War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Grant I (USA)

2019-06-07T17:49:02Z

U63805183: Said the American Grant can't be purchased but as of Update 1.89 it currently is for golden eagles

{{Specs-Card|code=us_mk1_grant}}
{{About
| about = American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the version in the British tree
| link = Grant I (Great Britain)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_GrantI.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]] in the initial batch of US vehicles available at launch. It is a modified version of the [[M3 Lee|M3 Lee]] in the American medium tree line with a redesigned turret made for the British Army. It is currently available for purchase with Golden Eagles in the American tech tree.

The Grant is most well recognized for its tall profile and two cannons. The suspension resembles that of the [[M4|M4 Sherman]], the only notable difference being the return rollers' positions. The hull front is also stepped into two plates, where the upper is closer to vertical. The large sponson on the right side carries the main 75 mm gun; note that with 2 crew, it is the operational gun. The 37 mm gun is in a turret, mounted with a leftward offset. Its main notable difference from the M3 Lee is a redesigned turret.

Due to the presence of two cannons, this tank is an excellent multi-role vehicle. The Grant can be played it as a brawler combining the agile 37 mm gun with the high damage of the 75 mm gun, but don't get too close, in fact, the turreted gun has a bad depression and, combined with the high profile, tends to make close tanks difficult to hit. Note that the different guns can be assigned different keys to be separately used, so it is possible to select the 75 mm as a primary weapon, allowing the optics to accommodate the 75 mm shells (and not from the point of view of the 37mm gun) and use the bullet drop indicator in [[:Category:Game_modes|arcade battles]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38.1 mm (54°) ''Front Glacis'' 50.8 mm (15-55°) ''Transmission area'' 50.8 mm (30°) ''Driver port'' 38.1 mm (0-57°) ''Hull gun mount'' || 38.1 mm (0-22°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm ''Bottom'' || 38.1 mm (1-14°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm (15-53°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 76.2 mm (1-57°) ''Turret front'' 38.1 mm (1-69°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (7-45°) || 50.8 mm (1-35°) || 38.1 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 50.8 mm || 38.1 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Hull doors and vision ports are 38.1 mm thick.
* Turret ring is 50.8 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 27.9 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 43 (AB)
|-
|39 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|620
|763
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|354
|400
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|22.22
|27.35
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|12.69
|14.34
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M5 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M5 (37 mm)|37 mm M5]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 128 || -7°/+60° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 10.70 || 14.80 || 18.00 || 19.90 || 21.20
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 10.70 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 78 || 76 || 65 || 54 || 44 || 37
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 78 || 76 || 65 || 54 || 44 || 37
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_M3Lee.png|right|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the M3 Lee|300px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''128''' || 122 ''(+6)'' || 104 ''(+24)'' || 86 ''(+42)'' || 69 ''(+59)''|| 52 ''(+76)''|| 35 ''(+93)'' || 18 ''(+110)'' || 1 ''(+127)'' || Yes
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|M2 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M2 (75 mm)|75 mm M2]]
|-
! colspan="6" | ''Hull mount''
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 65 || -9°/+20° || ±15° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert Qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace Qualif.
|-
| 6.50 || 5.75 || 5.30 || 5.00
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 96 || 95 || 81 || 66 || 54 || 45
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| M62 shot || APCBC || 79 || 78 || 72 || 65 || 58 || 52
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 588 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 448 || 6.3 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 666 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M62 shot || APCBC || 588 || 6.8 || 1.2 || 20 || 63.7 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| M89 || 259 || 3 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''65''' || XX || 1 ''(+64)'' || Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

The multiple cannons allow for different combinations of attack. The 75 mm gun possesses armour penetration on about the level of the 37mm gun; however, the damage upon penetration is extremely high with the M61 APCBC shell due to the HE filler. On the other hand, the 37mm gun allows for close quarters and longer-range fighting, where its high-velocity and effective shell make for good long range targeting while it is also the only cannon on the Grant that has a full 360-degree traverse.

Different guns mean different styles of play. The Grant can be played as a tank destroyer, using its sponson gun to take shots at medium range and its 37mm to cover the flanks and make longer range snipe shots. The Grant can also be used as an assault tank, quickly advancing on points while switching between the powerful 75mm gun and the faster-firing 37mm. In all game modes, the two gun profiles should be assigned to different keys, this will allow players to aim using the sights of the three guns separately, allowing the usage of the individual optics to actually hit things at range.

Being at BR 2.7, the Grant I has the possibility of facing long-barrelled [[Pz.III J1|Pz.Kpfw. III]], and [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV]], as well as [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]]s, and (rarely) the [[Chi-Nu II]]. The [[ZiS-30]] is also very deadly, as its gun is competitive even at 5.7. The 75 mm gun can reliable penetrate all of these tanks at short range (save the T-34), whereas the 37 mm will require some particular shot placement.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Ability to use two guns: a 37 mm and a 75 mm - which is very powerful at this rank.
* Fine frontal armour.
* Side mounted 75 mm gives the ability for some unique tactics.
* Despite the tall profile, the "wedding cake" design of the turret has thick sloped armour, providing extra protection to make up for its height.

'''Cons:'''

* Tall profile, big target
* Side mounted gun - as much it is an advantage, it is a disadvantage too 
* Slow traverse speeds make it easy for a light or a particularly speedy medium tank to sneak around the sides.

== History ==

===Development===
After the development of the [[M2|M2 medium tank]], the Battle of France showed that such a tank was not going to be capable to go against the German [[Pz.III F|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]]. With the Western Allies now embroiled in the North African campaign against the Germans and Italians, the Allies needed a good tank capable of going against the Panzer tanks, and they needed it quickly.

The [[M3 Lee|'''M3 Lee''']] tank started from the basis of the M2 Medium Tank, using the chassis and the VVSS suspension system. It was to mount the 75 mm cannon, however, it was discovered that the United States does not have a turret design that can mount the 75 mm gun. So as development on the turret proceeded, the 75 mm on the M3 Lee would be a sponson mounted. This design was tested on the M2 medium tank as the ''T5E2'', which was approved for the M3 Lee design. The M3 Lee featured a medium tank with two guns, the 75 mm on the hull sponson mount, and a 37 mm with a coaxial machine gun on a turret, a cupola on the turret had its own machine gun. The use of two gun mounts on a tank was similar to the German [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]] and Soviet [[T-35]] tanks. The M3 Lee's 75 mm gun, however, presented a huge advantage over contemporary tank armaments, the 75 mm could fire high-explosive rounds for against infantry, yet could fire a shell with a high enough velocity for anti-tank purposes.

The M3 Lee's faults were the high profile and the sponson mount for its armament. The M3 Lee was 10 ft. 3 in. tall, a foot taller than the M2 medium tank. The 75 mm on a sponson mount meant that the main armament of the tank had a limited traverse compared to a rotatable turret and forced the tank to reveal much of its body in order to aim the gun at the enemy. The M3 Lee was also constructed out of rivets (which increased spalling) and had a smooth track design which reduced ground traction. Despite these disadvantages, the Allies happily accepted them as they were critically low on tanks, and German Colonel Hans von Luck considered them superior to the [[Pz.IV E|Panzer IV]]s.

The initial batch of M3 Lees was given to the British for their campaign at North Africa. The British experience with the M3 Lee pointed out most of the M3 Lee's flaws, but they were concerned with the lack of radio in the turret and a lacking in armour, with which they modified the M3 Lee to accommodate. The new design had a new cast turret with room for radio, the hull had thicker armour, and the turret cupola's machine gun was removed for a simple hatch. The modified M3 Lee also required one less crew member due to the radio now being in the turret for the commander rather than for a radio operator. The British ordered 1,250 of these modified M3 medium tanks.

On August 1941, production started on the M3 Lee, though the armour was thicker than initials batches of the tank due to its combat experiences. A majority of these were completed at Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Of the total 6,258 M3s built between startup to the end of production in December 1942, 2,855 units went to the British and 1,386 went to the Soviet Union. Other users of the M3 Lee were the Australians and Indians in the Pacific Theater. The M3 Lee arriving in British arsenal caused confusion as the same "M3" designation was given to the [[M3 Stuart|M3 Light Tank]]. This set off the tradition of naming American tanks after generals, where the M3 medium tank earned the ''Lee'' for the Americans ('''Grant''' for the British variant) and the M3 light tank earned the ''Stuart''.

===Combat usage===
Combat experience with the M3 Lee was complicated but favourable. In Africa, the Lees and Grants in British and American service surprised the German forces when they could withstand the 50 mm KwK 38 L/42 gun and 75 mm KwK 37 L/24 howitzer armament on the Panzer IIIs and Panzer IVs. The M3 Lee proved reliable and adequate in armour protection. The Soviet's experience with the M3 Lee was less favourable, as their [[T-34 (1941)|T-34 tanks]] were much better in combat performance. The Soviets euphemistically called it a "grave for six men" and the Lee tanks were relegated to the secondary fronts or repurposed as armoured personnel carriers. In the Pacific, the M3 Lees were lent to the Australians and Indians, which proved vastly superior to the Japanese tanks in service. The only American use of the M3 Lee at the Pacific Theater was during the Battle of Makin Island.

The M3 Lee served fine as a stop-gap solution for the American tank development. They performed very well on the combat field and proved very reliable. However, once a 75 mm turret was finally designed, the M3 Lee was redesigned to use it, and the resulting tank was the [[M4|M4 Sherman]], which will go on to replace the M3 tanks in the Allies as they are withdrawn from service. Even if it wasn't, the M3 was becoming obsolete due to newer German tanks being deployed, such as the [[Panther D|Panther]], [[Tiger_H1|Tiger I]], or improvement of old chassis like [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV Ausf. G]] and [[StuG III F|StuG III Ausf. F]]. Its obsolescence was a consequence of its own rather unique development and anachronistic design, limiting this medium tank's service life to a mere two years in Allied hands. However, it lived on until the end of WW2 in some modifications such as tractor and recovery vehicle. The chassis and running gear were adapted by the Canadians to develop their [[M4A5|''Ram'' medium tank]].

===An anecdote===

::"The 75 (mm gun) is firing. The 37 (mm gun) is firing, but it is traversed around the wrong way. The Browning (machine gun) is jammed. I am saying ‘Driver advance’ on the A set and the driver, who can’t hear me, is reversing. And as I look over the top of the turret and see twelve enemy tanks fifty yards away, someone hands me a cheese sandwich.” —''British Lieutenant Ken Giles, tank commander of a M3 Grant''<ref name="GrantAnecdote">Bell, Chris. "Fury: All You Need to Know about Life in a Tank." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 24 Oct. 2014. Web. 12 Jan. 2017. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11167575/Fury-all-you-need-to-know-about-life-in-a-tank.html></ref>

=== In-game description ===
The bitter taste left in the mouth of British builders after battles in Greece and France forced them to take a hard look at the future of their armor. They did not have a single powerful artillery system of their own, though the US at the time had just begun producing their new M3 Lee and its sponson-mounted 75 mm cannon.

After evaluating the American-made M3, the British decided that it would primarily be used in North Africa. A major invasion was planned for 1941, and so the Americans were asked to develop a new and elongated cast turret with a bustle at the back for a British Wireless Set No. 19. Periscopes were added on each side closer to the back in addition to slots from which to fire personal weapons. The cupola was unneeded and removed, being replaced by a short addition with a folding hatch in front of an antenna output. In total, the turret became 30 mm shorter, reducing the tank's profile. The M3 modification for the British was designated the Grant Mk I.

The first contracts with Baldwin, Lima, and Pullman were signed at the end of 1940, with deliveries totaling 1,685 units beginning six months later.

The Grant Mk I saw action in North Africa from 1942 to 1943 with varying success. Crew members reported that the German Pz.II and Pz.III tanks shot their armor-piercing shells from a distance of 1,100 meters. The Mk I was not as maneuverable as its German counterparts, and its side armor could not sustain hits from 50 mm tank cannons. Further, 88 mm anti-tank guns easily pierced its armor, while the high silhouette made long-range targeting easier.

The British Grant Mk Is saw limited action in the 1943 invasion of Sicily.

== Media ==

*[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#Grant Skins and camouflages for the Grant Mk.I from live.warthunder.com.]

[[File:M3Lee + Grant.jpg|x300px|thumb|none|The [[M3 Lee]] (right) and M3 Grant (left) in the North Africa Theater.]]

{{Youtube-gallery|5XbdErI74vQ|Bovington Tank Museum Tank Chats: M3 Grant}}

==References==
<references />

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

''ETC.''

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA medium tanks}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

Tiger E

2019-03-02T02:18:22Z

U63805183: minor edits

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_TigerE.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''Pz.Kpfw. VI Ausf. E''' (or '''Tiger E''') is a Rank III German heavy tank with a battle rating of 5.7. It was introduced in [[Update_1.47_"Big_Guns"|Update 1.47 - "Big Guns"]]. The Tiger E is the late production model of the Tiger I featuring steel road wheels and ''Zimmerit'' paste on the armour. The Tiger E also introduces the more powerful APCR ammunition for the 88 mm KwK 36 gun.

The Tiger E is an improved variant of the previous [[Tiger H1|Tiger H1]], featuring a few small enhancements to its protection, firepower and mobility.

While the hull armour is largely unchanged, turret armour has been improved a bit - the large, flat commander's cupola has been replaced by a much smaller, angled variant. The turret roof armour has been increased to 40 mm (historically as a reaction to increasing numbers of Allied attack planes) and the gun mantlet is slightly more durable with a 140 mm thick armour plate on the area that used to be the weakest part. Spare tracks now cover the entire lower front glacis.

Firepower-wise, the Tiger E gains the access to the new '''PzGr 40 APCR''' ammunition, with penetration of up to 200 mm at average combat ranges. Lastly, in mobility-specifications, the Tiger E is powered by a slightly more powerful engine (700 HP, H1 has 650 HP).

It is easily differentiated from the Tiger H1 by its Zimmerit anti-mine coating.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

[[File:TigerIHTank Armour Angling.png|right|thumbnail|The ideal angling of hull armour on Tiger I for maximum effective armour all-around|300px]]
'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour
*Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 102 mm (9°) ''Front plate'' 62 mm (80°) ''Front glacis'' 102 + 30 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis''|| 82 mm ''Top'' 62 mm ''Bottom''|| 82 mm (9°)|| 26 mm
|-
| Turret || 100 mm ''Turret front'' 90 - 200 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 82 mm || 82 mm || 40 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 80 mm || 40 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

*Commander's cupola is smaller and nicely rounded for better protection compared to [[Tiger H1|Tiger H1]].
*Almost entire frontal lower plate is covered by attached tracks, adding 30 mm of armour.
*Turret front covered by gun mantlet has variable thickness depending on exact place, ranging from 90 to 200 mm of armour.
*Lower side hull armour is only 62 mm thick, exploitable when flanking the Tiger, or when facing them angled.
*Parts of the turret side armour are covered by attached tracks, adding additional 30 mm of armour.
*On paper, the best angle is roughly 38.8° with armour all-round being from the front 130mm.

One may feel the need to charge head-on into battle, blaring that 88 mm gun as shells bounce off the front armour while the ''Schachtellaufwerk'' suspension system runs over the ground; this is a short-lived strategy.

The Tiger I should be played more as a bulky medium tank rather than a heavy tank despite its status, supporting allies from the sideline or from a distance rather than leading directly from the front. This is due to the poor armour arrangement with its "boxy" features, providing no sloping benefits alone. One must remain a distance, exploit the 88 mm long-distance power, and maintain a diamond-shape compound angling to maximize armour thickness against the trailing enemy shells that will inevitably come towards the Tiger's way.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 57.3 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 48 (AB)
|-
|45 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|904
|1,113
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|619
|700
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|15.78
|19.42
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|10.80
|12.22
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|KwK 36 (88 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[KwK 36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK 36]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 92 || -8°/+16° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 8.3 || 11.5 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 8.3 || 9.8 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 9.60 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| PzGr 39 || APCBC || 165 || 162 || 151 || 138 || 126 || 116
|-
| Pzgr. || APCBC || 146 || 145 || 128 || 118 || 104 || 100
|-
| Sprgr || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| Hl.Gr 39 || HEAT || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 220 || 219 || 200 || 179 || 160 || 143
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| PzGr 39 || APCBC || 773 || 10 || 0.8 || 28 || 108.8 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Pzgr. || APCBC || 810 || 9.5 || 0.8 || 28 || 285.6 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Sprgr || HE || 820 || 9 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 698 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Hl.Gr 39 || HEAT || 600 || 7.6 || 0.0 || 0.3 || 1,100 || +0° || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 1000 || 7.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}

=====Shell types=====

* '''PzGr 39''' You should stick with this type of shell as it's the best. It will do incredible damage to any tank you encounter, except SPAA, AA guns, or AI artillery. You may struggle with some heavier tanks like the IS-1, IS-2, or American heavy tanks at long ranges, but well placed shots from close range or sides will do the job; all other medium and light tanks will be history as soon as this shell make a contact with them. This shell, however, will almost always over-penetrate all but the most armoured SPAA vehicles, so it is best to use HE or machine gun fire.
* '''PzGr ''' This shell is also very useful. It has very similiar characteristics as PzGr 39, but sacrifices some penetration for about 50% more Explosive Filler, meaning even more damage than already powerful PzGr 39. It is recommended to carry some of these shells and use them regularly, as the penetration is still enough to deal with most targets (at least when being top rank), and switch to PzGr 39 when shooting targets far away, or those that are heavily armoured.
* '''Hl.Gr. 39''' On paper the HEAT rounds don't bring anything new to the table, however they can be used as a substitute for the HE shells due to the greater explosive mass and still gives you a fighting chance if you get caught with your pants down.
* '''PzGr 40''' As the APCR round for the gun, this will give you the greater edge needed to take out heavily protected tanks at the cost of post-penetration damage.
* '''Sprgr. 39''' The HE shell is completely ineffective against all but SPAA or the AI artillery on the Kursk and Ash River maps, and the machine gun mounted on the Tiger has proven quite capable of dealing with these. Keep a small supply of this shell on hand if you plan to flank the enemy and take out their SPAA or artillery, but avoid them for everything else.

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks TigerE.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the Tiger E.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''92''' || 77 ''(+15)'' || 61 ''(+31)'' || 45 ''(+47)'' || 29 ''(+63)'' || 25 ''(+67)'' || 21 ''(+71)'' || 17 ''(+75)'' || 13 ''(+79)'' || 7 ''(+85)'' || 1 ''(+91)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

Large sides empty: 29 ''(+63)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG 34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MG 34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG 34]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 2,350 (150) || 900 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 2,000 (150) || 900 || -20°/+50° || ±45°
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

The main role of the ''Tiger'' tank was to eliminate enemy tanks at a far range, similar to behaving like a sniping tank, or a Tank Destroyer. Nonetheless the Tiger can excel at brawling with other tanks at medium, even possibly against two [[Panther D|Panther]] tanks to close range and escape undamaged. It's recommended to not stay in one place for too long or risk getting outflanked, spotted, or bombed.

While guns like the Soviet [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm]] cannon can easily penetrate the Tiger at close range, the Tiger can stay nearly invulnerable at long range. The 88 can take out any tank on Rank 3 at any combat range, but may have problems with the [[IS-1]]'s 120 mm front amour at some ranges. When having to close in a bit it is generally advisable to angle the hull to the sides by about 30°, improving the armour rating enough that it can keep away 85mm shells very well, even at closer ranges. The Tiger is still vulnerable to the [[SU-152|SU-152s]] howitzer and its HE shell at any range. So whenever encountering these heavy-caliber vehicles, it should be prioritized and eliminated first.

'''Mobility'''-wise the Tiger is pretty good for a heavy tank. It is much faster than a [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]] and about as equally fast as the [[IS-1]], although medium tanks like the [[T-34-85]] can easily outmaneuver all three at close range. Try to use the Tiger's mobility to keep a distance rather than for closing in on a target. Don't be afraid to use the speed to fall back if necessary as the Tiger cannot survive close range engagements on open terrain vs. mediums, due to the slow turret and the vulnerability to the 85mm guns on Soviet medium tanks.

The Tiger E has a better turret traverse than the H1, but the same precaution of managing a lower than average turret traverse should be taken into consideration. It is still recommended to get the ''Turret Drive'' traverse modification as fast as possible. Even then, the Tiger will have to turn the tank in the direction of the traverse to make the most of the time to quickly engage a target. This, together with very exposed ammo racks on both sides (though one side can be emptied by reducing the ammo stowage) means that facing multiple enemies at once is almost a certain end to the Tiger tank. The best option is to take cover from one tank and fire on the other.

