War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

M19A1

2021-08-24T05:16:11Z

U65357558: /* Pros and cons */ Added "Exposed Ammo Rack" to Cons as it is can be a large con towards the vehicle, as it can be ammo racked with ease

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m19
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first vehicles to be released with the US ground forces in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. Armed with dual-mounted 40 mm Bofors guns, the {{PAGENAME}} provides a substantial firepower upgrade over the standard .50 cal machine guns and 37 mm autocannon used in its predecessors [[M16 MGMC]] and [[M15A1 CGMC]].

As a SPAA, stay behind and close to your teammates and outside of your enemies' view and range while keeping a clear line of sight to the horizon for low-flying aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 12.7 mm (59°) ''Upper glacis'' 12.7 mm (45°) ''Lower glacis'' || 12.7 mm (11°) || 12.7 mm || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun shield - lower part'' 12.7 mm (spherical) ''Gun shield - upper part'' || 8 mm (cylindrical) 8 + 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret base'' || 8 mm (cylindrical) 8 + 12.7 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret base''
!
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.

The {{PAGENAME}} is so lightly armoured that it is very vulnerable to nearby ammorack detonations, bomb blasts and even heavy MG fire can reliably penetrate the vehicle from beyond 1,000 m.
As the {{PAGENAME}} has an open-topped turret, gun servants are also very exposed to MG fire, artillery strikes and plane strafings.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 420|rbMinHp= 262}}

As a light vehicle, the {{PAGENAME}} is agile. While it has a high top speed, the acceleration is quite slow: expect a cruise speed around 40 km/h instead. The reverse speed is very high, allowing you to pull out of dangerous situations quickly. The lack of neutral steering makes turning on the spot slow (3 km/h): make sure to build a little speed before turning and you'll turn faster (7 km/h). If you need to quickly turn your hull on the spot towards flanking enemies, privilege the reverse gear (-6 km/h).

The offroad mobility is good: the {{PAGENAME}} reaches 17 km/h when fording, 19 km/h when driving uphill with some speed built-up and a mere 12 km/h uphill from a stop start. The wide tracks combined to the light weight of the vehicle grant the {{PAGENAME}} a good mobility on hard (solid ground, roads) and soft terrain (mud, snow, sand). Light obstacles (fences and bushes) are not a problem but medium to large obstacles (posts, trees, concrete blocks and parked vehicles) will reduce your mobility: avoid them.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Bofors (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 352 (8) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 35.2 || 48.8 || 59.2 || 65.5 || 69.7 || rowspan="2" | 0.65 || rowspan="2" | 0.58 || rowspan="2" | 0.53 || rowspan="2" | 0.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

The 40 mm Bofors gun stays reliably accurate until 1,000 m distance. Beyond 1,500 m the loss of accuracy becomes a real handicap.
The shortness of the gun is mitigated by the high rate of fire and the fact that targeted aircraft are bigger than an average ground vehicle. Your ideal engagement window is between 1,000 and 1,500 m for aircraft. The high muzzle velocity of your shells grants you pretty flat firing trajectories and thus helps fire at fast-moving targets from a distance. As your shells weigh the same, your different belts offer the same firing arc.

The turret traverse speed is very high, allowing you to track any aircraft flying right by you. The gun elevation is also very good, almost allowing vertical fire. The depression angle is poor but not often used. The recoil is minimal and barely impacts your targeting. The reload time between clips is very short: under 1 second. While lacking a stabilizer, the M19 still can reliably fire on the move at targets under 700 m distance.

The gun overheats after in 20 seconds of uninterrupted fire and is forced into a cooldown phase of 10 seconds during which you can't shoot.
To keep the gun from overheating, privilege firing by bursts instead of continuous fire with small pauses between shots. The overheating is displayed in-game by 4 red quadrants around your sight gradually filling up as you gun temperature rises. Always keep it from reaching the 3rd quadrant.

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - The belt composition means that 50% of the shells (HEFI-T*) are useless against tanks. However, this belt is reliable against open-topped or lightly armoured targets like SPAA vehicles as well as against planes.

* '''Mk.II:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}} - This belt does little damage against armoured targets and should be used especially against aircraft or open-topped vehicles. The high-explosive filler is deadly to crew members.

