War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Mirage 2000C-S5

2023-01-01T20:42:30Z

U69917707: /* Pros and cons */ rip speed changed

{{About
| about = French jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Mirage (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mirage_2000c_s5
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]].

A timeless classic, and an icon of delta-wing fighter design, the Mirage 2000C-S5 is the penultimate production variant of the "C" variant of the Mirage 2000. Unlike the earlier production models of the Mirage 2000C, this version comes equipped with an upgraded SNECMA M53-P2 engine, an Eclair chaff-flare dispenser to increase the number of countermeasures available, as well as an improved Thomson-CSF RDI radar that allowed the use of the much improved Matra Super 530D missile.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Pilots familiar with delta-wing fighter designs will be at home in the Mirage 2000. While you still bleed airspeed rapidly when pulling tight manoeuvres - which you can do quite easily thanks to its large delta wing, and leading-edge slats - speed is much less of a problem thanks to its new engine which provides excellent acceleration. Its combination of decent top-speed, exceptional acceleration, and its stunning nose authority ensures that anyone who finds the Mirage 2000 on their six o'clock is going to find it difficult to shake. Pilots of the Mirage 2000 will have to watch their energy at all times, ensuring they do not waste it all unwisely, leaving them in a vulnerable position.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 12,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,262 || 2,204 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.1 || 26.5 || 157.0 || 146.1 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,346 || 2,346 || 24.2 || 25.0 || 235.4 || 194.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || X || X || ✓ || X || ✓* 
|-
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Installing countermeasures block the deployment of the chute.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,365  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 920 || < 750 || < 650 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | SNECMA M53-P2 || 1
| colspan="2" | 7,570 kg || colspan="3" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 1,450 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 8,572 kg || 9,533 kg || 10,515 kg || 10,910 kg || 12,936 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,200 kgf || 9,688 kgf
| 1.13 || 1.02 || 0.92 || 0.89 || 0.75
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 6,879 kgf (1,365 km/h) || 12,862 kgf (1,365 km/h)
| 1.50 || 1.35 || 1.22 || 1.18 || 0.99
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 554 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 2 x 30 mm DEFA 554 cannons, belly-mounted (135 rpg = 270 total)
** 2 x 30 mm DEFA 554 cannons + 90 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SAMP Type 25 (250 kg)|SNEB type 23}}
{{main|Matra R550 Magic 1|Matra R550 Magic 2|Matra Super 530D|Matra Super 530F}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2 missiles
* 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 2 x Matra Super 530F missiles
* 2 x Matra Super 530D missiles
* 7 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (1,750 kg total)

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="5%" | 1 !! width="5%" | 2 !! width="5%" | 3 !! width="5%" | 4 !! width="5%" | 5 !! width="5%" | 6 !! width="5%" | 7 !! width="5%" | 8 !! width="5%" | 9
| rowspan="7" width="25%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! SNEB type 23 rockets
| 18 || 18 || || || || || || 18 || 18
|-
! Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles
| 1 || || || || || || || || 1
|-
! Matra R550 Magic 2 missiles
| 1 || || || || || || || || 1
|-
! Matra Super 530D missiles
| || 1 || || || || || || 1 ||
|-
! Matra Super 530F missiles
| || 1 || || || || || || 1 ||
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The aircraft's weapons suite paired with its flight performance makes it a dangerous foe to any aircraft opposing it. The aircraft is a formidable foe in BVR engagements and even more so in a dogfight. This versatility offered by its great weapons and flight performance means that it can perform as a support fighter, slinging its Super 530D's from afar and at high altitudes. Thanks to its flight performance, it can also comfortably perform well as a frontline fighter, diving straight in to fire its Super 530D and excellent all-aspect IR R550 Magic 2 missiles. However, pilots of the Mirage 2000 will have to be careful of when they fire their missiles as it carries only 4 missiles in total, which is little compared to a lot of its competition. In addition, missiles such as the AIM-7F Sparrow, carried by some American fighters, possess a higher effective range than the Super 530D missile. Therefore, the Mirage 2000 pilots are advised to stay out of the range in which a longer-range missile can strike the Mirage, while being too far for the Mirage's Super 530D to strike back.

The worst-case scenario for a Mirage 2000 pilot would be to be caught in a low-altitude sustained turn (or rate fight) with an adversary such as the F-14 Tomcat, or the MiG-23MLD, which will create a host of problems for the Mirage 2000 that bleeds its airspeed quickly. The Mirage-2000 pilot will almost always prefer to dogfight at higher altitudes, '''avoiding''' sustained turns with enemies, and compensating for the rapid loss in energy by manoeuvring by converting altitude into airspeed that can be vital to victory as the Mirage manoeuvres into a position to secure victory.

When it comes to dogfighting, the Mirage's flight performance enables a skilled pilot to be a formidable adversary to any of its opponents, even to those such as the F-14A Early, and the MiG-23MLD. The Mirage's game plan should almost always be to get in, and out as quickly as possible. Taking advantage of the high AoA capability of the Mirage, and utilizing as much airspeed and altitude as possible is necessary to engage and defeat the target as quickly as possible, to give any prospecting enemies minimal time to find and defeat the Mirage while it is slow and vulnerable while busy in a dogfight.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Has access to excellent Matra R550 Magic II and Matra Super 530D missiles
* Very good acceleration
* Great manoeuvrability
* Powerful pulse-Doppler radar
* DEFA cannons deal heavy damage

'''Cons:'''

* Poor energy retention
* Low ammo count for the DEFA cannons
* Carries a maximum of only 4 missiles
* Very limited options for ground attack ordnance

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=mirage_2000c_s5 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|vSDNdUBUvWI|'''The Shooting Range #324''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:26 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|VF8x_0XpqjQ|'''Mirage 2000C-S5 : A Basic Review''' - ''Tims Variety''}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7856-development-mirage-2000c-s5-the-new-improved-classic-en|[Devblog] Mirage 2000C-S5: The New & Improved Classic]]
* [[wikipedia:Dassault_Mirage_2000|[Wikipedia]Dassault Mirage 2000]]

{{AirManufacturer Dassault}}
{{France jet aircraft}}

SK-105A2

2021-07-12T22:07:53Z

U69917707: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_sk105_a2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


[[File:Armour heatmap of the SK-105.png|thumb|Heatmap of the SK105's armour]]

The hull armour of the SK-105A2, even though it is angled at 62°, is relatively weak. In most cases, it will stop 20 mm cannons but cannons with a bigger calibre will have no problems punching right trough the hull armour which in most cases leads to an instant death, as the crew is sitting tightly packed together. Rapid firing autocannons such as the ones mounted on the [[Gepard]] or the [[ZSU-37-2]] will have no problems shredding the SK-105 in less than a second. It is highly recommend to not take more than 24 shells due to the fact that reserve shells pile up in the front most part of the tank, which might lead to even more frequent instant deaths. If the user can manage their rounds effectively, the safest ammo count would be 16. This way, only 4 extra rounds are placed into the turret and no rounds are in the front of the tank.

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Front of the turret, Gun mantlet)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 20 mm (62°) ''Front Glacis'' 20 mm (49°) ''Bottom Glacis'' || 14 mm ''Top'' ''hull side'' 14 mm ''Bottom hull side'' || 12 (1°) mm || 5-10 mm
|-
| Turret || 20 - 40 (16-69°) mm ''Turret front'' 40 mm (0-90°) ''Gun Mantlet'' || 20-40 mm || 10-20 mm || 10 mm
|-
| Cupola || 10 mm (60°) || 10 mm || 10 mm || 10 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 15 mm thick
* Tracks are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=455|rbMinHp=283}}

The SK-105 has an exceptional speed of about 59 km/h forwards on roads, and around -9 km/h in reverse while also being relatively manoeuvrable, as it is very similar to the [[AMX-13]] light tank. It is powered by the Steyr 7FA/6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine which provides 320 hp (238 kW) for a power-to-weight ratio of 18 hp/ton. While it can go as fast as 59 km/h, one should expect to move at about 40 km/h off-road, however the reserve speed still stays at -9 km/h and it takes roughly 12 seconds for the SK-105 to rotate 360° in neutral steering.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PzK M57 (105 mm)}}

In terms of weaponry, the SK-105 carries the 105 mm PzK M57 which is very effective at dispatching almost every enemy tank with a well placed shot. It possesses a 4-second autoloader with a magazine size of 12 rounds. After the 12 rounds were depleted, the user has to wait until the magazine houses at least one round. This can be quite problematic if one is too trigger happy.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PzK M57 (105 mm)|105 mm PzK M57]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25
|-
| OFL 105 G1 || APFSDS || 346 || 344 || 335 || 326 || 315 || 306
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 1,000 || 10.95 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,020 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 700 || 12.1 || 0 || 0.1 || 2,000 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| OFL 105 G1 || APFSDS || 1,475 || 3.41 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| OFPH 105 F1 || 700 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The SK-105 has access to the [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)]] machine gun. While it lacks any some sort effective penetration, its high rate of fire can dispatch exposed crew members easily. The one, and only, belt houses 1,000 rounds with average velocity. It is largely inadequate against armour and should be used exclusively to dispatch exposed crew members or to destroy environmental objects such as fences with ease.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The SK-105A2 excels at filling the spot as a sniper, due to its very powerful 105 mm cannon, low profile and high mobility. This is all balanced out however by the fact that the SK-105 possesses little to no armour, so any kind of hit from a cannon more powerful than 20 mm, will dispatch the SK-105 quite easily. The user should always check their surrounding as much they can, and as frequently as they can. Finding a vantage point with cover nearby is an effective strategy. Brawls and rushes should generally be avoided and tactics like flanking or sniping should be focused upon as the SK-105 will stand no chance in direct engagements or close quarter fights. However, if one does stumble into a brawl, the 4 second autoloader will prove to be a major benefit coupled with the amazing 105 mm cannon, although one should pay attention to their magazine as the user will not be able to shoot at all if the magazine runs dry completely. It is because of this reason that at least 2 spare rounds should be carried in the magazine in case of an ambush. One big thing to note is that the user also lacks a stabilizer which may be a problem due to the light size of the tank and fast speed, as these properties will make the gun harder to stabilize on its own if the user decides to brake spontaneously.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

*12-round autoloader with a 4-second reload time
*Strong APFSDS shells - slightly better than German 105mm DM23
*Has a smoke grenade launcher with 2 salvos
*Has access to night vision device and 2nd gen thermal imager on gunner optics
*Has access to a laser rangefinder with automatic sight adjustment
*Commander Gun controls - able to shoot back with an unconcious gunner

'''Cons:'''

* Has thin armour that can be penetrated even by .50 cal machine guns
*Lacks a stabilizer
*No roof-mounted MG for anti-air purposes
*Has only 3 crew members sitting close to each other
*Very unstable gun - high recoil and low accuracy while moving
*Bad stock grind with high RP costs - APFSDS only at tier III
*Mediocre mobility for a light tank
*If the magazine runs out of rounds, the user has to wait until it is refilled to engage

== History ==

[[File:Patagon1.jpg|thumb|A Patagon tank next to an SK-105 A1.]]

The SK-105 was developed by the company named Saurer-Werk, as the Austrian Army needed a reliable tank destroyer. The very first prototype was built in the year 1967 and it the pre-production began in the year 1971. Around 286 were made for the Austrian Army and was in service until the 1990s, while the rest of the SK-105s were exported.

The hull of the SK-105 was based on the heavily armored car, Sauer APC, which was used alongside Austrian units. This allowed the tank destroyer to be light and have above average mobility, something the Austrian Army wanted. While the hull of the tank was an easy choice to make, as the Sauer APC hull required just a few modifications to be adequate for the standards set by the Austrian Army, the debate now was which turret should the SK-105 use. Since the Austrian Army wanted a cannon that was light, reliable yet still powerful enough to fulfill it's role of a tank destroyer, they turned their eyes towards France. Because of their massive success and mass production of AMX-13 light tank, the Austrian army decided to contact France in the hopes of designing a new turret. In the end, France agreed and came up with an oscillating turret that was light yet powerful enough to be used in an anti-tank role.

While Austria retired the SK-105, a substantial amount is still in service today in other countries: mainly in Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina. Argentina created the "Patagon" variant by merging a brand new hull with surplus AMX-13 (105) turrets, the result was a vehicle comparable to the SK-105 A1.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=france&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=fr_sk105_a2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
File:SK-105A2 Garage Photo.png|SK-105A2 in the garage
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[AMX-13]] - Another tank which uses the oscillating turret system that the SK-105 uses

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:SK-105_Kürassier|[Wikipedia] SK-105 Kürassier]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/Austria/SK-105_Kurassier.php <nowiki>[tanks-encyclopedia] SK-105 Kurassier</nowiki>]

{{France light tanks}}

SK-105A2

2021-07-12T22:06:47Z

U69917707: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_sk105_a2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


[[File:Armour heatmap of the SK-105.png|thumb|Heatmap of the SK105's armour]]

The hull armour of the SK-105A2, even though it is angled at 62°, is relatively weak. In most cases, it will stop 20 mm cannons but cannons with a bigger calibre will have no problems punching right trough the hull armour which in most cases leads to an instant death, as the crew is sitting tightly packed together. Rapid firing autocannons such as the ones mounted on the [[Gepard]] or the [[ZSU-37-2]] will have no problems shredding the SK-105 in less than a second. It is highly recommend to not take more than 24 shells due to the fact that reserve shells pile up in the front most part of the tank, which might lead to even more frequent instant deaths. If the user can manage their rounds effectively, the safest ammo count would be 16. This way, only 4 extra rounds are placed into the turret and no rounds are in the front of the tank.

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Front of the turret, Gun mantlet)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 20 mm (62°) ''Front Glacis'' 20 mm (49°) ''Bottom Glacis'' || 14 mm ''Top'' ''hull side'' 14 mm ''Bottom hull side'' || 12 (1°) mm || 5-10 mm
|-
| Turret || 20 - 40 (16-69°) mm ''Turret front'' 40 mm (0-90°) ''Gun Mantlet'' || 20-40 mm || 10-20 mm || 10 mm
|-
| Cupola || 10 mm (60°) || 10 mm || 10 mm || 10 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 15 mm thick
* Tracks are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=455|rbMinHp=283}}

The SK-105 has an exceptional speed of about 59 km/h forwards on roads, and around -9 km/h in reverse while also being relatively manoeuvrable, as it is very similar to the [[AMX-13]] light tank. It is powered by the Steyr 7FA/6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine which provides 320 hp (238 kW) for a power-to-weight ratio of 18 hp/ton. While it can go as fast as 59 km/h, one should expect to move at about 40 km/h off-road, however the reserve speed still stays at -9 km/h and it takes roughly 12 seconds for the SK-105 to rotate 360° in neutral steering.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PzK M57 (105 mm)}}

In terms of weaponry, the SK-105 carries the 105 mm PzK M57 which is very effective at dispatching almost every enemy tank with a well placed shot. It possesses a 4-second autoloader with a magazine size of 12 rounds. After the 12 rounds were depleted, the user has to wait until the magazine houses at least one round. This can be quite problematic if one is too trigger happy.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PzK M57 (105 mm)|105 mm PzK M57]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25
|-
| OFL 105 G1 || APFSDS || 346 || 344 || 335 || 326 || 315 || 306
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 1,000 || 10.95 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,020 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 700 || 12.1 || 0 || 0.1 || 2,000 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| OFL 105 G1 || APFSDS || 1,475 || 3.41 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| OFPH 105 F1 || 700 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The SK-105 has access to the [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)]] machine gun. While it lacks any some sort effective penetration, its high rate of fire can dispatch exposed crew members easily. The one, and only, belt houses 1,000 rounds with average velocity. It is largely inadequate against armour and should be used exclusively to dispatch exposed crew members or to destroy environmental objects such as fences with ease.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The SK-105A2 excels at filling the spot as a sniper, due to its very powerful 105 mm cannon, low profile and high mobility. This is all balanced out however by the fact that the SK-105 possesses little to no armour, so any kind of hit from a cannon more powerful than 20 mm, will dispatch the SK-105 quite easily. The user should always check their surrounding as much they can, and as frequently as they can. Finding a vantage point with cover nearby is an effective strategy. Brawls and rushes should generally be avoided and tactics like flanking or sniping should be focused upon as the SK-105 will stand no chance in direct engagements or close quarter fights. However, if one does stumble into a brawl, the 4 second autoloader will prove to be a major benefit coupled with the amazing 105 mm cannon, although one should pay attention to their magazine as the user will not be able to shoot at all if the magazine runs dry completely. It is because of this reason that at least 2 spare rounds should be carried in the magazine in case of an ambush. One big thing to note is that the user also lacks a stabilizer which may be a problem due to the light size of the tank and fast speed, as these properties will make the gun harder to stabilize on its own if the user decides to brake spontaneously.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

**12-round autoloader with a 4-second reload time
**Strong APFSDS shells - slightly better than German 105mm DM23
**Has a smoke grenade launcher with 2 salvos
**Has access to night vision device and 2nd gen thermal imager on gunner optics
**Has access to a laser rangefinder with automatic sight adjustment
**Commander Gun controls - able to shoot back with an unconcious gunner '''Cons:'''
**Has thin armour that can be penetrated even by .50 cal machine guns
**Lacks a stabilizer
**No roof-mounted MG for anti-air purposes
**Has only 3 crew members sitting close to each other
**Very unstable gun - high recoil and low accuracy while moving
**Bad stock grind with high RP costs - APFSDS only at tier III
**Mediocre mobility for a light tank
**If the magazine runs out of rounds, the user has to wait until it is refilled to engage

== History ==

[[File:Patagon1.jpg|thumb|A Patagon tank next to an SK-105 A1.]]

The SK-105 was developed by the company named Saurer-Werk, as the Austrian Army needed a reliable tank destroyer. The very first prototype was built in the year 1967 and it the pre-production began in the year 1971. Around 286 were made for the Austrian Army and was in service until the 1990s, while the rest of the SK-105s were exported.