As far as ammo is concerned, the default ''PzGr 39'' will be the standard AP rounds many players will use. The second AP round available, the ''Pzgr.'', is also a good round to use against the enemy as the shell contains more explosive filler than the default, but suffers from a lower penetration value compared to the ''PzGr 39''. The HEAT rounds only offer more penetration at extreme ranges (>2000m) and do less damage upon penetration, so it should just be omitted from the Tiger's combat load. The best upgrade for the Tiger I E would be the ''PzGr 40'' APCR ammunition now available to the tank, a necessary ammunition to fight the heavier vehicles in the Rank IV area, so always bring a few just in case. Upgrading the tank should mainly be dedicated to turret traverse, hull traverse (as this is needed even with the turret traverse upgrade) and engine upgrades. The Tiger's 88 has massive destructive power. Unlike the other German tank of it's rank, all armed with 75 mm guns, the Tiger can easily one-shot all the mediums like the T-34s, M4 Shermans, and still be a threat against heavy tanks like the IS-1s. If it doesn't destroy a tank in one hit, most of the enemy crew will be wounded or incapacitated. The best place to aim with the 88 is either at the gunner's side of the enemy turret to incapacitate an enemy's firepower, or between the driver and the gunner which would usually wound or knock out most of the enemy crew at once. Attacking from the side also presents a good shot opportunity, as the best shot placement is right below the turret on the hull where most of the tank ammunition are stored, giving a big chance for an ammo-rack explosion.

When driving the Tiger, plan ahead on where it will drive. Even with engine and track modifications, the Tiger is still a heavy tank and a 90 degree or more turn will almost always mean an immediate standstill as the tank try to make the change in movement. Even small adjustments can knock the speed down a bit. Thus, knowing the terrain and destination is of the utmost importance to preserve its mobility to its fullest extent.

The Tiger is best used on the flanks of the current maps, as these are usually more open and allow good use of its armour and excellent gun. The centre of the map would seem more logical as there are a lot of enemies, but as has already been established a Tiger taking fire from multiple directions won't last long. Going in a flank and taking down light and medium tanks is an easy task for this beast, and thus a flank can be easily secured if the Tiger is driven carefully. Then, work the Tiger into the enemy sides and rear of the main force in the centre, doing much more damage than if the Tiger faced the force head-on because a shot to the side and rear will set most enemies alight if not outright exploding the ammunition. Quickly destroying enemies, the Tiger can quickly jump from target to target and eliminate a good number of enemies in its lifespan. During all this, make sure to always angle the hull armour to maximize longevity.

With a BR of 5.7, the Tiger E faces most of the enemies the Tiger H1 could face, meaning a BR matchmaking range of 4.7-6.7. Many of the enemies in this range could effectively engage the Tiger, like the [[Panther (Disambiguation)|Panther medium tanks]], the [[T-34-85]], and even as high as the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger IIs]].

* [[M26|M26 Pershing]]: The American medium tank has a 90 mm cannon comparable to the 88 mm, plus with sloped 100 mm armour compared to the Tiger's vertical one. However, a clean shot on the center of the front armour when it is not angled can have the 88 mm shell penetrate straight through. The turret front is also a weak point.
* [[T26E1-1|T26E1-1 "Super Pershing"]]: The "Super Pershing" has a 90 mm gun comparable to the 88 mm on the Tiger II, so extra caution must be exercised when on the business end of the gun. The added armour on the Super Pershing compared to the regular Pershing also improves its frontal resistance to shells. However, there is a big weak point on the right side on the front hull, with a large hull cut in the additional armour for the machine gun. A round through here would negate the extra armour and have the 88 mm only deal with the base armour.
* [[T29|T29]]: The T29 is on the same level as the Tiger II and as such outclasses the Tiger I by a large margin. If faced in the front, the only weak points present would be the commander's cupola, the gun optic on the right side of the gun mantlet, and the lower glacis armour. Facing this tank would require use of the APCR or a fancy maneuvering to its side to plant a 88 mm onto its sides.
* Panther [[Panther D|D]], [[Panther A|A]], [[Panther G|G]], [[Panther F|F]]: At standard ranges, the weakest point on the Panther's front is the turret. Aim at the flat areas of the turret such as the bottom sides or straight into the curved gun mantlet. The Panther F presents a smaller turret target with its design, but the larger flat area still makes it a viable target for an 88 mm.
* Tiger II [[Tiger II (P)|(P)]]/[[Tiger II (H)|(H)]]: A menace to the Tiger I, the Tiger II outclasses its predecessor in armour and firepower. The biggest frontal weak point, the turret front, is invulnerable to standard AP rounds from the Tiger I. Thus, an APCR is a must to have a reasonable chance of penetrating the Tiger II from the front. However, if the Tiger I can get a good shot at its side armour, a standard PzGr 39 APCBC round can take it out with ease.
* [[T-34-85]]: The T-34-85 with its 85 mm gun can take out a Tiger very easily if it gets a jump on its flat hull armour. However, an 88 mm shell onto the T-34-85 hull can take it out with ease.
* [[IS-1]]: The IS-1's front hull and turret armour can be penetrated by the 88 mm, but beware of the 85 mm cannon
* [[IS-2]] ([[IS-2 (1944)|1944]]): The IS-2's 122 mm cannon can ''very'' easily deal with the Tiger I with one shot. In the original IS-2 version, the front armour is still the same on the turret and hull so the same advice from the IS-1 applies. However, the 1944 version introduces a new front hull design that makes it impervious. In the 1944 version, aim for the lower glacis armour or the turret cheeks for a penetration.
* [[Centurion Mk 1]]/[[Centurion Mk 3|Mk.3]]: With the heavily sloped frontal armour, strong turret and access to APDS, the Centurion can easily take out a Tiger I at long range. If the enemy could target an ammo rack is, they will easily take out the Tiger in one shot.
* [[FV4202]]: This tank is a huge threat to the Tiger. Its turret has very thick armour and the frontal armour is well sloped. Then there is the gun, the 84 mm 20-pdr gun can penetrate the Tiger I anywhere, particularly with APDS.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

*Has access to APCR Shells.
*Thick frontal armour, bouncy turret.
*Good side and rear armour - tank can be angled effectively even against attackers from the rear.
*Great gun capable of defeating all other [[:Category:Third_rank_ground_vehicles|Rank 3]] vehicles.
*One of the fastest Heavy tanks with its top speed of 45 km/h.
*Lower glacis is covered with tracks.
*Some part of it's gun mantlet is 20 mm thicker.
*Good reverse speed.
*Anti-aircraft mount with MG34 available.
*More engine power and faster turret rotation than it's predecessor.

'''Cons:'''

*Ammo racks offer great targets.
*Slow acceleration and turning speed.
*Low maneuverability, susceptible to being outflanked by more quicker adversaries.
*Armour is weak when not angled.
*Has difficulties when getting uptiered.

== History ==

===Development===
The '''Tiger I''' heavy tank was arguably the most infamous tank of World War II. The design for this tank began as early as January 1937 when Henschel & Sohn worked on a large "breakthrough" called the ''Durchbruchwagen'' that weighed about 30 tons on request by the German military.<ref name="ImagesOfWarTiger">Anthony Tucker-Jones. ''Images Of War Special: Tiger I & Tiger II'' Great Britain: Pen & Sword Military, 2013</ref> The request was modified over time for more armour and better gun that increased the weight to 36 tons, but this project was dropped in 1938 in favor of the better prototypes VK 30.01(H) and VK 36.01(H). These new prototypes were the start of the usage of the ''Schachtellaufwerk'' wheel arrangements, but these also never passed prototype stages and were both cancelled in 1942.

During the development of the prototypes above, the German invasion of France showed that the Allied tanks such as the Somua, Char B1, and [[Matilda Mk II|Matilda II]] were impervious to their current anti-tank weaponry and a need for better armoured and armed tanks were emphasized. So on May 26, 1941, Henschel and Porsche were asked to submit designs for a 45 ton heavy tank that was to be ready for demonstration by June 1942. During their development in June 1941, Germany initiated Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union and was shocked by appearance of the [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] and [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]] tanks that were invulnerable to all but the most potent anti-tank weapon in German inventory, one of which was the [[KwK 36 (88 mm)|88 mm FlaK cannon]]. The potency of the 88 mm cannon against the heavily armoured tanks that the Germans faced had Hitler ordered that the heavy tank design undertaken by Henschel and Porsche to utilize the 88 mm as its main armament instead of a 75 mm cannon.

The designs of the tank was finalized and ready for demonstration on April 20, 1942, Hitler's birthday, and showed the ''VK 45.01(H)'' and the [[VK 45.01 (P)|VK 45.01(P)]]. The demonstration and subsequent evaluations on the two designs determined that the Henschel variant was superior to the Porsche variant, proving more reliable, more mobile, and more easily produced than the Porsche. This caused the Henschel variant to be adopted as the '''Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger''' and production started in August 1942. The Porsche variant had many chassis produced as Ferdinand Porsche thought the design would win, so the chassis were instead used in the [[Ferdinand|Ferdinand]] tank destroyer.

===Design===
What perhaps made the Tiger I so unique in tank development and German doctrine is a change of focus between the three characteristics of the tank; with more emphasis to firepower and armour than to mobility. The Tiger I contained the large [[KwK 36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK 36 cannon]] which was very accurate and powerful, being able to penetrate every Allied armour present at its introduction. The armour on the Tiger I was also one of the greatest at the time, with an astounding 102 mm of armour on the front hull armour, 82 mm on the side superstructure and rear, and 120 mm on the gun mantlet. The armour was vertical faced so no sloping benefits were present like on the [[Panther D|Panther]]. All these armour thicknesses proved invulnerable to most Allied anti-tank weaponry at the time, requiring more creative methods in shot placement to disable the tank. The mobility, while taken with less emphasis in the development, was still respectable at the time as the tank weighed about 57 metric tons, about 20 tons more than other country's main tanks, yet is able to keep up a speed of 38 km/h (Maximum speed was 45 km/h, but an engine governor was installed to preserve the engine life).

The tank utilized a torsion-bar suspension system in a ''Schachtellaufwerk'' overlapping pattern, making the Tiger one of the first German tank design to use the pattern. While the design gave the Tiger I great flotation due to the use of a wider track for lower ground pressure, it had disadvantages in environment and maintenance. In the Eastern Front, mud and other foreign object could be jammed in between the overlapping wheels, which would freeze in the winter and jam the wheels; the overlapping wheels also were a hassle to change out, in order to replace one wheel in the inside of the suspension, it requires the removal of at least nine other wheels in order to access it. The first 250 Tiger tanks used a Maybach V-12 HL210 engine with 650 hp before switching over to the more powerful Maybach V-12 HL230 engine with 700 hp. The engine proved adequate in propelling the tank, but was still considered underpowered for the tank weight.

The Tiger I, as innovative as it is to tank warfare, was a strain on German war production. The tank was over-engineered, taking much more man-hour and materials for its worth as a war machine. Cost-wise, two [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IVs]] or four [[StuG III G|StuG IIIs]] can be built for the cost of one Tiger I. The tank was also expensive to maintain and took lots of fuel to run. These attributed to the low number of only 1,354 Tiger Is produced from 1942 to August 1944.<ref name="ImagesOfWarTiger">Anthony Tucker-Jones. ''Images Of War Special: Tiger I & Tiger II'' Great Britain: Pen & Sword Military, 2013</ref>

===Variants===
There are three main production Tiger I variants known today, the "early-production", "mid-production", and "late-production" models. The ''Early-production'' model was designated as the '''[[Tiger H1|Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. H]]''' the first few batches and is distinguished by its drum-style cupola with over-swinging hatch, the model also had two vehicle lights on the front side of the tank. The ''Mid-production'' featured ''Zimmerit'' paste and a side-swinging cupola with accommodation for a machine gun mounted on the cupola, the vehicle light was also changed to just one placed right in the front of the hull armour. The mid-production was also redesignated in May 1943 as the '''[[Tiger E|Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. E]]'''. ''Late-production'' models featured the removal of the ''Zimmerit'' paste as there was an assumed flaw with it, and the overlapping wheels were instead made into interleaving with full-steel road wheels as well, in a manner similar to the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]].

Other specialized variants of the Tiger I were produced as well. A small number of demolition carrier models were field-made in Italy, where it had its main gun replaced by a crane to carry demolition to clear minefields or destroy obstacles. The demolition carrier version was interpreted by Allied intelligence as a ''BergeTiger'', an armoured recovery vehicle, though it is not known if it ever saw service in this role. Another specialized variant produced in 1944 in some numbers was the ''Sturmtiger'', an heavy assault gun with a 38 cm rocket launcher made from a depth charge. 19 of these were made and saw use in all fronts, though its most noteworthy combat action was in the Warsaw Uprising.

===Combat usage===
In its introduction, Hitler ordered the new Tigers to be used in the Leningrad siege in September 1942. However, as the tanks faults were still not yet fully ironed out at this stage, the mechanical unreliability and the unsuitable terrain caused one of the Tiger Is to be stuck in the swamps and abandoned by its users. This example was then captured by the Red Army and tipped off the Allies of the development of the new Tiger tanks and so developments in countermeasures began. In North Africa, the Tigers saw first action against the Western Allies in Tunisia in December 1942. Its impact there left an impression on the Allied armour forces, but its myth as an invulnerable tank was shattered when two Tigers were taken out by the British [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder anti-tank guns]]. The total loss in that campaign was seven Tigers by February 1943.

Once mass-numbers of Tiger Is were available, they were employed in heavy tank battalions that were to be deployed in breakthrough operations or counter-attacks. Field experience with the Tiger showed that the Tiger's heavy weight proved a nuisance in operational mobility, an example being that small bridges were unable to support the Tiger tank's weight. An attempt to remedy this was to use a snorkel device so the tank could ford rivers as deep as four meters, however this system was phased out of later production models for cost-savings. The Tiger suffered reliability problems in all of its service life that impeded its effectiveness and its high fuel usage limited its combat operations. Armour recovery of the vehicle was also terrible as three heavy recovery half-tracks were required to tow the tank away, causing a strain on the German support line to keep the Tiger tanks in running order. Despite that, the Tiger I proved superior in terms of armour and armament against the Allies and created massive losses among their armoured forces, causing many soldiers to keep an eye out for the infamous "Tigers".

The impact the Tiger had on the battlefield as the superior tank at its introduction created fame to the commanders and crew operating this tank, further fueling the Tiger's reputation in the war as a killing machine. Some Tiger units were able to achieve kill ratios up to 10:1, and some even higher. Some notable Tiger aces known were Kurt Knispel (168 tank kills), Otto Carius (150+), Johannes Bölter (139+), and Michael Wittmann (138).

However, as the war progressed and the impact of the Tiger's surprise in Kursk and Italy has dissolved, Allied developments gave forth more capable tanks able to defeat the Tiger I tanks. The Soviets solution was to upgun their [[T-34 (1942)|T-34s]] with an [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm gun]] to make the [[T-34-85]], and the Western Allies with the [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm]] and [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|17-pounders]] on the [[M4A1 (76) W|M4 Sherman]] and [[Sherman Firefly|Firefly]] respectively.. The Tiger went as an highly-invulnerable tank design into a simple heavy tank as the war went on, and it was replaced by the more powerful and more heavily armoured [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]] in 1944. Despite its replacement, many Tiger I models still saw use up until the end of World War II.

===Survivors===
Due to the low number of Tiger Is made during the war (1354, compared to [[Pz.IV H|Panzer IV]]'s 8,550 and the [[M4|M4 Sherman]]'s ~50,000), very few intact Tiger Is are left in the world. Today, only seven tanks in various conditions exist in the world. The most famous of these is ''Tiger 131'', captured by the British in Tunisia in April 1943. The crew abandoned the tank due to a [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder]] shot from a [[Churchill Mk III|Churchill tank]] jamming the gun mantlet and turret ring, causing it to be unable to aim. This intact tank is also famous for being the only fully operational Tiger I in the world due to a restoration effort by the Bovington Tank Museum in the 1990s. It is still there as a display and remains as the museum's most popular exhibit.

== Media ==
[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23tiger_e '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the Tiger E from live.warthunder.com.]

===Sights===

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/675135/en/ RideR2's Realistic gunsight (TZF4a, TZF 5a/b/d/e/f/f2, TZF 9b/b1/c/d, TZF 12/a) for Pzkpfw II, Pzkpfw III, Pzkpfw IV, Pzkpfw V, Pzkpfw VI]

===Videos===
{{Youtube-gallery|kFQd8TYt6Ew|Bovington Tank Museum Tank Chats: Tiger I}}

==References==
<references />

== Read also ==
[https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/745/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> IL-2 AM-38 1941 and Pz.Kpfw. VI Ausf. E Tiger] 

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany heavy tanks}}

T-26

2019-02-27T00:06:58Z

U63805183: /* Read also */

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_t_26_1940}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_T-26.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''T-26 mod. 1939''' is a Soviet reserve light tank with a battle rating of 1.0. It was introduced in during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41. It is a tiny tank with rather thin armour, but with a heavy hitting [[20-K (45 mm)|45 mm cannon]] that can devastate most enemies at its battle rating.

This is the Soviet starter tank, unlike its German counterpart, the [[Pz.II C|PzKpfw II Ausf.C]], it has a single-shot cannon, that makes it more suitable for ranged engagements. With its poor armour, it is recommended to stay at distance from autocanons and HMGs since they can shred the T-26 pretty easily at any angle. With light armour, average mobility and a good gun for its rank, the T-26 is a frontline support. This is definitively not representative of later Soviet tanks but is a good trainer since it is forgiving and harder to play than later tanks.

'''Mobility:''' 
While being a light tank, its mobility is one of a medium. It will carry you where you want to be, provided you choose your route well and avoid tricky manoeuvres. Reverse speed, while not great (-6 km/h), can save you from some bad situations, provided cover is not too far behind.

'''Armour:''' 
This is definitively the worst characteristic of this vehicle: armour is flat and thin on all sides. Do not expose yourself to enemy fire. Crew placement is not lined up from the front, meaning shells without HE filler can take up to 3 shots before being destroyed. Beware HMG and autocannons.

'''Firepower:''' 
The [[20-K (45 mm)|20-K]] is the typical Soviet rank 1 gun, players should get used to it since it will be your main armament up until rank 2. This gun has a good amount of HE filler, meaning penetrating shells will do good damage, sometimes even one-shot enemies. In longer ranges, shells begin to lose penetration and accuracy: it is not made for sniping. Try to bring ~10-15 BR-240SP (pure AP shells) for heavier targets. This gun is very forgiving to beginners since it has very fast reload speed and turret traverse.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (22°) ''Front plate'' 7 mm (64-80°) ''Front glacis'' 15 mm (6-52°) ''Lower glacis'' || 15 mm (21-23°) ''Top'' 15 mm (0°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm (0°) ''Top'' 15 mm (12°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm ''Hull'' 6 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 15 mm (13-15°) ''Turret front'' 15 mm (5-44°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 15 mm (17-19°) || 15 mm (17°) || 10 mm
|}
'''Notes'''

* Suspension wheel are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 6 mm thick

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 9.8 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 33 (AB)
|-
|30 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|141
|174
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|80
|91
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|14.39
|17.75
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|8.16
|9.28
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|20-К (45 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[20-К (45 mm)|45 mm 20-K]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 205 || -5°/+28° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 9.50 || 13.20 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 9.50 || 11.20 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.80 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| BR-240 || APHEBC || 62 || 59 || 45 || 35 || 29 || 26
|-
| BR-240SP || AP || 73 || 68 || 51 || 35 || 25 || 17
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| BR-240 || APHEBC || 760 || 1.4 || 1.2 || 15 || 32.3 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-240SP || AP || 757 || 1.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_T-26.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the T-26.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''205''' || 165 ''(+40)'' || 124 ''(+81)'' || 83 ''(+122)'' || 42 ''(+163)'' || 1 ''(+204)'' || style="text-align:left" | Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 124 ''(+81)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,890 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==


=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Good penetration even at distance.
* Post penetration damage is excellent.
* Decent reload time.
* Fast turret rotation speed.
* Good gun depression.
* The ammo rack is difficult to destroy.
* Can carry huge amount of ammo.
* Free repairs and main ammo, allows for mistakes

'''Cons:'''

* Awful maneuverability.
* Sometimes the gun is inaccurate.
* Exposed driver, prone to be injured.
* Thin armour compared to the [[Pz.II C|PzKpfw II Ausf.C]].
* Tall profile compared to the [[Pz.II C|PzKpfw II Ausf.C]].
* Very weak roof armour, vulnerable to machine gun fire from airplanes.
* Poor top speed, woeful reverse.
* .50 cal is enough to kill this vehicle.
* Very slow at scaling hills due to weak engine power.
* Only 3 crew members.
* One shot from the front or side will kill all the crew.