* '''M81A1:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}} - This belt offers decent damage against lightly armoured tanks, especially at close range. While the damage effects post-penetration can be quite poor, the rapid fire from the autocannon can remedy this problem by following up quickly with another penetrating shot. In close combat, these shells should be used against modules and crew member to make the most of each shell.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || AP-T/HEFI-T* || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30
|-
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
| M81A1 || AP-T || 72 || 69 || 58 || 47 || 38 || 30
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Mk.II || HEFI-T* || 874 || 0.86 || 0 || 0.1 || 63 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M81A1 || AP-T || 874 || 0.88 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''44''' || 22 ''(+22)'' || 20 ''(+24)'' || 18 ''(+26)'' || 17 ''(+27)'' || 15 ''(+29)'' || 13 ''(+31)'' || 12 ''(+32)'' || 10 ''(+34)'' || 8 ''(+36)'' || 7 ''(+37)'' || 5 ''(+39)'' || 3 ''(+41)'' || 2 ''(+42)'' || Yes
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Notes''':

* The visual discrepancy concerns racks and clips: racks are modeled to contain 5 clips while clips are modeled to contain 5 rounds.
* The game however shoots 8 rounds per clip and racks disappear after varying amounts of rounds have been shot. Example: rack 2 to 13 are the same size (25 rounds) but some disappear after 2 clips were fired (16 rounds), some others disappear only after 1 clip (8 rounds) has been fired.
* No rack is emptied before you have fired 21 clips out of 44.

== Usage in battles ==

With the Dual 40 mm Bofors the M19 has an excellent weapon against [[:Category:Bombers|bombers]] and [[:Category:Attackers|armoured attackers]]. The ammo is limited though, so reserve the fire for certain hits. Against fighters, the same tactic should be applied.

Compared to certain other SPAAs ([[ZSU-37]], [[Wirbelwind]], [[M13 MGMC|Multiple Gun Motor Carriage M13]], etc.), the M19 cannot be used as effectively in an anti-vehicle role, so stay behind your allies and watch the skies for enemy aircraft. If contact with ground targets is inevitable however, aiming for a targets' cannon barrel or tracks is a valid option. If flanking is available, take the opportunity and load some shells into their sides or rear. However be very careful, your crew members are exposed to machine gun fire and can easily be knocked out. This is a problem especially if it's coming from enemy aircraft, as they can also easily kill your crew. So take caution if using the M19 in an anti-vehicle role.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Heavy anti-air firepower
* Powerful 40 mm HE shells, can decimate/critically damage aircraft
* Good mobility

'''Cons:'''

* Open top, exposing loaders and gunners
* Compared to other SPAA at the same rank, poor anti-vehicle performance
* Little armour
* Decreased mobility off-road
* Exposed ammo rack

== History ==

===Development===
The development of this vehicle began from the T65 project. The T65 was classified as the ''40 mm Gun Motor Carriage T65'' and was based off the chassis of the [[M5A1|M5 Stuart]] as requested by US Army Armored Force for a light anti-aircraft vehicle. The T65 was a successful vehicle and went on for about 1,000 units produced, however, it stopped because the production line for the Stuart chassis was phased out as well. As a replacement, the Armored Force peered into the new light tank entering production, the [[M24|M24 Chaffee]], as the basis of their new light anti-aircraft vehicle. This project was called the ''T65E1'' and was being developed at the same time with the M24 (still in development as the T24). The layout for the T65E1 on the new chassis was similar to the one used with Stuart's chassis, with the gun turret at the rear and engine at the middle, and only a few changes were made like changing the original vertical gun shield into an angular one.

The T65E1 was accepted in May 1944 and designated as the '''Twin Gun Motor Carriage M19'''. An order of 904 of these vehicles was sent to Cadillac, but production didn't start until August and the factory was only able to make 285 units before the war ended due to diversion in parts to creating full M24 Chaffees. An upgrade made during its production life was designated the '''M19A1''' and had an auxiliary engine and generator to operate the 40 mm cannons in case the main engine is disabled, plus an extra compartment to hold two spare barrels for the gun should they be damaged or overheated.

