War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

SK60B

2021-08-24T02:19:19Z

U69924756: /* Flight performance */ Added details about the reverse thrusters and their usage

{{About
| about = Swedish strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = SAAB-105 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_sk60b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

The {{PAGENAME}}, better known as the Saab 105, is a light training vehicle designed for the Swedish army. The vehicle is incredibly light and nimble, and served as ground attacker, thanks to its versatile arsenal of suspended armaments.

== General info ==
The {{PAGENAME}} is one of the more unique planes the Swedish tech-tree offers, especially at the higher ranks. The plane is fairly modern in comparison to jets of the same BR, sporting the same paint-scheme and armament as the much faster [[J35D]]. The {{PAGENAME}} is incredibly small, but with a wide fuselage to accommodate the twin-seat configuration the trainer offers. The wings are mounted in a high-up position, similar to planes like the [[La-15]]. The plane is propelled by two engines that are mounted just outside the fuselage, giving the plane a top speed of just around 800 km/h. The tail is of a T-shape design and works effectively at all speeds, contributing to good manoeuvrability and low stall-speed. Overall the {{PAGENAME}} is a fitting plane for pilots not yet used to jet combat. The plane flies like most piston-engine fighters, lacking in speed but featuring supreme mobility, but also firepower. The {{PAGENAME}} doesn't feature any internal weaponry, but carries two Akan m/55 gunpods, with the same fire rate, burst mass, and positioning as the Draken. This firepower is one of the best at its rank, especially considering the {{PAGENAME}} carries almost twice the ammunition compared to the J35D. Although it's easy to feel godlike with firepower this immense, staying away from fully commit head-on engagements will definitely keep you alive a lot longer, as the {{PAGENAME}} isn't particularly survivable.

=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


Being a trainer aircraft by nature, the {{PAGENAME}} is very forgiving in aerodynamics. The plane performs ideally at most speeds, and has a stall speed below 200 km/h, allowing for advanced manoeuvring without risking the pilot's life. The rudder and elevators respond quickly, and deflect even at speeds the airframe itself can't sustain. The ailerons are also powerful, allowing the {{PAGENAME}} to smoothly roll in engagements, which along with the other control surfaces, makes it superior in dogfights.
[[File:SK60B Attack Run by D33F.png|left|thumb|420x420px|A pair of {{PAGENAME}}s diving on a target with air-brakes deployed.]]
The flight performance isn't perfect, as the {{PAGENAME}} has obvious downsides from its trainer background. The {{PAGENAME}} is incredibly slow. The plane struggles to break above 700 km/h at most, and will slowly decrease in speed as the fight goes on, as manoeuvres bleeds speed. The {{PAGENAME}} has no real way to gain this speed back either, as the acceleration is sluggish. Although nothing out of the ordinary for early jets, the {{PAGENAME}} doesn't have the top speed to back this up compared to its peers, meaning that most low-altitude dogfights will result in the Saab being the "sitting duck" most of the time. Taking suspended armaments (which is a must) doesn't aid the overall engine performance. Even taking the Akan m/55 gunpods, which are considered aerodynamic, lowers the rate-of-climb significantly, putting it below 20 m/s. Thankfully, the {{PAGENAME}} is classed as an attacker, giving it an altitude spawn of around 1,000 metres. A smart pilot goes for the altitude advantage, as it compensates for any lack of power the {{PAGENAME}} suffers from.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 760 || 741 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.0 || 25.4 || 17.7 || 16.7 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 824 || 792 || 23.6 || 24.0 || 26.8 || 22.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
!Reverse Thrusters
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|✓
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 387 || 350 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 650 || < 580 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Turbomeca RM9B || 2
| colspan="3" | 2,262 kg || colspan="3" | 204 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 29m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 98m fuel
|-
| 298 kg || colspan="2" | Low-bypass turbofan
| 2,577 kg || 2,588 kg || 2,751 kg || 2,914 kg || 3,327 kg || 5,606 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (102%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 102%
! 29m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 98m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 720 kgf || 763 kgf
| 0.59 || 0.59 || 0.55 || 0.52 || 0.46 || 0.27
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 720 kgf (0 km/h) || 763 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.59 || 0.59 || 0.55 || 0.52 || 0.46 || 0.27
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The {{PAGENAME}} is lightweight, and thus forgoes any sort of armour protection to save weight. This decision is logical, as the {{PAGENAME}} was originally designed with only training purposes in mind. This can be experienced in-game, especially in the lack of cockpit protection, as the pilot and navigator will take turns getting killed in frontal attacks. It is thus never recommended to fully commit in a head-on engagement, as even if a pilot survives, the {{PAGENAME}} will become critically damaged, most likely causing it to crash. Even if the {{PAGENAME}} survives, the flight performance is heavily crippled, making the plane even slower than it already was.

