of the hull was changed to the same torsion bar suspension system as used on the M1 Abrams, in order to compensate for the increased weight. If the customer preferred, hydropneumatic suspension could be used instead. The powerplant used on the prototype was the same as on the M60A1, the Continental V-12 750 hp (560 kW) air-cooled AVDS-1790-2 diesel engine with a CD-850-6 cross drive transmission, with a range of 275 miles. It was planned that the production vehicles would use the more powerful General Dynamics Land Systems AVDS-1790-9 diesel engine (1,200 hp) and Allison X-1100-5 series automatic giving a range of over 300 miles. Other powerplants were offered as well, and the road wheels and drive sprocket could be changed the type used on the M1 Abrams, and the T158 lightweight track from the Abrams was also offered.

The armament of the 120S consisted of the 120 mm M256 gun with a thermal sleeve; this was the exact same as on the M1A1 Abrams. 36 rounds were carried in the turret bustle rack with blowout panels for increased survivability. It was planned that there would be additional ammunition stowage in the floor of the hull for production models. The secondary armament consisted of a coaxial 7.62 mm M240C machine gun, a 7.62 mm machine gun mounted on the loader's hatch, and a 12.7 mm M2HB machine gun mounted on the commander's hatch. Two M250 smoke grenade launchers are carried, one on each side of the turret. Each launcher has six barrels for smoke grenades. Not only do the smoke grenades visually conceal the tank, but they also conceal the thermal signature of the vehicle. The tank is also capable of using a vehicle engine exhaust smoke system , which creates smoke by spraying oil on the engine. The tank was equipped with a 240X4 Forward Looking Infrared Radar (FLIR), day/FLIR stabilized sight with an eye-safe laser range-finder, a thermal imaging system, and an onboard digital fire control computer and data bus similar to the M1 Abrams Mark 1 Advanced Fire Control System.

'''Production'''

The 120S was mainly marketed to Turkey in order to fill their M60 upgrade requirements, but that contract was won by Israel Military Industries with the Sabra III upgrade. The Egyptian Army considered the 120S upgrade, but decided to license-build M1 Abrams tanks instead. In total, only one prototype was completed, and the 120S never entered production. The prototype was disassembled and both parts were returned to the US Army in 2003. The 120S is no longer being marketed by General Dynamics.

=== M60A3 SLEP ===
In May 2016, Raytheon offered the M60A3 Service Life Extension Program (SLEP). The SLEP was designed for export to current M60 operating nations, in order to allow for an upgrade of the M60s used by those nations as a cheaper alternative to buying a fleet of newer tanks. The SLEP is a multiple of modular upgrades to the M60 that cover mobility, armour, and firepower. The modularity of the components allow customization for the needs of each country.

The main armament was upgraded to the 120 mm M256 L/44 gun, the same gun as used by the M1A1 Abrams. A fire rate of 6 to 10 rounds per minute with the load assist system. The Integrated Fire Control System (IFCS) was added. The IFCS consisted of a laser rangefinder, second generation night sight for the gunner, digital ballistic computer, cant sensors, electrical superelevation resolver, and MIL-STD 1553 data bus. Additionally, the Curtis-Wright Gun Turret Drive was added, and the M19 commander's cupola was replaced with the Hitrole remote controlled weapon system, which allowed the commander to view the surrounding are from inside the tank, via the .50 cal M2HB machine gun. The engine was replaced with a 950 hp AVCR-1790-2C engine, and the suspension was improved. An Automatic Fire and Explosion Sensing and Suppressing system (AFSS) was added. Slat armour was added to the turret bustle, to protect against RPG and ATGM attacks, and armour plates rated at STANAG 4569 Level 6 protection were added to the front of the vehicle. The finished vehicle weighed about 63 tons.

=== Leonardo M60A3 ===
The Leonardo M60A3 was unveiled in October 2017 by Leonardo DRS at the Bahrain International Defense Exhibition and Conference (BIDEC). It is intended as an alternative to the M60A3 SLEP upgrade program in order to allow nations using the M60 to bring their tanks up to more modern standards.

The upgrade consists of thorough modernization throughout the different parts of the tank. The 120/54 gun from the Centauro II/MGS is used instead of the 120 mm L/44 gun, in order to reduce the weight by 500 kg. The M19 commander's cupola was replaced with an armoured circular cupola protected with slat armour; the new cupola has a much lower profile than the M19 model, and it also weighs less. A HITROLE-L 12.7 mm remote weapons station has been added to the loader's side of the turret roof. The turret was upgraded with a new hydraulic and servo control system, which improves the reliability and performance of the turret. The tank comes equipped with the LOTHAR gun sight, DNVS-4 Driver's Night Vision Sight and TURMS digital fire control system. A daytime thermal camera and an eye-safe laser rangefinder are equipped.

The armour of the tank has also been substantially upgraded. Passive armour protection claimed to meet STANAG Level 6 protection standards has been added to the turret and hull. The armour is focused on the front of the turret in order to protect against chemical rounds, and it is also applied to the front of the hull and the hull sides until the third road wheel. Slat armour was added to the back of the turret, in order to protect against RPG attacks. If the client requests, IED jamming systems and a laser warning receiver can be fitted.

The powerplant can either be refurbished or replaced with an improved version. The improved powerplant consists of the AVDS-1790-5T 908 hp engine (replacing the old 750 hp engine) and the CD-850-B1 transmission. The tank is fitted with the Automatic Fire and Explosion Sensing and Suppression System (AFSS). Additionally, the torsion bar suspension, brakes, fuel supply, electric system, wheels, seals, paint, and smoke grenades were all changed and improved.

=== M60T Sabra ===
The Turkish M60T main battle tank (MBT) stems from the Israeli Sabra Mk I tank, a heavily upgraded [[Magach 7C|Magach 7]], which itself came from the American M60A3 tank.

'''Development'''

After the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US released surplus M60 tanks for the export market. Turkey purchased 274 M60A1 and 658 M60A3 tanks starting in 1993. In the early 2000s, it was decided by Turkey that new tanks must be purchased, their Leopard 1 tanks must be upgraded, and their M60s must be upgraded. There were two options for the upgrade of the M60s: the General Dynamics 120S and the Israeli Military Industries Sabra. In 2002, a contract was signed between IMI and Turkey for purchase of the Sabra. The Sabra Mk I tank was too expensive, so a new version called the Sabra Mk II was procured instead and designated by Turkey as the M60T.

'''Design'''

The M60T features extensive armour additions at the front of the turret, giving it a wedge shape. The frontal hull armour was also improved with additional armour layers. Slat armour was added to the rear of the turret, the ammunition storage was improved, a fire suppression system was added, an IR and laser warning system was added, and new smoke grenade launchers were fitted. An NBC protection system is fitted as standard.

An active protection system was offered, but the Turks decided not to include it. In addition to the main changes listed above, the commander received a panoramic sight, extra roof protection was fitted, and a new navigation system was added. Explosive reactive armour (ERA) is able to be fitted. Notably, the M60T retains the M19 commander's cupola from the M60 series.

Due to all the additions, the M60T weighs up to 59 tons. As such, a more powerful MTU MT-881 KA-501 diesel engine is fitted, producing 1,000 horsepower. A Renk 304S transmission is fitted, and the maximum speed is 55 km/h. The suspension and tracks were also improved for a smoother ride and ease of maintenance.

The M60T is armed with the M253 120 mm smoothbore gun, controlled by an Elbit Knight III fire control system (FCS). A thermal sight is provided for the gunner along with a laser rangefinder. The turret traverse was changed from a hydraulic type to an electrical one. The crew's electronics and displays were modernized, but a battle management system was turned down by the Turks.

'''Production and Service'''

170 M60T tanks were delivered to Turkey from 2006 to 2010. M60T tanks were deployed to Syria, and that is their only known combat deployment. During the operations in Syria, several M60Ts were hit by Russian-built Kornet anti-tank missiles, which penetrated the armour and knocked out the tanks. There is a debate as to whether the losses were due to tactics or to obsolescence. It is unlikely that another nation will choose to procure the Sabra tank, due to its disappointing combat record and its obsolescence on the modern battlefield.

=== Zulfiqar 1/2/3 MBT ===
The Iranian Zulfiqar main battle tanks (MBT) family were originated from a modified M48/60 hull. The latter variant of the Zulfiqar can be considered an entirely different design, as it only shared reverse-engineered copy of M60 parts and components.

'''Development'''

Prior to the Iranian Revolution (or the Islamic Revolution) in 1979, the Imperial Iran was a major non-NATO ally of the United States, as the Shahist regime and the US sought to counter the influence of the Soviet Union to the north of the country. Because of this, the US (and other western allies) exported a large number of modern military hardware to Iran, with some (such as the [[F-14A Early|F-14A]]) transferred even before their home country had adopted them for their own service. Among them were 460 M60A1 tanks being sent along with numbers of surplus M48A5 and M47M Patton tanks.

After the Iranian Revolution, the new Islamic Republic regime took a staunch anti-Western stance, which led to a fallout of diplomatic relations between the US and Iran, resulting in economic and military sanctions that prevented Iran from freely acquiring western military hardware. By the end of the Iran-Iraq war in 1988, Iran had lost large numbers of American MBTs to the better-equipped Ba'athist Iraqi forces fielding large numbers of Soviet T-72M tanks, though not without capturing huge quantities of Iraqi hardware during the defensive phase of the war. Based on the experience of operating the captured T-72s, Iran contracted Russia (which had only broken off from the USSR a few months prior) in 1992 for a licensed production of the T-72 tanks in Iran. The deal was made between both countries and Iran started producing their own T-72 tanks, designated T-72S.

A year after gaining the T-72S license and developed a sizeable military industry, the Research and Self-Sufficiency Jihad Organization of Islamic Republic of Iran Ground Force, the weapon research institute of the Iranian Army, started the project for the first Iranian-designed MBT in order to fulfil the "self-sufficiency" needs of the Iranian Army. The tank, which was based on the hull of the M48/60 MBT, was named the "Zulfiqar" after the two-pronged sword of Ali, the fourth Caliph of Islam and the first Shiite Imam. The Zulfiqar (later known as Zulfiqar 1) entered production in 1997.

Around the 2000s, the Zulfiqar 2, an extended version of the Zulfiqar 1 was unveiled and used as an interim, more modern design of the tank. In 2013, the Zulfiqar 3, currently the latest iteration of the Zulfiqar with a completely new design, was revealed.

'''Design'''

The Zulfiqar 1 (or 1A) tank uses a lowered, widened chassis of the M48/60. The tank is outfitted with a boxy-shaped turret housing the 125 mm 2A46 smoothbore cannon, derived from Iranian T-72S, as the main armament. The turret is said to feature an Iranian-designed composite armour, though the hull is not outfitted with any NERA elements. The tank is outfitted with a 780 hp engine, giving a top speed of 70 km/h. A modernization of the Zulfiqar 1 (designated 1B) features a slightly angled turret cheeks for more optimal protection and improved electrical components.

The early Zulfiqar 2, designated 2C, features a drastic redesign for the hull and turret. The transmissions now sports seven roadwheels rather than six of the Zulfiqar 1/M60, while the hull was enlarged to accommodate composite armour. The turret is also enlarged to fit them with autoloaders, electro-optical device, and more composite armour, giving a striking resemblance with the American M1 Abrams MBT. In the later Zulfiqar 2 variants, designated 2D, the hull was further reshaped to accommodate more protection.

The Zulfiqar 3 (or 3E) is the latest iteration of the Zulfiqar series. The tank's hull were completely redesigned from the Zulfiqar 2 and built from ground-up, with only the suspension components shared from the M60 giving the clue of the original design of the tank. The Zulfiqar 3's turret even more closely resembles the M1 Abrams in appearance, though can be easily distinguished by a large cupola sporting an improved FCS.

'''Production and Service'''

The exact numbers of Zulfiqar tanks in service are unknown, as multiple analysis often varied in whether to count the Zulfiqar as an M60 variant or an entirely different tank series. Based on most estimates, around 100 Zulfiqar 1, a few numbers of Zulfiqar 2, and 150 Zulfiqar 3 were produced.

== Variants ==

=== American Variants ===

* XM60
* M60
* M60E1
* M60A1
** M60A1 (AOS)
*** M60A1 (AOS)+
** M60A1 RISE
*** M60A1 RISE+
*** M60A1 RISE Passive

* XM66
* M60A1E1
* M60A1E2
* M60A1E3
* M60A1E4
* M60A2
* M60A3
** M60A3 TTS
* QM60

==== Specialized ====

* M60 AVLB
** M60A1 AVLB
** M60 AVLM
** M60A1 AVLM

* XM1060 ROBAT
* M60 Panther MDCV
* M88 Recovery Vehicle
** M88A1
** M88A2 Hercules
* M728 CEV
** M728A1
* M9 Bulldozer Kit

==== Export ====

* '''E60 Series:''' M60s that were to be exported to foreign nations were designated as E60s by the US Foreign Military Sales (FMS). They were modified to requests by nations that were approved to receive them. These were mostly minor modifications, such as the removal of the M19 commander's cupola, changing of machine gun models, changing of electronic systems, changing of radios or fire-control systems, different engines, or additional armour plates.
** '''E60:''' Modified M60.
** '''E60A:''' Modified M60A1.
** '''E60B:''' Modified M60A3.

'''Note:''' The M60A2 Starship was never approved for export to foreign nations.

=== International ===
'''Egyptian Variants'''

* Ramses II

'''Iranian Variants'''

* Zulfiqar 1
* Zulfiqar 2
* Zulfiqar 3
* Samsam

'''Israeli Variants'''

* Magach 6
* Magach 7
* Pereh/Onager
* M60 Tagash AVLB

'''Jordanian Variants'''

* M60 Phoenix

'''Taiwanese Variants'''

* M60A3 Chariot
* M48H/CM-11 Brave Tiger

'''Turkish Variants'''

* M60T Sabra Mk I
* M60T Sabra Mk II
* M60T Sabra MK III
** FIRAT-M60T/M60TM

'''Spanish Variants'''

* M60 VLPD 26/70E
* M60CZ-10/25E Alacran

==== Commercial Upgrades ====

* M60AX/Super M60
* M60-2000/120S
* M60A3 SLEP
* Leonardo M60A3

== Operators ==

=== Current Operators ===

* Afghanistan
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bahrain
* Brazil
* Egypt
* Iran
* Israel
* Jordan
* Lebanon
* Morocco
* Oman
* Saudi Arabia
* Spain
* Sudan
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Tunisia
* Turkey
* United States
* Yemen

=== Former Operators ===

* Argentina
* Austria
* Ethiopia
* Greece
* Iraq
* Italy
* Portugal

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|RkzTeKDqmnw|'''Long-serving tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 00:57 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|z0uJNBq7p2w|'''The Shooting Range #261''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:13 discusses the M60.|KUSnuNXASxE|'''Most produced tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:45 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|zoBPU0n65_A|'''The M60 family''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

[[Category:Family pages]]

User:U73853576

2022-01-07T23:20:48Z

U73853576: /* i want m60t sabra in game */

=== i want m60t sabra in game ===

for USA M60 line of course, [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/506818-m60t-aka-sabra-mk-ii/ https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/506818-m60t-aka-sabra-mk-ii]

TAM 2IP

2022-01-07T23:18:50Z

U73853576: /* See also */ ""Fun fact: There is a tank named M60T which has same turret design, also sharing same designer."" i added this. please approve this.

{{About
| about = German light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = TAM (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_thyssen_henschel_tam_2ip
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} German light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]]. Sitting between the [[TAM]] and [[TAM 2C]] in terms of performance, this tank is essentially an earlier TAM model with access to more modern ammunition and add-on armour for increased protection.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Base armour of TAM 2IP is very thin, just an 11 mm plate angled at 74° on the upper frontal glacis, and 15 mm of armour on the sides. Turret is not something to boast about either - the strongest plate being a gun mantlet with a 30 mm plate and sides being 25 mm thin.

On the bright side, the 2IP version is fitted with Iron Wall add-on composite armour. This variable thickness armour package dramatically increases effectiveness of armour against chemical munitions, but does little to protect against kinetic penetrators.

'''Front'''

Most noticeable increase in protection is on the upper plate of the hull - even newer HEAT rounds and older ATGMs may struggle to penetrate the hull armour. Sadly, add-on protection on the turret is not enough to defeat those same munitions. Frontal arc protection against autocannons is mostly great, but occasional lucky shots can penetrate the turret ring.

Players also must be aware of the giant weak spot that is the driver's area - it is only 11mm plate angled at 74° and it is not protected by add-on armour, allowing vehicles like [[Dardo]] to get through.

'''Sides'''

While TAM 2IP is now resistant to 12.7mm rounds on the hull side, overall side protection remains poor, as it can still get easily penetrated by anything larger than 12.7mm.

'''Crew'''

When looking at TAM 2IP from the front, one can see that on the left side, the commander sits directly behind the gunner, while the loader sits almost directly behind the driver on the right side.

Both gunner and commander are protected by the transmission and the engine ([[Merkava (Family)|similar to Merkava tanks]]); while that won't protect them from most kinetic munitions, it can negate shrapnel from older chemical and HESH rounds that manages to get through add-on armour.

The driver is very vulnerable as he sits behind an 11mm thin plate angled at 74°, with a first-stage ammo rack and loader directly behind him. Driver's area is not protected by add-on armour either.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Add-on composite armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 11 mm (77°) ''Upper glacis - Engine access panel'' 32 mm (77°) ''Upper glacis - Sides'' 32 mm (29°) ''Lower glacis - Top'' 32 mm (60°) ''Lower glacis - Bottom'' || 15 mm (30°) ''Top'' 15 mm ''Bottom'' || 11 mm (23°) ''Upper plate'' 11 mm (27°) ''Lower plate''
| 11-32 mm (13°) ''Front glacis'' 11 mm ''Crew compartment'' 5 mm ''Radiator vents''
|-
| Turret || 50 mm (5-35°) ''Turret front'' 30 mm + 30 mm (51-63°) ''Mantlet Front'' 25 mm (7-10°) ''Mantlet Sides'' 20 mm (79°) ''Roof glacis'' 30 mm (cylindrical) ''Gunner periscope'' || 25 mm (24-27°) ''Crew Compartment'' 15 mm (27°) ''Bustle'' 25 mm ''Cupola well'' || 15 mm (22°) 11 mm (79°) ''Turret underside'' || 20 (11°) ''Roof glacis'' 11 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" | 35 mm (cylindrical) || 35 mm ''Outer ring'' 11 mm ''Centre''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick
* Side skirts are 4 mm thick
* Air intake on the right side is 5 mm thick

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Composite armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides
|-
| Hull ||'''Upper glacis''' ~90 mm ''Kinetic'' ~520 mm ''Chemical'' ||'''Upper side''' ~45 mm ''Kinetic'' ~295 mm ''Chemical''
|-
| Turret ||'''Turret face''' ~70-140 mm ''Kinetic'' ~70-340 mm ''Chemical'' ||'''Turret side''' ~50 mm ''Kinetic'' ~260 mm ''Chemical''
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

Even with additional protection, TAM 2IP suffers no decrease to its mobility when compared to its tech tree counterpart; thus is more mobile and agile than its main competitor, Leopard A1A1. This mobility allows TAM 2IP to perform many different roles, be it flanking, scouting, rushing favourable positions or relocating.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1116|rbMinHp=637}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

As a premium vehicle, TAM 2IP comes with all modifications unlocked.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|FMK.4 Modelo 1L (105 mm)}}

Main armament consists of the 105 mm FMK.4 Modelo 1L cannon; a fully stabilised gun that is standard to the TAM family. Unlike TAM however, it has access to DM33, a very potent round at its BR. TAM 2IP also comes equipped with a laser rangefinder - this gadget allows it to quickly acquire a target's distance, thus allowing long range shots immensely fast.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FMK.4 Modelo 1L (105 mm)|105 mm FMK.4 Modelo 1L]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 32.4 || 44.8 || 54.4 || 60.2 || 64.0 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.2 || 23.8 || 28.9 || 32.0 || 34.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''DM12 HEATFS''' - HEAT round does not lose penetration with distance travelled. Unlike kinetic penetrators, it has one downside: given that it is a chemical round, its fuse is highly sensitive. With the emergence of composite and reactive armour, it quickly became obsolete in the anti-tank role. Requires careful aiming to properly damage newer tanks, though it can hold its own while fighting older tanks, lighter vehicles and low-flying helicopters.
* '''DM502 HESH''' - This round was always plagued by a plethora of problems: low velocity, low penetration, inconsistent mechanics and sensitive fuse make this round gimmicky at best. That being said, with the overpressure mechanic, this round can be used in CQB against light vehicles with devastating effect.
* '''DM23 APFSDS''' - This round allows the player to engage modern tanks more reliably, since it performs better against composite and reactive armour. While penetration is sufficient relative to TAM 2IP's BR, there is simply no use for this round as its direct upgrade is available from the get go.
* '''DM33 APFSDS''' - Best round available to the TAM 2IP and third best NATO round available for 105 mm cannons. It allows the player to engage '''any''' enemies at the TAM 2IP's BR at any range reliably. Even higher BR vehicles are not safe. Player should be of note that this round can easily over penetrate light vehicles such as BMP-2 or SPAAGs, so aiming at vital components is preferred in order to create shrapnel necessary to destroy them.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
| DM33 || APFSDS || 408 || 405 || 398 || 389 || 379 || 370
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.1 || 4 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DM33 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 41 ''(+9)'' || 30 ''(+20)'' || 21 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Racks 3 and 4 are first stage ammunition racks (29 shells total), meaning they will deplete first but will replenish from the other racks (rack 4 then 3), starting with rack 1 and then rack 2.
* The depletion order at full capacity is: 3 - 4 - 1 - 2.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

The small calibre of the FN MAG 60-40 machine guns make them largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. They still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

TAM 2IP essentially plays as its tech tree counterpart. While it can still perform well as a regular main battle tank, using it this way would be just wasting its potential. It's a fast, potent flanker, but with the addition of a powerful DM33 round, TAM 2IP is also a potent sniper.

'''Sniping:'''

Players should abuse TAM 2IPs mobility to reach advantageous positions and start picking off players. DM33 highly effective (only [[T-62M-1]] providing better performance) and coupled with laser range finder, TAM 2IP can snipe really well. While it can't fight as well in hull down positions as Leopard A1A1 due to slightly worse gun depression, it can still make great use of cover, as it negates its biggest weakness - armour.

'''Flanking:'''

Due to TAM 2IPs excellent mobility, stabilised gun and powerful round, TAM 2IP is a potent flanker. Add-on armour allows it to shrug off most autocannon fire from IFVs, as those will be common flankers at this BR. Coupled with scouting ability, TAM 2IP employing hit and run tactics on flanks can become enemy teams worst nightmare.

'''CQB:'''

While the TAM 2IP performs great at longer ranges, its performance is below average on CQC maps with corridors and streets that do not allow it to exploit its mobility, like those found on Advance to Rhine. Better armoured tanks in general outperform TAM 2IP by wide margin in these environments. Players should focus on ambushing enemy tanks. TAM 2IP turret placement on the back of the tank and acceleration can be exploited in this scenario well - by reversing out of cover, your engine is still protected while you expose only a small part of your tank. Another viable option is to support their allies. Let them take a shot, and as soon as you see the enemy tank return fire, lunge forward and send the enemy back to the garage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* DM33 APFSDS is more than competitive at this BR
* Same mobility as regular TAM, despite add-on armour
* Wide selection of ammunition

'''Cons:'''

* Despite add-on armour, protection remains somewhat poor
* No thermals
* Lacks smoke shell, limiting its tactical potential

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_thyssen_henschel_tam_2ip Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Leopard 1 (Family)]]
* [[MARS 15]]

Fun fact: There is a tank named [[M60 (Family)#M60T Sabra|M60T]] which has same turret design, also sharing same designer.

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Thyssen-Henschel}}
{{Germany light tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

Imperatritsa Mariya

2021-10-10T16:31:47Z

U73853576: turkish ->ottoman turkey was not there before 1920, also please change BR of that, cannot do that

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_battleship_imperatritsa_mariya
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet battleship {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Imperatritsa Mariya, the lead ship of her class, is one of the two Soviet dreadnought battleships, along with her sister ship Poltava. The Imperatritsa Mariya class is the successor to the Gangut class, which was the first class of dreadnoughts built by the Russian Empire.

The aesthetics of the ship are strange, with little to no superstructure on the deck and the unusual mooring boom on the bow, however in terms of effectiveness, the ship certainly has it where it counts. The Mariya is a classical example of a dreadnought, featuring heavy armour and high survivability. With a comprehensive armour scheme including a 262 mm main armour belt, as well as nearly 1300 crew, the ship is all but invulnerable to most cruisers at anything other than close range and is fairly capable of protecting against battleship calibre shells at long and medium ranges, especially if angled. The main turrets of the ship are also well protected, with 250 mm turret faces and barbettes, and should be lost very rarely

That being said, the ships magazines have a habit of detonating easily if you're on fire for extended periods of time.

Although the side protection of the ship is excellent, the magazines are vulnerable to shells fired from directly forwards or to the rear of the ship, due to thin bulkheads.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Being an over 23,000 t ship powered by inefficient coal fired steam turbines, the Mariya has overall very poor speed, acceleration/deceleration, and manoeuvrability, compared to even the heaviest of cruisers, although it's about on par with other dreadnought battleships. Don't expect to be able to cover any decent distance in a reasonable amount of time and good luck trying to dodge any torpedoes.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|12-inch/52 pattern 1907 (305 mm)}}

Put simply, the 305 mm main guns on this ship are exceptionally strong and are capable of forcing the might of Imperial Russia over any other vessel you might encounter.

You have a total of 12 cannons, placed in 4 triple turrets and arranged on the centreline of the ship. This is an important point as many other dreadnoughts (British and German in particular) have around the the same number of cannons, but arranged with some turrets on either side of the ship, making it impossible or at least difficult to fire all the main guns at a single target, reducing their actual firepower by a fair amount. Because the Mariya has all her main turrets on the centreline, this isn't a problem, and you can unleash all 12 cannons at once.

The Mariya also carries a maximum of 1,200 shells, more than any other dreadnought, which gives you 100 full salvoes worth of ammunition.

Whilst the cannons themselves have a relatively low muzzle velocity (762 m/s) with average dispersion and reload time, the high quality shells you have access to gives you a decisive advantage over many other dreadnoughts you'll face.

'''HE'''

The HE shells which you start off with have just over 47 kg of TNT equivalent, which is above average and is the second best HE shell in the game, capable of wrecking even the most heavily armoured cruisers. However, it is fairly ineffective at dealing direct damage against most battleships due to the weak armour penetration. Still handy for taking on lighter vessels though.

'''AP'''

The armour-piercing shells are, overall, above average. They have a sizeable level of filler, at 12.96 kg of TNT equivalent, which is roughly equal to or better than most shells of other nations. At 520 mm of initial penetration, they're among the top AP shells in the game. Not only that, but they maintain good levels of penetration at long distances, with 341 mm at 10 km, second only to the [[Admiral Graf Spee]]'s super AP shells (365 mm at 10 km).

'''SAP'''

The SAP on the Mariya really takes the cake. It is one of the most devastating shells in the entire game, with a whopping 55.2 kg of explosive filler, which for reference is more than double the filler on the Graf Spee's '''''HE shell''''', and is over 17 kg more than the [[IJN Ikoma]]/[[IJN Settsu|Settsu]]'s '''''HE shell''''', in a semi-armour-piercing shell with 390 mm of penetration at 1 km. Capable of tearing apart cruisers and dreadnoughts alike, this shell should definitely be one of the first things you aim for after unlocking this ship.

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|130 mm/50 pattern 1913 (130 mm)}}

The Mariya has 20 x 130 mm cannons, 10 on each side of the ship. They're nothing to write home about. Being early 1900s destroyer calibre guns, the shells don't have much explosive filler and aren't too effective on their own, however you do have a truckload of them. They can be useful in taking out small boats and for providing fire at closer ranges while waiting for the main guns to reload.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|75 mm/50 Canet patt.1892 (75 mm)}}

The 75 mm AA guns are not very effective. With only 4 slow-firing guns and weak timed-fuse HE shells, it is recommended to instead stick close to friendly cruisers that can provide much more comprehensive AA cover.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Pattern 1912 (450 mm)}}

''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Heavy firepower, augmented by torpedoes
* Heavily armoured against most threats

'''Cons:'''

* Poor mobility, huge profile
* Poor anti-air defence
* Secondary guns are located on between-deck mounts, cannot be fully traversed to meet threats on both sides

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/6941-development-imperatritsa-mariya-the-empress-of-the-black-sea-en|Devblog]] ===
The first battleships of the "dreadnought" type in the Russian Empire entered service with the Baltic Fleet, they were battleships of the Sevastopol type, laid down back in 1909. The proximity of a world war and information about the serious strengthening of the Ottoman fleet forced the Tsarist government to start building three battleships similar to the ones in the Baltic for the Black Sea Fleet. The general architecture, key technical units, three-gun turrets were borrowed from the battleships "Sevastopol". Three battleships for the Black Sea Fleet were laid down in 1911, all new ships were named after the Russian monarchs. Tests of the battleship Imperatritsa Mariya (Russian for "Empress Mariya") ended in 1915, the ship was immediately put into service and began to perform combat missions.

With the advent of Russian dreadnoughts, the situation on the Black Sea changed dramatically in favor of the Russian Empire. Imperatritsa Mariya provided support to the 2nd brigade of battleships near the Ottoman coastline in the fall of 1915, at the end of winter it took part in the Trebizond landing operation, and in the summer of 1916 became the flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.On October 20th, a powder storage detonated and a fire occurred on the ship, the subsequent series of explosions caused the destruction of the battleship. More than 200 sailors perished, the ship sank near Sevastopol. With great effort in 1918 the ship was lifted and transferred to dry dock, but restoration work was never completed due to the social and political crisis in post-war Russia. In 1927, the battleship Imperatritsa Mariya was dismantled for its metal.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=ship&vehicleClass=battleship&vehicle=ussr_battleship_imperatritsa_mariya Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Imperatritsa Mariya Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:Imperatritsa Mariya WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Imperatritsa Mariya WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Imperatritsa Mariya WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Imperatritsa Mariya WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Imperatritsa Mariya WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Imperatritsa Mariya WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:Imperatritsa Mariya WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|kFnJmgfkwwE|'''Absolute Alpha Annihilation - {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6941-development-imperatritsa-mariya-the-empress-of-the-black-sea-en|[Devblog] Imperatritsa Mariya: the Empress of the Black Sea]]

{{USSR battleships}}

M4A3E2

2021-09-18T21:25:14Z

U73853576: /* Pros and cons */ russian->soviet... there is no russian kv1, it is soviet

{{About
| about = American heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other M4 Shermans
| link-1 = M4 Sherman (Family)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = M4 (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. It is built off a standard M4A3 chassis, with a T23 turret with a 75 mm gun, and up-armoured on nearly all sides. This gives the M4A3E2 boasts nearly 100 mm of frontal armour sloped at 47°, giving it a massive armour upgrade from the regular M4 Shermans. As a side note, the nickname "Jumbo" was likely never used during WWII, as there is no record of it. However, its use both on the Wiki and in-game is still prevalent.