===Combat usage===
The M19 TGMCs that were produced were sent to Europe and used by the US Army. However, by the time the M19 was available for use, the German Luftwaffe had been decimated by the Allied air superiority, thus the M19 use as an anti-aircraft gun has been diminished greatly. The M19, like its many anti-aircraft vehicle designs made before it, found great service as an assault gun, where its 40 mm twin cannons can deliver much more firepower than its predecessors with either only .50 calibre machine guns ([[M16 MGMC|M16 MGMC]]), or a 37 mm autocannon ([[M15A1 CGMC|M15 CGMC]]). The M19 was never exported to America's allies in the Lend-Lease Act, and not even after the war with the Military Aid Program. Despite that, the M19 still saw use in America up to the Korean War for nearly the same purposes it was given for in World War II as a ground support weapon. It was used as a defensive turret against charging North Korean and Chinese forces when they try to overrun infantry positions, to which it served with devastating effect. Its effect against enemy aircraft is dubious during the war.

When the M24 Chaffee and its chassis derivatives were finally phased out of service in 1956 for newer tanks in production, the M19 was no exception. However, the M19 40 mm turrets were removed from the chassis and was simply put onto the next light tank chassis that was to take over the role the M24 Chaffee was built for. This light tank was the [[M41A1|M41 Walker Bulldog]] and the M19 turret-mounted chassis was named the [[M42|M42 Duster]].

=== In-game description ===
Combat experience in 1941-1942 showed that the troops needed a mobile anti-aircraft system capable of escorting mechanized columns and protecting against enemy aircraft. Development of the new vehicle began in 1942. The first prototype of the T65 self-propelled artillery piece was created using the M5A1 light tank chassis, though it was replaced during trials with the M24 light tank's more modern version.

The hull's nose section was home to the transmission and the driver's compartment, in which the driver (left) and commander (right) were located. The roof of the driver's compartment had hatches and periscopes, while the engine was located in the center section. The battle compartment was in the rear section, on the roof of which was an open-air turret system mounted in the front with two electrically fired 40 mm Bofors automatic cannons. The turret was rotated using a manually operated electrohydraulic actuator. Ammunition included high-explosive and incendiary rounds, while the crew was armed with two 11.43 mm Thompson submachine guns and four 7.62 mm carbines.

By September 1945 Cadillac and Masse-Harris had produced 285 (300 by other calculations) units, and by the end of 1945 they had begun to join tank divisions. They saw combat in the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The primary goal of the M19 was to fight off land targets, something they were good at through the entire campaign, and they remained in the US army until 1956.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_m19 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} on live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Vf4Ty9grnEg|'''M19 Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|4ZWGcJAhe78|'''How to destroy tanks with low penetrating shells?''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[M24 (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[M42 Duster (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/694|[Development] Steel Generals: M19]]
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/724|[Development] Developers about the M19]]
* [[wikipedia:M19_Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage|[Wikipedia] M19 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage]]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=323 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> M19 Gun Motor Carriage (M19 Twin 40mm)]

{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Sagittario 2

2021-08-09T04:06:13Z

U65357558: /* Pros and cons */ Added "Repair cost removes incentive to play", as the quite high repair cost can make the too undesireable to players with no SL to spare, or not willing to lose large amounts of currency every death

{{Specs-Card
|code=sagittario_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Sagittario 2 has great manoeuvrability, at its battle rating and even above it, there won't be many aircraft that can match your speed, rate of climb, or energy retention. Whilst playing the Sagittario 2, you are able to do amazing manoeuvres that the enemy team could only dream of doing. Due to this, an experienced player in this aircraft can become quite a dangerous opponent. The max altitude of the Sagittario 2 is 11,000 metres, thanks to its rate of climb, you should be able to reach it at the beginning of the match with minimal effort required. One other great thing is how easily you can pull Gs with it, use it to your advantage and you should rack up quite a few eliminations.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,005 || 978 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.0 || 25.6 || 36.6 || 34.7 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,085 || 1,050 || 23.5 || 24.0 || 54.5 || 45.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,125  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~12 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 600 || < 550 || < 610 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Derwent 9 || 1
| colspan="2" | 2,405 kg || colspan="3" | 227 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 580 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 2,686 kg || 2,946 kg || 3,216 kg || 3,341 kg || 5,641 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,536 kgf || N/A
| 0.57 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.46 || 0.27
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,536 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.57 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.46 || 0.27
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 40 mm bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 6.5 mm steel - Behind pilot's seat

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano HS 825 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm Hispano HS 825 cannons, nose-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)