The hull of the SK-105 was based on the heavily armored car, Sauer APC, which was used alongside Austrian units. This allowed the tank destroyer to be light and have above average mobility, something the Austrian Army wanted. While the hull of the tank was an easy choice to make, as the Sauer APC hull required just a few modifications to be adequate for the standards set by the Austrian Army, the debate now was which turret should the SK-105 use. Since the Austrian Army wanted a cannon that was light, reliable yet still powerful enough to fulfill it's role of a tank destroyer, they turned their eyes towards France. Because of their massive success and mass production of AMX-13 light tank, the Austrian army decided to contact France in the hopes of designing a new turret. In the end, France agreed and came up with an oscillating turret that was light yet powerful enough to be used in an anti-tank role.

While Austria retired the SK-105, a substantial amount is still in service today in other countries: mainly in Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina. Argentina created the "Patagon" variant by merging a brand new hull with surplus AMX-13 (105) turrets, the result was a vehicle comparable to the SK-105 A1.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=france&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=fr_sk105_a2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
File:SK-105A2 Garage Photo.png|SK-105A2 in the garage
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[AMX-13]] - Another tank which uses the oscillating turret system that the SK-105 uses

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:SK-105_Kürassier|[Wikipedia] SK-105 Kürassier]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/Austria/SK-105_Kurassier.php <nowiki>[tanks-encyclopedia] SK-105 Kurassier</nowiki>]

{{France light tanks}}

JaPz.K A2

2021-07-12T22:05:06Z

U69917707: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sk105_a2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Even though it is angled at 62°, the hull armour of the JaPz.K A2 is relatively weak. In most cases, it will stop 20 mm cannons but any bigger calibre will have no problems punching right trough the hull armour which in most cases leads to an instant death, as the crew is sitting tightly packed together. Rapid firing autocannons such as the ones mounted on the [[Gepard]] or the [[ZSU-37-2]] will have no problems shredding the Kürassier in less than a second.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 20 mm (62°) ''Frontal Glacis'' 20 mm (49°) ''Bottom Glacis'' || 14 mm ''Top hull side'' 14 mm ''Bottom hull side'' || 12 mm || 5-10 mm
|-
| Turret || 20-40 mm (19-69°) ''Turret front'' 40 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun Mantlet'' || 20-40 mm || 10-20 mm || 10 mm
|-
| Cupola || 10 mm(60°) || 10 mm || 10 mm || 10 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=455|rbMinHp=283}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PzK M57 (105 mm)}}

In terms of weaponry, the JaPz.K A2 carries the 105 mm PzK M57 which is very effective at dispatching almost every enemy tank with a well placed shot. It possesses an autoloader with a fixed 4-second reload time and a ready rack of 12 rounds. After the 12 rounds have been depleted, the user has to wait until the ready rack replenishes at least one round. This can be quite problematic as it takes a lot of time when in the heat of the battle.

Another important aspect is that the gun is not stabilized. Combined with the low weight of the vehicle, the player can have a hard time to lay its gun if coming from full stop or when firing consecutive shots due to recoil.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PzK M57 (105 mm)|105 mm PzK M57]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25
|-
| OFL 105 G1 || APFSDS || 346 || 344 || 335 || 326 || 315 || 306
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 1,000 || 10.95 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,020 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 700 || 12.1 || 0 || 0.1 || 2,000 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| OFL 105 G1 || APFSDS || 1,475 || 3.41 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| OFPH 105 F1 || 700 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}
'''Note:'''

* It is highly recommended to not take more than 24 shells due to the fact that reserve shells pile up in the front-most part of the tank, which might lead to the loss of the vehicle. If the user can manage their rounds effectively, the safest ammo count would be 16. This way, only 4 extra rounds are placed into the turret and no rounds are in the front of the tank.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The JaPz.K A2 has access to the [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]] machine gun. While it lacks any sort effective penetration, its high rate of fire can dispatch exposed crew members easily. The single belt contains 1,000 rounds with average velocity. It is largely inadequate against armour and should be used exclusively to dispatch exposed crew members or to destroy environmental objects such as fences with ease.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

With 2nd generation thermals on gunner optics, a laser rangefinder and one of the best APFSDS rounds at its rank against sloped armour, the JaPz.K A2 is a very potent sniper. Stick to areas with long lines of sight and utilize your superior long range firepower. Do not attempt to brawl, ever. The lack of stabilizer combined with the low weight of the vehicle means your gun will jump all over the place and will be slow to bring on target compared to its peers. Shots fired on the move are achievable only through sheer luck and it is almost impossible to squeeze a first shot if coming to a stop from full speed. If forced to close quarters combat like on urban maps, avoid direct confrontation: flank or ambush. The latter can be done extremely well due to your small size, excellent mobility and 4-second reload time.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 12-round autoloader with a 4-second reload time
* Strong APFSDS shells - slightly better than German 105mm DM23
* Has a smoke grenade launcher with 2 salvos
* Has access to night vision device and 2nd gen thermal imager on gunner optics
* Has access to a laser rangefinder with automatic sight adjustment
* Commander Gun controls - able to shoot back with an unconcious gunner

'''Cons:'''

* Has thin armour that can be penetrated even by .50 cal machine guns
* Lacks a stabilizer
* No roof-mounted MG for anti-air purposes
* Has only 3 crew members sitting close to each other
* Very unstable gun - high recoil and low accuracy while moving
* Bad stock grind with high RP costs - APFSDS only at tier III
* Mediocre mobility for a light tank

== History ==

[[File:Bolivian SK-105.jpg|thumb|A Bolivian SK-105 alongside an M113 APC]]
The SK-105 ''Kürassier'' was developed in Austria by Sauer-Werk in response to military requests for a lightweight and mobile anti-tank vehicle. The first prototype arrived in 1967, with pre-production vehicles following in 1971. The vehicle consisted of a oscillating turret weapons platform possessing a potent 105mm cannon, atop the modified chassis of the already existing Saurer APC.

After its creation, the vehicle was adopted by the Austrian military, with a total of 286 being operated until the 1990s, while hundreds more were exported to countries around the world including Argentina, Morocco, Tunisia, and others. Argentina's order totalled 118 vehicles. In November 2005 the first prototype of the Patagón was delivered. This vehicle was to be a modernisation of the JaPz.K A2, replacing the original turrets with surplus AMX-13 (105) turrets, however the project was abandoned in 2008 due to authorities "considering the manufacture of the 40 planned units uneconomical".

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_sk105_a2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[AMX-13]] - Similar tank designation and oscillating turret design
* [[SK-105A2]] - Domestic service version

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:SK-105_Kürassier|[Wikipedia] SK-105 Kürassier]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/Austria/SK-105_Kurassier.php <nowiki>[tanks-encyclopedia] SK-105 Kurassier</nowiki>]

{{Germany light tanks}}

T-90A

2021-07-11T16:08:12Z

U69917707: /* Shtora-1 Active Protection System */ IRCM affected missiles Update

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_90a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|T-90A WebsiteImage 1.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


Overall, the armour protection of the T-90A can be considered almost the same as in the [[T-72B3]] and [[T-80U]]. However, despite the hull being exactly the same as the T-72B3 with same thickness, composition, and add-on armour, the turret of the T-90A shows a new turret design which can be considered better due to the armour layout and composition. The T-90A, as the T-72B (1989) and T-72B3, has access to the CONTACT-5 ERA. This ERA (different from Relict and CONTACT-1 seen in other T-72B series) has the particularity that has stopping power against darts (similar to Dorchester). Different from other T-72s, the T-90A has a rolled homogenous armour turret with spacing for composite armour blocks rather than built-in. Fuel tanks on either side of the driver can soak up some shrapnel and add to the overall survivability although they are most likely to be lit on fire if hit with HEAT-FS or an ATGM. However, as with all Russian autoloaded MBTs, there are only three crew members so a well-placed shot is capable of causing a crew knock-out. Despite having a carousel autoloader which is not protected by any blast shield like on the Leclerc and Type 90 MBTs, it is harder to ammo rack compared to the T-80s especially since the ammo is scattered horizontally on top of each other ("=" in this shape) and not in an L shape (in which charges are vertical and projectiles are horizontal). This reduces the chances of ammo rack compared to the T-80s. However, all side shots on the hull will be lethal regardless of the carousel as said shot will take your two crew members. The ERA offers really good protection against chemical energy penetrators such as HEAT-FS, ATGMs, and anti-tank grenades, having a protection of 420 mm against chemical energy and 120 mm against kinetic energy. This makes the tank capable of withstanding hits of all HEAT-FS of the BR (most of them penetrate between 320 mm to 480 mm) and ATGMs (between 400 mm to 1,000 mm). It should be noted that ERA itself cannot stop all the spalling created by the premature explosion, the armour plating is what stops the spalling in case the ATGM has more penetration than what the ERA can withstand.

==== Shtora-1 Active Protection System ====
The T-90A has access to an infrared jammer, the Shtora-1 APS. It is a constant APS which provides protection against a wide variety of threats. The scanner-type jamming device (also known as "doom eyes" or "Russian eyes") is mounted on the front of the turret to cover the vulnerable frontal arc. It is called an "infrared countermeasure" because SACLOS guidance utilizes a beam-riding guidance which is connected to the GPS (gunner main sight in some cases, on others it is a different sight like on [[T-55AM-1]] and [[T-62M-1]]) which uses a flare as reference point for the guidance system in the ATGM. The missile moves with the gunner's sight and the flare tries to stay on the crosshairs. IRCM confuses the GPS with a brighter IR light decoy acting as the flare (the flare is also IR) which signals the ATGM to move to a different position, overriding the gunner's flare. The Shtora-1 APS has a minimum jamming range of roughly 50 m, meaning it will only deviate ATGMs past 50 m although it depends on the ATGM speed and angle of attack. This is the approximate distance between all ATGMs in-game but it may vary. It will be able to jam a missile launched by a [[Swingfire]] faster due to its launch speed and flight path than an [[M3 Bradley]]. Shtora-1 has a field of view of 360 degrees horizontally (due to being turret mounted) and –5 to +25 degrees in elevation.

Shtora-1 will jam SACLOS missiles including wire-guidance:<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3">
** [[3M7]] ([[IT-1]])
** [[9M17M Falanga]] ([[Mi-4AV]]/[[Mi-24A]])
** [[9M17P Falanga-PV]] ([[Mi-24D (USSR)|Mi-24D]])
** 9M112 ([[T-64B]] / [[T-80B]])
** [[9M113 Konkurs|9M113]] ([[BMP-1]]/[[SPz BMP-1]]/[[BMP-2]])
** [[9M114 Shturm]] ([[Shturm-S]]/Russian Helicopters)
** 9M117 ([[T-55AM-1]]/[[T-62M-1]]/[[BMP-3]])
** 9M119 ([[T-72B]]/[[T-72B (1989)]]/[[T-80U]])
** [[9M120 Ataka]] ([[Mi-35M]]/[[Mi-28N]]/[[Ka-52]])
** [[9M123]] ([[Khrizantema-S]])
** [[9M133]] ([[BMP-2M]])
** [[9M311]] ([[ZPRK 2S6]])
** [[Kh-23M]] ([[Yak-38]]/[[Yak-38M]])
** [[Kh-66]] ([[MiG-21PFM]])
** [[BGM-71A TOW]]
** [[BGM-71B TOW]]
** [[BGM-71C I-TOW]]
** [[AS.11]]
** [[HOT-1]]
** [[HOT-2 TOW]]
** [[HOT-3]] ([[EC-665 Tiger HAD]]/[[EC-665 Tiger HAP]]/[[EC-665 Tiger UHT]])
** MGM-51B ([[M551 Sheridan|M551]]/[[M60A2]])
** MGM-51C ([[XM-803]]/[[MBT-70]]/[[KPz-70]])
** [[Swingfire]] ([[Swingfire]]/[[Striker]])
** [[MILAN]] ([[Marder A1-]]/[[Ratel 20]]/[[Warrior]])
** [[HJ-73E]] ([[ZBD86]])
** [[Type 79]] ([[Type 89]])
** [[Roland]] ([[FlaRakPz 1]]/[[Roland 1]]/[[FlaRakRad]])
** [[VT1]] ([[FlaRakRad]]/[[ItO 90M]])
** ACRA ([[AMX-30 ACRA]])
** [[Rbs 55]] ([[UDES 33]]/[[Pvrbv 551]])
** [[Rbs 56]] ([[Strf 9040 BILL]])
</div>

Laser guided missiles (AGM-114 Hellfire, MIM146 ADATS, etc) will not be jammed by Shtora-1.
[[File:T-90A Shtora NVD.png|left|thumb|303x303px|As seen in picture, Shtora-1 acts like "eyes" which emit IR light aura and beam which can be seen with NVD and act as a spotlight.]]
In order to let the APS work, it must be turned on ("Switch IRCM on/off" keybind). The APS can be destroyed. Shtora-1 can be used while on the move (although turret must be facing the enemy). While on the move (especially horizontally), the jammed ATGM will move in an uncontrolled direction like normal jamming but riskier, keep this in mind as it can hit a track, engine deck or close enough to create fragmentation and mark the tank and/or friendlies. When moving towards an enemy who fired an ATGM, it will be affected by the APS but due to the momentum, the ATGM may still hit if it is redirected towards the ground. Shtora-1 creates a thermal signature which can be seen with thermal sights. It also can also be used as an IR spotlight (as shown in picture). It should be noted that this can be a disadvantage when in night maps as tanks with NVD (except when tanks are using thermal view) will be able to see the light beam. The APS should be turned on and off at commander's discretion. When on day maps, this will not be an issue. Shtora must have a clear line-of-sight with the enemy launcher (at least enemy sights must be able to see the tank). Tanks firing from behind cover like the Swingfire can also be affected by the APS. As long as the enemy is within the jamming arc, the T-90 will be protected against SACLOS ATGMs. Different from [[AMX-30B2 BRENUS]], the T-90A has access to a Laser Warning Receiver (LWR) which lets the commander know when there is a laser aiming at them. The LWR will be triggered by laser rangefinders, laser-guided ATGMs and laser lock-on by helicopters. This is particularly helpful as the commander will know when they are being aimed at and can engage the target with the main gun or jam incoming ATGMs. When facing laser-guided missiles such as AGM-114 Hellfire, the Shtora-1 will not work. However, the LWR will trigger and the commander will be able to pop smoke '''(do not use ESS)''' and disrupt the laser lock-on. This not only works for Hellfires but for PARS 3 LR IR guided AGM (main AGM used by the [[EC-665 Tiger UHT]]) as the smoke disrupts the thermal signature.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled Homogenous Armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (68°) || 80 mm ''Top'' 20 mm ''Bottom'' || 40 mm || 30 - 40 mm
|-
| Turret || 70 mm ''Turret front'' 120 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 70 mm || 70 mm || 45 mm
|-
| Cupola || 100 mm || 100 mm || 100 mm || 45 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* CONTACT-5: 17 mm High Hardness Rolled Armour
* Shtora-1: 10 mm Structural Steel
* Tracks: 30 mm

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,550|rbMinHp=884}}

The T-90A has a greater mobility compared to previous T-72 series tanks. However, it lacks speed, manoeuvrability and reverse speed compared to the T-80 series but has a more powerful engine. The T-90A has mediocre speed and overall mobility compared to NATO tanks which is compensated with armour and low profile. With its powerful engine, the T-90A is able to pull and push enemy tanks with ease (winching them is recommended to activate the tank corpse track movement as they will not move if no cable is attached)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A46M-5 (125 mm)}}

The T-90A has access to the 2A46M-5 125 mm smoothbore main gun. This gun is nothing new in the Russian MBT tree and fires the same ammunition as seen in previous models (darts vary from the T-72A to the rest of the T-72 and T-90 tanks). This can be considered as a pro as all rounds have same handling between series, including the 3BM42M (modern round for the T-90A). As all T-72 past T-72A, they are able to fire the 9M119 ATGM from the main gun. However, T-90A has access to the 9M119M1, a modernized 9M119 with a tandem charge with slightly reduced speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A46M-5 (125 mm)|125 mm 2A46M-5]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 43 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+14° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The T-90A has access to the same ammunition shown in previous T-72s with exception of the 3BM42M and the 3OF26 EDKV (time-fused version of the standard HE shell). All are capable rounds which are not new and have same handling. Different from past T-72's, the T-90A does not get access to 3BM42, the best round in past T-72s.

''HEAT-FS:''

The 3BK18M is the first round the T-90A has access to, it can be considered a mediocre round as most of the enemies which will be faced will be able to withstand it due to composite armour. However, it is particuallary useful when facing light armoured vehicles which are prompt to hull break (SPAA, light tanks, etc) and useful when facing enemy helicopters as it has enough explosive mass and flight speed to be competitive as last resort. As a hollow charge, it is prompt to detonate mid air due to trees, bushes and fences. This makes the round difficult to use when in long range engagements as some field elements may not be rendered.

''APFSDS:''

The T-90A has access to 2 types of APFSDS: the 3BM42 and 3BM46. The 3BM42 is a decent round with decent penetration and stopping power. While it lacks penetration to penetrate Leopard 2 tanks upper frontal plate, Leclercs lower frontal plate or M1A1/2 turret plates, it has enough penetration to hit and cause critical damage in weakspots and side shots. 3BM46 however, different from the 3BM42 seen in previous T-72s, has much more penetration (as seen in table) which can penetrate all tanks from all sides (be aware of Leopard 2 turret wedges and firing at M1A2 turret with an obliquity greater than 45°).

''ATGM:''

The 9M119M1is a tandem version of the previously seen 9M119 SACLOS ATGM in past T-72's. The main upgrade is the tandem charge, everything else remains practically the same with exception of reduction of flight speed.