The M4A3E2 looks like a normal Sherman medium tank, but it is still a very heavy tank and is used as a breakthrough tank to attack fortified enemy positions. It is certainly not a medium tank like normal Shermans. It is a great tank when fighting Tigers as the 88 mm cannons cannot penetrate the armour of the M4A3E2 from its sides when angled efficiently. As such it allows players to get close to Tigers and attack them from the sides, or force them to retreat. When fighting Panthers the M4A3E2 is less effective as the 75 mm cannon on the Panther can penetrate the armour of the Jumbo Sherman from the front even when angled more than 30 degrees at 500 meters. Only at close range can high-velocity guns, such as Soviet 85 mm or German 88 mm guns, penetrate the frontal glacis. However, larger calibres, such as the Soviet 122 mm gun, will slice right through the armour.

It takes on the general look of an [[M4A2]] but is much more armoured (and also uses a Ford gasoline engine). The M4A3E2 features the double layered front armour giving the vehicle its distinctive 101.6 mm total front armour, giving its boast of being better armoured than the [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]]. The transmission housing is also considerably beefier too from the addition of armour at the area as well. The front of the T23-style turret is also distinctive with the very blocky gun mantlet and circular barrel shroud around the rather underwhelming 75 mm gun barrel.

The sides and suspension look like the usual game with the M4 Sherman series, but with minor differences. The flat side armour of the hull, instead of 38.1 mm thick, is now 76.2 mm thick for much stronger side protection. However, the lower side hull around the bogie suspension area is still only 38.1 mm thick, vulnerable to most regular anti-tank weapons. Another minor difference is the tracks, the T48 rubber chevron tracks are equipped with extended end connectors in an effort to improve ground pressure performance for the additional weight of the armour.

However, the rear does not have any extra armour and is much thinner. The roof of the tank is very thinly armoured as well, only having 19.5 mm on the hull and 25.4 mm on the turret, so beware as artillery barrages tend to set engine compartment modules on fire.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret roof, cupola roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (turret, cupola, gun mantlet, transmission housing, MG port)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 63.5 + 38.1 mm (47°) ''Front glacis'' 25.4 + 34 mm ''MG port'' 114.3-139.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Transmission housing'' || 76.2 mm ''Top'' 38.1 mm ''Bottom'' || 38.1 mm (10°) ''Upper plate'' 38.1 mm (7°) ''Lower plate'' 38.1 mm (24°) ''Lower glacis'' || 63.5 + 38.1 mm (42°) ''Front glacis'' 19.5 mm ''Centre'' 19.5 mm (8°) ''Rear - Centre'' 19.5 mm (24°) ''Rear - Sides''
|-
| Turret || 152.4 mm (0-52°) ''Turret front'' 177.8 mm (4-60°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 152.4 mm (4-42°) || 152.4 mm (0-79°) || 63.5 mm (28°) ''Front'' 25.4 mm ''Centre''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 51 mm (conical) || 51 mm ''Outer ring'' 25.4 mm ''Centre''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, while bogies are 10 mm thick and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 25.4 mm thick.
* Hull underside right above the tracks are 9.5 mm thick.

The M4A3E2 presents very little frontal weak spots in an engagement. It is best to try and force the Jumbo to try and angle his vehicle towards the player or his allies. An angle more than 30 degrees can expose the much weaker lower side hull armour in the suspension that is only 38.1 mm thick. With a powerful enough gun, a round can penetrate this area and damage the crew, or even set off the ammunition all cluttered up on the bottom of the tank.

If a frontal engagement is unavoidable and is unfortunately armed with guns unable to penetrate through the front glacis, there are only two areas that are viable. First is the machine gun port, which is one of the areas that is not layered with the extra 38.1 mm added on top of the base armour. Guns like the Panzer IV 75 mm KwK 40 guns that are unable to cleave through the front glacis can push their luck in this area, with small "sweet spots" that the round can pass through. Another way to attack the M4A3E2 in this scenario is exploiting a shot-trap in the gun mantlet. The small corner flaps on the bottom corners of the gun mantlet have a tendency to deflect rounds downwards onto the 19.5 mm hull roof armour. While this will be left to the ricochet chances, it is still possible and can be used if no other scenarios are favourable.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=646|rbMinHp=442|AoAweight=|abMaxHp=795}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

In Tier I, ''Parts'' should, of course, be the prioritized module for field repairs. This will unlock Tier II modifications and grant access to the very vital ''FPE'' and ''M61 shot'', the former for preservation against fires and the latter to improve damage in the battlefield.

Then in Tier III, ''Crew Replenishment'' should be obtained for crew survival improvement and the APCR ''T45 shot'' for improved armour-piercing power. After that, everything else could be done at one's own priorities, but ''Engine'' should be invested for better automotive performances and ''M89'' for the smoke capabilities.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M3 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm M3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 104 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Vertical|up to 24 km/h}} || 19.4 || 26.9 || 32.6 || 36.1 || 38.4 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* M72 shot - {{Annotation|AP|Armour-Piercing}} - Solid shot, stock shell. An armour-piercing shell with acceptable penetration but poor post-penetration damage.
* M48 shell - {{Annotation|HE|High-Explosive fragmentation shell}} - A low-velocity shell useful against soft targets, in particular when hitting an open-topped vehicle. Harmless against any enclosed vehicle with more than 10 mm of armour.
* M61 shot - {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-Piercing Capped Ballistic Capped}} - A capped armour-piercing shell with a better penetration than the M72 thanks to its ballistic cap and a good post-penetration damage thanks to its explosive filler.
* T45 shot - {{Annotation|APCR|Armour-Piercing Composite Round}} - Subcalibre round with high penetration but only on flat surfaces, with a high muzzle velocity but a poor post-penetration damage potential.
* M89 - Smoke shell - A very low-velocity shell deploying a smoke screen on impact, useful to blind enemy vehicles that are too remote for you to disable so that you can progress towards objectives.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 91 || 88 || 78 || 67 || 57 || 49
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| M61 shot || APCBC || 104 || 101 || 90 || 78 || 68 || 59
|-
| T45 shot || APCR || 139 || 135 || 121 || 105 || 91 || 79
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 619 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 463 || 6.3 || 0 || 0.1 || 666 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M61 shot || APCBC || 618 || 6.79 || 1.2 || 14 || 63.7 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T45 shot || APCR || 868 || 3.81 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M89 || 259 || 3 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''104''' || 100 ''(+4)'' || 50 ''(+54)'' || 0 ''(+104)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* As they are modeled by sets of 2, shells disappear from the rack only after you fire both shells in the set.
* Turret empty: 100 ''(+4)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 577 || -10°/+30° || ±60°
|-
|}
The roof-mounted M2HB .50 cal heavy machine gun is very good at knocking out tracks, punching through lightly armoured vehicles and shooting down low-flying aircraft. Use it sparsely because of its low ammo count.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
The small calibre of the M1919A4 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==


The M4A3E2 is best in assaulting enemy positions with allies. Its great mobility for a heavy tank, especially with its armour, makes it a vehicle able to charge into battle and take anything head-on with confidence. It can act as a bullet magnet against enemy tanks more worried about the M4A3E2, diverting fire that would've gone to more vulnerable teammates. Though the 75mm gun's AP performance is not suited to the type of enemies expected at the BR, it can still harass enemies and the gun is lethal enough that enemies will be forced to show their front armour towards the Jumbo else a 75 mm penetrates their side armour. Their focus on the Jumbo can allow allies to move around and eliminate them. During all this, take care not to over-angle and show the lower side armour too much as this will allow vehicles to penetrate through down there and damage modules, even the ammunition storage if they are lucky.

Another role the M4A3E2 is good it is as a flanker. Due to its great mobility as a heavy tank, the M4A3E2 Jumbo can manoeuvre like a medium tank around the battlefield. This is also beneficial to the 75 mm gun as it would permit the M4A3E2 a chance to attack the weaker side armours of enemy vehicles. Once flanking around and finding a prime position in a firing angle right into an enemy chokepoint, minimize exposure to anything but the front armour and the M4A3E2 can remain a formidable obstacle to all opponents. Take care not to be outflanked by enemy players aware of the M4A3E2 position.

Due to the M4A3E2 Jumbo having a slightly higher battle-rating than the other M4 Shermans, it can face tanks such as the [[Panther D]] and [[Tiger_H1|Tiger H1]], meaning its 75 mm cannon starts becoming less effective. For this reason, it is advisable to take the T45 APCR ammo into battle once unlocked, at least enough to take on the armoured targets the Jumbo will face.

The Soviet 85 mm can be a threat, so caution is advised when going up against tanks armed with the 85 mm, such as the [[T-34-85]], [[SU-85]], and [[IS-1]]. The [[Jagdpanzer 38(t)]] and [[Jagdpanzer IV]] can be tricky when facing off against them. Their frontal armour is too thick and sloped for the 75 mm M3 gun to have any effect on it. For these two targets, it is advised to target their tracks and transmission and then flank for a side shot, where the armour is much weaker. Also, the [[Dicker Max]] wields a 105 mm that can penetrate the front plate of the M4A3E2 Jumbo, so caution is advised against those as well. The 2 last common threats from the German tree are the [[Panzer IV/70(A)]] and [[Panzer IV/70(V)]]. The same advice can be taken from the Jagdpanzer 38(t) and Jagdpanzer IV but also considering that these tank destroyers can penetrate your frontal hull and turret under 500m. The [[SU-152]] and [[ISU-152]] with the stock APHE round can sometimes penetrate your frontal plate, however, special caution should be paid to the ISU-152. From the front, the 75mm gun will struggle to penetrate the armour of the ISU-152 but an ISU-152 using the HEAT shell can easily penetrate anywhere in the front hull and turret. The best tactic to countering the ISU-152 is to attempt to flank it as the side armour is only 75 mm thick. If flanking it is not possible, aim for the barrel, as it will reduce the accuracy of the ISU-152's main gun, and many ISU-152 players will not shoot the main gun if the barrel is damaged. Remember to wait for the ISU-152 to shoot before engaging it, as the reload time of the ISU-152 is very long. Finally, there is one more common opponent from the Soviet/Chinese tree: [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]]. Its 122 mm gun can easily penetrate the Jumbo, regardless of angle and distance. To destroy it, shoot at it when it's reloading or is unaware of your presence. For the 1943 model, aim at the cupola or the curved part of its hull armour that blends into the side. It has only 4 crew so killing all the turret crew (3, which is easy) will destroy it. For the [[IS-2 (1944)|1944 model]], only aim at the turret or the cupola as its hull is very strong.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent 75 mm gun with APCR rounds
* High rate of fire for the main gun
* Excellent gun depression
* Very strong turret armour from all sides, very good at hull down position
* Very good at leading a spearhead towards a capture point where it can provide cover to weaker allied tanks with more powerful guns
* Excellent frontal armour, about 101 mm thick
* Excellent all around turret armour, average 152 mm thick
* Can absorb a lot of damage
* Better mobility than the Soviet KV-1 and the British Churchill
* Equipped with gun stabilizer working up to 24km/h, making it more to shoot while moving.
* Good acceleration
* Incredibly tough when angled
* Wide tracks enable it to have decent off-road mobility, unlike other previous Sherman models
* Learning curve from previous Sherman variant will help a lot at mastering this tank

'''Cons:'''

* [[M3 (75 mm)|75 mm gun]] lacks penetration against [[:Category:Heavy tanks|heavy tanks]]
* It needs allies support to be effective in battle as it cannot deal serious damage on its own
* Armour weak spot above the gun-mantlet (63.5 mm @ 60°)
* Small bottom corners on M4A3E2 gun mantlet can serve as shot traps
* Side armour better than normal, but still weak (76.2 mm), but the lower side hull armour is even worse (38.1 mm)
* Very thin rear armour
* Inability to compound angle greatly due to very weak lower side hull armour that would be penetrated
* Tall profile makes it a bigger target
* Bad off-road manoeuvrability
* Low top speed of 35 km/h
* Reverse speed is bad
* Hull MG is a weak spot
* Due to the layered armour at the front and the armour over-matching mechanic, the upper glacis armour can be dubious in that it does not reliably ricochet shells, particularly those from large calibre guns like the T-34-85
* Stock round struggles a noticeable amount at this BR, struggling to pen common enemies such as a T-34-85

== History ==

===Development===
Even before the invasion of Normandy, the Allied commanders had to figure out a method in order to breach heavily-defended fortification lines such as the Siegfried Line blocking the path from France to Germany. One of the solutions was for the implementation of "assault tanks" to enter enemy territory and root out the enemy fortifications. The initial plan was for the production of the [[M26|M26 Pershing]] tanks to fulfil this role, but setbacks in its development caused the M26 deployment to be delayed until 1945. A quick solution must be made to fill this "assault tank" role for the invasion of Europe in 1944.

US Ordnance then took their abundant [[M4|M4 Shermans]] in stock and fixed them up for the new role they've been assigned in. Although keeping the same engine, the armour was upped from around 76.2 mm initial thickness to 102 mm and angled at 47 degrees from vertical. This angle would influence later Sherman design such as the M4A3 by changing the original 56 degrees angled glacis with protruding crew hatches to 47 degrees angled glacis without any protrusion from the crew hatches. This modified M4 Sherman's armour when angled would then be 150 mm line-of-sight (LOS) thick and 180 mm effective. The side armour is also increased to 76.2 mm thick and the turret is redesigned to provide more protection. These modified Shermans were designated the '''M4A3E2''' by the Ordnance Department, whereas the nickname "Jumbo" was likely a post-war invention. At the end of the modifications, the Sherman "Jumbo" now weighed about 42 tons and moves a lower speed of 22 miles per hour. A drawback to the increased weight of the Sherman is that the Vertical Volute Suspension System (VVSS) from the Sherman was unable to take the weight easily, so extra care was taken by the crew members to not break the suspension.

In March of 1944, the US Army ordered for 254 of these vehicles to be delivered for use for European Operations. Intended for the assault on the Normandy Beachhead, it was deployed in Normandy after D-Day to assist the infantry push through German defences. The M4A3E2 originally came with the 75 mm guns to support infantry with its better HE shells compared to the planned 76 mm instalment, but the 76 mm was installed later in the campaign and called the [[M4A3E2 (76) W|M4A3E2 (76) W Jumbo]].

===Combat usage===
The M4A3E2 was well-liked by the crew and commanders due to its protection value. Despite the weight difference and strain on the suspension, it performed reliably and could absorb damage that would otherwise destroy regular Shermans. Later in the war, when the quantity of the M4 Sherman "Jumbos" were unable to meet the demand, George S. Patton ordered for existing M4 Shermans to weld on armour plates scavenged from knocked out tanks to makeshift "on-the-field" Jumbos. This caused the newer Shermans such as the [[M4A3 (76) W|M4A3 (76) W HVSS]] could have the same protection by welding metal onto the hull. One of the Jumbo's notable participation in the war was in Patton's Third Army where it spearheaded the assault to Bastogne to relieve the pinned down 101st Paratroopers (though they deny needing a "rescue").

When the war in the European Theater ended, the M4A3E2s were then placed stateside for the preparation for the invasion of the Japanese Home Islands. However, this was never to be fulfilled as Japan then surrendered to the United States in September 1945. The M4A3E2 Shermans proved to be a very effective stop-gap solution until heavier armoured tanks such as the Pershing could come into play. In 1948, about 96 Sherman Jumbos still remained in US inventory.

=== In-game description ===
The M4 Sherman went through its most interesting modification at the end of 1943, when American builders presented a compromise design. It was a direct infantry support tank to be used at the beginning of 1944 during infantry landings in Northern Europe. The solution, which was quite simple, came about after it became clear that the T26E1 heavy assault tank would be ready for full-scale production no earlier than January 1945: boost the tank's armour to 10 cm. At the same time a heavier turret was designed with 10.5 cm armour, the changes together resulting in a tank that weighed in at 38 tons. Experience on the front showed that modernized tracks with fixed grousers were the best option, and they ended up giving the new tank a significant speed boost. It was able to traverse rough terrain at a top speed of 22 mph.

The Fisher Tank Arsenal launched production of the M4A3E2 in May 1944 and finished in June of the same year. The tanks, which were bequeathed the nickname "Jumbo", were delivered to Europe that fall and served successfully through the end of the war.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=heavy_tank&vehicle=us_m4a3e2_sherman_jumbo Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|kmLZDtH7FpU|'''The Shooting Range #208''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:42 discusses the {{PAGENAME}} Jumbo.|WglgTOAzkEw|'''Heavy tanks are loved and hated for their armour. {{PAGENAME}} Jumbo''' - ''HowToPlay1337''|l31USzTa5EQ|'''How to destroy the Jumbo''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|WqofzCegX98|'''{{PAGENAME}} Jumbo Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}

== See also ==


;Other M4A3E2 vehicles in the game

* [[Cobra King]]
* [[M4A3E2 (76) W]]
* [[M4A3E2 (France)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/704|[Devblog] Steel Generals: M4A3E2]]
* [[wikipedia:M4_Sherman#M4A3E2|[Wikipedia] M4 Sherman - M4A3E2]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/US/m4a3e2-jumbo-assault-tank <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Assault Tank M4A3E2 Jumbo]

{{USA heavy tanks}}

Update 1.51 "Cold Steel"

2021-09-12T18:47:46Z

U73853576: tanks

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Update 1.51 "Cold Steel"}}
[[File:Wallpaper Update1.51.jpg|x400px|border|right]]

[https://warthunder.com/en/news/3199--en Update 1.51 "Cold Steel"]([https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/466 changelog]) was introduced on 30 June 2015. The update is distinguished for adding the first winter ground forces location ([[Finland]]) to the game, introducing the "Enduring Confrontation" game mode; as well as improving the damage indicator, adding [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/789 "Orders"] and first post war tanks.
{{youtube|url = SCdX85A3qKA|Update 1.51 - "Cold Steel" Overview|}}

__TOC__

=New Vehicles=
==Aircraft==
===United States===

* [[A-36|А-36]]
* [[SB2C-1c|SB2C-1C]]
* [[F2A-3|F2A-3]] (New Model)
* [[F2A-1|F2A-1]] (New Model)
* [[Thach's_F2A-1|Thach's F2A-1]] (New Model)

===Germany===

* [[IL-2_(1942)_(Germany)|IL-2 (1942)]]
* [[Do 17_E-1|Do 17E-1]]
* [[Bf 109 E-1]] (New Model)
* [[Bf 109 E-3]] (New Model)

===USSR===

* [[Hurricane_Mk_IIB_(USSR)|Hurricane Mk IIB]] (Premium)
* [[Yak-3_(VK-107)|Yak-3 (VK-107)]] (Premium)
* [[IL-2M_type_3|IL-2M Type 3]] (New Model)
* [[IL-2M_"Avenger"|IL-2M "Avenger”]] (New Model)

===Great Britain===

* [[Hurricane Mk IV|Hurricane Mk.IV]]
* [[Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop|Hurricane Mk. IIb]] (New Model)
* [[Firebrand_TF_Mk_IV|Firebrand TF.MK.IV]]

===Japan===

* [[J2M5|J2M5]]
* [[J2M5_30mm|J2M5 (30 mm)]] (Premium)
* [[Ki-44-I|Ki-44]]

==Ground vehicles==
===United States===

* [[M60|М60]]
* [[Super Hellcat|М18 Super Hellcat]] (Premium)

===Germany===

* [[Pz.35(t)|Pz.35(t)]]
* [[Nb.Fz.|Nb.Fz. VI]] (Premium)
* [[Leopard I]]

===USSR===

* [[T-26-4]]
* [[SU-100Y]] (Premium)
* [[T-34-100]] (Premium)
* [[T-10M]]

=Game Changes=
==Changes in Vehicle Models==

* For all vehicles of the "Panther" series, and self-propelled guns, external screens on the lower part of each vehicle have been added and accounted for in the damage model;
* Multiple tweaks and fixes to the shape and thickness of armour elements on several vehicles;
* Fixed the number of crew members displayed for the KV-85, changing from 5 to 4;
* Armour for the Yak-7B has been fixed (removed nonexistent armoured glass);
* Fixed uploading custom camouflages for the Hurricane Mk.I/L;
* Fixed uploading custom camouflages for the Me 262A-1/U4;
* Fixed the display of offensive weaponry damage model for Hs 129B-2;
* Added missing armour for the He 111H-16;
* Fixed the display of offensive weaponry for BB-1 aircraft and SU-2 lineup.

==New Locations and Missions==

* Added event in the Enduring Confrontation game mode (JiP). The new game mode will start with limited combat missions a few days after Update 1.51 launched. We will regularly supplement these missions with new tasks and continue to improve the mechanics. Stay tuned!
* [[Finland]] - A new winter location for mixed battles (modes: domination, battle, conquest)
* New aircraft Arcade missions have been added:
** Apple Gardens (Ground Strike);
** Approaches to Moscow (Ground Strike);
** Khalkhyn Gol (Ground Strike);
** Saipan (Ground Strike);
** Gorge (Front Line);
** Foothills (Front Line).
* New aircraft Realistic missions have been added
** Korsun (Front Line);
** Mozdok (Front Line).

==Changes in Locations and Missions==

* Krymsk: Removed known unfair vantage points. Some areas have been slightly flattened;
* [[Jungle]]: Removed known unfair vantage points;
* [[Eastern Europe (Ground Forces)|Eastern Europe]]: Balance changes have been made to the central capture point;
* [[Carpathians]]: Added a new shelter position, some changes to unfair winning conditions;
* [[Karelia]]: Some changes to unfair winning conditions;
* [[White_Rock_Fortress|White Rock Fortress]]: Balance changes at the northern capture point;
* [[Battle_of_Hurtgen_Forest|Battle of Hürtgen Forest]]: Balance changes at the third capture point.

==Research and Economy==

* The amount of research points awarded for the destruction of ground vehicles are now uses the system similar to aircraft battles - vehicle BR difference will also be considered;
* The amount of research points awarded for the destruction of ground vehicles has been slightly increased;
* Added missing traverse adjustment drive modification for self-propelled guns: Panzerjäger Panther, Panzerjäger Tiger, Panzerjäger Tiger P Ferdinand, ISU-152, SU-100Y, SU-100, SU-122, SU-122-54, SU-152, SU-85-1943, SU-85М;
* The US nation now has a separate line for level bombers. Attackers and dive bombers now have a common research line.

==Damage Model==

* A new indicator for ground vehicle and aircraft damage has been introduced;
* A new system of tracking for shell fragments has been introduced: Fragments can now have a more complex and unique shape, and differing fragments can have different amounts of energy. This system works for secondary shell fragments and the metal jet of HEAT grenades;
* Increased the efficiency of piercing projectiles with a discarding sabot against sloped armor;
* Increased the efficiency of flat-headed shells, and armour-piercing and ballistic capped shells, on sloped armour inclined at a 60 degree angle.
* Fixed the ballistics of piercing projectiles with a discarding sabot. Now, the cross-section on which ballistics will be calculated correspond to the core size of the projectile, and not to the projectile's sabot.

==Weaponry==

* HESH (High-Explosive Squash Head) shells have been added, which cause fragments to hit targets inside the vehicle due to spalling;
* HEATFS (High-Explosive Anti Tank Fin Stabilized) shells have been added. These shells have a much better penetration, but cause less spalling than common HEAT shells;
* BP-367P streamlined piercing projectile ammunition has been added for the T-44.

==Changes in Flight Models==

* A6M (all models) - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations, and geometry calculations of the wings. Stalling, due to executing a turn is more likely now. Decreased takeoff distance. Changed engine operations in automatic control mode;
* B-25 (all models) - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Control of this aircraft in Mouse Aim mode has been improved;
* B7A2 - Changed behavior of the aircraft whilst in a vertical dive (improved stability, including during recovery from a steep dive). Edited the efficiency of the air brake (reduced). Edited inertia calculations;
* Blenheim Mk.IV - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Improved stability whilst in a vertical dive;
* Boomerang Mk. I/II - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Yer-2 (with M-105 engines) - Refined engine operation mode (temperature). Improved stability whilst in level flight.
* G4M1 - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Il-2 (all models) - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Ju-87B-2 - Improved stability whilst in a vertical dive;
* Ki-84 (all models) - Improved stability whilst in a vertical dive. Increased the sensitivity of control surfaces. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Improved reaction of the aircraft during tug the handling situations (stalling suddenly, including at high-speeds);
* Ki-102 otsu - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability in all flight modes. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Ki-45 - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Ki-49 (all modifications) - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Ki-96 - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* P-47 (all models) - Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations.
* Wirraway - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Yak-1/1b/7b/9/3 (all models) - Flight models have been fully updated. Recalculated and refined all geometric and weight characteristics. Reworked propeller and engine characteristics. Changed behaviour during takeoff and landing (reduced speed for takeoff and landing). Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Yak-3 BK-107a - Initially configured according to the [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/250143-yakovlev-yak-3-vk-107a/ data sheet];
* J2M5 - Has been configured according to the [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/249893-mitsubishi-j2m5/ data sheet];
* J2M5 (30mm) - Has been configured according to the [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/249893-mitsubishi-j2m5/ data sheet];
* Ki-44-1 - Has been configured according to the [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/249903-nakajima-ki-44-i/ data sheet];
* Ki-61 (all models) - Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* N1K2 (all models) - New flight model. Basic characteristics of the aircraft have been changed (max speed was increased to 630 km/h, time to climb up to 5000m has been reduced to 05:30 min). New characteristics configured in accordance with the Data Sheet. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Bf.110C-4 - Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* P-51D (all models) - Refined geometric data, control elements (flaps, ailerons, elevator and rudder), by reaching maximum overload, calculations are considered for the effect of airflow. The higher the speed, the greater the effect, stalling and climb rate has been initially configured according to the data sheet. The engine has also been slightly modified;
* P-51D-5 - Fuselage tank has been installed, lack of additional fin area in later models is considered, behavior corresponding to early D series;
* А-36 - Has been configured according to the data sheet;
* Fury Mk.II - Flight model has been completely reworked. Size, weight, and restrictions on control have been edited (vertical dive, overload, chassis durability). Wing and profile have been recalculated. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. The Kestrel VI engine, gear, screw, and radiator have been configured according to historical graphics;
* Tempest (all models) - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Attacker - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Trimmer has been fixed;
* Firebrand Mk.IV - Has been initially configured according to the data sheet;
* Ta.152H-1 - Flight model has been completely reworked. Reworked aircraft behaviour at high speeds. The higher the speed, the greater the effect. Calculations are now considered for the effect of airflow on the horizontal tail surface. Refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. The resistance of single elements (flaps, screw, fuselage, radiator etc.) are now calculated. Refined wing centre of gravity and behaviour during a stall or corkscrew and when at maximum overload. Engine performance has been adjusted, reduced compression and overheating. Fuel consumption calculations have been refined. Refined speeds and climb rate in different modes;
* Do.17E-1 - Has been configured according to the data sheet;
* La-5F - Fixed the maximum speed when affected by ground-effect. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Me-410 (all models) - New flight model. Reduced the impact of torque effect during take off. Improved the efficiency of air brakes. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Hurricane Mk.IV/Mk.II (USSR) - Has been initially configured.

==Interface==

* A new system has been introduced - [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/789 Orders];
* Added function that allows the marking of locations of enemies in combined Realistic Battles. By landing a shot on an enemy with your main gun, all players in your team will, for a limited time, be able to view the targeted enemy’s location on the minimap;
* Tags for Britain carrier-based aircraft have been optimised (unnecessary and apparently duplicating tags have been removed).

==Settings==

* Changed the method of saving user settings. Now they are stored separately for each account and divided into two parts. One part is synchronised between all player devices (general settings, vehicle preset settings and settings), the other one is individual for each device (control settings, colours, fonts, etc.).

==Sounds==

* Improved the overall sound environment for air battles;
* New sounds for shells striking the ground have been added.

==Decals and Camouflages==

* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/799 Multiple decals for ground vehicles and aircraft have been added];
* Added winter camouflages for all ground vehicles which don’t already have them. For all soviet ground vehicles, added woodland camouflages. Vehicles: Flakpanzer I Ausf A, КV-1B 756®, Aufklärungspanzer 38(t), Pz.Kpfw 38(t) Ausf. A, Pz.Kpfw. VI Tiger P, Sd.Kfz. 6/2 mit FlaK 36, StuG III Ausf A, StuG III Ausf F, M2A4, M3 Lee, M3 Stuart, M3A1 Stuart, BT-5, BT-7 1937, IS-3, IS-4M, ISU-152, KV-1 L11, KV-2 1939, М4A2 76W (USSR), SU-100Y, SU-100 1945, SU-122-54, SU-152, SU-57, SU-76M 1943, Т-10М, Т-126(SP), Т-26 1940, Т-28, Т-35, Т-50, Т-54 1951, Т-60 1941, Т-70 1942, Т-80, ZIS-30, ZSU-37, ZSU-57-2, ZUT-37;
* The conditions for unlocking some camouflages have been changed.

=Smaller updates that came afterwards=
==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/467 30.06.2015]==

* Error leading to the inability to respawn for bombers in missions: [Front Line] Gorge and [Front Line] Foothills has been fixed.
* Fixed map border on the Poland map for the “Domination” game mode in Realistic Battles (respawn points outside the location).
* Haze reduced on Finland map.
* Duplicate camouflages for T-28, T-28E and T-35 have been removed.
* Engine compartment roof thickness of T-34-100 has been fixed.
* Overestimated crew vitality from direct hits has been fixed.
* Inability to use a custom camouflage for Leopard-1 has been fixed.
* Description of the machine gun MG3A1 has been corrected. Caliber is displayed correctly as 7,62mm.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/468 01.07.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.
* A bug where snow would remain on the tracks of ground vehicles after a session on the “Finland” map has been fixed.

==02.07.2015==
===[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/469 1st Patch]===

* Fixed aircraft behaviour during air events in Arcade Battles for ground vehicles.