== Usage in battles ==


Using the Sagittario 2 is quite straightforward, it's an aircraft that nearly anyone can pick up and do fairly well in. This is mainly due to its amazing flight performance, which when compared with the majority of aircraft you'll face at your battle rating, make this vehicle quite fun to use. The best way to play the Sagittario 2 is to climb as high as you can, and use boom and zoom tactics. This is highly effective mainly due to the powerful 30 mm HS 825 cannons that the Sagittario has access to. When you've descended, you're still a really good dog-fighter so you are able to perform quite a lot of manoeuvres that many aircraft are not able to pull off. Make sure you always consider that during engagements, especially because the aircraft can easily pull G's without too much punishment towards the player controlling it. Keep in mind, if you want to take advantage of its speed and manoeuvrability, you will have to keep the aircraft as light as possibile, meaning bringing the minimal amount of fuel. This to some may seem like a disadvantage, but it's most likely the most effective way to get eliminations with the vehicle as it allows the aircraft to remain fast and nimble. Do keep in mind that if you decide not to bring a lot of fuel, you won't be in the battle as long, so make sure to make every second count.

Another thing that people may claim is a disadvantage is the low ammo count; although this is true, doesn't mean the vehicle suffers. The HS 825 cannons are extremely deadly, they have a very high muzzle velocity, which paired up with the hard hitting 30 mm cannons, means that the majority of enemy aircraft you'll face will be destroyed after a small barrage of your main weapon. One of the other many advantages of the Sagittario 2 is its high speed, it can go up to 1,050 km/h in realistic battles. The Sagittario 2 can also work at low altitude, as an AI ground pounder, the main cannons it has access to are just as effective at taking out ground AI targets as they are at taking down air targets. This can be very effective as you can easily take advantage of your speed at the beginning of the match to slip past undetected by enemy aircraft. You could also use this to surprise enemies by flanking them once they've flown past you, unaware that you're actually able to go behind them.

The Sagittario 2 does not have access to any countermeasures so keep that in mind if you choose to bring it in ground RB. Its cannons are enough to easily make make short work for the majority of lightly armoured ground vehicles, such as IFVs and SPAAs. Considering it doesn't have any payload options such as rockets or bombs, you'll have to entirely rely on your main cannons, and that also goes for air vehicles, as you don't have access to air-to-air missiles. It is not recommended to land on short runways, it should be avoided or risk crashing at the end. This also applies for Arcade battles, overall in the Sagittario 2, try at all times to take advantage of your abilities, as its the best way to come on top in duels, and win the match.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extremely agile, able to outturn most aircraft
* Relatively high top speed for its BR
* 2 x hard hitting 30 mm cannons are excellent at taking down other aircraft
* The HS 825 cannons have a very high muzzle velocity (1,050 m/s)

'''Cons:'''

* Limited ammunition capacity, only 120 rpg
* No payload options
* The only available belt is 100% tracers, no armour-piercing ammo
* Repair cost removes incentive to play

== History ==


The story of the Sagittario 2 began roughly around the 1950's, during the cold war. The aircraft would be designed by Sergio Stefanutti, who was one of the most original and innovative Italian aeronautical designers. In fact in 1939 he produced the S.S.4 that was the first fighter in the world to fly with canard lifting surfaces and forward landing gear.

During the Second World War he was involved in the construction of the "Light fighter", fast and well-armed, which was able to compete with those in its class, equal in weight, dimensions and even greater in power, which couldn't be mass-produced because of the unfavorable conclusion of the conflict. His work as a designer also continued into the 1940s and 1950s, when, despite the destruction of the war, the Italian aviation industry was still showing its strength, proposing numerous new types of aircraft for both the internal and international market.

Eventually, he'd come up with The Aerfer "Sagittario II" (Sagittarius II), the light jet fighter with arrow wings. It was the first Italian supersonic jet fighter, designed and produced at the beginning of the 1950s by Sergio Stefanutti and was a logical development on the light fighters previously built for SAI Ambrosini. The Sagittario 2 was actually a development of previous Stefanutti designs, originally based of a pre-war piston-engine aircraft meant for racing.

Eventually, after a few shortcomings which included some issues with the jet engine, the Sagittario was born. There were a lot of advancements made during the development of the Sagittario, but sadly whilst conducting tests, it was quickly learned about certain defects of the aircraft, one of them being discovered after landing.