''HE:''

The 3OF26 EDKV is the time-fused version of the 3OF26 HE round met in previous T-72s. Fuse is set when laser rangefinding an object. It is pretty much useless against non lightly armoured vehicles (even 20 mm roofs will stop the spalling if an air explosion is done) but can be devastating against helicopters as there will be no need for direct hit in order to cause critical damage.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 3BK18M || HEATFS || 550 || 550 || 550 || 550 || 550 || 550
|-
| 3OF26 EDKV || HE-TF || 42 || 42 || 42 || 42 || 42 || 42
|-
| 3BM42 || APFSDS || 479 || 477 || 470 || 462 || 453 || 445
|-
| 9M119M1 || ATGM (tandem) || 850 || 850 || 850 || 850 || 850 || 850
|-
| 3BM46 || APFSDS || 532 || 531 || 526 || 520 || 513 || 507
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 3BK18M || HEATFS || 905 || 19 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,790 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| 3OF26 EDKV || HE-TF || 850 || 23 || 0 || 0.1 || 5,240 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 3BM42 || APFSDS || 1,700 || 4.85 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 9M119M1 || ATGM (tandem) || 350 || 17.2 || 0.4 || 0.01 || 4,720 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| 3BM46 || APFSDS || 1,700 || 4.85 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''43''' || 40 ''(+3)'' || 37 ''(+6)'' || 22 ''(+21)'' || 0 ''(+43)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|6P50 (12.7 mm)|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[6P50 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm 6P50]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 300 (150) || 700 || -4°/+75° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Shtora active protection system prevents otherwise lethal missiles from hitting the tank, ensuring that the tank's reactive armour lasts longer
* Impressive protection thanks to the ERA
* Very strong turret
* Access to the unlockable 3BM46 shell with very good penetration

'''Cons:'''

* Active protection system only covers whatever the turret is facing, meaning that you can still be blindsided by canny missile users
* Worst acceleration and top speed out of all top tier Russian MBTs
* Gun mantlet still a huge, and well known, weak spot
* Cramped interior, easy to one shot
* Gun depression and elevation next to non-existent
* Shtora active protection system doesn't work for MCLOS guided missiles (manually guided missiles)

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/6931-development-t-90a-boris-the-bullet-dodger-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1989, the Ural Design Bureau of Heavy Engineering developed a prototype of a modernized T-72B tank, designated as "Object 188". The vehicle was a deep modification of the Soviet main battle tank, with a number of modern technical solutions, including a new fire control system, guided weapons, combined protection and a completely innovative electro-optical active protection system. The tank successfully passed tests and was recommended for mass production under the designation T-90; its serial production began in 1992. Meanwhile, the systemic economic crisis in Russia forced the tank builders to stop serial production of the tank. Meanwhile, research and development on a further T-90 modernization continued for the needs of foreign operators, as well as the Russian Army. Soon, when the economic situation in the industry began to improve, the tank builders combined their developments into an upgrade program, the T-90A. Unlike the basic version, the new tank featured a slightly more powerful engine, and a welded turret with improved protection. The main difference is the increased fire potential: a new cannon and a modern fire control system with an advanced thermal imaging sight. The T-90A tank was produced from 2004 to 2011.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=ussr_t_90a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="T-90A Devblog Images" heights="200">
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|CFmL0qG0bB4|'''The Shooting Range #231''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6931-development-t-90a-boris-the-bullet-dodger-en|[Devblog] T-90A: Boris the Bullet Dodger]]

{{USSR medium tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

AMX-30B2 BRENUS

2021-07-11T16:06:39Z

U69917707: /* Survivability and armour */ IRCM afftected missiles update

{{About
|about= French medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= other uses
|link= AMX-30 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_amx_30_b2_brenus
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.77 "Advancing Storm"]]. The AMX-30B2 BRENUS, or Brennus in some sources, was a modernized French MBT which saw combat in the Gulf War.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The AMX-30B2 has a complex array of armour plates in addition of the ERA.

The frontal glacis is in two parts, the upper area that is 50 mm RHA sloped at 76 degrees and the lower one being 79 mm CHA sloped at roughly 70 degrees. The lower part of the front glacis is, in theory, able to withstand the [[T-54 (1951)|T-54]] APCBC shell better than the Leopard does. However, shots contacting the upper part will often resulting the shot bouncing upward and penetrating the turret front, which is very weak (even the [[M18 GMC]] can penetrate it with ease). The lower glacis plate is not as strong since it is not sloped as much as the front plate, but penetrating this plate will often not result in a colossal damage. However, the curve joint between the upper and the lower glacis plate is very weak and often a penetration through this area will end with a one-shot.

Also, it is noted that there is a fuel container in the front of the tank protecting the ammo rack, which sometimes penetrating rounds will just set afire just like the T-54 does. The difference is that AMX-30 tank's first stage ammo rack is the turret rack, so after experiencing prolonged combat, the hull ammo rack will be emptied and left defused. The hull sides and rears are very weak, they are all 30 mm plates. Even anti-aircraft vehicles doing side shots will penetrate this tank fast (for example, the [[R3 T20 FA-HS]] at BR 4.0 for Italy).
[[File:AMX-30B2-BRENUS-ERA.png|left|thumb|344x344px|AMX-30B2 BRENUS max effective armour]]
The turret armour is not sufficient at this rank, nor at any rank from even rank IV upwards. The gun shield itself mostly offers a 60-100 mm protection. However, some sabot shots will get absorbed by the breech, which actually offers better protection in the [[AMX-30B2]] than the [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]] does. Shooting the turret ring will damage the turret drives, and can sometimes trigger a crew knock out. The turret sides are very weak, often gives you a protection around 60 mm. The rear is worse, plus the turret ammo rack is placed at the end of the turret rear, shooting this area will destroy the tank one shot.

The ERA offers a really good protection for chemical energy penetrators such as HEAT-FS, ATGMs and anti-tank grenades, having a protection of 400 mm from just the block itself. This makes the tank capable of withstanding hits of almost all HEAT-FS of the BR (most of them penetrate between 320 mm to 480 mm) and even some ATGMs (between 400 mm to 650 mm). It should be noted that ERA itself cannot stop all the spalling created by the premature explosion, some ATGM's like the 9M117 (ATGM of the [[T-55AM-1]] and [[T-62M-1]]) will be partially stopped by the ERA reducing its spalling significantly but can still be able to damage modules and crew members (most of the time they will be left orange or red although they can sometimes knock them out). It is also able to reduce the penetration or stop ATGM like the [[9M113 Konkurs]] (ATGM of the [[BMP-2]]) and 9M112 (ATGM of the [[T-64B]]) although do not expect it to happen all the time, it depends on your angling and where the missile impacts. Chassis should be angled most of the time to potentialize the ERA effectiveness with the 79 mm thick steel plate, capable of making the armour reach 1,432 mm of effective armour against CE penetrators (refer to picture) making it capable of even stopping completely [[9M133]] Kornet ATGM (ATGM of the [[BMP-2M]]) which has 1,300 mm of penetration.

'''EIREL Active Protection System'''
[[File:EIREL APS in action.gif|thumb|AMX-30B2 BRENUS using EIREL against an M901 I-TOW ATGM at 320m (GIF media). As it is seen, the BRENUS turret doesn't have to be aiming directly on the enemy.]]
The AMX-30B2 BRENUS has access to an infra-red jammer, the EIREL APS. It is a constant active APS which provides protection against a wide variety of threats. The scanner-type jamming device (honeycomb shaped equipment next to smoke launchers) is mounted on the roof of the tank to cover the vulnerable frontal arc. It called "Infrared Countermeasure" for the following reason: SACLOS guidance utilizes a beam-riding guidance which is connected to the GPS (gunner main sight in some cases, on others it is a different sight like on [[T-55AM-1]] and [[T-62M-1]]) which uses a flare as reference point for the guidance system in the ATGM. The missile moves with the gunner's sight and the flare tries to stay on the crosshairs. IRCM confuses the GPS with a brighter IR light decoy acting as the flare (the flare is also IR) which signals the ATGM to move to a different position nowhere near from the gunner's target.
[[File:EIREL IR light.png|left|thumb|AMX-30B2 BRENUS with EIREL turned on at night with light intensifier NVD]]
The EIREL APS has a minimum jamming range of roughly 50 m, meaning it will only deviate ATGMs past 50 m although it depends on the ATGM speed and ATGM angle of attack. This is the approximate distance between all ATGM in-game but it may vary. It will be able to jam a missile launched by a [[Swingfire]] faster due to its launch speed and flight path than an [[M3 Bradley]]. It has a protection arc of ~60° horizontal (between 20°-30° horizontally, refer to gif) and 120° vertical (able to counter helicopter-launched ATGMs). The turret must be facing the threat in order to let the APS work properly.
{{clear}}
EIREL will jam SACLOS missiles including wire-guidance:<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3">
* [[3M7]] ([[IT-1]])
* [[9M17M Falanga]] ([[Mi-4AV]]/[[Mi-24A]])
* [[9M17P Falanga-PV]] ([[Mi-24D (USSR)|Mi-24D]])
* 9M112 ([[T-64B]] / [[T-80B]])
* [[9M113 Konkurs|9M113]] ([[BMP-1]]/[[SPz BMP-1]]/[[BMP-2]])
* [[9M114 Shturm]] ([[Shturm-S]]/Russian Helicopters)
* 9M117 ([[T-55AM-1]]/[[T-62M-1]]/[[BMP-3]])
* 9M119 ([[T-72B]]/[[T-72B (1989)]]/[[T-80U]])
* [[9M120 Ataka]] ([[Mi-35M]]/[[Mi-28N]]/[[Ka-52]])
* [[9M123]] ([[Khrizantema-S]])
* [[9M133]] ([[BMP-2M]])
* [[9M311]] ([[ZPRK 2S6]])
* [[Kh-23M]] ([[Yak-38]]/[[Yak-38M]])
* [[Kh-66]] ([[MiG-21PFM]])
* [[BGM-71A TOW]]
* [[BGM-71B TOW]]
* [[BGM-71C I-TOW]]
* [[AS.11]]
* [[HOT-1]]
* [[HOT-2 TOW]]
* [[HOT-3]] ([[EC-665 Tiger HAD]]/[[EC-665 Tiger HAP]]/[[EC-665 Tiger UHT]])
* MGM-51B ([[M551 Sheridan|M551]]/[[M60A2]])
* MGM-51C ([[XM-803]]/[[MBT-70]]/[[KPz-70]])
* [[Swingfire]] ([[Swingfire]]/[[Striker]])
* [[MILAN]] ([[Marder A1-]]/[[Ratel 20]]/[[Warrior]])
* [[HJ-73E]] ([[ZBD86]])
* [[Type 79]] ([[Type 89]])
* [[Roland]] ([[FlaRakPz 1]]/[[Roland 1]]/[[FlaRakRad]])
* [[VT1]] ([[FlaRakRad]]/[[ItO 90M]])
* ACRA ([[AMX-30 ACRA]])
* [[Rbs 55]] ([[UDES 33]]/[[Pvrbv 551]])
* [[Rbs 56]] ([[Strf 9040 BILL]])</div>

Laser guided missiles (AGM-114 Hellfire, MIM146 ADATS, etc) will not be jammed by EIREL. In order to let the APS work, it must be tuned on with a key in the control section. The APS can be destroyed.
[[File:EIREL APS while on the move.gif|thumb|EIREL APS while on the move. As seen in the gif, the ATGM can be deviated to the sky. This is a random flight path which cannot be controlled by the player. ]]
EIREL can be used while on the move (although turret must be facing the enemy). While on the move (specially horizontally), the jammed ATGM will move in an uncontrolled direction like normal jamming but riskier, keep this in mind as it can hit a track, engine deck or close enough to create fragmentation and mark the AMX-30 and/or friendlies. When moving forward to an enemy who fired an ATGM, it will be affected by the APS but due to the BRENUS momentum, the ATGM can hit the BRENUS if the ATGM is redirected towards the ground. EIREL creates a thermal signature which can be seen with thermal sights. It also can also be used as an IR spotlight (as shown in picture). It should be noted that this can be a disadvantage when in night maps as tanks with NVD (except when tanks are using thermal view) will be able to see the light beam. The APS should be turned on and off at commander's discretion. When on day maps, this will not be an issue. EIREL must have a clear line-of-sight with the enemy launcher (at least enemy sights must be able to see the tank). Tanks firing behind cover like the Swingfire can also be affected by the APS. As long as the enemy is within the jamming arc, the BRENUS will be protected against SACLOS ATGMs. It should be noted that the AMX-30B2 BRENUS has no access to Laser Warning Receiver (LWR) or Missile Alert Warning (MAW), so the player must rely on visual contact with the ATGM and the launcher (no LWR makes the helicopter lock-on invisible). Thankfully, the thermal sights will be capable of detecting the fireball created by the ATGM's at certain distances.

''*Note: the commander does not have control of the where the enemy ATGM is redirected to''

'''Armour type:'''

* Explosive reactive armour
* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Rear roof, Engine grille)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 79* mm (57-68°), 50* mm (52-76°) ''Front glacis'' 79 mm (0-57°), 30 mm (75°) ''Lower glacis'' || 35-57 mm (0-35) 30 mm ''Bottom'' 25 mm (70°) ''Belly'' || 30 mm (10°) ''Top'' 30 mm ''Center'' 25 mm (70°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm 8 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 30-150* mm (0-79°) ''Gun mantlet'' 30* mm (61-75°) ''Turret front top'' || 41.5* mm (19-47°) || 30 mm (1-64°) 20 mm (54-64°) ''Turret underside'' || 20 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 60 mm || 20 mm
|-
! Special armour* !! Kinetic !! Chemical
|-
| ERA || 5 mm || 400 mm
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,162|rbMinHp=663}}

When fully upgraded, the engine offers a 750 hp output at 2400 rpm. Max speed is 65 km/h, and the tank can achieve 45-50 km/h on a map like Kursk (when driving downward, you can achieve 65 km/h). Reverse gear is 27 km/h, which is fast. The reverse gear is faster than Leopard 1's by 2 km/h. The tank feels somewhat lighter than Leopard 1 series of tanks, since it has lighter weight (note that Leopard 1 tanks have a 830 hp output engine).

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|CN-105-F1 (105 mm)}}

The AMX-30B2 BRENUS features the same gun the other AMX-30's have in game, the 105/56 mm Modèle F1, CN-105-F1 in short. It is a potent main gun capable of displaying an excellent performance at its br. The gun is capable of firing the OCC 105 F1 HEAT-FS ammunition which is also present in past AMX-30 versions. As the AMX-30B2, the BRENUS has access to the OFL 105 F1 APFSDS ammunition, capable of penetrating 361 mm at 10 m at 0°, a very powerful dart capable of piercing most of the tanks it will face in its br. With its high velocity of 1,525 m/s, the BRENUS is more than capable of engaging targets at far range despite the relatively low zoom main sights. With addition of the laser rangefinder, doing long range engagements turn to be relatively easy with almost pinpoint accuracy.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[CN-105-F1 (105 mm)|105 mm CN-105-F1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 47 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||28.6||39.5||48.8||53.1||56.5|| rowspan="2" |8.71|| rowspan="2" |7.70|| rowspan="2" |7.10|| rowspan="2" |6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
|17.9||21.0||25.5||28.2||30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25
|-
| OFL 105 F1 || APFSDS || 361 || 358 || 350 || 341 || 332 || 322
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 1,000 || 10.95 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,020 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 700 || 12.1 || 0 || 0.1 || 2,000 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| OFL 105 F1 || APFSDS || 1,525 || 3.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| OFPH 105 F1 || 700 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''47''' || 20 ''(+27)'' || 19 ''(+28)'' || 9 ''(+38)'' || 1 ''(+46)'' || No
|-
|}

The ammo racks on the AMX-30B2 BRENUS consists of the same manner the other AMX-30 have their ammo racks: large ready racks in the turret's bustle, and one large ammo rack next to the driver. It should be noted that the ammo rack next to the driver can be affected by fires lit on the fuel tank surrounding it, which can lead to an ammo explosion. It is recommended to fill the driver's ammo rack as least as possible to raise the vehicle's survivability against frontal attacks, preferably carrying 20 rounds at most. Chemical energy attacks can be completely stopped by the fuel tank acting as spaced armour for HEAT and ATGM when the ERA is not enough to stop the whole penetration but will lit the vehicle on fire but still operational to retreat back to cover. It should be noted the fuel tank may not stop kinetic energy attacks like APDS or APFSDS causing an ammo explosion when rack is full, igniting the fuel tank, over-penetrating to the engine or all of the previously listed.


=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|20F2 (20 mm)|A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)}}

The 20 mm 20F2 coaxial autocannon is not just an anti-aircraft gun: with 57 mm penetration at flat angle, it will shred anything from armoured cars and SPAA to lightly armoured medium tanks' sides. In case a vehicle cannot be penetrated, use the autocannon to disable them before using your 105 mm cannon: target the gun barrel or the tracks. The 20 mm can also deal with low-flying aircraft with the extra 20 degrees of elevation. The only drawback is that the autocannon is coaxial, meaning the turret must rotate to track the targets.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[20F2 (20 mm)|20 mm 20F2]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (500) || 740 || 0°/+20° || N/A
|-
|}

The small calibre of the A-A-F1N machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm A-A-F1N]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,050 (100) || 900 || -10°/+55° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The AMX-30B2 BRENUS cannot withstand a frontal encounter most of the time with most opponents due to the lack of a reliable armour and a stabilizer, making the tank an easy prey for almost anyone on the battlefield when in urban combat. However, the tank comes with a great mobility, able to reach 65 km/h in RB (72 in AB) even in reverse, making it the ideal tank to shoot the enemy and rapidly retreat to change position. The optics are better than the ones found on the other AMX-30s, but still not sufficient to properly see targets at long ranges, unlike tanks like the Leopard I with its 16x. However, it's not something to worry about: the thermal sight will allow the player to easily spot targets from far away. Its gun is capable of punching through most of enemy tanks, but caution is a must when uptiered: tanks like the T-72 cannot be damaged in the turret even by the AMX-30B2's APFSDS, leaving only the hull as a potential target.

