War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

F7F-1

2024-08-23T12:42:33Z

U65587690: Updated and improved the page.

{{About
| about = American twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the gift version
| link = F7F-3
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f7f1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_f7f1.jpg
}}

== Description ==

By around 1938, the U.S. Navy had started investigating the possibilities of a twin-engine carrier-borne fighter. Quickly thereafter the [[XF5F]] Skyrocket was designed. The compact aircraft was to include a 23 mm Madsen cannon, two .50 calibre machine guns, and two .30 calibre machine guns. The Skyrocket test results were not very satisfactory and in 1941 the U.S. Navy moved onto to a new aircraft. The XF7F-1 Tigercat prototype made its original flight on December 2, 1943. The F7F-1 aircraft went into production in April of 1944, but the Midway-class carriers had not yet been completed, so the first Tigercats were given to the U.S. Marine Corp. Only 35 of these aircraft were built until production switched to the two-seat night fighter variant. These were built in limited numbers as well.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]]. The Tigercat is a typical heavy fighter, having great firepower and survivability but low agility. For those reasons, it's crucial to be near teammates, as it will loose any dogfight with basically any single engine fighter. It performs best at medium to low altitudes. It's best performance advantage is speed - it's one of the fastest propeller-driven aircraft in the game. Despite this, and due to its high drag, the Tigercat will get caught in a dive by many fighters. The climb rate is mediocre to bad, helped only by it's air spawn. Ideally, it's players want to utilise hit-and-run playstyle, simmilarly to early-WWII american fighters like P-51D-5 or P-47D-25. Unlike those however, it can't just dive away from threat, making it significantly harder to play. And there are other player-unfriendly aspects of the aircraft: it overheats on automatic engine controls, even on 100% power, making manual controls basically a must - but that means player has to manually change supercharger gears. The WEP is time-limited, and is generally not worth using with 1st supercharger gear, so about untill 2.5km altitude. The F7F-1 is difficult to manage and likely contains several oversights in the game that have yet to be addressed. Overall, this plane is only recommended for experienced players.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,182 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 659 || 641 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.3 || 27.1 || 20.0 || 20.0 || rowspan="2" | 444
|-
! Upgraded
|724|| 688 ||23.8|| 25.0 ||31.7|| 25.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 455 || 425 || 277 || ~10 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 467 || < 450 || < 555 || > 317
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 850 m || 2,100 hp || 2,468 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,337 m || 1,600 hp || 1,880 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

With 9.5 mm of steel in the front and 12.7 mm steel in the back as well as bullet-proof glass, the pilot is fairly decently protected against small calibre fire and HE rounds, such as the minengeschoss. The wings and engines are basically unprotected and thus prone to taking damage easily; however being radial engines, they can take some damage. The plane can easily flight on one engine, and it has full propeller feathering. Should a wing get damaged, asymmetric thrust from the engines may help to control the aircraft.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M3 (20 mm)|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm M3 cannons, wing-mounted (200 rpg = 800 total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, chin-mounted (400 rpg = 1,600 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The main armament is extremely powerful. Equipped with 4 x 20 mm cannon and M2 Brownings in the nose, expect to knock planes out of the skies frequently. Unlike many other planes that have more spread out armament, the Tigercat packs a massive punch. If one cannon shell hits, the rest will as well. It is recommended that you research "New 20 mm Cannons" and "12.7 mm Ammo Belts", as the Cannon jam quite quickly and the stealth and ground target ammo for the 12.7 mm is far more effective than the default.

The Tigercat's devastating armament, coupled with high survivalability and air spawn, are perfect for hunting down troublesome German bombers like the Ju 288 C. Those also mean that players should not avoid headons with fighters, and often even seek them: if you don't kill them in headon, they will likely end on your tail, and in that case, there is nothing one can do except hope to outrun them.

Due to lackluster maneuverability, the Tigercat should not be in front of its teammates. Let them take on enemies, pick a distracted one, come in and kill it (shoudln't be hard with all the guns). Keep your speed up and head for next target - rinse and repeat. Don't be fooled by agility. It turns good and rolls great - for a heavy fighter. It's much worse than almost any single-engine fighter. Notable exception is Ta-152H, a common fighter at this tier, known for it's poor roll rate: you can evade its guns in a dive; but that's about it. The agility is enough to point your guns at enemies, not enough to win any dogfight.

The F7F-1 also has great late game potential due to its armament and lots of ammo. Taking out AI attackers is really fast and easy. And if you aim well, you can take down light pillboxes with short, controlled bursts. Lightly armoured vehicles normally only need 1 or 2 taps. Unlike its event vehicle variant which has vastly better ordnance options, the F7F-1 is average at best in this department. With the maximum load being 2 x 500 lb and 1 x 1,000 lb bomb, don't really expect to take down many hard targets before going back to rearm. The secondary weapons are not recommended for use, as they will reduce performance considerably- also, due to the high BR, jets will exist and will intercept you before you are halfway to your bombing target due to their speed.

Performance-wise, the Tigercat has a maximum speed of 668 km/h (415 mph) at an altitude of 5,190 m (17,028 ft), or 695 km/h (431 mph) at the same altitude with WEP. At sea level, the maximum speed is 619 km/h (384.6 mph), or 638 km/h (396.4 mph) with WEP. The Tigercat can climb to an altitude of 3,000 m (9,843 ft) in 155 seconds (135 seconds with WEP), giving it an average climb rate of 19.3 m (63.3 ft) per second (22.2 m or 72.8 ft per second with WEP). It can perform a full horizontal turn at 3,000 m in 24 seconds at a speed of 500 km/h (310.6 mph), as well as perform a full vertical turn at the same altitude and speed, which it completes in 27 seconds.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent armament
* 12.7 mm guns are mounted on the nose and the 20 mm AN/M3's are mounted very close to the fuselage, resulting in very little convergence
* Excellent energy retention
* Excellent ammunition capacity
* Very high speed in dive and at level flight
* Very good cockpit visibility
* Very fast at low to medium altitudes, especially with WEP
* Decent survivalability

'''Cons:'''

* Poor maneuverability
* Dive performance good, but not good enough
* Large target
* Locks up quickly
* Engines start to lose power above 5,000 m
* Engines overheat quickly, needs manual engine control to remedy
* WEP is time-limited

== History ==

By around 1938, the U.S. Navy started investigating into the possibilities of a twin-engine carrier-borne fighter. The contract to develop such a fighter was awarded to Grumman. Quickly thereafter the [[XF5F]] was designed. The compact aircraft was to include a 23 mm Madsen cannon, two .50 calibre machine guns, and two .30 calibre machine guns. The Skyrocket test results were not very satisfactory and in 1941 the U.S. Navy moved onto to a new aircraft. The new goal was to create a heavy fighter for its upcoming Midway-class aircraft carriers. This next design was to incorporate two R-2800 engines, four 20 mm cannons, four .50 calibre machine guns, and the ability to carry bombs, rockets, and torpedoes.

The XF7F-1 Tigercat prototype made its original flight on December 2, 1943. The F7F-1 aircraft went into production in April of 1944, but the Midway-class carriers had not yet been completed, so the first Tigercats were given to the U.S. Marine Corp. Only 35 of these aircraft were built until production switched to the two-seat night fighter variant. These were built in limited numbers as well.

The Tigercat came too late to see any action in World War II. Late-model Tigercats did eventually see action in Korea with the Marines. The aircraft was eventually retired from U.S. service in 1954.

=== [[wt:en/news/3033/current/|Vehicle Profile]] ===
In 1942, after an unsuccessful XF5F Skyrocket (and XP-50, its land-based modified variant) project, Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation began work on an improved aircraft using the same twin-engine concept as the Skyrocket, which they named the XP-65. It was only a year later, however, that this project was cancelled, and Grumman began work on an entirely new plane based on the XF5F concept. This plane was intended to be operated from new, large Midway-class carriers (the first vessel being the USS Midway, which was commissioned in 1945) and Grumman had two main goals in sight – the plane would have ground attack capabilities, and it would be able to outperform and outgun any other fighter of that time. The maiden flight of the prototype, titled XF7F-1, occurred in December 1943, and was rushed into production in 1944 under the name F7F-1 Tigercat, continuing the Grumman's tradition of giving planes "cat" names.

The Tigercat was designed for two things – speed and firepower. The first of these was achieved by the combination of its sleek hull and two massive 18-cylinder Pratt & Whitney R-2800-22W Double Wasp radial engines, producing 2100 horsepower each. With these power plants, the Tigercat was able to achieve a maximum speed of 700 km/h (435 mph) at an altitude of 6706 m (22 000 ft), and had climb rate of more than 1,372 m (4,500 ft) per minute. It was nearly 114 km/h (71 mph) faster than the F6F Hellcat, and Captain Fred M. Trapnell, one of the US Navy's best test pilots, was quoted saying: "It's the best damn fighter I've ever flown!" The Tigercat's firepower was no less impressing. The Tigercat was armed with four 20 mm M2 cannons in the wing roots, and four .50 cal M2 nose-mounted machine guns. Additionally, it could carry up to two 454 kg (1,000 lb) bombs on under wing racks, or one torpedo under the fuselage. It was also the first US Navy twin-engine fighter ever accepted into service, and the first US Navy fighter ever to use a tricycle landing gear configuration.

However, air tests and trials proved that the Tigercat was simply too overpowered for Midway-class carriers. Its landing speed was too high and it suffered instability in single-engine flight. The arrestor hook design was also proven to be unreliable. As a result of these multiple issues, the Tigercat was then assigned to be used as a land-based fighter in the US Marine Corps service. Deliveries started in April 1944, but problems with carrier operations clearance and changes in its operational requirements caused significant delays. As a result, the Tigercat was too late to participate in World War 2, and only 34 aircraft of initial F7F-1 versions were made. Tigercats eventually saw combat at last, but no sooner than during the initial stages of the Korean War, where F7Fs managed to shoot down two North Korean Polikarpov Po-2 biplanes. Subsequently, due to the development of jet fighters, Tigercats were phased out of service, with the last of them retiring in 1954.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f7f1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|t3xD7JpnHeI|'''Best aircraft for Boom & Zoom''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:38 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|d5k2T9FP0bQ|'''Avoid them in frontal attack!''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:06 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|PNkoJ-MFERc|'''Best naval fighters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/642/|[Devblog] F7F-1 Tigercat]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/325084-f7f-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wt:en/news/3033/current/|[Vehicle Profile] Grumman F7F-1 Tigercat [Decal included]]]

{{AirManufacturer Grumman}}
{{USA twin-engine fighters}}

MiG-21MF (Germany)

2021-01-24T14:21:04Z

U65587690: Finished the update of the page.

{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = MiG-21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mig-21_mf
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]]. It is a single-engine delta-wing supersonic interceptor with conventional tail and fully-moving elevators. As of patch 2.3 it is the only German plane able to carry air-to-air missiles better than AIM-9B/R-3, only plane with balistic computer and only plane above BR 10.0.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' has mediocre flight performance in every aspect among top tier jets. It will get outaccelerated by British Phantoms or MiG 21 bis, outturned by Draken or Mirage, and outspeeded by 2nd gen US Phantoms (F-4E/EJ), Starfighters or MiG 21 bis. The delta wing provides great AoA while turning but it also mean the plane looses huge amount of speed doing so. This means that staying behind enemy in 1v1 is fairly simple, but when there are multiple bandits one might loose all his speed and become an easy missile target if he turns too much.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 13,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,196 || 2,178 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.0 || 35.1 || 139.6 || 131.0 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,295 || 2,240 || 32.3 || 33.0 || 192.8 || 165.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 550 || 450 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 600 || < 850 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Tumansky R-13-300 || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,860 kg || colspan="2" | 355 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 29m fuel
|-
| 1,135 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 6,505 kg || 7,455 kg || 8,168 kg || 9,900 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 29m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,825 kgf || 6,483 kgf
| 1.00 || 0.87 || 0.79 || 0.65
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,825 kgf (0 kph) || 6,977 kgf (1,200 kph)
| 1.07 || 0.94 || 0.85 || 0.70
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The MiG-21MF lacks armor plating. It also has 1 engine unlike some other planes. This means that the survivability is very low, even among jets. Getting hit is something that should be avoided at all cost, because should the plane survive it, even small wing damage will force the pilot to return to base. The plane lacks radar warning receiver (RWR), which is a notable downside compared to the russian [[MiG-21SMT|MiG 21 SMT]].

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Your main priority is to get to the R-60s as soon as possible, this will require you to unlock two tier three modifications. Unless you particularly want to research the ground attack ordinance you will be wanting to unlock "Wings repair" and "New 23 mm cannons". Therefore if you want to reach the R-60s in the shortest time possible you should research "New 23 mm cannons" as your first modification. This will then unlock tier two modifications where you can research "R-3S" and your choice of "New boosters" or "Airframe"; it is up to you in which order you unlock these, it may be appealing to unlock missiles first to help with the grind but you should keep in mind that the R-3S missiles are nearly useless (they are slightly worse than the [[AIM-9B]] and can only be fired when pulling less than 2G, which means they cannot be fired in even a gentle turn or climb). Once tier three modifications are amiable unlock "Wings repair" and "New 23 mm cannons" in whichever order you want, then go for the R-60s. Once the R-60s are unlocked you can unlock the remaining modifications in whatever order you see fit, however it is reccomened to go for G-suit and engine upgrades first.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|GSh-23L (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon, belly-mounted (200 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|OFAB-250sv (250 kg)|R-3S|R-60|S-5K|S-24}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 64 x S-5K rockets
* 96 x S-5K rockets
* 4 x S-24 rockets
* 4 x R-3S missiles
* 4 x R-60 missiles
* 64 x S-5K rockets + 2 x R-3S missiles
* 64 x S-5K rockets + 2 x R-60 missiles
* 2 x S-24 rockets + 2 x R-3S missiles
* 2 x S-24 rockets + 2 x R-60 missiles
* 4 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs + 2 x R-3S missiles (500 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs + 2 x R-60 missiles (500 kg total)

=== Ballistic computer ===
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' has access to ballistic computer for guns and rockets.

== Usage in battles ==


While the '''{{Specs|name}}''' itself is a pretty mediocre fighter, it has access to 4 deadly R-60 missiles. These missiles work the best when enemy is slow, so the reccomended tactic is to wait a bit before engaging into the battle.

Due to the immense speed bleed in turns, it is strongly reccomened to keep the speed high near enemies, unless one really wants to closely meet AIM-9J. Dropping below 800 km/h makes it really hard to dodge this missile. When an enemy is spotted, it is reccomened to turn roughly into his direction, so when he wants to engage, he'll have to make a 180° turn, which will give time for MiG pilot to disengage without risking getting missiled.

Engaging in 1v1 situation can sometimes be done, but unless a faster opponent forces it (which happens rarely, as faster opponents turn worse than the MiG) it is only reccomended if there are no other enemies nearby. However, do never turnfight with Draken or Mirage. A good tactic for defensove dogfights is trying to make enemy overshoot, especially against Phantoms. Keep in mind however that you can outrun F-4C.

Final thing to note is that because the plane has no RWR nor radar-guided missiles, it is strongly reccomened to stick close to the ground. This will make it unable for enemies to track you on their radar and send a radar-guided missile. This strategy comes with a risk of having to deal with enemies that are higher than you, but without RWR the pilot won't even know if there is a missile coming towards him.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to 4 R-60 missiles with great tracking and G-tolerance
* High AoA
* Good ground attack loadouts
* Light and agile
* A small profile which is harder to hit
* Decent fuel load allows for reheating for the whole match

'''Cons:'''

* Jack of all trades, but a master of none
* One of the worst cannons at its BR
* Terrible energy retention
* No RWR

===Specific enemies worth noting===

* MiG 21 bis and MiG 21 SMT, if you play against Russia, they are faster and have better acceleration (bis in particular) but are slighlty heavier and less agile
* Mirage IIIC, has very simmilar acceleration and top speed, but will outturn MiG 21 MF and has great Mantra Magic missiles.
* F-4E/F-4EJ. They are armed with great missiles, fighting them at altitude is not reccomened. One the deck they are faster and have better energy retention.

== History ==

The MiG-21MF (Germany) is a second-generation variant of the popular MiG-21 'Fishbed'. Operated by the East German Air Force (''Luftstreitkräfte der Nationalen Volksarmee''; '''LSK''') between 1972 and 1990, the aircraft was an export variant of the MiG-21SM, and is highly similar to its counterpart, the [[MiG-21SMT]]. Designated the 'Fishbed-J', the aircraft formed the bulk of the LSK in the late stages of the Cold War. All German MiG-21 aircraft were retired following the German Reunification, though some survive as museum aircraft to this day.<ref name=":0">Aviata. (2020)</ref><ref name=":1">Museum, D. (2020)</ref>

=== Design and procurement ===
The East German Air Force received many MiG-21 variants due to their ties with the Soviet Bloc. 76 MiG-21F-13 aircraft had been delivered to the East German Air Force in the early 1960s, and they later received 50 MiG-21PF 'Fishbed-D' planes, which were known as the MiG-21PFM in East German service.<ref name=":0" /> This generated considerable confusion as the German MiG-21PFs had inadvertently been given the same name as the later, Soviet-made, MiG-21PFM 'Fishbed-F'.<ref name=":0" /> However, in the early 1970s, the LSK received its first 3rd-generation MiG-21s, the MiG-21MF. This aircraft was essentially an export variant of the Soviet MiG-21SM. 50 MiG-21MFs were delivered to the LSK between 1972 and 1974.<ref name=":0" />

The MiG-21MF differs from the standard MiG-21SM by having a less powerful engine and simplified radar system, meaning that it accelerates slightly slower than its Soviet counterpart. It could reach a maximum speed of 2,230 km/h, and was flown by a single pilot.<ref name=":1" /> As an interceptor, it carried a 23 mm dual-barreled cannon with 200 rounds in a ventral pack, and was also capable of fitting a variety of munitions including bombs, rockets and missiles.<ref name=":0" />

=== Service history ===
The MiG-21MF enjoyed a fairly uneventful service history with the LSK. The aircraft served with ''Jagdgeschwader'' (JG, fighter group) 8 and JG 9. It complemented the earlier MiG-21PFM and MiG-21F-13 aircraft in German service. Later on, it was complemented by the MiG-21bis, the final MiG-21 variant to serve with the German Air Force. At the time of the German reunification, many MiG-21s remained in German service.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> As the new combined ''Luftwaffe'' had no plans to continue using the Soviet-era interceptor, all MiG-21 aircraft were retired in late 1990 following the German reunification. Many of those aircraft were reserved as museum pieces, and several survive to this day in museums across the globe.<ref name=":1" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=mig-21_mf Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images

[[File:MiG-21MF.jpg|thumb|none|300px|]]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|vhTZXYk6eao|'''Tank busters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:19 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_f13}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_smt}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_bis}}

== External links ==


=== References ===
<references />
=== Works Cited ===

* Aviata. (2020). German MiG-21. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from <nowiki>https://aviatia.net/german-mig-21/</nowiki>
* Museum, D. (2020). Mikojan-Gurewitsch MiG-21 MF. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from <nowiki>https://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/flugwerft/collections/jet-aircraft/mig-21/</nowiki>

{{AirManufacturer MiG}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

MiG-21MF (Germany)

2021-01-24T12:33:51Z

U65587690: Fixed last change editing bug.