===[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/470 2nd Patch]===

* It is no longer possible to mark enemy tanks by hitting them with your main gun in Simulator Battles.
* An ammo allocation bug for the Leopard 1 has been fixed.
* A bug where ammo allocation would not be displayed in battle for the Kugelblitz and GaZ 4M has been fixed.
* PB-46A shell (SU-100-Y) penetration has been fixed (122mm AP shell data had been used previously by mistake).
* The default camouflage cover for the T-26 1gv.t.br. has been fixed - it now uses one similar to the T-34 1gv.t.br.
* M46, M47 and M60 driving performance has been improved (no jerking while turning at speeds below 5 km/h).
* The spawn point for the Southern capture point on Kuban (Conquest) has been changed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/471 06.07.2015]==

* The thickness of the side skirts for the “Coelain” has been changed from 30mm to 5mm.
* Improved the mobility of the Leopard I whilst turning at low speeds.
* Fixed a damage model bug for the M2A2, which allowed the machine gun ammunition to explode.
* A suspension settings bug for the T-34-85 and T-34-100 has been fixed. The down motion of the roller has been reduced according to the “T-34. Manual” VI NKO Moscow 1944, p. 11.
* For all modifications of the T-54, the rate of the fire has been fixed. The maximum rate of the fire has been increased up to 7 shots per minute according to the “Guide to the material part and operating of T-54” VI MO USSR 1969, p.10 line 51. The speed of the vertical guidance has been reduced to 4° per second.
* For all modifications of the T-54, the settings of the transmission have been fixed according to “Guide to the material part and operating of T-54” VI MO USSR, p.8, line 14. The maximum speed at 2000 rpm/min is now 49 km/h.
* Fixed the penetration of the 122mm shell BR-472 of the M62TC T-10M gun. Armour piercing has been increased by 12% on all distances according to “Domestic armored vehicles of the XX century” 1946-1965, volume 3, datasheet 15.
* Ammunition for coupled/coaxial machine guns of the T-10M has been reduced to 450 shells, configured as 9x50 machine gun magazines (the remaining amount of ammunition are not in the magazines and need some time to reload). According to “Guide to the material part and operating of T-10M”. VI MO USSR 1960, p. 109.
* The maximum rate of the fire of the 100mm LB-1 gun for the T-34-100 has been increased up to 5.2 shots per minute, according “Armour collection. History of the T-34” 2003, p. 51. The angle of elevation below level for the gun has been increased to -5°.
* The maximum rate of the fire of the D-10S (SU-100) has been increased up to 5.7 shots per minute.
* The maximum rate of the fire of the KwK43 and PaK43 has been increased up to 7.02 shots per minute.
* Ammunition for the coupled/coaxial machinegun MG3A1 of the Leopard I now use the “tank” tape cartridges with 1000 shells.
* The “Bundeswehr” Decal, and Decal of the “4th Egypt Division” have been moved to the category “neutral”.
* Do.217 (all models) - Flight model has been edited. Overheating has been refined (engine now overheats during emergency power (WEP)). Improved stability in all flight modes. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated.and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/472 07.07.2015]==

* Improved Client performance.
* Refined automated trimming.
* Fixed a bug that in some instances caused damaged parts of wings to remain in the air.
* Fixed a bug in air events during Arcade ground battles which counted a lost aircraft as a death for the player.
* The incorrect display of the interface for players waiting in a game queue has been fixed.
* A bug where the mouse cursor would return to the middle position by activating map or team statistics display, has been fixed.
* The look of engine flames on jet aircraft have been changed.
* Interface errors in tutorial missions, while using a gamepad, have been fixed.
* A bug, which restricted showing the full battle log after a mission had ended has been fixed.
* Bugs in the interface for vehicle decal applications have been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/473 09.07.2015]==

* An interface bug, where deleted friends would remain visible in the friends list, has been fixed.
* Client stability has been improved.
* Optimizations for physics of destruction on landscape objects like hedges, fences, trees etc, which should recover FPS (mostly noticeable on Finland location).
* PS4: Fixed a bug which prevented the use of sights in test drive for Realistic Battles mode.
* PS4: Added the option of managing binoculars with controller analogue stick.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/474 10.07.2015]==

* Transmission on SPG SU-122-54 and ZSU-57-2 configured the same as the T-54 (the maximum speed of vehicle and the gear ratio)
* Penetration value of 100 mm HEAT projectile ZBK-5 increased from 350 to 380 mm according to "Domestic armored vehicles. The twentieth century. Volume 3 1946-1965 gg. "P.49," Weapons and Tactics of the Soviet Army ".
* Increased likelihood of ricochet at acute angles (less than 25 degrees) for HESH shells.
* Increased likelihood of ricochet for HEAT and HEAT Finned shells at angles of less than 20 degrees.
* Changed position slightly of spawn and capture points on ground vehicles in Kuban to correct the situation where team A wins more often than Team B because of closer location in relation to the spawn points of capture as well as being a good position for covering capture points.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/475 15.07.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.
* Improved behavior of mouse cursor in windowed mode on Linux client.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/476 16.07.2015]==

* For all self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicles, the visibility in sniper mode has been increased.
* M4A3 105: Track guard thickness has been changed from 25.4mm to 9.5mm.
* The thickness of twin machine guns on the BT series, T-34, KV and IS ground vehicles has been fixed.
* Track guard thickness for the T-34 series has been fixed: On earlier models (1940-1941) to 13mm, on later models to 20mm.
* The turret rotation speed of the T-10M has been increased to 17° according to “Domestic armored vehicles 1945-1965”, volume 3, p.56. Increased the cannon’s vertical guidance speed for better simulation of stabiliser work.
* Excessive penetration of explosive effect for all armour-piercing shells has been reduced. Previously, it was possible to hit enemy tanks through the bottom armour plate or track guards without actual penetration.
* Reduced the effectiveness of APDS shells when hitting an armour plate inclined at more than 60 degrees.
* Reduced the effectiveness of APHE shells: The amount of secondary fragments caused by spalling has been reduced by 15% and the penetration of these fragments has been reduced as well. Thus, fuel tanks and other internal modules can now intercept these secondary fragments.

Changes to ‘Enduring Confrontation’ mode (available at the start of the next test):

* Added a new mission to Enduring Confrontation: ‘Ruhr’.
* A new objective/scenario has been added: ‘Bomber Escort’.
* The hitpoints of bases have been slightly increased.
* The respawn time of bases has been increased from 10 seconds to 2 minutes.
* The speed of recon aircraft is now limited to 350 km/h. Before this patch, it was possible for them to reach a speed of up to 600 km/h, making it too difficult to detect and shoot them down.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/477 21.07.2015]==

* Improvements and fixes have been made to the interface.
* Fixed a problem which caused a loss of control while rolling with multi-engine aircraft, when ailerons and wings were damaged.
* Added a new parameter: “Automatic flaps control”, to the instructor settings.
* Added the display of armour-piercing shell penetration values for aircraft.
* Added the display of modification improvement descriptions for ground vehicles.
* Fixed surges in engine power caused by switching compressor gears.
* Fixed pitch handling problems in several aircraft when the setting “simplified joystick” is enabled in the “simplified controlling” mode.
* Fixed a bug where the damage cam displayed modules incorrectly (in yellow colour).
* Fixed an incorrect response caused by damaging the fuel tanks and ammunition load with secondary fragments. It was possible that these modules wouldn’t catch fire or wouldn’t explode by damage from secondary fragments in some situations.
* Fixed the display of damage shown for enemies during hitcam playback. Now it shows the status of the modules after the last hit. (Previously it only displayed the relative damage of the last hit).
* Fixed lack of shell explosions inside vehicles during a hit and in deathcam, if the vehicle was destroyed by other destroying shell factors (secondary fragments or direct contact with a crew member).
* The correct distribution of ammo pack for BT-5, BT-7, SU-100, SU-122P, SU-76М, Т-34-100 has been introduced.
* Fixed a bug with resetting the reloading process by hitting the gunner, and the lack of resetting the reloading process by hitting the tank loader.
* Fixed the colour of the winter camouflage for the KV-1 with the KwK-40 cannon.
* Balance changes have taken effect on “Normandy” and “Kuban”.
* The errors during the ground vehicles tutorial have been fixed.
* Refined the weight of the Browning M3 shells.
* Increased the altitude where clouds begin to form for all game modes.
* Fixes and changes have been applied to the following aircraft models: Bf.109 (all models), Fw.190A-1, Fw.190A-4, Fw.190A-5, I-16 typ 5, Ki-43, Mosquito FB Mk.XVIII, Tempest MK2, Yak-9M, B7A2, A-36, Pe-2-83, Pе-3 (all models).
* Fixes and changes have been applied to the following ground vehicle models: KV-1B 756(r), Leopard I, Ferdinand, 10,5cm Tiger II, Pz.Bfw.VI (P), T-10M, IS-2 1944, IS-2 Avenger, SU-100Y, СМК, Т-26-5, Т-35, Т-34-100, М47.
* For the T-10M, the anti-aircraft machine gun has been enabled.
* New sounds have been introduced for the KPVT machine gun.
* New sounds have been introduced for the L7 and M68 cannons.
* Changed fuel consumption levels on the following A6M aircraft:
* A6M2N - flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 2 hours
* A6M2/model 11 - flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 1 hour 40 minutes
* A5M3 - flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 1 hour 08 minutes
* A6M3 model 22/model 22 Ko - flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 1 hour 24 minutes
* A6M5 Ko/Otsu - flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 1 hour 24 minutes
* Refined the fuselage polar for: Yak-1/1-B/7-B/9-P, Т, M, K, U, UT.
* P-47-D-25/28 - Changed fuel consumption level. Flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 1 hour 17 minutes.
* Hе.112 V-5/А-0 - Refined the fuselage polar, cockpit lights added.
* I-301, LaGG-3 (all models) - Refined the fuselage polar and tail assembly (exchange rate stability was improved).
* La (all models except jets) - Refined the fuselage polar and tail assembly (exchange rate stability was improved).
* F-82E - improved handling at high speeds.
* Il-10 (all models) - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations.
* Bug which allow ground travel outside the minimap on location “Kuban” has been fixed.
* Fixed a bug, where in the game mode “Break” was possible to respawn on the rocks.
* Fixed errors related to joining to “Enduring Confrontation” session that is in progress.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/478 23.07.2015]==

* LINUX: window stuck in fullscreen has been fixed.
* RENDER: disappearing snow in tank locations has been fixed.
* RENDER: ground vehicle rendering in simulator mode has been fixed.
* Carpathians: The reward for additional tasks has been reduced (-10% ticket points from enemy team).
* Kursk: A bug in “Conquest” mode, which initiated the activation of the wrong missions in “Realistic Battles” mode and “Simulator Battles” has been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/479 24.07.2015]==

* Camouflages for the SU-122-54 and for the premium M46 have been added.
* Ground vehicle engine and transmission repairs have been fixed. From now on, all damage which affect the mobility of the vehicle can be repaired if the repair kit has been researched. Previously, some damage may have been able to affect the engine or transmission, without the ability to repair it.
* The ‘behind armour effect’ and the effect on sloped armour for some aircraft armour-piercing rounds and armour-piercing composite rounds have been fixed.
* The ‘behind armour effect’ of sabot shells (type APCR) has been slightly reduced. The parameters of secondary fragments from more powerful post-war shells with detachable trays (type APDS) were previously used incorrectly.
* New “[https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/802 Drill Squadrons]” with limited functionality, but with the possibility to participate in squadron battles, have been introduced.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/480 31.07.2015]==

* The Linux Launcher has been released | [https://yupmaster.gaijinent.com/launcher/current.php?id=WarThunderLauncherLinux Download Here]
* Various rare issues when logging in have been fixed.
* Some errors on Windows 10 have been fixed.
* Some errors on Linux have been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/481 04.08.2015]==

* T-10M armour has been fixed: turret ring hole’s diameter was larger than inner wall of the turret so tank’s crew and modules could have been damaged by spall fragments if hit under the turret
* The error with camouflage on the USSR premium M4A2 has been fixed.
* The bug with coaxial machine gun on Maus has been fixed. it was impossible to aim the machine gun vertically.
* Fixed the types of 90mm shells for T33 and T43 from armour-piercing with ballistic and armour-piercing caps to sharp armour-piercing shells. According to Pershing: A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series. R. P. Hunnicutt. Armor-piercing ammunition for Gun, 90mm, M3.
* Roll function on P-51D-5 with a dead engine will remain controllable.
* Wingmen in ‘Tactical control’ single missions will use bombs and rockets if the player cannot switch to another wingman.
* Rocket powered engines will now be able to restart in the air.
* When fuel is overfilled, fuel counter will not show negative values.
* Various issues when reconnecting to ‘Enduring Confrontation’ session have been fixed
* User localizations sometimes not loading properly has been fixed
* D, 520/521 - Refined fuselage polar and tail assembly (exchange rate stability has been improved). Improved handling at high speeds. Improved stability whilst in a vertical dive.
* ХР-50 - Improved handling at high speeds. Improved stability whilst in a vertical dive. Geometrical and weight parameters of tail assembly have been specified.
* Havok Mk.1 - Specified calculation for airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Improved handling in all flight modes. Improved the operation of automatic engine control.
* DB-7 - Specified the calculation for the airflow on horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Improved handling in all flight modes. Improved the operation of automatic engine control.
* Boston Mk.1 - Specified the calculation for the airflow on horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Improved handling in all flight modes. Improved the operation of automatic engine control. Installed Pratt & Whitney R-1830-S3C4-G engine.
* PBY-5/5a - The intermittent error where a tendency of pitching the nose upwards periodically when the rudder or stabilizator were lost has been fixed.
* Ki-43 (all models) - Specified the calculation for the airflow on horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations.
* Fury MkI - Installed Kestrel IIs engine. Flight model has been completely reworked. Size, weight, and restrictions on control have been edited (vertical dive, overload, chassis durability). Wing and profile have been recalculated. Specified the calculation for the airflow on horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated.and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. .
* Do-17E1 - Specified the parameters of the BMW VI engine. Installed propellers with fixed pitch.
* P-26 (all models) - Applied new calculation for airflow on horizontal tail surfaces. Inertia calculations updated and CG-position dependant on how much fuel is being carried. Specified climbing parameters.
* P-36 (all models) - Flight model has been completely reworked. Recalculated the power characteristics of the engine (exactly conforms to prototype), improved handling on all flight modes and types. Fixed “jerking” on mouse aiming.
* P-51/Мк.-1 - supply fuel tank added. In the inverted position the flight is limited to 10 seconds. Refined wing focuses (aerodynamic centre).
* A-36 - supply fuel tank added. In the inverted position the flight is limited to 10 seconds. Refined the wing focuses (aerodynamic centre). Specified the focus offset when releasing air brakes as well as their resistance.
* P-51-D (all models) - supply fuel tank added.. In the inverted position the flight is limited to 10 seconds. Slightly reduced likelihood of engine overheating.
* Il-28 - Refined balance and model of the airflow, increased negative destructive overload up to -4G (weight with full fuel tanks without bombs).
* Vampire FB.5 / Venom FB.4 - Refined balance, model of the airflow and inertia calculations.
* Icons added to battle log messages

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/482 06.08.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/483 07.08.2015]==

* A bug when small secondary shards and cumulative jet could pierce through crew member has been fixed (secondary shards with low penetration can no longer pierce through several crew members sitting in line).

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/484 10.08.2015]==

* A bug where AI torpedo bombers didn't drop torpedoes and failed to destroy enemy ships has been fixed;
* Font in Battle Log has been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/485 13.08.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved;
* Fixed a rare issue that led to the Squadron Tag not being displayed for some players;
* Fixed a bug on Mozdok which made it possible for a spawn point to appear outside the minimap area;
* Fix a bug when calling an artillery strike on the map with gamepad controls.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/486 21.08.2015]==

* Reduced the maximum fire rate of the F-34, ZIS-5 and ZIS-3 cannons from 10.8 to 8.7 shots per minute.
* Reduced the maximum fire rate of the L-11 canon from 9.6 to 8.4 shots per minute.
* Reduced the maximum fire rate of the T-34 1942 from 11.7 to 9.3 shots per minute.
* Increased the ‘behind armour effect’ of secondary fragments when armour-piercing shells penetrate.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/487 25.08.2015]==

* Several stability errors have been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/488 01.09.2015]==

* Windows: A crash that occurred while using the AMD Gaming Evolved Client in some configurations has been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/489 02.09.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/490 23.09.2015]==

* Quantitative Matchmaking as described in our [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/821 Developer's Blog] has been enabled for the following BR brackets:
** Tanks: 6.7 - 7.7 and 7.0-7.7
** Aircraft: 6.7 - 7.7 and 7.0 - 8.0 and 7.3 - 8.3
** There is a limit of 4 top vehicles per team, except for the BR 7.0 - 7.7 bracket, where it is 6.
* The Battle Ratings have been updated to work with Quantitative Matchmaking. Details in the forum.
* Similar Premium and regular vehicles will now share the same Battle Rating based on their combined performance data.
* The Economy has been updated. Details in the forum.
* The shell type BR-471D has been added for the following vehicles: IS-2 "Revenge", IS-2 Mod. 1944, SU-122P

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/491 25.09.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/492 07.10.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.
* Fixed sound effect when ground vehicles collide with trees and bushes.
* Error, which could lead to micro lags at the start of ground battles on PC’s with low performance, has been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/493 08.10.2015]==

* An error which caused problems while downloading files for a client update has been fixed.

===[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/494 Global changes for Matchmaking]===
[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/270236-planned-changes-to-br-and-mm/ Not so long ago, we announced a new intended feature in matchmaking], this would allow us to limit the amount of specific vehicles in battles. The rule has been tested in battles with ground vehicles and aircraft at higher ranks and proved itself robust. It gives the players an opportunity to engage in much more comfortable battles and meet many enemies at closer ranks and BR’s.

Now we are announcing an important change in battles at all ranks for ground vehicles and for aircraft!

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/495 13.10.2015]==

* Compensation issued for removed/changed engine injection modification (thanks to Jorge_Too for the report).

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/496 19.10.2015]==
Changes in the operation of modification “new boosters” in jets for the following aircraft:

* MiG-15, Canberra B.2, Canberra B.6, B-57A, Il-28 - Modification “new boosters” has been removed. These aircraft use conventional control rods and cables or hydraulic actuators for the operation of control surfaces.
* MiG-15bis, MiG-15bis (GER), La-15, La-174, F9F-2, F9F-5, F-84B, Venom FB4, F-80A, F-80C, F2H-2 - modification “new boosters” affects the speed of roll control only as hydraulic actuators in these aircraft were installed in the aileron mechanism.
* In the the F-86 series, the effect of the modification "new boosters" improves handling for roll and pitch - hydraulic actuators were installed only on the ailerons and elevators.
* The research points and game currency spent on research of removed modules will be compensated.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/497 22.10.2015]==

* Steam Controller support has been added.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/498 27.10.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.

{{Updates}}

[[Category:Updates]]

Update 1.51 "Cold Steel"

2021-09-12T18:46:55Z

U73853576: first post war vehicles added in this update.. right? leopard, M60, T10M....

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Update 1.51 "Cold Steel"}}
[[File:Wallpaper Update1.51.jpg|x400px|border|right]]

[https://warthunder.com/en/news/3199--en Update 1.51 "Cold Steel"]([https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/466 changelog]) was introduced on 30 June 2015. The update is distinguished for adding the first winter ground forces location ([[Finland]]) to the game, introducing the "Enduring Confrontation" game mode; as well as improving the damage indicator, adding [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/789 "Orders"] and first post war vehicles.
{{youtube|url = SCdX85A3qKA|Update 1.51 - "Cold Steel" Overview|}}

__TOC__

=New Vehicles=
==Aircraft==
===United States===

* [[A-36|А-36]]
* [[SB2C-1c|SB2C-1C]]
* [[F2A-3|F2A-3]] (New Model)
* [[F2A-1|F2A-1]] (New Model)
* [[Thach's_F2A-1|Thach's F2A-1]] (New Model)

===Germany===

* [[IL-2_(1942)_(Germany)|IL-2 (1942)]]
* [[Do 17_E-1|Do 17E-1]]
* [[Bf 109 E-1]] (New Model)
* [[Bf 109 E-3]] (New Model)

===USSR===

* [[Hurricane_Mk_IIB_(USSR)|Hurricane Mk IIB]] (Premium)
* [[Yak-3_(VK-107)|Yak-3 (VK-107)]] (Premium)
* [[IL-2M_type_3|IL-2M Type 3]] (New Model)
* [[IL-2M_"Avenger"|IL-2M "Avenger”]] (New Model)

===Great Britain===

* [[Hurricane Mk IV|Hurricane Mk.IV]]
* [[Hurricane Mk IIB/Trop|Hurricane Mk. IIb]] (New Model)
* [[Firebrand_TF_Mk_IV|Firebrand TF.MK.IV]]

===Japan===

* [[J2M5|J2M5]]
* [[J2M5_30mm|J2M5 (30 mm)]] (Premium)
* [[Ki-44-I|Ki-44]]

==Ground vehicles==
===United States===

* [[M60|М60]]
* [[Super Hellcat|М18 Super Hellcat]] (Premium)

===Germany===

* [[Pz.35(t)|Pz.35(t)]]
* [[Nb.Fz.|Nb.Fz. VI]] (Premium)
* [[Leopard I]]

===USSR===

* [[T-26-4]]
* [[SU-100Y]] (Premium)
* [[T-34-100]] (Premium)
* [[T-10M]]

=Game Changes=
==Changes in Vehicle Models==

* For all vehicles of the "Panther" series, and self-propelled guns, external screens on the lower part of each vehicle have been added and accounted for in the damage model;
* Multiple tweaks and fixes to the shape and thickness of armour elements on several vehicles;
* Fixed the number of crew members displayed for the KV-85, changing from 5 to 4;
* Armour for the Yak-7B has been fixed (removed nonexistent armoured glass);
* Fixed uploading custom camouflages for the Hurricane Mk.I/L;
* Fixed uploading custom camouflages for the Me 262A-1/U4;
* Fixed the display of offensive weaponry damage model for Hs 129B-2;
* Added missing armour for the He 111H-16;
* Fixed the display of offensive weaponry for BB-1 aircraft and SU-2 lineup.

==New Locations and Missions==

* Added event in the Enduring Confrontation game mode (JiP). The new game mode will start with limited combat missions a few days after Update 1.51 launched. We will regularly supplement these missions with new tasks and continue to improve the mechanics. Stay tuned!
* [[Finland]] - A new winter location for mixed battles (modes: domination, battle, conquest)
* New aircraft Arcade missions have been added:
** Apple Gardens (Ground Strike);
** Approaches to Moscow (Ground Strike);
** Khalkhyn Gol (Ground Strike);
** Saipan (Ground Strike);
** Gorge (Front Line);
** Foothills (Front Line).
* New aircraft Realistic missions have been added
** Korsun (Front Line);
** Mozdok (Front Line).

==Changes in Locations and Missions==

* Krymsk: Removed known unfair vantage points. Some areas have been slightly flattened;
* [[Jungle]]: Removed known unfair vantage points;
* [[Eastern Europe (Ground Forces)|Eastern Europe]]: Balance changes have been made to the central capture point;
* [[Carpathians]]: Added a new shelter position, some changes to unfair winning conditions;
* [[Karelia]]: Some changes to unfair winning conditions;
* [[White_Rock_Fortress|White Rock Fortress]]: Balance changes at the northern capture point;
* [[Battle_of_Hurtgen_Forest|Battle of Hürtgen Forest]]: Balance changes at the third capture point.

==Research and Economy==

* The amount of research points awarded for the destruction of ground vehicles are now uses the system similar to aircraft battles - vehicle BR difference will also be considered;
* The amount of research points awarded for the destruction of ground vehicles has been slightly increased;
* Added missing traverse adjustment drive modification for self-propelled guns: Panzerjäger Panther, Panzerjäger Tiger, Panzerjäger Tiger P Ferdinand, ISU-152, SU-100Y, SU-100, SU-122, SU-122-54, SU-152, SU-85-1943, SU-85М;
* The US nation now has a separate line for level bombers. Attackers and dive bombers now have a common research line.

==Damage Model==

* A new indicator for ground vehicle and aircraft damage has been introduced;
* A new system of tracking for shell fragments has been introduced: Fragments can now have a more complex and unique shape, and differing fragments can have different amounts of energy. This system works for secondary shell fragments and the metal jet of HEAT grenades;
* Increased the efficiency of piercing projectiles with a discarding sabot against sloped armor;
* Increased the efficiency of flat-headed shells, and armour-piercing and ballistic capped shells, on sloped armour inclined at a 60 degree angle.
* Fixed the ballistics of piercing projectiles with a discarding sabot. Now, the cross-section on which ballistics will be calculated correspond to the core size of the projectile, and not to the projectile's sabot.

==Weaponry==

* HESH (High-Explosive Squash Head) shells have been added, which cause fragments to hit targets inside the vehicle due to spalling;
* HEATFS (High-Explosive Anti Tank Fin Stabilized) shells have been added. These shells have a much better penetration, but cause less spalling than common HEAT shells;
* BP-367P streamlined piercing projectile ammunition has been added for the T-44.

==Changes in Flight Models==

* A6M (all models) - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations, and geometry calculations of the wings. Stalling, due to executing a turn is more likely now. Decreased takeoff distance. Changed engine operations in automatic control mode;
* B-25 (all models) - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Control of this aircraft in Mouse Aim mode has been improved;
* B7A2 - Changed behavior of the aircraft whilst in a vertical dive (improved stability, including during recovery from a steep dive). Edited the efficiency of the air brake (reduced). Edited inertia calculations;
* Blenheim Mk.IV - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Improved stability whilst in a vertical dive;
* Boomerang Mk. I/II - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Yer-2 (with M-105 engines) - Refined engine operation mode (temperature). Improved stability whilst in level flight.
* G4M1 - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Il-2 (all models) - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Ju-87B-2 - Improved stability whilst in a vertical dive;
* Ki-84 (all models) - Improved stability whilst in a vertical dive. Increased the sensitivity of control surfaces. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Improved reaction of the aircraft during tug the handling situations (stalling suddenly, including at high-speeds);
* Ki-102 otsu - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability in all flight modes. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Ki-45 - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Ki-49 (all modifications) - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Ki-96 - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* P-47 (all models) - Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations.
* Wirraway - Overheat calculations refined (engine now takes longer to overheat). Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Yak-1/1b/7b/9/3 (all models) - Flight models have been fully updated. Recalculated and refined all geometric and weight characteristics. Reworked propeller and engine characteristics. Changed behaviour during takeoff and landing (reduced speed for takeoff and landing). Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Yak-3 BK-107a - Initially configured according to the [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/250143-yakovlev-yak-3-vk-107a/ data sheet];
* J2M5 - Has been configured according to the [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/249893-mitsubishi-j2m5/ data sheet];
* J2M5 (30mm) - Has been configured according to the [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/249893-mitsubishi-j2m5/ data sheet];
* Ki-44-1 - Has been configured according to the [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/249903-nakajima-ki-44-i/ data sheet];
* Ki-61 (all models) - Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* N1K2 (all models) - New flight model. Basic characteristics of the aircraft have been changed (max speed was increased to 630 km/h, time to climb up to 5000m has been reduced to 05:30 min). New characteristics configured in accordance with the Data Sheet. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Bf.110C-4 - Improved stability whilst in level flight. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* P-51D (all models) - Refined geometric data, control elements (flaps, ailerons, elevator and rudder), by reaching maximum overload, calculations are considered for the effect of airflow. The higher the speed, the greater the effect, stalling and climb rate has been initially configured according to the data sheet. The engine has also been slightly modified;
* P-51D-5 - Fuselage tank has been installed, lack of additional fin area in later models is considered, behavior corresponding to early D series;
* А-36 - Has been configured according to the data sheet;
* Fury Mk.II - Flight model has been completely reworked. Size, weight, and restrictions on control have been edited (vertical dive, overload, chassis durability). Wing and profile have been recalculated. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. The Kestrel VI engine, gear, screw, and radiator have been configured according to historical graphics;
* Tempest (all models) - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Attacker - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Trimmer has been fixed;
* Firebrand Mk.IV - Has been initially configured according to the data sheet;
* Ta.152H-1 - Flight model has been completely reworked. Reworked aircraft behaviour at high speeds. The higher the speed, the greater the effect. Calculations are now considered for the effect of airflow on the horizontal tail surface. Refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. The resistance of single elements (flaps, screw, fuselage, radiator etc.) are now calculated. Refined wing centre of gravity and behaviour during a stall or corkscrew and when at maximum overload. Engine performance has been adjusted, reduced compression and overheating. Fuel consumption calculations have been refined. Refined speeds and climb rate in different modes;
* Do.17E-1 - Has been configured according to the data sheet;
* La-5F - Fixed the maximum speed when affected by ground-effect. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Me-410 (all models) - New flight model. Reduced the impact of torque effect during take off. Improved the efficiency of air brakes. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, refined the calculation of the transition processes and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations;
* Hurricane Mk.IV/Mk.II (USSR) - Has been initially configured.

==Interface==

* A new system has been introduced - [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/789 Orders];
* Added function that allows the marking of locations of enemies in combined Realistic Battles. By landing a shot on an enemy with your main gun, all players in your team will, for a limited time, be able to view the targeted enemy’s location on the minimap;
* Tags for Britain carrier-based aircraft have been optimised (unnecessary and apparently duplicating tags have been removed).

==Settings==

* Changed the method of saving user settings. Now they are stored separately for each account and divided into two parts. One part is synchronised between all player devices (general settings, vehicle preset settings and settings), the other one is individual for each device (control settings, colours, fonts, etc.).

==Sounds==

* Improved the overall sound environment for air battles;
* New sounds for shells striking the ground have been added.

==Decals and Camouflages==

* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/799 Multiple decals for ground vehicles and aircraft have been added];
* Added winter camouflages for all ground vehicles which don’t already have them. For all soviet ground vehicles, added woodland camouflages. Vehicles: Flakpanzer I Ausf A, КV-1B 756®, Aufklärungspanzer 38(t), Pz.Kpfw 38(t) Ausf. A, Pz.Kpfw. VI Tiger P, Sd.Kfz. 6/2 mit FlaK 36, StuG III Ausf A, StuG III Ausf F, M2A4, M3 Lee, M3 Stuart, M3A1 Stuart, BT-5, BT-7 1937, IS-3, IS-4M, ISU-152, KV-1 L11, KV-2 1939, М4A2 76W (USSR), SU-100Y, SU-100 1945, SU-122-54, SU-152, SU-57, SU-76M 1943, Т-10М, Т-126(SP), Т-26 1940, Т-28, Т-35, Т-50, Т-54 1951, Т-60 1941, Т-70 1942, Т-80, ZIS-30, ZSU-37, ZSU-57-2, ZUT-37;
* The conditions for unlocking some camouflages have been changed.

=Smaller updates that came afterwards=
==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/467 30.06.2015]==

* Error leading to the inability to respawn for bombers in missions: [Front Line] Gorge and [Front Line] Foothills has been fixed.
* Fixed map border on the Poland map for the “Domination” game mode in Realistic Battles (respawn points outside the location).
* Haze reduced on Finland map.
* Duplicate camouflages for T-28, T-28E and T-35 have been removed.
* Engine compartment roof thickness of T-34-100 has been fixed.
* Overestimated crew vitality from direct hits has been fixed.
* Inability to use a custom camouflage for Leopard-1 has been fixed.
* Description of the machine gun MG3A1 has been corrected. Caliber is displayed correctly as 7,62mm.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/468 01.07.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.
* A bug where snow would remain on the tracks of ground vehicles after a session on the “Finland” map has been fixed.

==02.07.2015==
===[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/469 1st Patch]===

* Fixed aircraft behaviour during air events in Arcade Battles for ground vehicles.