The tank is not very suitable for urban combat, since most enemies will have a stabilizer and thus will be capable of landing the first shot, often knocking out the gunner, disabling the engine, the gun, or just setting the tank on fire. The best thing to do, in these cases, is to avoid the center of the map, flanking the enemy to hit him from the side and staying hidden from sight so enemies don't focus their firepower on the AMX-30B2.

In larger and flat maps the tank gives its best, thanks to the high mobility and the capability to shoot the enemy from far away and, as stated as before, the only threat for the AMX-30 is dart ammunition of really high penetrating CE ammunition as most of the time the ERA will do its job preventing CE penetrators to disable completely your tank, although the commander cupola can be an issue since it ruin the silhouette of the tank, making it clearly visible and perfect for trapshots, sometimes even when behind cover.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Reactive armour, good chemical protection
* IRCM can save the tank from ATGMs
* Numerous smoke grenades (28 in total)
* Good mobility
* Low profile
* Powerful APFSDS shell
* Laser rangefinder, high-velocity APFSDS rounds and thermal vision make for an effective sniper
* The coaxial 20 mm cannon makes short work of thinly armoured vehicles and helicopters. Also works great against tracks and cannon barrels

'''Cons:'''

* Same ammunition as B2 version, random HEAT rounds effects and low APFSDS penetration
* No composite armour, low survivability against kinetic rounds
* Weak spots between reactive armour plates
* Lacking a gun stabilizer greatly hampers its performance
* Ammo racks in turret translates into a high risk of explosion if hit

== History ==


During the mid to late 1990s, AMX-30B2 tanks of the 1er/ 2e Chasseurs tank regiments, which formed France's rapid reaction force in peacetime, underwent upgrading under the Brenus modernization program, whilst two further regiments received modifications to quickly upgrade their AMX-30s with the Brenus package if needed (2e/5e Dragons). The Brenus upgrade package (acronym for briques réactives de surblindage) most notably allowed for the installation of 112 ERA blocks developed by the GIAT company across the front portion of the hull and turret. To compensate for the additional weight of the ERA packages, an improved 8-cylinder 750 horsepower MACK E9 diesel engine was fitted. The Brenus modernization upgrade was among the last to be fitted to the original AMX-30 tank.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5349-development-amx-30b2-brenus-modern-ironclad-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=france&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=fr_amx_30_b2_brenus Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|wJkQW4kSJjM|'''French MBTs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:04 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5349-development-amx-30b2-brenus-modern-ironclad-en|[Devblog] AMX-30B2 Brenus: Modern Ironclad]]

{{France medium tanks}}

AMX-30B2 BRENUS

2021-07-11T10:13:49Z

U69917707: /* Survivability and armour */ IRCM affected missiles clarification

{{About
|about= French medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= other uses
|link= AMX-30 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_amx_30_b2_brenus
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.77 "Advancing Storm"]]. The AMX-30B2 BRENUS, or Brennus in some sources, was a modernized French MBT which saw combat in the Gulf War.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The AMX-30B2 has a complex array of armour plates in addition of the ERA.

The frontal glacis is in two parts, the upper area that is 50 mm RHA sloped at 76 degrees and the lower one being 79 mm CHA sloped at roughly 70 degrees. The lower part of the front glacis is, in theory, able to withstand the [[T-54 (1951)|T-54]] APCBC shell better than the Leopard does. However, shots contacting the upper part will often resulting the shot bouncing upward and penetrating the turret front, which is very weak (even the [[M18 GMC]] can penetrate it with ease). The lower glacis plate is not as strong since it is not sloped as much as the front plate, but penetrating this plate will often not result in a colossal damage. However, the curve joint between the upper and the lower glacis plate is very weak and often a penetration through this area will end with a one-shot.

Also, it is noted that there is a fuel container in the front of the tank protecting the ammo rack, which sometimes penetrating rounds will just set afire just like the T-54 does. The difference is that AMX-30 tank's first stage ammo rack is the turret rack, so after experiencing prolonged combat, the hull ammo rack will be emptied and left defused. The hull sides and rears are very weak, they are all 30 mm plates. Even anti-aircraft vehicles doing side shots will penetrate this tank fast (for example, the [[R3 T20 FA-HS]] at BR 4.0 for Italy).
[[File:AMX-30B2-BRENUS-ERA.png|left|thumb|344x344px|AMX-30B2 BRENUS max effective armour]]
The turret armour is not sufficient at this rank, nor at any rank from even rank IV upwards. The gun shield itself mostly offers a 60-100 mm protection. However, some sabot shots will get absorbed by the breech, which actually offers better protection in the [[AMX-30B2]] than the [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]] does. Shooting the turret ring will damage the turret drives, and can sometimes trigger a crew knock out. The turret sides are very weak, often gives you a protection around 60 mm. The rear is worse, plus the turret ammo rack is placed at the end of the turret rear, shooting this area will destroy the tank one shot.

The ERA offers a really good protection for chemical energy penetrators such as HEAT-FS, ATGMs and anti-tank grenades, having a protection of 400 mm from just the block itself. This makes the tank capable of withstanding hits of almost all HEAT-FS of the BR (most of them penetrate between 320 mm to 480 mm) and even some ATGMs (between 400 mm to 650 mm). It should be noted that ERA itself cannot stop all the spalling created by the premature explosion, some ATGM's like the 9M117 (ATGM of the [[T-55AM-1]] and [[T-62M-1]]) will be partially stopped by the ERA reducing its spalling significantly but can still be able to damage modules and crew members (most of the time they will be left orange or red although they can sometimes knock them out). It is also able to reduce the penetration or stop ATGM like the [[9M113 Konkurs]] (ATGM of the [[BMP-2]]) and 9M112 (ATGM of the [[T-64B]]) although do not expect it to happen all the time, it depends on your angling and where the missile impacts. Chassis should be angled most of the time to potentialize the ERA effectiveness with the 79 mm thick steel plate, capable of making the armour reach 1,432 mm of effective armour against CE penetrators (refer to picture) making it capable of even stopping completely [[9M133]] Kornet ATGM (ATGM of the [[BMP-2M]]) which has 1,300 mm of penetration.

'''EIREL Active Protection System'''
[[File:EIREL APS in action.gif|thumb|AMX-30B2 BRENUS using EIREL against an M901 I-TOW ATGM at 320m (GIF media). As it is seen, the BRENUS turret doesn't have to be aiming directly on the enemy.]]
The AMX-30B2 BRENUS has access to an infra-red jammer, the EIREL APS. It is a constant active APS which provides protection against a wide variety of threats. The scanner-type jamming device (honeycomb shaped equipment next to smoke launchers) is mounted on the roof of the tank to cover the vulnerable frontal arc. It called "Infrared Countermeasure" for the following reason: SACLOS guidance utilizes a beam-riding guidance which is connected to the GPS (gunner main sight in some cases, on others it is a different sight like on [[T-55AM-1]] and [[T-62M-1]]) which uses a flare as reference point for the guidance system in the ATGM. The missile moves with the gunner's sight and the flare tries to stay on the crosshairs. IRCM confuses the GPS with a brighter IR light decoy acting as the flare (the flare is also IR) which signals the ATGM to move to a different position nowhere near from the gunner's target.
[[File:EIREL IR light.png|left|thumb|AMX-30B2 BRENUS with EIREL turned on at night with light intensifier NVD]]
The EIREL APS has a minimum jamming range of roughly 50 m, meaning it will only deviate ATGMs past 50 m although it depends on the ATGM speed and ATGM angle of attack. This is the approximate distance between all ATGM in-game but it may vary. It will be able to jam a missile launched by a [[Swingfire]] faster due to its launch speed and flight path than an [[M3 Bradley]]. It has a protection arc of ~60° horizontal (between 20°-30° horizontally, refer to gif) and 120° vertical (able to counter helicopter-launched ATGMs). The turret must be facing the threat in order to let the APS work properly.
{{clear}}
EIREL will jam SACLOS missiles including wire-guidance:<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3">
* [[HJ-73E]] ([[ZBD86]])

* [[3M7]] ([[IT-1]])
* 9M112 ([[T-64B]] / [[T-80B]])
* [[9M113 Konkurs]] ([[BMP-1]]/[[SPz BMP-1]]/[[BMP-2]])
* [[9M114 Shturm]] ([[Shturm-S]])
* 9M117 ([[T-55AM-1]]/[[T-62M-1]]/[[BMP-3]])
* 9M119 ([[T-72B]]/[[T-72B (1989)]]/[[T-80U]])
* [[9M120 Ataka]] ([[Mi-35M]]/[[Mi-28N]]/[[Ka-52]])
* [[9M123]] ([[Khrizantema-S]])
* [[9M311]] ([[ZPRK 2S6]])
* ACRA ([[AMX-30 ACRA]])
* [[BGM-71A TOW]]
* [[BGM-71B TOW]]
* [[BGM-71C I-TOW]]
* [[HOT-1]]
* [[HOT-2 TOW]]
* [[Kh-23M]] ([[Yak-38]]/[[Yak-38M]])
* [[Kh-66]] ([[MiG-21PFM]])
* MGM-51B ([[M551 Sheridan|M551]]/[[M60A2]])
* MGM-51C ([[XM-803]]/[[MBT-70]]/[[KPz-70]])
* [[MILAN]] ([[Marder A1-]]/[[Ratel 20]]/[[Warrior]])
* [[Rbs 55]] ([[UDES 33]]/[[Pvrbv 551]])
* [[Rbs 56]] ([[Strf 9040 BILL]])
* [[Roland]] ([[FlaRakPz 1]]/[[Roland 1]]/[[FlaRakRad]])
* [[Starstreak]] ([[Stormer HVM]])
* [[Swingfire]] ([[Swingfire]]/[[Striker]])
* VT1 ([[FlaRakRad]]/[[ItO 90M]])</div>

Laser guided missiles (AGM-114 Hellfire, MIM146 ADATS, 9M133 Kornet, etc) will not be jammed by EIREL. In order to let the APS work, it must be tuned on with a key in the control section. The APS can be destroyed.
[[File:EIREL APS while on the move.gif|thumb|EIREL APS while on the move. As seen in the gif, the ATGM can be deviated to the sky. This is a random flight path which cannot be controlled by the player. ]]
EIREL can be used while on the move (although turret must be facing the enemy). While on the move (specially horizontally), the jammed ATGM will move in an uncontrolled direction like normal jamming but riskier, keep this in mind as it can hit a track, engine deck or close enough to create fragmentation and mark the AMX-30 and/or friendlies. When moving forward to an enemy who fired an ATGM, it will be affected by the APS but due to the BRENUS momentum, the ATGM can hit the BRENUS if the ATGM is redirected towards the ground. EIREL creates a thermal signature which can be seen with thermal sights. It also can also be used as an IR spotlight (as shown in picture). It should be noted that this can be a disadvantage when in night maps as tanks with NVD (except when tanks are using thermal view) will be able to see the light beam. The APS should be turned on and off at commander's discretion. When on day maps, this will not be an issue. EIREL must have a clear line-of-sight with the enemy launcher (at least enemy sights must be able to see the tank). Tanks firing behind cover like the Swingfire can also be affected by the APS. As long as the enemy is within the jamming arc, the BRENUS will be protected against SACLOS ATGMs. It should be noted that the AMX-30B2 BRENUS has no access to Laser Warning Receiver (LWR) or Missile Alert Warning (MAW), so the player must rely on visual contact with the ATGM and the launcher (no LWR makes the helicopter lock-on invisible). Thankfully, the thermal sights will be capable of detecting the fireball created by the ATGM's at certain distances.

''*Note: the commander does not have control of the where the enemy ATGM is redirected to''

'''Armour type:'''

* Explosive reactive armour
* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Rear roof, Engine grille)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 79* mm (57-68°), 50* mm (52-76°) ''Front glacis'' 79 mm (0-57°), 30 mm (75°) ''Lower glacis'' || 35-57 mm (0-35) 30 mm ''Bottom'' 25 mm (70°) ''Belly'' || 30 mm (10°) ''Top'' 30 mm ''Center'' 25 mm (70°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm 8 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 30-150* mm (0-79°) ''Gun mantlet'' 30* mm (61-75°) ''Turret front top'' || 41.5* mm (19-47°) || 30 mm (1-64°) 20 mm (54-64°) ''Turret underside'' || 20 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 60 mm || 20 mm
|-
! Special armour* !! Kinetic !! Chemical
|-
| ERA || 5 mm || 400 mm
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,162|rbMinHp=663}}

When fully upgraded, the engine offers a 750 hp output at 2400 rpm. Max speed is 65 km/h, and the tank can achieve 45-50 km/h on a map like Kursk (when driving downward, you can achieve 65 km/h). Reverse gear is 27 km/h, which is fast. The reverse gear is faster than Leopard 1's by 2 km/h. The tank feels somewhat lighter than Leopard 1 series of tanks, since it has lighter weight (note that Leopard 1 tanks have a 830 hp output engine).

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|CN-105-F1 (105 mm)}}

The AMX-30B2 BRENUS features the same gun the other AMX-30's have in game, the 105/56 mm Modèle F1, CN-105-F1 in short. It is a potent main gun capable of displaying an excellent performance at its br. The gun is capable of firing the OCC 105 F1 HEAT-FS ammunition which is also present in past AMX-30 versions. As the AMX-30B2, the BRENUS has access to the OFL 105 F1 APFSDS ammunition, capable of penetrating 361 mm at 10 m at 0°, a very powerful dart capable of piercing most of the tanks it will face in its br. With its high velocity of 1,525 m/s, the BRENUS is more than capable of engaging targets at far range despite the relatively low zoom main sights. With addition of the laser rangefinder, doing long range engagements turn to be relatively easy with almost pinpoint accuracy.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[CN-105-F1 (105 mm)|105 mm CN-105-F1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 47 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||28.6||39.5||48.8||53.1||56.5|| rowspan="2" |8.71|| rowspan="2" |7.70|| rowspan="2" |7.10|| rowspan="2" |6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
|17.9||21.0||25.5||28.2||30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25
|-
| OFL 105 F1 || APFSDS || 361 || 358 || 350 || 341 || 332 || 322
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 1,000 || 10.95 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,020 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 700 || 12.1 || 0 || 0.1 || 2,000 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| OFL 105 F1 || APFSDS || 1,525 || 3.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| OFPH 105 F1 || 700 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''47''' || 20 ''(+27)'' || 19 ''(+28)'' || 9 ''(+38)'' || 1 ''(+46)'' || No
|-
|}

The ammo racks on the AMX-30B2 BRENUS consists of the same manner the other AMX-30 have their ammo racks: large ready racks in the turret's bustle, and one large ammo rack next to the driver. It should be noted that the ammo rack next to the driver can be affected by fires lit on the fuel tank surrounding it, which can lead to an ammo explosion. It is recommended to fill the driver's ammo rack as least as possible to raise the vehicle's survivability against frontal attacks, preferably carrying 20 rounds at most. Chemical energy attacks can be completely stopped by the fuel tank acting as spaced armour for HEAT and ATGM when the ERA is not enough to stop the whole penetration but will lit the vehicle on fire but still operational to retreat back to cover. It should be noted the fuel tank may not stop kinetic energy attacks like APDS or APFSDS causing an ammo explosion when rack is full, igniting the fuel tank, over-penetrating to the engine or all of the previously listed.


=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|20F2 (20 mm)|A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)}}

The 20 mm 20F2 coaxial autocannon is not just an anti-aircraft gun: with 57 mm penetration at flat angle, it will shred anything from armoured cars and SPAA to lightly armoured medium tanks' sides. In case a vehicle cannot be penetrated, use the autocannon to disable them before using your 105 mm cannon: target the gun barrel or the tracks. The 20 mm can also deal with low-flying aircraft with the extra 20 degrees of elevation. The only drawback is that the autocannon is coaxial, meaning the turret must rotate to track the targets.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[20F2 (20 mm)|20 mm 20F2]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (500) || 740 || 0°/+20° || N/A
|-
|}

The small calibre of the A-A-F1N machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm A-A-F1N]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,050 (100) || 900 || -10°/+55° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The AMX-30B2 BRENUS cannot withstand a frontal encounter most of the time with most opponents due to the lack of a reliable armour and a stabilizer, making the tank an easy prey for almost anyone on the battlefield when in urban combat. However, the tank comes with a great mobility, able to reach 65 km/h in RB (72 in AB) even in reverse, making it the ideal tank to shoot the enemy and rapidly retreat to change position. The optics are better than the ones found on the other AMX-30s, but still not sufficient to properly see targets at long ranges, unlike tanks like the Leopard I with its 16x. However, it's not something to worry about: the thermal sight will allow the player to easily spot targets from far away. Its gun is capable of punching through most of enemy tanks, but caution is a must when uptiered: tanks like the T-72 cannot be damaged in the turret even by the AMX-30B2's APFSDS, leaving only the hull as a potential target.

The tank is not very suitable for urban combat, since most enemies will have a stabilizer and thus will be capable of landing the first shot, often knocking out the gunner, disabling the engine, the gun, or just setting the tank on fire. The best thing to do, in these cases, is to avoid the center of the map, flanking the enemy to hit him from the side and staying hidden from sight so enemies don't focus their firepower on the AMX-30B2.