{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = MiG-21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mig-21_mf
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]]. It is a single-engine delta-wing supersonic interceptor with conventional tail and fully-moving elevators. As of patch 2.3 it is the only German plane able to carry air-to-air missiles better than AIM-9B/R-3, only plane with balistic computer and only plane above BR 10.0.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' has mediocre flight performance in every aspect among top tier jets. It will get outaccelerated by British Phantoms or MiG 21 bis, outturned by Draken or Mirage, and outspeeded by 2nd gen US Phantoms (F-4E/EJ) or MiG 21 bis. The delta wing provides great AoA while turning but it also mean the plane looses huge amount of speed doing so. This means that staying behind enemy in 1v1 is fairly simple, but when there are multiple bandits one might loose all his speed and become an easy missile target if he turns too much.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 13,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,196 || 2,178 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.0 || 35.1 || 139.6 || 131.0 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,295 || 2,240 || 32.3 || 33.0 || 192.8 || 165.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 550 || 450 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 600 || < 850 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Tumansky R-13-300 || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,860 kg || colspan="2" | 355 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 29m fuel
|-
| 1,135 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 6,505 kg || 7,455 kg || 8,168 kg || 9,900 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 29m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,825 kgf || 6,483 kgf
| 1.00 || 0.87 || 0.79 || 0.65
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,825 kgf (0 kph) || 6,977 kgf (1,200 kph)
| 1.07 || 0.94 || 0.85 || 0.70
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The MiG-21MF lacks armor plating. It also has 1 engine unlike some other planes. This means that the survivability is very low, even among jets. Getting hit is something that should be avoided at all cost, because should the plane survive it, even small wing damage will force the pilot to return to base.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Your main priority is to get to the R-60s as soon as possible, this will require you to unlock two tier three modifications. Unless you particularly want to research the ground attack ordinance you will be wanting to unlock "Wings repair" and "New 23 mm cannons". Therefore if you want to reach the R-60s in the shortest time possible you should research "New 23 mm cannons" as your first modification. This will then unlock tier two modifications where you can research "R-3S" and your choice of "New boosters" or "Airframe"; it is up to you in which order you unlock these, it may be appealing to unlock missiles first to help with the grind but you should keep in mind that the R-3S missiles are nearly useless (they are slightly worse than the [[AIM-9B]] and can only be fired when pulling less than 2G, which means they cannot be fired in even a gentle turn or climb). Once tier three modifications are amiable unlock "Wings repair" and "New 23 mm cannons" in whichever order you want, then go for the R-60s. Once the R-60s are unlocked you can unlock the remaining modifications in whatever order you see fit, however it is reccomened to go for G-suit and engine upgrades first.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|GSh-23L (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon, belly-mounted (200 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|OFAB-250sv (250 kg)|R-3S|R-60|S-5K|S-24}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 64 x S-5K rockets
* 96 x S-5K rockets
* 4 x S-24 rockets
* 4 x R-3S missiles
* 4 x R-60 missiles
* 64 x S-5K rockets + 2 x R-3S missiles
* 64 x S-5K rockets + 2 x R-60 missiles
* 2 x S-24 rockets + 2 x R-3S missiles
* 2 x S-24 rockets + 2 x R-60 missiles
* 4 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs + 2 x R-3S missiles (500 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs + 2 x R-60 missiles (500 kg total)

=== Ballistic computer ===
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' has access to ballistic computer for guns and rockets.

== Usage in battles ==


Combining an ability to pull high angle-of-attack turns on demand, excellent acceleration, high top speed, and powerful dog-fighting weaponry, the MiG-21MF is a potent air superiority fighter. Good manoeuvrability allows the pilot to easily establish a tailing flight path on most enemies, and from there, it is very hard for the enemy to shake the MiG-21MF off of their tail. The MiG, for its part, can then utilize its powerful R-60 missiles or 23 mm cannons to destroy the enemy with ease.

Note that when using the Mig-21MF's air-to-air missiles, it is best to fire them at around 1-2 km of range. Any less than that, and the missile might not have enough time to manoeuvre and successfully track the enemy. At ranges above 2 km, the missile may not be able to catch a fast-moving target. As for the 23 mm offensive cannons, be careful to practice trigger discipline. A high rate of fire and a low ammo count means that it is only possible to fire the cannons for a few seconds before they need to be reloaded at the airfield.

As a dogfighter, the MiG-21MF excels due to its powerful weaponry, great acceleration, and a good turn rate. It can easily turn with [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4 Phantoms]], although the [[J35D]] and [[Mirage IIIC]] both turn better. Against these two planes, it is best to avoid extended turn fights. Instead, gradually bleed their speed - they both have poor manoeuvring energy retention. At high altitudes, this plane is not as responsive, due to its high wing load and the low air pressure. This makes it much harder to dodge incoming missiles, so it is especially important to keep a high speed when at high altitude.

The MiG-21MF can also easily engage ground targets. Its cannons can destroy lightly armoured vehicles, and its 4 x S-24 rockets are extremely capable at dealing with even the most advanced MBTs. What's more, this plane has access to a ballistic computer which calculates the impact point of cannon shells, rockets, and bombs, making aiming against ground targets a breeze.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* R-60 missiles have very good tracking and G-tolerance
* More agile than many high-tier jets
* Cannons with a high rate of fire
* Good ground attack loadouts
* A small profile which is harder to hit

'''Cons:'''

* Low ammunition count
* Poor energy retention in extended turning engagements
* Flaps rip easily
* Poor manoeuvrability at low speeds

== History ==

The MiG-21MF (Germany) is a second-generation variant of the popular MiG-21 'Fishbed'. Operated by the East German Air Force (''Luftstreitkräfte der Nationalen Volksarmee''; '''LSK''') between 1972 and 1990, the aircraft was an export variant of the MiG-21SM, and is highly similar to its counterpart, the [[MiG-21SMT]]. Designated the 'Fishbed-J', the aircraft formed the bulk of the LSK in the late stages of the Cold War. All German MiG-21 aircraft were retired following the German Reunification, though some survive as museum aircraft to this day.<ref name=":0">Aviata. (2020)</ref><ref name=":1">Museum, D. (2020)</ref>

=== Design and procurement ===
The East German Air Force received many MiG-21 variants due to their ties with the Soviet Bloc. 76 MiG-21F-13 aircraft had been delivered to the East German Air Force in the early 1960s, and they later received 50 MiG-21PF 'Fishbed-D' planes, which were known as the MiG-21PFM in East German service.<ref name=":0" /> This generated considerable confusion as the German MiG-21PFs had inadvertently been given the same name as the later, Soviet-made, MiG-21PFM 'Fishbed-F'.<ref name=":0" /> However, in the early 1970s, the LSK received its first 3rd-generation MiG-21s, the MiG-21MF. This aircraft was essentially an export variant of the Soviet MiG-21SM. 50 MiG-21MFs were delivered to the LSK between 1972 and 1974.<ref name=":0" />

The MiG-21MF differs from the standard MiG-21SM by having a less powerful engine and simplified radar system, meaning that it accelerates slightly slower than its Soviet counterpart. It could reach a maximum speed of 2,230 km/h, and was flown by a single pilot.<ref name=":1" /> As an interceptor, it carried a 23 mm dual-barreled cannon with 200 rounds in a ventral pack, and was also capable of fitting a variety of munitions including bombs, rockets and missiles.<ref name=":0" />

=== Service history ===
The MiG-21MF enjoyed a fairly uneventful service history with the LSK. The aircraft served with ''Jagdgeschwader'' (JG, fighter group) 8 and JG 9. It complemented the earlier MiG-21PFM and MiG-21F-13 aircraft in German service. Later on, it was complemented by the MiG-21bis, the final MiG-21 variant to serve with the German Air Force. At the time of the German reunification, many MiG-21s remained in German service.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> As the new combined ''Luftwaffe'' had no plans to continue using the Soviet-era interceptor, all MiG-21 aircraft were retired in late 1990 following the German reunification. Many of those aircraft were reserved as museum pieces, and several survive to this day in museums across the globe.<ref name=":1" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=mig-21_mf Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images

[[File:MiG-21MF.jpg|thumb|none|300px|]]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|vhTZXYk6eao|'''Tank busters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:19 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_f13}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_smt}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_bis}}

== External links ==


=== References ===
<references />
=== Works Cited ===

* Aviata. (2020). German MiG-21. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from <nowiki>https://aviatia.net/german-mig-21/</nowiki>
* Museum, D. (2020). Mikojan-Gurewitsch MiG-21 MF. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from <nowiki>https://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/flugwerft/collections/jet-aircraft/mig-21/</nowiki>

{{AirManufacturer MiG}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

MiG-21MF (Germany)

2021-01-24T12:32:08Z

U65587690: Rewrote article as it was obsolete.

{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = MiG-21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mig-21_mf
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]]. It is a single-engine delta-wing supersonic interceptor with conventional tail and fully-moving elevators. As of patch 2.3 it is the only German plane able to carry air-to-air missiles better than AIM-9B/R-3, only plane with balistic computer and only plane above BR 10.0.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' has mediocre flight performance in every aspect among top tier jets. It will get outaccelerated by British Phantoms or MiG 21 bis, outturned by Draken or Mirage, and outspeeded by 2nd gen US Phantoms (F-4E/EJ) or MiG 21 bis. The delta wing provides great AoA while turning but it also mean the plane looses huge amount of speed doing so. This means that staying behind enemy in 1v1 is fairly simple, but when there are multiple bandits one might loose all his speed and become an easy missile target if he turns too much.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 13,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,196 || 2,178 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.0 || 35.1 || 139.6 || 131.0 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,295 || 2,240 || 32.3 || 33.0 || 192.8 || 165.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 550 || 450 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 600 || < 850 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Tumansky R-13-300 || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,860 kg || colspan="2" | 355 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 29m fuel
|-
| 1,135 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 6,505 kg || 7,455 kg || 8,168 kg || 9,900 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 29m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,825 kgf || 6,483 kgf
| 1.00 || 0.87 || 0.79 || 0.65
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,825 kgf (0 kph) || 6,977 kgf (1,200 kph)
| 1.07 || 0.94 || 0.85 || 0.70
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The MiG-21MF lacks armor plating. It also has 1 engine unlike some other planes. This means that the survivability is very low, even among jets. Getting hit is something that should be avoided at all cost, because should the plane survive it, even small wing damage will force the pilot to return to base.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Your main priority is to get to the R-60s as soon as possible, this will require you to unlock two tier three modifications. Unless you particularly want to research the ground attack ordinance you will be wanting to unlock "Wings repair" and "New 23 mm cannons". Therefore if you want to reach the R-60s in the shortest time possible you should research "New 23 mm cannons" as your first modification. This will then unlock tier two modifications where you can research "R-3S" and your choice of "New boosters" or "Airframe"; it is up to you in which order you unlock these, it may be appealing to unlock missiles first to help with the grind but you should keep in mind that the R-3S missiles are nearly useless (they are slightly worse than the [[AIM-9B]] and can only be fired when pulling less than 2G, which means they cannot be fired in even a gentle turn or climb). Once tier three modifications are amiable unlock "Wings repair" and "New 23 mm cannons" in whichever order you want, then go for the R-60s. Once the R-60s are unlocked you can unlock the remaining modifications in whatever order you see fit, however it is reccomened to go for G-suit and engine upgrades first.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|GSh-23L (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon, belly-mounted (200 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|OFAB-250sv (250 kg)|R-3S|R-60|S-5K|S-24}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 64 x S-5K rockets
* 96 x S-5K rockets
* 4 x S-24 rockets
* 4 x R-3S missiles
* 4 x R-60 missiles
* 64 x S-5K rockets + 2 x R-3S missiles
* 64 x S-5K rockets + 2 x R-60 missiles
* 2 x S-24 rockets + 2 x R-3S missiles
* 2 x S-24 rockets + 2 x R-60 missiles
* 4 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs + 2 x R-3S missiles (500 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs + 2 x R-60 missiles (500 kg total)

=== Ballistic computer ===
The MiG 21 MF has access to ballistic computer for guns and rockets.

== Usage in battles ==


Combining an ability to pull high angle-of-attack turns on demand, excellent acceleration, high top speed, and powerful dog-fighting weaponry, the MiG-21MF is a potent air superiority fighter. Good manoeuvrability allows the pilot to easily establish a tailing flight path on most enemies, and from there, it is very hard for the enemy to shake the MiG-21MF off of their tail. The MiG, for its part, can then utilize its powerful R-60 missiles or 23 mm cannons to destroy the enemy with ease.

Note that when using the Mig-21MF's air-to-air missiles, it is best to fire them at around 1-2 km of range. Any less than that, and the missile might not have enough time to manoeuvre and successfully track the enemy. At ranges above 2 km, the missile may not be able to catch a fast-moving target. As for the 23 mm offensive cannons, be careful to practice trigger discipline. A high rate of fire and a low ammo count means that it is only possible to fire the cannons for a few seconds before they need to be reloaded at the airfield.

As a dogfighter, the MiG-21MF excels due to its powerful weaponry, great acceleration, and a good turn rate. It can easily turn with [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4 Phantoms]], although the [[J35D]] and [[Mirage IIIC]] both turn better. Against these two planes, it is best to avoid extended turn fights. Instead, gradually bleed their speed - they both have poor manoeuvring energy retention. At high altitudes, this plane is not as responsive, due to its high wing load and the low air pressure. This makes it much harder to dodge incoming missiles, so it is especially important to keep a high speed when at high altitude.

The MiG-21MF can also easily engage ground targets. Its cannons can destroy lightly armoured vehicles, and its 4 x S-24 rockets are extremely capable at dealing with even the most advanced MBTs. What's more, this plane has access to a ballistic computer which calculates the impact point of cannon shells, rockets, and bombs, making aiming against ground targets a breeze.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* R-60 missiles have very good tracking and G-tolerance
* More agile than many high-tier jets
* Cannons with a high rate of fire
* Good ground attack loadouts
* A small profile which is harder to hit

'''Cons:'''

* Low ammunition count
* Poor energy retention in extended turning engagements
* Flaps rip easily
* Poor manoeuvrability at low speeds

== History ==

The MiG-21MF (Germany) is a second-generation variant of the popular MiG-21 'Fishbed'. Operated by the East German Air Force (''Luftstreitkräfte der Nationalen Volksarmee''; '''LSK''') between 1972 and 1990, the aircraft was an export variant of the MiG-21SM, and is highly similar to its counterpart, the [[MiG-21SMT]]. Designated the 'Fishbed-J', the aircraft formed the bulk of the LSK in the late stages of the Cold War. All German MiG-21 aircraft were retired following the German Reunification, though some survive as museum aircraft to this day.<ref name=":0">Aviata. (2020)</ref><ref name=":1">Museum, D. (2020)</ref>

=== Design and procurement ===
The East German Air Force received many MiG-21 variants due to their ties with the Soviet Bloc. 76 MiG-21F-13 aircraft had been delivered to the East German Air Force in the early 1960s, and they later received 50 MiG-21PF 'Fishbed-D' planes, which were known as the MiG-21PFM in East German service.<ref name=":0" /> This generated considerable confusion as the German MiG-21PFs had inadvertently been given the same name as the later, Soviet-made, MiG-21PFM 'Fishbed-F'.<ref name=":0" /> However, in the early 1970s, the LSK received its first 3rd-generation MiG-21s, the MiG-21MF. This aircraft was essentially an export variant of the Soviet MiG-21SM. 50 MiG-21MFs were delivered to the LSK between 1972 and 1974.<ref name=":0" />

The MiG-21MF differs from the standard MiG-21SM by having a less powerful engine and simplified radar system, meaning that it accelerates slightly slower than its Soviet counterpart. It could reach a maximum speed of 2,230 km/h, and was flown by a single pilot.<ref name=":1" /> As an interceptor, it carried a 23 mm dual-barreled cannon with 200 rounds in a ventral pack, and was also capable of fitting a variety of munitions including bombs, rockets and missiles.<ref name=":0" />

=== Service history ===
The MiG-21MF enjoyed a fairly uneventful service history with the LSK. The aircraft served with ''Jagdgeschwader'' (JG, fighter group) 8 and JG 9. It complemented the earlier MiG-21PFM and MiG-21F-13 aircraft in German service. Later on, it was complemented by the MiG-21bis, the final MiG-21 variant to serve with the German Air Force. At the time of the German reunification, many MiG-21s remained in German service.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> As the new combined ''Luftwaffe'' had no plans to continue using the Soviet-era interceptor, all MiG-21 aircraft were retired in late 1990 following the German reunification. Many of those aircraft were reserved as museum pieces, and several survive to this day in museums across the globe.<ref name=":1" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=mig-21_mf Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images

[[File:MiG-21MF.jpg|thumb|none|300px|]]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|vhTZXYk6eao|'''Tank busters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:19 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_f13}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_smt}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_bis}}

== External links ==


=== References ===
<references />
=== Works Cited ===

* Aviata. (2020). German MiG-21. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from <nowiki>https://aviatia.net/german-mig-21/</nowiki>
* Museum, D. (2020). Mikojan-Gurewitsch MiG-21 MF. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from <nowiki>https://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/flugwerft/collections/jet-aircraft/mig-21/</nowiki>

{{AirManufacturer MiG}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

Ta 152 H-1

2020-03-21T20:55:40Z

U65587690: /* Details */ Corrected supercharger altitudes and power values

{{Specs-Card|code=ta-152h-1}}
{{About
| about = German fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Ta 152 C-3
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This fighter has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


The Ta-152H-1 is really fast, maneuverable and stable at +350 km/h. It is faster than most enemies at its BR, has a decent rate of climb, great turn time, and roll rate. You will easily climb faster than most competitors.