Although weak, the {{PAGENAME}} has a few design tricks making its survivability advantageous, one of which is the engine layout. Since the {{PAGENAME}} is a twin-engine design, getting hit in one of these engines isn't considered fatal. The {{PAGENAME}} flies considerably well even using a single engine, making it back to base without any issue. Thanks to engines being slightly external, engine fires don't wound the overall fuselage as much as a single engine mount would. This makes putting out fires a bit easier, as the {{PAGENAME}} can just dive down to the deck with the engines shut off to extinguish it most of the time. The wings are also a strength of the {{PAGENAME}}. Although prone to breaking as the structure isn't particularly strong, the good aerodynamics allow the {{PAGENAME}} to fly despite missing a wing. The plane can also be easily landed after this, as the low stall speed, and robust fuselage, allow for effective emergency landings.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Rb05A|m/56D|psrak m/49A|Akan m/55 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x 30 mm Akan m/55 cannons (150 rpg = 300 total)

The standard armament found on the {{PAGENAME}} are two powerful Akan m/55 gunpods. These cannons are identical to platforms like the [[J35D]], giving the {{PAGENAME}} a formidable burst-mass of 12.15 kg/s! These guns are incredibly reliable and fast in velocity, as they're replicas of the [[ADEN (30 mm)|ADEN]] platform. This is one of the main advantages of the {{PAGENAME}} outside of manoeuvrability. Since the {{PAGENAME}} isn't particularly swift, having armament capable of reaching most opponents is a welcome addition. This can catch many people off-guard, and thus it's recommended to practice aiming these guns, along with finding a comfortable convergence setting for maximum efficiency.

These gunpods are also good against ground-based targets, especially in Air Realistic battles, where light pillboxes are common. The Akan m/55 is capable of destroying these in a short burst, allowing for some effective ticket bleed when there are no enemy fighters around. They can also be used in Ground Realistic to a certain extent, as they disintegrate any open-top vehicle. They also aid in air-support, as most fighters at this BR are propeller powered, unable to defend themselves against high-velocity 30 mm revolver cannons.

* 2 x Rb05A missiles

[[File:SK60B using Rb05A's by D33F.png|thumb|345x345px|The {{PAGENAME}} carrying the Rb05A AGM during a roll.]]
The {{PAGENAME}} features a lot of unique armament compared to most other Swedish vehicles. One of the most unique of which are two Rb05A Air-to-Ground missiles. Similar to the American [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] in design and explosive mass, the {{PAGENAME}} goes one step further by featuring a proximity-fuse inside the missile. This makes the Rb05 incredibly unique for its class, as it is the only missile, outside of helicopters, capable of effectively dealing with both aerial and grounded opponents. Since the missile is intended for distanced ground-attacks, the Rb05 features a range of over 8 km, making it useful against long-range bombers such as the [[B-29/Tu-4 (Family)|B-29]]. In Ground battles the missile is even more useful, as the explosive mass of 48 kg allows for reliable kills against ground units without putting the {{PAGENAME}} in front of radar SPAA. And since the Rb05 can be used against aerial opponents, the {{PAGENAME}} can easily deal with helicopters without going back to base.

* 6 x psrak m/49A rockets
* 12 x m/56D rockets

For players more interested in unguided air-support, the {{PAGENAME}} doesn't disappoint! The {{PAGENAME}} features 12 m/56D rockets also found on the J35D. Thanks to the superior aerodynamics of the {{PAGENAME}}, along with a lower battle-rating, the m/56 rockets get a lot more use than on the Draken. The velocity is immense, reaching 650m/s, allowing for accurate and distanced engagements. The m/56D carriers less explosives than the earlier m/49A, but compensates for this by still featuring the same penetration values. This makes the m/56 overall better than the earlier m/49A, as the higher velocity makes engagements a lot easier.