To keep it simple, when the aircraft utiliste its breaks to stop. The weight of the engine placed in the bow gave the aircraft a tendency to rotate with the nose low down, making impact with the ground and an ensuing somersault of the aircraft a possible and dangerous outcome.
[[File:Saggitario 2 (1) History.png|thumb|Sagittario 2 during tests in airfield]]
At the beginning of 1953, while the prototype of the "Sagittario", obtained by modifying the SAI S.7, was still being subjected to flying tests and was giving its first positive results, the "Sagittario II" was created on the drawing boards of SAI Ambrosini. The main difference between the Sagittario 2 and the previous Sagittario 1 would be the fact that the new aircraft would be built entirely with metal and propelled by a jet engine with a much greater thrust. The Sagittario 2's engine would be a Rolls-Royce Derwent 9, which allowed the Sagittario 2 to reach speeds of over 1000km an hour.

As mentioned previously it was the first Italian supersonic jet Italy would have produced. In September 1953, while the planning continued, the Aeronautica Militare Italiana (Italian Air force), which financed the work on the aircraft making use of the funds made available by the United States, under the aegis of the M.D.A.P. programs of mutual assistance to the NATO countries, decided that its construction, more complex than that of the previous Sagittario I, would be entrusted to the Neapolitan Company Aerfer. Aerfer had been previously known for in the aeronautical field by making some parts for the Republic F-84 G "Thunderjet" jet fighter-bombers. In addition, they offered maintenance for certain US made aircraft stationed in Europe.
[[File:Sagittario 2 (2) History.png|thumb|Sagittario 2 ]]
After a lot of discussion, eventually an agreement was would be made between the SAI Ambrosini and Aerfer for the transfer of the preliminary project and the rights to produce Stefanutti's new light fighter under licence, so that it would be given the new complete name Aerfer-Ambrosini S. "Sagittario II". The Italian air-force would order a total of 2 prototypes, and would make them undergo a series of intense tests. Part of the tests would focus on the armament, speaking of which, the Sagittario 2 was armed with a Hispano-Suiza 825 cannon.

It would hold up to 120 rounds per cannon, they fired bullets that were 113mm long and 30mm in diameter. The bullets had a total weight of 360 grams. The reason the cannons would actually be as powerful as they were was due to the ammunition being 40% larger than the bullets of the same caliber used by the other small Western cannons then in production. As an example, the French DEFA used a 275 gram bullet, and the British Aden used 220 gram bullet.

That paired up with its amazing muzzle velocity would guarantee a very hard-hitting weapon, which rest assured, would be able to completely destroy a lot of aircraft with just a short burst. Overall, the Sagittario 2 would be a very promising vehicle, it didn't get picked up by the Italian air force, but was was learnt from the Sagittario 2 would be later re-used on a later project by Aerfer, called the Aerfer Ariete, a modified Sagittario 2 with a more powerful engine.

=== [[wt:en/news/7191-development-aerfer-sagittario-2-the-legacy-continues-en|Devblog]] ===
In the early 1950's, Italian aircraft designers began work on developing a jet aircraft on the basis of a successful pre-war piston-engine race plane, initially with the goal of constructing a pure technology demonstrator. This aircraft - named Sagittario - took to the skies in January 1953, displaying promising performance.

Convinced of the aircraft's potential, the aircraft designers continued work and developed the design further into the Sagittario 2. The new aircraft featured an improved design, a significantly more powerful jet engine and comparably heavy armament for an aircraft of its time. Two prototypes of the Sagittario 2 were built and test flown in 1956.

However, despite its state-of-the-art design and excellent performance, the Sagittario 2 faced many problems during development as its manufacturer - Aerfer - struggled to allocate enough resources into its development. As a result, the aircraft had a drawn out development period which meant that newer aircraft were entering service while the Sagittario 2 was still being tested. Because of this, the Sagittario 2 would fail to enter production as the procurement of the more promising Fiat G.91 was right around the corner.