If you're going to play as an interceptor, just climb high and dive on bombers. In dogfights, do not neglect your combat flaps. .

[[File:Cockpit Ta152.jpg|x150px|right|thumb|none|Cockpit of the Ta 152]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 725 || 707 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.1 || 21.3 || 14 || 14 || 315
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 788 || 755 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.3 || 20.5 || 22.2 || 17.5 || 315
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 900 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 380 || < 220 || < 550 || > 290
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
|2,000 m||1,740 hp||2,063 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
|6,200 m||1,556 hp||1,842 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 3
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
|9,100 m||1,299 hp||1,535 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 4
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
|12,200 m||999 hp||1,376 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 5 mm steel - under the cockpit
* 5 mm steel + 8 mm steel - behind the pilot
* 20 mm steel - pilot's headrest
* 70 mm bulletproof glass - armoured windscreen
* 15 mm steel - engine cowling

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)|MG 151/20 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 30 mm MK 108 cannon, nose-mounted (90 rpg)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons, wing-mounted (175 rpg = 350 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Ta-152 H-1 is a designated high altitude fighter with a great wing area and good manoeuvrability, unlike its heavier brethren the [[Ta 152 C-3]]. Fly high, preferably at >10 km (32000 ft) since the engine is more effective at those altitudes.

There is a noticeable change above 3,800 m where the engine starts providing more power however it is generally not sufficient to make the plane superior to the aircraft it generally fights, so do not rely on it. Most players use this aircraft as a "Boom & Zoom" although it is possible to dogfight with aircraft that have at least one disadvantage (e.g. P-51 - lower roll rate at low speeds and climb rate above 4,000 m relative to the Ta 152) so tactics vary.

Not advisable to tackle more than one enemy at once.

Do not dogfight [[Fw 190 D-9 (USSR)|Russian FW 190 D]] premium, or the [[F8F (Family)|Bearcat]] as there is practically nothing you can do.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Combined || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 4 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 20 mm
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| Offensive 30 mm
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 20 mm cannons
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
| New 30 mm cannons
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 30 mm cannon usually obliterates enemies upon impact
* Stable in all axis (joystick)
* Unstable when ~400 km/h and turn(mouse aim)
* Can out-climb the P-51 D at high altitude
* Good performance above 7,000 m
* Combat flaps rip off at 900 km/h, which means you can use them in any speed
* Above average turner for Germany, combat flaps increase turn so much that you can keep up even with some Spitfires
* Excellent manoeuvring energy retention (MER), especially with flaps it will easily win a prolonged dogfight

'''Cons:'''

* 30 mm cannon is low-velocity, making it hard to hit
* Has a tendency to snap roll viciously
* Average roll rate, which is made significantly worse by pitching up/down
* Somewhat slow on low to medium altitude
* Poor parasite drag to thrust ratio, meaning a lot of energy is lost in diving attacks
* Very high repair cost for Realistic battles

== History ==


Throughout much of World War II in Europe, the German Luftwaffe was only concerned with their aircraft flying in the mid to low altitudes (20,000 ft/6,100 m and below), therefore a majority of their fighter fleet only utilized a single-stage supercharger which was sufficient for their role. However, with the introduction of the [[B-29A-BN|B-29]], the threat of this type of bomber would have been out of reach for most of the German air fleet.<ref name="Militaryfactory" /> To counter high-altitude allied fighters and bombers, the Fw 190D-9 was modified with a two-stage supercharged Junkers Jumo 213E engine which allowed it to achieve the higher altitudes, however, the shorter stubby wings well know for low altitude manoeuvrability actually hindered performance at altitude, though usable, not really a suitable fix.<ref name="Historyofwar" />

Answering the call of the German Air Ministry (RLM – Reichsluftfahrtministerium), Focke-Wulf modified their Fw 190 design and branched out in three directions. The three prototypes, in turn, had one to become the new existing Fw 190D (Ta 152A) series (after the D-9), the second prototype would become a dedicated high-altitude bomber (Ta 152B) while the third would become a ground-attack aircraft (Ta 152H).<ref name="Historyofwar" /> Though adjustments and modifications were made including usage of a different engine, the ultimate results determined these aircraft did not provide enough improvement to continue moving forward and both the Ta 152A and B projects were cancelled. One bright spot from this was that the airframe built for the Ta 152B (the V21 airframe) showed promise and efforts were focused here to create the Ta 152C prototype.

In 1944 the RLM made a ruling that new fighter aircraft were to include the chief designer's name in the aircraft’s designation. What was earlier knows as a Focke-Wulf aircraft was now listed with the prefix Ta which was short for ''Kurt Tank'', though Tank was still working for Focke-Wulf at the time.

Adjustments to the Fw 190D-9 fuselage resulted in its extension and addition of hydraulics to control the flaps and landing gear. These adjustments threw off the normal centre of gravity and made the aircraft off balance, resulting in the lengthening of the nose of the aircraft to normalize the CoG. The length of the wings was slightly lengthened and due to shortages in aluminium, steel spars were utilised aiding to the strength of the wings, but also at a price of extra weight.<ref name="Historyofwar" />

;Ta 152C variant

The Ta 152C-3 ended up with wings .5 m (1.25 ft) longer than the standard Fw 190D-9 to aid in supporting the new steel spars and hydraulic hardware in the landing gear and flaps. The 'C' variant did not incorporate a pressurized cockpit. While designed to work at lower altitudes (though above 25,000 ft or 6,100 m), the fighter was outfitted with a single 30 mm MK 108 Motorkanone which was mounted through the center propeller hub with four MG 151/20 mm cannons, two of which were mounted in the upper fuselage and two more with one in each wing.<ref name="Militaryfactory" /> This cannon setup is enough to devastate any aircraft which is on the receiving end of the 20 and 30 mm rounds. The Ta 152C-3 entered the war too late and in too little numbers to make an effective difference. Shortages in replacement parts became extremely difficult if not impossible to find reducing the ability of the Ta 152C-3 to be used to the fullest of its abilities.<ref name="Historyofwar" />

;Ta 152H variant

The Ta 152H-1 was refined to be more of a high-altitude fighter even so over the Ta 152C. Wings were extended a full length of 14.4 m (47.4 ft), though this lowered its overall speed, it provided substantial improvement with high-altitude handling. To aid the pilots in the higher altitude flights, the H variant was outfitted with a pressurized cockpit. The cockpit was pressurized to approximately a level comparable with 8,000 m (26,250 ft) and the canopy was comprised of two layers of which the outer was a thicker material with a thinner inner pane. To compensate for any moisture which could form between the panes, silica gel was added to aid in stemming any fogging. Unlike the ‘C’ variant, the ‘H’ only utilised a single 30 mm MK 108 Motorkanone firing through the propeller hub along with just two MG 151/20 mm autocannons, both of which were mounted in the upper fuselage. Eliminating the two wing-mounted cannons aided in increased manoeuvrability and less weight to make up for some of the additional weight added due to the pressurized cockpit system.

Overall the Ta 152H variant was one of the fastest piston-engine fighters to emerge during World War II, cruising around 750 kph (465 mph) while at around 10,200 m (33,000 ft). The Ta 152H also employed the usage of GM-1 nitrous oxide boost and MW 50 methanol-water boost to briefly increase performance in the aircraft and if necessary, both could be applied at the same time.<ref name="Militaryfactory" />

=== In-game description ===
"The Ta 152 was, without a doubt, the best aircraft designed by Kurt Tank for Focke-Wulf. The aircraft was a further redesign of the venerable Fw 190, namely of the Fw 190 D. The Ta 152 became possible thanks to the new high-altitude Jumo 213 and DB 603 engines.

Development began in the winter of 1942-1943, when RLM's technical department released specifications for a new 'Spezial Jaeger', or Special Fighter. The fighter was to be capable of a high-altitude interceptor role. The Ta 152 H-1 was armed with a MK 108 cannon with 85 rounds firing through the propeller hub and two MG 151/20 cannons (220 rounds per gun) in the wings. The H-1 went into serial production in January or February of 1945. A total of only 70 or so were produced, of which very few made it to front-line service."

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|nXeC3YM2Ds0|'''Ta 152 H-1 (FM Changes Revisit 1.79!)''' - ''Jengar''|yyB_--akcGI|'''TA IS LIFE - Ta 152 H1''' - ''Slick Plays''|LCVpwcd7H9s|'''Ta 152 H1 - Strategy and Tactics - Guide''' - ''Green Fury''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* Focke-Wulf [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Lavochkin [[La-9]]
* Nakajima [[Ki-87]]
* Martin-Baker [[MB.5]]
* North American [[P-51 (Family)|P-51]]
* Republic [[P-47 (Family)|P-47]]
* Macchi [[C.205N2|C.205]]

== External links ==


* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Ta_152 [Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Focke-Wulf Ta 152]
* [https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/focke-wulf-ta-152-h-0r11 [Smithsonian<nowiki>]</nowiki> Focke-Wulf Ta 152 H-0/R11]

== References ==

<references>
<ref name="Historyofwar">Focke-Wulf Ta 152C. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_focke-wulf_Ta_152C.html.</ref>
<ref name="Militaryfactory">Jack, C. (2019, January 21). Focke-Wulf Ta 152 Single-Seat, Single-Engine High-Altitude Fighter-Interceptor Aircraft - Nazi Germany. Retrieved from https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=455.</ref>
</references>

{{AirManufacturer Focke-Wulf}}
{{Germany fighters}}

F8F-1

2020-03-20T18:25:55Z

U65587690: Rewrote and updated the article.

{{Specs-Card
|code=f8f1
|cockpit=369902/1262891
}}
{{About
|about=aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=F8F (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American naval fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.33]].

The F8F-1 is an all-purpose light fighter-bomber, and excels as such. Although it may seemed incredibly outgunned with its quad M2 Brownings (even more compared to its 1B counterpart), the Bearcat can be a more than decent fighter in the right hands. The plane was developed to achieve two things: the best possible climb rate and the ability to land on escort carriers.

In War Thunder, the F8F Bearcat is an Rank IV US Naval Fighter. In game there are two versions of this particular model available – the F8F-1, armed with 4 .50 caliber M2 machine guns and the F8F-1B, armed with 4 AN/M3 20 mm cannons. This is reflected in its AB battle rating, that is 1.7 lower than cannon version. The difference in armament has much smaller impact in RB and SB, and therefor -1 has only 0.3 lower BR, and is often skipped. The in-game Bearcat retains many advantages of the real-life counterpart. The F8F has very good acceleration and climb rate, thanks to its powerful engine. Because of that, it can quickly gain an altitude advantage over its opponents. Thanks to its high top speed, good wing endurance, and good energy retention capabilities, the F8F is perfectly suited to energy fighting. A Bearcat pilot should avoid low-speed dogfights, instead opt for a diving attack from above.The Bearcat is also a very hardy aircraft able to sustain several hits from enemy cannon and machine gun rounds before being decommissioned. The phrase "Grumman Ironworks" comes into play on the Bearcats just like their previous works; The F3F, The F4F ''Wild Cat'', and the F6F ''Hellcat''. Therefore you shouldn't be too wary of 13-15 mm. 20 mm Hispanos and 30 mm Rhein Borsig series guns are your biggest threats in terms of damage.

The elephant in the room when it comes to the Bearcat is its 4 x [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|M2 Brownings]]. With a relatively low fire rate and low damage, pilots must make their shots count. Unlike most other planes equipped with the M2 Brownings, the Bearcat can utilize M20 APIT rounds. These rounds excel at setting targets aflame. Precise aiming is key, specifically targeting the enemy aircraft's engine or pilot. Aiming for the fuselage is less effective as unlike the P-47D, which has 8 x M2s which can chew through aircraft hulls by hurling twice as many bullets down range. Meanwhile the measly 4 x M2s Bearcat will pepper the hull and simply be absorbed. And unlike other Browning armed airplanes, it has medicore ammo load of only 1250 rounds.

Make use of the secondary payloads as well. The Bearcat can make use of the Tiny Tim rockets as well as a large array of HVAR rockets and bombs. Tiny Tims are especially useful against heavy ground targets and tanks.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,098 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 666 || 646 || 10,900 || 20.8 || 21.4 || 19.4 || 19.3 || 220
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,098 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|731||686|| 10,900 ||19.0||20.0||30.7||22.6|| 220
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X ||X
|-
|}

* Flaps don't extend above their rip speed

*

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 830 || 300 || 910 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 540 || < 540 || < 500 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 995 m ||2,299 hp||2,384 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,090 m ||1,852 hp||1,918 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 8.5 mm Steel - Under cowling engine armor plate
* 8.5 mm Steel - Fore cockpit protection plate
* 9.5 mm Steel - Pilots seat and headrest
* 60 mm Bulletproof glass - Windshield

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning, wing-mounted (300 + 325 rpg each wing = 1,250 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Suspended armaments}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance options:

* Without load
* 2 x 297 mm Tiny Tim rockets (fired together unlike the hellcat)
* 4 x 127 mm HVAR rockets
* 4 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb (2,000 lb total) (2 drops, 500 lb first together)
* 3 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (3,000 lb total) (2 drops)
* 4 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns (gun pods) (340 rpg = 1,360 total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:FighterImage_F8F1.jpg|thumbnail|left|A Bearcat dives towards a formation of [[Kikka]] fighter-bombers.]]
This aircraft is best when used as an energy fighter, however unlike the other american planes it doesn't fullfil Boom and Zoom role very well, because of lacking arnament and rudder lock-up.

Orriginally designed to achieve best possible climb rate, this aircraft sacrifises almost everything else, including arnament, supercharger, fuel load and radiator. However, as it was also made to be able to use escort carriers, it is also small and durable.

This aircraft has great climb rate of 29 m/s in Air RB (spaded, min fuel), as well as great acceleration, and it should be accordingly. At the beggining of the match climb into the battlefield, and attack the opponents with the highest energy. If there is an enemy above you, disengage using your great acceleraton. Do not be afraid to attack lower enemies, as this plane's optimal altitude is below 1,000m. It is also quite fast in a straight line, especially on low altitudes.

The bad low speed manuverablity isnt't really an issue given the plane's acceleration.

This Bearcat doesn't suit BnZ tactic, because it lacks the punchy arnament, and rudder compression makes shoots above 720 km/h impossible.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable, no automatic control || rowspan="2" |Controllable, no automatic control|| rowspan="2" | Controllable, no automatic control || rowspan="2" | Controllable, automatic control || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

* Although the name "Ovencat" may not sound encouragingly, MEC lets pilot completly forget about the overheating problem. Set the prop pitch to 100%, Mixer to ~95%. Change supercharger gear @~1,100m. Manage radiators according to the temperatures.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
| DPG-1
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| FRC mk.2
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
| LFRC mk.12
|-
| IV
| G-Suit
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
| FLBC mk.1
|-
|}

* The "''holy trinity''" of flight performance upgrades: ''Compressor'', ''Engine'', and ''Engine injection''. All three combined increase climb rate by 10 m/s (~2000 feet/min).
* Arnament upgrades are worth considering due to lacking arnament, bad stock belts and medicore ammo count
* G-suit is very useful, given the plane is most manuverable at medium to high speeds

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* One of the best climb rates of all prop planes
* Great acceleration
* Good top speed, especially at low altitudes
* Great turn rate at medium to high speeds
* Good roll rate at higher speeds
* G-suit modification
* Fast weapon reload (AB)
* Great energy retention in the vertical
* Can take a punch
* Can utilize M20 API-T belts, which can set everything on fire with only a couple of bullets
* Has access to gun pod
* Minimum fuel load is 14 min
* Has carrier hook (pacific maps)
* It doesn't see jets as often as -1B

'''Cons:'''

* Sluggish low speed handling (roll rate) and turning
* Loses a lot of energy when turning
* Bad high altitude performance > 5,000m
* Rudder compresses hardly > 720kph
* Engine overheats on 100% when using auto controls
* Limited supply of ADI ('''anti-detonant injection' ''mixture of alcohol and water to boost performance, WEP)
* Extremely poor weapons when compared to Fw-190, J6M, Spitfire, and Yak variants, among others
* Limited ammo count

== History ==

The first idea for the creation of the Grumman F8F Bearcat was pitched after the Battle of Midway. Many pilots who took part in it remarked that one of the most important parts of naval air warfare was an aircraft’s rate of climb. This of course meant that an increase in power was necessary. In 1943 the design work on the new aircraft began. The outline called for a fighter-interceptor, capable of operating even from small escort carriers. While the engine – the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 radial – was the same model used on the earlier [[F6F-5|F6F Hellcat]], the new fighter would be lighter which also meant an increase in speed and climb rate. The concession was limiting the range of the new aircraft. The F8F would also feature a bubble canopy for better all around visibility. The first prototype, the XF8F-1, first took to the skies on the 21st August 1944. Further tests proved the aircraft's reliability and ruggedness, and the F8F was accepted into mass production. The first serial models rolled off the assembly line in February 1945 and were delivered to VF-19 fighter squadron, which began operating flights with the Bearcats in May 1945.