== History ==

===Development===
The '''T-26''' light tank design is derived from the British Vickers 6-ton tank. In early 1930s, a Soviet buying committee traveled to Britain and purchased tanks, tractors, and cars for use in the Soviet Union, of which the Vickers tank was chosen. Fifteen Twin-turreted Vickers tank arrived into the Soviet Union in May 1930, equipped with only machine guns. Four more Vickers were delivered at the end of 1930, these being the single-turret variants with a 47 mm gun, and the deliveries were finished by 1932. The Vickers-produced tanks were designated as the ''V-26''.

The Vickers 6-ton tank competed with several Soviet designs for the "most suitable" tank design for Soviet use. One such competitor was the Soviet ''T-19'' light tank, which had advantages over the Vickers design, but also disadvantages. The T-19 designer, S. Ginzburg, suggested for a "hybrid" tank to be built off the features of the T-19 and the Vickers tank. But in January 1931, intelligence picked up that Poland bought up many foreign tanks from Britain and France with license to mass-produce them. This information pressured the Soviet military council to adopt the foreign tanks into Soviet usage, thus the Vickers 6-ton tank, under the designation as the '''T-26''', was accepted into service in February 13, 1931 as the main-stay of the Red Army's armoured forces.

Although outclassed later in the war, it was considered one of the more successful and widely produced tank model in the 1930s. It, along with the [[BT-7|BT]] light tanks, composed of the majority of Russia's armoured forces in late 1930s. It weighed just a little under 10 tons, had 15 mm thick armour in front, with a 45 mm 20K gun, and had a crew of three people. The Bolshevik Factory in Leningrad was the first factory to start producing the T-26 from June 1931, and production of the tank lasted from then until 1941.

===Variants===
During its production life, many variants of it was made for different purposes, up to '''53''' different ones to fit different roles, though only 23 would see service in production. Such designs included changes like a twin-turreted version (some with only machine guns and some with cannons), command tanks, added armour, artillery tanks (such as the [[T-26-4]]), flamethrower tanks, remote-controlled tanks, or just armoured carriers to tow artillery and such. Others were simply modified variants of the normal variants such as the [[T-26E]], which was the base single-turreted T-26 design with 30-40 mm applique armour made during the Winter War, which made them more resilient to the Finnish anti-tank weapons.

All these tanks produced in the span of 1931 to 1941 made up a total 10,300 tanks, and 1,701 other variants of it, for a total of 12,001 units produced.

===Combat usage===
The T-26 first saw combat in the Spanish Civil War, where it showed its superiority over the current tanks of the period fielded by Italy and Germany. Then it saw combat against the Japanese in the Soviet-Japanese border conflicts at Lake Khasan and Khalkhin Gol, which exposed some of the design defects such as poor armour welding and the disadvantages of riveted constructions (the rivet would break off and could harm the crew inside). After that, the T-26 saw service in the Invasion of Poland and the Winter War against Finland. The Winter War effectively showed the Soviets that the T-26 was obsolete, as the 37 mm guns and anti-tank rifles and Finnish have could penetrate the light armour of the T-26. When World War II for Russia finally broke out in Operation Barbarossa, the T-26 proved inferior to the German's [[Pz.III F|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]], plus the air supremacy of the Luftwaffe ensured many tanks were lost in the opening stages of Barbarossa.

The T-26 at this point also were breaking down and the lack of spare parts made repairs hard, resulting in multiple T-26 units also being knocked out for being irrecoverable. The T-26 was gradually phased from service by the new, venerable [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] medium tanks, which gave Germany a run for their money. The T-26 still saw service in the war as a second-line unit, as it was still fighting in the Battle of Moscow of 1941, Stalingrad of 1942, and in Manchuria in 1945.

===Survivors===
A number of survivors exist today in different museums, about 45 of them are still intact. A majority of them are in Russia, Spain, and Finland, where they saw most of their services.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==

* [[BT-5]]
* [[BT-7]]
* [[T-26-4]]
* [[Pz.II C]]
* [[M2A4]]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR light tanks}}

Category:Currency and research points

2019-02-26T23:58:21Z

U63805183: little fixes

== In-Game Economy ==
The economy in War Thunder consists of three different aspects. The currencies with ''Silver Lions'' and ''Golden Eagles'', the progression with ''Research Points'', and the bonus ''War Bonds''.

== Currencies ==
===Silver Lions [[File:Sl_icon.png|x25px|frameless|link=]]===
{{main|Silver Lions}}
Silver lions are the main War Thunder currency, used in-game to purchase new crew slots (#3-5), standard vehicles, and modifications, as well as repairing damaged vehicles and purchasing ammunition and ordnance. These can be earned by playing games and destroying enemies and ground units, achieving kill assists, completing single missions and from battle trophies. With a premium account, players will earn an increased amount of silver lions per battle, helping to speed up their advancement through nations' aircraft and ground unit trees. Golden eagles can also be converted into silver lions if a player is running low and needs some quickly.

===Golden Eagles [[File:Ge_icon.png|x25px|frameless|link=]]===
{{main|Golden Eagles}}
Golden eagles are a premium in-game currency, which can be spent on a Premium Account, which increases Silver Lion and RP gain, and other additional content: premium machines, faster crew development, additional places in a hangar, boost research, purchase talismans, and purchase Battle Trophies in the Item Shop. They can also be exchanged to another in-game currency — Silver Lions.

== Researching ==
=== Research Points [[File:Rp_icon.png|x25px|frameless|link=]] ===
{{main|Research Points}}
Research points are used for researching new aircraft and ground units in War Thunder. These are earned in a similar way to silver lions - by playing games and achieving air and ground unit kills, and by achieving kill assists. Like with silver lions, research point gain can be increased by purchasing ''premium account time'', to help players unlock their desired aircraft and ground units faster.

=== Convertible Research Points ===
Convertible research points (CRP) are a backup pool of extra research points that players gain each game. Usually, the gain is equal to the normal research points. CRP can be converted into regular research points with golden eagles under a tagged "researching" vehicle with ''Boost Research'' at any time if a player wants to research faster than by simply playing. The current rate is that 1 Golden Eagle will convert 45 CRP into research points.

=== Module Research Points ===
Module research points (MRP) are separate research units for individual vehicles meant to be used to unlock [[:Category:Modules_and_modifications|vehicle modules]], which would then require Silver Lions to be bought. MRP are scaled like research point rewards in-game, though more dependent on an individual tank's performance in the game rather than the overall match time.

=== Crew XP Points ===
Crew points are points allocated to the individual crews of the hangar/garage for a particular vehicle slot. For every tenth RP gained in one match, one crew point is given to the crew slot using that vehicle . They can be spent on [[Crew_skills|Crew Skills]], which improve the capabilities of your crew.

== War Bonds ==
''Main article:'' [[Daily missions|Battle tasks]] 
War bonds are values that can be earned by completing the daily "[[Daily missions|Battle Tasks]]" that can be accessible at the top right area on the hangar menu. These can be spent in the Warbond shop for premium vehicles or other in-game items such as boosters and universal backups. The maximum balance of war bonds a player can own is 3,600.

= Additional information (links) =


[[Category:Game mechanics]]

Tank ammunition

2019-02-26T23:54:13Z

U63805183: Minor fixes and improvements all around.

==Ammunition shell types==
Tank shells come in two general categories: '''Kinetic''' energy shells, and '''chemical''' energy shells.

'''Kinetic energy shells'''' ability to penetrate, and depending of type of shell, also to do damage, depends on a combination of the shell's mass, speed, and hardness. Since mass and hardness are constant for a shell, this means that the longer a shell flies, the more speed it loses due to air resistance and the less damage it will cause.

'''Chemical energy shells''' do their damage based on a chemical reaction, and unlike kinetic shells their ability to penetrate and do damage are not affected by the shell's speed. This means that they do the same amount of damage regardless of distance to the target, if they hit.

It can be worth noting that there is no '-T'-suffix to tank shells. It is assumed that ''all'' tank shells have a tracer component in the shell base.

===Kinetic energy shells===

*[[File:Icon AP Shot.jpg|left|frameless]]'''Armor Piercing (AP)''' 

Basic solid steel shot, which uses kinetic energy to defeat the armor plate. The shot causes damage by fully or partially penetrating the armor plate, causing steel fragments of the shot and the armor plate to hit crew members, automotive components, ammuntion, fuel tanks, etc. The standard early-World War II ammunition for most nations.

*[[File:Icon APC Shot.jpg|left|frameless]]'''Armor Piercing, Capped (APC)''' 

Here a nose cone (or cap) of softer metal was fixed to the front of the solid shot. When this struck the target armor the shock was transferred away from the tip of the round to the neck, thus helping prevent shatter. An added bonus was that it was found that the softer caps improved "grip" against sloped armor, squashing on impact to allow the main shot to penetrate rather than glancing off. A downside with the cap was the decrease in long-range accuracy due to the cap interfering with the shell's aerodynamics.
[[File:APC Normalization.gif|thumb|Display of shell normalization as an effect of a capped (APC) shell (clickable gif)]]

*[[File:Icon APBC Shot.jpg|left|frameless]]'''Armor Piercing, Ballistic Cap (APBC)''' 

To improve aerodynamics of the AP shells, a ballistic cap can be added to the tip of the shot. This cap gives the shell a more pointed shape, allowing it to flow in the air more readily than a normal round. The cap is made of a brittle metal, which breaks on impact, and does not aid penetration nor give any slope "grip" as a APC round does.

*[[File:Icon APCBC Shot.jpg|left|frameless]]'''Armor Piercing, Capped, Ballistic Cap (APCBC)''' 

A combination of the ballistic cap of APBC and the cap of APC, giving the round improved long-range accuracy and the slope grip. Note that some APCBC ammunition was only listed as APC, and that APCBC shells can come both with and without a high explosive filler.

*[[File:Icon APHE Shell.jpg|left|frameless]][[File:Icon APHEBC Shell.jpg|frameless]][[File:Icon APCBC-HE Shell.jpg|frameless]]'''High Explosive Filler (-HE)''' 

AP shots are often just solid metal shells that penetrates armor and causes damage by tearing through the interior and releasing shrapnel via spalling. The lethality of AP, APBC, APC, and APCBC shots can be increased by adding an explosive filler into the shell, intended to explode upon penetrating the enemy armor. This filler will, however, also decrease the mass of the shot, decreasing its ability to defeat the armour plate. In APCBC shell designations, the HE part is ''often'' just dropped e.g. the German Pz.Gr.39 round is "APHECBC" but is simply listed as a "APCBC". In-game, the images of each round and stat cards give a good indication on which shells have or doesn't have the explosive filler.

*[[File:Icon APCR Shot.jpg|left|frameless]]'''Armor Piercing, Composite, Rigid (APCR)''' or '''High Velocity, Armor Piercing (HVAP)''' 

A very dense core, usually made from tungsten carbide, in a soft metal shell. Upon impact, the soft shell will deform, causing the core to penetrate the armor plate at very high speeds. Compared to solid shot AP they create ''much'' less shrapnel so sniping for weak points is necessary. These shell were the primary high-velocity penetrator used during World War 2 before the transition to APDS rounds.

*[[File:Icon APDS Shot.jpg|left|frameless]]'''Armor Piercing, Discarding Sabot (APDS)''' 

Similar to the APCR in principle. Rather than a soft shell, however, the thin, long shot discards it shell (sabot) upon leaving the gun barrel, reducing the shell's drag and thus reducing loss of speed over distance, while not causing significant change to the mass of the penetrator compared to APCR. Compared to solid shot AP they create ''much'' less shrapnel so sniping for weak points is necessary. Most APDS penetrator rods were made from tungsten carbide, the same material for APCR, though some of the more modern ones still around use depleted-uranium instead for the penetrator.

*[[File:Icon APDS-FS Shot.jpg|left|frameless]]'''Armor Piercing, Discarding Sabot, Fin-Stabilized (APDS-FS)''' 

Essentially a APDS round, with the exception of the shot having fins attached to stabilize its flight path. These are the most modern type of kinetic penetrator still in use today, with a majority of the battle-use rounds today made of depleted uranium, though there are still some that are made of tungsten carbide. These also generate far more spalling than standard APDS due to the longer penetrator,

===Chemical energy shells===

*[[File:Icon HE Shell.jpg|left|frameless]]'''High Explosive (HE)''' 

While originally meant as an anti-infantry measure and not intended to destroy tanks, high explosive rounds can damage tanks by destroying their tracks or damaging periscopes and automotive parts, and even crack and destroy armor plates if sufficiently powerful. Probably the main exponents of this approach were the Soviets, who not only issued every gun with some form of anti tank round, they were also happy to shoot HE at tanks. A 152 mm HE shell will spoil anyone's day.

*[[File:Icon HESH Shell.jpg|left|frameless]]'''High Explosive Squash Head (HESH)''' 

A thin-walled shell filled with a plastic explosive that upon impact causes the explosive to "pancake" onto the armour, which a fraction of a second later is detonated by a charge in the shell. The explosion will cause a shockwave in the armour and knock loose metal fragments on the other side of the armour (spalling), showering the inside of the tank with them. It has best effect against flat armour surfaces, and relatively thick armour, since thin armour does not cause sufficient spalling. This shell type appeared after WW2 and was mainly used by the British. In game it ignores any armour-angle, except for ricochets, and deals damage by metal-flakes which are blown off inside the armour by the exterior explosion. In short, the fighting compartment is showered in metal rain. Currently only true armour thickness (opposed to line of sight thickness, again armour-angles are ignored) will provide sufficient means of protection.
[[File:HEAT Diagram.jpg|thumb|Display of a HEAT charge striking armour]]

*[[File:Icon HEAT Shell.jpg|left|frameless]]'''High Explosive, Anti-tank (HEAT)''' 

Rather than relying on penetration by pure kinetic energy, the HEAT shell achieves penetration through a combination of chemical and kinetic energy. When a HEAT shell detonates on impact, a metal cone (often copper) is cold-formed by the pressure created by the detonation of the HE-charges surrounding it, turning the metal cone into a metal beam which penetrates armour at supersonic speeds. Thanks to the HE-charge creating the penetration potential on impact unlike conventional kinetic rounds, HEAT rounds do not lose any penetration potential even on very long distances. Another advantage of an HEAT round is its multi-purpose damage characteristics; the explosion by the HE-charge makes HEAT also effective against soft targets like trucks. Facing armour, the metal beam creates on penetration a deadly cone of armour fragments, destroying any modules or crew members in its way, though ingame the after penetration damage can be quite annoyingly punctual requiring a very precise aim. This ammo type was greatly improved past the sixties to improve on many issues the first WW2 iterations had like limited after penetration effects, low travelling speeds and penetration.

*[[File:Icon HEAT-FS Shell.jpg|left|frameless]]'''High Explosive, Anti-Tank, Fin-Stabilized (HEAT-FS)''' 

A more sophisticated form of the HEAT round above. The HEAT-FS round has an advantage over HEAT by having a higher muzzle velocity as well as a more lethal warhead. A HEAT-FS round can penetrate an average of 300 mm of armor at any range, making them a very good round to use on long-range target as well as close-range. This is often the stock round of some MBTs.

*[[File:Icon ATGM Missile.jpg|left|frameless]]'''Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM)''' 

''Main article:'' [[Anti-tank_guided_missiles|Anti-tank Guided Missile]] 
This is a HEAT-FS round with a twist. Instead of being sent to its target via a straight trajectory, the HEAT warhead is guided by a missile projectile, controllable by the player. This allows far-range target that had to be manually ranged by distance to be targeted with pin-point accuracy with a missile that can change direction by command. Though a general disadvantage is the large missile size that restricts ammo count, the lethality given by this option allows players to seek out and destroy enemies at distances they would not even think of being engaged at. Despite a long effective range, ATGMs have a much slower velocity than standard anti-tank ammunition.

*[[File:Icon Smoke Shell.jpg|left|frameless]]'''Smoke''' 

''Main article:'' [[Smoke screen|Smoke]] 
A specialized shell that causes no noticeable damage to any armored vehicle, but it allows the player for create their own smoke screen to conceal a friendly position from enemy fire. Smoke lasts between 20-30 seconds and it obscures line-of-sight vision and also hides markers from friendlies and enemies. A noticeable trait in all smoke shells in comparison with regular shells is the reduced muzzle velocity due to most of the shell being taken up by smoke-generating material, rather than charge.

==Ammo Racks==
Ammunition for ground vehicles are stored in [[Ammo racks]].

[[Category:Ammunition]]

Yak-7B

2019-02-26T23:32:05Z

U63805183: History and pros and cons. Included link to Live.wt page in the media section

{{Specs-Card|code=yak-7b}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left|The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' in the garage]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian fighter {{Battle-rating|2}}. This aircraft has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.29.
== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! ABN1K2-J
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Critical components located at the front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* More fuel tanks located in wings near the fuselage

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===


      ''Main article: '''[[:Category:Suspended armaments|Bombs]]'''''-->

== Usage in the battles ==


===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Hard-hitting cannon
* Good speed and maneuverability for its BR
* Low-caliber MGs are surprisingly effective thanks to high fire rate
* Great climb rate when spaded

*

'''Cons:'''

* Cannon has only 120 rounds of ammunition
* Sub-par performance when stock
* Like most Soviet planes, performance at high altitude leaves much to be wanted.

*

== History ==
The Yakovlev Yak-7 was originally intended as a two-seat trainer version of the [[Yak-1]] fighter plane for the Soviet Air Force and only armed with 1 7.62 mm [[ShKAS (7.62 mm)|ShKAS]] MG for gunnery practice. Eventually, engineers at the Yakovlev Design Bureau modified the plane into a single-seat fighter superior to the Yak-1. The plane was armed with a single, propeller-mounted 20 mm [[ShVAK (20 mm)|ShVAK]] autocannon and 2 ShKAS machine guns in the engine cowling and included armor for the cockpit. The plane was quickly adopted by the air force and production was approved by late 1941. Unfortunately, Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the USSR had already begun and the relocation of factories to the Urals and more pressing needs elsewhere meant only 65 were available at the end of the year. Though it would see service as a fighter and interceptor, the aircraft was more often used as a fighter-bomber due to its ability to carry bombs and rockets for use against the Nazi and Italian ground forces. The Yak-7B would be introduced in 1942 and had a reduced wingspan, improved on-board systems, and an easier-to-produce undercarriage compared to the Yak-7A. Production of the Yak-7B would amount to over 5,000 aircraft produced. It would later see service with Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, and Yugoslavia, which only recieved 2 Yak-7V planes. The [http://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/en/normandie-niemen-french-fighters-eastern-front Free French Air Force Normandie-Niemen squadron] would also employ the plane on the Eastern Front, eager to get revenge against the Luftwaffe that had bested them on the home front.

== Media ==
[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/all/?q=#yak7 WarThunder Live Page]

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* [[Yak-1]]
* [[Yak-1B]]
* [[Yak-3]]
* [[LaGG-3-11]]


== Sources ==

* http://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/en/normandie-niemen-french-fighters-eastern-front
* https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=1380

{{USSR fighters}}

Damage mechanics

2019-02-26T23:08:41Z

U63805183: grammar

[[File:Dogfight P51D5vFw190A5.jpg|x320px|framed|right|A [[P-51D-5|P-51D-5 Mustang]] successfully clipping the left wing on a [[Fw 190 A-5|Fw 190A-5]]]]
__TOC__

== Damage calculation ==
=== Aviation ===
The game's engine simulates every single bullet for over 2km before deleting it, with exceptions for bigger shells such as the [[Me 410 A-1/U4|50mm Bk5]] or [[Mosquito FB Mk XVIII|57mm Vickers]]. The different shells also have different effects on module damage. More of these shell effects can be read in the '''''[[:Category:Ammunition|Ammunition section]]'''''.
Every aircraft has got their skin airfoil and material modeled, too. It is therefore possible to see a Tracer shell ricochet off an enemy plane's duralumin skin. Some aircraft are quite well ''armoured'' from certain angles like the TB-3 with 3 mm of corrugated steel as its main building material.

====Naval targets====
The naval targets in aviation mode have their own damage mechanics modeled. See [[AI_ship_damage_models|this page]] for more detail.