While not getting past prototype stage, the Sagittario 2 would serve as a basis for the subsequent development of another jet fighter prototype.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7191-development-aerfer-sagittario-2-the-legacy-continues-en|[Devblog] Aerfer Sagittario 2: The Legacy Continues]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/526650-sagittario-ii/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Aerfer}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

Ki-67-I otsu

2021-01-19T09:17:58Z

U65357558: I added a plane in "Enemies worth noting", detailing how the SM.91 may be a feared opponent in downtiers

{{About
| about = Japanese bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Ki-67-I Ko
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki_67_1_otsu
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. The Ki-67 otsu excels in many roles in which other Japanese bombers fail to live up to. This is one of the most formidable medium bombers out there, as it is fast, has great defensive capabilities, can mount a wide array of bombs and torpedoes, and has really good survivability. The Ki-67 otsu has a wide variety of roles, but its main role is actually a frontline bomber, as it can destroy Pillboxes and other high value ground units. Its payload isn't designed to target bases, so it is advisable to target individual ground targets. The Ki-67 otsu differs from the previous model, the Ki-67 Ko, in rear of the aircraft. The Ki-67 otsu has a double tail gun configuration, giving it more defensive capabilities.

[[File:Ki67-in-flight.png|thumb|Ki-67 in flight]]
[[File:Ki67-bombing.png|thumb|Ki-67 dropping bombs]]

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}
The flight performance of this plane is extremely smooth. The Ki-67 can turn really well for a bomber. It has a high rip speed of around 650kph. It has excellent acceleration and speed as well, so it can outrun some pursuing fighters. The Ki-67 otsu performs identically to the Ki-67 Ko. It is also important to note that this aircraft is equipped with radial engines, which won't overheat under the WEP setting.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,150 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 483 || 466 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.0 || 31.8 || 10.0 || 10.0 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
! Upgraded
| 528 || 502 || 29.0 || 30.0 || 16.0 || 12.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 450 || 450 || 250 || ~4 || ~1
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 360 || < 360 || > 313
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,200 m || 1,810 hp || 1,973 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,800 m || 1,610 hp || 1,755 hp
|-
|}

[[File:Ki67-in-formation.png|thumb|Ki-67s in formation]]

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 70 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 12.7 mm steel plate in the nose - protecting pilots
* 15.8 mm steel plate pilot seat
* 15.8 mm steel plate in mid fuselage - protecting dorsal gunner
* 7.9 mm steel plate in tail (belly only)
* Self sealing fuel tanks (in wings and mid fuselage)

The Ki-67 is one of the most sturdy Japanese aircraft in War Thunder. It has self sealing fuel tanks. It can take lots of punishment from .50 caliber rounds. However, when facing aircraft with cannons, it will quickly fall prey to HE rounds unless you take immediate evasive action.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}
[[File:Ki67-front-view.png|thumb|Ki67 running away from a pursuing P-51]]
{{main|Army Type 94 GPHE (50 kg)|Army Type 94 GPHE (100 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (250 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (500 kg)|Type 91 Mod.3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 15 x 50 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (750 kg total)
* 8 x 100 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (800 kg total)
* 3 x 250 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bombs (750 kg total)
* 1 x Type 91 Mod.3 torpedo
* 1 x 500 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bomb (500 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Ho-5 army (20 mm)|Ho-104 army (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm Ho-5 army cannon, dorsal turret (500 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Ho-104 army machine gun, nose turret (550 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Ho-104 army machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (500 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Ho-104 army machine guns, turret (700 rpg + 500 rpg = 1,200 total)

== Usage in battles ==
[[File:Ki67-bomb-bay.png|thumb|The Ki-67's bomb bay]]
The Ki-67 can be used in air arcade battles to an excellent extent. In Arcade Battles, it can use its bombs to effectively destroy many ground units, playing an important role in ticket count. To start, take the eight one-hundred kilogram bombs and dive to the deck. Stay away from the main group of fighters, as it is advisable to stay on the outside of the map to avoid fighter confrontation. Next, bomb any ground targets you see. Tanks and Pillboxes are killable only with direct hits, so use the maneuverability of this bomber to drop your bombs with precision. Do not drop bombs on bases, as your payload is not as big as that of Heavy bombers.