The new fighter, was, however, too late for any combat in World War II. After the war the situation of this propeller aircraft got even more complicated thanks to the introduction of naval jet aircraft. Even though the F8F was one of the fastest propeller-driven aircraft of its time, it was clear that the jet age was dawning. The F8F was replaced in US Navy and USMC service by the F9F Panther and the [[F2H-2|F2H Banshee]] jet aircraft. Some Bearcats saw combat service with the French in French Indochina in 1951, when they were used in the CAS role against the Viet Minh troops. Thailand also received a shipment of Bearcats which were then operated by the Thai Air Force. The F8F found a new life – thanks to its speed and acceleration - it was and still is widely used as a racing aircraft. One of the most famous racing Bearcats is the Rare Bear – a specially modified F8F, which holds many propeller aircraft speed and climb records.

== Media ==

=== Skins ===

*[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23F8F Skins and camouflages for the F8F from live.warthunder]. All F8F skins are interchangable and can be used on all versions via the following steps:
*: 1) Duplicate the folder template_f8f1 in your UserSkins folder and rename to template_f8f1b
*: 2) Rename each file in the template_f8f1b folder from f8f1*.* to f8f1b*.*
*: 3) edit f8f1b.blk and replace all instances of f8f1 with f8f1b
**[http://live.warthunder.com/post/16585/ '''"F8F-1B Vietnam Air Force 1964, historical skin"''' by ''_TerremotO_'']
**[http://live.warthunder.com/post/18620/ ''''The Jolly Rogers' Based/influenced by the 1980 movie ' The Final countdown'.''' by ''H3LLRA1Z3R3'']
**[http://live.warthunder.com/post/40868/ '''"F8F 1B Bearcat VF-61"''' by ''gudkarma'']
**[http://live.warthunder.com/post/30878/ '''"F8F-1 'Pussy Cat'"''' by ''Starbuck44'']

=== Pictures & paintings ===
[http://live.warthunder.com/post/173370/en/ "Hunting made two cards": F8F vs. He 162]
[http://live.warthunder.com/post/171057/en/ "Never fly alone"]
[http://live.warthunder.com/post/134521/en/ "big brother"]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Grumman}}
{{USA fighters}}

P-38L-5-LO

2020-03-20T17:11:07Z

U65587690: /* General info */ Data of upgraded plane

{{Specs-Card
|code=p-38l
|cockpit=356051/1206029
}}
{{About
| about = American twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = P-38 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.53 "Firestorm"]].

The P-38 Lightning is to be played primarily as an Air Superiority fighter. Boom & Zoom tactics are one of your greatest assets in this aircraft. By using your powerful armament, high speed, good manoeuvrability and good climb rate, in the hands of a skilled pilot, a P-38L is one of the greatest threats to an entire team.

The P-38L is the last Lightning in the US Aviation tech tree that is able to be researched. This plane has some of the same defining factors of prior models of the Lightning, but with greater modifications to make this variant of the P-38 among the best planes in the game. The biggest upgrade over the P-38J-15 is the presence of air brakes on the P-38L, which means you can pull out of a dive much easier than in any other prior model. In addition, you also have the ability to research the "New Boosters" module, which greatly improves your roll-rate.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,534 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 660 || 647 || 12,192 || 23.4 || 23.9 || 13.4 || 15.6 || 332
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,534 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|717||690|| 12,192 ||21.0||22.0||24.0||19.3|| 332
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 790 || 289 || 534 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 490 || < 460 || < 500 || > 240
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
|5100||1415||1550
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Cockpit windscreen
* 6.5 mm Steel - Front cockpit armour plate
* 6.5 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
* 9.5 mm Steel - Pilot's headrest

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|AN/M2 (20 mm)|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm AN/M2 cannon, nose-mounted (150 rpg)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|HVAR|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, suspended (340 rpg = 1360 total)

== Usage in battles ==

There are a few tactics to take into consideration when using the P-38L Lightning. All of them are viable, but some of them require more attention to detail, or else you can guarantee yourself a one-way ticket back to your garage.

===Air Superiority Roles===
The natural role for the P-38 is the Air Superiority role. When playing in this role, it is important to note that because the P-38L is classified as a "Heavy Fighter" but not an "Interceptor," you will often need to side-climb at the start of a match from the airfield. Once you get to an optimal altitude of roughly 4,500 meters (14,760 feet) it is paramount you keep your speed up to avoid getting jumped on by some of the better climbing aircraft. When climbing, it is best you keep your speed somewhere in the neighbourhood of roughly 210 MPH (337 KPH), to keep your energy up as well. It doesn't hurt if you climb higher, ''just be sure to keep your energy and speed constant.'' Once you have followed the steps to climb to altitude, start scanning for easier targets to support your allies. When you spot an enemy lower in altitude than you, dive down on them and line up your shots carefully- the 20 mm cannon has a good quantity of ammo, but it goes quickly in higher BR battles. Once you have lined-up your shots (preferably around 700-600 meters away,) fire a quick burst, then climb away to avoid a counter-attack. This is where the dive-brakes come in great use, as they can keep your aircraft stable when in a dive and prevents the airframe from disintegrating in a dive. The P-38's nose-mounted weaponry will act as a buzz-saw on enemy planes, providing extremely accurate fire. Once you destroy your adversary, start scanning for new targets and eliminate those of the next highest value. ''Just remember to keep your speed, energy and altitude high enough.'' The recommended ammunition type for this role is the "Universal" ammunition for the .50 cals and the "Air Target" rounds for the 20 mm cannon.

'''Note-''' At your battle rating of 4.7, it is ill-advised to attack your opponents head-on- especially if it is an Fw 190, or any plane bearing the prefix "Yak." That being said, getting behind your opponents is the best course of action. '''This is not to say a successful head-on attack cannot be done.''' If you have no alternatives but to attack head-on, fire a quick burst, then quickly hit the deck. The nose-mounted weaponry in this scenario is your greatest asset, and the astonishingly good roll-rate of the P-38 can help avoid any incoming enemy fire.

It is not advised that you spend too much time in a turning engagement with this plane. While the P-38L has a phenomenal roll-rate and very powerful Allison engines, prolonged turning will bleed your energy and eliminate your greatest advantage- speed. In addition, you are a rather large target, and getting caught in a turning engagement will only render you a highly exposed target to other enemy planes.

===Ground Attack Roles===
This is the role where paying attention to details is an absolute priority. This is given that the Anti-Aircraft fire is coming from actual players, and not artificial intelligence and one small mistake can send your plane down in a fireball. Nonetheless, the P-38L has all the tools necessary to be a ferocious Close Air Support aircraft. You have the option for two 500 lb bombs suspended underneath the fuselage of the plane or you can choose ten HVAR rockets. The distinguishing part of the Lightning, when used in ground attack, is that the bombs drop independently one-by-one, which allows for a second attack run if one needs to, allowing a chance for further kills. In addition to the options of bombs or rockets, the P-38's weaponry will punish any open-topped vehicles. The tactics for a ground attack are mainly brought out in making diving attacks in Ground RB. However, as mentioned earlier, you must pay attention to your surroundings- as you have no markers for enemy aircraft, and a loss of situational awareness will be your undoing. That being said, approach the battlefield from high altitude, or come in low and fast. When you spot an enemy vehicle, line up your attack run, then drop your bomb when you are close to the ground. Using the dive brakes is extremely recommended, as you can lose control quickly or need to pull up at a moment's notice. '''It is paramount you do not have "Assault Fuse" for your bombs, as you will be caught in the blast radius.''' When you have completed your attack runs using bombs or rockets, try and strafe enemy positions to spot for your allies and possibly eliminate enemy Self Propelled Anti-Aircraft vehicles as well. You can also act still as an Air Superiority fighter to keep your friendly ground forces in the game.

===Specific enemies worth noting===

====German Aircraft====
At your battle rating of 4.7, you can (and will) get dragged into some 5.7 BR games. That being said, your greatest threats come from the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-8, given the speed and firepower it has. You also need to worry about late models of the Bf 109, such as the G-6, G-10, G-14 and the K-4 variants, which have the speed, firepower and even the manoeuvrability to tear the Lightning apart. It is plausible you will face the Fw 190 D variants, which will give you a serious run for your money, as will the Ta 152's. At 4.7, you also need to take into consideration that you will be facing Allied aircraft captured by the Germans- most notable among them are the Tempest V and the P-47 Thunderbolt. The vast majority of the German planes you will be facing have a high climb rate and are excellent energy fighters, which can leave you at a gaping deficit when facing Axis teams.

====Japanese Aircraft====
Japanese planes are notorious for their extreme turning abilities, which usually decimates Allied teams. This does not change in the higher battle ratings. The most dangerous Japanese aircraft that the P-38L-5LO Lightning will face is the Mitsubishi J2M4 Raiden, which has a top speed to rival even the Mustang. In addition, the J2M4 Raiden carries an armament of four 20 mm cannons, which will tear the Lightning to bits. Another dangerous opponent for the P-38L is the A7M1 and the A7M2 Reppu, which also have powerful armaments and a tighter turn radius than a Zero.

====Russian Aircraft====
Any aircraft bearing the prefix "Yak" is going to give you issues. Most notable among all of these planes will be the Yak-3P, as the aircraft has very powerful nose-mounted weaponry and can turn exceptionally well. The Yak-9T will also give you some problems, as the Yak-9T's 37 mm cannon will turn your aircraft into pieces of flying debris with one well-placed hit. The La-7 will also be a viable threat, as it has powerful nose-mounted weaponry combined with amazing capabilities as an energy fighter. '''Do not head-on any variant of a Su-6 or IL-10''', as their weaponry is mainly designed for busting open tanks and pillboxes. Do not tail either of those attackers for long either, due to their 20 mm defensive cannon.

====British Aircraft====
The British aircraft are notorious for their turning capabilities and heavy armament at this Battle-Rating. Any late variant of the Spitfire is going to give you problems, most notable among these variants are the Spitfire F. Mk.IX, the Spitfire Mk.Vc, and the Spitfire Mk.Vc/trop. Another notable adversary is the Typhoon Mk.Ib /Late, due to its heavy armament and good turning abilities.

====Counter-tactics====

With all the aspects mentioned above, the P-38L-5-LO is by no means an easy plane to kill. A P-38L pilot will play this aircraft more conservatively / reserved- mostly using it in a Boom-n'-Zoom fashion. However, a P-38L is a large target, thus making it highly exposed in a turn. That is the best way to secure a kill on a P-38L. Even if you only set the Lightning on fire, all the fuel tanks are either on the inside of the fuselage or in the wing-tips. That being said, a P-38L pilot will only be able to put out a fire if they exceed the structural integrity of the plane.

In addition, the P-38L has a bubble canopy, which offers minimal protection from incoming fire. Getting a pilot snipe on a P-38L is not totally uncommon.

If a P-38L is diving on you, try to force it to over-shoot by pulling either a Corkscrew or a Split-S. If you pull a Corkscrew and the Lightning overshoots, position yourself for a well-placed burst and try to knock-out the pilot. If you choose to pull a Split-S and the Lightning over-shoots, re-position yourself to energy-fight the P-38L.

The P-38L is also a very good energy fighter, thus rendering it able to make some very tight turns, but only for so long. If a Lightning manages to get behind you, try to out-manoeuvre it to then get behind or force it into a vertical scissors fight. In vertical scissors, a Lightning can only pull tight turns for so long before it bleeds too much energy- uses that to your advantage.

'''Heads-up for German, Russian and Italian players!''' While you may have strong nose-mounted weaponry to attack the Lightning in a head-on engagement, the P-38L will make you pay dearly. The "Air Targets" ammunition for the AN/M2 20 mm cannons makes the Lightning an even deadlier foe- especially if you are flying a Yak. If you find yourself facing a Lightning in a head-on engagement, fire a quick burst, then quickly dive to avoid being hit from incoming enemy return-fire.

'''It is ill-advised to try and out-dive a P-38L. This is directly resulting from the P-38L having a set of dive-brakes that will easily allow the pilot to reduce their speed if they are approaching the speed that the plane disintegrates. Of all the defensive actions you take, do not try to out-dive this plane.'''

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
| DGP-1
|-
| II
| New Boosters
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12 mm MGs
| FMBC mk.1
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm
|
|-
| IV
| G-Suit
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 20 mm Cannons
| CTRC mk.3
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Accurate armament of 4 x 12.7mm Browning MG's and 1 x 20mm AN/M2 cannon (great for long-range shooting as its nose-mounted)
* Dive flaps to solve the P-38's high-speed dive recovery problem
* Dive flaps boost turn rate drastically for short durations
* Hydraulically boosted ailerons result in a higher roll rate
* Twin engines mean you can continue flying if one is damaged
* Good all-around cockpit visibly
* When spaded can out-manoeuvre even Yak's and [[Spitfire_(Family)|Spitfire]]s
* Good energy retention
* Well armoured for a head-on, although caution is still needed
* Being a heavy fighter it can choose to spawn in attackers' spawn point for AB only
* Works well with MEC
* Can carry a variety of ground attack ordnance (either bombs or rockets)
* Good high altitude performance
* Adequate ammo for 20 mm cannons
* Very responsive controls even at lower speeds
* One of the few fighter aircraft with air brakes
* The 20 mm cannon has access to "Air Target" ammunition, which will punish enemy planes
* Can mount 2 x 2 12.7 mm gun pods for increased firepower at a slight performance hit

'''Cons:'''

* High tendency to catch fire due to easy to hit fuel tanks inside wings, which means you cannot put out a fire without destroying the airframe
* Tendency to lock up at high speeds (700 kph+ or 435 mph+)
* Very poor turn rate without flaps
* Is not very durable
* Nose mounted armament, precision is required
* .50 cal MGs are the early version with no all tracer belts
* Large target as its a twin-engine fighter aircraft
* Gunpods are mounted on the outboard wing sections, resulting in significant convergence

== History ==


The concept of the plane was made in February 1937 when the US Army Air Corps made a requirement for a plane that had twin-engine and can act as a high-altitude interceptor that can hold a large amount of armament and ammunition. The term "interceptor" was used for the aircraft by the requirement authors, 1st Lt Benjamin S. Kelsey and Gordon P. Saville, to bypass the Air Corps' strict requirements on aircraft designs at the time. The specifications laid by this new requirements also called for a maximum speed of 360 mph (580 km/h) and able to climb to 20,000 ft altitude in six minutes, making it the toughest specifications at the time. Design proposals were made for the specifications, one of which would become the [[P-39N-0|Bell P-39 Airacobra]], but it was the Lockheed design team headed by Hall Hibbard and Clarence "Kelly" Johnson that made the final product. They made many designs with a twin-engine configuration. The prototypes made for the design used a twin-boom design to hold all the components of the aircraft. Various armaments were tested on the aircraft, from different machine gun combinations and autocannons. It was finally settled to four M2 .50 cal machine guns and one Hispano 20 mm autocannon. The aircraft armament configurations, all at the nose of the aircraft, was very unusual for American aircraft design, as most of their designs and those of their foreign contemporaries had the armament mounted on the wings angled forward. Because of this mounting, the aircraft is able to fire at a longer distance accurately than wing-mounts.