=== Ground forces: Penetration ===
==== Line of sight thickness ====
[[File:DamageMechanics ShellPenetration LineOfSight.png|thumbnail|left|Line of sight calculation]]
<big>Llos = L / cos@</big> 
- Llos = Length line of sight (Line of sight thickness)
- L = armour plate thickness
- @ = angle of armour

==== Normalization ====
The calculation of the armour-piercing effect of projectiles on sloped armour:

Before the [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"|"Weapons of Victory" update]], the armour-piercing effect calculation of an angled hit was made based on the normal principle for most tank-based games via normal line of side thickness, as seen in the picture above. 
At the same time (still before "Weapons of Victory"), for different types of shells a certain distortion of the angle of attack was taken into account depending on the type of projectile (sharp or blunt-nosed shell) and the ratio between the calibre of the projectile to the armour thickness normal (perpendicular vector). In blunt-nosed shells, the final angle which were used for calculation of the armour thickness was reduced, and in sharp-nosed shells - slightly increased, i.e. a normalization factor was artificially added after the crude line of sight thickness calculation. 
However, despite the fact that this method is good enough in most cases - the calculation results do not always completely agree with the actual results of tank armour penetration tests. This was particularly noticeable in cases of penetration with high angles of approach.

[[File:DamageMechanics ShellPenetration SharpNormalizationForces.jpg|thumbnail|left|Forces during impact with de-normalization effects]]
There are several forces applied to a real shell at the moment of impact with any armour. These forces will bend the trajectory of a projectile which is entering any armour depending on the shape of the projectile nose, the angle of attack, the relation between the calibre of the projectile and the armour thickness normal/sharp-nosed shells while hitting the armour, receive resistance in the form of a larger normal reaction “Rn” and smaller tangential reaction “Rt”. The resultant of these forces relative to the centre of inertia of a projectile creates a moment that de-normalizes the shell, which in turn increases its course through the armour.

[[File:DamageMechanics ShellPenetration BluntNormalizationForces.jpg|thumbnail|right|Blunt-nosed shell impacting, affected by normalization forces.]]Blunt-nosed shells, when hitting an obstacle with its “blunted” tip, will form a ledge in the armour, and will gain from the obstacle and ledge a greater tangential and lesser normal reactions. The moment of the resultant will angle-in the shell towards the normal and as a result it reduces the path of the projectile inside the armour.

The larger is the elongation (length-to-diameter ratio) of the projectile - the stronger is the normalization effect of the projectile. Modern fin-stabilized APCR munitions have a greater elongation and during an angled hit often penetrate thicker armor than the equivalent of a plate normal. 
However, the projectiles that are modeled in our game were fairly short ones and at high angles of attack had a large de-normalizing effect - both sharp-nosed (for which this effect was bigger), and blunt-nosed (with a smaller effect). The APCR shells of the time had the maximum effect. Thus for the American 90mm APCR prototype M304 shell (''Terminal ballistic Data Vol 3'' p.157) as we can see the penetration value at an angle of attack of 55 degrees is more than 3 times less than penetration by normal (see Pic.4). If at an angle of 0 degrees of attack, the projectile could penetrate a little more than 12 inches of armour (305 mm), an angle of approach of 55 degrees makes the shell penetrate a little less than four inches (101.6 mm); '''Picture 1'''. Which is comparable with penetration values of the T33 calibre sharp-nosed shell; '''Picture 2'''
<gallery>
DamageMechanics StrikingVelocityPenetration 90mmM304.jpg|'''Picture 1''': M304 APCR prototype of the [[M26|M26 ''Pershing'']]
DamageMechanics StrikingVelocityPenetration 90mmT33.jpg|'''Picture 2''': T33 AP sharp-nosed shell
</gallery>

These graphs also display that for the calibre shell the drop of penetration from angle of attack is not as huge as for the APCR. 
In “Pic.6” you can see a photo which shows a strong drop of penetration values for APCR projectiles at high angles of attack. This test was based on the shooting of the frontal part of the Tiger 2 tank. As can be seen, both APCR projectiles - 90mm and 105mm, did not penetrate the upper side of the tank plate, but they broke through the lower one which has a smaller thickness.
<gallery>
File:DamageMechanics TigerIIHull APCR.jpg|Upper 150mm plate remains intact after being hit by advanced American shells.
File:DamageMechanics TigerIIHull Lowerglacis.jpg|Lower glacis plate penetrated by 105mm shell due to thinner armor.
</gallery>[[File:DamageMechanics 90mmM304 Statcard.jpg|thumbnail|right|"''M304 shot''" stat card showing the three different tables for armour penetration.]]
This effect [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/237833-devblog-penetration-mechanic-improvements/ is reproduced in the game since update "1.49"]. For each type of projectile, and for different ratios of calibre/barrier thickness at different angles of attack - own armour penetration fall ratios. Most of the data is taken from the publications '''“WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery”''' and '''“Terminal ballistic Data Vol 2 and 3.”'''.

Tooltips show this as well for each shell, they display the penetration of the shells at three different angles of attack. [[:Category:Game modes#Arcade|Arcade]] penetration indicator accounts for this effect. It also takes into account not only the first part of the tank armour, but several parts under it as well, which will give a more accurate indication of the penetration with such complex structures as gun mantlets and shielded armour.
==== Breach / Overmatch / Stamping ====
Overmatching happens if a shell hits sloped armour that is thinner then the calibre of the tank shell. Overmatching basically neglects the sloped armour ricochet effect. This mechanic was added to the game with [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"#Ground_Vehicle_visual_model._damage_model.2C_characteristic_and_weaponry_changes|Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]] and applies to shells 1.3x bigger in diameter than the armour thickness to have a reduced sloping effect.

The bigger the shells, the more effective overmatch is. Shells with sufficient penetration that are greater than 7x bigger in diameter than the armour thickness will ignore ricochet chance and angle of attack, acting as if the shell is impacting a flat plate.

As of 1.85.0.121 a simple formula to calculate minimum shell calibre to achieve maximum overmatching is this: 

<big>Minimum shell calibre > Armour thickness * 7.0</big> 

This mechanic requires a shell with penetration greater than the nominal thickness of the impacted armour plate. Shells without sufficient penetration will never penetrate, no matter the calibre.

====Hull-break====
In [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]], the hull-break mechanics were added into the game for thin-skinned vehicles. This generally applies to non-armoured and lightly-armoured vehicles (with up to 25mm thickness of hull armour). Unlike the usual method of incapacitating the crew members of a vehicle to secure a destruction, the hull-break mechanics implements a hull and module based damage system to destroy these vehicles.

The [https://warthunder.com/en/news/4505-the-damage-model-has-been-refined-en/ initial version] set the criteria as "on the kinetic impact, hits with penetration of the shell of 150 mm calibre on any part of the hull or turret (inclusive of the breech). Or even hitting following penetration of few structural elements of shells of small calibre, upwards of 75mm and higher. For HE shells, impacts by 75-76mm HE shells to the hull or turret will be effective. For large calibre HE shells (122-152mm) hits to chassis components will be counted as fatal."

In [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A"]], the hull-break mechanics was refined towards kinetic shells as requiring the "need to directly hit them with a shell of high energy (more than 1.4 MJ) on one of the major internal modules. E.g. engine, transmission, breech or shell storage."

'''List of hull-breakable vehicles (WIP)'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''[[File:USA flag.png|60px|border|link=Category:USA ground vehicles|]] [[:Category:USA ground vehicles|USA]]'''!!'''[[File:Germany flag.png|60px|border|link=Category:Germany ground vehicles|]] [[:Category:Germany ground vehicles|Germany]]'''!!'''[[File:USSR flag.png|60px|border|link=Category:USSR ground vehicles|]] [[:Category:USSR ground vehicles|USSR]]'''!!'''[[File:Britain flag.png|60px|border|link=Category:Britain ground vehicles]] [[:Category:Britain ground vehicles|Britain]]'''!!'''[[File:Japan flag.png|60px|border|link=Category:Japan ground vehicles]] [[:Category:Japan ground vehicles|Japan]]'''!!'''[[File:Italy flag.png|60px|border|link=Category:Italy ground vehicles]] [[:Category:Italy ground vehicles|Italy]]'''!!'''[[File:France flag.png|60px|border|link=Category:France ground vehicles]] [[:Category:France ground vehicles|France]]'''
|-
|| [[M3_GMC|M3 GMC]] [[M13_MGMC|M13 MGMC]] [[M15A1_CGMC|M15 CGMC]] [[M16_MGMC|M16 MGMC]] [[M18_GMC|M18 ''Hellcat'']] [[M18_“Black_Cat”|M18 ''Black Cat'']] <big>♦</big> [[Super_Hellcat|M18 ''Super Hellcat'']] <big>♠</big> [[M19|M19]] [[M42|M42]] [[M56|M56 ''Scorpion'']] [[M163|M163 ''Vulcan'']] [[M551|M551 ''Sheridan'']] [[T92|T92]]
|| [[Panzerjager_I|Panzerjäger I]] [[Nashorn|Nashorn]] [[Marder_III|Marder III]] [[Marder_III_H|Marder III H]] [[8,8_cm_Flak_37_Sfl.|8.8 cm FlaK 37]] [[Flakpanzer_I|Flakpanzer I]] [[Flakpanzer_38|Flakpanzer 38(t)]] [[Sd.Kfz._6/2|Sd.Kfz. 6/2]] [[Gepard|Flakpanzer I ''Gepard'']] [[Ru_251|Ru 251]] <big>♠</big>
|| [[PT-76B|PT-76B]] [[Object 906]] [[BMP-1]] [[ZiS-30|ZiS-30]] [[ASU-57|ASU-57]] [[GAZ-AAA_(4M)|GAZ-AAA (4M)]] [[GAZ-AAA_(DShK)|GAZ-AAA (DShK)]] [[GAZ-MM_(72-K)|GAZ-MM (72-K)]] [[BTR-152A|BTR-152A]] [[ZiS-12 (94-KM)|ZiS-12_(94-KM)]] [[ZiS-43|ZiS-43]] [[ZSU-37|ZSU-37]] [[ZSU-57-2]] [[ZSU-23-4]] [[ZUT-37]] <big>♠</big> [[Object_120|Object 120 "Taran"]] <big>♦</big>
|| [[T17E2]] [[AEC_Mk.II|AEC AA Mk.II]] <big>♦</big> [[Crusader_AA_Mk_I|Crusader AA Mk.I]] [[Crusader_AA_Mk_II|Crusader AA Mk.II]] [[Falcon]]
|| [[Type_94|Type 94]] [[Ta-Se]] [[So-Ki]] [[M42_(Japan)|M42]] [[Type_87|Type 87]]
|| N/A
|| [[P.7.T_AA|P.7.T_AA]] [[CCKW 353 AA]]
|}

==Creating digital weaponry==
The following is an exclusive essay by the Gaijin development team to explain how guns' real life behaviour is translated into the game. Hence the focus is primarily on the [[Ground vehicles|ground forces]] part of War Thunder. Also the tone of the text is more personal than usual on the WT Wikipedia.
=== Weapon ===
We really love the variety of the military technology from various countries, and we always try to tune its behavior to get it as close to the real-life version as possible. For this reason, we have to pay attention to tuning weapons as well – this is the only way we can show and give emphasis to the entire scope of variety in military vehicles, in addition to showcasing their firepower. Each weapon is unique in its own way, and in order to reproduce this uniqueness, we study a mass of documentation and scrupulously tune not only the weapons, but even each separate ammunition type for each of them. This approach allows us to convey the spirit of each military vehicle in our game as precisely as we can.

First we will tell you how we tune machine guns and cannons. Aircraft and tank weapons work on similar principles, so for the sake of this example, we'll just take one – the 122 mm D-25T cannon, which was installed on the tanks like the IS-2, IS-3 and the IS-4M. Using this weapon's tuning as an example, we'll show you how all the other weapons in the game are tuned and how they work.

The weapon parameters include such variables as its spread and the technical upper limit for its rate of fire. While tuning the weaponry, just like when we tune the shells, we use different documentation like field tests and technical documentation for the vehicles themselves. The search for correct documentation is one of the most difficult and slow processes because different sources show different and often conflicting data. Sometimes it takes time to verify the source, since we have to do reseaech of all the data available. Here we are using data from “aiming data chart of 122mm tank cannon of 1943 variant D-25T” Army publishing MO USSR Moscow, 1969, as well as “Ammunition for 122mm cannons for ground, tank and self propelled artillery. Instruction” War ministry of USSR 1952, “Artillery sergeant textbook” book one, war publishing of NKO 1944.
<gallery perrow="2" widths="300px" heights="250px">
File:Weapons DataChart 122mmcannon1943(D-25T) Book.png
File:Weapons DataChart 122mmcannon1943(D-25T) Charts.jpg|Aiming data charts for BR-471 shell, that were used in a D-25T cannon.
</gallery>
At the moment, the rate of fire in our game is an averaged value, since in real life, reload time depends on a multitude of variables. Among other things, these variables include how the ammunition is stored (when expending ammunition, this forces the loader to get shells from a less convenient place in the vehicle) and the weight and shape of the shells (for example, heavy and bulky shells get harder to reload over a longer period of time). We have plans to simulate reloading with such mechanics taken into account, which means introducing a variable rate of fire depending on the state of the ammunition, the loader's fatigue, and the position of the turret itself, which defines which ammunition stowage area is closer and which farther away. For example, the Patton houses just a small part of its ammunition right next to the gunner – the rest is in stowage areas located in a floor-level section, which take a lot longer to access. If we introduce such a system, this will mean that the first rounds will be loaded much more quickly than the current reload time, and later rounds will take much longer. This system is still only in development, however.

Rate of fire is displayed in terms of shots per second, and our weapon has a value of 0.048 shots per second, or 1 shot every 20.8 seconds. This is the minimal reload time for any round for this vehicle with maxed out crew skills.

The spread is calculated in the following way: From the firing tables we know the circular error probability (CEP) of the shot for both (horizontal and vertical) deviation axes at a distance of 1000 m. For example, the given cannon has a CEP equal to 0.3 m, so we can calculate the angle of dispersion for the weapon. As half of both axes of dispersion are equal to four CEP for either the vertical or horizontal, it equals 1.2 m in our case, which is 0.069 degrees on both the vertical and horizontal. That means that at 1000 m, the D-25T's maximum spread will amount to roughly 2.4 meters, which means that even at maximum spread, you will still hit the tank's silhouette even at that distance. Many weapons, of course, will have different mean average deviation values for horizontal and vertical and then the spread will appear to be ellipse shaped. At the same time, in half of the cases, the shell will hit at half distance from the edges closer to the center than at the maximum level of angular displacement. This is how we simulate the level of weapon accuracy comparable to the reality of real combat vehicles.

<gallery perrow="2" widths="300px" heights="250px">
File:Weapons DataChart Dispersion.jpg|Ellipse and dispersion scales by distance, by direction and by height.
</gallery> 

=== Shells ===
Now that the weapon has its primary characteristics and is ready for battle, we move on to tuning its ammunition. A great many forms of ammunition were used, and listing them all along with describing how they work is a subject for a separate and long treatise. To show the adjustments we make, we'll use one of the shells for our weapon as an example – a pointed armour-piercing high-explosive round.

<gallery perrow="2" widths="300px" heights="250px">
File:Weapons 122mm BR-471 APHE Shell.jpg
File:Weapons DamageModel Shells Fuses.png
</gallery> 

[[File:Screenshot T-34 protected by stone fence.jpg|thumb|right|The wall protects part of the tank from shrapnel and resulting shockwave from the explosion.]]
[[File:DamageMechanics ShellIcons ShellEffects Terrain.jpg|thumb|right|You can easily understand different shell effects by just looking at the shell icons.]]
First of all, we set such parameters as the shell's weight (25 kg), its calibre (0.122 m), its muzzle velocity (795 m/s), and its type (armour-piercing high-explosive – APHE). These values determine the round's ricochet and normalization, the basic kinetic damage parameters, and the round's additional properties, such as the presence of explosive material. Next we have its ballistic settings (the round's energy loss), and the chance that the round will cause a fire when it hits a fire-vulnerable module – this setting is separate from the explosive setting, and we can use it to simulate the chance of ignition from tracers (if tracer ammunition is used) or ignition from sparks produced when a round hits an obstacle.

In addition, there are settings like the round's fragmenting action, the detonator parameters and the power of the explosion itself. The explosive wave and the shrapnel broadly take into account both the shape of the landscape and any obstacles in their path (in the real world, explosives don't disperse in a straight line or from a single point). This means that a tank can hide from shockwaves and shrapnel behind various obstacles, and separate modules on a tank will protect the other modules from taking additional damage. For example, a round which penetrates the rear armour of a tank and explodes behind the engine might do no harm to the crew, as the engine blocks the shrapnel and the shockwave.

Each individual shell in our physics model has its own settings, such as the explosive power, i.e. the thickness its shockwave can penetrate at short range, and the explosion radius at which its power is maximum and at which it fully disappears. Apart from the explosion itself, the shell also has a fragmenting action which we provide as a radius, shrapnel amount and shrapnel penetration. It's also worth noting that secondary shrapnel is also added to shell shrapnel. Secondary shrapnel occurs after the target itself is penetrated.

As you can see, there are quite a few of these settings, and we consider them a very important part of allowing players to determine the required effect of a shell without reading a long list of its characteristics. This is precisely why the shell icons are different depending on their parameters. If the round has high penetration, then its icon will show exactly that. If it has an explosive substance and/or a fragmenting effect from the shell itself, this will also be added to the icon. Be careful when selecting a shell – the various shells don't just have different penetration characteristics and fragmenting actions or explosive properties, they also lose their energy differently. Note how the numerical value of armour penetration changes depending on the distance of the shot. This is shown on the shell's tooltip.

When considering the damage model, it is very important to at least point out the fact that in our game, we model the characteristics of various types of materials – glass, reinforced glass, wood and various types of metal used in both aircraft and ground vehicles. Each material has its own equivalent durability in terms of armour steel thickness. For example, we calculate that 100 mm rolled armour has an armor steel thickness equivalent to 100mm, cast armour has a 94 mm equivalent thickness, reinforced glass – 20 mm and wood – 10 mm.

===Netcode or Defining the impact point===
[[File:Yak9T_destroy_Fw190_wings.jpg|thumb|right|One critical hit on an aircraft's wing is much more effective than multiple impacts on the fuselage.]]
One of the most important questions, especially in online games, is the question of defining the impact point on an enemy when two players may have internet connections with entirely different levels of quality. This is particularly relevant in a game in which the combatants can move at high speed – in our case, in air battles.

For our game, we developed a system to define the position of each player independent of the delay they're playing with. We won't get into all the little details, but in short, this works in the following manner: the server receives only the players' own control commands (for example: joystick movement, trigger press, flap controls and so on) and their individual actions (such as activating fire extinguishers and respawn requests) and using this information, it calculates the movement and actions of each player. At the same time, it separately calculates each shell fired, including their full ballistics, including the difference between vehicle speeds (a shell will do more damage in head-on attack for the two aircraft than it would to aircraft flying away) and all the effects these shells have – all of this is independent of the vehicle's rate of fire – without any simplification! For example, the Hurricane's machine guns have a rate of fire of 1,000 shots per minute, which means that when you pull the trigger on the Hurricane Mk II, which has 12 machine guns, this aircraft alone fires 200 bullets per second into the air, each of them has their flight and trajectory individually calculated by the server! We will remind you about how damage calculation works inside the game for both aviation and ground vehicles after a hit:
[[File:Me262 intercepting B-29.png|thumbnail|right|[[B-29A-BN|B-29 ''Superfortress'']] under a head-on attack by a [[Me_262_A-1/U4|Me 262 ''Schwalbe'']]]]

* Breach check - if caliber is six times higher than plate thickness it breaches the plate automatically.
* If there is no breach - bound check.
* If there is no bound shot - then we do a penetration check, for which the following characteristics are taken into account - current penetration value, armour slope angle, and slope angle of the machine itself, angle of impact. Armour thickness is calculated and we do a check as to whether a shell can or cannot penetrate the armour. If not and the shell has explosives - it detonates and attachments can be damaged.
* If there is penetration the shell deals the damage to the armor, loses penetration value and kinetic damage proportionally to armor thickness and goes further. Also each kinetic shell creates a shard cone that can damage modules and crew in the sector.
* The shell itself goes further and when hitting any internal module all the above mentioned checks are made (excluding cases when a fragmentation shell hits armour with thickness thinner than 3-4mm - it will not generate a fragmentation cone then). Checks are made until the penetration value of a shell is enough to penetrate a module or until the fuse goes off (if the shell has explosives and armor was not thick enough to make it go off) A distance needed for the fuse is 0.5-1.5 m from the penetration point depending on caliber and type.
* When the fuse goes off the explosion follows which creates HE and fragmentary spheres of damage. Crew members and modules within the spheres may be damaged by shards and shockwave.