In Air RB, the Ki-67 otsu does well in the ground attack role, but due to limited bombs, you'll need to make frequent trips back to the base. The strategy here is to target Pillboxes and medium tanks with the 250 kilogram bombs. Remember to set a three to two second fuse on those bombs!! To start, you'll need to head in for an attack run as fast as possible. Dive towards the ground targets and line up with the Pillboxes. After dropping your four bombs, immediately return to the base, as enemy fighters will be closing in on you. Staying low is critical, as other fighters that dive in on you can be dragged lower to allow for allied interception. However, on certain Pacif Maps, you'll need to take torpedoes. To effectively destroy the ships, you'll need to chose a target. At the start of the battle, note if your allies have equipped torpedoes. If no allies are present, head for the destroyers. They take one torpedo to kill. If multiple allies with torpedoes are present, communicate with your team to target the carriers. They are the most rewarding target to kill.
[[File:Ki67-dorsal-turret.png|thumb|Ki-67's top gunner]]
'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* P-47 - The P-47 will be a major threat to this plane, as it is practically immune to your defensive guns. It will unleash eight fifty calls on your aircraft and make short work of you. To deal with this plane, turn. You can out-turn the P-47 and it will most likely disengage.
* Fw-190 - Same strategy as the P-47. You need to turn and evade the Mine-shells, while shooting at it.
* SM. 91 - During a downtier, the SM.91 is an opponent worth fearing as its six 20mm cannons with the legendary German Minengeschoß (mine-shells) round will easily tear through your plane at most angles. To avoid the SM.91 try climbing to a suitable altitude and gaining speed early on, as the SM.91's acceleration at high speeds is quite sluggish. Out-turning the SM.91 is also a viable option as its large design makes turning quite slow.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Combined || rowspan="2" | Controllable 2 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}
The Ki-67 is equipped with two powerful radial engines. They also come with a two-stage supercharger. The propeller pitch should be used at 90%-100% when on WEP. Lower the propeller pitch to 90% when at high speeds. The radiators can be kept at 10-20%, and the supercharger can be activated at 3.5 km (11k ft), and the mixture can be set to the following at each specific altitude:

* Sea Level: 100%-110% Mixture
* 3000 feet: 92% Mixture
* 6000 feet: 84% Mixture
* 1000 feet: 70% Mixture
* 15000 feet: 60% Mixture

[[File:Ki67-flyby.png|thumb|Ki-67 underside]]

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

*Regular Japanese torpedo as option
**Torpedo has the highest drop speed in the game at 350 mph (580 km/h) and is one of the most feared torpedoes in Naval Battles
* Good armor protection for pilot
* Decent Rate of turn time for bombers ({{Annotation|29 s|Arcade Battles}} | {{Annotation|30 s|Realistic Battles}})
* Decent Rate of climb for bombers ({{Annotation|16 m/s|Arcade Battles}} | {{Annotation|12.5 m/s|Realistic Battles}})

'''Cons:'''

* Regular Japanese army bomber ordnance
** Max weight of 800 kg (8 x 100 kg)
** Heaviest bomb choice is a singular 500 kg
* Big target for naval battles
** Japanese Aerial torpedoes have the shortest range of all aerial torpedoes
* Poor armor protection for back gunners

[[File:Ki67-top-gun.png|thumb|Ki-67 top rotary turret fires]]

== History ==
The Ki-67 was used for level bombing and torpedo bombing (it could carry one torpedo attached under the fuselage). The Ki-67 was initially used by the Japanese Army and Navy Air Services against the US 3rd Fleet during its strikes against Formosa and the Ryukyu Islands. It was later used at Okinawa, in Mainland China, French Indochina, Karafuto and against B-29 airfields in Saipan and Tinian. One special ground-strike version used in the Giretsu missions was a Ki-67 I with three remote-control 20 mm cannons angled at 30° for firing toward the ground, a 20 mm cannon in the tail, 13.2 mm (.51 in) Type 3 machine guns in the lateral and upper positions, and more fuel capacity. Even with more fuel, the Giretsu missions were one-way only because of the long range. In the last stages of World War II, special attack versions of the Ki-67 (the I KAI and Sakura-dan models) were used in kamikaze missions. (References include information from Lt. Sgt. Seiji Moriyama, a crew member in Fugaku Special Attack Unit, who witnessed Ki-67's being converted into To-Gō suicide planes with two 800 kg/1,760 lb bombs during Okinawa operations.)

By the end of World War II, 767 Ki-67s had been produced. Other sources relate that 698 Ki-67's were manufactured, excluded the KAI and Sakura-dan conversions.
[[File:Ki67-side-turret.png|thumb]]

== Media ==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIqtu3uKws4 Ki-67: European Canadian]

== See also ==
Ki-67 family

* [[Ki-109]] Ground Attacker
* [[Ki-67-I Ko|Ki-67 Ko]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Mitsubishi}}
{{Japan bombers}}