War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Tigris

2023-12-15T19:04:01Z

U51386188: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Hungarian heavy tank {{Battle-rating}} in the Italian tech tree. It was introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]]. Hungary used several Tiger I heavy tanks supplied by Germany towards the end of World War II.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola)


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull ||102 mm (9°) ''Front plate''
62 mm (80°) ''Front glacis''

102 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis''
|82 mm ''Top''
62 mm ''Bottom''
|82 mm (9°)||26 mm
|-
| Turret ||100 mm ''Turret front''
90 - 200 mm ''Gun mantlet''
|82 mm||82 mm||26 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" |80 mm (cylindrical)
| 26 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 

'''Notes:'''

* Turret front covered by gun mantlet has variable thickness depending on exact place, ranging from 90 to 200 mm of armour.
* Turret side (about 1/3) is covered by attached tracks, adding additional 30 mm of armour.
* While the hull side of the tank is 82 mm, the side where the suspension is located is only 62 mm thick so be aware of this weak point.
* On paper, the best angle is roughly 38.8° with armour all-round being from the front 130 mm.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK36 (88 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 92 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||9.71||13.44||16.32||18.05||19.20|| rowspan="2" |9.62|| rowspan="2" |8.51|| rowspan="2" |7.84|| rowspan="2" |7.40
|-
! ''Realistic''
|7.10||8.40||10.20||11.30||12.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK36 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39, Pzgr., Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr. L/4.5}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''92''' ||77 ''(+15)''||61 ''(+31)''||45 ''(+47)''||29 ''(+63)''||25 ''(+67)''||21 ''(+71)''|| No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

''Main article: '''[[MG34 (7.92 mm)]]'''''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
|Coaxial||4,350 (150)||900||N/A||N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* The gun mantlet, MG port and driver's port are particularly hard to penetrate due to their complex, varying shape and thickness
* Decent cannon with adequate accuracy and a range of shells to choose. Stock shell has great penetration and damage, and can knock out common opponents easily with a single shot (e.g. [[T-34-85]], [[M4A2 (76) W]], [[IS-1]], [[M6A1]]). Has another AP that sacrifices a bit penetration for more TNT
* One of the fastest heavy tanks with its top speed of 45 km/h, meaning it can get to some positions quickly alongside friendly medium tanks.
* The box-like hull shape gives the ability to angle. When angling the hull at around 40° and placing yourself far from the enemies (at least 500 m away) the Tigris can resist common tanks like the 76 mm Shermans, T-34-85s and [[M36 Jackson (Family)|M36]]
* Good reverse speed and hull traverse allows it to quickly angle for deflecting shells
* -8° gun depression works well in most hilly terrain
* The rear is surprisingly hard to penetrate, partially due to the slightly-angled armour and partly due to the large exhaust pipes which seem to deflect shells

* The strong gun makes it easy to destroy most opponents at the its battle rating with a single shot, even M4A3E2 Jumbo, as long as you carefully aim for the machine gun port
* Has access to track armour which can still be useful in the overall protection of the Tigris

*

'''Cons:'''

* Does not have access to smoke grenades, which could have helped escape an undesirable situation
* Weak and vertical armour protection. If not angling the Tigris can get destroyed easily by the T-34-85 or 76 mm Sherman. Even if the Tigris is angling, the [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]] can still knock it out with a single shot easily
* The upper front plate is extremely vulnerable if it is not angled. It will be penetrated by any vehicle at its battle rating
* Struggles to penetrate heavy targets frontally like the [[M4A3E2]], [[M26 (Family)|M26]] and [[IS-2 (1944)]]
* Rather slow acceleration limits its short range manoeuvrability
* Slow turret traverse makes it hard to respond to flankers quickly. The [[M18 GMC]] is very common at this BR
* Ammo storage at the hull sides are very easy to explode when hit
* Commander's cupola is tall and easy to penetrate
* Is a big and tall target, easy to get spotted and shot at
* S-Mine dischargers on the hull limits gun depression in certain areas
* Tracks are rather loud so enemies will most times hear you and will be alert, so surprise attacks will be difficult

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[Tiger E]]
* [[Tiger H1]]
* [[Heavy Tank No.6 (Japan)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy heavy tanks}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

Tigris

2023-12-15T18:57:33Z

U51386188: /* See also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Hungarian heavy tank {{Battle-rating}} in the Italian tech tree. It was introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]]. Hungary used several Tiger I heavy tanks supplied by Germany towards the end of World War II.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola)


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull ||102 mm (9°) ''Front plate''
62 mm (80°) ''Front glacis''

102 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis''
|82 mm ''Top''
62 mm ''Bottom''
|82 mm (9°)||26 mm
|-
| Turret ||100 mm ''Turret front''
90 - 200 mm ''Gun mantlet''
|82 mm||82 mm||26 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" |80 mm (cylindrical)
| 26 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 

'''Notes:'''