===[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/470 2nd Patch]===

* It is no longer possible to mark enemy tanks by hitting them with your main gun in Simulator Battles.
* An ammo allocation bug for the Leopard 1 has been fixed.
* A bug where ammo allocation would not be displayed in battle for the Kugelblitz and GaZ 4M has been fixed.
* PB-46A shell (SU-100-Y) penetration has been fixed (122mm AP shell data had been used previously by mistake).
* The default camouflage cover for the T-26 1gv.t.br. has been fixed - it now uses one similar to the T-34 1gv.t.br.
* M46, M47 and M60 driving performance has been improved (no jerking while turning at speeds below 5 km/h).
* The spawn point for the Southern capture point on Kuban (Conquest) has been changed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/471 06.07.2015]==

* The thickness of the side skirts for the “Coelain” has been changed from 30mm to 5mm.
* Improved the mobility of the Leopard I whilst turning at low speeds.
* Fixed a damage model bug for the M2A2, which allowed the machine gun ammunition to explode.
* A suspension settings bug for the T-34-85 and T-34-100 has been fixed. The down motion of the roller has been reduced according to the “T-34. Manual” VI NKO Moscow 1944, p. 11.
* For all modifications of the T-54, the rate of the fire has been fixed. The maximum rate of the fire has been increased up to 7 shots per minute according to the “Guide to the material part and operating of T-54” VI MO USSR 1969, p.10 line 51. The speed of the vertical guidance has been reduced to 4° per second.
* For all modifications of the T-54, the settings of the transmission have been fixed according to “Guide to the material part and operating of T-54” VI MO USSR, p.8, line 14. The maximum speed at 2000 rpm/min is now 49 km/h.
* Fixed the penetration of the 122mm shell BR-472 of the M62TC T-10M gun. Armour piercing has been increased by 12% on all distances according to “Domestic armored vehicles of the XX century” 1946-1965, volume 3, datasheet 15.
* Ammunition for coupled/coaxial machine guns of the T-10M has been reduced to 450 shells, configured as 9x50 machine gun magazines (the remaining amount of ammunition are not in the magazines and need some time to reload). According to “Guide to the material part and operating of T-10M”. VI MO USSR 1960, p. 109.
* The maximum rate of the fire of the 100mm LB-1 gun for the T-34-100 has been increased up to 5.2 shots per minute, according “Armour collection. History of the T-34” 2003, p. 51. The angle of elevation below level for the gun has been increased to -5°.
* The maximum rate of the fire of the D-10S (SU-100) has been increased up to 5.7 shots per minute.
* The maximum rate of the fire of the KwK43 and PaK43 has been increased up to 7.02 shots per minute.
* Ammunition for the coupled/coaxial machinegun MG3A1 of the Leopard I now use the “tank” tape cartridges with 1000 shells.
* The “Bundeswehr” Decal, and Decal of the “4th Egypt Division” have been moved to the category “neutral”.
* Do.217 (all models) - Flight model has been edited. Overheating has been refined (engine now overheats during emergency power (WEP)). Improved stability in all flight modes. Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated.and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/472 07.07.2015]==

* Improved Client performance.
* Refined automated trimming.
* Fixed a bug that in some instances caused damaged parts of wings to remain in the air.
* Fixed a bug in air events during Arcade ground battles which counted a lost aircraft as a death for the player.
* The incorrect display of the interface for players waiting in a game queue has been fixed.
* A bug where the mouse cursor would return to the middle position by activating map or team statistics display, has been fixed.
* The look of engine flames on jet aircraft have been changed.
* Interface errors in tutorial missions, while using a gamepad, have been fixed.
* A bug, which restricted showing the full battle log after a mission had ended has been fixed.
* Bugs in the interface for vehicle decal applications have been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/473 09.07.2015]==

* An interface bug, where deleted friends would remain visible in the friends list, has been fixed.
* Client stability has been improved.
* Optimizations for physics of destruction on landscape objects like hedges, fences, trees etc, which should recover FPS (mostly noticeable on Finland location).
* PS4: Fixed a bug which prevented the use of sights in test drive for Realistic Battles mode.
* PS4: Added the option of managing binoculars with controller analogue stick.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/474 10.07.2015]==

* Transmission on SPG SU-122-54 and ZSU-57-2 configured the same as the T-54 (the maximum speed of vehicle and the gear ratio)
* Penetration value of 100 mm HEAT projectile ZBK-5 increased from 350 to 380 mm according to "Domestic armored vehicles. The twentieth century. Volume 3 1946-1965 gg. "P.49," Weapons and Tactics of the Soviet Army ".
* Increased likelihood of ricochet at acute angles (less than 25 degrees) for HESH shells.
* Increased likelihood of ricochet for HEAT and HEAT Finned shells at angles of less than 20 degrees.
* Changed position slightly of spawn and capture points on ground vehicles in Kuban to correct the situation where team A wins more often than Team B because of closer location in relation to the spawn points of capture as well as being a good position for covering capture points.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/475 15.07.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.
* Improved behavior of mouse cursor in windowed mode on Linux client.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/476 16.07.2015]==

* For all self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicles, the visibility in sniper mode has been increased.
* M4A3 105: Track guard thickness has been changed from 25.4mm to 9.5mm.
* The thickness of twin machine guns on the BT series, T-34, KV and IS ground vehicles has been fixed.
* Track guard thickness for the T-34 series has been fixed: On earlier models (1940-1941) to 13mm, on later models to 20mm.
* The turret rotation speed of the T-10M has been increased to 17° according to “Domestic armored vehicles 1945-1965”, volume 3, p.56. Increased the cannon’s vertical guidance speed for better simulation of stabiliser work.
* Excessive penetration of explosive effect for all armour-piercing shells has been reduced. Previously, it was possible to hit enemy tanks through the bottom armour plate or track guards without actual penetration.
* Reduced the effectiveness of APDS shells when hitting an armour plate inclined at more than 60 degrees.
* Reduced the effectiveness of APHE shells: The amount of secondary fragments caused by spalling has been reduced by 15% and the penetration of these fragments has been reduced as well. Thus, fuel tanks and other internal modules can now intercept these secondary fragments.

Changes to ‘Enduring Confrontation’ mode (available at the start of the next test):

* Added a new mission to Enduring Confrontation: ‘Ruhr’.
* A new objective/scenario has been added: ‘Bomber Escort’.
* The hitpoints of bases have been slightly increased.
* The respawn time of bases has been increased from 10 seconds to 2 minutes.
* The speed of recon aircraft is now limited to 350 km/h. Before this patch, it was possible for them to reach a speed of up to 600 km/h, making it too difficult to detect and shoot them down.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/477 21.07.2015]==

* Improvements and fixes have been made to the interface.
* Fixed a problem which caused a loss of control while rolling with multi-engine aircraft, when ailerons and wings were damaged.
* Added a new parameter: “Automatic flaps control”, to the instructor settings.
* Added the display of armour-piercing shell penetration values for aircraft.
* Added the display of modification improvement descriptions for ground vehicles.
* Fixed surges in engine power caused by switching compressor gears.
* Fixed pitch handling problems in several aircraft when the setting “simplified joystick” is enabled in the “simplified controlling” mode.
* Fixed a bug where the damage cam displayed modules incorrectly (in yellow colour).
* Fixed an incorrect response caused by damaging the fuel tanks and ammunition load with secondary fragments. It was possible that these modules wouldn’t catch fire or wouldn’t explode by damage from secondary fragments in some situations.
* Fixed the display of damage shown for enemies during hitcam playback. Now it shows the status of the modules after the last hit. (Previously it only displayed the relative damage of the last hit).
* Fixed lack of shell explosions inside vehicles during a hit and in deathcam, if the vehicle was destroyed by other destroying shell factors (secondary fragments or direct contact with a crew member).
* The correct distribution of ammo pack for BT-5, BT-7, SU-100, SU-122P, SU-76М, Т-34-100 has been introduced.
* Fixed a bug with resetting the reloading process by hitting the gunner, and the lack of resetting the reloading process by hitting the tank loader.
* Fixed the colour of the winter camouflage for the KV-1 with the KwK-40 cannon.
* Balance changes have taken effect on “Normandy” and “Kuban”.
* The errors during the ground vehicles tutorial have been fixed.
* Refined the weight of the Browning M3 shells.
* Increased the altitude where clouds begin to form for all game modes.
* Fixes and changes have been applied to the following aircraft models: Bf.109 (all models), Fw.190A-1, Fw.190A-4, Fw.190A-5, I-16 typ 5, Ki-43, Mosquito FB Mk.XVIII, Tempest MK2, Yak-9M, B7A2, A-36, Pe-2-83, Pе-3 (all models).
* Fixes and changes have been applied to the following ground vehicle models: KV-1B 756(r), Leopard I, Ferdinand, 10,5cm Tiger II, Pz.Bfw.VI (P), T-10M, IS-2 1944, IS-2 Avenger, SU-100Y, СМК, Т-26-5, Т-35, Т-34-100, М47.
* For the T-10M, the anti-aircraft machine gun has been enabled.
* New sounds have been introduced for the KPVT machine gun.
* New sounds have been introduced for the L7 and M68 cannons.
* Changed fuel consumption levels on the following A6M aircraft:
* A6M2N - flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 2 hours
* A6M2/model 11 - flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 1 hour 40 minutes
* A5M3 - flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 1 hour 08 minutes
* A6M3 model 22/model 22 Ko - flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 1 hour 24 minutes
* A6M5 Ko/Otsu - flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 1 hour 24 minutes
* Refined the fuselage polar for: Yak-1/1-B/7-B/9-P, Т, M, K, U, UT.
* P-47-D-25/28 - Changed fuel consumption level. Flight time with a full fuel tank and 100% throttle: 1 hour 17 minutes.
* Hе.112 V-5/А-0 - Refined the fuselage polar, cockpit lights added.
* I-301, LaGG-3 (all models) - Refined the fuselage polar and tail assembly (exchange rate stability was improved).
* La (all models except jets) - Refined the fuselage polar and tail assembly (exchange rate stability was improved).
* F-82E - improved handling at high speeds.
* Il-10 (all models) - Specified the calculation for the airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations.
* Bug which allow ground travel outside the minimap on location “Kuban” has been fixed.
* Fixed a bug, where in the game mode “Break” was possible to respawn on the rocks.
* Fixed errors related to joining to “Enduring Confrontation” session that is in progress.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/478 23.07.2015]==

* LINUX: window stuck in fullscreen has been fixed.
* RENDER: disappearing snow in tank locations has been fixed.
* RENDER: ground vehicle rendering in simulator mode has been fixed.
* Carpathians: The reward for additional tasks has been reduced (-10% ticket points from enemy team).
* Kursk: A bug in “Conquest” mode, which initiated the activation of the wrong missions in “Realistic Battles” mode and “Simulator Battles” has been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/479 24.07.2015]==

* Camouflages for the SU-122-54 and for the premium M46 have been added.
* Ground vehicle engine and transmission repairs have been fixed. From now on, all damage which affect the mobility of the vehicle can be repaired if the repair kit has been researched. Previously, some damage may have been able to affect the engine or transmission, without the ability to repair it.
* The ‘behind armour effect’ and the effect on sloped armour for some aircraft armour-piercing rounds and armour-piercing composite rounds have been fixed.
* The ‘behind armour effect’ of sabot shells (type APCR) has been slightly reduced. The parameters of secondary fragments from more powerful post-war shells with detachable trays (type APDS) were previously used incorrectly.
* New “[https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/802 Drill Squadrons]” with limited functionality, but with the possibility to participate in squadron battles, have been introduced.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/480 31.07.2015]==

* The Linux Launcher has been released | [https://yupmaster.gaijinent.com/launcher/current.php?id=WarThunderLauncherLinux Download Here]
* Various rare issues when logging in have been fixed.
* Some errors on Windows 10 have been fixed.
* Some errors on Linux have been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/481 04.08.2015]==

* T-10M armour has been fixed: turret ring hole’s diameter was larger than inner wall of the turret so tank’s crew and modules could have been damaged by spall fragments if hit under the turret
* The error with camouflage on the USSR premium M4A2 has been fixed.
* The bug with coaxial machine gun on Maus has been fixed. it was impossible to aim the machine gun vertically.
* Fixed the types of 90mm shells for T33 and T43 from armour-piercing with ballistic and armour-piercing caps to sharp armour-piercing shells. According to Pershing: A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series. R. P. Hunnicutt. Armor-piercing ammunition for Gun, 90mm, M3.
* Roll function on P-51D-5 with a dead engine will remain controllable.
* Wingmen in ‘Tactical control’ single missions will use bombs and rockets if the player cannot switch to another wingman.
* Rocket powered engines will now be able to restart in the air.
* When fuel is overfilled, fuel counter will not show negative values.
* Various issues when reconnecting to ‘Enduring Confrontation’ session have been fixed
* User localizations sometimes not loading properly has been fixed
* D, 520/521 - Refined fuselage polar and tail assembly (exchange rate stability has been improved). Improved handling at high speeds. Improved stability whilst in a vertical dive.
* ХР-50 - Improved handling at high speeds. Improved stability whilst in a vertical dive. Geometrical and weight parameters of tail assembly have been specified.
* Havok Mk.1 - Specified calculation for airflow on the horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Improved handling in all flight modes. Improved the operation of automatic engine control.
* DB-7 - Specified the calculation for the airflow on horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Improved handling in all flight modes. Improved the operation of automatic engine control.
* Boston Mk.1 - Specified the calculation for the airflow on horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. Improved handling in all flight modes. Improved the operation of automatic engine control. Installed Pratt & Whitney R-1830-S3C4-G engine.
* PBY-5/5a - The intermittent error where a tendency of pitching the nose upwards periodically when the rudder or stabilizator were lost has been fixed.
* Ki-43 (all models) - Specified the calculation for the airflow on horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations.
* Fury MkI - Installed Kestrel IIs engine. Flight model has been completely reworked. Size, weight, and restrictions on control have been edited (vertical dive, overload, chassis durability). Wing and profile have been recalculated. Specified the calculation for the airflow on horizontal tail surfaces, Inertia calculations updated.and damped in all axes. Edited inertia calculations. .
* Do-17E1 - Specified the parameters of the BMW VI engine. Installed propellers with fixed pitch.
* P-26 (all models) - Applied new calculation for airflow on horizontal tail surfaces. Inertia calculations updated and CG-position dependant on how much fuel is being carried. Specified climbing parameters.
* P-36 (all models) - Flight model has been completely reworked. Recalculated the power characteristics of the engine (exactly conforms to prototype), improved handling on all flight modes and types. Fixed “jerking” on mouse aiming.
* P-51/Мк.-1 - supply fuel tank added. In the inverted position the flight is limited to 10 seconds. Refined wing focuses (aerodynamic centre).
* A-36 - supply fuel tank added. In the inverted position the flight is limited to 10 seconds. Refined the wing focuses (aerodynamic centre). Specified the focus offset when releasing air brakes as well as their resistance.
* P-51-D (all models) - supply fuel tank added.. In the inverted position the flight is limited to 10 seconds. Slightly reduced likelihood of engine overheating.
* Il-28 - Refined balance and model of the airflow, increased negative destructive overload up to -4G (weight with full fuel tanks without bombs).
* Vampire FB.5 / Venom FB.4 - Refined balance, model of the airflow and inertia calculations.
* Icons added to battle log messages

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/482 06.08.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/483 07.08.2015]==

* A bug when small secondary shards and cumulative jet could pierce through crew member has been fixed (secondary shards with low penetration can no longer pierce through several crew members sitting in line).

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/484 10.08.2015]==

* A bug where AI torpedo bombers didn't drop torpedoes and failed to destroy enemy ships has been fixed;
* Font in Battle Log has been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/485 13.08.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved;
* Fixed a rare issue that led to the Squadron Tag not being displayed for some players;
* Fixed a bug on Mozdok which made it possible for a spawn point to appear outside the minimap area;
* Fix a bug when calling an artillery strike on the map with gamepad controls.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/486 21.08.2015]==

* Reduced the maximum fire rate of the F-34, ZIS-5 and ZIS-3 cannons from 10.8 to 8.7 shots per minute.
* Reduced the maximum fire rate of the L-11 canon from 9.6 to 8.4 shots per minute.
* Reduced the maximum fire rate of the T-34 1942 from 11.7 to 9.3 shots per minute.
* Increased the ‘behind armour effect’ of secondary fragments when armour-piercing shells penetrate.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/487 25.08.2015]==

* Several stability errors have been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/488 01.09.2015]==

* Windows: A crash that occurred while using the AMD Gaming Evolved Client in some configurations has been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/489 02.09.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/490 23.09.2015]==

* Quantitative Matchmaking as described in our [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/821 Developer's Blog] has been enabled for the following BR brackets:
** Tanks: 6.7 - 7.7 and 7.0-7.7
** Aircraft: 6.7 - 7.7 and 7.0 - 8.0 and 7.3 - 8.3
** There is a limit of 4 top vehicles per team, except for the BR 7.0 - 7.7 bracket, where it is 6.
* The Battle Ratings have been updated to work with Quantitative Matchmaking. Details in the forum.
* Similar Premium and regular vehicles will now share the same Battle Rating based on their combined performance data.
* The Economy has been updated. Details in the forum.
* The shell type BR-471D has been added for the following vehicles: IS-2 "Revenge", IS-2 Mod. 1944, SU-122P

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/491 25.09.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/492 07.10.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.
* Fixed sound effect when ground vehicles collide with trees and bushes.
* Error, which could lead to micro lags at the start of ground battles on PC’s with low performance, has been fixed.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/493 08.10.2015]==

* An error which caused problems while downloading files for a client update has been fixed.

===[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/494 Global changes for Matchmaking]===
[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/270236-planned-changes-to-br-and-mm/ Not so long ago, we announced a new intended feature in matchmaking], this would allow us to limit the amount of specific vehicles in battles. The rule has been tested in battles with ground vehicles and aircraft at higher ranks and proved itself robust. It gives the players an opportunity to engage in much more comfortable battles and meet many enemies at closer ranks and BR’s.

Now we are announcing an important change in battles at all ranks for ground vehicles and for aircraft!

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/495 13.10.2015]==

* Compensation issued for removed/changed engine injection modification (thanks to Jorge_Too for the report).

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/496 19.10.2015]==
Changes in the operation of modification “new boosters” in jets for the following aircraft:

* MiG-15, Canberra B.2, Canberra B.6, B-57A, Il-28 - Modification “new boosters” has been removed. These aircraft use conventional control rods and cables or hydraulic actuators for the operation of control surfaces.
* MiG-15bis, MiG-15bis (GER), La-15, La-174, F9F-2, F9F-5, F-84B, Venom FB4, F-80A, F-80C, F2H-2 - modification “new boosters” affects the speed of roll control only as hydraulic actuators in these aircraft were installed in the aileron mechanism.
* In the the F-86 series, the effect of the modification "new boosters" improves handling for roll and pitch - hydraulic actuators were installed only on the ailerons and elevators.
* The research points and game currency spent on research of removed modules will be compensated.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/497 22.10.2015]==

* Steam Controller support has been added.

==[https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/498 27.10.2015]==

* Client stability has been improved.

{{Updates}}

[[Category:Updates]]

Update 1.39

2021-09-12T18:32:45Z

U73853576:

[[File:Wallpaper Update1.39.jpg|569x569px|border|right]]{{DISPLAYTITLE:Update 1.39}}

[https://warthunder.com/en/news/537--en Update 1.39] ([https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/331 changelog]) was introduced on 15 April 2014. It is most notable for adding a number of new vehicles to the game, as well as introducing custom content, such as [[Custom skins]] and [[War Thunder CDK]].

__TOC__

=New Vehicles=
==Aircraft==
===USA===

* [[F-80A-5|F-80A Shooting Star]]
* [[F-82E|F-82E Twin Mustang]]
* [[F-84B-26|F-84B Thunderjet]]
* [[F4U-1A (USMC)|F4U-1A USMC]]

===Germany===

* [[Fw 190 A-1]]
* [[MiG-15bis (Germany)|MiG-15bis of GDR]]
* [[CL-13A Mk 5|Canadair CL-13A Sabre Mk.5 of Luftwaffe]]
* [[Me 262 C-1a]]
* [[Do 217 N-2]]

===USSR===

* [[La-15]]
* [[I-16 type 24]]
* [[I-16 type 27]]
* [[La-174]] (special, available for a limited time)
* [[Spitfire Mk IXc (USSR)|Spitfire Mk IX]] (special, premium, available for a limited time)

===Great Britain===

* [[Spitfire F Mk 22]] (flight model not finished yet)
* [[Spitfire F Mk 24]] (flight model not finished yet)
* [[Mosquito FB Mk XVIII|Mosquito Mk XVII]]
* [[Avenger Mk II (Great Britain)|Avenger Mk.1]] (Premium)

===Japan===

* [[F-86F-30 (Japan)|F-86 F-30 of the Japanese Self-Defence forces]]
* [[A6M2 mod. 11]]

=Game Changes=
==Major additions==

* New aircraft and missions
* Squadron battles in Events mode, squadron duel rating
* Players’ rating (“ladder”)
* User generated content support
* Progression system has been adjusted: new aircraft of the same rank take less time to unlock
* “Schräge Musik” available
* Separate fire control for the weapons of different calibres
* Significant improvements for AI behaviour
* Player stats and leaderboards will be reset to zero when the update comes out, but your stats will be restored in the next few days.Ground Forces events for the CBT players will become available shortly after the update is released.

==Gameplay==

* Squadron events and duel rating of the squadrons (calculated by the ELO system in the squadron battles in the Events mode) - preliminary version for the future Squadron Battles
* Separate fire control for different calibres on the planes. From now on a player can adjust separate controls for MGs and cannons with different calibres, as well as for gun pods on German fighters
* PvP player rating added (“ladder”) based on Silver Lions earned in battles.
* Dynamic campaign available for a squad (temporarily not limited to premium account)
* Record tables significantly reworked - the data should be the same as in profile (leader boards will be updated every day)
* Many of AI improvements
* Bots use FM similar to one of the player - both on undamaged and damaged aircraft
* After attacking ground targets bots can switch to players
* Bots do not go to the end of the map while chasing one another
* Bots use more correct torpedo attacks
* Bots evade air collisions more correctly
* Modifications’ effect on aircraft performance in Arcade Battles is fixed.
* F4F-3 and F4F-4 moved to rank 2

==Economics and progression system==

* Research system and speed to unlock new planes has been changed: to unlock ranks 2, 3, 4 and 5 player has to unlock 6 planes, but RP needed to unlock a new aircraft for ranks 2, 3, 4 and first aircraft of rank 5 is decreased by 25% or more. That means that all planes can be unlocked 25% faster.
* Costs for purchasing all aircraft modifications with Golden Eagles reduced by 5-10%
* RP conversion costs to research planes and modifications reduced by 12.5%
* Rewards for hits and kills reworked (in general they became higher); repair costs (in general) became lower.
* Battle rating adjusted for several planes for better balance ([https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/126766-br-changes-139-full-list/ full list of changes])
** [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/597 See details in the Dev blog]

==Interface==

* Significantly accelerated display of the map and the statistic screen in the battle
* The vehicle screen is reworked (repair/modifications/crew)
* Slightly changed the controls options interface (reset of the control theme to default and selection of the control presets now merged with option helper)
* You now can see player squads during the battle in the statistic screen
* Fixed the queue display in the events
* Added graphics options in the in-game options
* Gained RP display is fixed
* Performance characteristics displayed in game menu updated for certain planes
* Internet radio available from game menu
* Game menu fonts improved

==Graphics and models==

* Significantly optimized render on processors with 2 or less cores
* Improved and accelerated grass rendering
* Improved and optimized particle rendering
* Improved and optimized rendering of the landscape on Dx9/Dx11
* Improved OPENGL render
* Accelerated water rendering
* Accelerated cloud rendering in Dx11 (now not slower than in Dx9)
* New images for loading screens added

==Sound==

* Several errors fixed:
* Multichannel mode fixed;
* Sound when engine stops for Messerschmitt aircraft is synchronized with animation
* Sound added for Mollins M 57mm cannon
* New engine sound for Lancaster Mk.III

==DM changes==

* Engine DM fixed for A5M4, F1M2, Fiat Cr.42, Gladiator Mk.II, He.51 (all modifications), I-15 (all modifications), Nimrod Mk.I, Fury (all modifications), P-26 Peashooter (all modifications);
* Several fire outbreaks that would not go out at high speed fixed
* Correct DM for all new aircraft of the update
* Using flaps at high speed will tear them off
* DM fixed for Ki-102 and Ki-96;
* DM fixed for La-7 and La-7B-20;
* DM fixed for Hs.129B-2, Hs.129B-3;
* DM fixed for He.162A-2 flaps;
* Change in ammo rack or controlling wing guns when wing is torn off depends on where the ammo rack is situated, where guns are situated and where the wing was cut off.

==FM changes==

* Error with incorrect trimmer position at respawn fixed
* Control stiffening with mouse aim control fixed
* Control stiffening with joystick control changed - effective joystick movement range when controls are stiffened is increased

===USA===

* F8F-1 - completely corrected according to datasheets
* F8F-1b - completely corrected according to datasheets
* TBF-1C - adjusted according to data sheet
* Aircraft of F-86, F-80, P-63 series have preliminary adjusted FM. F9F-2 and F9F-5 have preliminary adjusted FM.
* Aerodynamic characteristics and overall controls improved for BTD-1, XP-50, P-38G, B-25
* F4U-1a has correct horizontal speed according to datasheet

===Japan===

* A6M2-N – completely corrected according to datasheets
* A6M2 — completely corrected according to datasheets
* A6M2 mod.22 — corrected according to datasheets
* A6M5 (all modifications) — adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-61 (all modifications) — adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-84 (all modifications) — aircraft power plant errors fixed, FM adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-43 II Hayabusa - completely corrected according to datasheets
* F1M2 - adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-45 - adjusted according to datasheets
* N1K2 -adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-96 - adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-102 otsu - adjusted according to datasheets

===USSR===

* Yak-1b — preliminary corrected according to datasheets
* Yak-9K — preliminary corrected according to datasheets
* Yak-9T — preliminary corrected according to datasheets
* Yak-7b – completely corrected according to datasheets
* MiG-15, MiG-15 bis, Po-2 have preliminary adjusted FM
* I-185 FM for corrected
* IL-2 adjusted according to datasheets
* IL-2M adjusted according to datasheets
* IL-10 adjusted according to datasheets
* LaGG-3-8 i 11 adjusted according to datasheets
* MiG-9 (all modifications) have been preliminary adjusted
* Thermodynamics and roll rate fixed for La-5 and La-7 series

===UK===

* Hurricane Mk.I — completely corrected according to datasheets
* Fury Mk.I – turn time and engine overheat corrected
* All Gloster Meteor aircraft have preliminary adjusted FM
* Polar curve for Tempest Mk. V has been corrected
* Mosquito Fb. Mk 6/18 - adjusted according to datasheets

===Germany===

* FM of Bf.109 of the F- series fixed
* Bf. 110 C-4, Fiat Cr. 42, Me. 262 have preliminary adjusted FM
* FW-190 D overheat fixed

==Modifications and armament==

* Schräge Musik available for aircraft that actually used it (Do.217N-2, Ki-45 tei)
* Anti-g suits added for following fighters:: F9F, F-80, F-84, F-86, Meteor, Vampire, F8F-1, F8F-1b, P-51D-5, P-51D-20NA, P-51D-30
* Weapon reload time for MGs and cannons now depends on calibre, the higher the calibre the longer the reload:
** 7.62 mm - 15 seconds
** 12.7 mm - 20 seconds
** 20 & 23 mm - 40 seconds
** 30 mm - 60 seconds
** 37 mm - 60 seconds
** 45 mm - 60 seconds
** 47 mm - 60 seconds
** 57 mm - 60 seconds
** 75 mm - 60 seconds
** (* given reload time is true for new untrained crews)
* All torpedoes have been tuned according to maximum speed of drop:
** Mk.13 early modifications- 204 km/h
** Mk.13 late modifications - 519 km/h
** Type 9 mod. 2 - 481 km/h
** Type 9 mod. 3 - 648 km/h
** LT F5w - 300 km/h
** 45-36 AH - 250 km/h
** Mk.XII early modifications - 280 km/h
* Torpedo reload speed in arcade lowered from 80 seconds to 60 seconds
* A6M3 mod22 ko - pylon available for research added
* Ki-49 - navy bombs Type 97 replaced with Type 94 army bombs
* Meteor F.8 - 8x RP-3 rockets armament added
* Ki-45 - turret changed from Mg.15 to Type 98, cannon Type 97 replaced with Ho-3
* A6M5 otsu - correct 7.7 MG implemented - Type 97
* Rockets added for Bf.109F-2
* F-86 - MG ammo capacity is fixed - from 425 to 300
* F2A-1 - ammo capacity adjusted. Now it’s 600 rounds for 7.62 mm machine guns and 200 rounds for 12.7 mm machine guns
* BTD-1 - Mk.13 early mod. Is replaced with late mod.
* SM.79 mod. 1936 - side turrets changed: instead of Breda Safat 12.7 to Lewis 7.7
* SM.79 mod. 1943 - ammo capacity for rear turret MGs Breda Safat 12.7 changed from 500 to 350
* F6F-3 - Tiny Tim rockets added
* Do.217 series E, K, M - external pylons and respective bomb load added
* B-17G -external pylons and respective bomb load added
* Armament modifications fixed for DB-7
* Fire rate for MGs fixed for P-47D and P-51D
* Torpedo drop order changed for BTD-1, H6K4, PBY-5 - torpedo drop is separate for both Realistic and Simulator Battle modes
* Modifications’ durability fixed for P-63A-5 (USSR)
* La-9 - has option of separate cannon controls for wing mounted and nose mounted cannon ?
* Rocket armament added for Me.262A-1a
* Cannon pods’ positioning influence on the gun spread fixed
* Ammo fixed for Ki-96’s 37 mm cannon

==Missions and maps==

* New location “Kursk” added:
** 4 single missions for “Kursk”
** Dynamic campaign for “Kursk”
** RB and SB mission [Operation] Kursk added
* Bugs and balance fixes for existing missions New missions added for low ranked aircraft in RB and SB with light vehicles and shorter distances:
** Latish Convoy
** Bastogne
** Honolulu
** Last Battle of Khalkin Gol
** Counteroffensive
** Mozdok
** Yoo Passage
** Port Moresby
** Essen
** Consolidation of positions on Sicily
** Wake Island
** Henan Province
** Single Mission “Misty Coast”

==Misc==

* Support for user generated content
* Support for the user generated skins (only stored and seen on client computer, should be available for all aircraft)
* Support for user created single player missions
* Support for user created locations
* Support for the user created planes
* Support for user localization of the in-game texts

==New decals==

* National flags decals added (194 decals)
* Number decals added (unique for each country)
* "Hell's Belle" pin-up, 401st Bombing Squadron, 91st Bombing Group, 8th Air Force
* "Bomb Babe" pin-up, 866th Bombing Squadron, 494th Bomb Group, 7th Air Force
* "Wolfess" pin-up, 364th Bombing Squadron, 305th Bombing Group, 8th Air Force
* "Blue Sakura" personal victory marking of Saburo Sakai
* Blue-white roundel used by British and Commonwealth aircraft in the Far East
* Squadron Leader Pennant, No.242 Squadron RAF
* Wing Commander Pennant, Royal Air Force
* Personal motif of Pilot Officer 'Willie' McKnight, No.242 Squadron RAF
* "ROYAL NAVY" text applied to the rear fuselage of aircraft from the British Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm
* Flt Lt 'Johnnie' Johnson, No.616 Sqn RAF: "Bader's Bus Company Still Running" in honour of the recently shot down and captured Douglas Bader, summer 1941
* 'Swallow' victory markings of the 12th Kokutai 5, 15, 30 pcs.
* Roundel of the Royal Yugoslav Air Force. 1929-1941

==Historical Board Decal Competition winner decals==

* "Hell's Angel" pin-up by Jej 'CharlieFoxtrot' Ortiz
* "Flying Tiger Gal" pin-up by Colin 'Fenris' Muir
* "Werner Molders' 100th Victory" marking by Mathieu 'Iznogoud' Clairoux
* "Samurai Spirit" pin-up by Colin 'Fenris' Muir
* "The Regal Seagull" pin-up by J. L. 'ColorCopycat' Yeh
* "The Red Banner of Victory" pin-up by J. L. 'ColorCopycat' Yeh

==Additional Changes==

* The Spitfire Mk IX (USA) price has changed to 6900 Golden Eagles
* Battle rating adjusted for several planes for better balance ([https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/126766-br-changes-139-full-list/ full list of changes])

=Smaller updates that came afterwards=
==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/125195-update-15042014-1392901-hotfix/ 15.04.2014]==

* Rare Game client crash fixed.
* Mac client launch bug fixed.