It is important to remember that the {{PAGENAME}} is incredibly vulnerable to SPAA when using the m/56D, as they require the {{PAGENAME}} to position itself close to the battlefield. And since the {{PAGENAME}} is one of the slowest jet-powered aircraft in the game, even machine-gun fire can prove lethal if the plane is flown carelessly. Sticking low to the ground and carefully observing opponents is a must if a pilot wants to make every rocket count.

== Usage in battles ==

'''Air Realistic Battles'''

* Climb to 3,500-5,000 m (11,500-16,500 ft)
* Boom & Zoom opponents
* Conserve ammunition at longer ranges
* Force faster opponents to turnfight
* Prioritize bombers if possible
* Ground strike after dealing with enemy players

The {{PAGENAME}} gets the luxury of spawning at around 1,000 metres from the start, as the plane is classified as an attacker. Just like the [[A-4B|A-4B Skyhawk]], the {{PAGENAME}} can use this advantage to gain the upper hand during the first few minutes of the game. Although many players are purely playing the {{PAGENAME}} for ground battles, diving to the deck will overall limit the {{PAGENAME}}'s success, as the plane has no opportunity to gain speed back at low altitudes. At altitude however, the {{PAGENAME}} can be played more like a piston-engine fighter, using Boom & Zoom tactics to eliminate opponents. This is useful considering the {{PAGENAME}} performs incredibly well at altitude, having a maximum altitude of over 10,000 metres. The {{PAGENAME}} should still try to remain fairly fast, however, as many opponents, such as the [[F-89B]] or [[F-84 (Family)|F-84G]], can easily reach the Saab's altitude by zooming towards it. Keeping the {{PAGENAME}} at a 10° will result in airspeeds around 400 km/h, giving it some room to manoeuvre in case an opponent wants to take care of it. This speed can be maintained for a long time, but keeping the {{PAGENAME}} at an altitude below 5,000m will result in the most efficiency, as most opponents will stay below that threshold. After diving on opponents several times over, the {{PAGENAME}} can afford to be aggressive if the opportunity arises. The {{PAGENAME}} can force most opponents into dogfights, where they have no chance of defeating its superior turn-rate.

If the {{PAGENAME}} gets to face off against the US in a down-tier, it can be recommended to use the Rb05A AGM missile. This weapon system is originally meant for tanks and is indeed highly lethal in ground battles. But a hidden quirk of the missile is a proximity fuse, similar to the [[AA-20 Nord]] found on French aircraft. This is guaranteed to be lethal against planes like the [[B-29A-BN|B-29 Superfortress]], which is commonly found at this BR. The missile works incredibly well against fighters as well, as nobody expects the {{PAGENAME}} to fire a 48 kg warhead in a head-on engagement. The only downside is that the {{PAGENAME}} can only carry two of these, and is completely defenceless afterward. It's more of a fun gimmick at the beginning of a game, but can be quite useful when dealing with the last opponent camping in space.

'''Ground Realistic Battles'''

* Stay close to the ground - This counters SPAA
* Stay high and snipe SPAA with Rb05A's 8km range and proximity fuse

* Engage ground-units by shooting their compact areas at low altitude (m/56D, m/49/5)
* Attack heavier opponents by gaining altitude before the attack and then swiftly returning to low altitude after the engagement (Rb05A)
* Prioritize helicopters and enemy fighters (Rb05A, Akan m/55)
* Avoid enemy fighters (m/56D, m/49/56)
* Return to base immediately if needed

The most popular use of the {{PAGENAME}} is its intended purpose, known as Close Air Support. The {{PAGENAME}} performs somewhat favourably in this role, being incredibly lethal against tanks since the ordnance options are quite modern for its BR. The {{PAGENAME}} is the earliest example of AGM missiles of any plane in the game, being more than a whole BR below planes like the Fiat [[G.91 R/3 (Germany)|G.91 R/3]], and [[FJ-4B VMF-232]]. Although the Rb05A might look like the obvious option when selecting ground ordnance, the {{PAGENAME}} can easily rack up more kills using the m/56D rockets instead, as they can take out opponents in a single hit, without wasting more than one rocket at a time. This makes the m/56D six times as effective as the Rb05A if practised by an experienced pilot. They are also less dangerous to use, as the unguided rockets don't require any altitude to safely deploy.