In larger and flat maps the tank gives its best, thanks to the high mobility and the capability to shoot the enemy from far away and, as stated as before, the only threat for the AMX-30 is dart ammunition of really high penetrating CE ammunition as most of the time the ERA will do its job preventing CE penetrators to disable completely your tank, although the commander cupola can be an issue since it ruin the silhouette of the tank, making it clearly visible and perfect for trapshots, sometimes even when behind cover.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Reactive armour, good chemical protection
* IRCM can save the tank from ATGMs
* Numerous smoke grenades (28 in total)
* Good mobility
* Low profile
* Powerful APFSDS shell
* Laser rangefinder, high-velocity APFSDS rounds and thermal vision make for an effective sniper
* The coaxial 20 mm cannon makes short work of thinly armoured vehicles and helicopters. Also works great against tracks and cannon barrels

'''Cons:'''

* Same ammunition as B2 version, random HEAT rounds effects and low APFSDS penetration
* No composite armour, low survivability against kinetic rounds
* Weak spots between reactive armour plates
* Lacking a gun stabilizer greatly hampers its performance
* Ammo racks in turret translates into a high risk of explosion if hit

== History ==


During the mid to late 1990s, AMX-30B2 tanks of the 1er/ 2e Chasseurs tank regiments, which formed France's rapid reaction force in peacetime, underwent upgrading under the Brenus modernization program, whilst two further regiments received modifications to quickly upgrade their AMX-30s with the Brenus package if needed (2e/5e Dragons). The Brenus upgrade package (acronym for briques réactives de surblindage) most notably allowed for the installation of 112 ERA blocks developed by the GIAT company across the front portion of the hull and turret. To compensate for the additional weight of the ERA packages, an improved 8-cylinder 750 horsepower MACK E9 diesel engine was fitted. The Brenus modernization upgrade was among the last to be fitted to the original AMX-30 tank.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5349-development-amx-30b2-brenus-modern-ironclad-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=france&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=fr_amx_30_b2_brenus Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|wJkQW4kSJjM|'''French MBTs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:04 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5349-development-amx-30b2-brenus-modern-ironclad-en|[Devblog] AMX-30B2 Brenus: Modern Ironclad]]

{{France medium tanks}}

T32

2019-10-23T15:01:44Z

U69917707: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_t32}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_T32.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It is one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. It can be seen as an extremely buffed up version of a [[M26|M26 Pershing]] with a [[T15E2 (90 mm)|high velocity 90 mm gun]] and extremely tough front turret armour able to exploit hull down positions against its competitors.

The T32 is a post-World War II heavy tank with 7.3 Battle Rating, and it's one of the best tanks for a specific battle tactic known as hull-down. Due to its 298 mm thick frontal turret armour, it will mostly deflect any incoming armour-piercing shells at any range, except incoming High Explosive Anti-Tank-Fin-Stabilized (HEAT-FS), aimed at the turret hole beneath the mantlet. It's crucial to conceal the T32's weak spots, especially the lower plate tips and lower mantlet since both spots can cause catastrophic damage to the T32.

Even if a T32 is hulling-down, doesn't mean it's invulnerable. If an armour-piercing shot deflects at the lower mantlet and penetrates through top hull armour, It will instantly knock out the tank, since the deflected shot goes right through the main ammo load and blows it off. Also, a very powerful HE shot from guns with over 120 mm calibre can cause severe damage to the T32's armour.

It's armed with the [[T15E2 (90 mm)|90 mm T15E2 gun]], and very effective against most enemies appearing in its Battle Rating range, mainly with late-World War II German and Soviet tanks. The stock ammunition T43 Armoured Piercing shell has good penetration but lack of explosive warhead is not enough to knock out most tanks in a single shot. A concentrated shot has to be very well aimed to seriously damage any enemy. Like most of U.S. tanks, the T32 performs better when armed with newly researched shell, the M82 Armour-Piercing Capped Ballistic Cap. Thus, the ammunition upgrades are very advisable to research first. The M82 shell has the roughly equal penetrating power with the T43 shell but contains 140 grams of explosive warhead inside, deadly enough to destroy any kind of tank in a single successful penetrating shot. Other shell includes T44 Armour-Piercing Composite Rigid, with impressively better penetration but unarmed with explosives. Despite having no explosive at all, APCR is good enough to cook off enemy tank's ammo load or take out critical module parts with an accurate shot. There's also T42 High Explosive shell, which is useful for destroying [[:Category:Anti-aircraft_vehicles|Self-Propelled Anti-Air vehicles]], but rather ineffective against armoured vehicles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Front, Turret, Cupola)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Side, Rear, Roof)

{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="6" align="center" | '''Tank Armour Table'''
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 127 mm (54-70°) ''Front Glacis'' 95.25 mm (26-46°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 76.2 mm || 50.8 mm (0-56°) || 38.1 mm
|-
| Turret || 298.4 mm (8-21°) ''Turret front'' 298.4 mm (0-80°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 152.4-196 mm (3-42°) || 152.4 mm (0-72°) || 25.4 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 152.4 mm (50°) || 25.4 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Machine gun port weak point is 127 mm + 25.4 mm of armour.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 54.0 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 37 (AB)
|-
|35 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|994
|1,228
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|681
|770
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|18.41
|22.74
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|12.61
|14.26
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|T15E2 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[T15E2 (90 mm)|90 mm T15E2]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 54 || -10°/+20° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 19.42 || 26.88 || 32.64 || 36.09 || 38.40
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.4 || 22.60 || 24.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 18.85 || 16.68 || 15.37 || 14.50
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| T43 shot || AP || 210 || 208 || 193 || 177 || 162 || 148
|-
| T42 shell || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
| T41 || APCBC || 224 || 221 || 206 || 188 || 172 || 157
|-
| T44 shot || APCR || 270 || 266 || 250 || 231 || 214 || 195
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| T43 shot || AP || 975 || 10.9 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| T42 shell || HE || 975 || 10.94 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 925 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| T41 || APCBC || 975 || 11 || 1.2 || 20 || 137.2 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| T44 shot || APCR || 1143 || 7.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}

===== Shell types =====

* '''T43 ''AP''''' - Stock shell, which means it's free to use, but highly recommended to replace with ''T41'' APCBC once available.
* '''T41 ''APCBC''''' - This shell is superior to the above shell in very way, able to penetrate ~10-15mm more armor at all angles and distances as well as an explosive filler to increase post-pen damage. Post-penetration effects are fantastic, only oversized fighting compartments can survive a successful penetration (e.g. Tortoise, Tiger) if the ammo racks have conveniently been emptied prior. 137 gram of TNT equivalent knocks the Soviet [[D-10T (100 mm)|100 mm D-10T]] out of the park.
* '''T44 ''APCR''''' - Plus ~50mm penetration on all ranges, looks good on paper, but a further check reveals a great disadvantage. With greater armour angles the penetration quickly drops, bone breaking as angled plates become very common in era IV and V. Additionally, the post-penetration effects are small, so it's best to focus fire on important crewmen and modules to disable the tank momentarily, with direct hits on ammo racks having a good chance (but not guaranteed) to cause an explosion like the ''T43'' AP shot. Best use one might find for this ammo is against tanks with flat armor like the [[Tiger II (H)]] front turret armor at long range, especially over 1000m where the ''T41'' APCBC shell will struggle to pen in comparison.
* '''T42 ''HE''''' - Penetration power is nothing to boast about, 1 mm more than the [[KwK_43 (88 mm)|long 8,8]] of the [[Tiger II (H)|King Tigers]], but 2 mm less than of the [[M46|90 mm cannons]] used by Patton's. Damage against common [[:Category:Anti-aircraft_vehicles|SPAA]] is satisfactory, but the long reload and good fuse sensitivity make the T41 APCBC shell the better choice. The roof-mounted [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|M2HB Browning]] heavy machine gun is the better weapon of choice against light vehicles.

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_T32.png|right|thumbnail|300px|Ammo racks of the T32.]]

The cannon takes two-piece ammunition, which explains why it takes so long for the cannon to load despite its 90 mm caliber. The propellant stowage covers the entire floor of the fighting compartment three times over. The projectiles themselves are kept in four racks, two lining both sides of the hull's fighting compartment, and two smaller ones on the port side of the turret in front of the loader.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| style="text-align:center" | '''54''' || 45 ''(+9)'' || 23 ''(+31)'' || 1 ''(+53)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Recommended ammo load: 23. ''Keeps starboard hull projectile rack and forward propellant stowage intact''.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,000 (200) || 577 || -10°/+35° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

The play style of T32 is vastly different in each game mode, due to the nature of the gameplay available in Ground Forces:

'''Arcade battles'''

* Player, ally, and enemy position will be immediately spotted upon detection with their name indicator visible above their vehicle and on the minimap
* Aim assist is present to help accurate aiming at a target
* Player and enemy team tank's nationality are mixed

The T32 shouldn't be exposed to the enemy at a prolonged time at close range engagement since the enemies will use aim assist to take out the T32 from either lower plate tips or lower turret. On the other hand, the T32 can also utilize these features against the enemy, albeit with much harder difficulty due to rather sub-par penetration against other tanks in Rank IV to reliably achieve first penetration in arcade tank combat. Exercise caution

'''Realistic battles'''

* No visible name indicator
* Manual range calculation
* Player and enemy team tank's nationality are not mixed

The T32 can safely mobilize itself due to the dissipation of name indicator above the vehicle, especially with its low profile. In Realistic Battle, the T32 can do almost anything on its own, especially with flanking enemies to deliver a striking blow to the enemy formations, since the sub-par penetration of the M82 APCBC is negated by the enemies' side armour weakness (be aware with [[IS-4M]] as it has 160 mm of side armour, expect to use both APCBC and APCR). As aforementioned earlier, the T32 excels better at flanking than other roles due to characteristics of its gun performance, mobility, and protection.

'''Simulator battles'''

* No visible name indicator
* Manual range calculation
* Player and enemy team tank's nationality are not mixed

The T32 can safely mobilize itself due to the dissipation of name indicator above the vehicle, especially with its low profile. In Simulator Battle, the battle tactic is almost similar to Realistic Mode. T32 can do almost anything on its own, especially with flanking enemies to deliver a striking blow to the enemy formations. Since the sub-par penetration of the M82 APCBC is negated by the enemies' side armour weakness (be aware with [[IS-4M]], as it has 160 mm of side armour, expect to use both APCBC and APCR). As aforementioned earlier, the T32 excels better at flanking than other roles due to characteristics of its gun performance, mobility, and protection.

Other considerations in Simulator mode is the different gun sight placement and 3rd person perspective. The gun sight is tough to control, located on the left side of mantlet. The 3rd person perspective, now in the commander's cupola area, helps the T32 by restricting the enemy's field of vision (although the player is as well) and allow the T32 to move stealthily more easily.

===Tactics===
The T32 can fulfil major roles in battle due to its flexibility at any kind of operation, known as "Jack-of-all-Trades". Its role is not far different than the well-known [[M26|M26 Pershing Medium Tank]]. There are 5 known roles that can be used in battle, which are Assault, Flank, Snipe, Support, and the last but not least, Ambush:

;Assault:

* Leading an assault directly into the enemy forces is the most frequently used tactic, especially in urban areas. It's quite capable to abuse the enemy shots with angling, but not entirely, since battle will mostly take place at very close range (about 0 - 100 meters). A strike team is needed to carry out an assault since T32 can't cover its side armour and slow reload time alone. In most cases, a T32 will likely to initiate flanking role to the enemy once it comes up-close to increase the chance of incapacitating a vehicle with a single strike in quick succession.

;Flank

* Flanking is the most effective role for the T32. Its characteristics and performances are highly orientated for flanking purpose. At given destructive penetrating power of the M82 Shell from close range, the T32 can critically damage, if not outright knocking out everything from the side. Be aware when initiating the operation, since someone might be trying to flank the flanker. Flanking is also a part of the assault role, albeit with a more focused objective on manoeuvring on the enemies' side. At this rate, the enemies will likely to scatter around to evade, so eliminating any available threat is required to continue the tactic. The armour will greatly aid in this tactic, as return fire is commonly a hasty act, yet be wary of the tank's weak spots! On open terrain keep manoeuvring during reload to throw of aim, alternatively on distances above 400m drive slightly angled forwards and backwards.

;Snipe:

* Sniping is frequently used by the T32 when encountering enemies in a large, open map such as Kursk and Mozdok. The T44 APCR is a good option when the target is too far and very fast since the M82 APCBC travels slower than APCR. Locating target is much harder than engaging at close range, since most of the enemies will also be sniping from afar, especially when sharpshooting against [[:Category:Germany_ground_vehicles|German tanks]]. Fortunately, almost no T32's frontal weak spot will be a viable target when sniping, since the weak spots are much more protected at longer range. It is suggested, if having to play on wide open terrain found on Tunisia, Kursk and Mozdok, to take full ammo load and 50/50 of APCR and APHE.

;Support:

* Supporting the allies to attack the enemies is a backup plan used to increase the allied forces firepower when attacking the enemies, such as providing covering fire for smaller tank such as [[T-44|T-44 medium tank]] or to increase the combat effort alongside the other heavy tank like [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II Heavy Tank]].

;Ambush'

* Ambush is preferable when enemies are unaware of the presence of a concealing T32. It should be commenced at a strategic choke point where the enemies will likely to mobilize their armours from there. Be aware that ambush is only used when the enemies are already identified by allies and heading to the choke point. Otherwise, sitting still and waiting for nothing can burden the team. Keep in mind that 90 mm T15E2 is L/73 length gun (aka very long), so make sure the gun barrel is hidden from the enemy if planning to catch them by surprise.

;"Hunker down"-Support:

* Move up to an distant open spot, visible from the enemy spawn or main route of attack and begin firing machine guns to draw in attention. The idea is caught the enemies attention and with this bind enemy firepower on something they can physically not destroy from the distance. Both the hostile force and the T32 will be pinned down in a stalemate, subtracting from each team's firepower. Therefore keep in mind the enemy's tank value. If it is only an M26, the T32 may be better off in the Support role, but if it is an IS-4 or several other evenly ranked tanks, then pursuing the hunker down tactic is worthwhile to the team's success.

;Conclusion:

* Overall, the T32 is a versatile heavy tank with an impressive performance in the game, but since it's not invincible with a fair amount of potential weaknesses, it requires specific knowledge with this tank to survive. The T32 will lead to the pinnacle of the U.S. heavy tank branch – the [[M103|120 mm Gun Tank M103]].

===Modules===
It takes a long time to research modules because the T32 requires a lot of research points. First of all, research Parts, since the T32 won't be able to continue the battle if any critical parts are knocked out. After researching the Parts, the next priority is the M82 shot, making it easy to penetrate other tanks and the progress will be much faster. The rest can be researched at any priority.

The most recommended research priority can be sorted from the most important and so on:

# Parts
# M82 Shot
# FPE
# T44 Shot
# Adjustment of Fire
# Elevation Mechanism
# Turret Drive
# Tracks
# Suspension
# Filters
# Engine
# Transmission
# Brake System

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Excellent 298 mm front turret armour
* Sloped front armour has effective ~200 mm thick
* Accurate high-velocity T15E2 cannon
* Splendid destructive power of the M82 APCBC
* Low profile
* Reasonably agile for a heavy tank
* Versatile tank role: Snipe, Assault, Flank, Support, and Ambush, known as "Jack-of-All-Trades"
* Very efficient in hull-down fighting

'''Cons:'''

* Long gun easily knocked out and disabled
* "Shot trap" on the lower part of mantlet can blow the main ammo load entirely
* Bow machine gun port and lower glacis armour are vulnerable front weak points
* Weak lower plate tips
* Rather thin side armour of 76 mm, angling could expose the weaker sides
* Lengthy reload time, at roughly 15.7 - 18.8 seconds
* A single shot into the centre main hull can cause the ammo to explode violently
* Overall performance of the vehicle is bad when uptiered
* High Repair cost in RB

== History ==

=== Predecessors & necessity ===
The deployment of the [[M26|M26 Pershing]] in the European theatre was very promising to the Allied firepower against Germany's late war tank designs such as the [[Panther G|Panthers]] and the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger IIs]]. However, the M26 Pershing was deemed too unarmoured to the same abuse it could dish out as the German 88 mm cannons could still knock it out relatively easily. In December 1944, the Ordnance Department was requested to build a Pershing tank with more armour and two approaches were made to this goal. The first was to have a standard M26 Pershing with more armour placed on it and a better final-drive gear installed, this method was similar to the construction of the [[M4A3E2|M4A3E2 "Jumbo"]] from the [[M4|M4 Shermans]]. The second approach was a new design using as many Pershing parts as possible for standardization. By February 1945, four prototypes of the latter were constructed and were designated the '''T32 Heavy Tank'''. This design took high priority in the tank development and proceeded in April 1945 with further development.

=== Development ===
The T32 design took some parts from the experimental ''T29 Heavy Tank'', namely an improved version of its cross-drive transmission. The T32 design used many M26 Pershing parts, but the design had the hull extended and an additional road wheel is attached on each side and its tracks were extended with five-inch extensions to reduce ground pressure. The tank was powered by a Ford GAC V12 engine that was able to crank out 770 hp. The 90 mm T15E2 gun mounted on the tank used a two-piece ammo design and such required a different interior stowage design but gave the tank great penetration capability. The armour on the tank was about 203 mm thick in the front hull, with about 300 mm of armour on the turret front. The first two prototypes retained a bow machine gun on the front hull, but this was removed on the last two prototypes, which increased the front armour integrity. The differences between the two prototype models were the method the armour was made (cast vs rolled) and the periscope designs. The later two prototype models were redesignated on August 1945 as the T32E1 Heavy Tank. These tanks were produced at the Chrysler Automotive Plant in Detroit. The first two prototypes (T32) were shipped to Aberdeen Proving Grounds in early 1946 for evaluation while the last two (T32E1) was completed in mid-1946 and the first was sent to Fort Knox and the other kept at Detroit Arsenal for engineering studies.

===Testing and cancellation===
The T32, as the first tank design to be tested with the cross-drive transmission, performed poorly in the evaluations as it was plagued with problems. Teething troubles and high maintenance requirements proved difficult for designers. However, this transmission design would eventually become a standard in American tanks once these issues were fixed. Despite its promising future as America's heavy tank, the T32 eventually had its funding cut due to severe budget cutbacks in the military after the end of World War II. No serial production was ordered so the four prototypes were left as test subjects for new technologies, which proved useful in the future.