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/126039-update-17042014-139293/ 17.04.2014]==

* Fixed grass growing on the airfield
* Fixed display of unfinished research
* Fixed output in the ratings for arcade
* Fixed crash on Mac OSX
* La-9 guns to the buttons binding corrected (available in settings without reconfiguring 1.37 controls)
* A6M (Zero) - control stiffening changed
* P47-D - reduced roll rate
* Series P-51D - the nominal mode is set to 61 "at 3000 rpm pressurization
* La-5F - updated FM and thermodynamics
* All known airfield bugs are now fixed

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/127333-update-19042014-139299/ 19.04.2014]==

* Several client crashes have been fixed
* MacOS client performance have been improved
* Fixed an issue where water will disappear with shadows turned off
* Fixed several OpenGL render issues
* Browser map has been fixed
* Changed the selection of the available countries interface in Custom Battles
* Changed the appearance of the rewards interface in the player profile
* Fixed Dx11 crashes
* Improved the appearance of the Research Point conversion screen
* Ammo belt description fixed
* Hangar view for Soviet Spitfire fixed

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/128350-update-21042014-1392910/ 21.04.2014]==

* Several client crashes fixed
* Pedal animation in cockpit view for La-15/La-174 fixed
* Rare issue of aircraft's self-explosion in the air fixed

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/128639-update-22042014-1392915/ 22.04.2014]==

* Several client crashes and errors have been fixed
* Fixed rare crash during Steam login
* Fixed terrain rendering on OpenGL renderer
* Fixed outside visuals of the models (small graphical issues based on bugreports)

:* All Fw 190 versions
:* Yak-9P model
:* All Boomerang versions

* Updated cockpit models

:* Cockpit of all Boomerangs
:* A6M2 of all versions
:* Me 163

* Added cockpit for Pe-3bis
* Flight Models

:* MiG-15 rate of roll increased by 6 deg/sec to meet its reference data (86 deg/sec at 600 km/h at 5000 m)
:* F-86 series engines thrust corrected to have more accurate optimal speed in a climb, according to reference data
:* F-86 A-5 elevator stick force increased at higher speeds (as it lacked 'all-flying' tail)

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/129497-update-24042014-1392920/ 24.04.2014]==

* Fixed landscape rendering (lines) on certain graphical settings of AMD videocards.
* Added and changed certain missions in the Realistic Modes (balance fixes and events).
* Many balance fixes have been done to the arcade tank event missions.
* Added possibility to spawn in planes in SB/RB tank events.
* Fixed bridges on the “Ash river” map.
* Flight Models

:* Flight models of Fw 190 (series A, F and D) and Do 217 (N and J) updated (data sheets are published on the forum).
:* Fixed problem of PBY-5a not being able to take-off from water.

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/130120-update-25042014-1392922/ 25.04.2014]==

* Controls help bug fixed
* Crash after battle start fixed
* Crash in “complain” tab fixed
* CBT members have nations Germany and USSR unlocked.
* Bug with “Events” button not displayed fixed
* Disappearance of the tank in spectator mode fixed
* Fixed accuracy of tank cannons in realistic and simulation modes (increased for all the guns, now realistic accuracy is being used without any decreasing modifiers)
* Chance of ricochet for different hit angles with different shell types has been tuned (graphs on the dependence of the ricochet chance from the hit angle will be posted later)
* For tapered shells with a low hit angle, normalization now has a negative value (shell would be deflected away when hitting armour at extreme angles)
* Kinetic damage from armour-piercing shells with a 30mm caliber has been increased, also added a decrease on the penetration to distance calculation to a more accurate performance with player tank damage models (the damage before was calculated based on the simpler damage model of the AI controlled tanks)
* Fixed error in the high-explosive effect of the high-explosive aviation shells on 30mm calibres.
* Improved visual effects of the explosions from the large-caliber (37mm and more) aviation fragmentation shells on the ground.
* Fixed reliability parameter in N-37, the cannon is now able to shoot a whole ammunition load with a single burst without delays in the fire rate.
* Accuracy of the NC-37 has been increased by 30% in non-upgraded version.
* FM:

:* F-86F-25 - preliminary tuning based on data-sheet information
:* I-15-M22 - side drift with realistic controls has been fixed
:* А-20G - Fixed engine start in flight (arcade mode)
:* A-26 - Fixed engine start in flight (arcade mode)
:* A-20 Havoс - Fixed engine start in flight (arcade mode)

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/131830-update-29042014-1392928/ 29.04.2014]==

* Several crashes while using alt+tab have been fixed
* Tank ammo selection fixed
* Infantry rendering speed improved
* Sun rendering in the hangar fixed
* Cloud rendering while driving a tank fixed
* Schräge Musik aim fixed

'''Flight Models'''

:* Ki-84 - mouse aim control fixed for vertical maneuvers
:* А6М - roll time reduced for all modifications, yaw oscillation reduced
:* Bf 109 F (all modifications) spin has been changed, behavior is much more predictable and spin recovery is straight-forward
:* P-38G - turn time increased, climb rate corrected
:* Yak-3/Yak-3P - mouse aim control fixed, esp. for vertical maneuvers such as loops, Immelman etc.
:* А6М2 - Mouse Aim control became more stable, also changed carburetor to float-type.
:* Updates to FM of La-15 and La-174. Changes:
::* Improved rate of roll and rudder authority at higher speed, airspeed limitation set to 900 kmh according to original documentation, airbrake efficiency reduced, thermodynamics
:* New flight models for Ta 152 H-1, Yak-15 and Yak-17
:* Stick forces on F-86F series and MiG-15 (both) reviewed

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/132797-update-01052014-1392939/ 01.05.2014]==
Important

* Landscape rendering on specific computer configurations has been greatly optimised.
* Research System has been changed - now a player can research an aircraft even when the plane before it has not been purchased.
* Disappearing landscape bug has been fixed.
* Fixed kill credit when player aircraft can still be repaired.
* Jagdpanther damage model has been fixed (both standard and also commander-premium version).
* Collision with ground and objects model of the Aufklarungspanzer tank has been fixed.

 
Other

* New tournament map has been added.
* Several client crashes have been fixed.
* Fixed tank shell descriptions.
* Infantry rendering has been optimised.
* Fixed calculation of the tank aim reticle (now it will correctly calculate turret rotation and the barrel position of the targeted vehicle).
* Added screen message about the players tank being set on fire.

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/134975-update-07052014-1392943/ 07.05.2014]==

* Removed Sepia from spectator's mode after tank has been destroyed.
* Fixed several client crashes.
* Promo decals have been added.

{{Updates}}

[[Category:Updates]]

Update 1.39

2021-09-12T18:30:52Z

U73853576: this better looking, rescale the main image of this article. this artile is kind old.

[[File:Wallpaper Update1.39.jpg|569x569px|border|left]]{{DISPLAYTITLE:Update 1.39}}

[https://warthunder.com/en/news/537--en Update 1.39] ([https://warthunder.com/en/game/changelog/current/331 changelog]) was introduced on 15 April 2014. It is most notable for adding a number of new vehicles to the game, as well as introducing custom content, such as [[Custom skins]] and [[War Thunder CDK]].

__TOC__

=New Vehicles=
==Aircraft==
===USA===

* [[F-80A-5|F-80A Shooting Star]]
* [[F-82E|F-82E Twin Mustang]]
* [[F-84B-26|F-84B Thunderjet]]
* [[F4U-1A (USMC)|F4U-1A USMC]]

===Germany===

* [[Fw 190 A-1]]
* [[MiG-15bis (Germany)|MiG-15bis of GDR]]
* [[CL-13A Mk 5|Canadair CL-13A Sabre Mk.5 of Luftwaffe]]
* [[Me 262 C-1a]]
* [[Do 217 N-2]]

===USSR===

* [[La-15]]
* [[I-16 type 24]]
* [[I-16 type 27]]
* [[La-174]] (special, available for a limited time)
* [[Spitfire Mk IXc (USSR)|Spitfire Mk IX]] (special, premium, available for a limited time)

===Great Britain===

* [[Spitfire F Mk 22]] (flight model not finished yet)
* [[Spitfire F Mk 24]] (flight model not finished yet)
* [[Mosquito FB Mk XVIII|Mosquito Mk XVII]]
* [[Avenger Mk II (Great Britain)|Avenger Mk.1]] (Premium)

===Japan===

* [[F-86F-30 (Japan)|F-86 F-30 of the Japanese Self-Defence forces]]
* [[A6M2 mod. 11]]

=Game Changes=
==Major additions==

* New aircraft and missions
* Squadron battles in Events mode, squadron duel rating
* Players’ rating (“ladder”)
* User generated content support
* Progression system has been adjusted: new aircraft of the same rank take less time to unlock
* “Schräge Musik” available
* Separate fire control for the weapons of different calibres
* Significant improvements for AI behaviour
* Player stats and leaderboards will be reset to zero when the update comes out, but your stats will be restored in the next few days.Ground Forces events for the CBT players will become available shortly after the update is released.

==Gameplay==

* Squadron events and duel rating of the squadrons (calculated by the ELO system in the squadron battles in the Events mode) - preliminary version for the future Squadron Battles
* Separate fire control for different calibres on the planes. From now on a player can adjust separate controls for MGs and cannons with different calibres, as well as for gun pods on German fighters
* PvP player rating added (“ladder”) based on Silver Lions earned in battles.
* Dynamic campaign available for a squad (temporarily not limited to premium account)
* Record tables significantly reworked - the data should be the same as in profile (leader boards will be updated every day)
* Many of AI improvements
* Bots use FM similar to one of the player - both on undamaged and damaged aircraft
* After attacking ground targets bots can switch to players
* Bots do not go to the end of the map while chasing one another
* Bots use more correct torpedo attacks
* Bots evade air collisions more correctly
* Modifications’ effect on aircraft performance in Arcade Battles is fixed.
* F4F-3 and F4F-4 moved to rank 2

==Economics and progression system==

* Research system and speed to unlock new planes has been changed: to unlock ranks 2, 3, 4 and 5 player has to unlock 6 planes, but RP needed to unlock a new aircraft for ranks 2, 3, 4 and first aircraft of rank 5 is decreased by 25% or more. That means that all planes can be unlocked 25% faster.
* Costs for purchasing all aircraft modifications with Golden Eagles reduced by 5-10%
* RP conversion costs to research planes and modifications reduced by 12.5%
* Rewards for hits and kills reworked (in general they became higher); repair costs (in general) became lower.
* Battle rating adjusted for several planes for better balance ([https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/126766-br-changes-139-full-list/ full list of changes])
** [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/597 See details in the Dev blog]

==Interface==

* Significantly accelerated display of the map and the statistic screen in the battle
* The vehicle screen is reworked (repair/modifications/crew)
* Slightly changed the controls options interface (reset of the control theme to default and selection of the control presets now merged with option helper)
* You now can see player squads during the battle in the statistic screen
* Fixed the queue display in the events
* Added graphics options in the in-game options
* Gained RP display is fixed
* Performance characteristics displayed in game menu updated for certain planes
* Internet radio available from game menu
* Game menu fonts improved

==Graphics and models==

* Significantly optimized render on processors with 2 or less cores
* Improved and accelerated grass rendering
* Improved and optimized particle rendering
* Improved and optimized rendering of the landscape on Dx9/Dx11
* Improved OPENGL render
* Accelerated water rendering
* Accelerated cloud rendering in Dx11 (now not slower than in Dx9)
* New images for loading screens added

==Sound==

* Several errors fixed:
* Multichannel mode fixed;
* Sound when engine stops for Messerschmitt aircraft is synchronized with animation
* Sound added for Mollins M 57mm cannon
* New engine sound for Lancaster Mk.III

==DM changes==

* Engine DM fixed for A5M4, F1M2, Fiat Cr.42, Gladiator Mk.II, He.51 (all modifications), I-15 (all modifications), Nimrod Mk.I, Fury (all modifications), P-26 Peashooter (all modifications);
* Several fire outbreaks that would not go out at high speed fixed
* Correct DM for all new aircraft of the update
* Using flaps at high speed will tear them off
* DM fixed for Ki-102 and Ki-96;
* DM fixed for La-7 and La-7B-20;
* DM fixed for Hs.129B-2, Hs.129B-3;
* DM fixed for He.162A-2 flaps;
* Change in ammo rack or controlling wing guns when wing is torn off depends on where the ammo rack is situated, where guns are situated and where the wing was cut off.

==FM changes==

* Error with incorrect trimmer position at respawn fixed
* Control stiffening with mouse aim control fixed
* Control stiffening with joystick control changed - effective joystick movement range when controls are stiffened is increased

===USA===

* F8F-1 - completely corrected according to datasheets
* F8F-1b - completely corrected according to datasheets
* TBF-1C - adjusted according to data sheet
* Aircraft of F-86, F-80, P-63 series have preliminary adjusted FM. F9F-2 and F9F-5 have preliminary adjusted FM.
* Aerodynamic characteristics and overall controls improved for BTD-1, XP-50, P-38G, B-25
* F4U-1a has correct horizontal speed according to datasheet

===Japan===

* A6M2-N – completely corrected according to datasheets
* A6M2 — completely corrected according to datasheets
* A6M2 mod.22 — corrected according to datasheets
* A6M5 (all modifications) — adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-61 (all modifications) — adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-84 (all modifications) — aircraft power plant errors fixed, FM adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-43 II Hayabusa - completely corrected according to datasheets
* F1M2 - adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-45 - adjusted according to datasheets
* N1K2 -adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-96 - adjusted according to datasheets
* Ki-102 otsu - adjusted according to datasheets

===USSR===

* Yak-1b — preliminary corrected according to datasheets
* Yak-9K — preliminary corrected according to datasheets
* Yak-9T — preliminary corrected according to datasheets
* Yak-7b – completely corrected according to datasheets
* MiG-15, MiG-15 bis, Po-2 have preliminary adjusted FM
* I-185 FM for corrected
* IL-2 adjusted according to datasheets
* IL-2M adjusted according to datasheets
* IL-10 adjusted according to datasheets
* LaGG-3-8 i 11 adjusted according to datasheets
* MiG-9 (all modifications) have been preliminary adjusted
* Thermodynamics and roll rate fixed for La-5 and La-7 series

===UK===

* Hurricane Mk.I — completely corrected according to datasheets
* Fury Mk.I – turn time and engine overheat corrected
* All Gloster Meteor aircraft have preliminary adjusted FM
* Polar curve for Tempest Mk. V has been corrected
* Mosquito Fb. Mk 6/18 - adjusted according to datasheets

===Germany===

* FM of Bf.109 of the F- series fixed
* Bf. 110 C-4, Fiat Cr. 42, Me. 262 have preliminary adjusted FM
* FW-190 D overheat fixed

==Modifications and armament==

* Schräge Musik available for aircraft that actually used it (Do.217N-2, Ki-45 tei)
* Anti-g suits added for following fighters:: F9F, F-80, F-84, F-86, Meteor, Vampire, F8F-1, F8F-1b, P-51D-5, P-51D-20NA, P-51D-30
* Weapon reload time for MGs and cannons now depends on calibre, the higher the calibre the longer the reload:
** 7.62 mm - 15 seconds
** 12.7 mm - 20 seconds
** 20 & 23 mm - 40 seconds
** 30 mm - 60 seconds
** 37 mm - 60 seconds
** 45 mm - 60 seconds
** 47 mm - 60 seconds
** 57 mm - 60 seconds
** 75 mm - 60 seconds
** (* given reload time is true for new untrained crews)
* All torpedoes have been tuned according to maximum speed of drop:
** Mk.13 early modifications- 204 km/h
** Mk.13 late modifications - 519 km/h
** Type 9 mod. 2 - 481 km/h
** Type 9 mod. 3 - 648 km/h
** LT F5w - 300 km/h
** 45-36 AH - 250 km/h
** Mk.XII early modifications - 280 km/h
* Torpedo reload speed in arcade lowered from 80 seconds to 60 seconds
* A6M3 mod22 ko - pylon available for research added
* Ki-49 - navy bombs Type 97 replaced with Type 94 army bombs
* Meteor F.8 - 8x RP-3 rockets armament added
* Ki-45 - turret changed from Mg.15 to Type 98, cannon Type 97 replaced with Ho-3
* A6M5 otsu - correct 7.7 MG implemented - Type 97
* Rockets added for Bf.109F-2
* F-86 - MG ammo capacity is fixed - from 425 to 300
* F2A-1 - ammo capacity adjusted. Now it’s 600 rounds for 7.62 mm machine guns and 200 rounds for 12.7 mm machine guns
* BTD-1 - Mk.13 early mod. Is replaced with late mod.
* SM.79 mod. 1936 - side turrets changed: instead of Breda Safat 12.7 to Lewis 7.7
* SM.79 mod. 1943 - ammo capacity for rear turret MGs Breda Safat 12.7 changed from 500 to 350
* F6F-3 - Tiny Tim rockets added
* Do.217 series E, K, M - external pylons and respective bomb load added
* B-17G -external pylons and respective bomb load added
* Armament modifications fixed for DB-7
* Fire rate for MGs fixed for P-47D and P-51D
* Torpedo drop order changed for BTD-1, H6K4, PBY-5 - torpedo drop is separate for both Realistic and Simulator Battle modes
* Modifications’ durability fixed for P-63A-5 (USSR)
* La-9 - has option of separate cannon controls for wing mounted and nose mounted cannon ?
* Rocket armament added for Me.262A-1a
* Cannon pods’ positioning influence on the gun spread fixed
* Ammo fixed for Ki-96’s 37 mm cannon

==Missions and maps==

* New location “Kursk” added:
** 4 single missions for “Kursk”
** Dynamic campaign for “Kursk”
** RB and SB mission [Operation] Kursk added
* Bugs and balance fixes for existing missions New missions added for low ranked aircraft in RB and SB with light vehicles and shorter distances:
** Latish Convoy
** Bastogne
** Honolulu
** Last Battle of Khalkin Gol
** Counteroffensive
** Mozdok
** Yoo Passage
** Port Moresby
** Essen
** Consolidation of positions on Sicily
** Wake Island
** Henan Province
** Single Mission “Misty Coast”

==Misc==

* Support for user generated content
* Support for the user generated skins (only stored and seen on client computer, should be available for all aircraft)
* Support for user created single player missions
* Support for user created locations
* Support for the user created planes
* Support for user localization of the in-game texts

==New decals==

* National flags decals added (194 decals)
* Number decals added (unique for each country)
* "Hell's Belle" pin-up, 401st Bombing Squadron, 91st Bombing Group, 8th Air Force
* "Bomb Babe" pin-up, 866th Bombing Squadron, 494th Bomb Group, 7th Air Force
* "Wolfess" pin-up, 364th Bombing Squadron, 305th Bombing Group, 8th Air Force
* "Blue Sakura" personal victory marking of Saburo Sakai
* Blue-white roundel used by British and Commonwealth aircraft in the Far East
* Squadron Leader Pennant, No.242 Squadron RAF
* Wing Commander Pennant, Royal Air Force
* Personal motif of Pilot Officer 'Willie' McKnight, No.242 Squadron RAF
* "ROYAL NAVY" text applied to the rear fuselage of aircraft from the British Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm
* Flt Lt 'Johnnie' Johnson, No.616 Sqn RAF: "Bader's Bus Company Still Running" in honour of the recently shot down and captured Douglas Bader, summer 1941
* 'Swallow' victory markings of the 12th Kokutai 5, 15, 30 pcs.
* Roundel of the Royal Yugoslav Air Force. 1929-1941

==Historical Board Decal Competition winner decals==

* "Hell's Angel" pin-up by Jej 'CharlieFoxtrot' Ortiz
* "Flying Tiger Gal" pin-up by Colin 'Fenris' Muir
* "Werner Molders' 100th Victory" marking by Mathieu 'Iznogoud' Clairoux
* "Samurai Spirit" pin-up by Colin 'Fenris' Muir
* "The Regal Seagull" pin-up by J. L. 'ColorCopycat' Yeh
* "The Red Banner of Victory" pin-up by J. L. 'ColorCopycat' Yeh

==Additional Changes==

* The Spitfire Mk IX (USA) price has changed to 6900 Golden Eagles
* Battle rating adjusted for several planes for better balance ([https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/126766-br-changes-139-full-list/ full list of changes])

=Smaller updates that came afterwards=
==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/125195-update-15042014-1392901-hotfix/ 15.04.2014]==

* Rare Game client crash fixed.
* Mac client launch bug fixed.

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/126039-update-17042014-139293/ 17.04.2014]==

* Fixed grass growing on the airfield
* Fixed display of unfinished research
* Fixed output in the ratings for arcade
* Fixed crash on Mac OSX
* La-9 guns to the buttons binding corrected (available in settings without reconfiguring 1.37 controls)
* A6M (Zero) - control stiffening changed
* P47-D - reduced roll rate
* Series P-51D - the nominal mode is set to 61 "at 3000 rpm pressurization
* La-5F - updated FM and thermodynamics
* All known airfield bugs are now fixed

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/127333-update-19042014-139299/ 19.04.2014]==

* Several client crashes have been fixed
* MacOS client performance have been improved
* Fixed an issue where water will disappear with shadows turned off
* Fixed several OpenGL render issues
* Browser map has been fixed
* Changed the selection of the available countries interface in Custom Battles
* Changed the appearance of the rewards interface in the player profile
* Fixed Dx11 crashes
* Improved the appearance of the Research Point conversion screen
* Ammo belt description fixed
* Hangar view for Soviet Spitfire fixed

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/128350-update-21042014-1392910/ 21.04.2014]==

* Several client crashes fixed
* Pedal animation in cockpit view for La-15/La-174 fixed
* Rare issue of aircraft's self-explosion in the air fixed

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/128639-update-22042014-1392915/ 22.04.2014]==

* Several client crashes and errors have been fixed
* Fixed rare crash during Steam login
* Fixed terrain rendering on OpenGL renderer
* Fixed outside visuals of the models (small graphical issues based on bugreports)

:* All Fw 190 versions
:* Yak-9P model
:* All Boomerang versions

* Updated cockpit models

:* Cockpit of all Boomerangs
:* A6M2 of all versions
:* Me 163

* Added cockpit for Pe-3bis
* Flight Models

:* MiG-15 rate of roll increased by 6 deg/sec to meet its reference data (86 deg/sec at 600 km/h at 5000 m)
:* F-86 series engines thrust corrected to have more accurate optimal speed in a climb, according to reference data
:* F-86 A-5 elevator stick force increased at higher speeds (as it lacked 'all-flying' tail)

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/129497-update-24042014-1392920/ 24.04.2014]==

* Fixed landscape rendering (lines) on certain graphical settings of AMD videocards.
* Added and changed certain missions in the Realistic Modes (balance fixes and events).
* Many balance fixes have been done to the arcade tank event missions.
* Added possibility to spawn in planes in SB/RB tank events.
* Fixed bridges on the “Ash river” map.
* Flight Models

:* Flight models of Fw 190 (series A, F and D) and Do 217 (N and J) updated (data sheets are published on the forum).
:* Fixed problem of PBY-5a not being able to take-off from water.

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/130120-update-25042014-1392922/ 25.04.2014]==

* Controls help bug fixed
* Crash after battle start fixed
* Crash in “complain” tab fixed
* CBT members have nations Germany and USSR unlocked.
* Bug with “Events” button not displayed fixed
* Disappearance of the tank in spectator mode fixed
* Fixed accuracy of tank cannons in realistic and simulation modes (increased for all the guns, now realistic accuracy is being used without any decreasing modifiers)
* Chance of ricochet for different hit angles with different shell types has been tuned (graphs on the dependence of the ricochet chance from the hit angle will be posted later)
* For tapered shells with a low hit angle, normalization now has a negative value (shell would be deflected away when hitting armour at extreme angles)
* Kinetic damage from armour-piercing shells with a 30mm caliber has been increased, also added a decrease on the penetration to distance calculation to a more accurate performance with player tank damage models (the damage before was calculated based on the simpler damage model of the AI controlled tanks)
* Fixed error in the high-explosive effect of the high-explosive aviation shells on 30mm calibres.
* Improved visual effects of the explosions from the large-caliber (37mm and more) aviation fragmentation shells on the ground.
* Fixed reliability parameter in N-37, the cannon is now able to shoot a whole ammunition load with a single burst without delays in the fire rate.
* Accuracy of the NC-37 has been increased by 30% in non-upgraded version.
* FM:

:* F-86F-25 - preliminary tuning based on data-sheet information
:* I-15-M22 - side drift with realistic controls has been fixed
:* А-20G - Fixed engine start in flight (arcade mode)
:* A-26 - Fixed engine start in flight (arcade mode)
:* A-20 Havoс - Fixed engine start in flight (arcade mode)

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/131830-update-29042014-1392928/ 29.04.2014]==

* Several crashes while using alt+tab have been fixed
* Tank ammo selection fixed
* Infantry rendering speed improved
* Sun rendering in the hangar fixed
* Cloud rendering while driving a tank fixed
* Schräge Musik aim fixed

'''Flight Models'''

:* Ki-84 - mouse aim control fixed for vertical maneuvers
:* А6М - roll time reduced for all modifications, yaw oscillation reduced
:* Bf 109 F (all modifications) spin has been changed, behavior is much more predictable and spin recovery is straight-forward
:* P-38G - turn time increased, climb rate corrected
:* Yak-3/Yak-3P - mouse aim control fixed, esp. for vertical maneuvers such as loops, Immelman etc.
:* А6М2 - Mouse Aim control became more stable, also changed carburetor to float-type.
:* Updates to FM of La-15 and La-174. Changes:
::* Improved rate of roll and rudder authority at higher speed, airspeed limitation set to 900 kmh according to original documentation, airbrake efficiency reduced, thermodynamics
:* New flight models for Ta 152 H-1, Yak-15 and Yak-17
:* Stick forces on F-86F series and MiG-15 (both) reviewed

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/132797-update-01052014-1392939/ 01.05.2014]==
Important

* Landscape rendering on specific computer configurations has been greatly optimised.
* Research System has been changed - now a player can research an aircraft even when the plane before it has not been purchased.
* Disappearing landscape bug has been fixed.
* Fixed kill credit when player aircraft can still be repaired.
* Jagdpanther damage model has been fixed (both standard and also commander-premium version).
* Collision with ground and objects model of the Aufklarungspanzer tank has been fixed.

 
Other

* New tournament map has been added.
* Several client crashes have been fixed.
* Fixed tank shell descriptions.
* Infantry rendering has been optimised.
* Fixed calculation of the tank aim reticle (now it will correctly calculate turret rotation and the barrel position of the targeted vehicle).
* Added screen message about the players tank being set on fire.

==[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/134975-update-07052014-1392943/ 07.05.2014]==

* Removed Sepia from spectator's mode after tank has been destroyed.
* Fixed several client crashes.
* Promo decals have been added.

{{Updates}}

[[Category:Updates]]

Talk:Merkava Mk.3D (USA)

2021-08-28T20:38:42Z

U73853576: Created page with "hello, currently for all gamemodes, all BRs are 10.3.. i cant fix it, but you can i think.. ~~~~"

hello, currently for all gamemodes, all BRs are 10.3.. i cant fix it, but you can i think.. [[User:U73853576|U73853576]] ([[User talk:U73853576|talk]]) 20:38, 28 August 2021 (UTC)

Strv 103C

2021-07-14T13:58:26Z

U73853576: gun is no longer to hard aim, look: https://warthunder.com/en/news/7241-it-s-fixed-13-en

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_103c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

The Stridsvagn 103C is a final production variant of the S-tank family. This modification includes modern improvements in all areas, giving the tank access to increased mobility, survivability, and firepower.

== General info ==
The {{PAGENAME}} is a Swedish MBT with a unique design compared to all other tanks of the same era. The S-tank, as it is more commonly known, makes use of the hull to direct fire at various targets. This feature requires the unique "Enable Hull aiming" key, which turns the tank from its regular cruising mode, into a fixed turret, capable of aiming wherever the player points their cursor. The reason the {{PAGENAME}} made use of hull-aimed weaponry becomes apparent when looking at the armour. The {{PAGENAME}} has armour sloped back more than 75 degrees, giving it strong frontal protection, with a high likelihood of causing enemy shells to ricochet. Another luxury a hull-fixed gun offers is the use of an automatic loading system. The {{PAGENAME}} can fire its main 105mm cannon every four seconds, no matter the amount of crewmen left. Paired with high mobility, and the {{PAGENAME}} becomes one of the most unique main-battle tanks in the game. With a bit of ingenuity and patience, the {{PAGENAME}} works at all ranges, in almost all conditions imaginable.

This isn't to say the {{PAGENAME}} is without flaws. The tank is incredibly vulnerable to flanking maneuvers, as the side and rear have a thickness of 30mm. It usually doesn't matter what kind of vehicle gets behind the {{PAGENAME}}, as even SPAA has no issues penetrating the tank. The gun is also filled with drawbacks, especially relating to the aiming. Due to hull-aiming relying on the ground below it, aiming becomes increasingly difficult on uneven terrain as the tank tries to compensate for things in the way. This results in shaky, and highly inaccurate aiming at longer ranges. The tracking is also bad, as the tank finds it difficult to adjust the speed at which it steers neutrally. This requires a {{PAGENAME}} tanker to wait for the target to cross its line of sight, instead of following it along its path. The armour is incredibly weak against APFSDS rounds and ATGM missiles. These usually have enough penetration to knock the tank out in a single blow, exploding the ammunition in the rear as a final touch. As these types of munitions are quite common at this tier, the {{PAGENAME}} can't rely on armour against most opponents on the battlefield. A positive is that weaker types of munitions usually can't reach the crew compartment, resulting in the {{PAGENAME}} surviving 3-5 shells before dying from engine fires.

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
'''External survivability'''

The {{PAGENAME}} is outfitted with incredible frontal protection. This strong impenetrability isn't thanks to composite, but rather sloping. The {{PAGENAME}} has an incredible frontal slope of over 75 degrees. This results in a lot of ricochets from outdated types of munition, which lack significant velocity to damage the tank. Chemical rounds, which penetrate high amounts independent of velocity, have a higher likelihood of penetrating the vehicle. These shells don't bounce off as easily, while still carrying large penetration values. In order to counter this, the {{PAGENAME}} was outfitted with a unique external armour package. Commonly referred to as a "HEAT fence", the {{PAGENAME}} is able to counter upper-plate detonations by fusing them ahead of the armour itself. This hinders chemical rounds from causing heavy post-penetration damages, which increases frontal impenetrability. The lower plate has also been strengthened by the introduction of a dozer blade. This adds an extra 20mm of angled armour, which comes handy against stronger types of munition. The sides have also been slightly enhanced by the introduction of 5mm fuel-canisters acting as side skirts.