When using the {{PAGENAME}} at higher battle ratings, the Rb05A is the most obvious option. Many tanks, especially modern ones, feature advanced protection against chemical explosions, something Swedish m/56 rockets make full use of. The Rb05 AGM missile is a lot more useful here, as no tank can survive a warhead its size, no matter where it impacts. This guarantees the {{PAGENAME}} at least two ground kills, something that can change the tide of the battle at higher ranks, where every opponent is of key importance. Staying low is even more important now, however, as radar SPAA is incredibly deadly at this BR, featuring heavy-calibre cannons and surface-to-air missiles. Only gaining altitude when engaging enemy tanks is important here, as only a few seconds of visibility results in total annihilation by SPAA, as the {{PAGENAME}} is too slow to avoid anything coming towards it.

Because the SK60B has reverse thrusters it makes it possible to land and capture the control points, unfortunately it still needs the standard distance to take off in, so some capture zones can be landed at, but you will be unable to take off afterwards. Long range and open maps are the easiest to capture a zone, these include (but are not limited to) Red Desert, Maginot Line, Fields of Poland, and European Provence.

{{Notice
|When using the {{PAGENAME}} at higher ranks, make sure to prioritize heavy attack helicopters. These can rack up several kills without anyone being equipped to engage them. The Rb05A was designed for this in mind, and can safely engage helicopters over 8km away, thanks to the deadly proximity fuse!
}}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Incredible manoeuvrability - Responds quickly to inputs and turns better than most opponents
* Devastating firepower - Access to ADEN gunpods and AGM missiles at a low battle-rating
* Access to attacker spawn
* Long endurance - High fuel and ammo count makes returning to base less frequent
* Decent survivability - It has 2 pilots, can fly without a wing, or without one of the engines
* Easy to land - Low stall speed and strong landing gear aids in critical touchdowns
* Has reverse thrusters - Allows very short landings and can taxi in reverse

'''Cons:'''

* Slow top-speed - Unable to catch most opponents it faces
* Weak engines - Loses speed in vertical manoeuvres
* Lack of cockpit protection - Pilot knockout incredibly common in head-on engagements
* Slow acceleration
* No integral offensive armament, requiring gun pods

== History ==

'''Background'''

Unlike most aircraft orders from the Swedish Air-Force, the Sk60 has an unusual background compared to its peers. The aircraft initially started as a commercial project under the name 220, led by none other than Eric Bratt, one of the main engineers behind the J35D. The aircraft was supposed to serve as a private airliner, sporting two engines, and a delta-wing design. But in the autumn of 1958, the Swedish Air-Force was looking for a successor to replace the ageing Sk28C Vampire. This led Bratt and his team to rework the design of project 220, switching the delta-wing design for a conventional straight-wing one. When the Air-Force later specified that this trainer had to carry external ordnance in the form of gun pods, rockets, and bombs, the wing was moved to an upper position. A result of this radical change forced a complete reconstruction of the elevator, mounting it higher than before. Along with some tweaking of the cockpit design, the project received the official name Saab 105.
[[File:Saab 105 prototype.png|alt=A black & white image showing the Second Saab 105 prototype mid-flight. The aircraft is mostly unpainted, while carrying civilian markings.|thumb|Second Saab 105 prototype mid-flight]]
The first test flight was conducted in July of 1963, piloted by Karl-Erik Fernberg. The second prototype flew a year later, in June 1964. After some extensive modifying of the air-intakes and wing-structure, the plane was deemed worthy of production. However, during this period the design was going through extensive changes in terms of propulsion, as the French Turbomèca-Aubisque engines (RM9) lacked the required strength. This problem would delay the program another year, but would increase the overall engine thrust.
The third prototype was deemed worthy of service by December of 1965. And by April 1966, the Sk60A would enter service with F5 Air-Division stationed at Ljungbyhed. Disappointingly, the French engines showed a lack of reliability and required a lot of modifying. This issue was however solved by SAAB during the second batch. The deliveries were finalized by 1968.

'''Sk60B'''

The Sk60B was the second modification of the Saab 105. This version, just like the Sk60C, was directly modified from already existing Sk60A's. The Sk60B featured a gunsight, along with the capability of carrying external ordnance in the form of bombs and rockets. The Sk60C went through identical modifications but featured an elongated nose-cone housing a panoramic camera for additional reconnaissance capabilities. Although the early Sk60 only sported a carrying capacity of around 700 kg, the external ordnance allowed for diverse options depending on the mission, capable of dealing with lightly, and heavily armoured targets.