=== In-game description ===
In 1944-1945 the Ordnance Department initiated the T29 program, which was the high priority construction of several tanks based on the M26. The end result was the next version of the M26 Pershing. The US ground forces needed a new, modified version of the mass-produced M26 outfitted with thicker armor, heavier weaponry, and an enlarged turret.

On February 8, 1945, the construction of four prototypes was approved, with the official T32 designation conferred in March. The tank hull was made from plates of homogeneous armor, and protecting the front section was prioritized. As a result, the armor there was 70-127 mm thick, while the side armor was made with 51-76 mm armor plates and the rear was protected by only 19-51 mm. The thickness of the lower section's front part was expanded to 38 mm, identical to the hull roof. The hull enjoyed a traditional design, though two prototypes had a cast front hull section and the other two had welded components.

The turret construction resembled the T29 models, which were larger than the M26 and had a gun mantlet that was expanded to 298 mm. The main weapon was a 90 mm T15E2 cannon with separate tube reloading. The weapon boasted high initial velocity and was good at penetrating armor, outstripping almost every one of its foreign equivalents.

Regardless of the work put into the project, the tank could not be completed by the end of the war, after which the T32 program lost its priority status. The conclusion had already been drawn by 1946 that there was no need to mass produce the model, given that M29s with similar weaponry already existed. There were also more powerful tanks in the pipeline.

== Media ==
'''Skins''' and camouflages for the T32 from live.warthunder.com:

*[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23t32 '''#T32''' Keyword]

=== Videos ===
{{Youtube-gallery|iuBx0vYccvg|Review "T32 Tank Review : Competing at Range" by ''CornyBros''|czgYdoxhbBE|Squad Gameplay "T-32 Tank Gameplay" by ''eNtaK''|Gy6fWdzkSbQ|Gameplay "Nuke Rounds in the T-32! (War Thunder 1.49)" by ''BaronVonGamez''}}

== Read also ==
[https://warthunder.com/en/news/2881/current/ Official War Thunder forum article: [Vehicle Profile<nowiki>]</nowiki> T32 Heavy Tank]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA heavy tanks}}

Falcon

2019-06-22T17:35:25Z

U69917707: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card|code=uk_falcon}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} British self-propelled anti-aircraft vehicle {{Battle-rating|1}}. This vehicle was introduced in [[Update 1.57 "Battle March"]]. While being an anti-aircraft vehicle, the Falcon has optimal performance against everything, assuming you have enough modifications. There are SPAA with higher fire rate, which can destroy planes instantly or harass them from great distances but have problems with medium tanks or tanks in general. There are SPAA which can destroy tanks but can't shoot down anything besides bombers. Falcon can potentially do both.

The Falcon looks like light tank chassis with a slightly sloped round turret on the back. Turret also has two long autocannons on its front. It's easy to realize a Falcon with its unique features as there are not many vehicles like it on a field at its battle rating.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The armour is not very good, it can protect against 7.64 mm machine guns, but that's about it. Even fighter aircraft can destroy it, however, this vehicle is mobile and fast, compared to most adversaries it faces.

It is also worth mentioning, that some APHE shells do not detonate upon impacting falcon's armour, like [[IS-7]]'s AP(HE)CBC, allowing the tank to sometimes make narrow escapes.

Problem is, the very same shells can hull-break the Falcon as long as they are of 120+ mm calibre and hit a critical module of the tank. One of the confirmed critical modules are autocannon breach, and so the hit to them can also spell doom for the vehicle, so it seems more up to luck if tank survives or not. Also, most of the tanks that use huge guns also carry 12.7 mm or 14.5 mm machine guns and will fire them at the Falcon, as soon as they realize, that it somehow survived main cannon shot, so don't stop running away if you can move.

The tank will also most likely instantly explode if hit by 105 mm chemical ammunition or artillery.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 10 mm (80°), 12.7 mm (2-19°) ''Front glacis'' 12.7 mm (37°) ''Lower glacis'' || 12.7 mm ''Top'' 12.7 mm (13°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm (2°) || 10 mm
|-
| Turret || 10 mm (4-64°) || 10 mm (14-26°) || 10 mm (2°) || 6 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Armour is so thin, some heavy-calibre rounds won't detonate and only do damage in a straight line. However, most tanks like this have heavy machine guns, which can take Falcon down even faster, unless it destroys them first.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 15.9 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 52 (AB)
|-
|48 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|303
|372
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|188
|213
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|19.06
|23.4
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|11.82
|13.4
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|HSS-831L (30 mm)}}

Falcon carries two 30 mm autocannons with a high rate of fire. Together, they can shred tanks and planes apart in mere seconds.

Autocannons tend to overheat if continuously fired, short bursts work best. Don't fire for longer than 6 seconds, unless you try to destroy enemy tank's protection for allies.

Recoil from guns slows you down and pushes you back. If you want to do run-n-gun attack, keep that in mind and try to fire a broadside, if possible, as otherwise, tank's turret might actually catch up to you.

Ammunition is stored in one belt, which is good for last stand type of fight, but bad in general. Rearming the belt is only possible when you are empty, you can do that in capture point. It takes almost a minute, and then you also have to reload it for about a minute. You really don't want to run out of ammo, if your team is bad at controlling the map. You can be easily taken out even by fighter planes at that state because your armour is weak.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[HSS-831L (30 mm)|30 mm HSS-831L]] (x4)
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity each)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="2" | 620 (310) || 600 || -10°/+85° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' ||70.45||97.51||118.4||130.94||139.29
|-
| ''Realistic'' ||47.6||56||67.8||75||80
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
| colspan="2" |Rearm rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
|65||57.5||53||50
| colspan="2" |~60
|-
|}

=== Ammunition ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| APHE-I || AP-I || 60 || 53 || 40 || 33 || 28 || 19
|-
| APDS-T || APDS || 110 || 101 || 95 || 69 || 52 || 41
|-
|}

===Belt types===
{| class="wikitable"
| '''Belts''' || '''Shell composition''' || '''Combat usage'''
|-
| align="left" |'''''Default ''''' || align="left" | AP-I, HEI-T* || align="left" |General combat. Avoid heavily armoured MBT at all costs, punish other SPAA and light tanks.
|-
| align="left" |'''''30x170 HE-I-T''''' || align="left" | HEI-T*, HEI*, HEI*, AP-I || align="left" |Belt adapted to hunt down planes. Damage to light tanks and SPAA is reduced severely
|-
| align="left" |'''''30x170 APHE-I''''' || align="left" | AP-I, AP-I, AP-I, HEI-T*|| align="left" | Belt adapted to hunt down light tanks. Damage to planes is reduced, but still adequate.
|-
| align="left" |'''''30x170 APDS-T''''' || align="left" | APDS, AP-I*, AP-I*, HEI-T* || align="left" |Anti-tank belt. Flank and destroy careless MBT's, damage heavy tanks, while doing AA duty.
|}

=== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] ===
[[File:Ammoracks Falcon.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the Falcon.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''620''' || 310 ''(+310)''|| 0 ''(+620)''|| style="text-align:center" | N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Generally, Falcon drives around the battlefield, trying to hide in hard to notice flank positions or behind houses and shoots at planes. In case if someone drives by - flanks them and destroys them, if has AP belt.

It's generally better to stay out of sight, using terrain elevation or houses. You only can choose one belt, AP belt is adequate for any work. If you want to shoot just planes you can take explosive ammo, but then you are completely useless against armour. APDS belt allows harassing even heavily armoured vehicles from sides. You won't need to reload until you are done.

In case if some tank noticed you and wants to destroy you, you can use the fact, that tanks turrets are usually far from the front of the tank. Bait enemy towards your cover, stand far enough away from the corner to see enemy tracks, but not to see an enemy turret, and shoot cannons at the track that is '''further away from you'''. That will force the moving tank to topple over and mess with the enemy aim. Before enemy realized what has just happened shred their side armour and destroy them. If that failed - run, they won't be able to get you anyway. You can do that in duels as well, however, just destroying them is better at that point.

In RB, it's possible to hide in forests, waiting for relatively poorly armoured German medium tanks, light tanks and alike, however, if they notice your vehicle first you probably won't do enough damage to stop them from firing again.

In AB, it's possible to just drive around and shoot at everyone, since it's even faster there, however, people dislike being shot at by autocannons, and someone will certainly notice the noise and kill-feed, so don't expect to live long, especially against Soviets, who have lots of frontal armouring and BMPs, which are superior to you in every way.

Some enemies to be concerned about:

* ATGM: These are worse than any tanks because they won't accidentally hit your loader with AP shell, they will just explode you. Attack only when having the upper hand, be that long range, cover, or surprise.
* Maus: It's invulnerable to you and has 2 cannons. Even IS-7 can technically be defeated in point blank duel with APDS from the rear, but not The Maus. In AB this means, that you can't drive anywhere it can look and fire at.
* Soviet tanks and heavy tanks: A lot of them sport 120 mm cannons, which means, if they fire back at your guns, the shell may just break the hull. They also have superior frontal armour, so try to be careful around them.

====Counter-tactics====

'''Ground:''' 
AP and APDS belts are most effective when fired at your side armour or back of the turret. If you are attacked by a Falcon, just turn both hull and turret to take better angle against them.

It's best to not let them get a jump on you at all, since it may be able to destroy 2 tanks before anyone even realizes what's going on. Just don't stand with your sides open towards flank directions, instead, turn your hull's front and back there, if the enemy you are currently fighting cannot fire at your hull anyway.

On rare occasions, ramming the Falcon damages it's guns. Ramming at full speed often damages tracks or at least temporarily stops it.

'''Air:''' The Falcon has questionable accuracy at 2 km range, but it still can force you to disengage just by firing in your general direction. It's still better to not mess with falcon and avoid flying too much near to buildings if you know it's there.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* High penetrating APDS rounds can actually do some major damage at the tier
* Very high one-second burst mass
* Only has one ammo belt per gun so no need to reload

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour
* Shotgun effect when fired continuously for more than 10 seconds. Will most likely overheat at that point, too
* Approximately 30 seconds worth of ammo before needing to rearm at a capture circle, which takes a long time
* High repair cost in arcade battles of 15k + about 2k for APDS ammunition when spaded

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's devblog entry (if applicable) and the ingame encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/866/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Falcon AA: Britain’s foremost anti-air gun]

{{Britain anti-aircraft vehicles}}

B-24D-25-CO

2019-06-02T19:53:25Z

U69917707: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card|code=b_24d}}
{{About
| about = American heavy bomber '''{{Specs|name}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = B-24/PB4Y (Family)
}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American bomber {{Battle-rating}}. This bomber has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.29.

The Consolidated B-24D Liberator was built to be a long-range four-engine heavy bomber. It is most efficiently used for bombing stationary targets like bases, airfields, and pillboxes from high altitude.

The Liberator can cruise somewhat faster than the Boeing B-17E Flying Fortress and can also carry a heavier payload. Unfortunately, its manoeuvrability and handling are significantly worse thanks to the Davis wing design, which is optimized for efficient level flight only. Evasive manoeuvres are not easy to pull off and typically result in loss of altitude or going into a spin.

In line with the USAAF's philosophy during World War II, the Liberator is equipped with a relatively heavy defensive armament of eleven .50 cal AN/M2 heavy machine guns staffed by gunners. The theory behind this was intended that an American bomber would be able to defend itself from enemy fighters in daylight missions. These guns have excellent coverage and there is no angle from which attackers may come from on which no guns can be brought to bear.

Compared to the B-17E, the Liberator can carry an additional 2 x 1,000 lb (454 kg) bombs. However, this maximum payload of 8,000 lb (3,632 kg) compares very unfavorably against other heavy bombers like the [[Yer-2_ACh-30B/L|Yermolayev Yer-2 with ACh-30B engines]] (5,000 kg), [[Do_217_M-1|Dornier Do 217]] series (4,000 kg), and [[Lancaster_B_Mk_I|Lancaster]] series (14,000 lb or 6,363 kg), all of which have much lower battle ratings. On the flip side, while it's payload may not have been as great as other nation's bombers, over 18,500 B-24 bombers were built over the duration of the war (the most produced bomber) and were deployed in sheer numbers unmatched by any other bomber.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,620 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 472 || 464 || 9,754 || 39.6 || 40.3 || 2.0 || 2.9 || 820
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,620 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || 9,754 || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || 820
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 570 || 450 || 520 || ~1 || ~1
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 280 || < 320 || < 290 || > 200
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,620 m || 4,400 hp || 4,752 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 9.5 mm Steel - Armor plates behind the pilots
* 9.5 mm Steel - Armor plates in front of the dorsal gunner
* 9.5 mm Steel - Armor plate in front of the ventral gunner
* 9.5 mm Steel - Armor plate behind beam gunners
* 9.5 mm Steel - Armor plates around the tail gunner
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Tail gunner's rear facing window

== Armaments ==

=== Suspended armament ===

      ''Main article: '''[[:Category:Suspended armaments|Bombs]]'''''

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* 8 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 20 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 12 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 8 x 1000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (8,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine gun, dorsal turret (200 rpg = 400 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine gun, ventral turret (275 rpg = 550 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine gun, tail turret (400 rpg = 800 total)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine gun, 2 x beam turret (250 rpg = 500 total)
* 3 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine gun, nose turret (300 rpg = 900 total)

== Usage in the battles ==

Due to its high battle rating, the Liberator will face many high-altitude dedicated bomber interceptors with 20–30 mm cannons, making for an extremely dangerous environment. The defensive guns should be treated as a last resort; combat with fighters should be avoided at all costs by the use of careful route planning and cloud cover, if available.

If pursued, attempt to manoeuvre the Liberator so that the enemy is forced into a tail-chase, where the Liberator's defensive guns are most effective.

Low-level bombing is not recommended due to the limited manoeuvrability of the aircraft, the Liberator simply doesn't have the performance to get away with it and you will be an easy target for enemy fighters.

====Counter-tactics====

When going up against the B-24D, it is very important that the attacker must never underestimate the sheer defensive power this bomber holds. If not careful, your plane will either become critically damaged or a ball of fire from only a few hits from the 12.7 mm M2 Browning MGs.

The number one rule when fighting a bomber is to '''''never''''' engage it in front or the back; this applies heavily when engaging the B-24D since you will have 6 machine guns facing you. The best way to attack this bomber is from above or the sides. Attacking from below is highly discouraged since you will be forced to pull up in order to engage and end up above the bomber where 4 machine guns will be facing you automatically. Boom & Zoom tactics are highly recommended since it allows you to evade machine gun fire and be on the constant move at high speeds making it difficult for the gunners to get a bead on you.

When engaging the B-24D, you must always keep your momentum and never stall or bleed your speed. Losing speed means you are an easier target to hit, which means you are an easier target to shoot down. Aiming at the engines will also stress your opponent as it will cause the bomber to lose speed rapidly or even better, catch fire. If you wish for an easy kill without wasting precious time, it is recommended to aim for the bomber's wings. Damaging the wings of the plane will cause it to tilt to one side or snap.

The last thing a player should take note is the plane they plane they are flying. As bad as it sounds, a Japanese plane is more likely to be brought down than a German plane due to the difference in armour, it is better to bring an aircraft with some form of protection rather than a plane with no protection, this will determine your chances of survival by a great amount.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
| Protective Vest
| SBC-24
| Turret 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| New 12 mm (turret)
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| MBC-24
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| LBC-24
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Heavy defensive armament, protected from every angle (deadly from frontal and rear attacks)
* Heavier payload than the [[B-17E/L|B-17E]], however comparable to [[B-17G-60-VE|B-17G]]
* Overall better flight performance than the [[B-17E/L|B-17E]] in level flight

'''Cons:'''

* Poor handling, built for top speed a level flight, not manoeuvring
* Significantly lower payload compared to heavy bombers of other nations
* Twin tail configuration reduces manoeuvrability, rectified in [[PB4Y-2|PB4Y-2 ''Privateer'']] with a single tail

== History ==

The B-24 was produced in several variants to fulfil operational and training needs. More Liberators were eventually built than any other US Warplane during World War II. The first B-24 prototype flew in December of 1943 named "XB-24". The aircraft was designed around the "Davis" wing, a long, thin, large area structure mounted high on the fuselage. The long wingspan gave the B-24 excellent high altitude performance and allowed it to extend its range. The twin bomb-bays were called "roller shutter" doors. The doors rolled up into the aircraft. The purpose of this design was to reduce the drag while the bomb bay doors are open. The bomb-load was stored vertically with a catwalk down the middle, this gave crews easy access to the rear of the fuselage. The Liberator was powered by four 1,200 HP Pratt & Whitney R-1830 engines. The aircraft also included a twin tail design and tricycle landing gear.

The B-24 made its operational debut in June of 1942. It was tasked with long-range raids on Germany's Romanian oilfields. The B-24 is commonly remembered for its service with the Eighth Air Force but it filled a desperate roll for the navy as a long-range patrol aircraft. After huge losses of allied shipping, the Navy was granted access to Liberators. These aircraft were operated under the designation PB4Y. They were equipped with air to surface radar and depth charges. The B-24 also quickly replaced the B-17 in the Pacific theatre due to its long-range capabilities. The B-24 was used to bring havoc to Japanese land installations and naval vessels. Liberators stayed in service until 1951, they were replaced by the Privateer.

The B-24 is often unfairly compared to the B-17. The B-24 was newer, more efficient, and much more versatile then Boeing's design. The B-24 saw action on all fronts, its most valuable work may have been against U-boats. The aircraft also saw work as a cargo plane, tanker, patrol, and reconnaissance. Even some were armed with additional guns as escorts. The B-24 was not as popular with its crews as the B-17. The B-24 was known to catch fire in battle easier and at times was known to suffer from hydraulic problems.

=== In-game description ===
"The Consolidated B-24D “Liberator” heavy bomber was created as a part of “Project A,” a program launched to enhance the USA’s industrial capacity to meet the needs of the Air Force. The contract for the aircraft, which was to be an improved B-17, was received by Consolidated in March of 1939, with a prototype required by the end of the year. The prototype was finished and made its first flight just two days before the deadline on December 29.