===Combat usage===
The P-38 performed very well in the Pacific and European theater's during World War II. They were used in roles such as Bombers Escorts, Escort V.I.P's, Performing reconnaissance over enemy locations, Combat Air Patrols, Ground Attack, Search and Rescue and other important and critical roles.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

=== Notable pilots ===
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Richard_Bong_portrait.jpg|thumb|none|250px|link=User:U64962917#Bong,_Richard_I.|Major [[User:U64962917#Bong, Richard I.|Richard Bong]] flew the P-83 fighter for the duration of his career of the war and was credited with 40 confirmed victories over Japanese aircraft.]] </li>
</ul></div>

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Bristol [[Beaufighter Mk VIc|Beaufighter]]
* de Havilland [[Mosquito (Family)|Mosquito]]
* Kawasaki [[Ki-96]]
* Mitsubishi [[Ki-83]]
* Nakajima [[J5N1|J5N]]
* Northrop [[P-61C-1|P-61]] Black Widow
* Westland [[Whirlwind Mk I| Whirlwind]]
* Petlyakov [[Pe-3 (e)|Pe-3]]
* Savoia-Marchetti [[SM.92]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Lockheed}}
{{USA twin-engine fighters}}

MG 151 (20 mm)

2020-03-18T22:38:44Z

U65587690: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''
* Note: Gunpods containing MG 151/20 cannons have reduced accuracy compared to those mounted conventionally

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|Bf 109 F}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109f-4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109f-4_trop}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109f-4_usa}}

{{Navigation-Line|Bf 109 G}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-2_romania}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-2_hungary}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-6}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-14}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-14as}}

{{Navigation-Line|Bf 109 K}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109k-4}} (Suspended/Modification)

{{Navigation-Line|C.202/5}}{{Specs-Link|mc-202_ec}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|mc-205_serie3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|mc-205_n2}}

{{Navigation-Line|Fw 190 A}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-5_cannons}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-5_u2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-5|Fw 190 A-5/U12}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-5_japan}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-8}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-8_usa}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-8_france}}

{{Navigation-Line|Fw 190 C-F}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190d-9}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190d-9_ussr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190d-12}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190d-13}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190f-8}}

{{Navigation-Line|G.55}}{{Specs-Link|g_55_serie1_ss0}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|g_55_serie1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|g_55s}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|g_56}}

{{Navigation-Line|IAR-81}}{{Specs-Link|iar_81c}}

{{Navigation-Line|Ki-61}}{{Specs-Link|ki_61_1a_hei}}

{{Navigation-Line|Pyörremyrsky}}{{Specs-Link|pyorremyrsky}}

{{Navigation-Line|Re.2001/5}}{{Specs-Link|re_2001_cn}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|re_2005_serie0}}

{{Navigation-Line|S.O.8000}}{{Specs-Link|so_8000_narval}}

{{Navigation-Line|Ta-152}}{{Specs-Link|ta-152c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ta-152h-1}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Twin-engine fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|Bf 110}}{{Specs-Link|bf-110f-2}} (Suspended){{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-110g-2}} (Suspended)

{{Navigation-Line|Do 17}}{{Specs-Link|do_17z_7}}

{{Navigation-Line|Do 217}}{{Specs-Link|do_217n_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|do_217n_2}}

{{Navigation-Line|Do 335}}{{Specs-Link|do_335a_0}} (Suspended){{-}}{{Specs-Link|do_335b_2}}

{{Navigation-Line|He 219}}{{Specs-Link|he_219a_7}}

{{Navigation-Line|Ju 388}}{{Specs-Link|ju-388j}}

{{Navigation-Line|Me 410}}{{Specs-Link|me-410a-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410a-1_u2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410a-1_u4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410b-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410b-1_u2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410b-2_u4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410b-6_r3}}

{{Navigation-Line|Ta 154}}{{Specs-Link|ta_154a_1}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Jet fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|he-162a-2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-163b-0}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-262a1_u1}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Attackers'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|Hs 129}}{{Specs-Link|hs-129b-2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|hs-129b-2_romania}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|hs-129b-2_romania_italy}}

{{Navigation-Line|SM.91/2}}{{Specs-Link|sm_91}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sm_92}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Bombers'''}}{{Specs-Link|bv-238}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|do_217e_2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|do_217e_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|he-177a-5}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|ju-87d-5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|ju-288c}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|mb_175t}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me_264}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|ju-188a-2}} (Defensive)

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Jet bombers'''}}{{Specs-Link|arado-234c-3}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Heavy tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|fr_amx_50_surblinde}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Tank destroyers'''}}{{Specs-Link|fr_lorraine_155}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Motor torpedo boats'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_ls4_class}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===

* Default: IT/IT/APHE/HEI
* Universal: IT/HEI/HEI/AP-I
* Air targets: AP-I/HEI/HEI/HEI/HEI/IT
* Armored targets: APHE/APHE/APHE/IT
* Tracers: FI-T/FI-T/FI-T/IT/IT
* Stealth: HEI/HEI/HEI/APHE/AP-I

=== Comparison with analogues ===

* [[Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)]]
* [[AN/M2 (20 mm)]]
* [[ShVAK (20 mm)]]

== Usage in battles ==

This weapon is very dangerous to air targets due to the ''minengeschoß'' shell, which makes the MG 151/20 arguably the best 20 mm cannon against air targets. Unless other ammunition is needed for a specific reason, always choose the ammo belt with most ''minengeschoß'' available.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* ''Minengeschoß'' shell (an improved HEI shell) provides a lot of hitting power against aircraft
* Larger ammo count than the other German 20 mm cannons
* Higher muzzle velocity than the other German 20 mm cannons
* Faster firing and less prone to jamming than the Allied Hispano variants

'''Cons:'''
* Still lower muzzle velocity compared to most machine guns
* Ineffective against armoured ground targets, even with APHE shells
* Tracer and HEI (''minengeschoß'') have slightly different trajectories which reiterate knowing your ammunition

== History ==

Converted from the 15 mm-firing [[MG 151/15 (15 mm)|MG 151/15 cannon]] to a 20 mm after combat evaluation proved a larger high-explosive shell to be more effective than a high-velocity shell.

A large shipment of 800 guns was lend-leased to Japan using the Italian submarine ''Comandante Cappellini'', arming 388 Japanese [[Ki-61-I hei]] fighter planes.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==

* [[MG 151/15 (15 mm)]] - Gun from which the MG 151/20 cannon was adapted

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA aircraft cannons}}
{{Germany aircraft cannons}}
{{USSR aircraft cannons}}
{{Japan aircraft cannons}}
{{Italy aircraft cannons}}
{{France aircraft cannons}}
{{Sweden aircraft cannons}}
{{France tank cannons}}
{{Germany naval cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]
[[Category:Tank cannons]]
[[Category:Naval cannons]]

MG 131 (13 mm)

2020-03-18T22:34:45Z

U65587690: Added Ju 188

== Description ==

The MG 131 (German: ''Maschinengewehr'' 131, or ''Machine gun'' 131) is a 13 mm German machine gun. This machine gun was developed for the Luftwaffe in 1938 and was in full production by Rheinmetall-Borsig from 1940 to 1945. This machine gun was one of the smallest machine guns produced by any nation in this calibre and due to its lighter weight and fast rate of fire, it replaced many 7.92 mm machine guns already installed in German fighters. This 13 mm machine gun provided the punch against armoured Allied aircraft (bombers especially) which the 7.92 mm machine guns had virtually no effect against.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|Bf 109}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-6}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-14}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109g-14as}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|bf-109k-4}}
{{Navigation-Line|Fw 190}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-8}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-8_usa}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190a-8_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190d-9}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190d-9_ussr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fw-190f-8}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Twin-engine fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|Do 217}}{{Specs-Link|do_217j_1}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|do_217j_2}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|do_217n_1}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|Ju-388}}{{Specs-Link|ju-388j}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|Me 410A}}{{Specs-Link|me-410a-1}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410a-1_u2}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410a-1_u4}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|Me 410B}}{{Specs-Link|me-410b-1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410b-1_u2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410b-2_u4}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|me-410b-6_r3}} (Defensive)

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Bombers'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|BV 238}}{{Specs-Link|bv-238}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|Do 217}}{{Specs-Link|do_217e_2}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|do_217e_4}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|do_217k_1}} (Defensive){{-}}{{Specs-Link|do_217m_1}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|He 111}}{{Specs-Link|he-111h-16_winter}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|He 177}}{{Specs-Link|he-177a-5}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|Ju 188}}{{Specs-Link|ju-188a-2}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|Ju 288}}{{Specs-Link|ju-288c}} (Defensive)
{{Navigation-Line|Me 264}}{{Specs-Link|me_264}} (Defensive)

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==


Use the stealth belts so the aim of your cannons doesn't get thrown off. Especially because the MG 131 has a way higher muzzle velocity than your cannons, so the tracers may be misleading.

Try binding a second key to shoot just these MGs to make the most out of the MGs as a standalone weapon rather than being fired with the cannon.

Their are two main uses for this gun for fighter craft:

# Fire from a relatively long range (1km) at enemies that are about to outrun you. If they get hit they might get spooked and manoeuvre so you can catch them.
# Finishing off crippled enemies to save your cannon ammo.

=== Pros and Cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Very nice sound effect
* Can sometimes set fires
* Can be used to make enemies lose energy

'''Cons:'''

* Basically no damage per second
* The muzzle velocity is way faster than the German cannons, meaning you cant really hit the target with both cannons and MGs at the same time
* If you don't have the belts the tracers are very annoying

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Aircraft machine guns}}

[[Category:Aircraft machine guns]]

G.91 R/3 (Germany)

2020-03-02T21:42:49Z

U65587690: /* Specific enemies worth noting: */ - bolded names

p{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_g91_r3}}
{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = G.91 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_G.91_R3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' nicknamed ''"Gina"'' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

A mid 50's Trans-sonic fighter ( < Mach 0.90) with ground attack abilities. Very manoeuvrable, great acceleration and heavy offensive armament make the G.91 an excellent Tier V aircraft. Unlocked after the [[Ho 229 V3|Horten 229]] the player should already be well acquainted with the appropriate play style for the Gina, being an all-around upgrade to the Flying Wing Flying in fierce competition in the sky, it will face every sub- and trans-sonic aircraft and while being a mid to top tier performance-wise. 

There are little changes between the [[G.91 pre-serie|Pre-serie]], [[G.91 R/1|R/1]], [[G.91 R/3|R/3]] and the [[G.91 R/4|R/4]], and this guide can be considered universal for all listed aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

The G.91 was intended to replace the [[F-86A-5|F-86A Sabre]] in German, Portuguese and Italian service and it shows. With an empty weight of only 3,100 kg (6,800 lbs) and a takeoff weight of 5,500 kg (12,100 lbs) the Gina is in the weight class as the [[P-51D-5|P-51D]] and [[MiG-9]], yet severely lighter than most other jets and losing about one and a half tonnes compared to the Sabre A.
Although only outputting a meagre 22 kN of thrust this first look disadvantage is literally outweighed by the high thrust to weight ratio of 0.73 empty (0.41 full). This makes the Gina an excellent dogfighter as jet fighters maintain both their top speed, climb and sustained turn-rate by their engine power rather than other flight characteristics. It can easily reach its own terminal speed (1,011 km/h, 921 f/s) and self-destruct in level flight. 

Lacking in straight wings and leading wing slats the stall speed for the G.91 is quite higher than the low weight lets one assume. One should hence be wary of many older jet types with said features, as after bleeding too much speed they can easily outmanoeuvre the Gina. With added payload, this becomes even more obvious and cautious flying is advised when fitted as a ground attacker.

Starting with 20 min of fuel, gaining the climb speed of 800 km/h IAS (sustainable @ 7-8°; 730 f/s) takes a mere ~80 seconds with 20 predicated for taking off at 230 km/h or 210 f/s IAS. An Immelmann at 800 km/h will gain 1,000 m and loose 300 km/h. A hard 180° turn at the same speed takes >100 km/h and may lose up to 60 m.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,065 || 1,042 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.6 || 28.1 || 31.5 || 30.0 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,097 || 1,084 || 24.6 || 26.0 || 47.6 || 39.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 620 || 620 || 345 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 800 || < 650 || < 660 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Bristol Orpheus MK.803 || 1
| colspan="2" | 3,477 kg || colspan="3" | 289 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel
|-
| 380 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 3,837 kg || 4,269 kg || 4,662 kg || 4,740 kg || 5,800 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (101%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 101%
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,212 kgf || 2,234 kgf
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,212 kgf (0 km/h) || 2,234 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

At its tier, there is little which cannot hurt the G.91. This is mostly due to the large calibres and fast-firing weapons found in the jet age, although the Gina does not help this issue. The armour is enough to withstand the occasional tank LMG fire but otherwise will only protect the pilot from shrapnel damage. Even though the centerline arrangement of all components proves to be quite survivable in combat, it does NOT lend itself for head-ons or prolonged chases. The former only leads to functional aircraft with a dead pilot and the latter to the reverse, which was in all likelihood the intended design in real life. The aircraft cannot take damage very well; fuselage damage usually results in engine damage, while wing damage makes the plane unstable in turns and kills the acceleration.

* 6.5 mm Steel - Behind, below and in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel - under central fuel tanks.
* 40 mm bulletproof glass - Armored windshield
* Critical components located down the midline of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* Fuel tanks located in the central fuselage.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

The DEFA 552 is an excellent Revolver cannon for jet to jet combat. With high velocity, devastating high-explosive rounds and fast firing rate it can easily hit even extreme deflection or long-range pursuit shots. The only downside is the low ammo count of 125 rounds per cannon and thus having to resort to very short burst fires.

{{main|DEFA 552 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons, nose-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

Featuring a wide range of ordnance the G.91 R/3 can be equipped for any role from ground to air combat, though it prefers air superiority.

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|SNEB Type 23|AS-20}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x AS-20 Nord Anti-Tank Guided Missile (Air-to-Surface)
* 38 x SNEB Type 23 rockets

For air-to-ground purposes, the G.91 R/3 is similar to the [[G.91 pre-serie]] and [[G.91 R/1]], both its predecessors, in loadout options sharing the same FFAR Mighty Mouse rocket option as well as the choice of a pair of 500 lb bombs. However, the R/3 has an additional and unique option; the AS-20 Nord air-to-ground missile, with a reasonable penetration value (83 mm RHAe) but incredible warhead size of (just under) 30 kilograms of TNT. Skilled use of the missile can allow for a more accurate fire at longer ranges especially versus more dangerous vehicles like self-propelled anti-aircraft guns.

== Usage in battles ==


Achieving air superiority should be the primary task for all G.91 pilots. However, the Gina excells in support role, especially in uptiers, where most of enemies can simply run away from it. To do this, all you need to do is take 9min of fuel to boost its acceleration and climb rate (you won't need more because of low ammo count anyways), and after takeoff climb at around 8° (680-700 kph). When the first enemies engage with your allies, go over them and find target with low energy state, and kill it. Do not chase lonely planes, as although enemy might look like easy 1v1 victory, the low top speed makes it very hard to catch somebody. Try not to engage in a prolonged dogfight, because Giny has rather poor energy retention and when caught slow even good acceleration won't save you. Also, keep in mind that she has poor low speed performance because of swept wings and lack of leading edge slats. In prolonged turn fight one may and will find itself loosing even against jets like MiG-15. Another thing is DO NOT AIR BRAKE. Your below average energy retention combined with overally good maneuverability makes it easy enough for pilot to evade enemy, and in combat, even the good acceleration is not enough to regain the lost speed.

Killing bombers and attackers is also a considerableoption thanks to cannon arnament. However, thy lack of durability and low ammo count make this rather a secondary task

Killing bombers and attackers is also a considerableoption thanks to cannon arnament. However, thy lack of durability and low ammo count make this rather a secondary task.

Ground attack should be done only in Ground RB, since G.91 is a typical fighter. Fortunately, it gets access to 4 AS-20 guided missiles that are deadly.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| FSBC mk.5
|-
| II
| New boosters
|
| Airframe
|
| FMBC mk.1
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 30 mm cannons
| Nord AS.20
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
| Matra SNEB
|-
|}
Compressor > Boosters (don't equip them yet) > Engine > Both cannon upgrades > G suit + equipping boosters after researching. Why? Engine upgrades, because this jet lives by its T/W ratio. Cannons to make best use of its low RPG. New boosters are required to progress to T3 and help high-speed handling, however without G suit one is just a black-out earlier. Later frame upgrades for improved top speed, or survivability upgrades to prevent breaking in turns.
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional manoeuvrability, with very high roll and turn rates
* Effective suspended armament choices for ground strike
* Access to the [[AS-20]] air-to-ground missile that can destroy any tank
* Two 30 mm DEFA cannons available
* Can carry 4 x AS-20 Nord missiles unlike most other jet fighters which only can carry two
* Small burst of 30 mm cannons is enough to fully destroy a plane especially in the head-on situations
* Has access to drag chute, that combined with high P/W ratio allows pilots to use short airfields
* The 30 mm cannons have very good penetration can destroy light tanks through the hull and other main battle tanks through the roof

'''Cons:'''

* Slower than most of its contemporaries
* Airframe can take some hits, especially against .50 cals
* Poor energy retention
* Fairly low ammo count for the guns means that you need to be conservative with your ammo
* Wings can snap off when trying to pull very hard at high speeds and when pushing elevator + ailerons at the same time, especially with 20min of fuel

=== Specific enemies worth noting: ===

'''MiG 15/17, J32'''. These jets have higher P/W ratio, and better acceleration. When engaging them, try to lure them into dogfight; however, beware, as MiG can outturn you at low speeds. Avoid going vertical at all cost.

'''Hawker Hunter, Supermarine Swift, Vantour'''. These aircraft have great energy retention and top speed. Generally avoiding attacks shouldn't be very hard, but killing one will be a challenge. Leave them to your faster team mates and watch out for their rockets.

'''Other G.91s'''. When there is G.91 on your tail, there is not much you can do. Try to force an overshoot, but do not airbrake as good pilot will go vertical and kill you.

== History ==

The G.91 ''Small Sabre'' entered service with the Luftwaffe in 1962 after winning the 1953 NATO light tactical support aircraft competition. This competition had called for a fighter which could carry 452 kg of ordnance, patrol a combat radius of 180 km assuming 10 mins over the target, average cruising speed of at least 705 km/h and Mach 0.95 capability. It also had to be fully operational on grass or other types of unprepared runways, with a take-off distance of 1,100 m. The R/3 was the Luftwaffe's version of the G.91, but with more powerful armament, two wing points for suspended ordnance and better avionics than the Italian Air Force's R/1s. Fifty R/3s were built in Italy starting in 1959 and another 294 were license-built in West Germany. The Luftwaffe also received another 50 of the very similar R/4 aircraft after orders for Greece and Turkey fell through. The Luftwaffe also had 66 T-3 two-seat trainer models built of which twenty-two were built in Germany.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|LNOcqRDgo9M|'''"Fun And Frustrating /// G.91 R/3 War Thunder 1.91 Review"''' by ''DEFYN''|hD5YJdWrAWE|'''"Fiat G91R/3 - A Better Version of the Same Bird"''' by ''WhooptieDo''}}

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/794191/en/ Skin: Fiat G.91R/3 99+03 of the German Luftwaffe serving in the JABOG 33 - by

_Invincible'']''

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/859462/en/ Skin: Historical G.91 R/3 32+92 of the Waffenschule der Luftwaffe 50 (WaSLw50), 1968 by

Magicool'']''

== See also ==


* [[F-86A-5|F-86A-5 Sabre]] - combat role predecessor
* [[La-15]] and [[Yak-30]] - similar flight style
* [[G.91 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/363988-fiat-g91-discussion-thread/ WT Forum: Fiat G.91 discussion thread]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_G.91 en.wikipedia entry]


{{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

G.91 R/3 (Germany)

2020-03-02T20:57:12Z

U65587690: Another bug fixed

p{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_g91_r3}}
{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = G.91 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_G.91_R3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' nicknamed ''"Gina"'' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

A mid 50's Trans-sonic fighter ( < Mach 0.90) with ground attack abilities. Very manoeuvrable, great acceleration and heavy offensive armament make the G.91 an excellent Tier V aircraft. Unlocked after the [[Ho 229 V3|Horten 229]] the player should already be well acquainted with the appropriate play style for the Gina, being an all-around upgrade to the Flying Wing Flying in fierce competition in the sky, it will face every sub- and trans-sonic aircraft and while being a mid to top tier performance-wise. 