'''Light attack purposes'''

The Sk60B and Sk60C would see extensive use outside the primary training purpose, as on the 29th of May, 1972, the Swedish government decided a reorganization of the Air-Force's attacker divisions. This forced four attack divisions to be converted into four light-attack divisions, making use of the lightweight Sk60B and Sk60C. These would be stationed accordingly at F21, F5, F3, and F16 fighter wing. The Sk60 was light and slow compared to the Viggen platform. The plane operated inland, as the strike capacity wasn't enough for naval operations, aside from small patrol boats and landing crafts. One major advantage of the Sk60 however, was the small profile and good aerodynamic properties, allowing for precise strike operations. This was already realized long before 1972, as F21 Luleå, an air division located alongside infantry and armoured divisions, saw potential in the Sk60 for close air support as early as 1969. This attacker mentality was put into action on all divisions between 1974 and 1976 and would see extensive use throughout the decade. Although the Sk60B was more of a last-ditch vehicle for air support, the plane proved lethal when put against armoured targets and helicopters, as it could remain fairly hidden by flying low against the ground. This strategy was necessary to avoid incoming fire, as the Sk60 featured no countermeasures or modern avionics. But as a result of the twin-seat design, low altitude flying became a lot safer. The pilot could focus entirely on flying as the second seat was occupied by a navigator giving directions. Though a lack of avionics was a major as the Sk60B required full eye-contact with the target to engage it. This limited the plane to only operate during clear weather, and along with a limited range, made the plane less ideal for wartime conditions.

'''Present day'''

The light attack divisions were already getting disbanded by the early 80s, and the light-attack educational program, along with the remaining light-attack divisions, were entirely disbanded by 1998. Although it's easy to determine this as the end for the Sk60, the plane was still a fantastic trainer. The Sk60 went through a major engine overhaul in 1992, doubling its carrying capacity thanks to a much stronger engine. This fixed a lot of reliability issues, and thanks to modern avionics, the Sk60 featured ballistic computers and navigational systems. The Sk60 was projected to be withdrawn from service several times, but thanks to its reliability and flight performance, the Sk60 remains in active use with both the Swedish and Austrian air force, more than 55 years after its introduction. By some estimates, the Sk60 will remain in the Swedish Air-Force until 2030, making the Sk60 older than its numerical designation.

=== [[wt:en/news/6912-development-saab-sk-60b-instructed-to-destroy-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1959, Saab began development of a new twin-engine jet aircraft, intended to serve a wide variety of different roles both in civilian and military use. This led to questions being raised regarding the powerplant choice for the new aircraft, causing delays in development. However, once the decision was made to develop the new aircraft solely for military purposes, the project substantially picked up in momentum.

By 1961, Saab's efforts were endorsed by the Swedish Air Force, which sponsored the development of the aircraft, by then known as the Saab 105, and ordered the production of a prototype in trainer configuration for testing. The prototype took to the skies for its maiden flight in June 1963 and quickly demonstrated excellent handling characteristics. In 1964, the Swedish Air Force placed an initial order for 130 Saab 105's, with that order being raised to 150 machines soon after. The machine received the designation Sk 60 in Swedish service.

During production, the Swedish Air Force drew conclusions from the experiences made by the U.S. forces during the Vietnam War and decided to convert the Saab 105 trainer into a light attack and reconnaissance aircraft. This undertaking proved to be successful, with 60 machines of the trainer version being converted for ground attack missions.

Apart from the Swedish Air Force, Austria also ordered a modified multirole version of the Saab 105 for its air force. Both air forces still employ the Saab 105 to the present day and around 190 units of the type were built in total.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=sweden&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=saab_sk60b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="SK60B Devblog Images" heights="200">
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:SK60B WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|0aM7hS-ciYY|'''The Shooting Range #233''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 01:00 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|a6OMuCFCTvo|'''JUST AWESOME! SK60B! - Sweden''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Similar aircraft in terms of performance and BR

* [[A2D-1]]
* [[F-84G-21-RE|F-84G]]
* [[Sea Hawk FGA.6]]
* [[G.91 R/3 (Germany)|G.91 R/3]]

;Similar Swedish Aircraft

* [[J35D]]
* [[A21RB]]
* [[T18B-1]]
* [[J21RA]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6912-development-saab-sk-60b-instructed-to-destroy-en|[Devblog] Saab Sk 60B: Instructed to Destroy]]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

C. 202

2020-07-29T00:39:50Z

U69924756: /* Flight performance */

{{Specs-Card|code=mc-202_italy}}
{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the German version
| link-1 = C.202 (Germany)
| usage-2 = the other version
| link-2 = C.202EC
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]], though a variant existed in the [[C.202 (Germany)|German tech tree]] prior to the update.