'''Internal survivability'''

Once a shell penetrates the vehicle, the {{PAGENAME}} has to rely on its layout. Since the S-tank is entirely hull-designed, everything is incredibly compact to accommodate its varying features. The engine is placed at the front of the vehicle, followed by the crew compartment and lastly ammunition storage. When a frontal penetration occurs, a tanker can consider these compartments as varying grades of damage. Engine penetrations are usually fine, as the only way to take the tank out is by igniting it several times. Shells reaching the crew compartment can be severe, as the tank only has 3 members. Thanks to the last-stand feature, only one member needs to be alive. This can result in a lot of tanked hits, since it's difficult for the enemy to locate which member is still left. Finally, the {{PAGENAME}} is usually destroyed in a single hit if the post-penetration is strong enough to reach the rear ammunition storage. A tanker can still luck out if the shell penetrates the left-side when carrying 26 rounds, as only the right side will be filled.

'''A universal strength''' is the upper ribbed armour package. Previously introduced on the [[Strv 103A]], this package allows the {{PAGENAME}} to "shred" incoming projectiles. Thanks to the introduction of volumetric shells, no sub-caliber round can currently sneak through this package. Due to heavy angling, and being placed behind the fence itself, it reaches thickness levels of between 500 and 1200mm, making it one of the strongest armour layouts in the game.

'''A universal weakness''' is slightly above and below the sharp edge where the upper and lower plate meets. This area can be easily penetrated by both chemical and conventional rounds. With varying damage depending on post-penetration effect. Aiming below the gun-barrel can also knock it out in the process, leaving the {{PAGENAME}} incredibly vulnerable.

'''Armor Composition:'''

* Rolled Homogeneous Armor
* Structural Steel - Storage Boxes, Side-skirts
* Gun Steel - Main Gun, Machine Guns
* High Hardness Rolled Armor - Slat
* Tracks
* Structural Steel of Chassis - Suspension

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|40 mm (77°) ''Upper Glacis''
40 mm (74°) + 20 mm ''Lower Glacis''
|30 mm +10-20 mm ''Upper''
30 mm ''Lower''
|30 mm
|20 mm
|-
|Cupola
|35 mm
|35 mm
|35 mm
|20 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Main Gun - 25 mm
* Machine Guns - 5 mm
* Slat Armor - 50 mm
* Sideskirts - 4 mm
* Tracks - 20 mm
* Suspension - 15 mm
* The crew compartment is lined with 10 mm RHA

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1057|rbMinHp= 690|AoAweight=|abForwardSpeed=55}}When glancing over the stat-card of the {{PAGENAME}}, it can be easy to assume the tank has inferior mobility to the earlier variants. But thanks to the tank utilizing the turbine in tandem with the more powerful diesel engine, it ends up being one of the most powerful engines at its BR. This catches a lot of opponents off-guard, as they generally don't expect the {{PAGENAME}} to be able to change positions quickly. This can also surprise wounded opponents, as they usually think they're safe hiding behind smaller obstacles without the {{PAGENAME}} coming towards them. And when facing opponents lacking any form of subcaliber munitions to deal with the {{PAGENAME}}, a tanker can find enjoyment scaring them by simply charging at their position.

The {{PAGENAME}} suffers from a severe lack of turrets, which makes it vulnerable to bad positioning. Turreted tanks can easily deal with enemies coming from the sides, without exposing a lot of weak-spots. The {{PAGENAME}} needs to turn the entire vehicle, which often proves fatal. To avoid this, it's important to practice driving in reverse. The {{PAGENAME}} goes almost top-speed in both directions, making it viable to drive in reverse if the tank requires immediate repositioning. Combining this with smoke-grenades makes it impossible for the enemy to predict where the vehicle currently is.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L74 (105 mm)}}The {{PAGENAME}} is outfitted with the Bofors L74 105mm cannon. This cannon is identical to the earlier versions of the S-tank. There is some slight visual differences, as the cannon is now welded to the chassi, rather than just drilled through on the earlier variants. But the main difference lies in the ammunition. The {{PAGENAME}} gets access to the DM23 subcaliber shell. This is a treat at its BR, as not all tanks get access to it. The {{PAGENAME}} benefits greatly from this upgrade, as shots don't require the same amount of precision as before to land a devastating hit. This makes it more forgiving to aim, which is especially helpful with the sometimes janky hull-aiming a tanker may experience. But to compensate even further, the {{PAGENAME}} features the same autoloader as any other S-tank, allowing it to fire up to 50 shells with a mere 4 second interval between each round. This makes the {{PAGENAME}} the fastest firing DM23 tank in the game, allowing for some incredible killing sprees when positioned correctly.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L74 (105 mm)|105 mm L74]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" |N/A || 67.2 || 67.2 || 81.6 || 90.2 || 96.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 42.0 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.2
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| slpprj m/80 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23
|-
| Shell L35 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 1,450 || 4.5 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slpprj m/80 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 680 || 14.4 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 1,830 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shell L35 || HESH || 730 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,780 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| rökgr m/61 || 330 || 18.7 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 46 ''(+4)'' || 41 ''(+9)'' || 36 ''(+14)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 26 ''(+24)'' || 21 ''(+29)'' || 16 ''(+34)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 6 ''(+44)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
''Main article'': '''''[[ksp 58 (7.62 mm)]]'''''

The {{PAGENAME}} has 3 [[Ksp 58 (7.62 mm)|7.62mm Ksp 58]] machine guns, 2 on the left side in their own mount and one on top of the commander's cupola. All 3 machine guns are fixed to the hull with no traverse.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |[[Ksp 58 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm ksp 58]]
|-
!Mount
!Capacity (Belt)
!Fire rate
!Vertical
!Horizontal
|-
|Hull
|1,375 (250)
|500
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|Hull
|1,375 (250)
|500
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|Pintle
|1,375 (250)
|500
|N/A
|N/A
|}

== Usage in battles ==

'''Long-range Maps'''

A natural fit for the {{PAGENAME}} is long distance engagements. With its high fire-rate and fast shell, paired with unmatched optics and laser rangefinder, it has all the tools to dominate opponents at longer distances. The {{PAGENAME}} should be spawned as early as possible, swiftly positioned far ahead of the team, with plentiful amounts of cover to compensate for its lackluster survivability against subcaliber munitions. Since the tank has incredible mobility, and almost impenetrable frontal protection in hull-down positions, the S-tank creates hell for the enemy team, forcing them to strategically flank the vehicle, or attack it with guided missiles. The gun barrel can still get knocked out, forcing the {{PAGENAME}} to back away for a few seconds to repair. This can prove costly however, as this window of opportunity can be wide enough to allow a flanking maneuver by the enemy team.

Having teammates substancially increases the tank's survivability against flanking opponents, as a turreted teammate can easily engage enemies trying to sneak a final shot in.

'''Close-range Maps.'''

Realizing the upsides and downsides of the {{PAGENAME}} makes it clear the vehicle was never designed for close-range engagements. This downside does show its truth as the vehicle can't fire on the move effectively, and is forced to take it slow in order to not get blasted from the side in a single shot. Either way, these maps can't be ignored when spading the vehicle, or when trying to research its more conventional brother, the [[Strv 104]]. Despite its flaws, the many upsides still have a lot of usage in closer engagements, and can result in high kill games, despite the uncomfortable surroundings. At the start of a match, the mobility should still be used to its limits. The {{PAGENAME}} only really gets to move freely without any form of danger at the beginning of the match where opponents haven't yet secured any areas of the map, so it's important to take a good position as early as possible. Hiding behind buildings and corners is highly effective, as getting flanked wont occur as often. The tank can very effectively fight off one enemy at a time, but struggles to focus on several opponents at once, due to the lack of a conventional turret. This forces the {{PAGENAME}} to pick off targets when they're busy with something else. Alternatively, if the {{PAGENAME}} sees opponents incapable of effectively penetrating its frontal protection, it can calmly peek out of cover to attack, without any danger, as even if the barrel gets damaged, the tank can swiftly reverse back at max speed.

Having a coordinated teammate can prove devastating for the enemy team, as a turreted teammate can easily fend off opponents from directions the {{PAGENAME}} can't handle. Thanks to the tanks amazing survivability, the {{PAGENAME}} can coordinate with a lesser armoured teammate, to work as a spearhead against incoming shells. As soon as the {{PAGENAME}} gets crippled, a teammate can easily jump in to deal with the distracted opponents. Since the {{PAGENAME}} needs to repair a lot due to commonly sustaining damage, having a teammate that can lower repair times is incredibly helpful.

{{Notice
|Always smoke when you get immobilized in the {{PAGENAME}}! After smoking you can angle the tank vertically with the use of hull-aiming, making it difficult for the enemy to deal more damage.|!
}}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High penetration shells - Access to Swedish DM23 rounds
* High survivability - Able to tank most rounds from the front
* New HEAT "fence" - Counters most Chemical rounds
* Strong turbine engine - Gives the tank high mobility & good off-road performance
* Low silhouette - Capable of hiding behind walls and small hills

'''Cons:'''

* Weak to Sub-caliber shells - Compact design results in high post-penetration damage
* Weak side & rear protection - Unable to survive against any high-caliber round
* Unable to fire while moving
* Poor stock performance - Weak stock rounds and slow acceleration
* Loud turbine & diesel engine - Difficult to silently hide

== History ==


Strv 103C is the last official series of the S tank, in the army decision 1972 and 1982 it was decided that getting a new tank for the army was going to be post-pone to the 1990's and the Swedish army at time would foucs on a lighter combat vehicles. So to modernize the S tanks the Strv 103B's had to go through a renovation with upgrading the systems and improve the vehicles in a so called REMO (Renovation and Modification) process and it was not till 1986 the first Strv 103B got its REMO done and got designated Strv 103C.

In the Renovation and Modification process the Strv 103B's got upgraded from a Rolls Royce piston engine to a Detroit Diesel engine, Dozer blade on all "S" Tanks that used to be only 1 of 3 Strv 103's equipped with that, New Tracks, new external fuel tanks in terms of 22 liter jerry cans that were attached on the sides that also worked as extra protection to the side armour, laser rangefinder that was integrated with the aimsight for the gunner, Lyran 71mm illuminating mortar and new gearbox.

It was not till 1988 that all 290 Strv 103B's had been renovated to Strv 103C where they stayed in service till 1997 the Strv 103 saw the last of its service in the armed forces.

=== [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|Devblog]] ===
In the immediate postwar years, Sweden began looking for a replacement to the Centurion tanks, then in service with its army. The most straightforward solution was to once again look into the export market for potential candidates, although engineers were already working on a domestic design - the Kranvagn. While this process was ongoing, an engineer by the name of Sven Berge came up with a radical new tank design in 1956.

This new vehicle featured a turretless design with a cannon fixed to the hull, which would be trained onto its targets with the precise use of an adjustable suspension system. The design was based on results from a study on tank crew casualties during WWII and the Korean War, which showed a correlation between tank height and hit probability. As such, the 'S-Tank' was kept very small in dimensions and low in profile, while also utilizing some innovative new engineering solutions, such as a mixed power plant consisting of a diesel engine and a gas turbine.

In 1959, the Swedish government approved the construction and testing of two prototypes. In 1960, a pre-production batch of 10 vehicles of the '0-serie' was ordered for field trials, which went on into the mid '60s. Generating more than favorable test results, the vehicle was formally ordered into production and procured as the 'Stridsvagn 103'.

Despite its original purpose being to replace the Centurion tanks in the Swedish Army, the Strv 103 ended up serving alongside it for a number of decades, until it was ultimately decommissioned in the late 1990s. By that time, 290 Strv 103s were built, spanning over five variants.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=sweden&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=sw_strv_103c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200px">
File:Strv 103C 1.png|thumb|Strv 103C after firing main gun
File:Strv 103C 2.png|thumb|Strv 103C in forest
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|5PAkCJChYNI|'''Maximum Swedish Frustration - Strv 103c''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''|uQVze1fZYw4|'''The {{PAGENAME}} Main Battle Tank''' - ''Orangefan''|YUBx7L7l6Yc|'''Strv 103C - Hullaim Got Me Killed: Heartbreak''' - ''Napalmratte''|C7cb7GlOnSY|'''Tank Chats #117 - Stridsvagn 103''' - ''The Tank Museum''|mYxPBmRdSPc|'''Swedish Stritsvagen 103 (Strv 103) S-Tank''' - ''Matsimus''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden medium tanks}}

Strv 103A

2021-07-14T13:54:08Z

U73853576: gun is no longer to hard aim, look: https://warthunder.com/en/news/7241-it-s-fixed-13-en

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_103a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]]. It is a first unique tank in the Swedish tree which is a MBT, although by its appearance it would seem to instead be a tank destroyer. It is also known as ''S-Tank'' or ''Door Stop''.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

With a superbly sloped front hull armour, incoming kinetic rounds are prone to harmlessly bounce off, though chemical rounds will typically do some damage. Side, rear and top armour of the vehicle are weak, most aircraft can penetrate the roof, especially if they have 20 mm rounds or larger. With a total of three crew members, survivability after taking hits tend to be slim. However, the Strv 103 series are the only tanks that can operate with only one crew member! A major drawback is without transmission/engine you can no longer manoeuvre the hull to aim left or right.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Structural steel - Storage boxes
* Gun steel - Main gun, machine guns
* Tracks
* Structural steel of chassis - Suspension

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|40 mm (77°) ''Upper Glacis''
40 mm (74°) ''Lower Glacis''
|30 mm +10 mm ''Upper''
30 mm ''Lower''
|30 mm
|20 mm
|-
|Cupola
|35 mm
|35 mm
|35 mm
|20 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Main gun - 25 mm
* Machine guns - 5 mm
* Tracks - 20 mm
* Suspension - 15 mm
* The crew compartment is lined with 10 mm RHA
* Storage boxes - 4 mm

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=732|rbMinHp=478}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L74 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L74 (105 mm)|105 mm L74]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || 67.2 || 67.2 || 81.6 || 90.2 || 96.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 42.0 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 1,500 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 1,450 || 4.5 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 680 || 14.4 || 0 || 0.1 || 1,830 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 760 || 14.85 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,780 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| rökgr m/61 || 330 || 18.7 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 46 ''(+4)'' || 41 ''(+9)'' || 36 ''(+14)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 26 ''(+24)'' || 21 ''(+29)'' || 16 ''(+34)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 6 ''(+44)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|ksp 58 (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has 3 x 7.62 mm ksp 58 machine guns, 2 on the left side in their own mount and one on top of the commander's cupola. All 3 machine guns are fixed to the hull with no traverse.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp 58 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm ksp 58]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Hull || 1,375 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Hull || 1,375 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 1,375 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Strv 103A is an amazing tank to take in defensive positions and snipe with. Although it's mainly used for the sniping role, it can also do close quarters combat quite well if one needs to push out to a capture point. Due to the armour design of the Strv 103, surviving conventional shells that can be found on the early Cold War-era Soviet tanks is easy. The only challenges with the tank is to learn key positions to lock down with the rapid firing 105 mm [[L74 (105 mm)|L7-derived cannon]] and learning the shooting mechanics of hull-aim. It is important to stay on flat ground when playing this tank, as slopes can cause issues with the hull-aim.

While the Strv 103 can easily hold its own against conventional shells, against chemical and more modern kinetic rounds it starts to lose its points. HEAT-FS shells can easily penetrate the frontal armour, going through both the armour and engine, knocking out the crew behind it (this gets remedied with the later [[Strv 103C|103C]], which has slat armour at the front to prematurely detonate the shell). In full uptiers, it's also highly likely to get shot at by APFSDS shells, which ignore the armour completely. That's why when facing these vehicles, one should take full utility of the smoke launchers and smoke rounds to create a quick escape out and avoid getting shot at.

If the tank does get shot at, the survivability is quite high due to the crew all being located behind the transmission and the engine. And since the tank can be operated by only one crew member, the tank is mostly only destroyed by being set afire by the fuel tank and engine in the front of the tank.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Low profile
* Fast reload
* Effectively sloped front armour
* Can be controlled by one crew member
* Extremely survivable
* Gunner and Commander perform the same roles, so there is no crew switch if either is knocked out

'''Cons:'''

* Slow aiming
* Vulnerable to flanking
* Only three crew members
* Gun is prone to damage
* Catches fire often when shot from the side and sometimes from the front

== History ==


After 6 months of trial with the Strv 103-0 and the goal settings for requirements that the tank needed to pass were done in 1963 it was not till Autumn 1964 that the first order for the Strv 103 came in to AB Bofors. 1967 the Strv 103A started to deliver to the army, a total of 70 Strv 103As were ordered to the army as the first series production. Strv 103A had a 300hk powered gasturbine that during delivery proved to be not quite effective and would be required a change in the upcoming version of the Strv 103. Directly when the S tank got delivered instructor courses began and it was not till 1968 that the first conscripts go the education on the Strv 103 "S" systems.

=== [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|Devblog]] ===
In the immediate postwar years, Sweden began looking for a replacement to the Centurion tanks, then in service with its army. The most straightforward solution was to once again look into the export market for potential candidates, although engineers were already working on a domestic design - the Kranvagn. While this process was ongoing, an engineer by the name of Sven Berge came up with a radical new tank design in 1956.

This new vehicle featured a turretless design with a cannon fixed to the hull, which would be trained onto its targets with the precise use of an adjustable suspension system. The design was based on results from a study on tank crew casualties during WWII and the Korean War, which showed a correlation between tank height and hit probability. As such, the 'S-Tank' was kept very small in dimensions and low in profile, while also utilizing some innovative new engineering solutions, such as a mixed power plant consisting of a diesel engine and a gas turbine.

In 1959, the Swedish government approved the construction and testing of two prototypes. In 1960, a pre-production batch of 10 vehicles of the '0-serie' was ordered for field trials, which went on into the mid '60s. Generating more than favorable test results, the vehicle was formally ordered into production and procured as the 'Stridsvagn 103'.

Despite its original purpose being to replace the Centurion tanks in the Swedish Army, the Strv 103 ended up serving alongside it for a number of decades, until it was ultimately decommissioned in the late 1990s. By that time, 290 Strv 103s were built, spanning over five variants.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden medium tanks}}

Strv 103-0

2021-07-14T13:51:03Z

U73853576: gun is no longer to hard aim, look: https://warthunder.com/en/news/7241-it-s-fixed-13-en

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_103_0
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 732|rbMinHp= 478}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L74 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L74 (105 mm)|105 mm L74]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || 67.2 || 67.2 || 81.6 || 90.2 || 96.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0 || rowspan="2" | 4.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 42.0 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23 || 23
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/61 || APDS || 1,500 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slpprj m/62 || APDS || 1,450 || 4.5 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| slsgr m/61A || HE || 680 || 14.4 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 1,830 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slspgr m/61 || HESH || 760 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,780 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| rökgr m/61 || 330 || 18.7 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 46 ''(+4)'' || 41 ''(+9)'' || 36 ''(+14)'' || 31 ''(+19)'' || 26 ''(+24)'' || 21 ''(+29)'' || 16 ''(+34)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 6 ''(+44)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp 58 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp 58 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm ksp 58]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Coaxial || 1,375 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The gun has good penetration and damage
* Four second reload time makes it much easier to dispatch enemy tanks
* The frontal armour is heavily sloped, which makes it quite tough even though being only 40 mm thick
* Has a tiny profile, making it much easier to hide in realistic and simulator battles
* Because the engine is located at the front most shots will not go through the whole tank if it penetrates and will simply be absorbed
* Has a 10 mm gun shield that will block most shrapnel.

'''Cons:'''

* The sloped frontal armour becomes redundant if faced with an enemy above it
* Very thin side and rear armour, any gun larger than a machine gun can go thro
* The turret is fixed to the hull and cannot swivel
* APDSFS and APDS shells will go straight through the front, most of the time no matter the angle

== History ==

Strv 103-0 is the prototype series before the head series with Strv 103A got delivered to the Swedish army. After the trial of the two trial vehicles S1 and S2 in 1961, Sweden ordered 10 pre-series Strv 103 which would become the 0-series. They were not finished until 1963, where they were put on trial to be combined with different vehicles to see how to efficiently utilize the tank system in squad and organization attempts. These attempts would have a great impact on how the Strv 103 would be shaped and molded and so the evaluation of the Strv 103 began that would last from 1963 till 1966. It only took half a year before it was decided that the Strv 103 "S" would become Sweden's new tank.

The trials with the 0-series worked well, the test results from the field testings, squad and organization attempts were favourable for the Strv 103-0 and it was not until 1964 that Sweden placed an order in a total value of around 500 million kr (SEK) which would total in 70 Strv 103 being produced to the first main series Strv 103 which would be designated [[Strv 103A]]. The main series tank order delivery started by 1967 giving the 0-series to be put to trials until the end of 1966.

=== [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|Devblog]] ===
In the immediate postwar years, Sweden began looking for a replacement to the Centurion tanks, then in service with its army. The most straightforward solution was to once again look into the export market for potential candidates, although engineers were already working on a domestic design - the Kranvagn. While this process was ongoing, an engineer by the name of Sven Berge came up with a radical new tank design in 1956.

This new vehicle featured a turretless design with a cannon fixed to the hull, which would be trained onto its targets with the precise use of an adjustable suspension system. The design was based on results from a study on tank crew casualties during WWII and the Korean War, which showed a correlation between tank height and hit probability. As such, the 'S-Tank' was kept very small in dimensions and low in profile, while also utilizing some innovative new engineering solutions, such as a mixed power plant consisting of a diesel engine and a gas turbine.

In 1959, the Swedish government approved the construction and testing of two prototypes. In 1960, a pre-production batch of 10 vehicles of the '0-serie' was ordered for field trials, which went on into the mid '60s. Generating more than favorable test results, the vehicle was formally ordered into production and procured as the 'Stridsvagn 103'.

Despite its original purpose being to replace the Centurion tanks in the Swedish Army, the Strv 103 ended up serving alongside it for a number of decades, until it was ultimately decommissioned in the late 1990s. By that time, 290 Strv 103s were built, spanning over five variants.

== Media ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
File:Strv 103-0 WTWallpaper 08.jpg|
</gallery>

{{Youtube-gallery|qoprhFB5S7I|'''The Shooting Range #179''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:25 discusses the Strv 103.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6505-development-strv-103-0-last-man-standing-en|[Devblog] Strv 103-0: Last Man Standing]]

{{Sweden medium tanks}}
{{Sweden premium ground vehicles}}

User:U73853576

2020-12-23T23:56:18Z

U73853576:

=== i want m60t sabra in game ===

User:U73853576

2020-12-23T23:55:23Z

U73853576:

::i want m60t sabra in game

User:U73853576

2020-12-23T23:55:00Z

U73853576: Created page with "i want m60t sabra in game"

i want m60t sabra in game

User talk:U73853576

2020-12-23T23:54:43Z

U73853576:

Yep, M60T Sabra is officially added to the M60 (Family) page, if that's what you mean. 14:50, 23 December 2020‎ CobraKingII

::thank you for this. although, this is not what i want you.

::Vehicles I Want in WT

::i want you to add m60t to your "list". hmm, i just wanted?... yea, i want. thank you for helping me sir.... [[User:U73853576|U73853576]] ([[User talk:U73853576|talk]]) 23:54, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

User talk:U73853576

2020-12-23T23:54:29Z

U73853576:

User talk:U95595778

2020-12-23T23:54:01Z

U73853576:

==sabra==
sir, you opened suggestion topic. could you add m60 sabra to your tank list? https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/506818-m60t-aka-sabra-mk-ii [[User:U73853576|U73853576]] ([[User talk:U73853576|talk]]) 09:21, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

::"""Yep, M60T Sabra is officially added to the M60 (Family) page, if that's what you mean. 14:50, 23 December 2020‎ CobraKingII"" you write this in my message box, thank you for this. although, this is not what i want you.

Vehicles I Want in WT

i want you to add m60t to your "list". hmm, i just wanted?... yea, i want. thank you for helping me sir.... [[User:U73853576|U73853576]] ([[User talk:U73853576|talk]]) 23:53, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

User talk:U73853576

2020-12-23T23:41:40Z

U73853576:

Yep, M60T Sabra is officially added to the M60 (Family) page, if that's what you mean. 14:50, 23 December 2020‎ CobraKingII

User talk:U44629479

2020-12-23T09:38:19Z

U73853576:

= Talk page =
Hello Colok76286, it will be better for people to use this talk page to contact you and post questions/information as all posts here are immediately viewable and do not require a moderator to approve the message which is necessary on the User page. You can use your user page to annotate areas you are working on (such as the torpedoes) and maybe provide status updates on what you are specifically working on (it's up to you it is your space to work with). Also, using the talk page alerts you when you log back in that someone has left a new message for you, whereas this does not happen with the User Page. Good luck working with the torpedoes, they do need a little love and there is a lot of good information out there about them. -[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 12:21, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

= Award Request images =
Hello there!
First of all, thank you for all the edits you've been doing thus far on the Wiki.
I was looking through all the past edits in the last month, and noticed all the image work you and Jareel did. Given that many of the requested/missing award images are now up, do you still need the original award images?

Water multistrike--[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: Hello, I don't need the pictures I uploaded anymore. You can totally delete them. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)

=Tank mobility=
Hi! Thank you for your hard work but I basically made all the edits you've done obsolete. The wiki has a database with the tank weights, max speed, and spaded engine horsepowers(you can see them in the sidebar) so I made a template that taps into that and generated everything aside from stock engine power and addon armor weight. If you want to switch to the template then use <nowiki>{{tankMobility|abMinHp= number|rbMinHp= number|}}</nowiki>--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 16:24, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: That's even better. Thanks. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 21:07, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
::I don't think anyone has done any major errorchecking on the numbers. So if it's just 1 off like for max speed, I'd give it a pass as a rounding issue. If it's more than that send a message to the wiki admins. In the mean time you can overwrite the numbers with the parameters shown here [[Template:TankMobility]]--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 15:49, 9 February 2020 (UTC)
Wow, great job, congrats on finally managing to add the template to every single tank page! We really appreciate the work you've put in here! - [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 11:10, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

= Forum profile =
Hello Colok76286,

Could you please send/give me a link to your war thunder forum profile.

Kindest Regards
Wiki Team
--[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 01:05, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

Please see your forum PM o7 --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 23:04, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

= Indexing =
Thanks for updating the information regarding the quotation/question mark issue. I did not realize the question marks caused problems with indexing, good to know, I learn something new every day! Thanks! --[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 21:19, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
: Yes, I tried searching for tables with missing values replaced by ?.??, ??.??, ??? or ???? but the Wiki search engine returned no results. On the other hand, when searching for missing values filled with _.__, __._, __.__, __. ___ or ____, the search results were correct. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 22:40, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

= List of images for deletion/modification =

== Files needing deletion ==
Files deleted --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:50, 11 September 2020 (UTC)
Done --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 10:16, 20 October 2020 (UTC)

<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Matchmaker_Bf109SBMode.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Garage_Image_-_Potez_631.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:W.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Su-6 Modifications .png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:2020-11-08 (1).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

== Files needing categorization ==
The following must be allocated to a category but are protected by admin rights.
: All files listed were categorised. --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 20:34, 15 May 2020 (UTC)
===Category [[:Category:Armor|Armor]]===
[[File:IS7 mantlet weakspot.jpg|250px]]
* Add to Category:Armor and Remove from Category:In-game screenshots.

= m60t sabra to m60(family) =

i added sabra writing to m60(family) can you look what i have done? https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/506818-m60t-aka-sabra-mk-ii [[User:U73853576|U73853576]] ([[User talk:U73853576|talk]]) 09:38, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

User talk:U44629479

2020-12-23T09:37:12Z

U73853576: /* m60t sabra to m60(family) */ new section

= Talk page =
Hello Colok76286, it will be better for people to use this talk page to contact you and post questions/information as all posts here are immediately viewable and do not require a moderator to approve the message which is necessary on the User page. You can use your user page to annotate areas you are working on (such as the torpedoes) and maybe provide status updates on what you are specifically working on (it's up to you it is your space to work with). Also, using the talk page alerts you when you log back in that someone has left a new message for you, whereas this does not happen with the User Page. Good luck working with the torpedoes, they do need a little love and there is a lot of good information out there about them. -[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 12:21, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

= Award Request images =
Hello there!
First of all, thank you for all the edits you've been doing thus far on the Wiki.
I was looking through all the past edits in the last month, and noticed all the image work you and Jareel did. Given that many of the requested/missing award images are now up, do you still need the original award images?

Water multistrike--[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: Hello, I don't need the pictures I uploaded anymore. You can totally delete them. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)

=Tank mobility=
Hi! Thank you for your hard work but I basically made all the edits you've done obsolete. The wiki has a database with the tank weights, max speed, and spaded engine horsepowers(you can see them in the sidebar) so I made a template that taps into that and generated everything aside from stock engine power and addon armor weight. If you want to switch to the template then use <nowiki>{{tankMobility|abMinHp= number|rbMinHp= number|}}</nowiki>--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 16:24, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: That's even better. Thanks. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 21:07, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
::I don't think anyone has done any major errorchecking on the numbers. So if it's just 1 off like for max speed, I'd give it a pass as a rounding issue. If it's more than that send a message to the wiki admins. In the mean time you can overwrite the numbers with the parameters shown here [[Template:TankMobility]]--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 15:49, 9 February 2020 (UTC)
Wow, great job, congrats on finally managing to add the template to every single tank page! We really appreciate the work you've put in here! - [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 11:10, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

= Forum profile =
Hello Colok76286,

Could you please send/give me a link to your war thunder forum profile.

Kindest Regards
Wiki Team
--[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 01:05, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

Please see your forum PM o7 --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 23:04, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

= Indexing =
Thanks for updating the information regarding the quotation/question mark issue. I did not realize the question marks caused problems with indexing, good to know, I learn something new every day! Thanks! --[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 21:19, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
: Yes, I tried searching for tables with missing values replaced by ?.??, ??.??, ??? or ???? but the Wiki search engine returned no results. On the other hand, when searching for missing values filled with _.__, __._, __.__, __. ___ or ____, the search results were correct. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 22:40, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

= List of images for deletion/modification =

== Files needing deletion ==
Files deleted --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:50, 11 September 2020 (UTC)
Done --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 10:16, 20 October 2020 (UTC)

<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Matchmaker_Bf109SBMode.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Garage_Image_-_Potez_631.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:W.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Su-6 Modifications .png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:2020-11-08 (1).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

== Files needing categorization ==
The following must be allocated to a category but are protected by admin rights.
: All files listed were categorised. --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 20:34, 15 May 2020 (UTC)
===Category [[:Category:Armor|Armor]]===
[[File:IS7 mantlet weakspot.jpg|250px]]
* Add to Category:Armor and Remove from Category:In-game screenshots.