There are little changes between the [[G.91 pre-serie|Pre-serie]], [[G.91 R/1|R/1]], [[G.91 R/3|R/3]] and the [[G.91 R/4|R/4]], and this guide can be considered universal for all listed aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

The G.91 was intended to replace the [[F-86A-5|F-86A Sabre]] in German, Portuguese and Italian service and it shows. With an empty weight of only 3,100 kg (6,800 lbs) and a takeoff weight of 5,500 kg (12,100 lbs) the Gina is in the weight class as the [[P-51D-5|P-51D]] and [[MiG-9]], yet severely lighter than most other jets and losing about one and a half tonnes compared to the Sabre A.
Although only outputting a meagre 22 kN of thrust this first look disadvantage is literally outweighed by the high thrust to weight ratio of 0.73 empty (0.41 full). This makes the Gina an excellent dogfighter as jet fighters maintain both their top speed, climb and sustained turn-rate by their engine power rather than other flight characteristics. It can easily reach its own terminal speed (1,011 km/h, 921 f/s) and self-destruct in level flight. 

Lacking in straight wings and leading wing slats the stall speed for the G.91 is quite higher than the low weight lets one assume. One should hence be wary of many older jet types with said features, as after bleeding too much speed they can easily outmanoeuvre the Gina. With added payload, this becomes even more obvious and cautious flying is advised when fitted as a ground attacker.

Starting with 20 min of fuel, gaining the climb speed of 800 km/h IAS (sustainable @ 7-8°; 730 f/s) takes a mere ~80 seconds with 20 predicated for taking off at 230 km/h or 210 f/s IAS. An Immelmann at 800 km/h will gain 1,000 m and loose 300 km/h. A hard 180° turn at the same speed takes >100 km/h and may lose up to 60 m.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,065 || 1,042 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.6 || 28.1 || 31.5 || 30.0 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,097 || 1,084 || 24.6 || 26.0 || 47.6 || 39.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 620 || 620 || 345 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 800 || < 650 || < 660 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Bristol Orpheus MK.803 || 1
| colspan="2" | 3,477 kg || colspan="3" | 289 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel
|-
| 380 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 3,837 kg || 4,269 kg || 4,662 kg || 4,740 kg || 5,800 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (101%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 101%
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,212 kgf || 2,234 kgf
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,212 kgf (0 km/h) || 2,234 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

At its tier, there is little which cannot hurt the G.91. This is mostly due to the large calibres and fast-firing weapons found in the jet age, although the Gina does not help this issue. The armour is enough to withstand the occasional tank LMG fire but otherwise will only protect the pilot from shrapnel damage. Even though the centerline arrangement of all components proves to be quite survivable in combat, it does NOT lend itself for head-ons or prolonged chases. The former only leads to functional aircraft with a dead pilot and the latter to the reverse, which was in all likelihood the intended design in real life. The aircraft cannot take damage very well; fuselage damage usually results in engine damage, while wing damage makes the plane unstable in turns and kills the acceleration.

* 6.5 mm Steel - Behind, below and in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel - under central fuel tanks.
* 40 mm bulletproof glass - Armored windshield
* Critical components located down the midline of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* Fuel tanks located in the central fuselage.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

The DEFA 552 is an excellent Revolver cannon for jet to jet combat. With high velocity, devastating high-explosive rounds and fast firing rate it can easily hit even extreme deflection or long-range pursuit shots. The only downside is the low ammo count of 125 rounds per cannon and thus having to resort to very short burst fires.

{{main|DEFA 552 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons, nose-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

Featuring a wide range of ordnance the G.91 R/3 can be equipped for any role from ground to air combat, though it prefers air superiority.

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|SNEB Type 23|AS-20}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x AS-20 Nord Anti-Tank Guided Missile (Air-to-Surface)
* 38 x SNEB Type 23 rockets

For air-to-ground purposes, the G.91 R/3 is similar to the [[G.91 pre-serie]] and [[G.91 R/1]], both its predecessors, in loadout options sharing the same FFAR Mighty Mouse rocket option as well as the choice of a pair of 500 lb bombs. However, the R/3 has an additional and unique option; the AS-20 Nord air-to-ground missile, with a reasonable penetration value (83 mm RHAe) but incredible warhead size of (just under) 30 kilograms of TNT. Skilled use of the missile can allow for a more accurate fire at longer ranges especially versus more dangerous vehicles like self-propelled anti-aircraft guns.

== Usage in battles ==


Achieving air superiority should be the primary task for all G.91 pilots. However, the Gina excells in support role, especially in uptiers, where most of enemies can simply run away from it. To do this, all you need to do is take 9min of fuel to boost its acceleration and climb rate (you won't need more because of low ammo count anyways), and after takeoff climb at around 8° (680-700 kph). When the first enemies engage with your allies, go over them and find target with low energy state, and kill it. Do not chase lonely planes, as although enemy might look like easy 1v1 victory, the low top speed makes it very hard to catch somebody. Try not to engage in a prolonged dogfight, because Giny has rather poor energy retention and when caught slow even good acceleration won't save you. Also, keep in mind that she has poor low speed performance because of swept wings and lack of leading edge slats. In prolonged turn fight one may and will find itself loosing even against jets like MiG-15. Another thing is DO NOT AIR BRAKE. Your below average energy retention combined with overally good maneuverability makes it easy enough for pilot to evade enemy, and in combat, even the good acceleration is not enough to regain the lost speed.

Killing bombers and attackers is also a considerableoption thanks to cannon arnament. However, thy lack of durability and low ammo count make this rather a secondary task

Killing bombers and attackers is also a considerableoption thanks to cannon arnament. However, thy lack of durability and low ammo count make this rather a secondary task.

Ground attack should be done only in Ground RB, since G.91 is a typical fighter. Fortunately, it gets access to 4 AS-20 guided missiles that are deadly.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| FSBC mk.5
|-
| II
| New boosters
|
| Airframe
|
| FMBC mk.1
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 30 mm cannons
| Nord AS.20
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
| Matra SNEB
|-
|}
Compressor > Boosters (don't equip them yet) > Engine > Both cannon upgrades > G suit + equipping boosters after researching. Why? Engine upgrades, because this jet lives by its T/W ratio. Cannons to make best use of its low RPG. New boosters are required to progress to T3 and help high-speed handling, however without G suit one is just a black-out earlier. Later frame upgrades for improved top speed, or survivability upgrades to prevent breaking in turns.
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional manoeuvrability, with very high roll and turn rates
* Effective suspended armament choices for ground strike
* Access to the [[AS-20]] air-to-ground missile that can destroy any tank
* Two 30 mm DEFA cannons available
* Can carry 4 x AS-20 Nord missiles unlike most other jet fighters which only can carry two
* Small burst of 30 mm cannons is enough to fully destroy a plane especially in the head-on situations
* Has access to drag chute, that combined with high P/W ratio allows pilots to use short airfields
* The 30 mm cannons have very good penetration can destroy light tanks through the hull and other main battle tanks through the roof

'''Cons:'''

* Slower than most of its contemporaries
* Airframe can take some hits, especially against .50 cals
* Poor energy retention
* Fairly low ammo count for the guns means that you need to be conservative with your ammo
* Wings can snap off when trying to pull very hard at high speeds and when pushing elevator + ailerons at the same time, especially with 20min of fuel

=== Specific enemies worth noting: ===

MiG 15/17, J32. These jets have higher P/W ratio, and better acceleration. When engaging them, try to lure them into dogfight; however, beware, as MiG can outturn you at low speeds. Avoid going vertical at all cost.

Hawker Hunter, Supermarine Swift, Vantour. These aircraft have great energy retention and top speed. Generally avoiding attacks shouldn't be very hard, but killing one will be a challenge. Leave them to your faster team mates and watch out for their rockets.

Other G.91s. When there is G.91 on your tail, there is not much you can do. Try to force an overshoot, but do not airbrake as good pilot will go vertical and kill you.

== History ==

The G.91 ''Small Sabre'' entered service with the Luftwaffe in 1962 after winning the 1953 NATO light tactical support aircraft competition. This competition had called for a fighter which could carry 452 kg of ordnance, patrol a combat radius of 180 km assuming 10 mins over the target, average cruising speed of at least 705 km/h and Mach 0.95 capability. It also had to be fully operational on grass or other types of unprepared runways, with a take-off distance of 1,100 m. The R/3 was the Luftwaffe's version of the G.91, but with more powerful armament, two wing points for suspended ordnance and better avionics than the Italian Air Force's R/1s. Fifty R/3s were built in Italy starting in 1959 and another 294 were license-built in West Germany. The Luftwaffe also received another 50 of the very similar R/4 aircraft after orders for Greece and Turkey fell through. The Luftwaffe also had 66 T-3 two-seat trainer models built of which twenty-two were built in Germany.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|LNOcqRDgo9M|'''"Fun And Frustrating /// G.91 R/3 War Thunder 1.91 Review"''' by ''DEFYN''|hD5YJdWrAWE|'''"Fiat G91R/3 - A Better Version of the Same Bird"''' by ''WhooptieDo''}}

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/794191/en/ Skin: Fiat G.91R/3 99+03 of the German Luftwaffe serving in the JABOG 33 - by

_Invincible'']''

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/859462/en/ Skin: Historical G.91 R/3 32+92 of the Waffenschule der Luftwaffe 50 (WaSLw50), 1968 by

Magicool'']''

== See also ==


* [[F-86A-5|F-86A-5 Sabre]] - combat role predecessor
* [[La-15]] and [[Yak-30]] - similar flight style
* [[G.91 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/363988-fiat-g91-discussion-thread/ WT Forum: Fiat G.91 discussion thread]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_G.91 en.wikipedia entry]


{{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

G.91 R/3 (Germany)

2020-03-02T20:56:07Z

U65587690: Little bugs that came in with last changes

p{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_g91_r3}}
{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = G.91 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_G.91_R3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' nicknamed ''"Gina"'' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

A mid 50's Trans-sonic fighter ( < Mach 0.90) with ground attack abilities. Very manoeuvrable, great acceleration and heavy offensive armament make the G.91 an excellent Tier V aircraft. Unlocked after the [[Ho 229 V3|Horten 229]] the player should already be well acquainted with the appropriate play style for the Gina, being an all-around upgrade to the Flying Wing Flying in fierce competition in the sky, it will face every sub- and trans-sonic aircraft and while being a mid to top tier performance-wise. 

There are little changes between the [[G.91 pre-serie|Pre-serie]], [[G.91 R/1|R/1]], [[G.91 R/3|R/3]] and the [[G.91 R/4|R/4]], and this guide can be considered universal for all listed aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

The G.91 was intended to replace the [[F-86A-5|F-86A Sabre]] in German, Portuguese and Italian service and it shows. With an empty weight of only 3,100 kg (6,800 lbs) and a takeoff weight of 5,500 kg (12,100 lbs) the Gina is in the weight class as the [[P-51D-5|P-51D]] and [[MiG-9]], yet severely lighter than most other jets and losing about one and a half tonnes compared to the Sabre A.
Although only outputting a meagre 22 kN of thrust this first look disadvantage is literally outweighed by the high thrust to weight ratio of 0.73 empty (0.41 full). This makes the Gina an excellent dogfighter as jet fighters maintain both their top speed, climb and sustained turn-rate by their engine power rather than other flight characteristics. It can easily reach its own terminal speed (1,011 km/h, 921 f/s) and self-destruct in level flight. 

Lacking in straight wings and leading wing slats the stall speed for the G.91 is quite higher than the low weight lets one assume. One should hence be wary of many older jet types with said features, as after bleeding too much speed they can easily outmanoeuvre the Gina. With added payload, this becomes even more obvious and cautious flying is advised when fitted as a ground attacker.

Starting with 20 min of fuel, gaining the climb speed of 800 km/h IAS (sustainable @ 7-8°; 730 f/s) takes a mere ~80 seconds with 20 predicated for taking off at 230 km/h or 210 f/s IAS. An Immelmann at 800 km/h will gain 1,000 m and loose 300 km/h. A hard 180° turn at the same speed takes >100 km/h and may lose up to 60 m.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,065 || 1,042 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.6 || 28.1 || 31.5 || 30.0 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,097 || 1,084 || 24.6 || 26.0 || 47.6 || 39.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 620 || 620 || 345 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 800 || < 650 || < 660 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Bristol Orpheus MK.803 || 1
| colspan="2" | 3,477 kg || colspan="3" | 289 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel
|-
| 380 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 3,837 kg || 4,269 kg || 4,662 kg || 4,740 kg || 5,800 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (101%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 101%
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,212 kgf || 2,234 kgf
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,212 kgf (0 km/h) || 2,234 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

At its tier, there is little which cannot hurt the G.91. This is mostly due to the large calibres and fast-firing weapons found in the jet age, although the Gina does not help this issue. The armour is enough to withstand the occasional tank LMG fire but otherwise will only protect the pilot from shrapnel damage. Even though the centerline arrangement of all components proves to be quite survivable in combat, it does NOT lend itself for head-ons or prolonged chases. The former only leads to functional aircraft with a dead pilot and the latter to the reverse, which was in all likelihood the intended design in real life. The aircraft cannot take damage very well; fuselage damage usually results in engine damage, while wing damage makes the plane unstable in turns and kills the acceleration.

* 6.5 mm Steel - Behind, below and in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel - under central fuel tanks.
* 40 mm bulletproof glass - Armored windshield
* Critical components located down the midline of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* Fuel tanks located in the central fuselage.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

The DEFA 552 is an excellent Revolver cannon for jet to jet combat. With high velocity, devastating high-explosive rounds and fast firing rate it can easily hit even extreme deflection or long-range pursuit shots. The only downside is the low ammo count of 125 rounds per cannon and thus having to resort to very short burst fires.

{{main|DEFA 552 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons, nose-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

Featuring a wide range of ordnance the G.91 R/3 can be equipped for any role from ground to air combat, though it prefers air superiority.

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|SNEB Type 23|AS-20}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x AS-20 Nord Anti-Tank Guided Missile (Air-to-Surface)
* 38 x SNEB Type 23 rockets

For air-to-ground purposes, the G.91 R/3 is similar to the [[G.91 pre-serie]] and [[G.91 R/1]], both its predecessors, in loadout options sharing the same FFAR Mighty Mouse rocket option as well as the choice of a pair of 500 lb bombs. However, the R/3 has an additional and unique option; the AS-20 Nord air-to-ground missile, with a reasonable penetration value (83 mm RHAe) but incredible warhead size of (just under) 30 kilograms of TNT. Skilled use of the missile can allow for a more accurate fire at longer ranges especially versus more dangerous vehicles like self-propelled anti-aircraft guns.

== Usage in battles ==


Achieving air superiority should be the primary task for all G.91 pilots. However, the Gina excells in support role, especially in uptiers, where most of enemies can simply run away from it. To do this, all you need to do is take 9min of fuel to boost its acceleration and climb rate (you won't need more because of low ammo count anyways), and after takeoff climb at around 8° (680-700 kph). When the first enemies engage with your allies, go over them and find target with low energy state, and kill it. Do not chase lonely planes, as although enemy might look like easy 1v1 victory, the low top speed makes it very hard to catch somebody. Try not to engage in a prolonged dogfight, because Giny has rather poor energy retention and when caught slow even good acceleration won't save you. Also, keep in mind that she has poor low speed performance because of swept wings and lack of leading edge slats. In prolonged turn fight one may and will find itself loosing even against jets like MiG-15. Another thing is DO NOT AIR BRAKE. Your below average energy retention combined with overally good maneuverability makes it easy enough for pilot to evade enemy, and in combat, even the good acceleration is not enough to regain the lost speed.

Killing bombers and attackers is also a considerableoption thanks to cannon arnament. However, thy lack of durability and low ammo count make this rather a secondary task

Killing bombers and attackers is also a considerableoption thanks to cannon arnament. However, thy lack of durability and low ammo count make this rather a secondary task.

Ground attack should be done only in Ground RB, since G.91 is a typical fighter. Fortunately, it gets access to 4 AS-20 guided missiles that are deadly.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| FSBC mk.5
|-
| II
| New boosters
|
| Airframe
|
| FMBC mk.1
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 30 mm cannons
| Nord AS.20
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
| Matra SNEB
|-
|}
Compressor > Boosters (don't equip them yet) > Engine > Both cannon upgrades > G suit + equipping boosters after researching. Why? Engine upgrades, because this jet lives by its T/W ratio. Cannons to make best use of its low RPG. New boosters are required to progress to T3 and help high-speed handling, however without G suit one is just a black-out earlier. Later frame upgrades for improved top speed, or survivability upgrades to prevent breaking in turns.
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional manoeuvrability, with very high roll and turn rates
* Effective suspended armament choices for ground strike
* Access to the [[AS-20]] air-to-ground missile that can destroy any tank
* Two 30 mm DEFA cannons available
* Can carry 4 x AS-20 Nord missiles unlike most other jet fighters which only can carry two
* Small burst of 30 mm cannons is enough to fully destroy a plane especially in the head-on situations
* Has access to drag chute, that combined with high P/W ratio allows pilots to use short airfields
*
* The 30 mm cannons have very good penetration can destroy light tanks through the hull and other main battle tanks through the roof

'''Cons:'''

* Slower than most of its contemporaries
* Airframe can take some hits, especially against .50 cals
* Poor energy retention
* Fairly low ammo count for the guns means that you need to be conservative with your ammo
* Wings can snap off when trying to pull very hard at high speeds and when pushing elevator + ailerons at the same time, especially with 20min of fuel

=== Specific enemies worth noting: ===

MiG 15/17, J32. These jets have higher P/W ratio, and better acceleration. When engaging them, try to lure them into dogfight; however, beware, as MiG can outturn you at low speeds. Avoid going vertical at all cost.