The {{PAGENAME}} ''"Folgore"'' (''Lightning'') is an Italian fighter which is best suited to attacking other fighters and unsuited to use as a fighter bomber due to not being able to carry bombs or rockets.

The advantages of the {{PAGENAME}} are the combination of good speed, very good rate of climb and rate of roll. Furthermore, it is fairly sturdy, being able to take a few hits and get back to base without many problems. The {{PAGENAME}} is a fairly speedy turner, preferring to turn at speeds. However, flat out turning is a bad idea at low speeds, unless you abuse the roll rate to get into an advantageous position.

A major issue the {{PAGENAME}} has is that its damage output is low: it needs extended bursts of fire to deal decent amounts of damage. Furthermore, the Breda-SAFAT's damage potential drops off when it's fired at ranges above 300 meters. The poor armament also makes it less than optimal at engaging bombers and heavy fighters. The consensus by the community is that the best belts are Air targets, Tracer or Stealth for the 12.7 mm's and Stealth and Universal for the 7.7's. These seem to do the most damage. While this is crippling at times, it is something to keep in mind.

[[File:FighterImage_C202.jpg|thumbnail|right|''Over the deserts of Africa'']]

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

In essence very similar to the [[Bf 109 F-4|Bf 109 F]]: Great climb rate and acceleration and with good top speed and turn rate. Dive performance is great, yet the control surfaces lock up hard above 600 km/h IAS. So leave plenty of space to pull out of a dive, it reaches said speeds rather quickly! Even so the locked controls prevent G-force failure of wings. A blessing in disguise for many new inexperienced RB/SB pilots. Energy retention in Zooms is good, too. This however, is mostly due to the aforementioned climb rate which is engine enabled. A damaged engine guts and severely hinders most flight characteristics.

Like its German brother at heart, the Folgore also features several downsides: the engine torque is significant and will roll the aircraft to the side when performing any kind of manoeuvre. Note the slightly longer left wing to at least neuter this effect in level flight, unlike the Bf 109 pilots who will have to permanently trim their ailerons on the runway. Further aiming and aligning yourself to the target can thusly be rather difficult, as the craft will twitch and shift significantly. As usual lead in deflection shots are the easiest approach. The control lock up was already mentioned and must always be considered.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 576 || 559 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.5 || 23.2 || colspan="2" | 12.7 || rowspan="2" | 368
|-
! Upgraded
| 624 || 600 || 20.4 || 21.4 || 29.5 || 25.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 600 || ??? || 260 || ~15 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 400 || < 270 || < 550 || > 350
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Compressor
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
! Setting 1
| 4,500 m || 1,084 hp || 1,218 hp
|-
|}
[[File:C202_attacking_001.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A '''{{PAGENAME}}''' diving on an enemy bomber.]]

=== Survivability and armour ===

Quite vulnerable to all weapons fire. The engine and water coolers lack any protection and are often the first to go under fire. The pilot is not much better. While the windscreen is quite thick it is also very small and the 8 mm of steel will only stop a sneeze. Any calibre past 7 mm will kiss your pilot's cheek.

Ace Tip #1 applies: ''Don't get shot at!''

* 8 mm Steel - Armoured headrest
* 50 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Breda-SAFAT (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, wing-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

It is unfortunate that such a fast fighter is paired up with relatively weak armament of the 12.7 and 7.7 mm machine guns, however, all is not lost with this setup. Since the setup locates the two 12.7 mm machine guns in the nose and a single 7.7 mm machine gun in each wing, convergence is a must to be considered to make the shots count when the fighter engages. The punch of the machine gun ammunition starts to significantly drop beyond 400 m, therefore setting convergence between 150 and 300 m should help to concentrate all the ammunition into one area resulting maximum damage possible. The pilot must remember though, with convergence set this close, he will need to manoeuvre his fighter in close before opening up and then it is important to concentrate on critical components as just shooting into the fuselage will not do a whole lot of damage. Trying to shoot any aircraft down outside of the 400 m range may result in a "lucky" shot, but those will be few and far between.