The new aircraft, although more difficult to control, was superior to the B-17 in range, operational ceiling, and maximum speed. In addition, it could carry a significantly larger bomb load (up to 3629 kg), which largely determined its application: the first models delivered to England were mainly used for coastal protection from German submarines.

The first successful modification of the aircraft was the B-24D, which was mass-produced from 1940 to 1942. This model had four 1200 hp engines, and its armament was modified over time, based on pilot feedback. Eventually, it was equipped with eleven 12.7mm machine guns (three in the nose, two remote-controlled guns in the dorsal turret, two in the ventral ball turret, one machine gun in each side window, and two machine guns in the tail turret).

The B-24 was the most mass-produced Allied bomber in World War II - all in all, 18,482 B-24s were produced, 2,696 of which were B-24Ds. These bombers were made in several factories. The factory which produced the most was the Henry Ford plant in Willow Run, which in 1944 released a B-24 every hour, 650 planes per month.

The B-24 was actively used in the Pacific and European theaters of war."

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA bombers}}

Brigand B 1

2019-05-16T19:42:33Z

U69917707: /* Offensive armament */

{{Specs-Card|code=brigand_b1}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_BrigandB1.jpg|450px|thumbnail|left]]
{{break}}
The '''Bristol Brigand.1''' is a Rank IV British light bomber with a battle rating of 4.7 (AB/RB) and 4.3 (SB). It was introduced in [[Update_1.63_"Desert_Hunters"|Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]].

This plane is a pure bomber hunter and ground attack aircraft. If there are no bombers for you to hunt, switch to heading on fighters. Should you survive to late match and find that the tickets will decide the match then you may load up air to ground weapons, but not before that.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

====Stat card====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,267 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ___ || ___ || 10,300 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || 600
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,267 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ___ || ___ || 10,300 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || 600
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ____ || < ____ || < ____ || > ____
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ____ m || ____ hp || ____ hp
|-
|}

====Engine performance====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine Name
! colspan="3" | Number present
|-
| colspan="3" | Bristol Centaurus 57 14-cylinder || colspan="1" | 2
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine characteristics
|-
! colspan="2" | Weight (each)
! colspan="1" | Type
! colspan="1" | Cooling
|-
| colspan="2" | 1,220 kg || Radial || Air
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Stock)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | ____ hp || colspan="2" | ____ hp
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | ____ hp || colspan="2" | ____ hp
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Upgraded)
|-
! Mode
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | ____ hp || colspan="2" | ____ hp
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | ____ hp || colspan="2" | ____ hp
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | WEP Duration
|-
! colspan="2" | Arcade
! colspan="2" | Realistic/Simulator
|-
| colspan="2" | 25 seconds || colspan="2" | ____
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured. Describe the armour, if there is any, also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

* 64 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate in pilot's seat.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate in the nose.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate in the fuselage.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]] cannons, nose-mounted (200 rpg = 800 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV (500 lb)|G.P. 1,000 lb Mk.I (1,000 lb)|RP-3}}

The options available for the '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' are:

* Without load
* 2 x G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x G.P. 1,000 lb Mk.I bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 16 x 76 mm RP-3 rockets
* 16 x 76 mm RP-3 rockets + 2 x G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)

== Usage in the battles ==

In AB and RB, you should immediately bomber hunt, as those will be your easiest kills, combined with your bomber altitude, you should stay high until you run out of targets to engage then you should go for injured fighters and ground targets. When diving, use your airbrakes to be sure not to exceed your maximum speed in a dive.

'''How to offensively Engage an enemy aircraft:''' 
The first thing you should do is head on. Your 4 hispano guns will completely obliterate any aircraft from the front with a 3-second burst. In your head on you should open fire as far out as you feel comfortable, then turn out immediately after you hit him, as you don't want him to change direction until after your volley hits home.

'''How to perform defensive fighting:''' 
Should an enemy get on your six, your best bet is to bolt towards allied fighters/airfield and give the enemy a hard time aiming at you. While moving in the same general direction, dart your nose around and play with the roll, rudder and rise, if your lucky he'll either overshoot, run out of ammo, or get shot down. Under no circumstance should you ever turnfight anything smaller than a medium bomber, as they will either run you out of speed or out turn you.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not automatic pitch || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Combined || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great armament of four nose mounted Hispano V's.
* Bomber spawn (AB and RB).
* Decently manoeuvrable for an aircraft of its size, especially with combat flaps.
* Plenty of ammo.
* Good attack payloads of 2000 lbs or 16 RP-3 Rockets, even mixed.
* Very good cockpit visibility.
* Heavy armour on nose of aircraft for head-ons.
* Good diver.
* Air brakes that provide lift upon usage.

'''Cons:'''

* Generally slow.
* Average climb rate.
* Massive target.
* No defensive gunners on the aircraft.
* Air brakes lack performance under 600 km/h.
* Early bomb modifications are mounted far on the wings, making them hard to aim.
* Bad roll rate.
* Poor performance at high altitude.

== History ==

Designed to replace the famous Bristol Beaufighter series, The Bristol Type 164 "Brigand" was based off of the already in production Bristol Buckingham, a transport/liason aircraft intended to have been a medium bomber like the [[Wellington Mk III][Wellington]. Because of this the Brigand was substantially larger than it's predecessor and its performance suffered in suite. Originally conceived as a fast torpedo attacker, the Brigand turned out to be a heavy strike bomber, and only the first Eleven air frames were ever torpedo capable.

The Brigand B.1 as we see ingame would first see service with No. 84 and No. 8 Sqn RAF in Aden, modern day Yemen. while not seeing action, the dry hot Climate of the Arabian peninsula was ideal for the Brigand and production continued. The Brigand would next be handed over to the Beaufighter squadron No. 45 based out of Tengah, Singapore in engaging Communist Guerillas in and around Malaya (Modern day Malaysia). It was here where the Brigand would receive its trial of fire, bombing and rocketing swathes of the South-East Asian Jungles on the hunt for this red menace (sound familiar?). However the Humid climate and constant stress from Dive bombing would be the death sentence for this aircraft. The Leather and Rubber seals used on the hydraulic jacks of the landing gear and dive brakes rotted away, causing gear failures and some dive brakes failing, leading to crashes and wing tearing. This combined with the Brigand's wings being unable to cope with the constant dive bombing led to it being withdrawn from service in Malaya by 1952, and from Aden by 1954.

== Media ==

[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/?q=%23brigand All live posts on the brigand (as of July 2018 there are 2 skins for it)]

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

''ETC.''

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain bombers}}

AMX-30 (1972)

2019-05-15T14:31:06Z

U69917707: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=fr_amx_30_1972}}
{{About
|about=medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=AMX-30 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} French medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]].

The [[AMX-30]] was first issued in August 1966, with the first 5 units being assigned to 501''e Régiment de Chars de Combat'' (Combat Tank Regiment). The AMX-30 is the first tank to use France's very own 105mm gun, the [[CN-105-F1 (105 mm)|CN-105-F1]] designed in tandem with the Obus G spin stabilized High Explosive Anti-Tank round; a [[Browning M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7mm M2HB]] heavy machine gun for a co-axial, and a [[AAN-F1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm]] machine gun on the cupola. At the time, it weighed a light 36 tons (metric) compared to the [[Leopard I|Leopard's]] 40 tons, but overall has a lower hp/ton ratio due to usage of a weaker engine. The AMX-30 mod. 1972 saw the replacement of the [[Browning M2HB (12.7 mm)|M2HB]] co-axial machine gun with a [[M693 (20 mm)|20mm M693 autocannon]] with the ability to elevate from -8° to 40° (20° higher than the main gun) in order to target light armoured Vehicles and helicopters

As previously mentioned, the 105mm gun on the AMX-30 is France's own, and designed with a particular shell in mind, the OCC 105 "Obus G". This shell works by having the HEAT warhead mounted on bearings to and outer shell by bearings, thus keeping the accuracy of a normal rotating HEAT shell with the penetrative power of non-rotating HEAT Fin Stabilized shell, supposedly making the shot more accurate at longer ranges. This shell and the revision from a .50 cal to a 20mm autocannon suggest this tank was modernized for long range combat in a highly mobile package which could be a reflection of the French's army exceptions, possibly that fighting over the fields of France .

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

Being a derivative of the Euro-panzer project (like the Leopard) and that mobility and firepower were placed above almost all else, the AMX-30 was not built to get shot at by main battle tanks, or tanks for that matter.

'''Hull armour :'''

The lower front plate is 79 mm thick at 39° (which is not a lot at 7.3) while the upper front plate is (again) 79mm, this time at 68°. In other words, the hull will not defend the AMX-30 against anything heavier than an auto-cannon, although it could bounce some AP and APHE rounds when using the 8° of gun depression to its fullest, though to be safer, don't expose the front of the hull.

The side/rear of the hull are also lackluster, with 30mm side and rear protection and the the only "strong point" being the sponsons with 35mm, expect most rounds larger than heavy machine guns to pass through. The sponsons themselves have only a 57mm plate covering the front, not to mention it is angled up and to the side, it could potentially be a weakspot for anti-aircraft vehicles if they are at an angle compared to you.

'''Turret armour:'''

Much like the Hull, the turret isn't really meant to protect against much. The turret is 80mm thick around the gun (not counting the 150 mm gun ring since it's too small a target). The rest are mostly 60mm thick apart from a 50mm autocannon mantlet and a 35mm plate for the view port. The top and bottom of the mantlet is 30mm thick, but it's at 78°, meaning it might be the toughest part yet, particularly since shot traps from the bottom of the mantlet don't seem common.

The turret cheeks maybe only 41.5mm thick, but from the front, the angle makes the shot risky, though be aware it is still a potential target. If the tank is played using its mobility and peeking over ridges, the cupola is 60mm and rather big, so be wary of APHE shells because if they penetrate there, you might lose the turret crew if not the entire tank.

The most likely target on the turret (maybe even the whole tank) is the turret top and "forehead", the armour plate directly above the mantlet is 30mm thick with an angle of 71°, it might bounce ''some'' shells, but most APDS and HEAT will still go through. The problem being that sitting at the rear of the turret is the ready rack, which will most likely detonate if hit.

The turret side armour has nothing much speaking for it that the front armour has, as much like the hull, it isn't well armored. Ricochets and bounces off this sector is quite rare and should be unexpected. Just make sure to keep your head on a swivel and have that turret hidden or pointing at your foe.

'''Modules and crew placement:'''

A particularity in the AMX-30's survivability is the placement of modules and crew. On the Leopard, shooting the left side of the upper front plate of the hull would knock out the driver, gunner, and commander all at once, thus completely neutralizing the tank and requiring a replacement crew to be deployed, and shooting the right side would detonate the ammo rack which holds 90% of the Leopard's ammo capacity

This problem doesn't happen as much on an AMX-30 however, because of the tank's fuel tank being in front and beside the ammo rack, shots to the left side of the hull might not detonate the ammo rack there and (if you lucky) might not even hit the gunner. As for the right side, the only crewman behind the driver is the loader.

In other words, whereas it would take one shot to disable or destroy a Leopard 1 through the hull, it may take more than one to defeat an AMX-30 this way.

The downside of course is that you have 22 rounds of ammunition in a ready rack that will constantly fill itself, which means that 40% of your munitions is sitting behind the gunner and commander, making shots at the turret the enemy's priority

A final note will be on the smoke shells and smoke grenades available on the AMX-30: use these without moderation! If targeted and multiple enemies are pointing/firing upon you, use the smoke grenades and relocate; if an enemy is keeping you pinned, try to catch him off guard and throw a smoke shell in his face then proceed.

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull roof, Hull sides)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 79 mm (57-68°), 50 mm (52-76°) ''Front glacis'' 79 mm (0-57°), 30 mm (75°) ''Lower glacis'' || 35-57 mm (0-35) 30 mm ''Bottom'' 25 mm (70°) ''Belly'' || 30 mm (10°) ''Top'' 30 mm ''Center'' 25 mm (70°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm 8 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 30-150 mm (0-79°) ''Gun mantlet'' 30 mm (61-75°) ''Turret front top'' || 41.5 mm (19-47°) || 30 mm (1-64°) 20 mm (54-64°) ''Turret underside'' || 20 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 80 mm || 20 mm
|}

=== Mobility ===

The mobility of the AMX-30 is great in almost every respect. It has slightly lower acceleration than a Leopard or [[STB-1]], but it still gets the job done about as well. It doesn't struggle much off road, but do remind yourself that the gun is not stabilized. Firing on the move might hit occasionally and might scare them off, but shooting straight means stopping, something you should '''never''' do when targeted by enemy tanks.

Reminder that the tank as -8° elevation to the front of the tank, and (like the Leopard) cannot depress over the back, so don't get flanked, ever (considering the mobility of this tank, if your outflanked, you either stayed still too long, took the unfortunate path, or didn't pay enough attention).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 36.0 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 72 (AB)
|-
|65 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|1,116
|____
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|637
|720
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|31.00
|__.__
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|17.69
|20.00
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|CN-105-F1 (105 mm)}}
The main armament on the AMX-30 (1972) is the [[CN-105-F1 (105 mm)|CN-105-F1]]. This gun was specifically designed for the use of the tank's OCC-105 spin stabilized HEAT shell, which works by spinning an outer shell using the gun's rifling in order to provide aerodynamic stability while the inner shell (the actual warhead) is suspended by bearings in order to minimize rotation, which would reduce the penetrative power of said shell. It is for all intents and purposes a slightly different HEAT-FS shell.

The main concern is that HEAT shells, particularly modern ones, are sensitive to impact, they might fly through some foliage and some fences, but it is best to destroy the destructible terrain first before firing (where the 20mm comes in handy, more on that later), though you must remember that on maps like [[Sinai|Sinai]] where houses can be shot through without being shot down, you are at a disadvantage because if you are seen, enemies with AP shells of any sort can and will be able to shoot through the building and hit you, while chemical shells (including HE, HEAT, and HEAT-FS) can't.

But do not underestimate the power of its HEAT shell, it still is quite deadly, harder to bounce, and it keeps penetration over range, not to mention you get similar performance to a Leopard's HEAT-FS from stock and thus without the associated price. All in all, firepower-wise, the tank is not bad.

The shrapnel of the round in post-penetration damage might not be as plentiful as APHE rounds, but with a reload speed of 8.7 seconds stock, provided you aim for crew and modules, you can spit out about 7 HEAT shells penetrating anything from 200mm at 60° to 400mm at 90° every minute. Once fully upgraded, you go from 8.7 seconds reload for about 7 shots per minute to 6.7 seconds reload for about 9 shots a minute. It isn't the best out there, but it does fire fast.

A word of warning before talking of the gun's flexibility though, knowing your enemy's tank is crucial, but most importantly you must know and remember the location of: A) the gunner, in order to prevent him from firing, and B) the ammo racks, in order to one shot the enemy, should you catch him off guard or incapacitate his gunner.

As for the gun handling, its quite exceptional. The turret rotation is okay stock at 36°/s and is fast once you get the "horizontal turret drive" module unlocked at 50°/s. The turret elevation isn't slow either, meaning that acquiring, tracking, and changing targets is relatively easy on this tank, you can even track some propeller driven aircraft (more on that later).

The elevation angles aren't too bad, though could be better considering the high roof and aforementioned "forehead" of the turret, the gun only goes 8° down when fully depressed, it is worse than tanks like the Leopard and Centurions that can depress 9° and 10° respectively, but do remember it is still better than the Vickers' 7° and the T-54's 4° of depression so don't be too afraid of peeking over small hills and ridges, just be quick to pop up and back down when necessary.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[CN-105-F1 (105 mm)|105 mm CN-105-F1]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 50 || -8°/+20° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 28.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 17.9 || 22.1 || 25.7 || 28.4 || 30.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 8.7 || 7.7 || 7.1 || 6.7
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25 || 25
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| OCC 105 F1 || HEAT || 1,000 || 11 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 1,020 || +0° || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| OE 105 F1 Mle.60 || HE || 700 || 12 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 2,000 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| OFPH 105 F1 || 700 || 11 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_AMX-30.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|Ammo racks of the AMX-30 (identical to AMX-30 (1972).]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''50''' || XX ''(X+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

For ammo loadouts, it is suggested to bring 20-25 rounds of HEAT, 3-6 rounds of Smoke, and no HE rounds. That is because despite of the 50 rounds capacity, in a normal game you won't fire that many HEAT rounds, thus 20 shells for the more ammo conserving folk or 25 rounds for the more trigger happy is recommend. You may take more if you really need to, but you can get away with just that many if you make a stop by a capture zone to replenish.

The smoke rounds, depending on your play-style, you might not need often, but when you do, they are life saving as they can allow you to lay a smoke screen right in front of you or your team when you're out of smoke grenades (or if you've yet to unlock them yet) and they can blind snipers allowing you and your team to move up.

The HE shells are very situational, since the 20mm is almost always a better alternative. You don't need it to hull break light vehicles since the HEAT shell already does that, the only use would be for a target that is too far to hit effectively with the 20mm, but where a HEAT shell might be unnecessary.

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|M693 (20 mm)}}
The secondary on the AMX-30 is not a machine gun, but an auto-cannon. It fires a belt with a composition of of 1 High Explosive Fragmentation (HEF) round, followed by one Armour Piercing round (AP) with both of these rounds being incendiary tracer rounds (I-T). Alternating between explosive rounds that are great from helicopters, planes and exposed crew, whilst burning and tracing the round; and an armour piercing round for light armored targets, whilst burning and tracing the round.

The only times where you would not be firing your 20mm gun is either: 1) there are no targets, 2) it would give your sniping position or your flanking attack away, 3) you are too far away to hit/damage anything, 4) you are trying to cool the weapon down (yes it can overheat) 5) you're reloading/un-jamming it.