Hawker Hunter, Supermarine Swift, Vantour. These aircraft have great energy retention and top speed. Generally avoiding attacks shouldn't be very hard, but killing one will be a challenge. Leave them to your faster team mates and watch out for their rockets.

Other G.91s. When there is G.91 on your tail, there is not much you can do. Try to force an overshoot, but do not airbrake as good pilot will go vertical and kill you.

== History ==

The G.91 ''Small Sabre'' entered service with the Luftwaffe in 1962 after winning the 1953 NATO light tactical support aircraft competition. This competition had called for a fighter which could carry 452 kg of ordnance, patrol a combat radius of 180 km assuming 10 mins over the target, average cruising speed of at least 705 km/h and Mach 0.95 capability. It also had to be fully operational on grass or other types of unprepared runways, with a take-off distance of 1,100 m. The R/3 was the Luftwaffe's version of the G.91, but with more powerful armament, two wing points for suspended ordnance and better avionics than the Italian Air Force's R/1s. Fifty R/3s were built in Italy starting in 1959 and another 294 were license-built in West Germany. The Luftwaffe also received another 50 of the very similar R/4 aircraft after orders for Greece and Turkey fell through. The Luftwaffe also had 66 T-3 two-seat trainer models built of which twenty-two were built in Germany.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|LNOcqRDgo9M|'''"Fun And Frustrating /// G.91 R/3 War Thunder 1.91 Review"''' by ''DEFYN''|hD5YJdWrAWE|'''"Fiat G91R/3 - A Better Version of the Same Bird"''' by ''WhooptieDo''}}

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/794191/en/ Skin: Fiat G.91R/3 99+03 of the German Luftwaffe serving in the JABOG 33 - by

_Invincible'']''

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/859462/en/ Skin: Historical G.91 R/3 32+92 of the Waffenschule der Luftwaffe 50 (WaSLw50), 1968 by

Magicool'']''

== See also ==


* [[F-86A-5|F-86A-5 Sabre]] - combat role predecessor
* [[La-15]] and [[Yak-30]] - similar flight style
* [[G.91 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/363988-fiat-g91-discussion-thread/ WT Forum: Fiat G.91 discussion thread]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_G.91 en.wikipedia entry]


{{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

G.91 R/3 (Germany)

2020-03-02T20:52:51Z

U65587690: Updated usage in battles, as it changed with addition of new planes. Added Specific enemies worth noting. Precised survivability.

p{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_g91_r3}}
{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = G.91 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_G.91_R3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' nicknamed ''"Gina"'' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

A mid 50's Trans-sonic fighter ( < Mach 0.90) with ground attack abilities. Very manoeuvrable, great acceleration and heavy offensive armament make the G.91 an excellent Tier V aircraft. Unlocked after the [[Ho 229 V3|Horten 229]] the player should already be well acquainted with the appropriate play style for the Gina, being an all-around upgrade to the Flying Wing Flying in fierce competition in the sky, it will face every sub- and trans-sonic aircraft and while being a mid to top tier performance-wise. 

There are little changes between the [[G.91 pre-serie|Pre-serie]], [[G.91 R/1|R/1]], [[G.91 R/3|R/3]] and the [[G.91 R/4|R/4]], and this guide can be considered universal for all listed aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

The G.91 was intended to replace the [[F-86A-5|F-86A Sabre]] in German, Portuguese and Italian service and it shows. With an empty weight of only 3,100 kg (6,800 lbs) and a takeoff weight of 5,500 kg (12,100 lbs) the Gina is in the weight class as the [[P-51D-5|P-51D]] and [[MiG-9]], yet severely lighter than most other jets and losing about one and a half tonnes compared to the Sabre A.
Although only outputting a meagre 22 kN of thrust this first look disadvantage is literally outweighed by the high thrust to weight ratio of 0.73 empty (0.41 full). This makes the Gina an excellent dogfighter as jet fighters maintain both their top speed, climb and sustained turn-rate by their engine power rather than other flight characteristics. It can easily reach its own terminal speed (1,011 km/h, 921 f/s) and self-destruct in level flight. 

Lacking in straight wings and leading wing slats the stall speed for the G.91 is quite higher than the low weight lets one assume. One should hence be wary of many older jet types with said features, as after bleeding too much speed they can easily outmanoeuvre the Gina. With added payload, this becomes even more obvious and cautious flying is advised when fitted as a ground attacker.

Starting with 20 min of fuel, gaining the climb speed of 800 km/h IAS (sustainable @ 7-8°; 730 f/s) takes a mere ~80 seconds with 20 predicated for taking off at 230 km/h or 210 f/s IAS. An Immelmann at 800 km/h will gain 1,000 m and loose 300 km/h. A hard 180° turn at the same speed takes >100 km/h and may lose up to 60 m.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,065 || 1,042 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.6 || 28.1 || 31.5 || 30.0 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,097 || 1,084 || 24.6 || 26.0 || 47.6 || 39.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 620 || 620 || 345 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 800 || < 650 || < 660 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Bristol Orpheus MK.803 || 1
| colspan="2" | 3,477 kg || colspan="3" | 289 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel
|-
| 380 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 3,837 kg || 4,269 kg || 4,662 kg || 4,740 kg || 5,800 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (101%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 101%
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,212 kgf || 2,234 kgf
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,212 kgf (0 km/h) || 2,234 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

At its tier, there is little which cannot hurt the G.91. This is mostly due to the large calibres and fast-firing weapons found in the jet age, although the Gina does not help this issue. The armour is enough to withstand the occasional tank LMG fire but otherwise will only protect the pilot from shrapnel damage. Even though the centerline arrangement of all components proves to be quite survivable in combat, it does NOT lend itself for head-ons or prolonged chases. The former only leads to functional aircraft with a dead pilot and the latter to the reverse, which was in all likelihood the intended design in real life. The aircraft cannot take damage very well; fuselage damage usually results in engine damage, while wing damage makes the plane unstable in turns and kills the acceleration.

* 6.5 mm Steel - Behind, below and in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel - under central fuel tanks.
* 40 mm bulletproof glass - Armored windshield
* Critical components located down the midline of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* Fuel tanks located in the central fuselage.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

The DEFA 552 is an excellent Revolver cannon for jet to jet combat. With high velocity, devastating high-explosive rounds and fast firing rate it can easily hit even extreme deflection or long-range pursuit shots. The only downside is the low ammo count of 125 rounds per cannon and thus having to resort to very short burst fires.

{{main|DEFA 552 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons, nose-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

Featuring a wide range of ordnance the G.91 R/3 can be equipped for any role from ground to air combat, though it prefers air superiority.

{{main|AN-M57 (250 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|SNEB Type 23|AS-20}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x AS-20 Nord Anti-Tank Guided Missile (Air-to-Surface)
* 38 x SNEB Type 23 rockets

For air-to-ground purposes, the G.91 R/3 is similar to the [[G.91 pre-serie]] and [[G.91 R/1]], both its predecessors, in loadout options sharing the same FFAR Mighty Mouse rocket option as well as the choice of a pair of 500 lb bombs. However, the R/3 has an additional and unique option; the AS-20 Nord air-to-ground missile, with a reasonable penetration value (83 mm RHAe) but incredible warhead size of (just under) 30 kilograms of TNT. Skilled use of the missile can allow for a more accurate fire at longer ranges especially versus more dangerous vehicles like self-propelled anti-aircraft guns.

== Usage in battles ==


Achieving air superiority should be the primary task for all G.91 pilots. However, the Gina excells in support role, especially in uptiers, where most of enemies can simply run away from it. To do this, all you need to do is take 9min of fuel to boost its acceleration and climb rate (you won't need more because of low ammo count anyways), and after takeoff climb at around 8° (680-700 kph). When the first enemies engage with your allies, go over them and find target with low energy state, and kill it. Do not chase lonely planes, as although enemy might look like easy 1v1 victory, the low top speed makes it very hard to catch somebody. Try not to engage in a prolonged dogfight, because Giny has rather poor energy retention and when caught slow even good acceleration won't save you. Also, keep in mind that she has poor low speed performance because of swept wings and lack of leading edge slats. In prolonged turn fight one may and will find itself loosing even against jets like MiG-15. Another thing is DO NOT AIR BRAKE. Your below average energy retention combined with overally good maneuverability makes it easy enough for pilot to evade enemy, and in combat, even the good acceleration is not enough to regain the lost speed.

Killing bombers and attackers is also a considerableoption thanks to cannon arnament. However, thy lack of durability and low ammo count make this rather a secondary task

Killing bombers and attackers is also a considerableoption thanks to cannon arnament. However, thy lack of durability and low ammo count make this rather a secondary task.

Ground attack should be done only in Ground RB, since G.91 is a typical fighter. Fortunately, it gets access to 4 AS-20 guided missiles that are deadly.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| FSBC mk.5
|-
| II
| New boosters
|
| Airframe
|
| FMBC mk.1
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 30 mm cannons
| Nord AS.20
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
| Matra SNEB
|-
|}
Compressor > Boosters (don't equip them yet) > Engine > Both cannon upgrades > G suit + equipping boosters after researching. Why? Engine upgrades, because this jet lives by its T/W ratio. Cannons to make best use of its low RPG. New boosters are required to progress to T3 and help high-speed handling, however without G suit one is just a black-out earlier. Later frame upgrades for improved top speed, or survivability upgrades to prevent breaking in turns.
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional manoeuvrability, with very high roll and turn rates
* Effective suspended armament choices for ground strike
* Access to the [[AS-20]] air-to-ground missile that can destroy any tank
* Two 30 mm DEFA cannons available
* Can carry 4 x AS-20 Nord missiles unlike most other jet fighters which only can carry two
* Small burst of 30 mm cannons is enough to fully destroy a plane especially in the head-on situations
* Has access to drag chute, that combined with high P/W ratio allows pilots to use short airfields
*
* The 30 mm cannons have very good penetration can destroy light tanks through the hull and other main battle tanks through the roof

'''Cons:'''

* Slower than most of its contemporaries
* Airframe can take some hits, especially against .50 cals
* Poor energy retention
* Fairly low ammo count for the guns means that you need to be conservative with your ammo
* Wings can snap off when trying to pull very hard at high speeds and when pushing elevator + ailerons at the same time, especially with 20min of fuel

Wings can snap off when trying to pull very hard at high speeds and when pushing elevator + ailerons at the same time, especially with 20min of fuel

=== Specific enemies worth noting: ===

MiG 15/17, J32. These jets have higher P/W ratio, and better acceleration. When engaging them, try to lure them into dogfight; however, beware, as MiG can outturn you at low speeds. Avoid going vertical at all cost.

Hawker Hunter, Supermarine Swift, Vantour. These aircraft have great energy retention and top speed. Generally avoiding attacks shouldn't be very hard, but killing one will be a challenge. Leave them to your faster team mates and watch out for their rockets.

Other G.91s. When there is G.91 on your tail, there is not much you can do. Try to force an overshoot, but do not airbrake as good pilot will go vertical and kill you.

== History ==

The G.91 ''Small Sabre'' entered service with the Luftwaffe in 1962 after winning the 1953 NATO light tactical support aircraft competition. This competition had called for a fighter which could carry 452 kg of ordnance, patrol a combat radius of 180 km assuming 10 mins over the target, average cruising speed of at least 705 km/h and Mach 0.95 capability. It also had to be fully operational on grass or other types of unprepared runways, with a take-off distance of 1,100 m. The R/3 was the Luftwaffe's version of the G.91, but with more powerful armament, two wing points for suspended ordnance and better avionics than the Italian Air Force's R/1s. Fifty R/3s were built in Italy starting in 1959 and another 294 were license-built in West Germany. The Luftwaffe also received another 50 of the very similar R/4 aircraft after orders for Greece and Turkey fell through. The Luftwaffe also had 66 T-3 two-seat trainer models built of which twenty-two were built in Germany.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|LNOcqRDgo9M|'''"Fun And Frustrating /// G.91 R/3 War Thunder 1.91 Review"''' by ''DEFYN''|hD5YJdWrAWE|'''"Fiat G91R/3 - A Better Version of the Same Bird"''' by ''WhooptieDo''}}

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/794191/en/ Skin: Fiat G.91R/3 99+03 of the German Luftwaffe serving in the JABOG 33 - by

_Invincible'']''

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/859462/en/ Skin: Historical G.91 R/3 32+92 of the Waffenschule der Luftwaffe 50 (WaSLw50), 1968 by

Magicool'']''

== See also ==


* [[F-86A-5|F-86A-5 Sabre]] - combat role predecessor
* [[La-15]] and [[Yak-30]] - similar flight style
* [[G.91 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/363988-fiat-g91-discussion-thread/ WT Forum: Fiat G.91 discussion thread]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_G.91 en.wikipedia entry]


{{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

P-47D-28

2020-01-12T11:49:45Z

U65587690: /* Flight Performance */ - Engine power value fix

{{Specs-Card
|code=p-47d-28
|cockpit=334569/1111205
}}
{{About
| about = American strike fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = P-47 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American strike fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in Update 1.33.

The Thunderbolt was originally designed for high altitude bomber escort role, but due to a limited range, it was not very successful on the European theatre of operations where it couldn't escort the bombers all the way to their target. The newer P-51B/C and later P-51D fitted with a Merlin engine turned out to be a much better long range, high altitude escort fighter, and the P-47 was relegated to other duties. Due to the Thunderbolt's large size and strong construction, the aircraft was well suited for carrying large amounts of air-to-ground ordnance and was often used in ground attack role against small targets that level bombers could not reliably hit, such as bridges.

In War Thunder, much like in real life, all Thunderbolt variants have tremendous potential as a high altitude fighter, but can also be used very effectively as ground attack aircraft, thanks to their impressive payload capacity. When fighting against enemy aircraft, boom and zoom tactics are a must, never try to dogfight with the 'Jug'. When diving on a target, if you don't secure the kill, don't try to turn and finish him, use the speed you built in the dive and climb up, circle around and do it all again. Don't be afraid to go head-on; you have a radial engine and eight x fifty-calibre machine guns.

Except for having a different propeller, and (as of patch 1.77) 70" HG of boost, there are very few differences between the [[P-47D-25|P-47D-'''25''']] and D-28. The D-25 uses a Hamilton Standard Hydromatic 13 ft. 7/8 in. diameter propeller, while the D-28 uses a Curtiss Electric "sleeved" propeller with 13 ft diameter. Despite a popular misconception that the D-28 uses a "paddle-blade" propeller while the D-25 doesn't, both were actually called "paddle-blade" propellers and offered virtually identical performance. The origin of this misconception is that the early Thunderbolt variants used a smaller Curtiss Electric propeller with only 12 ft. 2 in. diameter, which proved insufficient for the R-2800 engine's power output. Larger propellers were needed to transform more engine power into thrust, giving the Thunderbolt a boost in climb rate and acceleration. These propellers were used starting from the Thunderbolt D-series manufacturing block 22 (P-47D-22) and the main distinction between these propellers was simply that aircraft manufactured on Republic's Evansville plant received the new Curtiss Electric propellers, while the Long Island manufacturing facility used Hamilton Standard propellers.

Compared to the D-25, the D-28 variant offers the M10 Bazookas as an additional armament option, although it's better to use the HVAR rockets as it is far more destructive than the bazookas.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,114 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 660 || 653 || 12,500 || 26.6 || 27.2 || 5.4 || 7.2 || 700
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,114 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 733 || 695 || 12,500 || 23.4 || 25.0 || 18.0 || 10.6 || 700
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 885 || 450 || 520 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 380 || < 452 || < 450 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 7,350 m ||2,390 hp||2,727 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured. Describe the armour, if there is any, also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Suspended armaments}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 8 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, wing-mounted (425 rpg = 3400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|HVAR|M8}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinances:

* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs + 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (2,500 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs + 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (2,500 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 3 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets
* 6 x M8 rockets
* 6 x M8 rockets + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

Always maintain speed. The P-47 handles like a dream at about 350-400 mph (563-643 km/h), but once it gets to >220 mph it handles as a pig dipped in mud. One great thing about the handling at high speed, though, is that the P-47 responds quickly at high speeds, and this allows some impressive defensive scissoring without losing wings at terminal velocity. The high-wing loading is an issue, though, as the Jug will lose most of its energy in a blackout turn. This does endow the Jug with one key feature- it is a rock-solid gun platform.

Unfortunately, zoom-climbing and dive acceleration are not the "Jug's" forte. The BF-109 has a superior dive acceleration, and the Fw 190 can zoom-climb far faster. Still, the energy retention of the P-47 is great, along with the fact that it flies far faster than both the Würger and Messerschmitt. The P-47 is NOT A TURN-FIGHTER. Although it is possible to out-turn a heavy fighter like the BF-110 C or Do 217, it is not recommended- the acceleration is mediocre, and once a P-47 is a sitting duck, it will be swarmed like flies to fruit in a compost pile. Acrobatic pilots will not be impressed by the P-47 as well, because it performs Immelmans very sluggishly and the roll rate is not magnificent as well.