== Usage in battles ==

The most important things the {{PAGENAME}} needs are speed and altitude. It is generally a good idea to climb to at least 4-5,000 meters before levelling out and gaining speed. From there on, it's Boom & Zoom, working your way from top to bottom. Priority should be given to [[P-39N-0|P-39 Airacobra's]], [[F6F-5|Hellcats]] and [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfires]], as these are difficult opponents if they are allowed to engage on their terms. The Hellcat is a considerable problem for the {{PAGENAME}}, due to the fact it is considerably faster and climbs fairly well. The best way of dealing with them is to fight them at speeds above 400 km/h, where the Hellcat begins to stiffen up, but you retain your very good roll rate, which you can use to spoil his gun solution by constantly changing direction.

While diving on your chosen target, be mindful of your speed. The {{PAGENAME}}'s rate of roll becomes considerably worse when you hit 600 km/h. However, the elevator remains functional up until around 700 km/h, and the rip speed is passed at 800 km/h. When trying to lead an enemy plane that is making a hard break turn, try to avoid making high G turns or turns that burn a lot of speed, as this rapidly bleeds speed, forcing you to engage in a dogfight where your mediocre low-speed manoeuvrability can offer an advantage to the enemy. While dogfighting is very much possible against some planes, it is advisable to run by going into a shallow dive. Climbing is a possible alternate strategy, the rate of climb is one of the best at its BR, meaning that if you have a small speed advantage you can get some separation and climb away.

[[File:C202_and_LeO_bomber_001.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A '''{{PAGENAME}}''' diving on an enemy [[LeO 451 early|LeO 451]] bomber.]]

The weak guns make the {{PAGENAME}} unsuited to effectively engaging bombers, especially well-defended ones such as the [[B-25J-1|B-25]] and the [[A-20G-25|A-20]]. It is better to join up with your teammates and then try to attack them together if possible. Aim for the engines and wings, engaging them through Boom-and-Zoom tactics. The {{PAGENAME}} is unable to carry bombs, rendering it unable to be used in ground attack.

''Tracers'', ''Anti-air'' or ''Stealth'' belts are recommended as they deal the most damage, with a good mix of incendiary and shrapnel. The Breda-SAFAT's shell velocity is low and suffers above 400 meters range, so only fire at or below that range for best effects. Furthermore, the armament is inadequate to deal with bombers. It is best to avoid them entirely or focus on taking out the engines. The only exceptions are the very early biplane bombers, such as [[Swordfish_Mk_I|Swordfish]], [[Po-2]] and the likes.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
|}

* The Folgore's focus on energy fighting should be reflected in the desired grind strategy. Compressor & Engine are the top priority, boosting the acceleration and climb to the maximum needed for most situations. The next upgrades are free to choose for you. New belts are always nice, but the default ones are decent.

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:C202_and_Bf_109_001.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A '''{{PAGENAME}}''' tailed by an enemy [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]].]]

'''Pros:'''

* One of the fastest fighters compared to comparable fighters, rip speed is above 800 kph
* Good roll rate under 600 kph
* One of the best rates of climb compared to its contemporaries
* Decent performance on all altitudes
* Decent cockpit visibility, especially to the rear
* Decent energy retention in horizontal turns

'''Cons:'''

* Larger turn radius than the [[C.200 serie 3|C.200]], the C.202 is not as agile as its predecessor
* Firepower leaves things to be desired
* Thick canopy framing can make spotting hard from the cockpit view
* Armament is weak, may take many passes to destroy heavy fighters and bombers, best results if up very close
* Extreme instability when using rudder turns and at low speeds in SB due to asymmetrical wings

== History ==

[[File:FighterImage_Mc202folgore01.jpg|thumbnail|right|Folgore in an olive grove]]
The famed Italian ace Maggiore Adriano Visconti flew the Folgore, including the predecessor Macchi C.200 Saetta and the successor Macchi C.205 Veltro.

In late 1941 the newer and deadlier Macchi MC.202 Folgore (Thunderbolt) began to equip units of 7° Gruppo, and in early 1942 Visconti began flying the sleek, new fighter on photo reconnaissance sorties over Malta. Throughout these early years of the war, a near constant trickle of supplies was required to keep the strategically vital island of Malta alive and in allied hands: mid-June 1942 saw two of these convoys simultaneously attempt to resupply the island from different directions. Operation Harpoon – a convoy from Gibraltar – was coordinated with Operation Vigorous from Alexandria. Both convoys were opposed by axis forces and on June 15th, in the air battle above Operation Harpoon which would become known as the Battle of Pantelleria, Visconti shot down a Bristol Blenheim. On August 13th, whilst on a two aircraft reconnaissance sortie, Visconti and his wingman were jumped by four RAF Spitfires. Visconti engaged and shot down two Spitfires, allowing the second M.C.202 to complete the sortie. He was awarded another Medaglie d’Argento for his skill and courage.