The server then sends the results of these calculations to each player in the session to synchronize the data, which is also calculated on the players' own systems.

Thanks to lag compensation, which consists of physical extrapolation, visual model display interpolation and time rewind with extra physical simulation, you always see the surrounding players in positions as close as possible to their real positions, which allows players to lead their opponents and target critical areas on their target regardless of the ping of any of the battle's participants (up to a certain point, of course). Any physical objects in the world, particularly heavy vehicles, possess inertia and physical properties that significantly constrict their "cone of uncertainty" – their possible states in space over a time delay – which provides a means to achieve significantly better lag compensation results than usually possible in online shooters. It also allows for creating a response in the game entirely independent of the server's reciprocal response, which means that all your actions (such as shooting and maneuvering) are applied in your client immediately and without delay. We try, as much as it is possible to do so, to ensure that delay in contacting the server does not stop players from enjoying the game, and thanks to this system, players with various levels of ping on various servers will barely notice the difference in gameplay. Only when players have extremely high ping will they see their opponents' sharp maneuvers far later and sharper than when they actually happened.

Of course, no algorithm can make up for an unstable connection, when network packets don't reach the client or the server. In such cases, players may see their opponents' maneuvers with a delay or distortion, and may even experience other problems in the game – it all depends on how often the packets drop. However, here too we have created special mechanisms to help ensure that such problems affect the players as little as possible. For example, the main movement and firing controls can suffer a packet loss of over 50%. This allows us to even further reduce the consequences of poor connections. However, it's worth remembering than any multiplayer game will be better if you have a good internet connection!
{{Youtube|url = PfXK-Nr56_4|"Sparkles" caused by a combination of '''''lag''''' and '''''packet loss'''''. Fortunately the enemy aircraft did not alter its path and lag compensation secured the kill for the [[Me 262 A-1a Schwalbe|Me 262]] pilot.}}


[[Category:Game mechanics]]

Pz.III J1

2019-02-26T23:03:08Z

U63805183: Combat Usage and Usage in the Battles

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_J}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage Pz.IIIJ1.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. J1''' ('''Panzer III J1''') is a Rank II German medium tank with a battle rating of 3.0 (AB/RB/SB). It was introduced in Update 1.43. An improvement over the J version with the longer [[KwK 39 (50 mm)|50 mm KwK 39]] gun: the Panzer III J1 provides a better punch.

This variant, compared to its predecessor - [[Pz.III J|Pz.III J]], features only few, but very important upgrades.

Most importantly, the J1 variant is the first Panzer III to have the long barreled KwK 39 L/60 50mm tank gun. This gun offers 96mm of armour penetration at range of 100 m and 79mm at 500m. In practical sense, it is just enough to deal with most tanks at this BR, although targeting weakspots, or side/rear armour is often necessary, especially against well-armored eavy tanks like the KV-1 but that is why you have APCR ammunition. APCR comes in two set, PzGr40 and PzGr40/1. PzGr40 has the highest penetration - 150mm at close range, but loses penetration quite rapidly when shooting far targets and is also a higher tier modification. ''(->More info can be found below in the "[[#Ammunition|Ammunition]]" section.)''

The second important upgrade is the electric turret drive - greatly improving the turret traverse speed, and removing the long present weakness of all older Panzer III variants.

Optimal combat distance for this vehicle is somewhere between medium to close range. But don't be mistaken, the Panzer III J1 is not an frontline tank. You should be always on the move and harass the enemy without rest as any return fire will be lethal. Don't trust your armour and instead rely on your mobility. Flanking is the best option for J1 as you can use the high RoF for good effect and hopefully avoid the incoming retribution. You don't have the best mobility for a medium tank, but you definitely remain competitive against most enemy tanks you may encounter. Always try to find some good firing positions, with available cover, and if necessary, pull back and relocate. Always avoid direct close range confrontations with main enemy force; never try to fight more than 1 enemy at the time. However - playing purely as support/sniper tank isn't optimal either, because of your lower armour penetration.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Barrel shroud, Cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50 mm (12°) ''Front plate'' 25 mm (86°), 50 mm (53°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (23-69°) ''Lower glacis'' || 30 mm || 50 mm (15-41°) ''Top'' 50 mm (11-66°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm
|-
| Turret || 50 mm (12-25°) ''Turret front'' 50 mm (12-46°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 30 mm (22-25°) || 30 mm (13-16°) || 10 mm
|-
| Cupola || 50 mm || 10 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 21.8 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 59 (AB)
|-
|53 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|465
|572
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|265
|300
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|21.33
|26.24
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|12.16
|13.76
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|KwK 39 (50 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[KwK 39 (50 mm)|50 mm KwK 39]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 92 || -10°/+20° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 8.30 || 11.53 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 8.30 || 9.80 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 4.80 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| PzGr 39 || APC || 97 || 96 || 79 || 62 || 49 || 38
|-
| Sprgr. 38 || HE || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
| PzGr 40/1 || APCR || 128 || 126 || 91 || 61 || 40 || 27
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 150 || 149 || 108 || 72 || 48 || 32
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| PzGr 39 || APC || 835 || 2.1 || 1.2 || 25 || 45.9 || -1° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Sprgr. 38 || HE || 550 || 1.8 || 2.0 || 0.1 || 170 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| PzGr 40/1 || APCR || 1140 || 1.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| PzGr 40 || APCR || 1180 || 0.93 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
|}

====Shell types====

*'''PzGr 39''' - Armour Piercing Capped shell - This is your main ammo type, use it whenever you think it has enough penetration to penetrate your target. It deals the most damage because of its explosive filler.
*'''PzGr 40/1''' - Armour Piercing Composite Rigid shell - This type of ammo should be used if you are having trouble penetrating your opponent, or trying to hit a fast moving tank at some distance. However, its damaging potential is much lower, because it has no explosive filler to further enhance damage after the penetration.
*'''PzGr 40''' - Armour Piercing Composite Rigid shell - this variation of APCR is lighter, slightly faster and offersthe best penetration (up to 150mm). Use it against heavily armoured beasts like the [[KV-1 (Disambiguation)|KV-1]] (If you can't flank them). However, don't expect it to cause any real damage upon penetration, it is even worse than that of PzGr 40/1. It basically only deals damage to modules/crew straight in its path. It is therefore almost useless to fire them at things like turret cupolas, as it will usually just fly right through them.
* '''SprGr 38''' - High Explosive ammo - You should carry only very few of these. They are completely useless against anything other than unarmoured AA vehicles, to which it is lethal.

==== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Pz.IIIJ1.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the Panzer III J1.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''92''' || 70 ''(+22)'' || 47 ''(+45)'' || 24 ''(+68)'' || 1 ''(+91)'' || style="text-align:left" | Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 70 ''(+22)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG 34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MG 34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG 34]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,750 (150) || 900 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

First of all, lets talk about the gun. The 5 cm KwK 39 is a good gun in the right circumstances. Its main round, the PzGr 39 Armour Piercing Capped has average penetration for the BR, but causes little post penetration damage. Granted, if you fire it into a tightly packed turret, it will knock out the crew, but larger vehicles can be an issue. Then, there is the PzGr 40 Armour Piercing Composite Rigid (APCR) round, which has high penetration (150mm!) and can engage anything at its BR but causes very little internal damage and performs poorly against sloped armour. It also loses its penetration quickly at range. It is best to carry both of these types of ammunition, allowing you to combat different targets more effectively.

Luckily, the KwK 39 has a saving grace. With a reload time of just under 5 seconds, it fires very quickly. This gun performs effectively in flanking maneuvers, where you can take advantage of weak side armour. Precise aim is necessary, as this gun rarely destroys a target in one shot. Normally you have a choice. Do you shoot the driver and immobilize the tank and then incapacitate the gunners? Or do you knock out the gunners first and then take out the driver? Most of the time, it is best to take out the gunners first, so that the tank cannot shoot back. However, if the tank is mobile and the turret is facing another direction, it is sometimes best to take out the driver first. This way the tank won't have a chance to find cover. This is always the best strategy against turretless SPGs, as immobilizing the vehicle by taking out the driver, transmission, or engine will incapacitate the tank if it is not facing you and guarantees a swift kill.

The armour of the Panzer III is poor. It is flat, and at 50 mm it won't protect you from even rank 1 guns. From the sides you are vulnerable to anything above a .50 cal machine gun. Avoid frontal engagements with [[M4|M4 Shermans]] and [[T-34]]<nowiki/>s. You are unlikely to be able to destroy them quickly, and often your rounds will ricochet off their sloped armour. Their rounds will slice through your armour like butter and often knock out your entire crew after a single penetration. Thus, this tank is best used as a flanker, using your decent speed and high fire rate to unload shell after shell into vulnerable side armor and hope for the best.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire.
* High shell velocity.
* Mobile and fast.
* Excellent gun depression.
* APCR ammo is great against moving targets.

'''Cons:'''

* Poor damage against modules and crew.
* Gun lacks penetration at range, is likely to bounce from slopes, and isn't very accurate.
* Overall weak armour.
* Modules are sensitive to damage.
* APCR is pathetic at long ranges and deals very little damage upon penetration/.

== History ==

===Development===
The '''Panzerkampfwagen III''' medium tank, or the '''Panzer III''' was developed in the 1930s. Starting in early 1934, Heinz Guderian set down some specifications for a new tank, which the Army Weapons Department took up to design the tank to weigh no more than 24,000 kilograms with a top speed of 35 km per hour. This tank's role was to be the main tank of the German army and was expected to destroy opposing tanks, as opposed to a tank made to destroy anti-tank guns and opposing infantrymen, which the [[Pz.IV C|Panzer IV]] served as.

Daimler-Benz, Krupp, MAN, and Rheinmetall produced prototypes meeting the specifications and the Daimler-Benz model was chosen after testing in 1936-1937. The Panzer III model used a leaf-spring suspension in its early models (Ausf. A - Ausf. D) before utilizing a six-wheeled torsion-bar suspension in the [[Pz.III E|Ausf. E]] and beyond. The Panzer III had a crew of five men, the commander, gunner, loader, driver, and assistant driver. The best feature of the Panzer III during its introduction that is the most overlooked was the three-man turret, which was not as common at the time. This frees the commander to be able to effectively command the tank while maintaining situational awareness, rather than be burdened by the role of a loader or gunner, improving combat effectiveness of the tank. The 37 mm (later 50 mm) anti-tank gun was also very effective against contemporary tanks. Despite this rather advanced design, the turret did not have a turret basket for the crew. It was a proven design and production began in May 1937. The total number of Panzer III tanks constructed in its production life was 5,774 units (excluding the far more produced [[StuG III F|StuG III]] variant).

===Specifications===
The '''Panzer III Ausf. J1''' features a much better 50 mm gun compared to its predecessors, the 50 mm KwK 39, which is an improvement over the 50 mm KwK 38 by its longer barrel that provided additonal accuracy. Longer shells with more propellant charge were used, providing extra velocity and penetration. This new 50 mm gun gives the Panzer III a fighting edge against [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]]s and [[M4|M4 Shermans]], which the older 50 mm KwK 38 had trouble fighting against. The Panzer III Ausf. J1 still featured the 50 mm armour thickness on the front and rear originally from the [[Pz.III J|Ausf. J]] variant, but later models had new offset armour on the front of the hull and turret that provide 20 mm of effective protection These armour also apply as spaced armour due to not being attached to the hull or turret mantlet. The spaced armour on the front helped defend the tank against Soviet anti-tank rounds or HEAT rounds fired at it on those plates, as it dissipates the penetration power before striking the hull.

===Combat usage===
The Panzer III J1 was only a stopgap design to integrate the 50 mm KwK 39 into service as fast as possible. The final designs in its later models were later redesignated the [[Pz.III L|Panzer III Ausf. L]] and [[Pz.III M|Panzer III Ausf. M]]. It saw service on the eastern front, where it performed poorly against superior [[T-34 (Disambiguation)|T-34]] and [[KV-1 (Disambiguation)|KV-1]] tanks. However, it also saw service in North Africa, where it would easily defeat allied light tanks such as the [[M3 Stuart]] and the [[Crusader Mk III|Crusader]], even when outnumbered. However, the introduction of more medium tanks by the allies in the African theater would prove to be problematic for the Panzer III. Those that survived the defeat in Africa would try to defend Sicily from the allied invasion of Italy.

== Media ==
'''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the ''Panzer III Ausf. J1'' from live.warthunder.com. There are plenty of category terms flying around. So looking through every one of them will be necessary. Some of these might not work. Look for the Panzer 3 tanks with the very long barrel, or see what the description says.

*[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23panzer_iii_j1 #panzer_iii_j1]

===Sights===

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/675135/en/ RideR2's Realistic gunsight (TZF4a, TZF 5a/b/d/e/f/f2, TZF 9b/b1/c/d, TZF 12/a) for Pzkpfw II, Pzkpfw III, Pzkpfw IV, Pzkpfw V, Pzkpfw VI]

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

''ETC.''

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany medium tanks}}

M3 Stuart

2019-02-26T22:38:04Z

U63805183: /* Read also */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m3_stuart}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M3Stuart.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''Light Tank M3 ''Stuart'' ''' is a Rank I American light tank with a battle rating of 1.3. It was one of the first American tanks to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. With a better engine and transmission system than the [[M2A4|M2 light tanks]], the M3 ''Stuart'' is more able to maneuver the battlefield as a dependable light tank.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38.1 mm (18°) ''Driver Port'' 15.8 mm (69°) ''Front Glacis'' || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 38.1 mm || 25.4 mm || 25.4 mm || 12.7 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and bogies are 15 mm thick, tracks are 10 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 12.6 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 56 (AB)
|-
|50 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|406
|500
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|232
|262
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|32.22
|39.68
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|18.41
|20.79
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M5 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M5 (37 mm)|37 mm M5]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 103 || -10°/+20° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 19.04 || 26.35 || 32.00 || __.__ || 37.65
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 11.90 || 14.00 || 17.00 || 18.80 || 20.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M74 shot || AP || 66 || 65 || 55 || 46 || 38 || 31
|-
| M51 shot || APC || 66 || 65 || 55 || 46 || 38 || 31
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M74 shot || 792 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M51 shot || 792 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks M2A4.png|right|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo rack]] of M2A4|300px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''103''' || 69 ''(+34)'' || 35 ''(+68)'' || 1 ''(+102)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,200 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Hull mount (#1)''
! colspan="7" | ''Hull mount (#2)''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,200 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A || colspan="4" | 3,200 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

The M3 ''Stuart'' works best from a distance where its armour can shine and its gun can provide fast covering fire. However, this tank also works well in tight spaces if the armour is angled correctly, thanks to its ability to bounce shots and destroy the enemy with its AP ammunition.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Good front armour.
* Fast and agile.
* Reliable gun with good rate of fire.

'''Cons:'''

* Tank is cramped, one shot can knock out most crew members.
* Braking System unresponsive.
* Backwards Traverse is slow.
* Turning can be hit or miss.
* No ammunition with HE filler.

== History ==

===Development===
The American light tank design prior to World War II, the [[M2A4|M2 light tank]], was seen as obsolete after observing Germany's Panzer forces tear through Europe. The design was to be upgraded with more armour, a better suspension, and a new gun recoil system. The revised version was designated the '''Light Tank M3''', which the British named the ''Stuart''. At its basis, the light tank had a 37 mm cannon with a similar layout as the M2 light tank, with the radial engine at the rear and the transmission on the front, though the radial engine was in high demand so the Guiberson diesel T-1210 were fitted in some models to substitute the engine. The design used the VVSS bogie system seen on previous American tank designs. The tank had a crew of four: driver, assistant driver, gunner, and commander, who doubled as the loader.

The first variant of the M3 ''Stuart'' light tank was very similar to the M2 light tanks. It had five machine gun armaments scattered around like the M2, but featured better armour and a better cannon with the 37 mm M6 cannon. The design did not have a turret basket for the crew and it was constructed out of rivets, which increased the chance of spalling in the tank. Nevertheless, the first variant M3 saw about 5,811 units produced. The second variant, the '''[[M3A1 Stuart|M3A1 Stuart]]''', featured a new turret with no cupola on it, plus an added gun stabilizer. The machine guns on the hull sides were removed, so now the total machine guns was reduced from five to three. The design also featured a welded armour design to remove the weakness of riveted armour. 4,621 of this variant was produced from May 1942 to February 1943. The most used variant, the '''[[M5A1|M5A1 Stuart]]''', had a completely redesigned hull and turret, with the hull most notably having a full sloping frontal armour than the previous designs. This variant had about 6,810 units produced. All in all, the M3 light tank design and its variants were produced in massive quantities from March 1941 to October 1943 with a total of 25,000 units produced.

===Combat usage===
The British were the first to use the M3 ''Stuart'' in Africa in 1941, using it in Operation Crusader. However, the result ended with heavy losses, due to the better training the German Afrika Korps had compared to the British tank doctrine. The encounter also pointed out many flaws in the M3, mainly the cramped interior and limited operational range, but was praised for its high mobility and reliability when compared to the British contemporary designs. In 1942, the ''Stuarts'' were generally kept as recon units rather than combat units, and some were even modified to improve speed and range by removing the turret, and others were converted to armoured personnel carriers and command vehicles. Though the British used it extensively, it was still in small proportion compared to the American usage. The Soviet Union was also another user of the M3, but found it unfavorable due to their own logistics, plus it was not made to withstand the Russian ''Rasputitsa'' or even the winter. The Soviet eventually turned down any more offers for the ''Stuart'' by 1943. The M3s also supported the British and Chinese forces in Asia against the Japanese Army, and also France and Yugoslavia in Europe against the German Wehrmacht.

The Americans used it widely in both operational theaters. In the Pacific, the M3s were the first tanks America used in a tank vs. tank operation against the Imperial Japanese Army, where five M3s fought [[Ha-Go|Type 95 Ha-Gos]] in the Phillippines. Though the ''Stuarts'' were newer than the Japanese tank designs by about five years, they were seen as equal in performance and firepower, but the M3 benefited by the support of the American industry arm. The ''Stuarts'' served in the Pacific slightly better than its heavier counterparts such as the [[M4|M4 ''Shermans'']] due to its lighter weight and maneuverability in the poor jungle terrain, but the M3 ''Stuarts'' in the Pacific were gradually replaced by M4 ''Shermans'' due to heavy losses from its thinner armour. The M3 were also some of the first US tanks to be converted into flamethrower tanks, named as the ''"Satan"''. The Satan tanks provided favorable results to the concept of a flamethrower tank, and were replaced by flamethrower-equipped M4 ''Shermans'' in 1945.

In Europe, the M3 formed a large part of the American tank battalions, though following the British path by sidelining the ''Stuarts'' from combat duties after heavy losses and to serve alongside ''Shermans'' as scouting units. A typical tank battalion for the US Army consisted of three companies of ''Shermans'' and one of ''Stuarts''. Other than scouting, the M3s were also used in cavalry roles and infantry support since their cannon are unable to compete with the German tank designs. Despite their dwindling capabilities in battle, the M3 was kept in service up until the end of the war due to the large production numbers.

After World War II, the ''Stuarts'' were given out as cheap surplus, countries such as China, India, and Pakistan picked up a few and used them in their conflicts. Portuguese also picked up a few M3s for the war in Angola, and the South African Corps continued using the ''Stuarts'' until 1955, where some were still kept in service until 1968 due to available parts. Today, Paraguay is still a user of the M3 light tanks, though as the only tracked armour used in the country.

The ''Stuart'' light tank design was also quite versatile that it was made into different variants for different roles on the battlefield. It served as an infantry support vehicle as the ''[[M8 Scott|75mm GMC M8]]'' and experiments were also taken to see if it could be adapted to an anti-aircraft gun and a flamethrower as well. However, the M3 was becoming an aging design with inferior armour, cramped interior layout, and a small 37 mm gun, so a program to replace the light tank began in 1943 and became the [[M24|M24 ''Chaffee'']], which would eventually replace the M3 Light Tank mostly after World War II.

== Media ==

[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23m3_stuart Skins and camouflages for the M3 Stuart from live.warthunder.com.]