Durability, as mentioned above, is pretty good. As in WW2 itself, the P-47 was renowned for its rugged construction. In War Thunder, the biggest weak point of the P-47 is its engine and wings. The wings can break fairly easily in manoeuvres at speeds around ~ 675.9 kph or so. They also tend to break after a well-placed cannon burst (from planes like the FW-190, A6M2/3). The engine though is also fairly susceptible to catching fire while chasing a bomber, but this is not due to its durability but to its size. Speaking of fire, the P-47D will be heavily damaged by the time it pulls itself out of a fire. One should immediately try to limp home if set aflame.

Performance of the P-47 at altitude is very good, but once you go above about 9,000 meters (~30,000 feet, its critical altitude), any energy lost will have to be regained by diving and losing altitude. Even though the D-28 now gets 70" boost (which is significantly more than the D-25), it still will have some troubles accelerating and climbing. Keep in mind that this boost is only achieved on WEP, although on military power it still has 65" of boost.

When used skillfully, the tracer rounds can be used to "derp", because of the high calibre (for a machine gun) and fire rate, tracers can be absolutely terrifying to anyone attacked by them. However, due to the "scare" effect and low takedown capabilities, the tracers have limited practical use.
=====Modes=====
'''Arcade''': In Arcade, the P-47 can make the most of its capability. In Arcade, engine overheating is not a problem and the "Jug" can get an air start. Keep WEP on automatic, and climb as high as possible. Watch out for Spitfires, Focke-Wulfs, and Bf 109s, which have the capability to climb as high and as quickly as the P-47. Once a height of around 4,000 - 5,000 m is reached (bomber level), go for the bombers. If rockets are equipped, expend them against the bombers. Then initiate the tactics seen in "Shredding Planes". You CAN stay at altitude and prey on any high-flying prey. Beware, the Fw 190 will be your competitor as well.

'''Realistic''': In realistic, one has to be much more careful with how he/she uses the P-47. On takeoff, climb to as high as possible before an engine overheat. If Radiator is installed overheating will still be a problem, but not nearly as bad a one as a stock P-47 will be. If overheating does occur, pull the throttle to around 80% and do a slow climb away from the enemy. Once high enough, attack high-altitude marauders or use BnZ. In high-speed dives (BnZ), make sure not to make "blackout" turns, because the "Jug" will rip its wings, even though it has fantastic durability. Keep in mind the fact that the plane will respond more sluggishly in Realistic- one should not try to be an acrobat.

'''Simulator''': The "Jug" is one of the best planes available for SB. Not only is the only fighter with a full-blown "bubble canopy" to provide a great view, but it also has full high-calibre machine gun armament, which is invaluable for beginners. The machine guns are very forgiving due to easy adjustment, high rate of fire, and large ammunition capacity. Take advantage of the high durability, as well. Other than that the physics of the "Jug" are identical to RB.

In RB and SB one has to be precise with the ordnance. It is recommended to use the P-47 almost like a dive bomber to have the best accuracy possible.

=====Armament tips=====
'''''Offensive guns''''' 
The 8 Browning M2 Machine Guns pack a great punch when used correctly. Long bursts are the forte of the guns, not conservative bursts that one would normally use on a cannon-armed fighter (Fw 190). One should also make the most of the low calibre by using stealth (the tracers are a waste, as the machine guns do not require as much firing accuracy as cannon- you can spray those M2s!), or belts such as Ground Targets, as wing spars were nerfed in Patch 1.69, as well as AP being buffed. Fire from about .8-1.2 km at max. The M2s are very accurate and have a minimal drop, so long range harassing fire can be quite effective. However, depending on one's pilot aiming skills and his/her own, it may be better to fire from around .3-.5 km. Firing closer to the target is also very advantageous in Boom & Zoom because the high dive speed and inability low turn rate (if the opponent manoeuvers)- one does not want to lose a kill by firing from too far behind and then diving past his/her prey because one's opponent simply turned. The high burst mass output (4.44 kg, compared to the 5.17 kg of the Beaufighter) combined with the high ammunition capacity and accurate and straight-firing M2s make the P-47 one of the deadliest opponents in the 3.7-4.7 BR range.

The ammunition capacity is pretty good, but do not expect it to last for too long (they are MGs, after all). Therefore, do not just aim for the body of any plane. Try to aim for the wings and possibly tail. These are weak points that can result in relatively quick kills. The MGs can rip control surfaces off of any foe quickly, and are extremely effective against the wings of opponents.

'''''Payloads''''' 
The P-47 is one of the most famous WWII ground attack planes- no wonder it was named the "Jug"! In War Thunder, the load it can carry is frightfully large- 3 large bombs (2 1000 lb, 1 500 lb) and a max of 10 HVAR rockets. Indeed, the P-47 is better equipped than an [[A-20G-25|A-20]], which is still largely used even in BR 3-4 battles. Thus, a P-47 can be vital to a Ground-Strike mission. Its speed, combined with climb rate and durability make it a great attacker on its own.

Like mentioned above, the P-47 Thunderbolt's 8 M2 Brownings make pretty effective strafing weapons if used properly. When equipped with Ground-Attack ammunition, they can effectively take out most "Soft" targets, (light pillboxes, etc.).

The D-28 has two different rocket types to choose from: Bazookas and High-Velocity-Attack-Rockets. The latter is simply far superior to the former, as currently, the Bazookas do not have their HEAT warhead modelled.

In full maximum payload, the Jug is difficult to take off in or to handle. With three bombs + ten rockets dive bombing attacks are nigh impossible to manage from low altitudes, especially if one intends to keep the second bomb drop (2 x 1,000 lb). For combined forces, it is therefore suggested to only equip 2 x 1,000+ 10 x HVAR and ignore the 500 lb for superior speed and handling.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

Planes that the P-47 will face will be between the 3.7 and 5.7 BR range. Depending on what planes one equips, one can expect planes like the [[Fw 190 A-1]] to the [[Fw 190 A-4]], [[Bf 109 F-1]] to the [[Bf 109 F-4|F-4]].

====Counter-tactics====

Try to climb above the Jug. It does not climb well enough to remain on par with most planes, as it is very heavy. The Jug is bad at vertical manoeuvres so you can try using those (be careful, as he can still prop-hang you). The Jug is also not very good at low-to-medium speed manoeuvres, although, again, BE CAREFUL. The Jug is surprisingly manoeuvrable for such a large plane, especially when its flaps are extended.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
| FMBC mk.1
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| FRC mk.2
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
| Rocket Launcher M10
|-
| IV
| G-Suit
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
| FLBC mk.1
|-
|}

* Climb rate and acceleration is a big issue for the stock P-47D. Focus on ''Compressor'', ''Engine'', ''Wing repairs'' and ''Engine Injection'' first. During this performance focused grind, you can additionally research ''Offensive 12.7 mm '' and the various payload modules to unlock the higher tiers for the better performance upgrades.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great at diving and Boom & Zoom
* Impressive firepower
* Impressive payloads
* Great engine performance above 6,000 m
* Fantastic gun platform- the 2 "quartets" of M2s are extremely accurate and in many cases as powerful as cannon
* Great high-speed handling
* Fantastic top speed in level flight
* Fantastic ground attack capability
* Good scissoring capability
* Great durability
* Great cockpit visibility
* Cools rapidly and can WEP for a long duration of time without overheating
* Has 20 Mins of ADI
* Currently running 70" of boost, almost as high as P-47M, P-47N

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible turning radius at low altitude
* Mediocre climb performance (but fully spaded you can reach 20m/s at 15*)
* Engine prone to being set on fire
* Poor low-speed handling
* Large target
* Engine can overheat quickly if you constantly use WEP
* Machine guns are mounted very far apart

== History ==

Developed by Republic Aviation, the main role of the P-47 Thunderbolt was as a bomber escort, at high altitude the 'Jug' could contend with the latest from the Luftwaffe. The design was to also include much better protection for the pilot by having increased armour around the cockpit; however, this increased its weight substantially. It was the first American fighter to receive more than the standard 6 x .50 calibre M2 Browning machine guns, with a total of 8 all together, making it the most powerful Allied aircraft in terms of firepower at the time. Thanks to its rugged design, the Thunderbolt was able to take a considerable beating, more so than other allied aircraft and with its sturdy airframe and large engine. The 'Jug' quickly took on the role of ground attack, able to arm itself with 2,500 lbs of bombs and rockets. All in all, the Thunderbolt was one of the most successful allied aircraft during the war, even with the introduction of the faster and more nimble P-51 Mustang, later modifications of the Thunderbolt would go on to see action in the later part of the Pacific Campaign against the Imperial Japanese Navy.

A total of 750 D-28 model P-47s were built. The aircraft is very similar to the [[P-47D-25]] except for one primary difference. This model introduced the Curtiss Electric 13ft paddle-blade propeller. The addition of this larger propeller helped cure the P-47's issues of low altitude climbing by converting more power from the enormous R-2800 engine into thrust.

=== In-game description ===
"Republic P-47D-28 Thunderbolt single-engine army heavy escort fighter/fighter-bomber

A single-seat, all-metal monoplane with an enclosed cockpit and retractable landing gear. It was designed in the design bureau of the Republic Aviation Corporation under the direction of Alexander Kartveli, a Russian immigrant of Georgian origin. The first flight of the XP-47B prototype took place in May 1941. Full-scale production began in March 1942.

Beginning in September 1942, fighters of the P-47D variant began to leave the factory floor. They featured 2,000 hp Pratt & Whitney R-2800-21 eighteen-cylinder, air-cooled engines, with a water mixture injected into the cylinders under augmented rating conditions and with an improved turbosupercharger.

The armament of all batches of P-47Ds included eight 12.7 mm Colt-Browning M2.5 machine guns (425 rounds each) located in the wing panels.

Bombs of up to 500 lb could be suspended from the ventral pylon of the earlier P-47Ds. Extra wing pylons designed for two 1,000 lb bombs were fitted on subsequent batches of P-47Ds. The plane's maximum bomb capacity could reach 2,500 lb (1,130 kg). The wing-mounted bomb racks were ""wet"", meaning that they were connected to the fuel lines and that external fuel tanks could be suspended from them.

Beginning with the P-47D-20 batch, the Thunderbolts had a higher tail skid to reduce aerodynamic resistance during takeoff, plus a Pratt & Whitney R-2800-59 Double Wasp engine whose rated power was 2,000 hp but which could reach 2,300 hp in short-term emergency conditions. The aerodynamic configuration of the underwing pylons was improved. This P-47D batch was the first to lack any paint. Due to absolute supremacy of the Allies' aircraft in the air, camouflage patterns were considered unnecessary, as they impaired aircraft performance characteristics.

Beginning with the P-47D-25 batch, the Thunderbolts obtained a new drop-shaped cockpit canopy with no framing, which significantly improved visibility to the upper side of the plane's rear. However, the reduced height of the fuselage spine fairing behind the pilot's cockpit slightly impaired the aircraft's longitudinal stability, so Thunderbolts were equipped with a small dorsal fin fairing beginning with the P-47D-27 batch.

The D-27 batch was soon followed by the D-28 batch, which became one of the most widely produced. 750 aircraft were manufactured at the factory in Farmingdale, and 1,028 in Evansville. D-28-RA aircraft built in Evansville and adapted to fly under the conditions of the Pacific theatre of war had their Hamilton Standard Hydromatic 24E50 propellers replaced with a different type of propeller, the Curtiss-Electric C54E50-A114, which had a smaller diameter. The shape of the propeller's spinner was also changed. Due to the new propeller, the aircraft was lengthened by 100 mm, and its maximum height with its tail up was increased by 20 mm. A number of changes were introduced into the hydraulic system, and the plane's radio equipment was improved, with an advanced radio compass installed. The two outermost machine guns were often removed in the field to improve the fighter's manoeuvrability characteristics. This happened quite often and was beneficial in most cases.

Aircraft of the D-28-RA batch built in Evansville were used in the Pacific quite sparingly, due to the lack of airfields with runways of appropriate length. The Thunderbolts became deeply involved in the Pacific only after the appearance of the N version, which was specially designed for the Pacific theatre of war."

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Republic}}
{{USA fighters}}

Me 410 B-6/R3

2019-11-18T16:03:18Z

U65587690: Simplified and updated pros and cons

{{Specs-Card|code=me-410b-6_r3}}
{{About
| about = German twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Me 410 (Family)
}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_Me_410_B-6_R3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This aircraft has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
[[File:Cockpit_Me410.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Me 410's instrument panel.]]
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,900 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|598|| 582 || {{Specs|ceiling}} ||32.2|| 33.2 ||8.1|| 8.1 || 520
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,900 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|644||620|| {{Specs|ceiling}} ||29.9||31.0||14.0||10.8||520
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} ||480|| ~9 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 360 || < 360 || < 460 || > 265
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,750 m || 3,120 hp || 3,551 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 8 mm steel - front of cockpit (either side of the glass)
* 5 mm steel - wings leading edge (in front of fuel tanks)
* 8 mm steel - prop hub and gear bay
* 9 mm steel - top and bottoms of wings (around the liquid cooling system
* 8 mm steel - plates in the tail
* 8 mm steel - bulkhead aft of gunner
* 8 mm steel - between gunner and pilot
* 12 mm steel - pilot's headrest
* 60 mm bulletproof glass - in front of the pilot (inside aircraft)

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MK 103 (30 mm)}}
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm MK 103 cannon, chin-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon, fuselage-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|MG 131 (13 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 13 mm MG 131 machine gun, 2 x beam turret (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Me 410 B-6/R3, unlike its predecessors, has two 30 mm cannons in addition to the regular 20 mm cannons found on any Me 410. However, the 7.92 mm machine guns have been removed from the aircraft. With the 30 mm ammunition belts modification, the 30 mm cannons combined with HVAP-T belts make short work of light pillboxes, light and medium tanks, and even heavy tanks if hit on the side or back. Due to this, your primary goal should be unlocking the (Tier III) 30 mm ammunition belts.

The ''"Hornisse"'' is most well suited for bomber hunting due to its heavy armament. The aircraft can even use BnZ tactics against other aircraft, provided there is enough altitude. If you are planning to do aerial combat, be sure to side climb, as the 410's climb rate is far from superior to the Spitfires and Bearcats you will face. It is also equipped with airbrakes, which is quite unusual for an aircraft of its size and role. As with any plane, it is inadvisable to attack a bomber by sitting on its tail. It is advisable that you key-bind the 20 mm and 30 mm cannons separately if you are going for the CAS role it is well-suited for. Binding different buttons to fire the cannons separately can conserve a lot of ammo, as you can discriminate between which calibre to use when going after heavily-armoured or lightly-armoured targets. When choosing to go for the role of an interceptor, it is important (though you do not need too) that you cue the 30 mm and 20 mm together, as it will make much more of a difference in the 1-3 seconds worth of a good deflection.

===Radars===
{{main|FuG 202}}
The Me 410 B-6/R3 is equipped with a [[FuG 202]] search radar, located in the nose of the aircraft; a control box which is part of the radar damage model is located behind the pilot.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | [[FuG 202]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 4,000 m || 4,000 m || ±30° || ±30°
|-
|}

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" |Combined|| rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
|Turret 13 mm
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 13 mm MGs (turret)
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| Offensive 20 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 30 mm cannons
| New 20 mm cannons
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has radar access
* Has powerful arnament
* Has air brakes
* Has slats - good low speed maneuverability
* Can fly on one engine
* Has an air start
*Has good flaps

'''Cons:'''

* Large target
* Limited pilot protection, will often die in head-on
* Rate of climb is imparing
* Enters compressibility all too often when reaching 350 mph (563 km/h)
* Lacks effective ground attack without 30 mm HVAP
* No payload options
* Below mediocre maneuverabilty, especially roll rate
* Tends to pitch up when extending flaps, can be deadly while landing

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
"In addition to the main Me.410B modifications, a number of special-purpose variants of the Hornet were created for maritime operations. The anti-ship Me.410B-6/R3 modification was equipped with a FuG 200 Hohentwiel patrol radar system and a suspended WB 103 container with two 30 mm Rheinmetall-Borsig MK 103 cannons.

Also, several Me.410B-2/U3 planes received a FuG 200 radar, with the nose-mounted 13 mm Rheinmetall-Borsig MG 13 machine guns removed.

The Me.410B-5 maritime attack aircraft, with glide bombs (BT-Körper) as its main weapon, was to become the most significant Me.410 variation for sea operations. The bombs could only be suspended externally: two 400 kg BT 400s under the fuselage or up to six 200 kg BT 200s (two bombs under the fuselage and four under the wings). The aircraft was equipped with a FuG 200 radar and two 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 cannons. The 13 mm Rheinmetall-Borsig MG 131 machine guns, both in the nose section and in the remote-controlled FDL 131 mobile mounts, were removed. The bomb bay was not used as a bomb bay and instead had an extra 650-litre fuel tank mounted inside. Instead of BT bombs, the Me.410B-5 could carry a 900 kg LT5b aerial torpedo, a 760 kg LT5i, or a 1,800 kg SC 1800 bomb. When a SC 1800 was included, the fuel tank was removed from the bomb bay.

Other types of anti-ship weapons were also tested on the Me.410B-5, such as the 800 kg SB 800RS bouncing bomb or the 1,000 kg SB 1000/400 bomb, with a decreased diameter designed to reduce drag. The bomb was stabilized by a braking parachute upon its being dropped.

In May 1943, the first Me.410s appeared in the front line in Tunisia. In June 1943, the Hornets took part in raids over Britain. Beginning in April 1944, they were used by the German Air Defence Force.

Although the Me.410 was superior to the Bf 110 in its performance characteristics, most of all in its speed and flight range, it was inferior as far as versatility was concerned. The Me.410's production was discontinued in September 1944. By this time, 1,160 machines were built in all versions, including bombers and scouts. It should be noted that some aircraft were redesigned Me.210s whose construction had not yet been completed."

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany twin-engine fighters}}