== m60t sabra to m60(family) ==

i added sabra writing to m60(family) can you look what i have done? https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/506818-m60t-aka-sabra-mk-ii

M60 (Family)

2020-12-23T09:30:00Z

U73853576: M60T Sabra added

{{DISPLAYTITLE:M60 (Family)}}

==In-game vehicles==
'''Rank V'''

* [[M60]]
* [[M60A1 "D.C.Ariete"]]

'''Rank VI'''

* [[M60A1 (AOS)]]
* [[M60A1 RISE (P)]]
* [[M60A2]]
* [[M60A3 TTS]]
* [[M60A3 TTS (China)]]
* [[CM11]]

'''Rank VII'''

* [[M60 AMBT]]

'''Note:''' The [[CM11|CM-11 "Brave Tiger"]] or M48H uses the hull of the M60A3 and the turret of the M48A3 Patton. It is listed here for informative purpose but is classified as a [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48]].

[[Category:Family pages]]

== Development ==

=== 105mm M68 Gun ===
To determine the main gun of the XM60, a competition was held to test six different guns at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds. All six were evaluated for accuracy, rate of fire, post-penetration damage, and penetration. The first gun evaluated was the 90mm M41, mounted on the M48A2C, with the T300E53 HEAT round. The 90mm T208E9 was mounted on the T95E1 and used the T320E62 APDS round. The 105mm T254E1 (a US version of the L7) was mounted on the T95E2 to test British APDS ammunition. The 120mm M58 from the M103 was tested, and so was the 120mm T123E6, a lighter version of the M58, and it was mounted on the T95E4.

The T123E6 was preferred by Ordnance Department because it had ammunition that was similar to that already in production for the M58. It used two-piece ammunition, with the shell and propellant charges being separate. Because of this, the M103 design incorporated two loaders, but this would be impossible on a smaller medium tank. A rate of fire of only four rounds per minute was achieved during testing, which was unacceptable. The 105mm T254E1 achieved a fire rate of 7 rounds per minute.

The T254E1 was selected, and it was modified to the T254E2, which used a sliding breechblock instead of the original horizontal breechblock.. The T254E2 became standardized as the Cannon, 105mm Gun, M68. The barrel used was the British X15/L52, as American barrels were not available at the time with the same amount of accuracy. Starting in June of 1959, the American XM24/L52 barrels replaced the British barrels in production, but they were still interchangeable. The evacuator was located lower on the American gun barrels, so they were fitted with an eccentric evacuator instead of a concentric evacuator in order to increase clearance over the rear engine deck.

The M60 used the M68 gun in the M116 mount, while the later M60A1 and M60A3 along with the early XM-1 prototype used the M60E1 gun. The M60E1 shares firing characteristics with the original M68, but it has a number of improvements. The M60E1 has a new hydraulic configuration, a stabilization upgrade, an elevation kill switch, an improved ballistic drive, and other minor improvements. The M68 was later fitted on M48A3 tanks in service with the National Guard, which were then redesignated as the M48A5. In 1973, thermal sleeves began to be used on the gun barrels.

==== '''Ammunition''' ====

* '''APDS-T'''
** M774
** M735
* '''APFSDS-T'''
** M735
** M774
* '''HEAT'''
** M456
* '''HEP/HESH'''
** M393
* '''Training'''
** Practice APDS
** Dummy APDS
* '''Other'''
** White Phosphorous Rounds
** Canister Rounds

=== Armor ===

==== Turret ====
The T95E5 turret was used on the first production M60. It was shaped like a hemisphere, and was well rounded; it looked very similar to the turret of the preceding M48 Patton III. The M60A1 series had a new turret which came from the T95E7. The T95E7 turret was significantly different from the T95E5 turret and it had a redesigned bustle, which allowed more ammunition to be carried. The M60A2 had a completely redesigned turret for the mounting of the 152mm M162 gun. The M60A3 series used a turret based on the T95E7 turret, but it featured increased frontal armor protection.

== Design ==

=== M60 ===

=== M60A1 Series ===

==== M60A1 ====
'''Development'''

In 1960, work was started to upgrade the M60 main battle tank, as the T95 project and the project to create composite armor were closed. The prototypes fitted the T95E7 turret on the hull of the M60. In order to increase the room in the turret for the crew the gun used the M140 mount, which moved the gun forward 5 inches. The first two prototypes (Pilot 1 and 2) were ready in May 1961, and the third prototype (Pilot 3) was ready in June 1961. The prototypes were designated as the M60E1, and they were all built by Chrysler Defense. Pilot 1 was tested at Eglin Air Force Base, Pilot 2 was tested at Yuma Test Station, and Pilot 3 was tested at Fort Knox. The M60E1 was accepted for American service on 22 October 1962. The designation for production M60E1 tanks was Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60A1. Production began on 13 October 1962, with an order of 720 units by the Army.

'''Hull'''

The upper glacis armor of the hull was upgraded from 3.67 inches to 4.29 inches at 65°. The steering wheel was replaced with a T-bar control, and the break and accelerator pedals were rearranged for easier usage by the driver. The tank was upgraded to the Continental AVDS-1790-2A engine and the CD-850-5 cross drive transmission, and it used the T97 track assembly. The first return roller was moved slightly, and shock absorbers were added to the second road wheel pair. The addition of the shock absorbers was due to the increased weight of the armor and new M60A1 turret.

'''Turret'''

The main feature of the M60A1 was a new turret, which was the turret of the T95E7 medium tank prototype. The new turret had more armor protection, and it also could had more room for the crew, because of the new M140 gun mount. A fume extractor was added to the rear of the turret bustle, on the left side; this would prevent fumes and smoke from accumulating inside the vehicle when the weapons were fired. The loader and gunner received padded seats, replacing the wire mesh seats which were uncomfortable. Ammunition for the main gun was increased to 63 rounds, with 15 rounds in the turret bustle, several rounds in the turret ring, and the rest stored in the hull. The turret was equipped with a new traversing mechanism, and an AN/VSS-1(V)1 IR searchlight was fitted above the gun mantlet. It received the M19 FCS, which consisted of the M17A1 coincidence rangefinder, M10A1 ballistic drive, and the mechanical M19E1 ballistic computer for the gunner. The M60A1 tank uses the M68E1 105 mm gun. The M68E1 gun shared the same firing characteristics as the M68, but had several design improvements including an updated gun hydraulic configuration, a stabilization upgrade for the gun (but not a full stabilizer), a gun elevation kill switch for the loader, an improved ballistic drive, and other component refinements.

==== M60A1 (AOS) ====
In 1972, the M60A1 (AOS) was introduced, which gave the tank an add-on stabilization (AOS) system. It was a kit that could be applied to M60A1 tanks with very little modification to the hydraulic gun control system. The AOS allows for stabilization of the gun vertically and of the turret horizontally. This allowed the gunner to track targets and control the gun and turret while the vehicle was moving; this increased the hit-on-the-move capability significantly. Before the AOS upgrade the fire-on-the-move accuracy at 2000 meters was practically 0%, whereas with the upgrade 70% accuracy was achieved. The AOS had three modes: power-with-stabilization-on, power-with-stabilization-off, and manual. Power-with-stabilization-on was the mode which stabilized the gun, power-with-stabilization-off allowed the turret to be controlled electrically when the stabilizer was not necessary, and the manual mode allowed the crew to still traverse the turret and elevate the gun if the electrical or hydraulic systems were inoperable.

'''M60A1 (AOS)+'''

M60A1 (AOS)+ is the designation for M60A1 tanks that were equipped with the TLAC, AOS, and T142 tracks. The T142 track debuted in 1974, and it had replaceable rubber pads, improved end connectors, and had a better service life.

==== M60A1 RISE ====
The M60A1 RISE integrated the upgrades of the M60A1 (AOS)+ and TLAC, along with new features, and it first debuted in 1975. It featured the improved AVDS-1790-2C RISE diesel engine and CD-850-6 transmission. These parts were more reliable than the earlier types used. A 650 ampere oil-cooled alternator, a solid state regulator and new wiring harness with more accessible disconnectors was also incorporated into the hull's electrical system. Additionally, steel road wheels and and return rollers were used, and new, armored TLAC panels replaced the unarmored panels. It featured an M32E1 passive sight for the gunner, an M36E1 passive periscope for the commander, and an M24E1 IR night vision block for the driver. The new optical equipment allowed for recognition at longer range and at lower light levels for the commander and gunner. In conditions with only starlight, the optics allowed for vision past 500 meters with the use of an IR searchlight. The driver's M24E1 IR night vision block gave the driver second generation night vision capability.

'''M60A1 RISE+'''

The usage of the M735 APFSDS round required a cam update to the gun's mechanical ballistic drive in order to allow for accurate firing. With the update the tanks were designated as M60A1 RISE+.

'''M60A1 RISE Passive'''

The Passive upgrade for the M60A1 RISE incorporated all the features of the M60A1 RISE+, but with a number of improvements. It was equipped with Kevlar spall liners in the turret, AN/VVS-2 passive night vision block, a deep water fording kit, and brackets for the mounting of ERA armor. It received the improved AVDS-1790-2D RISE engine and CD-850-6A transmission; it was capable of using a vehicle engine exhaust smoke system. The VEESS smoke screen does not protect against infrared, thermal, or laser detection methods, but only obscures the tank visually. In 1978, a kit entered service that installed an M240C machine gun in the coaxial position, and it equipped the tank with two six-barreled M239 smoke grenade launchers (electronically fired), with one mounted on each side of the turret front. The smoke grenades masks the tank both visually and the thermal signature using a phosphor compound.

=== M60A2 Starship ===

===M60A3 Series ===
The official full name of the M60A3 was Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60A3. It was also known as the 105mm Gun Tank M60A3.

'''Development'''

During the 1970's there was a rapid advancement in anti-tank technology, and with the failure of the M60A2 program to produce a sufficient fighting vehicle an upgrade of the M60A1 series was necessary. In 1976, a program to do just that was initiated; the intention was to increase the turret armor and to modernize and improve the technological systems in the tank. The product of the program was the M60A3 tank, a significant improvement over the M60A1 series. Despite the improvement over the earlier M60 models, the M60A3 was viewed as a stop-gap measure, as the M1 Abrams was already being developed and was planned to enter service in 1981. The M60A3 eventually replaced all US Army M60A1 and M48A5 tanks (used by the National Guard until 1987) in service. But, the Marine Corps still used the M60A1 RISE tanks until the M60 was retired from front line service in 1991.

'''Production'''

In February of 1978, the first M60A3 tanks were finished at the Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant. The low-rate initial production run was completed at the DATP in October, which consisted of 296 M60A3 tanks; the tanks were first fielded by the US Army in May of 1979. Chrysler Defense was purchased by General Dynamics Land Division in 1982. In May 1983, production of the M60A3 ended with a total of 1,052 M60A3 and M60A3 TTS tanks built. At this time, the Detroit Tank Plant closed, and production of the M1 Abrams was at the Lima Tank Plant in Ohio. Despite this, the conversion of earlier M60 tanks to the M60A3/E60B standard was still occurring, specifically for other nations through the Foreign Military Sales program. The last M60A3 tanks were delivered through the FMS in May of 1986 to Israel, with a total of 3,268 tanks converted. The tanks upgraded for Israel were surplus US Army M60A1 RISE tanks. Earlier M60 tanks were also converted to the M60A3 TTS standard for the US Army. Other nations including Italy, Austria, Greece, Morocco, and Taiwan upgraded their M60s to the M60A3 standard through FMS contracts with Raytheon and General Dynamics in the 1980's. In 1990, surplus M60A3/E60B tanks were sold to Oman, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia.

==== M60A3 Passive ====
This was the first model of the M60A3 series; it was known simply as the M60A3, but was also known as the M60A3 Passive in order to better distinguish it from the later M60A3 TTS. The M60A3 was based on the M60A1 RISE Passive tank, but with a number of upgrades for the turret - most notably changes to the armor and fire control system. The armor on the turret face was increased to 276 mm and the armor on the gun mantlet was changed to 330 mm. The M60A1 RISE Passive tanks uses a coincidence rangefinder and the mechanical M19 ballistic computer. The M60A3 received the M21 fire control system which includes an AN/VVS2 flash-lamp pumped ruby-laser rangefinder for the commander and gunner, solid-state M21E1 gun data computer, improved stabilization mechanism, improved electrical system, and an improved solid-state analog data card bus. The M10A2E3 ballistic drive is an electro-mechanical unit.The commander received an M36E1 passive periscope and the gunner received an M32E1 passive sight. The hydraulic fluid in the turret was changed to a type that was non-flammable. The M60A3 turret was mounted on the chassis of the M60A1 RISE Passive hull, with the same AVDS-1790-2D RISE engine and CD-850-6A transmission, with a Halon fire-suppression system. A total of 748 M60A3 Passive tanks were built, and all were later upgraded to the M60A3 TTS standard.

==== M60A3 TTS ====

The M60A3 TTS was an improved model of the earlier M60A3. The gunner received an AN/VSG2 Tank Thermal Sight (TTS), which was the only major improvement over the M60A3 Passive. 304 M60A3 TTS tanks were built (with production ending in 1983), 1,391 of the US Army M60A1 RISE tanks were converted to the M60A3 TTS standard by the Anniston Army Depot and Mainz Army Depot by 1990, and all 748 US Army M60A3 tanks were also upgraded to the TTS standard by 1984.

===M60AX/Super M60 ===
'''Development'''

The M60AX, commonly known as the Super M60, was an upgrade package for the M60A1 and M60A3 tanks offered by General Dynamics in 1985. It was developed as a private venture for foreign nations that already operated M60s; it was never considered for service with the US Military. The US Army decided not to develop a new power pack or suspension system for the M60, but General Dynamics formed a co-operative private venture with Teledyne Continental to do just that. Additional armor was also fitted.

'''Design'''

The M60AX was based on the M60A1 RISE hull and the T95E7 turret from the M60A1 and M60A3 series. The power pack was replaced by the AVCR-1790-1B engine and the Renk RK-304 transmission. The torsion bar suspension was replaced with the National Waterlift hydropneumatic suspension system. These upgrades increased the mobility of the tank by 20%. The protection of the vehicle was also improved with a layer of composite armor on the turret and laminate steel panels on the front of the hull. Steel side skirts were added to the sides of the tank as well, and Kevlar spall liners were added to the crew compartment. The tank kept the standard crew of 4 of the M60, with the driver in the hull and the gunner, commander, and loader in the turret.

The armament of the M60AX remained similar to that of the M60A3. The main gun was a 105 mm/L55 M68A1E2 gun; this was the same model as used on the M1 and IPM1 Abrams, which had a longer XM24 tube and a thermal sleeve when compared to the gun of the M60A3. Additionally, the coaxial 7.62 mm M73 machine gun was replaced by a 7.62 mm M240C machine gun. The commander's cupola (formerly the M19 model) was replaced with a low-profile cupola, with a pop-up hatch. A 12.7 mm M2HB machine gun was mounted on a pintle mount for operation by the vehicle commander. The fire control system (FCS) was nearly identical to that of the M60A3 TTS. It consisted of the M21E1 solid-state ballistic computer, Raytheon AN/VSG2 Tank Thermal Sight (TTS) for the gunner, a Raytheon AN/VVS2 laser rangefinder, an M10A2E3 electro-mechanical ballistic drive, and solid-state analog data card bus. No optical rangefinder was fitted to the prototype, but one could have been fitted with ease.

'''Production'''

The M60AX was one of the first private upgrade packages offered for the M60 series of tanks. Despite the largely increased capability of the M60AX when compared to standard M60 tanks, no nation bought any, and the total production remained at only 1 prototype. This may have been because there was no need at the time as the Cold War was winding down. The project was effectively over by the time the Cold War ended, as newer tanks became more widely available.

=== M60-2000/120S Main Battle Tank ===
'''Development'''

General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) began work on an upgrade of the M60 platform as a private venture in 1999. It was originally called the M60-2000, but the name was then changed to 120S, as the vehicle was more than just a simple upgrade of the M60. The 120 stood for the 120 mm gun, and the S stood for speed and survivability. A number of nations were briefed on the design in 2000, and a working prototype was built in 2001. The prototype was shown in Turkey at the IDEF Exhibition in October.

'''Design'''

The tank consisted of an M60A1 chassis with an M1A1 Abrams turret mounted on it, both parts loaned by the US Army. Originally, an upgraded M60A3 turret was considered, but the M1A1 turret was preferred. The M1A1 turret could be fitted to the M60 chassis by using an adapter ring; very few modifications to the turret were needed. The turret is that of the standard M1A1, and not the M1A1HA - so no depleted uranium was used in the composite armor. The armor package was customizable for the customer, and one of the options consisted of STANAG Level 6 armor plates being added to the hull front and sides up until the third road wheel. Slat or cage armor could be added to the turret, steel or composite side skirts could be added, and spall liner and ERA packages were also available. The prototype was fitted with mock side skirts lacking the protection of production side skirts; it was also fitted with new sponsons more similar visually to those on the Abrams. The 120S had a crew of 4, with the driver in the hull and the commander, gunner, and loader in the turret.

The suspension of the hull was changed to the same torsion bar suspension system as used on the M1 Abrams, in order to compensate for the increased weight. If the customer preferred, hydropneumatic suspension could be used instead. The powerplant used on the prototype was the same as on the M60A1, the Continental V-12 750 hp (560 kW) air-cooled AVDS-1790-2 diesel engine with a CD-850-6 cross drive transmission, with a range of 275 miles. It was planned that the production vehicles would use the more powerful General Dynamics Land Systems AVDS-1790-9 diesel engine (1,200 hp) and Allison X-1100-5 series automatic giving a range of over 300 miles. Other powerplants were offered as well, and the road wheels and drive sprocket could be changed the the type used on the M1 Abrams, and the T158 lightweight track from the Abrams was also offered.

The armament of the 120S consisted of the 120 mm M256 gun with a thermal sleeve; this was the exact same as on the M1A1 Abrams. 36 rounds were carried in the turret bustle rack with blowout panels for increased survivability. It was planned that there would be additional ammunition stowage in the floor of the hull for production models. The secondary armament consisted of a coaxial 7.62 mm M240C machine gun, a 7.62 mm machine gun mounted on the loader's hatch, and a 12.7 mm M2HB machine gun mounted on the commander's hatch. Two M250 smoke grenade launchers are carried, one on each side of the turret. Each launcher has six barrels for smoke grenades. Not only do the smoke grenades visually conceal the tank, but they also conceal the thermal signature of the vehicle. The tank is also capable of using a vehicle engine exhaust smoke system , which creates smoke by spraying oil on the engine. The tank was equipped with a 240X4 Forward Looking Infrared Radar (FLIR), day/FLIR stabilized sight with an eye-safe laser range-finder, a thermal imaging system, and an onboard digital fire control computer and data bus similar to the M1 Abrams Mark 1 Advanced Fire Control System.

'''Production'''

The 120S was mainly marketed to Turkey in order to fill their M60 upgrade requirements, but that contract was won by Israel Military Industries with the Sabra III upgrade. The Egyptian Army considered the 120S upgrade, but decided to license-build M1 Abrams tanks instead. In total, only one prototype was completed, and the 120S never entered production. The prototype was disassembled and both parts were returned to the US Army in 2003. The 120S is no longer being marketed by General Dynamics.

=== M60A3 SLEP ===
In May 2016, Raytheon offered the M60A3 Service Life Extension Program (SLEP). The SLEP was designed for export to current M60 operating nations, in order to allow for an upgrade of the M60s used by those nations as a cheaper alternative to buying a fleet of newer tanks. The SLEP is a multiple of modular upgrades to the M60 that cover mobility, armor, and firepower. The modularity of the components allow customization for the needs of each country.

The main armament was upgraded to the 120 mm M256 L/44 gun, the same gun as used by the M1A1 Abrams. A fire rate of 6 to 10 rounds per minute with the load assist system. The Integrated Fire Control System (IFCS) was added. The IFCS consisted of a laser rangefinder, second generation night sight for the gunner, digital ballistic computer, cant sensors, electrical superelevation resolver, and MIL-STD 1553 data bus. Additionally, the Curtis-Wright Gun Turret Drive was added, and the M19 commander's cupola was replaced with the Hitrole remote controlled weapon system, which allowed the commander to view the surrounding are from inside the tank, via the .50 cal M2HB machine gun. The engine was replaced with a 950 hp AVCR-1790-2C engine, and the suspension was improved. An Automatic Fire and Explosion Sensing and Suppressing system (AFSS) was added. Slat armor was added to the turret bustle, to protect against RPG and ATGM attacks, and armor plates rated at STANAG 4569 Level 6 protection were added to the front of the vehicle. The finished vehicle weighed about 63 tons.

=== Leonardo M60A3 ===
The Leonardo M60A3 was unveiled in October 2017 by Leonardo DRS at the Bahrain International Defense Exhibition and Conference (BIDEC). It is intended as an alternative to the M60A3 SLEP upgrade program in order to allow nations using the M60 to bring their tanks up to more modern standards.

The upgrade consists of thorough modernization throughout the different parts of the tank. The 120/54 gun from the Centauro II/MGS is used instead of the 120 mm L/44 gun, in order to reduce the weight by 500 kg. The M19 commander's cupola was replaced with an armored circular cupola protected with slat armor; the new cupola has a much lower profile than the M19 model, and it also weighs less. A HITROLE-L 12.7 mm remote weapons station has been added to the loader's side of the turret roof. The turret was upgraded with a new hydraulic and servo control system, which improves the reliability and performance of the turret. The tank comes equipped with the LOTHAR gun sight, DNVS-4 Driver's Night Vision Sight and TURMS digital fire control system. A daytime thermal camera and an eye-safe laser rangefinder are equipped.

The armor of the tank has also been substantially upgraded. Passive armor protection claimed to meet STANAG Level 6 protection standards has been added to the turret and hull. The armor is focused on the front of the turret in order to protect against chemical rounds, and it is also applied to the front of the hull and the hull sides until the third road wheel. Slat armor was added to the back of the turret, in order to protect against RPG attacks. If the client requests, IED jamming systems and a laser warning receiver can be fitted.

The powerplant can either be refurbished or replaced with an improved version. The improved powerplant consists of the AVDS-1790-5T 908 hp engine (replacing the old 750 hp engine) and the CD-850-B1 transmission. The tank is fitted with the Automatic Fire and Explosion Sensing and Suppression System (AFSS). Additionally, the torsion bar suspension, brakes, fuel supply, electric system, wheels, seals, paint, and smoke grenades were all changed and improved.

=== '''M60T Sabra''' ===
The Turkish M60T main battle tank (MBT) stems from the Israeli Sabra Mk I tank, a heavily upgraded Magach 7, which itself came from the American M60A3 tank.

'''Development'''

After the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US released surplus M60 tanks for the export market. Turkey purchased 274 M60A1 and 658 M60A3 tanks starting in 1993. In the early 2000's, it was decided by Turkey that new tanks must be purchased, their Leopard 1 tanks must be upgraded, and their M60s must be upgraded. There were two options for the upgrade of the M60s: the General Dynamics 120S and the Israeli Military Industries Sabra. In 2002, a contract was signed between IMI and Turkey for purchase of the Sabra. The Sabra Mk I tank was too expensive, so a new version called the Sabra Mk II was procured instead and designated by Turkey as the M60T.

'''Design'''

The M60T features extensive armor additions at the front of the turret, giving it a wedge shape. The frontal hull armor was also improved with additional armor layers. Slat armor was added to the rear of the turret, the ammunition storage was improved, a fire suppression system was added, an IR and laser warning system was added, and new smoke grenade launchers were fitted. An NBC protection system is fitted as standard.

An active protection system was offered, but the Turks decided not to include it. In addition to the main changes listed above, the commander received a panoramic sight, extra roof protection was fitted, and a new navigation system was added. Explosive reactive armor (ERA) is able to be fitted. Notably, the M60T retains the M19 commander's cupola from the M60 series.

Due to all the additions, the M60T weighs up to 59 tons. As such, a more powerful MTU MT-881 KA-501 diesel engine is fitted, producing 1,000 horsepower. A Renk 304S transmission is fitted, and the maximum speed is 55 kph. The suspension and tracks were also improved for a smoother ride and ease of maintenance.

The M60T is armed with the M253 120 mm smoothbore gun, controlled by an Elbit Knight III fire control system (FCS). A thermal sight is provided for the gunner along with a laser rangefinder. The turret traverse was changed from a hydraulic type to an electrical one. The crew's electronics and displays were modernized, but a battle management system was turned down by the Turks.

'''Production and Service'''

170 M60T tanks were delivered to Turkey from 2006 to 2010. M60T tanks were deployed to Syria, and that is their only known combat deployment. During the operations in Syria, several M60Ts were hit by Russian-built Kornet anti-tank missiles, which penetrated the armor and knocked out the tanks. There is a debate as to whether the losses were due to tactics or to obsolescence. It is unlikely that another nation will choose to procure the Sabra tank, due to its disappointing combat record and its obsolescence on the modern battlefield.[https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/506818-m60t-aka-sabra-mk-ii]

== Variants ==

=== American Variants ===

* XM60
* M60
* M60E1
* M60A1
** M60A1 (AOS)
*** M60A1 (AOS)+
** M60A1 RISE
*** M60A1 RISE+
*** M60A1 RISE Passive

* XM66
* M60A1E1
* M60A1E2
* M60A1E3
* M60A1E4
* M60A2
* M60A3
** M60A3 TTS
* QM60

==== Specialized ====

* M60 AVLB
** M60A1 AVLB
** M60 AVLM
** M60A1 AVLM

* XM1060 ROBAT
* M60 Panther MDCV
* M88 Recovery Vehicle
** M88A1
** M88A2 Hercules
* M728 CEV
** M728A1
* M9 Bulldozer Kit

==== Export ====

* '''E60 Series:''' M60s that were to be exported to foreign nations were designated as E60s by the US Foreign Military Sales (FMS). They were modified to requests by nations that were approved to receive them. These were mostly minor modifications, such as the removal of the M19 commander's cupola, changing of machine gun models, changing of electronic systems, changing of radios or fire-control systems, different engines, or additional armor plates.
** '''E60:''' Modified M60.
** '''E60A:''' Modified M60A1.
** '''E60B:''' Modified M60A3.

'''Note:''' The M60A2 Starship was never approved for export to foreign nations.

=== International ===
'''Egyptian Variants'''

* Ramses II

'''Iranian Variants'''

* Zulfiqar 1
* Zulfiqar 2
* Zulfiqar 3
* Samsam

'''Israeli Variants'''

* Magach 6
* Magach 7
* Pereh/Onager
* M60 Tagash AVLB

'''Jordanian Variants'''

* M60 Phoenix

'''Taiwanese Variants'''

* M60A3 Chariot
* M48H/CM-11 Brave Tiger

'''Turkish Variants'''

* M60T Sabra Mk I
* M60T Sabra Mk II
* M60T Sabra MK III
** FIRAT-M60T/M60TM

'''Spanish Variants'''

* M60 VLPD 26/70E
* M60CZ-10/25E Alacran

==== Commercial Upgrades ====

* M60AX/Super M60
* M60-2000/120S
* M60A3 SLEP
* Leonardo M60A3

== Operators ==

=== Current Operators ===
Afghanistan

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bahrain

Brazil

Egypt

Iran

Israel

Jordan

Lebanon

Morocco

Oman

Saudi Arabia

Spain

Sudan

Taiwan

Thailand

Tunisia

Turkey

United States

Yemen

=== Former Operators ===
Argentina

Austria

Ethiopia

Greece

Iraq

Italy

Portugal

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|KUSnuNXASxE|'''Most produced tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:45 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|zoBPU0n65_A|'''The M60 family''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

User talk:U95595778

2020-12-23T09:21:45Z

U73853576:

User talk:U95595778

2020-12-23T09:21:26Z

U73853576: /* sabra */

==sabra==
sir, you opened suggestion topic. could you add m60 sabra to your tank list? [[User:U73853576|U73853576]] ([[User talk:U73853576|talk]]) 09:21, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

User talk:U95595778

2020-12-23T09:20:20Z

U73853576: Created page with "==sabra== sir, you opened suggestion topic. could you add m60 sabra to your tank list?"

==sabra==
sir, you opened suggestion topic. could you add m60 sabra to your tank list?

Leopard A1A1

2020-10-15T21:32:47Z

U73853576: added "bad elevation speed" to pros cons/cons,,,,,,,,,,, russian armour-> soviet armour

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_leopard_I_a1}}
{{About
| about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other versions
| link-1 = Leopard 1 (Family)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = Leopard (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_LeopardA1A1.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (also known as the '''1A1A1''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. The Leopard A1A1 represents a significant improvement over the [[Leopard I|original Leopard design]], most notably the inclusion of a two-plane stabiliser system and the availability of the DM23 APFSDS round.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

[[File:Leo A1A1 Armour Heatmap.png|thumb|Leopard A1A1 armour heatmap]]
The Leopard A1A1's armour, much like its predecessor, is relatively negligible: designed with the intention of mobility and firepower over survivability, the Leopard will survive hits from little more than 20 mm cannons frontally, and full-calibre rounds will have no trouble penetrating it. As such, the Leopard's armour shouldn't be relied on, even when combating light vehicles such as the [[M3 Bradley]] or [[Warrior]] IFVs. Notably, the Leopard A1A1's light armour often results in kinetic rounds penetrating the vehicle without significant damage being caused, allowing it surprising survivability against rounds such as APFSDS. It is, however, particularly vulnerable to chemical or HE-filled rounds. The A1A1 does utilise some add-on armour in locations (noticeable on the UFP and the gun mantlet) which slightly increases its survivability against some autocannons.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (50°) ''Bottom glacis'' || 35 (39-41°) mm ''Top hull side'' 30 + 5 mm ''Bottom hull side'' || 25 mm (14-48°) || 30 mm ''Front area'' 15 mm ''Rear area''
|-
| Turret || 65 + 35 mm ''Turret front'' 45-200 + 35 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 37-45 + 10-20 mm || 38-52 + 10 mm || 25-35 mm ''Turret roof'' 20 mm ''Cupola area''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* The turret mantlet has a varying thickness of 45 - 200 mm thick. It is thickest near the center.
* 20 mm of track armour added onto front hull glacis
* Additional spaced armour is added to the turret, 35 mm on the front and 20 to 10 mm on the sides and rear
* Hull roof is rated to be 54 mm effective against HE.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

The {{PAGENAME}}, while somewhat heavier than its predecessor, still displays reasonably good mobility with a power to weight ratio of 19.57 when upgraded. Despite this, it will regularly face faster competitors - of note, the [[XM-1 (GM)]] and the [[OF-40 (MTCA)]]. The mobility should not be overestimated - but it often is acceptable for flanking manoeuvres or quickly moving into advantageous positions.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|L7A3 (105 mm)}}

The Leopard A1A1 mounts a late-generation L7 cannon. Unlike the original Leopard, the cannon is fully stabilised and can be comfortably used on the move, and negates the requirement of waiting for the gun 'bounce' when stopping. The A1A1 also has the optional DM23 APFSDS available as a tier 4 upgrade, with improved penetration values and ballistics. These combined make the Leopard a tank to be reckoned with.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L7A3 (105 mm)|105 mm L7A3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.85 || 31.62 || 38.40 || 42.46 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.60 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''DM13 ''APDS''''' (Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot) is capable of penetrating the majority of the foes it meets, but these rounds do require finesse as to their placing. Because the shell lacks an explosive filler, your best bet is to try and either knock out the majority of the enemy tank's crew or to destroy the enemy by ammo or fuel detonation through hitting their respective storage capacities. Keep in mind though that ammo and fuel detonations always occur with a random chance, taking out crew members is more reliable to destroy your enemies. This, of course, requires knowledge about the vehicles you may face - so be sure to use the game's X-Ray view in the hangar and analyse your potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the amount of shrapnel shrinks.