== Read also ==

* [[M2A4]]
* [[M3A1 Stuart|M3A1]]
* [[M5A1]]
* [[Pz.II C]]
* [[T-50]]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA light tanks}}

AH-1Z

2019-02-20T23:30:32Z

U63805183: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=ah_1z}}
{{Notice|''This page is about the aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''. For other uses, see [[AH-1_(Disambiguation)|AH-1 (Disambiguation)]]''}}
== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left|The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' in the garage]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American attack helicopter {{Battle-rating|1}}. This helicopter was introduced in [[Update_1.81_"The_Valkyries"|Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].
== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! ABN1K2-J
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
|}

====Details====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Critical components located at the front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* More fuel tanks located in wings near the fuselage

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===


      ''Main article: '''[[:Category:Suspended armaments|Bombs]]'''''-->

== Usage in the battles ==


===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can carry up to 16 TOW ATGMs (TOW-2 with modification)
* Flares
* One of the fastest helicopters in the game
* Can carry air-to-air missiles to take down aircraft
* Excellent ground attack capabilities.

*

'''Cons:'''

* Weak airframe can be taken down even by roof-mounted MGs from enemy tanks.
* Cannon fodder for dedicated SPAAGs
* Very slow, easy target for SPAAs and aircraft
* Priority target for the enemy team as you are extremely dangerous
* No armor whatsoever.

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA helicopters}}

OTOMATIC

2019-02-20T23:26:09Z

U63805183: /* Read also */

{{Specs-Card|code=it_otomatic}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage {{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened to '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating|1}}. This vehicle was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

The OTOMATIC is a radar-equipped SPAAG that is capable of shooting proximity fused frag rounds and can destroy planes even in a single, well-aimed shot. Shooting down aircraft should be the primary use of this vehicle at least until APFSDS rounds are unlocked, so staying in a cap zone is recommended, as the unit doesn't carry a lot of ammo (90 shells for a cannon with a 0.5s reload). When APFSDS are available, the OTOMATIC may defend capture points against enemy tanks as well, while still dealing with aircraft, or it can switch to a more mobile, MBT-like playstyle, mostly thanks to the excellent penetration of the sabot rounds and the two-axis stabiliser.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Structural steel (Radar equipment, Mudguards)
* Rubber-fabric screens

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (59°), 35 mm (81°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (52°) ''Lower glacis'' 25 mm (81°), 50 mm (30-46°) ''Ammo stowage hatch'' || 25-35 mm ''Top'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' || 25 mm (1-40°) || 30 mm (89°) ''Front'' 15 mm (89°) ''Rear'' 5 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 25 mm (25-45°) ''Turret front'' 25 mm (17-83°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (0-11°) || 25 mm (1-10°) || 15 mm
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 46.0 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 71 (AB)
|-
|65 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|1,179
|____
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|734
|____
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|25.63
|__.__
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|15.96
|__.__
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|OTO Breda Cannone da 76/62 (76 mm)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[OTO Breda Cannone da 76/62 (76 mm)|76 mm OTO Breda Cannone da 76/62]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 90 || -5°/+60° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 23.8 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 0.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| 76/62 SAPOM || APHE || 60 || 58 || 50 || 45 || 35 || 30
|-
| 76/62 APFSDS || APFSDS || 311 || 308 || 301 || 291 || 281 || 271
|-
| 76/62 HE-MOM || HE-VT* || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| 76/62 SAPOM || APHE || 910 || 6.4 || 1.3 || 15 || 662.4 || ° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| 76/62 APFSDS || APFSDS || 1580 || 2.2 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ° || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 76/62 HE-MOM || HE-VT* || 910 || 6.3 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 969.12 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''90''' || XX ''(X+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

This vehicle provides abundant play styles depending on how players are comfortable using it. You can take a full ammo load of 90 rounds and hide in a re-spawn point or building as a conventional SPAA. It can do this job very well, and you can also reduce the ammunition load to join your team on the front lines. The suggested ammo distribution is 12 APDSFS & 16 HE-VT, and 2 APHE shells) as additional firepower while intercepting aircraft.

The OTOMATIC is proficient in street combat; the fully-automatic gun allows you to ruin enemy troops in a brief amount of time.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Radar guidance system
* Equipped by default with HE-VT fuse shells capable of annihilating aircraft within 1-3 indirect hits. Direct hits usually destroy the aircraft in one blow
* Excellent scoped zoom for an SPAA.
* Immense fire rate for the gun calibre; 120 RPM for a 76 mm gun
* Two axis stabiliser
* APFSDS can penetrate up to 311 mm, enough to kill any top-tier MBT with a well-placed shot
* Equipped with APHE shells, capable of dealing with many light tanks and the XM-1
* Capable of taking out long-range helicopters with ammunition which does not explode until approximately 4.6 km away, allowing for shots well past the radar tracking range
* Doesn't hull break
* The OF-40 chassis provides reasonable protection and mobility (especially compared to the M163 and ZSU-23-4)
* Fantastic turret rotation and elevation speed

'''Cons:'''

* Turret has immensely thin armour, can be penetrated by other SPAA as well as secondary cannons from the MBT-70 or AMX-40
* Several turret-mounted ammo racks that are almost impossible ''not'' to hit
* APFSDS rounds are a tier IV modification
* APFSDS capacity limited to 12 rounds
* APFSDS has limited accuracy at range
* HE-VT has a max range about 4.6 km, shells will self destruct when fired past this distance
* Massive profile, straightforward to spot and shoot
* This vehicle's reputation precedes it. Enemies will show no mercy
* APHE's penetration is abysmal, and 62mm consistently fails to penetrate the sides of Abrams or T-64s/T-72s/T-80s
* Magazine capacity of 12 rounds. Every round must be individually loaded into the magazine, significantly increasing reload speed
* The gun doesn't elevate fully

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==

* [[SIDAM 25]]
* [[M247]]
* [[M163]]
* [[Falcon]]
* [[Chieftain Marksman]]
* [[ZSU-23-4|ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"]]
* [[Gepard]]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}

M3 (20 mm)

2019-02-20T23:21:44Z

U63805183: Article was empty before. Self explanatory.

== Description ==
The Army-Navy Model 3, or AN/M3 for short, was a 20mm aircraft-mounted autocannon used by both the US Army Air Forces (later the USAF) and US Navy. The cannon was based off of the British [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]], itself a modification of the Swiss Hispano-Suiza [[Hispano 404 (20 mm)|H.S.404]]. Compared to its earlier cousin, the [[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2]], the AN/M3 had a faster rate of fire and used lubrication, percussion-primed ammunition that was less prone to jamming, which was a major problem on the [[Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.II]]. Lubrication was provided by a pump that dropped semi-fluid lubricating oil (LSA) onto the rounds before firing. The gun had a gas-assisted blowback operation, with recoil being used to load the next round.

The US Navy extensively used the AN/M3 on fighters starting in late WW2 and until the 1950s, when they were replaced by more modern cannons and air-to-air missiles. The cannon was mounted, usually 2 to a wing, on planes such as the [[F4U-4B]] and later versions of the Corsair, the Grumman [[F8F-1B]] Bearcat, and the [[F9F-5|F9F Panther]] jet fighter.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

* [[F8F-1B]], [[F8F-1B (France)]]
* [[F4U-4B]]
* [[F4U-7]]
* [[F9F-2|F9F]] (all variants)

== General info ==
=== Available shells ===

=== Comparison with analogues ===
[[MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MG 151/20]] - Powerful Minengeschoss shells are superior to AN/M3 ammunition. However, the AN/M3 has faster fire rate and about 30 m/s faster shell velocity, making ranged shots easier. The AN/M3 also has more hitting power and is more consistent than its German cousin.

[[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]]- As the AN/M3 is an American copy of the Hispano Mk V, these two weapons are almost completely identical. Historically, the AN/M3 was more prone to jamming than its British counterpart.

[[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2]]- Superior in every way. The AN/M3 is more reliable and has higher fire rate compared to its older brother.

== Usage in the battles ==
The high fire rate of this cannon makes it a great choice for engaging almost any enemy fighter or bomber. The only limitation is the pilot's skill and the speed and maneuverability of the plane it is mounted on. The HEF-SAPI (High Explosive Fragmentation - Semi Armor Piercing Incendiary) round can easily rip wings into shreds or set fuel tanks on fire. However, it is important to fire in short bursts, as the high fire rate will drain your ammunition. Though not as prone to jamming as the [[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2]] before it, the AN/M3 can still jam easily if the New 20mm Cannons modification is not yet unlocked.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* '''HEF-SAPI ammo is great for tearing up wings and other modules.'''

* '''High fire rate'''
* '''Often 4 cannons are present on the aircraft, providing massive amounts of firepower.'''
* '''Stealth rounds have lots of HEI, HEF, and HEF-SAPI ammo. Lack of tracers makes it hard for enemies to evade shots.'''
* '''Often very generous amount of ammunition, as common on US aircraft.'''

*

'''Cons:'''

* '''Air Targets belt has no tracers (Air RB), making aiming hard.'''
* '''Prone to jamming, especially when stock.'''
* '''Tendency to spark and deal minimal damage, especially when hitting fuselages.'''
* '''Default belts are far inferior to the "air targets" and "stealth" belts.'''

*

== Historical part ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of this weapon. If the historical reference turns out to be big one, take it into a separate article and add a link to it by using the "main" template. In the end be sure to include references to sources.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
[[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2]]

[[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]]

[[F8F-1B]]

[[F4U-4B]]
== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_HS.404

http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_20mm_mk16.php

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

Ammo racks

2019-02-20T22:37:11Z

U63805183: added some tips about ammunition loading

=General=
Each ground vehicle has its ammunition stored in racks. Each vehicle has its individual rack configuration and each rack is carrying a specific number of shells. These racks can be seen in-game with X-Ray viewing mode (be sure to bind a key to 'Show the status of the vehicle modules' under Controls/Common Controls Tab/Basic Section).

==Rack types==
'''Single piece ammunition'''
Most tanks use single piece ammunition where projectiles and propellants are in one piece.

'''Two piece ammunition'''
Some high calibre cannon have two piece ammunition where projectiles and propellants are stored and loaded separately. Each piece has their own individual racks. These racks could synchronize depletion (for example [[Jagdtiger|Jagdtiger]]) or deplete independently of one another. (for example [[M103|M103]]).

'''Magazines and ammo boxes'''
Vehicles with automatic cannon(s) have their ammunition stored in magazines, clips, belts and/or ammo boxes. In the loadout screen ammunition amount is selected in magazines. For example, the [[Ostwind|Ostwind]] can load up to 125 magazines instead of 1000 shells.

'''Multi turret and multi cannon tanks'''
Multi-turreted and multi-cannon vehicles (for example [[T-35]] or [[M6A1|M6A1]]) have individual racks for each ammo type. Tanks like the [[Maus|Maus]] could also have three kinds of racks, 12.8 cm projectiles, 12.8 cm propellants and 7.5 cm shells.

'''Twin and Quad cannons'''
Some SPAA's have twin and quad mounts for their main armament. Each of these cannon gets loaded separately. Since all of its guns are firing in more or less a synchronized manner, it may look like the cannon are loaded as one. For example, the [[M13 MGMC|M13 MGMC]] holds 2*200 rounds in its two machine guns, while the game shows it as 400 rounds loaded.

==Rack depleting==
Racks vanish once all shells in that rack are depleted. For example, a rack carrying 6 shells vanishes once all of its six shells are depleted. However, see "Visual Discrepancy" below. The order in which the racks are depleted and vanish are hardcoded and can't be changed.

==Shell types==
Ammo racks are shared for all shell types loaded. It doesn't matter which shells are used first, the racks will always deplete in a given order (assuming the ammunition is all fired from one cannon).

==Visual discrepancy==
Currently, (Stand: 1.65 ) most tanks have a visual discrepancy of how many shells each rack contains. This may change in future patches, however the x-ray function is considered "for immersion" only, and is not intended to be dynamically accurate. See <ref>https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/349683-sherman-ii-ammo-racks/ </ref>

=Optimized ammo rack loadout=
The fastest way to get destroyed in War Thunder Ground Forces is by the detonation of the ammunition, resulting in a quick and fiery death. A way to increase survivability is to reduce the number of shells loaded on the tank. Survivability is greatly reduced while shells are stored in bundles, distributed all around the tank in different locations. These racks can be seen with x-ray view, and are consumed one by one (rack by rack, not shell by shell) when all shells in the rack are fired. Once a rack is gone/depleted, it cannot explode anymore, thereby decreasing the chance of getting 'ammo racked'.

Being 'ammo racked' is the situation in which a group of ammunition takes damage from enemy fire (gets shot by another tank) and causes the explosive mass in the ammunition to detonate. Any time ammunition inside the tank is detonated, it causes catastrophic damage to the tank.

Each tank has a different ammo rack setup and therefore, there is no universal rule on how much a lower ammo count increases survivability. Ammo racks in the turret are much more susceptible to being shot, but there is no guarantee that the ammo rack in the turret is the first to be expended.

===Loadout screen===
The loadout screen shows the number of unloaded shells in brackets. The number remaining to be loaded are a total of the max, and not per shell type.

Use this to gauge how much ammunition and how much of each type to bring when considering the number of ammo racks filled and survivability. Loading too little shells may result in you running out of ammunition in the heat of battle, while cramming as many shells in as possible increases the chance of an ammo explosion. Ammunition can be reloaded at any capture zone controlled by your team.

[[File:Ammoracks Loadout screen example.png|none|429px|frame|alt=Alt text|Example for the loadout screen for the '''M18 GMC'''; Loaded shells: ''(28+0+7+2=)'' '''37''', Maximum shells: '''45''', unused: '''(+8)''']]

=How to read the ammo rack tables=
The tables show the following information for each tank:

* '''Rank''' shows the rank of the vehicle.
* '''BR''' shows the Arcade Battle Rating
* '''Type''' shows the tank types: '''LT''' - Light tank, '''MT''' - Medium tank, '''HT''' - Heavy tank, '''TD''' - Tank destroyer, '''AA''' - Anti Air vehicles
* '''Tank''' shows the name of the tank
** It also shows if the racks in its row are for the '''Main''' or '''Secondary''' weapon or if it is for '''Projectiles''' or '''Propellants'''
* '''Full ammo''' shows the maximum number of shells that can be loaded
* '''x'th rack empty''' shows the number of shells that can be loaded to have the listed rack be depleted (thereby removing it from the tank). For example, the US M2A4 light tank can load a maximum of 103 shells and has three ammo racks. When loading only 69 shells, the first rack is removed.
** The numbers in the brackets are just there to help adjust the shell load in the loading screen. Read more about it in the next section.
** The number of racks per tank can be determined by the number of columns that tank has the table. Only a very limited number of tanks have more then ten racks and are mentioned in the comments column.
* '''Visual discrepancy''' shows if there is a visual difference in X-Ray view of the number of shells per rack and the amount that the game counts.
* '''Recommendations''' shows a recommendation for a possible optimal loadout. Depending on the play-style, there may be a preference of more or fewer shells.
* '''Comments''' shows miscellaneous comments related to the tank, or its racks.
* '''Image''' shows a X-Ray image of the tank with the order in which racks are depleted.

===Stand===
Most of the data for the tables was collected on Version '''1.49.8.73''' and may change with future patches.

Last update: '''1.55.2.46'''

=Ammo rack tables=

=Additional information (links)=
Related forum thread: http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/246940-ammo-racks/

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Ammunition]]

OS2U-3

2019-02-20T22:13:49Z

U63805183: grammar fixes and removed extra opinions written by previous editors on the plane

{{Specs-Card|code=os2u_3}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_OS2U-3.jpg|450px|thumbnail|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American hydroplane {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.29, however the vehicle was removed from the American air forces tree in [[Update_1.57_"Battle_March"|Update 1.57 "Battle March"]]. Those players who acquired the aircraft before it was removed still have access to it. It can still be researched by players who unlock the [[OS2U-1]] via reaching rank II for the American naval tree.

The OS2U-3 Kingfisher is a delicate, eye appealing float plane of mid-wing monoplane design with a large central float and two smaller floats, one under each wing. Designed in second half of the 1930s, it served throughout WW2, primarily in the US Navy as catapult launched scout planes. As such it had long range and it was often used for Search and Rescue operations. In War Thunder it is classified as a bomber and placed at [[:Category:First_rank_aircraft|Rank 1]] in US Navy branch, immediately after its predecessor, the [[OS2U-1|OS2U-1]]. The main differences from the [[OS2U-1]] are additional self-sealing fuel tanks in the wings and armor protection for pilot (seat and windshield).

The Kingfisher is not an agile plane and has a low top speed. Offensive armament consists of only a single [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm]] (0.30 cal) gun with 500 rounds which requires prolonged periods of time with sights on target to reliably do significant damage. It also has a defensive gunner also equipped with a 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, however while his firing arc is relatively wide, it does not cover six o'clock low (low and behind the plane), so be wary of enemies approaching from that angle. Occasionally it will set an enemy on fire, snipe his pilot, or even do [[Damage mechanics#Aircraft|critical damage]] but frequency of this happening strongly depends on the [[Crew_skills#Defensive_armament|gunner's skill]]. Also, one could take the gunner view and try shooting the enemy down.

In addition, the Kingfisher can carry two 100 lb bombs capable of destroying most ground targets and landing crafts, however, these require extreme accuracy since they are very weak and have a small blast radius.

For these reasons the Kingfisher is among most players considered overall bad plane, but do not be discouraged. Sure, this is no [[:Category:Currency_and_research_points|RP and lions]] farming machine but mostly in Realistic and Simulator battles it can be fun to immerse oneself in the fun environment of low-tier battles.

[[Guide_to_manual_engine_controls|Overheating]] is not an issue with Kingfisher. The relatively low power air-cooled engine will not overheat while keeping it at 100% throttle even on warm maps (Pacific, Mediterranean, etc.). Overheating temperature for oil is 105°C and for the engine, 260°C. The effectiveness of oil cooling is more dependent on air temperature and engine cooling on speeds at which air travels over the engine. WEPing for long periods will overheat the engine in most conditions, while oil will overheat only at low altitudes (< 2 km on warm maps). To cool down, simply pull throttle back from WEP to 100%.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

====Stat card====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 278 || 527 || 6,130 || 35.6 || 39.0 || 11.9 || 12.4 || 305
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 306 || 565 || 6,130 || 31.1 || 33.1 || 17.2 || 14.1 || 305
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 405 || 350 || 360 || ~18 || ~18
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 200 || < 200 || < 240 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,376 m || 400 hp || 450 hp
|-
|}

====Engine performance====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine Name
! colspan="3" | Number present
|-
| colspan="3" | Pratt & Whitney R-985-48 9-cylinder || colspan="1" | 1
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine characteristics
|-
! colspan="2" | Weight (each)
! colspan="1" | Type
! colspan="1" | Cooling
|-
| colspan="2" | 290 kg || Radial || Air
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Stock)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | 364 hp || colspan="2" | 415 hp
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | 360 hp || colspan="2" | 411 hp
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Upgraded)
|-
! Mode
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | 446 hp || colspan="2" | 496 hp
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | 400 hp || colspan="2" | 450 hp
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | WEP Duration
|-
! colspan="2" | Arcade
! colspan="2" | Realistic/Simulator
|-
| colspan="2" | 25 seconds || colspan="2" | Infinite
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured. Describe the armour, if there is any, also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 × 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)}}

The option available for the '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' are:

* 2 × 100 lbs AN-M30A1 bombs

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 7.62 mm [[Browning (7.62 mm)|Browning]] machine gun, dorsal turret (600 rpg)

== Usage in the battles ==

Kingfisher is classified as a bomber and as such it spawns at altitude. Primarily, it should be used in ground attack role across all game modes. If possible, stay out of sight of the enemy and try to take indirect routes to desired targets. Single 7.62 mm gun is capable of destroying artillery, AAA (stationary and on trucks) and armored cars. Tanks and light pillboxes cannot be destroyed with such a small MG caliber but only with bombs. Cargo ships will require a single 100 lb hit on deck. Landing crafts may be taken out by gunfire but will require lots of hits.

[[File:Diagram Kingfisher principal bombing attack dive run.png|x220px|thumbnail|right|Principal way of accurate dive bombing with the Kingfisher.]]
===Arcade battles===
At the start of the battle dive to the side and let the team to engage first enemy wave. Then when they are engaged in fight and distracted approach enemy ground targets. As the main goal is to remain undetected as long as possible always choose targets closer to the edge of the map.

When lower than the enemy it is harder for him to see the OS2U against the ground. Also, enemy must approach much closer before the marker (name tag) shows up while at the same time his marker will show earlier. What distance will enemy's marker show up depends on weather conditions (clouds), altitude difference and [[Crew_skills#Pilot|pilot's skill]].

If more maneuverable enemy gets on the OS2U's six (any biplane and most of monoplane fighters), and is unshakeable, try jerking, shaking and changing heading in random fashion while the gunner does his work. Arcade flight model is more forgiving and will allow some aerobatics. This is especially viable if the enemy has only low caliber guns such as Kingfisher's. Use this time to reach friendlies. Alternatively, get in the gunner's view and try to deal damage to the attacker.