Visconti served in Greece before being promoted to Capitano and taking command of 76a Squadriglia as 54° Stormo was deployed in Tunisia in March 1943. In the brief weeks of fighting which led up to the axis surrender in May, Visconti was credited with two Spitfires and a P-40, as well as several other probable victories. Sharing a cramped cockpit with a fellow pilot, Visconti escaped the allied advance by flying to Sicily. Given his wealth of experience carrying out high speed, daylight reconnaissance flights over Malta, Visconti was given command of 310a Squadriglia Caccia Aerofotografica, a newly formed reconnaissance squadron equipped with modified Macchi C.205 Veltros (Greyhounds) which were based east of Rome.<ref name="Visconti WT forum Ace of the Month">An excerpt from [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/291927-profile-ace-of-the-month-january-maggiore-adriano-visconti/ Ace of the Month - January - Maggiore Adriano Visconti], written by Mark Barber, War Thunder Historical Consultant alias Wafu Vasco.</ref>

Visconti remains a controversial figure due to his political alignment with Mussolini's Italian Social Republic.

== Media ==

[http://i.imgur.com/epyLoJi.jpg Custom skin - plane close up screenshot]

== See also ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/291927-profile-ace-of-the-month-january-maggiore-adriano-visconti/ [Profile<nowiki>]</nowiki> Ace of the Month - January - Maggiore Adriano Visconti] from the War Thunder official forum.
* [http://warthunder.com/en/news/4774-vehicle-profile-c-202-as-fast-as-lightning-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> C.202: As Fast As Lightning]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Macchi}}
{{Italy fighters}}

PB4Y-2 (France)

2020-07-10T03:17:53Z

U69924756: Added the modules as they weren't there

{{Specs-Card|code=pb4y-2_france}}
{{About
| about = French heavy bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = B-24/PB4Y (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_PB4Y-2France.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French heavy bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.73 "Vive la France"]].''
== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || ?
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| ??? || ??? || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}
=== Survivability and armour ===


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in front of nose gunner.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate in front of nose gunner.
* 9.5 mm Steel plate underneath nose gunner.
* 9.5 mm Steel plates behind pilots.
* Three 9.5 mm Steel plates inside the fuselage.
* 9.5 mm Steel plates behind and under radial engines.
* 12.7 mm Steel plates behind dorsal gunners.
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in front of beam gunners.
* 9.5 and 6.35 mm Steel plates in front of beam gunners.
* 55 mm Bulletproof glass in front of tail gunner.
* 9.5 mm Steel plate in front of tail gunner.

== Armaments ==

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* 20 x 100 lbs AN-M30A1 bombs (2,000 lb = total)
* 8   x 500 lbs AN-M64A1 bombs (4,000 lb = total)
* 4 x 1,000 lbs AN-M65A1 bombs (4,000 lb = total)
* 8 x 1,000 lbs AN-M65A1 bombs (8,000 lb = total)
* 4 x 2,000 lbs AN-M66A2 bombs (8,000 lb = total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, nose turret (600 RPGg = 1,200 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, 2 x dorsal turret (380 RPG = 1,520 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, 2 x beam turret (400 RPG = 1,600 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, tail turret (400 RPG = 800 total)

== Usage in the battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Automatic pitch || Controllable || Not controllable || Combined || Controllable || Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
|Radiator
|Protective vest
|
|SBC mk.I
|-
| II
|
|Compressor
|Airframe
|Turret 12 mm
|LBC-24
|-
| III
|Wings repair
|Engine
|
|
|FLBC mk.1
|-
| IV
|
|Engine injection
|Cover
|New 12 mm MGs (turret)
|LBC-17
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great defensive coverage
* Great defensive armament
* Good payload options when fully upgraded

'''Cons:'''

* Inadequate stock payload options
* Poor climb rate
* Very, very slow, especially when stock
* Tail can break off when landing and can be easily shot off
* Low dive limit and turn limit

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Consolidated}}
{{France bombers}}