* '''DM502 ''HESH''''' (High-Explosive Squash-Head) works very differently to other shell types. It ignores any angle, except for ricochet, and deals damage by metal-flakes which are blown off inside the armour by the exterior explosion. To create this deadly shrapnel inside the tank, make sure to only hit armour plates which are a direct part of the interior crew compartment of the tank. Hitting exterior parts of a tank like spaced armour, the suspension, tracks etc. will not harm crew members/modules at all. Currently, only true armour thickness (as opposed to the line of sight thickness) will provide sufficient means of protection, benefitting the USSR turret designs and in general German tanks. Like all high-explosive shells, the fuse is very sensitive and can be set-off by most objects e.g. fences, trees, pillars. The slow muzzle velocity of this shell can make it quite hard to hit targets at longer distances, but at the same time it can be handy because its arc trajectory, allows it to land hits on enemies hiding behind shallow hills.

* '''DM12 ''HEATFS''''' (High-Explosive Anti Tank Fin Stabilized): Knowledge of potential opponents vehicle layouts will be very handy to use - as you now have a round at your disposal that can penetrate any vehicle's armour frontally. Like the APDS shot, increased armour thickness results in reduced amount of spalling (shrapnel) after penetration. You are able to take out enemies on any distance, since the HEAT round does not lose penetration with distance travelled - very handy on large maps like Kursk. Unlike APDS it has one downside: given that it is a chemical round, its fuse is highly sensitive in regards to its practical application in battle. As a result, virtually anything, such as trees or even a fence, will set it off prematurely, so you cannot fire through obstructions with this kind of round.

* '''DM 23 ''APFSDS''''' (Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot) is the best ammunition choice for the battle rating. It has great muzzle velocity and can penetrate almost every opponent frontally with ease, with the [[T-64B]] and [[IS-7]] being the exceptions.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM13 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM13 || APDS || 1,478 || 4.00 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.50 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || 57 ''(+3)'' || 54 ''(+6)'' || 15 ''(+45)'' || 4 ''(+56)'' || 1 ''(+59)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} mounts one coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and one pintle-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun. These both have particularly high rates of fire, and can be used as a deterrent for close air support as well as clearing light obstacles and crew in open-top vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The recommended usage is the Hit and Run tactic. Try to avoid detection.

Scan and use the terrain to your advantage. Take into consideration the moderate vehicle height, which allows you to go turret down in certain locations, allowing you to safely use your commander's binoculars to locate targets! Then, after you have located the enemy, fire a few rounds in quick succession and relocate when spotted, especially when the enemy shots come dangerously close. The Leopard is quite fast, so taking hits from a distance while on the move is a risk that you may consider worth taking.

Always remember: The Leopard is not designed to take hits from large calibre guns, nor fight in stand-off situations against heavier enemy vehicles. Frontally, the angle of the hull can bounce shots once in awhile, but you're better off not to rely on this. The turret front is also the same, it's best to attempt to only fire when you can avoid receiving a shot or relocating to a position if possible. The main goal is to make the opponent incapable of returning fire. The majority of Soviet rank V tanks ([[IS-3]], [[IS-4M]], [[T-10M]], [[T-54 (1951)|T-54s]], [[SU-122-54]], [[T-62]] or [[ZSU-57-2]]) gunners are disabled by penetrating the right side of the turret or hull, if they are faced towards you. If you have the possibility to hit a Soviet tanks hull, which is again faced towards you, prioritize it because it is likely to take it out with one shot to the right side of the hull (3 out of 4 crew member are sitting in a row). American top tier tanks like the [[M103]], [[M47]] or [[M60]] are harder to take out. It is advised to take out the gunner first, which is located on the left side of the turret and then take out the rest of the remaining crew members. Hitting the ammo rack of your opponent is often the fastest way to take out an enemy vehicle, keep in mind though there is a small chance the ammo will not blow up (Best ammo types to ammo rack: HEAT-FS > APDS > HESH).

Sometimes moving is not an option, but remember, directly behind your hull front sits a large portion of your ammunition, at least if you're fully loaded. Always have that in mind when positioning yourself against the enemy - and don't forget that you don't have to stack all of your ammunition racks to their maximum capacity! Sometimes it can be wise to take less ammunition with you, as it will increase your survivability when taking hits - especially with the Leopard. The Leopard's worst nemeses are the [[ZSU-57-2]] and the [[IT-1]]. The ZSU-57-2 can be easily killed if hitting one of the many ammo racks in the big turret, which most often leads to an explosion of the whole tank. The IT-1 on the other hand can be quite hard to deal with, since they are able to operate perfectly hull down only exposing the roof mounted ATGM. Hitting (only black damage status counts, red damage does not prevent from firing ATGM) the rocket mount/cannon barrel forces the IT-1 to repair for a whole 27 seconds (maxed out + expert crew). To perform a full 360° turn use the neutral (N) or third (3) gear (~11 sec).

''In a nutshell:'' Use the superb mobility with the cannon's perfection to flank and spank enemies, wait and hunt for the perfect positions and kill the enemy tanks one by one, while always maintaining a good situational awareness. Patience is the key to success. That is the Leopard 1, a perfect tactical MBT!

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| DM502
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| DM12
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| Smoke grenade
| NVD
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| DM23
| Rangefinder
|-
|}

After the Parts and FPE modules are researched, the NVD modification and the DM23 are the priority for research. These drastically improve the Leopard's lethality. After that, the Rangefinder module may be useful for those looking for a long-range sniping play-style. The Smoke grenade module and mobility upgrades are useful in a more close-up play-style.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast, agile, and a relatively good acceleration
* Very efficient and flat-shooting DM23 APFSDS shell
* Good optics providing a nice zoom for longer distances
* Wide gun depression and elevation, good slew and elevation rates
* Better fire on the move accuracy due to its good stabilizer
* Side skirts provide additional spaced armour, which protects against HESH shells as well as some heavier MG/autocannon fire, and can help bounce bigger shells

'''Cons:'''

* Extra armour increases weight - slightly reducing mobility
* Insufficient armour (basically a glass cannon) for protection
* APFSDS is tier 4 modification - there is a long grind with APDS and HEATFS before it is unlocked
* Ammo rack in the front - a very easy target, and if more ammo than minimum is carried, the tank will blow up once the ammo is struck
* Small internal compartment (only 4 crew members) - a penetrating hit, which happens more often than a nonpenetrating one, can easily disable the tank by killing three crew members
* Stock APDS is rather lacklustre, especially against angled Soviet armour
* Bad gun elevation speed

== History ==


===Development===
The project for the Leopard started as far back as 1956 as an attempt to replace the American [[M47]] and [[M48A1|M48 Patton]] tanks in service at the time as they were becoming outdated to newer anti-tank technology. Specifications for the new tank came in July 1957 asking for a design weighing no more than 30 tons, with a power-to-weight ratio of 30 horsepower per ton and could withstand 20 mm gunfire alongside protection against chemical weapons and radiation fallout, which was becoming extremely common protection system for the modern tank designs. The design stressed mobility as the main focus, while firepower comes next and armour was relegated to minimum priority. The lack of focus on armour was because of the belief that no matter how much armour a tank can have, it will eventually fall obsolete to the advent of newer anti-tank weapons such as the HEAT rounds, which was becoming stronger and stronger by the years.

In the initial stages of development, France, and West Germany, interested in this tank design, worked on it from 1957 to build a common tank and the project was designated the ''Europa-Panzer''. France had AMX, SLD Lorraine, and SOMUA with FCM Renault working on the project, while Germany had Porsche, Rheinmetall with Henschel, and Borgward working on the project. In 1958, Italy entered into the development as well, though it's not sure if they provided much to the program. By 1960, Porsche and Rheinmetall had prototypes submitted, as well as AMX from France, all the others failed to provide a prototype in time. In 1963, the Porsche prototype was selected as the winner in 1963, though even before this decision the vehicle already has priority in being built in greater number than the others. Though a tank is set, France and Germany split in the joint tank project in 1963 after France opted out of standardization with the NATO forces. This left Germany alone with their Leopard tank development, which they continued.

The Porsche Prototype II was well received, though changes were made to the design such as a new cast turret, hull design change, and relocating the radiators. The tank now mounted the 105mm L7 gun over the Rheinmetall design, as well as adding an optical range-finding system for increased gunnery. The design finished trials by the end of 1963 and production started in Munich in February 1964. The first batches began arriving to the Bundeswehr (German Army) in September of 1965 and were put into units by November of that same year. The tank was finally designated the '''Leopard 1''', with the prototype stage labelled as the ''[[Leopard I|Leopard 1A0]]''.

===Usage===
After the first delivery, many upgrades were made on the tank throughout its production and service life. The first few Leopards were designated ''Leopard 1A1'' and continued all the way to ''Leopard 1A6'' as it incorporates new technology such as sights, gun, radios, armour, or even small upgrades or redesigns on some parts. Some of these Leopards are even upgraded further in each variant form, for example, the '''Leopard 1A1A1''' which had it fitted with new turret armour and night sights. Other than the different variants, the Leopard 1 was also extensively modified or made into derivatives in roles such as anti-aircraft guns, armour recovery vehicles, bridge layers, and such.

The versatility of the Leopard 1 design and its rather cheap cost in comparison to other tanks at the time made it a useful tank and it was sought out by many different countries in and out of the NATO force group. These countries put them into service in the conflict, such as Denmark, which is believed to be the first country to use the Leopard 1 in hostile engagement, when going against Bosnian Serb forces. Canada also used the Leopard 1 extensively in the War in Afghanistan in 2006 as convoy protection units. Greece also had Leopard 1s and is the largest user of it, with over 500 units of ''Leopard 1A5s'' in service.

The Leopard 1 versatility and widespread use compared to other tanks in the NATO service made it a very useful weapon system for armies that couldn't afford the new American Pattons or Abrams tanks or the British Challengers and [[Chieftain Mk 3|Chieftains]]. The Leopard 1 in German service was eventually replaced by the Leopard 2 design, which entered into service in 1979 as the main battle tank with better armour and better gun compared to the Leopard 1, fully replacing it in 2003. Other countries followed suit by upgrading their tanks to either the Leopard 2, the American M1 Abrams, or their own domestic tank designs. The vehicle in its various modernized forms are still operated by third parties such as Canada, Brazil, Turkey, and Greece. Some are kept in reserve in Chile and Ecuador due to their light frames and ease of use in soft soils like in the jungles in their countries.

== Media ==


;Images

[[File:LeopardA1A1 BundeswehrNATOcamo.jpg|x250px|thumbnail|none| The Leopard A1A1 with NATO woodland camouflage and Bundeswehr emblem.]]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|be_H5-0xhiM|A Leopard A1A1 at Militracks on the move}}

== See also ==


* [[Leopard A1A1 (L/44)]] - premium version of the vehicle

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4233-development-leopard-a1a1-modernized-blitzkrieg-en/|[Devblog] Leopard A1A1 - Modernized Blitzkrieg]]
* [http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product152.html [Army-Guide.com<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 1 overview page]

{{Germany medium tanks}}

SU-57

2020-05-23T09:37:54Z

U73853576: its not russian, it is soviet

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_su_57}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_SU-57.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"]]. The vehicle is similar to the American [[M3 GMC|75 mm GMC M3]] by mounting a gun on the back of a half-track. The 57 mm gun can nearly penetrate most tanks at its battle rating range, nearly 100 mm at 500 meters away with regular AP rounds.

The most distinctive feature of this vehicle is its gun. Armed with very accurate 57 mm M1 gun with penetration of almost 90 mm on 2000m and fast reload speed, SU-57 is very effective long-range tank destroyer. Aside from that, SU-57 is very mobile, fast and agile. This, however, is vital for its survival as the vehicle basically lacks adequate armour protection. In order to use the SU-57 effectively, it is essential to combine its firepower with its mobility - attack selected targets from distance and be prepared for rapid relocation, as one well-placed enemy shot can tear the vehicle apart. On the other hand, one well-placed shot of the 57mm gun can tear apart almost everything SU-57 encounters, especially when aiming for weak spots.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Structural steel

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 6.35 mm (31°) ''Engine grille'' 6.35-12.7 mm (84°) ''Hood'' 6.35 mm (29-30°) ''Front plate'' || 6.35 mm (1-2°) || 6.35 mm (1°) || N/A
|-
| Turret (Gun shield) || 12.7 mm (24-79°) || 12.7 mm (16°) || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 7 mm thick.
* Wheels in the front are 2 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 6.35 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 210|rbMinHp= 131|}}

== Armaments ==

{{main|M1 (57 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M1 (57 mm)|57 mm M1]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 99 || -5°/+15° || ±27° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 4.2 || 5.8 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 4.2 || 4.9 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 5.2 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M70 || AP ||117||114||97||80|| 66 ||54
|-
| M86 || APCBC ||103||100||85||69||56||46
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M70 || AP || 900 || 2.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M86 || APCBC || 822 || 2.7 || 1.2 || 20 || 41.16 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_SU-57.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the SU-57.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''99''' || 75 ''(+24)'' || 50 ''(+49)'' || 25 ''(+74)'' || 1 ''(+98)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}
Bottom empty: 75 ''(+24)''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| M86
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
|
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Accurate and powerful gun capable of penetration even on vast distances
* Can destroy basically everything it encounters very easily
* Great mobility and speed of the half-track vehicle compared to tanks
* Ability to snipe from distance and relocate quickly if needed
* Enemy shells often fly through its thin armour without dealing any serious damage
* Crew has better protection compared to the American [[M3 GMC|75mm M3 GMC]]

'''Cons:'''

* Lack of armour protection - vulnerable even to machine gun fire
* Vulnerable to shrapnel and artillery shelling due to its open top
* Rather limited gun arc
* Cannot turn on one spot as tracked SPG can due to its half-track configuration

== History ==

===Development===
The '''SU-57''' began as the ''T48 57 mm Gun Motor Carriage'' from the United States. This is similar to their previous anti-tank vehicle the [[M3 GMC|75 mm GMC M3]], which mounted a 75 mm M1897A4 gun instead. The development started from a British and American requirement for a vehicle mounting the 6-pounder gun. This was fulfilled with the 57 mm gun M1 (A US version of the 6-pounder) and this was installed on the rear of an M3 Half-track. Orders came in at April 1942, but the Americans soon drop theirs after the [[M10 GMC|M10 GMC]] was put into production. Thus, the T48 was to be lend-leased to Allied countries and was never classified in the American inventory.

The vehicle was tested at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds in May 1942 and was upgraded along the way with new mounting and recoil mechanism. A gun shield with 5/8 inches of armour on the front and 1/4 inch armour on the sides and top provided protection for the crew but was relatively low in height. The employment of the 75 mm GMC M3 had the T48 equipped with headlights that were demountable. The vehicle was approved for production in 1942 and was built until 1943 with 962 vehicles produced total.

===Combat usage===
The vehicle was delivered to the British and the Soviet Union as part of the Lend-Lease Act. The British were to use it in the Western Desert Campaign around Egypt and Libya, but the victory was achieved before the vehicles could arrive and do anything. After that, the 57 mm gun on the T48 was being superseded by the 75 mm gun from the US and the 17-pounder from the British. The T48 became surplus in British inventory and some were shipped to the Soviet Union as aid as well. The T48 in Soviet service was called '''SU-57''' (Samokhodnaya ustanovka 57 - Self-propelled gun 57) and they received about 650 units in the course of the war. Some went to the Polish People's Army as well. Aside from that, British and Americans still retained several T48s but were all converted back into regular M3 Half-track carriers except for one in 1944. The German Wehrmacht also operated a few T48 as Half-track carriers due to being captured by the British and Soviet Union.

The Soviet Union employed the weapon most notably in their Summer 1944 offensive Operation Bagration. It was widely used by the Soviet 16th Separate Tank Destroyer Brigade in 1943 at the Dnieper River and the 19th Brigade in 1944 at the Baranow bridgehead. These vehicles would continue to serve in various units up until the Berlin and Prague offensives into Germany and Poland. They were allocated to 60 vehicles per brigade and the SU-57s were used as mobile fire support for the infantry due to their mobility. The 57 mm proved very well in this role as it could effectively hide behind a hill and fire from a long range due to the 57 mm gun.

=== In-game description ===
A self-propelled artillery/anti-tank mount based on the M3 semitrack transporter. Its weapons system included a six-pound British anti-tank cannon. The entire project was completed based on an order by Great Britain in 1942. The SPG was released between December 1942 and May 1943. In the end, Great Britain determined that the project was unnecessary, so this mount was used most widely in the USSR, where most of the SPGs produced were provided as part of the lend-lease program.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR tank destroyers}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}

Leopard A1A1 (L/44)

2020-04-30T12:21:32Z

U73853576: L44 HEATFS velocity 1100m/s--> 1140m/s

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_leopard_a1a1_120}}
{{About
|about=medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=Leopard (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage Leopard A1A1 (L 44).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


Players who have purchased the Leopard A1A1 L44 should be familiar with the armour of non-premium Leopard 1s. If not, the Leopard may not be what people expect a tank to be. It was developed before composite materials were discovered at a time where HEAT shells were so effective that in order for armour to be effective, it would be so thick that it would not be practical. Hence, the designers of Leopard 1s, knowing that there was no possible way of stopping HEAT rounds, removed the concept of armour. In essence, the Leopard A1A1 has no armour. The front hull, accounting slope, is only some 130 mm thick. The turret and gun mantle are some 100 mm depending on the angle. [[BMP-2]]'s auto-cannon, racked with APDS, will penetrate your turret and will cause major damage. Any HEAT projectile impacting the tank will likely result in instantly being destroyed. However, the engine block can at times reliably save the crew from HEAT shells. APDS and APFSDS are a different story. The armour on the Leopard A1A1 is so thin that most non-explosive-filled shells will seldom cause spalling upon penetrating the side of the tank. Frontal penetrations will cause much more damage, as the armour is just enough to cause spalling.

The ready rack ammo is stored vertically within your turret to the left side of the tank. So AP penetrations to the right side of your tank may not set off the ammo. But, 3/4 of your crew are sited in a single file on the right side. So a penetration will knock you out nonetheless. Try to take no more than 18 shells, as it will increase the likelihood of ammo cook-off. The point is not to get hit, because if anything hits you, it will go through, and it will cause damage.

In some cases, you could operate the tank backwards and use your engine block as a shield, as most HEAT shells will be absorbed by your transmission, radiator and engine. Although in this position you have limited depression as the engine block forces the gun upwards.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1286|rbMinHp= 734|}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is between the [[XM-1 (GM)|XM-1]] and [[T-55AM-1|T-55AM-1]]. Forward speed off road, expect some 40-50 km/h. The reverse is about -15 km/h off-road. The neutral steering is absolutely amazing, you are able to swivel your tank easily. The suspensions are also great, very soft with great dampening effects, so expect a smooth drive.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)}}

The legendary 120 mm Rheinmetall L44 cannon does not fall short of its name. You get access to only two types of shells, DM13 APFSDS and DM12 HEAT-FS, with both being highly competitive and effective at its battle-rating. The DM13 APFSDS round has a whopping 390 mm of penetration and is capable of defeating any armour of any tank this tank may potentially face, bar the [[T-64B]]. The round also travels extremely fast at 1,650 m/s, making long-range shooting and hitting moving targets exceptionally easy. The HEAT-FS, on the other hand, will result in hull-breaks on lightly armoured targets while also being free of cost. The 120 mm HEAT with its 480 mm penetration is able hull-break [[Object 120]]s and [[Object 906|906]]s and anything that's not a main battle tank. For example, you can hit the tracks of an anti-aircraft vehicle, and it will hull-break. The 1,140 m/s velocity may, however, make long-range engagements more difficult, especially when dealing with moving targets.

The L44 also features a decent reload time of 8.7 seconds stock and 6.7 seconds spaded, which is comparable to its 105 mm armed counterpart. The gun also features a stabiliser, firing on the move a definite capability. However, it only works up to around 30 to 40 km/h. Beyond that, the gun becomes quite jittery and hard to aim.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is armed with two MG 3A1s, which fires a 7.62 mm round. However, these are more of deterrents to helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, as the small calibre bullets will rarely cause critical damage to aircraft.

== Usage in battles ==
====Arcade Battles====
The Leopard A1A1 (L/44) is quite similar to that of it in Realistic Battles. The vehicle sports an excellent 120mm L/44 cannon which can make short work of any vehicle that it sees without any issues. However, its armour is extremely lacking and the mobility while good is not as good as an OF-40 (MTCA) or AMX-30 Super. Playing in Arcade Battles, it's best to make sure that you are always the first to fire, ensuring you get the jump on your enemies first. What's best done is to hull down and take advantage of the rather good 9 degrees of gun depression and ensuring that you are currently covering a relatively active zone of combat. With its cannon, it can be a very effective sniper or defensive vehicle as those both styles usually involves getting the jump on the enemy while remaining stationary in a concealed position. If done right, the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) can be an extremely effective weapon in Arcade Battles. It's still best to prioritize targets by targeting the most dangerous ones first in order to be of most help to your team. The tank's mobility does allow for flanking however avoid direct confrontation as much as possible.

==== Realistic battles ====
The primary role of the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) should be that of a long-range sniper and flanker. Its incredible firepower with its 120 mm gun makes it easy to engage and destroy any tank from long distances while remaining concealed and thus protected from enemy fire. The good mobility on this vehicle allows you to reach good positions to snipe from and the laser rangefinder makes long-range targeting easy. The lack of armour on this tank makes direct engagements very risky and often nonviable so keeping at a distance maximises your chances of survival and opportunity to inflict damage. Alternatively, the Leopard can be employed in flanking manoeuvres, using its good mobility to encircle the enemy and destroy them while they are unaware, again removing the danger of enemy fire destroying your tank.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility with excellent hull traverse and reverse speeds
* Effective gun with powerful ammunition able to defeat any opponent at its battle-rating
* The reload speed hasn't changed despite its new 120 mm cannon
* Laser rangefinder
* Despite the addition of bigger gun, the mobility hasn't changed
* Night vision device (thermal) for the gunner

'''Cons:'''

* Armour does not reliably protect against even autocannons
* No available heavy machine gun, often helpless against helicopter attacks

== History ==

Development of a Leopard 1 fitted with the 120mm L44 cannon began as a private venture of the Rheinmetall company, hoping that such a Leopard 1 variant would be of interest, not just to the German army due to logistical commonalities with the Leopard 2 and higher performance of the gun, but also to international customers seeking third generation MBT features on older machines.

In the early 1980s, a Leopard 1A1A1 was modified with a thicker cast steel mantlet, suitable for mounting the Rheinmetall 120mm cannon, and additional interior changes to hold the respective ammunition. Further changes were applied in early 1985, with the installation of the EMES 18 fire control system from the Leopard 1A5.

Although there were several different prototypes based on Leopard 1 outfitted with the 120mm Rheinmetall cannon, none of them managed to justify a costly large scale upgrade effort of existing Leopard 1s. The upgrade was largely considered redundant due to the already more advanced Leopard 2 being in service.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en Devblog]''

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|VSCwCJOW4-Q|'''The Shooting Range #117''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:53 discusses the Leopard A1A1 (L/44).|Vm0waTJnLrM|'''Downtiered and More Competitive''' - Leopard A1A1 L/44 - War Thunder RB Gameplay'' - Jim Chamberlin''|nwskQP2t5Io|'''WT: Leo A1A1 (L/44) - Tank Review''' ''- Napalmratte''|Gta_R82mUXg|'''Premium Vehicles: Leopard 1A1A1 mit L/44''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 1 with the Rheinmetall 120mm L44]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

Leopard A1A1 (L/44)

2020-04-27T22:40:26Z

U73853576: /* Armaments */ L44 HEATFS 650mm pen->480mm pen

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_leopard_a1a1_120}}
{{About
|about=medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=Leopard (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage Leopard A1A1 (L 44).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


Players who have purchased the Leopard A1A1 L44 should be familiar with the armour of non-premium Leopard 1s. If not, the Leopard may not be what people expect a tank to be. It was developed before composite materials were discovered at a time where HEAT shells were so effective that in order for armour to be effective, it would be so thick that it would not be practical. Hence, the designers of Leopard 1s, knowing that there was no possible way of stopping HEAT rounds, removed the concept of armour. In essence, the Leopard A1A1 has no armour. The front hull, accounting slope, is only some 130 mm thick. The turret and gun mantle are some 100 mm depending on the angle. [[BMP-2]]'s auto-cannon, racked with APDS, will penetrate your turret and will cause major damage. Any HEAT projectile impacting the tank will likely result in instantly being destroyed. However, the engine block can at times reliably save the crew from HEAT shells. APDS and APFSDS are a different story. The armour on the Leopard A1A1 is so thin that most non-explosive-filled shells will seldom cause spalling upon penetrating the side of the tank. Frontal penetrations will cause much more damage, as the armour is just enough to cause spalling.

The ready rack ammo is stored vertically within your turret to the left side of the tank. So AP penetrations to the right side of your tank may not set off the ammo. But, 3/4 of your crew are sited in a single file on the right side. So a penetration will knock you out nonetheless. Try to take no more than 18 shells, as it will increase the likelihood of ammo cook-off. The point is not to get hit, because if anything hits you, it will go through, and it will cause damage.

In some cases, you could operate the tank backwards and use your engine block as a shield, as most HEAT shells will be absorbed by your transmission, radiator and engine. Although in this position you have limited depression as the engine block forces the gun upwards.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1286|rbMinHp= 734|}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is between the [[XM-1 (GM)|XM-1]] and [[T-55AM-1|T-55AM-1]]. Forward speed off road, expect some 40-50 km/h. The reverse is about -15 km/h off-road. The neutral steering is absolutely amazing, you are able to swivel your tank easily. The suspensions are also great, very soft with great dampening effects, so expect a smooth drive.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)}}

The legendary 120 mm Rheinmetall L44 cannon does not fall short of its name. You get access to only two types of shells, DM13 APFSDS and DM12 HEAT-FS, with both being highly competitive and effective at its battle-rating. The DM13 APFSDS round has a whopping 390 mm of penetration and is capable of defeating any armour of any tank this tank may potentially face, bar the [[T-64B]]. The round also travels extremely fast at 1,650 m/s, making long-range shooting and hitting moving targets exceptionally easy. The HEAT-FS, on the other hand, will result in hull-breaks on lightly armoured targets while also being free of cost. The 120 mm HEAT with its 480 mm penetration is able hull-break [[Object 120]]s and [[Object 906|906]]s and anything that's not a main battle tank. For example, you can hit the tracks of an anti-aircraft vehicle, and it will hull-break. The 1,100 m/s velocity may, however, make long-range engagements more difficult, especially when dealing with moving targets.

The L44 also features a decent reload time of 8.7 seconds stock and 6.7 seconds spaded, which is comparable to its 105 mm armed counterpart. The gun also features a stabiliser, firing on the move a definite capability. However, it only works up to around 30 to 40 km/h. Beyond that, the gun becomes quite jittery and hard to aim.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is armed with two MG 3A1s, which fires a 7.62 mm round. However, these are more of deterrents to helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, as the small calibre bullets will rarely cause critical damage to aircraft.

== Usage in battles ==
====Arcade Battles====
The Leopard A1A1 (L/44) is quite similar to that of it in Realistic Battles. The vehicle sports an excellent 120mm L/44 cannon which can make short work of any vehicle that it sees without any issues. However, its armour is extremely lacking and the mobility while good is not as good as an OF-40 (MTCA) or AMX-30 Super. Playing in Arcade Battles, it's best to make sure that you are always the first to fire, ensuring you get the jump on your enemies first. What's best done is to hull down and take advantage of the rather good 9 degrees of gun depression and ensuring that you are currently covering a relatively active zone of combat. With its cannon, it can be a very effective sniper or defensive vehicle as those both styles usually involves getting the jump on the enemy while remaining stationary in a concealed position. If done right, the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) can be an extremely effective weapon in Arcade Battles. It's still best to prioritize targets by targeting the most dangerous ones first in order to be of most help to your team. The tank's mobility does allow for flanking however avoid direct confrontation as much as possible.

==== Realistic battles ====
The primary role of the Leopard A1A1 (L/44) should be that of a long-range sniper and flanker. Its incredible firepower with its 120 mm gun makes it easy to engage and destroy any tank from long distances while remaining concealed and thus protected from enemy fire. The good mobility on this vehicle allows you to reach good positions to snipe from and the laser rangefinder makes long-range targeting easy. The lack of armour on this tank makes direct engagements very risky and often nonviable so keeping at a distance maximises your chances of survival and opportunity to inflict damage. Alternatively, the Leopard can be employed in flanking manoeuvres, using its good mobility to encircle the enemy and destroy them while they are unaware, again removing the danger of enemy fire destroying your tank.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility with excellent hull traverse and reverse speeds
* Effective gun with powerful ammunition able to defeat any opponent at its battle-rating
* The reload speed hasn't changed despite its new 120 mm cannon
* Laser rangefinder
* Despite the addition of bigger gun, the mobility hasn't changed
* Night vision device (thermal) for the gunner

'''Cons:'''

* Armour does not reliably protect against even autocannons
* No available heavy machine gun, often helpless against helicopter attacks

== History ==

Development of a Leopard 1 fitted with the 120mm L44 cannon began as a private venture of the Rheinmetall company, hoping that such a Leopard 1 variant would be of interest, not just to the German army due to logistical commonalities with the Leopard 2 and higher performance of the gun, but also to international customers seeking third generation MBT features on older machines.

In the early 1980s, a Leopard 1A1A1 was modified with a thicker cast steel mantlet, suitable for mounting the Rheinmetall 120mm cannon, and additional interior changes to hold the respective ammunition. Further changes were applied in early 1985, with the installation of the EMES 18 fire control system from the Leopard 1A5.

Although there were several different prototypes based on Leopard 1 outfitted with the 120mm Rheinmetall cannon, none of them managed to justify a costly large scale upgrade effort of existing Leopard 1s. The upgrade was largely considered redundant due to the already more advanced Leopard 2 being in service.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en Devblog]''

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|VSCwCJOW4-Q|'''The Shooting Range #117''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:53 discusses the Leopard A1A1 (L/44).|Vm0waTJnLrM|'''Downtiered and More Competitive''' - Leopard A1A1 L/44 - War Thunder RB Gameplay'' - Jim Chamberlin''|nwskQP2t5Io|'''WT: Leo A1A1 (L/44) - Tank Review''' ''- Napalmratte''|Gta_R82mUXg|'''Premium Vehicles: Leopard 1A1A1 mit L/44''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5724-development-leopard-1-with-the-rheinmetall-120mm-l44-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 1 with the Rheinmetall 120mm L44]

{{Germany medium tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}