Even though it has no wheels it can land on airfields but touchdown must be gentle and at low speed to avoid serious damage. After repairs it will be spawned in the air. In "Domination" mode, where the goal is to seize enemy airfields by landing on them, Kingfisher can be used for capture but once landed it cannot takeoff immediately. This coupled with dynamic nature of arcade battles usually leads to loss of the aircraft, therefore it is best to use it in last effort to turn the tide of the battle.

===Realistic battles===
This is where bomber spawn comes in handy. Dive to the side of the map and start approach to remote enemy ground targets. By doing so chance to be detected by the enemy is minimized even more so than in Arcade. Observe the sky and report any spotted enemies to the team.

In RB and SB modes flight model is realistic and the lack of powerful engine will be obvious. Thanks to its low Power to Mass ratio of about 0,13 kW/kg ([[P-26A-33|P-26A Peashooter]] has 0,29 kW/kg) acceleration and climb rate are very poor. Energy retention is not Kingfisher's strong side either. Every hard turn will drain its energy and it will lose altitude rapidly. Attempts of performing any difficult maneuvers, such as loop, are not advised before gaining some altitude and reaching decent speed (over 200 km/h IAS) otherwise the plane will stall out and plunge in the ground or become an easy target.

Since Kingfisher was never equipped with a bomb sight there is no bombing reticle in RB. Another important thing is that in this mode both bombs will drop at the same time. Therefore, dive bombing technique is to be used. To hit a target climb a few hundred meters (250 m at least), line up with the target at least 1 km out to avoid lateral movement at final approach, when 500 m from the target start diving at an angle (30° or more – steeper the angle and higher the speed, less lead on target is needed), aim just above it, drop the load and pull out. Light tanks should be attacked from the back as it is easier to follow their movement. Try this in test flight before trying to pull it off in a battle.

Bombs can be set to explode not on impact, but with delay, too. This option makes ground attack safer since it gives the attacking aircraft more time to exit the blast radius. Kingfisher has a few things in its favor when preforming dive attacks. First, low speed and low wing loading make pulling out close to the ground very easy. This means higher chance of scoring a hit. Another thing is small blast radius. While it requires high precision at the same time it lowers the chance to cause damage to the aircraft. If chosen to perform low bomb release 1 sec delay will give enough time to leave the blast radius and avoid damage.

After offensive ammo has been consumed ground attack can be continued with gunner's MG which has unlimited ammo. Approach the target in low level flight, after passing it pull up in shallow climb and switch to gunner's view to destroy it. 
When landing on water aircraft must be close to a carrier to repair. Approach it from the stern and stop at bow because most carriers will be moving and plane needs to stand still during repair/reload.

===Simulator battles===
Aircraft's characteristics and advice mentioned in Realistic battles section apply to Simulator mode as well.

Cockpit visibility is decent but thanks to gunner's view this aircraft has excellent potential for situation awareness in simulator mode and this is what sets Kingfisher apart from majority of its opponents. Zooming in while in cockpit will activate telescopic sight which, while great for landing shots on distant targets, may be slightly bothersome because it narrows the field of view.

===Events===
Once in a while under in-game Events & Tournaments tab there will be [[:Category:Game_modes#Floats|Floats event]]. It is Arcade event for float planes such as Kingfisher in which, among others, it will encounter [[H6K4]], and [[PBY-5a Catalina|PBY-5a]]. Stay away from their six because their gunners will shred Kingfisher to pieces in matter of seconds. Wait for them to land in an attempt to capture zone, then drop 2 x 100 lbs on them.

===Modules===
First modification to research should be Mk. 41 which allows installation of two 100 lb bombs. Next, focus on performance and survivability upgrades: fuselage repair, radiator, compressor, engine, wing repair, airframe and cover. Weapons upgrades can be left for last. These will allow the use of more effective ammo belts.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Automatic pitch || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Combined || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Bomber spawn.
* Gets to participate in Floats event (infinite fun).
* Can land on water.
* Telescopic sight (RB).
* High minimum fuel load.

'''Cons:'''

* Low top speed.
* Poor acceleration.
* Poor climb rate.
* Low Power to Mass ratio.
* Small burst mass due to single 7.62 mm.
* Poor energy retention.
* No bombing reticle in RB, SB.
* Telescopic sight (SB).

== History ==

OS2U Kingfisher built by Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft Division was catapult-launched observation floatplane designed by Rex Beisel (a design engineer responsible for F4U Corsair). Kingfisher was assembled using a revolutionary spot welding construction which created a smooth fuselage that generated less drag. It also had number of innovative features, such as deflector plate flaps and drooping ailerons used to create additional lift at low speeds which improved control of the plane.<ref name="Noles p.67">Noles, J. L. Jr (2005, February/March). Old Slow and Ugly. Air & Space, p. 67.</ref>

First prototype XOS2U-1 flew in 1938 and first production variant was delivered in early 1940.<ref name="smithsonian national air and space museum">Vought OS2U-3 Kingfisher. (2015, May 05) Retrieved from [http://airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?object=nasm_A19610106000]</ref> Despite its modest performance it gradually started replacing Curtiss SOC Seagull biplane and ended up as U.S. Navy's main ship-launched scout plane during WW2. It stayed in use much longer than expected because its successor Curtiss SO3C Seamew suffered from various issues, most notably engine failures.

OS2U-3 first flew on 17 May 1941. It was very similar to OS2U-1. Main difference from its predecessor was additional self-sealing fuel tanks in the wings and improved armor protection for the pilot. It had a 450 hp (336 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-985-AN2 engine (all Kingfishers were powered by different versions of this engine).<ref name="Noles p.68">Noles, J. L. Jr (2005, February/March). Old Slow and Ugly. Air & Space, p. 68</ref> It was armed with a 7.62 mm gun in the nose (hidden inside engine compartment) and a 7.62 mm gun in dorsal turret on flexible ring mount. Also, apart from 100 lb (45 kg) bombs it was able to load 325 lb (147 kg) of depth charges. The OS2U-3 was the most produced variant with just over 1000 units built. It was the only exported variant and it served in many countries from Uruguay to Australia including the Soviet Union aboard cruiser Murmansk (USS Milwaukee). Last of the Kingfishers were withdrawn from service on Cuba in 1959.

[[File:OS2U returning to USS Massachusetts BB-59 1944.jpg|x200px|thumbnail|right|Kingfisher landing near USS Massachusetts in 1944.]]

While some were deployed to land bases (OS2U-2 installed with wheels instead floats were mostly used for training) most of Kingfishers operated from U.S. Navy's heavy and light cruisers and battleships. Violent launch was done into the wind by catapult powered with a cannon shell. Landing required ship to make a turn in order to create patch of relatively calm sea surface where Kingfisher could land and then taxi to the “sled” used to pull it closer to the ship's crane which would hoist it back on deck.

In the early 1940s seaborne radar was a rarity and still primitive, the eyes and ears of a fleet of warships were limited at best. This is where the observation aircraft was imperative. A battleship would launch a Kingfisher seaplane and the aircraft could then patrol the surrounding seas for hundreds of miles for hours at a time. Depending on the threat, the Kingfisher might be looking for anything as huge as an enemy fleet or as small and deadly as a single enemy submarine. In the case of the latter, the Kingfisher had teeth of its own: even with its limited payload, Kingfishers assisted in the sinking of U-Boats U-576 and U-176. Simply finding a target or enemy fleet was of immense use to the bridge crew of a warship, but the Kingfisher could do more. Once an enemy fleet was identified it was almost inevitable that an engagement would take place – even in the 1940s, naval guns were well capable of firing shells in excess of 20 miles. The Kingfisher could fly over an enemy fleet and report directly back to the bridge crew of any warship within its own fleet, giving real time feedback of the accuracy of shot and corrections to bring the tremendous firepower onto a target. Furthermore, the importance of naval gunfire did not stop with engaging other vessels: carrying some of the largest guns in the entire world on a mobile platform, battleships were the ultimate fire support during an amphibious assault. As US Marines fought their way from beachheads all across the Pacific theatre, the guns of the fleet were often there to eliminate concentrations of enemy troops and heavy defensive positions. Again, the Kingfisher was ideally placed to ensure this supporting fire was accurately and efficiently delivered.<ref name="Ugly Ducklings">Barber, M. (2015, April 17). Ugly Ducklings – The Vought OS2U Kingfisher. Retrieved from [http://warthunder.com/en/news/803-Ugly-Ducklings--The-Vought-OS2U-Kingfisher-en]</ref>

Even though it was used in many different roles, as trainer, bomber, anti-submarine platform in the Atlantic, scout, naval gunfire spotter etc. the Kingfisher was most respectable for Search and Rescue missions where it was involved in saving downed airmen in the Pacific. On one occasion in 1942 over Pacific a B-17D became disoriented, ran out of fuel and ditched. After drifting for several weeks without food and water crew and passengers were rescued by a Kingfisher. With all the survivors on its wings it could not take off and started taxing to nearest island before being relived by a torpedo boat. However, most notable rescue happened in 1944 over Guam when a Kingfisher of USS Indiana rescued two downed airmen despite being exposed to fire from several nearby Japanese artillery positions.<ref name="smithsonian national air and space museum" />

The only confirmed kill scored with Kingfisher happened on 16 February 1945 at Iwo Jima where Lieutenant D.W. Gandy shot down a Zero fighter.

== Media ==
=== Camouflages & skins ===
[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23os2u '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the OS2U from live.warthunder.com.]

*[http://live.warthunder.com/post/43778/ '''"Special skin for 'Floats!' event"''' by ''Kulcsos12'']
*[http://live.warthunder.com/post/55918/ '''"The Squid Pack"''' - Eel by ''Chobittsu'']
*[http://live.warthunder.com/post/138228/ '''"Dark blue"''' by ''OraMagic'']

=== Videos ===

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kZ2IZKgyCM Realistic gameplay: '''"Derp Thunder - War Thunder Gameplay"''' by ''BaronVonGamez'']
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Inel3b6ZsY8 Kingfisher vs. Kingfisher: '''"War Thunder- OS2U Fight to the DEATH- War Thunder Custom Battle"''' by ''PhlyDaily'']
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsbS91b3UM4 Arcade challenge: '''"War Thunder Planes: The Kingfisher Challenge"''' by ''Krebs'']

==References==
<references />

== Read also ==

* Text of this page was written for the [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/232511-competition-wt-wiki-combat-training-closed/ Wiki competition "Combat training"] by [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/user/278022-angel-maker/ Angel_Maker]. [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/233313-wikicontest-os2u-3-kingfisher/ Link to original contest entry article.]
*[http://warthunder.com/en/news/803-Ugly-Ducklings--The-Vought-OS2U-Kingfisher-en Ugly Ducklings article by Mark Barber]
*[http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/21444-os2u-kingfisher-13-version/ Official forum discussion on OS2U-3 Kingfisher]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA attackers}}

P-47D-28

2019-02-20T22:01:35Z

U63805183: Fixed errors in the history section, including poor grammar

{{Specs-Card|code=p-47d-28}}
{{Notice|''This page is about the aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''. For other uses, see [[P-47_(Disambiguation)|P-47 (Disambiguation)]]''}}
== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''P-47D-28 ''Thunderbolt''''' is a Rank III American strike fighter with a battle rating of 3.3 (AB), 4.7 (RB), and 4.3 (SB). It was introduced in Update 1.33.

The Thunderbolt was originally designed for high altitude bomber escort role, but due to limited range, it was not very successful on the European theatre of operations where it couldn't escort the bombers all the way to their target. The newer P-51B/C and later P-51D fitted with a Merlin engine turned out to be a much better long range, high altitude escort fighter, and the P-47 was relegated to other duties. Due to the Thunderbolt's large size and strong construction, the aircraft was well suited for carrying large amounts of air-to-ground ordnance, and was often used in ground attack role against small targets that level bombers could not reliably hit, such as bridges.

In War Thunder, much like in real life, all Thunderbolt variants have tremendous potential as a high altitude fighter, but can also be used very effectively as ground attack aircraft, thanks to their impressive payload capacity. When fighting against enemy aircraft, boom and zoom tactics are a must, never try to dogfight with the 'Jug'. When diving on a target, if you don't secure the kill, don't try to turn and finish him, use the speed you built in the dive and climb up, circle around and do it all again. Don't be afraid to go head-on; you have a radial engine and eight x fifty-caliber machine guns.

Except for having a different propeller, and (as of patch 1.77) 70" HG of boost, there are very few differences between the [[P-47D-25|P-47D-'''25''']] and D-28. The D-25 uses a Hamilton Standard Hydromatic 13 ft. 7/8 in. diameter propeller, while the D-28 uses a Curtiss Electric "sleeved" propeller with 13 ft diameter. Despite a popular misconception that the D-28 uses a "paddle-blade" propeller while the D-25 doesn't, both were actually called "paddle-blade" propellers, and offered virtually identical performance. The origin of this misconception is that the early Thunderbolt variants used a smaller Curtiss Electric propeller with only 12 ft. 2 in. diameter, which proved insufficient for the R-2800 engine's power output. Larger propellers were needed to transform more engine power into thrust, giving the Thunderbolt a boost in climb rate and acceleration. These propellers were used starting from the Thunderbolt D-series manufacturing block 22 (P-47D-22) and the main distinction between these propellers was simply that aircraft manufactured on Republic's Evansville plant received the new Curtiss Electric propellers, while the Long Island manufacturing facility used Hamilton Standard propellers.

Compared to the D-25, the D-28 variant offers the M10 Bazookas as an additional armament option, although its better to use the HVAR rockets as it is far more destructive than the bazookas.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,114 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 660 || 653 || 12,500 || 26.6 || 27.2 || 5.4 || 7.2 || 700
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,114 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 733 || 695 || 12,500 || 23.4 || 25.0 || 18.0 || 10.6 || 700
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 885 || 450 || 520 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 380 || < 452 || < 450 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 7,350 m || 2,000 hp || 2,300 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Critical components located at front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* More fuel tanks located in wings near fuselage

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Suspended armaments}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 8 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, wing-mounted (425 rpg = 3400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|HVAR|M8}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinances:

* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs + 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (2,500 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs + 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (2,500 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 3 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 10 x 127 mm HVAR rockets
* 6 x M8 rockets
* 6 x M8 rockets + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)


== Usage in the battles ==

Always maintain speed. The P-47 handles like a dream at about 350-400 mph (563-643 km/h), but once it gets to >220 mph it handles like a pig dipped in mud. One great thing about the handling at high speed, though, is that the P-47 responds quickly at high speeds, and this allows some impressive defensive scissoring without losing wings at terminal velocity. The high-wingloading is an issue, though, as the Jug will lose most of its energy in a blackout turn. This does endow the Jug with one key feature- it is a rock-solid gun platform.

Unfortunately, zoom-climbing and dive acceleration are not the "Jug's" forte. The BF-109 has a superior dive acceleration, and the Fw 190 can zoom-climb far faster. Still, the energy retention of the P-47 is great, along with the fact that it flies far faster than both the Würger and Messerschmitt. The P-47 is NOT A TURN-FIGHTER. Although it is possible to out-turn a heavy fighter like the BF-110 C or Do 217, it is not recommended- the acceleration is mediocre, and once a P-47 is a sitting duck, it will be be swarmed like flies to fruit in a compost pile. Acrobatic pilots will not be impressed by the P-47 as well, because it performs Immelmans very sluggishly and the roll rate is not magnificent as well.

Durability, like mentioned above, is pretty good. As in WW2 itself, the P-47 was renowned for its rugged construction. In War Thunder, the biggest weak point of the P-47 is its engine and wings. The wings can break fairly easily in maneuvers at speeds around ~ 675.9 kph or so. They also tend to break after a well placed cannon burst (from planes like the FW-190, A6M2/3). The engine though is also fairly susceptible to catching fire while chasing a bomber, but this is not due to its durability, but to its size. Speaking of fire, the P-47D will be heavily damaged by the time it pulls itself out of a fire. One should immediately try to limp home if set aflame.

Performance of the P-47 at altitude is very good, but once you go above about 9,000 meters (~30,000 feet, its critical altitude), any energy lost will have to be regained by diving and losing altitude. Even though the D-28 now gets 70" boost (which is significantly more than the D-25), it still will have some troubles accelerating and climbing. Keep in mind that this boost is only achieved on WEP, although on military power it still has 65" of boost.

When used skillfully, the tracer rounds can be used to "derp", because of the high caliber (for a machine gun) and fire rate, tracers can be absolutely terrifying to anyone attacked by them. However, due to the "scare" effect and low take down capabilities, the tracers have limited practical use.
=====Modes=====
'''Arcade''': In Arcade, the P-47 can make the most of its capability. In Arcade, engine overheating is not a problem and the "Jug" can get an air start. Keep WEP on automatic, and climb as high as possible. Watch out for Spitfires, Fws, and Bf 109s, which have the capability to climb as high and as quickly as the P-47. Once a height of around 4,000 - 5,000 m is reached (bomber level), go for the bombers. If rockets are equipped, expend them against the bombers. Then initiate the tactics seen in "Shredding Planes". You CAN stay at altitude and prey on any high-flying prey. Beware, the Fw 190 will be your competitor as well.

'''Realistic''': In realistic, one has to be much more careful with how he/she uses the P-47. On takeoff, climb to as high as possible before an engine overheat. If Radiator is installed overheating will still be a problem, but not nearly as bad a one as a stock P-47 will be. If overheating does occur, pull the throttle to around 80% and do a slow climb away from the enemy. Once high enough, attack high-altitude marauders or use BnZ. In high speed dives (BnZ), make sure not to make "blackout" turns, because the "Jug" will rip its wings, even though it has fantastic durability. Keep in mind the fact that the plane will respond more sluggishly in Realistic- one should not try to be an acrobat.

'''Simulator''': The "Jug" is one of the best planes available for SB. Not only is the only fighter with a full-blown "bubble canopy" to provide a great view, but it also has full high-caliber machine gun armament, which is invaluable for beginners. The machine guns are very forgiving due to easy adjustment, high rate of fire, and large ammunition capacity. Take advantage of the high durability, as well. Other than that the physics of the "Jug" are identical to RB.

In RB and SB one has to be precise with the ordnance. It is recommended to use the P-47 almost like a dive bomber to have the best accuracy possible.

=====Armament tips=====
'''''Offensive guns''''' 
The 8 Browning M2 Machine Guns pack great punch when used correctly. Long bursts are the forte of the guns, not conservative bursts that one would normally use on a cannon-armed fighter (Fw 190). One should also make the most of the low caliber by using stealth (the tracers are a waste, as the the machine guns do not require as much firing accuracy as cannon- you can spray those M2s!), or belts such as Ground Targets, as wing spars were nerfed in Patch 1.69, as well as AP being buffed. Fire from about .8-1.2 km at max. The M2s are very accurate and have a minimal drop, so long range harassing fire can be quite effective. However, depending on one's pilot aiming skills and his/her own, it may be better to fire from around .3-.5 km. Firing closer to the target is also very advantageous in Boom & Zoom, because the high dive speed and inability low turn rate (if the opponent manoeuvers)- one does not want to lose a kill by firing from too far behind and then diving past his/her prey because one's opponent simply turned. The high burst mass output (4.44 kg, compared to the 5.17 kg of the Beaufighter) combined with the high ammunition capacity and accurate and straight-firing M2s make the P-47 one of the deadliest opponents in the 3.7-4.7 BR range.

The ammunition capacity is pretty good, but do not expect it to last for too long (they are MGs, after all). Therefore, do not just aim for the body of any plane. Try to aim for the wings and possibly tail. These are weak points that can result in relatively quick kills. The MGs can rip control surfaces off of any foe quickly, and are extremely effective against the wings of opponents.

'''''Payloads''''' 
The P-47 is one of the most famous WWII ground attack planes- no wonder it was named the "Jug"! In War Thunder, the load it can carry is frightfully large- 3 large bombs (2 1000 lb, 1 500 lb) and a max of 10 HVAR rockets. Indeed, the P-47 is better equipped than an [[A-20G-25|A-20]], which is still largely used even in BR 3-4 battles. Thus, a P-47 can be vital to a Ground-Strike mission. Its speed, combined with climb rate and durability make it a great attacker on its own.

Like mentioned above, the P-47 Thunderbolt's 8 M2 Brownings make a pretty effective strafing weapons if used properly. When equipped with Ground-Attack ammunition, they can effectively take out most "Soft" targets, (light pillboxes, etc.).