In almost every other circumstance, firing the 20mm is preferably though some times more than others, because this secondary is useful at four things in particular :

# destroying fences, walls, trees, bushes, ... and any other destructible environment your HEAT shell would detonate upon before reaching your target
# destroying light vehicles, exposed crew and even other tanks should you have the side or rear of the target to shoot at
# shooting down planes, as they are preparing or exiting an attack run
# and lastly, destroying the exposed modules (canons, guns, tracks, ERA blocks) of an any tank if you can't destroy it outright

There is only one belt to use, so make use of the HE-AP combination in the belt. The autocannon gets one thousand rounds to use, which means 500 rounds of crew-injuring HE and 500 rounds of tank damaging AP, with a fire rate not too slow nor too fast that allows for sustained suppressive fire.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M693 (20 mm)|20 mm M693]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,000 (500) || 740 || -0°/+20° || N/A
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|AAN-F1 (7.62 mm)}}
Considering the fact that the 20mm co-axial is not only powerful enough, but flexible enough to shoot down planes with, the AAN-F1 machine gun just seems like an outlier in terms of providing firepower. It could be useful to attack exposed crew members, but this is very rare with the type of enemy vehicles seen in matches. The best use of this machine gun would probably to annoy the enemy, or draw their attention without using the valuable 20 mm autocannon shells.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[AAN-F1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm AAN-F1]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 2,000 (100) || 900 || -10°/+45° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Tank is relatively fast and mobile
* Turret rotation and elevation is fast
* 20mm auto-cannon is good against light tanks, planes, and obstacles
* HEAT shells have good penetration
* Has access to smoke shells and smoke grenades
* Gunner and driver are not aligned means tank is harder to disable in one shot
* Hull ammo rack surrounded by fuel tank
* Has a good Rangefinder as a modification, making long range engagements easier

'''Cons:'''

* Armour is unsatisfactory against enemy armaments
* Only 8° of gun depression
* Cannot depress the gun over the engine deck
* HEAT shell can't go through obstacles
* Ready-rack at turret rear is prone to getting shot, even from the front
* High cupola design makes it easier to spot

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5206-development-amx-30-mod-1972-next-generation-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> AMX-30 Mod. 1972: Next Generation]

{{France medium tanks}}

F4U-7

2019-05-11T22:12:27Z

U69917707: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=f4u-7
|cockpit=332618/1102823
}}
{{About
| about = American naval fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = F4U (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_F4U-7(France).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French naval fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || ?
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 3 mm Steel plates in front of cockpit, top of fuselage.
* 8 mm Steel plate behind the pilot
* 12.7 mm Steel plate on headrest.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|AN/M3 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm AN/M3 cannons, wing-mounted (246 rpg = 984 total)

The four cannons are arranged in bundles of two mounted in each wing. Each is armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire with each other until empty.

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Suspended armaments}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 10 x 100 kg №.1 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 10 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (1,250 kg total)
* 4 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 3 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 10 x HVAR rockets
* 10 x T10 140 rockets
* 10 x T10 151 rockets
* 114 x SNEB type 23 rockets

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Automatic pitch || Controllable || Not controllable || Combined || Controllable || Not controllable
|-
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| 100 GPs
| FRC mk.2
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| FSBC mk.5
| Matra T10 140
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| New 20 mm Cannons
| FMBC mk.1
| Matra T10 151
|-
| IV
| G-Suit
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
| FLBC mk.1
| Matra SNEB
|-
|}
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* AN/M3 20mm cannons have a lot of ammunition (246 rounds per gun, 984 rounds in total)
* 114x SNEB rockets are devastating in both ground and air battles

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5502-development-f4u-7-the-corsair-under-a-french-tricolore-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> F4U-7: The Corsair under a French Tricolore]

{{French fighters}}

Bostwick's P-47M-1-RE

2019-05-08T13:41:57Z

U69917707: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code = p-47m-1-re
|store = 4855
|cockpit=334581/1111233
}}
{{Notice|''This page is about the aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''. For other uses, see [[P-47_(Disambiguation)|P-47 (Disambiguation)]]''}}
== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_Bostwicks_P-47M-1-RE.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
'''Bostwick's P-47M-1-RE Thunderbolt''' is a gift Rank IV American fighter with a battle rating of 4.7 (AB) and 5.7 (RB/SB). It was introduced in [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"]]. The Republic P-47M was the fastest of the production model Thunderbolts. The plane is painted after the camouflage scheme of American pilot George E. Bostwick in the US Army Air Force in the 56th Fighter Group.

The P-47M is a high-altitude interceptor that has impressive armament and ordinance that serves it well in both the fighter and Close Air Support role. In Air RB, it is currently unequaled in performance at a 5.7 battle rating, possessing ridiculous top speed, competitive climb rate, decent energy retention, great armament, and surprising maneuverability at speed.

As such, the P-47M is best played to its strengths as a Boom & Zoom and Boom & Run fighter in Air RB. In Ground RB it is an excellent fighter bomber with a good rocket/bomb load-out and .50 cals that can deal with most turret roofs.

The M variant was specifically setup to intercept Germany's buzz-bombs and the new [[Me 262 A-1a|jet]]/[[Me 163 B|rocket]] powered fighters. The primary advantage of this new variant came through speed. The aircraft was powered by either a Pratt & Whitney R-2800-14W or R-2800-5 engine while using the CH-5 turbo-supercharger. The aircraft was able to produce 2,800 hp, giving it a higher top speed.

In War Thunder Air RB, the P-47M sits at a battle rating of 5.7 while having the performance qualities of super-props. Top speeds above 5 km exceed literally any opponent besides the Ta-152 H-1 (which is only capable of competing at around 9-10 km). Climb rate is great, at around an average of 23 m/s from 0-6000 m. WEP is available for up to 12 minutes to maximize engine output.

Interestingly (besides the better engine), the P-47M gets a unique airbrake which makes it very easy to stick behind the tails of opponents in a high-speed dive.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,144 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 720 || 702 || 12,200 || 25.6 || 26.2 || 8.3 || 10.8 || 500
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,144 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 801 || 760 || 12,200 || 22.8 || 24.0 || 27.6 || 15.9 || 500
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 910 || 450 || 520 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 380 || < 420 || < 450 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 9,320 m || 2,220 hp || 2,826 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 9.5 mm Steel - Seat back and head rest armor plate
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}

'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 8 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, wings-mounted (425 rpg = 3400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|HVAR}}

'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (500 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,500 lb total)


== Usage in the battles ==


===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| FMBC mk.1
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
| FRC mk.2
|-
| IV
| G-Suit
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
| FLBC mk.1
|-
|}

* All modules and improvements are unlocked from the start. The Tracer belts are the most popular for Air combat, while several other ammunition belts are optional for uses such as ground attacking.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Forgiving aircraft
* Eight deadly .50 cal M2 Brownings
* Good ground-attack ordinance selection
* Unrivaled high altitude performance
* Very good high speed maneuverability
* Good climb rate, on par with the Bf 109 G-2
* Almost unrivaled top speed
* Airbrakes.
* Radial engine is generally resistant to damage
* Access to premium bonuses in SL and RP

'''Cons:'''

* Payloads encourage a low-altitude attacker play style, playing into P-47M's disadvantages.
* Poor low Speed maneuverability
* Mediocre low altitude performance
* Large size and wing span makes it an easy target when enemy has lead
* Engine damage is very likely in head-ons

== History ==

===Ingame description===
Four P-47D-27 Aircraft were pulled form the production line at the Farmingdale factory and were fitted with the Pratt & Whitney R-2800-57(C) engine. They were also equipped with a larger CH-5 turbo-supercharger allowing the aircraft to reach 2,800 hp at 32,000 feet. Air brakes were also added underneath the wings to aid in deceleration and recovery during dives. These four prototypes were re-designated YP-47M.

The engine installations were eventually added to the last 130 P-47D-30s from Framingdale in Sept of 1944. They were all re-designated P-47M-1-RE. It is important to note that the under-wing racks were not fitted to this aircraft. It was intended to be strictly a fighter. They were delivered in Dec. of 1944. The dorsal fins were later added as a field modification.

The M-variant saw service with the 56th Fighter Group but problems with the new highly tuned R-2800 delayed their use until the last weeks of the war in Europe. At one point the aircraft was pulled from service and replaced with D variants until the aircraft performed reliably. The P-47M was never used against V-1 flying bombs, it's original target. 
The P-47M is most remembered for Major George Bostwick's engagements with the [[Me 262 A-1a|Me 262]]. Bostwick shot down a Me 262 on March 25 1945. He was able to damage a second one a few days later on April 7th.

His P-47M-1-RE had the nickname "Ugly Duckling" and a striking paint scheme.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==


* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/234553-republic-p-47m/ Official WT forum Aircraft Data Sheet section: "Republic P-47M"]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA fighters}}

Ju 288 C

2019-03-21T14:05:17Z

U69917707: /* Suspended armament */

{{Specs-Card|code=ju-288c}}

== Description ==


{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} premium German bomber {{Battle-rating|1}}. This aircraft was introduced in [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured. Describe the armour, if there is any, also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Suspended armament ===
''The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance''

*36 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (1,800 kg total)
*8 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (2,000 kg total)
*3 x 500 kg SC500K bombs (1,500 kg total)
*2 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bombs (2,000 kg total)
*2 x 1,800 kg SC1800B bombs (3,664 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

In 1939, the Junkers company began work on a new bomber that was supposed to replace the Ju 88 bombers in service at the time. The new aircraft had to surpass the predecessor across all parameters. The plan was to fit the upcoming model with new, more powerful engines, significantly boost the firepower of the defensive armament, and, of course, increase the payload. The first prototypes took to the skies when the Jumo 222A/B engines, which the aircraft were supposed to be equipped with, had not been installed yet. Instead, the BMW engines were used. Extensive work began on the experimental models of the new series, which received the designation Ju 288, with the aim of enhancing the bomber’s characteristics. This explains why the first eight prototypes were significantly different from one another.

In 1942 the Ministry of Aviation made a ruling to include a fourth member in the aircraft crew, which demanded changes to be made to the build of the cockpit. Vehicles of the second-generation prototype series with the letter “B” in their designation had their wingspan increased and their defensive armament changed. The Jumo 222A/B engines still required more work to be done and thus weren’t installed on the Ju 288Bs. The Ju 288Cs, the third-generation prototypes of the series, were fitted with the Daimler Benz DB 605 engines, requiring the nacelles to be changed. Furthermore, the wingspan of the aircraft was increased even more and the defensive armament received another modification – this time, a lower rear turret was added. The Ju 288C’s first test flights began in the spring of 1943. Junkers even prepared three versions of the new bomber build for serial production, each with a unique armament set. However, in June, the engineering department notified the aircraft manufacturer to discontinue work on the Ju 288 due to a lack of resources required to produce the new aircraft. Tests on the Ju 288 continued right up to 1944 – the aircraft even went on a number of combat flights. However, in the end the bomber was never approved for serial production.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5836-development-ju-288c-en Devblog]''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5836-development-ju-288c-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Ju 288C]

{{Germany bombers}}

Lorraine 40t

2019-02-26T11:54:49Z

U69917707: /* Description */ Removed duplicate text

{{Specs-Card|code=fr_lorraine_40t}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' (40 tons battle tank), also known as the '''{{specs|pseudonym}}''' (Lorraine is both a region of France and the company that made this tank), is a Rank {{specs|rank}} French medium tank {{Battle-rating|5}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]]. Introducing tremendous firepower at its BR with its 100 mm SA46 L/58 gun on a highly mobile chassis. Unfortunately, it is plagued with poor armour, which encourages a battle role more similar to that of a light tank.

The Lorraine is one of the best representative of rank IV French medium tanks: it has good mobility, an oscillating turret (fitted with an autoloader), sloped armour in front and back, high hull, high gun placement, good gun depression, 4 crew member, a coaxial MAC 31 machinegun and large tracks. Specifically, the Lorraine distinguishes itself by having a pike nose, similar to that of an [[IS-3]], road wheels instead of metal ones ''and'' it is the first French vehicle to be able to consistently pierce ''more than 200 mm of armour'' at standard combat ranges and it can do it seven times a minute.

Even if its armour pattern is very efficient, with strong and well-designed angles, it is only at most 40 mm thick, meaning it will only bounce HMG fire. The best way to protect this tank is staying away from the action and taking down its foes as far as possible.

This "medium" tank actually behaves as a light one: high top speed and acceleration, good turning rate (neutral steering) and awesome hill climbing capacity. Use its mobility to follow light tanks into large flanking manoeuvres, providing them an extra punch for scouted targets. In a more "static" usage (i.e. once in good position), its good reverse speed should get it fast enough into cover and out of bad situations if required.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Casemate hull)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Driver's hatch)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 40 mm (57-69°) ''Front glacis'' 35 mm (59°) ''Lower glacis'' 40 mm (69°) ''Driver's hatch'' || 30 mm (30°) ''Top'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' || 25 mm (31°) || 20 mm 8 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 45 mm (52-64°) ''Turret front'' 30 mm (20-53°) ''Turret base'' 50 mm (9-83°) ''Barrel shroud'' || 30 mm (0-56°) ''Turret'' 30 mm (0-28°) ''Turret base'' || 30 mm (1-29°) ''Turret bustle'' 30 mm (6-22°) ''Pivot ball'' 20 mm (72-89°) ''Turret underside'' || 20 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 30 mm || 20 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armour weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 39.7 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 66 (AB)
|-
|60 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|1,317
|_,___
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|752
|___
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|33.17
|__.__
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|18.94
|__.__
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|SA47 L/58 (100 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[SA47 L/58 (100 mm)|100 mm SA47 L/58]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 49 || -8°/+15° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 28.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 17.9 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 4.0 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| 100 mm Obus de rupture || APCBC || 295 || 293 || 279 || 263 || 248 || 233
|-
| 100 mm Obus explosif || HE || 22 || 22 || 21 || 20 || 20 || 20
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| 100 mm Obus de rupture || APCBC || 1,060 || 15 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| 100 mm Obus explosif || HE || 1,000 || 15 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 1,400 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks {{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the Lorraine 40t]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''49''' || 46 ''(+3)'' || 41 ''(+8)'' || 35 ''(+14)'' || 29 ''(+20)'' || 24 ''(+25)'' || 19 ''(+30)'' || 14 ''(+35)'' || 7 ''(+42)'' || 1 ''(+48)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,800 (150) || 1,350 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

Use it as a sniper tank. Don't engage close quarters combat: it will only result in a ~8000 SL pile of scrap. Even if spalling damage is very good, one-shots are a bit rare: in order to kill an enemy, immobilize it first, snipe the fire control group (gunner, gun breech, barrel,etc.) and then finish off the rest of the crew. In an average engagement you will need ~3-4 shots per enemy: the first shot misses, it is the ranging shot, the second hits (disables mobility) the third and fourth finish the job. If lucky, penetrating frontal shots can do enough spalling damage to kill the entire crew.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Very mobile
* Excellent penetration from the gun
* High top speed
* Fast reverse speed
* Sloped frontal armour, similar pattern to that of an IS-3
* Great conical fragmentation from the gun. Frontal penetrations/center of mass shots are deadly.
* Very fast turret rotation speed, almost as fast as some SPAA.
* Excellent flanker
* Powerful gun with fast reload rate
* 7 rounds autoloader allows engaging multiple threats before having to "long reload"
* Good gun depression angle
* Neutral steering

'''Cons:'''

* Thin frontal armour
* Lack of explosive filler in the round
* Conical fragmentation makes side shots less effective
* Side armour is flat and thin
* ''High'' repair costs (similar to that of MBTs)
* Filled with ammo
* Bad turret elevation angle
* Thin top armour, vulnerable to strafing planes and artillery

== History ==

Two prototypes of the Lorraine 40t were completed in 1952. But the tank never reached production.
== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

''ETC.''

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France medium tanks}}

SM.91

2019-01-30T19:14:14Z

U69917707: /* Offensive armament */

{{Specs-Card|code=sm_91}}

== Description ==
''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Maximum speed, maneuverability, speed and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured. Describe the armour, if there is any, also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===
The SM.91 has 6 of the powerful MG151's in the center of the aircraft with access to the Minengeschoss round. Use stealth or air target belts for best effectiveness.

=== Suspended armament ===
The SM.91 can carry up to 6 100kg bombs, which makes it useable in ground forces battles. Due to the rather small size of the bombs, you have to be extra accurate when dropping bombs.

=== Defensive armament ===
With its 20mm MG151 cannon in the back, the SM.91 can defend itself very well from any tailing aircraft. Use universal belts for the most effective defensive fire.

== Usage in the battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* 6x 20mm MG151 in the center of the aircraft
* 20mm MG151 turret in the back
* Surprisingly good turn rate

*

'''Cons:'''

* No armor protection
* Big target

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

''ETC.''

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

SM.91

2019-01-30T19:13:27Z

U69917707: Pros and cons, armaments.

{{Specs-Card|code=sm_91}}

== Description ==
''In the description, the first part needs to be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert screenshot of the vehicle. If the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle it is talking about.''

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Maximum speed, maneuverability, speed and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured. Describe the armour, if there is any, also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===
The SM.91 has 6 of the powerful MG151's in the center of the aircraft with the Minengeschoss round. Use stealth or air target belts for best effectivenes.

=== Suspended armament ===
The SM.91 can carry up to 6 100kg bombs, which makes it useable in ground forces battles. Due to the rather small size of the bombs, you have to be extra accurate when dropping bombs.

=== Defensive armament ===
With its 20mm MG151 cannon in the back, the SM.91 can defend itself very well from any tailing aircraft. Use universal belts for the most effective defensive fire.

== Usage in the battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* 6x 20mm MG151 in the center of the aircraft
* 20mm MG151 turret in the back
* Surprisingly good turn rate

*

'''Cons:'''

* No armor protection
* Big target

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

''ETC.''

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''