The D-28 has two different rocket types to choose from: Bazookas and High-Velocity-Attack-Rockets. The latter is simply far superior to the former, as currently the Bazookas do not have their HEAT warhead modeled.

In full maximum payload the Jug is difficult to take off in or to handle. With three bombs + ten rockets dive bombing attacks are nigh impossible to manage from low altitudes, especially if one intends to keep the second bomb drop (2 x 1,000 lb). For combined forces it is therefore suggested to only equip 2 x 1,000+ 10 x HVAR and ignore the 500 lb for superior speed and handling.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

Planes that the P-47 will face will be between the 3.7 and 5.7 BR range. Depending on what planes one equips, one can expect planes like the [[Fw 190 A-1]] to the [[Fw 190 A-4]], [[Bf 109 F-1]] to the [[Bf 109 F-4|F-4]].

====Counter-tactics====

Try to climb above the Jug. It does not climb well enough to remain on par with most planes, as it is very heavy. The Jug is bad at vertical maneuvers, so you can try using those (be careful, as he can still prop-hang you). The Jug is also not very good at low-to-medium speed maneuvers, although, again, BE CAREFUL. The Jug is surprisingly maneuverable for such a large plane, especially when its flaps are extended.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
| FMBC mk.1
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| FRC mk.2
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
| Rocket Launcher M10
|-
| IV
| G-Suit
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
| FLBC mk.1
|-
|}

* Climb rate and acceleration is a big issue for the stock P-47D. Focus on ''Compressor'', ''Engine'', ''Wing repairs'' and ''Engine Injection'' first. During this performance focused grind, you can additionally research ''Offensive 12.7 mm '' and the various payload modules to unlock the higher tiers for the better performance upgrades.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great at diving and Boom & Zoom
* Impressive firepower
* Impressive payloads
* Great engine performance above 6,000 m
* Fantastic gun platform- the 2 "quartets" of M2s are extremely accurate and in many cases as powerful as cannon
* Great high-speed handling
* Fantastic top speed in level flight
* Fantastic ground attack capability
* Good scissoring capability
* Great durability
* Great cockpit visibility
* Cools rapidly and can WEP for long duration of time without overheating
* Has 20 Mins of ADI
* Currently running 70" of boost, almost as high as P-47M, P-47N

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible turning radius at low altitude
* Mediocre climb performance (but fully spaded you can reach 20m/s at 15*)
* Engine prone to being set on fire
* Poor low-speed handling
* Large target
* Engine can overheat quickly if you constantly use WEP
* Machine guns are mounted very far apart

== History ==

Developed by Republic Aviation, the main role of the P-47 Thunderbolt was as a bomber escort, at high altitude the 'Jug' could contend with the latest from the Luftwaffe. The design was to also include much better protection for the pilot by having increased armor around the cockpit; however this increased its weight substantially. It was the first American fighter to receive more than the standard 6 x .50 caliber M2 Browning machine guns, with a total of 8 all together, making it the most powerful Allied aircraft in terms of firepower at the time. Thanks to its rugged design, the Thunderbolt was able to take a considerable beating, more so than other allied aircraft and with its sturdy air frame and large engine. The 'Jug' quickly took on the role of ground attack, able to arm itself with 2,500 lbs of bombs and rockets. All in all, the Thunderbolt was one of the most successful allied aircraft during the war, even with the introduction of the faster and more nimble P-51 Mustang, later modifications of the Thunderbolt would go on to see action in the later part of the Pacific Campaign against the Imperial Japanese Navy.

A total of 750 D-28 model P-47s were built. The aircraft is very similar to the [[P-47D-25]] except for one primary difference. This model introduced the Curtiss Electric 13ft paddle-blade propeller. The addition of this larger propeller helped cure the P-47's issues of low altitude climbing by converting more power from the enormous R-2800 engine into thrust.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA fighters}}

Bf 109 G-14

2019-02-20T03:39:43Z

U63805183: grammar edits

{{Specs-Card|code=bf-109g-14}}
{{Notice|''This page is about the aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''. For other uses, see [[Bf_109_(Disambiguation)|Bf 109 (Disambiguation)]]''}}
== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_Bf109G14.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''Bf 109 G-14''' is a Rank IV German fighter with a battle rating of 5.7 (AB) and 5.3 (RB/SB). It was introduced in Update 1.47 "Big Guns".

Just like it's predecessors, the G-14 should generally be utilized as an energy fighter/ Boom and Zoomer. While it's fairly more maneuverable than other Bf 109's, it's increased agility should be used for maintaining high speed and energy than dog fighting, which even the G-14 is only passable at best. Due to its excellent energy retention and climb rate, it is exceptionally good at stall fighting, since many fighters will not be able to keep up with its climb rate, giving it the opportunity to put overconfident pilots in vulnerable situations.

When it comes to selecting armament, it is largely dependent on the role the pilot intends to fulfill. Equipping bombs should generally only be considered as a last resort or when air cover is sufficient to facilitate tactical bombing. The very potent 30 mm cannon and gunpods should generally only be done if there is a significant threat from enemy bombers and heavy fighters. Keep in mind that while the 30 mm shells pack a high explosive filling, their muzzle velocity and ballistic coefficient results in a slow and fairly inaccurate shell. If chasing after enemy fighters, with a minimal profile exposed, it is not unusual to see 30 mm shells doing minimal damage to wings due to not detonating. Ideally, the 30 mm should only be fired against large frame aircraft from angles at which they expose the most of the plane's frame to ensure a detonation within the airframe. Keep also in mind that the Mk 108 only carries 65 rounds of ammo for the center-mounted cannon, and 35 per gunpod, making trigger pulls very costly (especially considering it's fire rate). As for belt selections for the Mk 108, it should generally be anything but the default belt due to the higher content of minegeschoß, shells, beyond that it is personal preference since the difference is only cosmetic.

Adding the twin 20 mm MG 151 gunpods, will substantially increase the G-14's fighting potential and longevity against other enemy fighters, due to carrying a total of 250 extra rounds. Additionally, the 20 mm's ballistic trajectory is very similar to the 13 mm machine guns, allowing for firing both weapons simultaneously at an enemy target. However keep in mind that the gunpods will run out of ammunition faster than the center-mounted one, so if it happens, it is usually a good indication of when it is time to head back to reload, as not much ammo will usually remain in the center mounted one afterward. As for belts, it should generally be stealth or air targets, since every other belt option either sacrifices explosive content and contains more tracer rounds in exchange for better ground attack capabilities which are very poor even with the armored targets belt.

Finally, keep in mind it is possible to carry both 13 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm weaponry, however, due to the 30 mm's aforementioned poor ballistic properties, it should be mapped to fire on a different button. Also remember that while gunpods can be swapped while on the airfield in game, the center-mounted cannon '''can't''' and can only be changed from the hangar.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 642 || 629 || 11,500 || 21.5 || 22.0 || 13.6 || 16.3? || 325
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,500 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || 11,500 || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || 325
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 790 || 450 || 520 || ~18 || ~10
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 390 || < 390 || < 470 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 7,800 m || 1,110 hp || 1,536 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 60 mm Bulletproof glass in front and rear of cockpit.
* 4-8 mm Steel plates on pilot seat.
* 10 mm Steel plates around pilot's head.
* 21 mm Steel plate on rear of fuel tank, with 4 mm plates surrounding it on other sides.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MK 108 (30 mm)|MG 131 (13 mm)}}

The Bf 109 G-14 is armed with:

* A choice between a 20 mm MG 151 or a 30 mm MK 108:
** 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose-mounted (200 rpg)
** 1 x 30 mm MK 108 cannon, nose-mounted (65 rpg)
* 2 x 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|SC250JA (250 kg)|MK 108 (30 mm)|MG 151/20 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following external ordinances:

* Without load
* 1 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (250 kg total)
* 2 x 30 mm MK 108 cannon, wing-mounted (35 rpg = 70 total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, wing-mounted (135 rpg = 270 total)


== Usage in the battles ==

The Bf 109 G-14 represents the utmost technological achievement of the Bf 109 Gustav series of aircraft. Like both the G-10 and the G-6, the G-14 can be modified for either bombing duties, intercepting bombers, or improving it's firepower against enemy fighter. However, the G-14 both possesses a more powerful engine and better maneuverability than it's predecessors.
===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair, Radiator
|
| Offensive 13 mm, ETC 500/IXb I
|-
| II
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 13 mm MGs, MK 108 Cannon
|-
| III
| Wing Repair, Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm, Offensive 30 mm, R6 Modification
|-
| IV
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 20 mm Cannons, New 30 mm Cannons, R5 Modification
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High climb rate
* Good dive speed
* Powerful and accurate armament with gunpods
* In comparison to the G6 good engine performance
* In comparison to the G2 good rear visibility
* The most maneuverable T4 Bf 109 in War Thunder, thanks to the working leading slats
* Outstanding energy retention

'''Cons:'''

* Not very maneuverable
* Very bad compression
* The standard 20 mm armament is lacking vs. heavy armored targets
* Belt options for the 20 mm MG151 outside of stealth or air targets serve little purpose.
* 30 mm Mk 108 cannons are ill-suited for anything but attacking bombers.
* The RIP Speed is @ 790 kph which makes power dives impossible
* Many allied are faster in a straight line.
* Relatively low ammo count
* Cockpit visibility by far not as good as in the Fw 190s or most allied fighters.
* Needs all performance upgrades to shine
* Outside of equipping bombs or rockets, the G-14 does not have anything to attack armored ground targets beyond armored cars.

== History ==

In 1943, the Bf 109 G-6 entered service, while its performance was less then stellar, its worth derived from the ability to be easily modified into dedicated fighter bomber, high altitude interceptor or reconnaissance. likewise great care was taken to make sure the G6 could fit heavy armament for attacking bombers, which were beginning to appear in force over Germany, and the shortcoming of the Fw 190's at high altitude became increasingly apparent.

In 1944, the RLM, wishing to standardize fighter production, approved the Bf 109 G-14, which essentially a standardized version of the 109, with all improvements found on late production G-6's, including an enlarged vertical tail surface, a new canopy and Flettner tabs, for better control at higher speeds. to easy construction, it had a non retracting tail wheel, and the distinctive bulges on the upper cowling, which housed the breechlocks of the machine guns.

In addition the new G-14 was fitted with a DB605ASM engine. itself a heavily modified engine also used in the early G-6. It features water-methanol injection, and an enlarged supercharger which is taken directly off a DB506, meaning the engine has better performance at high altitude, while conversely, it has less output at lower altitudes.

Serving alongside the 109 G-10 and K-4 in the later stages of the war, it proved to be a less then stellar performer, being outperformed by the newest types the Western Allies brought into service. However, it performed admirably in its role, and with a good pilot, was more then a match for the large majority of the Allied aircraft.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany fighters}}

H.35

2019-02-20T03:31:44Z

U63805183: minor grammar fix

{{Specs-Card|code=fr_hotchkiss_h35}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_H.35.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''Char léger Hotchkiss modèle 1935 H''' (Hotchkiss light tank model 1935) is a reserve French light tank with a battle rating of 1.0 (AB/RB/SB). It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]]. The H.35 was removed from the main tech tree during [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]]. During its session in the main tree, it was arguably the ''worst reserve vehicle in War Thunder''.

Combining a 17 years old gun from WWI, average armour, and a sub-par engine sounds like a bad tank design, right? Well someone did it anyways.

'''Mobility (?):'''

With its low speed, don't even dream of bold flanking manœuvres, you must rely on road and downhills in order to achieve a decent speed. Climbing hills and turning on the spot are also hard thing to achieve while driving this vehicle. The only thing "light" about this tank is the weight.

'''Firepower (?):'''

With only 36 mm of penetration, poor post-penetration damage and a long reload time, this tank's main gun is what gives the H.35 the running title as one of the ''worst reserve vehicles in War Thunder''. With -13° of depression, it is actually a very depressing gun to shoot.

'''Armour (!):'''

A light beneath shadows: armour is decent and it ''will'' protect you from incoming long-range shots... but nothing more than that. At close ranges, anything bigger than HMG fire can shred your tank very easily. If you're lucky enough to survive a shot, retreat and ask your allies for help.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 34 mm (8-87°) ''Front plate'' 22 mm (75-85°), 34 mm (31°) ''Front glacis'' 34 mm (30°) ''Lower glacis'' || 34 mm (1-33°) 34 mm (1-2°) || 34 mm (31°) ''Top'' 34 mm ''Bottom'' (7-32°) || 22 mm
|-
| Turret || 45 + 25 mm (5°) ''Turret front'' 45 mm (28-30°) ''Left side'' 25 mm (10-19°) ''Gun mantlet'' 35 mm (9-88°) ''Vision port'' || 40 mm (1-28°) 35 mm (8-87°) ''Vision ports'' || 40 mm (8-63°) || 25 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 40 mm || 40 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, bogies, and tracks are all 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 10.6 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 31 (AB)
|-
|28 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|90
|100
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|71
|75
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|8.49
|9.43
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|6.70
|7.07
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|SA18 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[SA18 (37 mm)|37 mm SA18]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 76 || -13°/+20° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 14.95 || 20.69 || _.__ || _.__ || 29.55
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 9.34 || 10.99 || _.__ || _.__ || 15.7
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 4.03 || _.__ || _.__ || 3.10
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Mle1937 || APCR || 36 || 33 || 24 || 16 || 8 || 5
|-
| Mle1892 || APHE || 13 || 12 || 7 || 4 || 2 || 2
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Mle1937 || APCR || 600 || 0.5 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| Mle1892 || APHE || 388 || 0.5 || 1.2 || 6.0 || 15 || ° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_H.35.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the H.35.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''76''' || 75 ''(+1)'' || 62 ''(+14)'' || 49 ''(+27)'' || 36 ''(+40)'' || 23 ''(+53)'' || 10 ''(+66)'' || 1 ''(+75)'' || style="text-align:left" | Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 2,400 (150) || 1,350 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battle ==

Playing the H.35 is a hard task. Having such a bad gun, it cannot reliably engage a fight without getting the first shot off; hence, one must stick with its teammates in order to survive an encounter. Never drag attention on yourself since anything bigger than HMG fire will shred you at normal combat ranges (~500 m).

====Tactics====

'''Hull down:'''

Since your turret armour is decent, a good way to use this tank can be to hide the hull behind a rock, an hill or any shell-proof prop and wait for the enemy to fall in your sights. This way, you will either be able to shoot at their weak side or have enough time to aim before they can react to your presence. Ensure yourself to pick a spot near a choke-point such as a capture point or a popular main road.

'''"Brawling":'''

In urban maps, narrow streets and crossroad allows for many flanking and close-quarter action: follow your team, always cover behind allied vehicles and don't bother stealing a kill from them since it's about the only good shots you will get on an enemy with such a poor vehicle.

'''Fleeing:'''

Turn your back to the enemy and use your engine deck as a shield for the crew. Use this tactic anytime you are left alone and go find yourself another teammate. Don't use your reverse speed since it's too low : turn back and flee, your armour is as thick as on the front of your tank. Never stop to try a shot since your pursuers have a way better gun than yours.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Decent armour for its BR (at distances).
* Good depression of -13°.
* Tiny target.
* Thick and sloped turret makes good hull-down position.
* Coaxial MAC 31 MG.

'''Cons:'''

* Arguably the '''worst''' beginner ground vehicle: very frustrating to play.
* It has the worst APCR-shot in the entire game.
* Reload time is ''twice'' as long as other main armaments at this BR.
* APCR deals only punctual damage: unable to one-shot anything but other French light tanks.
* APHE only has 15 mm of penetration.
* Not very mobile for a reserve light tank.
* Tracks are narrow, offering poor cross-country capability.
* HP/ton ratio is unsatisfying (8.49 HP/ton).
* Only two crew member allows for no survivability, and barely so with crew replenishment.

== History ==


== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

''ETC.''

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France light tanks}}

User:U63805183

2019-02-10T21:41:10Z

U63805183: Created page with "Hello there, it would seem if you have reached my page! However you made it here, I am an American player who almost exclusively plays RB for both ground and air battles. I..."

Hello there, it would seem if you have reached my page! However you made it here, I am an American player who almost exclusively plays RB for both ground and air battles. I do not play naval battles much and mainly play the USA and Germany. If you would like to play in a squad with me, feel free to search up my username in WarThunder and hope I'm awake.

OTOMATIC

2019-02-10T21:38:17Z

U63805183: Fixed serious grammar issues

{{Specs-Card|code=it_otomatic}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened to '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating|1}}. This vehicle was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

The OTOMATIC is a radar-equipped SPAAG that is capable of shooting proximity fused frag rounds, and can destroy planes even in a single, well-aimed shot; therefore, it should be used as such, at least until APFSDS rounds are unlocked, so staying in a cap zone is recommended, as the unit doesn't carry a lot of ammo (90 shells for a cannon with a 0.5s reload). When APFSDS are available, the OTOMATIC may defend capture points against enemy tanks as well, while still dealing with aircraft, or it can switch to a more mobile, MBT-like playstyle, mostly thanks to the good penetration of the sabot rounds and the two-axis stabilizer.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Structural steel (Radar equipment, Mudguards)
* Rubber-fabric screens

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (59°), 35 mm (81°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (52°) ''Lower glacis'' 25 mm (81°), 50 mm (30-46°) ''Ammo stowage hatch'' || 25-35 mm ''Top'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' || 25 mm (1-40°) || 30 mm (89°) ''Front'' 15 mm (89°) ''Rear'' 5 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 25 mm (25-45°) ''Turret front'' 25 mm (17-83°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (0-11°) || 25 mm (1-10°) || 15 mm
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 46.0 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 71 (AB)
|-
|65 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|1,179
|____
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|734
|____
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|25.63
|__.__
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|15.96
|__.__
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|OTO Breda Cannone da 76/62 (76 mm)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[OTO Breda Cannone da 76/62 (76 mm)|76 mm OTO Breda Cannone da 76/62]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 90 || -5°/+60° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 23.8 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 0.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| 76/62 SAPOM || APHE || 60 || 58 || 50 || 45 || 35 || 30
|-
| 76/62 APFSDS || APFSDS || 311 || 308 || 301 || 291 || 281 || 271
|-
| 76/62 HE-MOM || HE-VT* || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| 76/62 SAPOM || APHE || 910 || 6.4 || 1.3 || 15 || 662.4 || ° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| 76/62 APFSDS || APFSDS || 1580 || 2.2 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ° || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 76/62 HE-MOM || HE-VT* || 910 || 6.3 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 969.12 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''90''' || XX ''(X+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' ||  ''(+)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

This vehicle provides abundant play styles depending on how players are comfortable using it. You can take a full ammo load of 90 rounds and hide in a re-spawn point or building as a conventional SPAA. It can do this job very well and you can also reduce the ammunition load to join your team on the front lines. The suggested ammo distribution is 12 APDSFS & 16 HE-VT, and 2 APHE shells) as supplementary firepower while intercepting aircraft.

The OTOMATIC is proficient in street combat; the fully-automatic gun allows you to ruin enemy troops in a very short time.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Radar guidance system
* Equipped by default with HE-VT fuse shells capable of annihilating aircraft within 1-3 indirect hits. Direct hits usually destroy the aircraft in one blow
* Excellent scoped zoom for an SPAA.
* Immense fire rate for the gun calibre; 120 RPM for a 76 mm gun
* Two axis stabilizer
* APFSDS can penetrate up to 311 mm, enough to kill any top-tier MBT with a well-placed shot
* Equipped with APHE shells, capable of dealing with many light tanks and the XM-1
* Capable of taking out long-range helicopters, with shells that don't explode until about 4.6 km, allowing for shots well past the radar tracking range
* Doesn't hull break
* The OF-40 chassis provides reasonable protection and mobility (especially compared to the M163 and ZSU-23-4)
* Fantastic turret rotation and elevation speed

'''Cons:'''

* Turret has immensely thin armour, can be penetrated by other SPAA as well as secondary cannons from the MBT-70 or AMX-40
* Several turret-mounted ammo racks that are almost impossible ''not'' to hit
* APFSDS rounds are a tier IV modification
* APFSDS capacity limited to 12 rounds
* APFSDS has limited accuracy at range
* HE-VT has a max range about 4.6 km, shells will self destruct when fired past this distance
* Massive profile, very easy to spot and shoot
* This vehicle's reputation precedes it. Enemies will show no mercy
* APHE's penetration is abysmal, and 62mm consistently fails to penetrate the sides of Abrams or T-64s/T-72s/T-80s
* Magazine capacity of 12 rounds. Every round must be individually loaded into the magazine, greatly increasing reload speed
* The gun doesn't elevate fully

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

''ETC.''

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}