* Turret front covered by gun mantlet has variable thickness depending on exact place, ranging from 90 to 200 mm of armour.
* Turret side (about 1/3) is covered by attached tracks, adding additional 30 mm of armour.
* While the hull side of the tank is 82 mm, the side where the suspension is located is only 62 mm thick so be aware of this weak point.
* On paper, the best angle is roughly 38.8° with armour all-round being from the front 130 mm.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK36 (88 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 92 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||9.71||13.44||16.32||18.05||19.20|| rowspan="2" |9.62|| rowspan="2" |8.51|| rowspan="2" |7.84|| rowspan="2" |7.40
|-
! ''Realistic''
|7.10||8.40||10.20||11.30||12.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK36 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39, Pzgr., Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr. L/4.5}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''92''' ||77 ''(+15)''||61 ''(+31)''||45 ''(+47)''||29 ''(+63)''||25 ''(+67)''||21 ''(+71)''|| No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

''Main article: '''[[MG34 (7.92 mm)]]'''''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
|Coaxial||4,350 (150)||900||N/A||N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[Tiger E]]
* [[Tiger H1]]
* [[Heavy Tank No.6 (Japan)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy heavy tanks}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

Tiger E

2023-12-15T18:57:13Z

U51386188: /* See also */

{{About
| about = German heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tiger I (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|Sd.Kfz. Index:]] '''Sd.Kfz. 181''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.47 "Big Guns"]].

The Tiger E is the late production model of the Tiger I featuring steel road wheels and Zimmerit paste on the armour. The Tiger E also introduces the more powerful APCR ammunition for the 88 mm KwK 36 gun, a shorter commander cupola and the pintle-mounted MG.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:TigerIHTank Armour Angling.png|right|thumbnail|The ideal angling of hull armour on Tiger I for maximum effective armour all-around|300px]]
The armour of the Tiger E is decent at its rank for a heavy tank however if it is angled like the picture below ups its armour from the lacklustre 100 mm of flat homogeneous armour to an extreme 200-400 mm thick. The turret suffers from the same problem of flat armour but this is impossible to angle while still engaging an enemy tank. The side and rear armour are also pretty strong in comparison to the rest of the tanks in this rank however the armour will not protect you from most shells due to it being flat. If you don't angle, your front plate will be an easy target for your opponents.

While the hull armour is largely unchanged, turret armour has been improved a bit - the large, flat commander's cupola has been replaced by a much smaller, angled variant. The turret roof armour has been increased to 40 mm (historically as a reaction to increasing numbers of Allied attack planes) and the gun mantlet is slightly more durable with a 140 mm thick armour plate on the area that used to be the weakest part. Spare tracks now cover the entire lower front glacis.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour
*Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 102 mm (9°) ''Front plate'' 62 mm (80°) ''Front glacis'' 102 + 30 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis''|| 82 mm ''Top'' 62 mm ''Bottom''|| 82 mm (9°)|| 26 mm
|-
| Turret || 100 mm ''Turret front'' 90 - 200 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 82 mm || 82 mm || 40 mm
|-
| Cupola || 80 mm || 80 mm || 80 mm || 40 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

*Commander's cupola is smaller and nicely rounded for better protection compared to [[Tiger H1|Tiger H1]].
*Almost entire frontal lower plate is covered by attached tracks, adding 30 mm of armour.
*Turret front covered by gun mantlet has variable thickness depending on exact place, ranging from 90 to 200 mm of armour.
*Lower side hull armour is only 62 mm thick, exploitable when flanking the Tiger, or when facing them angled.
*Parts of the turret side armour are covered by attached tracks, adding additional 30 mm of armour.
*On paper, the best angle is roughly 38.8° with armour all-round being from the front 130 mm.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The Tiger E is powered by a slightly more powerful engine (700 HP vs. 650 HP for the H1).

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=904|rbMinHp=619}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

For Tier I modifications obtained the vital ''Parts'' and ''Horizontal Drive'' modifications as the former will give the Tiger the ability to repair and the latter will provide a much-needed boost to the Tiger's slow turret traverse rate.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK36 (88 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 92 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 11.3 || 15.7 || 19.0 || 21.1 || 22.4 || rowspan="2" | 9.62 || rowspan="2" | 8.51 || rowspan="2" | 7.84 || rowspan="2" | 7.40
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.3 || 9.8 || 11.9 || 13.2 || 14.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
Firepower-wise, the Tiger E gains the access to the new PzGr 40 APCR ammunition, with high penetration.

* '''PzGr 39''': You should stick with this type of shell as it's the best. It will do incredible damage to any tank you encounter, except SPAA, AA guns, or AI artillery. You may struggle with some heavier tanks like the IS-1, IS-2, or American heavy tanks at long ranges, but well-placed shots from close range or sides will do the job; all other medium and light tanks will be history as soon as this shell make a contact with them. This shell, however, will almost always over-penetrate all but the most armoured SPAA vehicles, so it is best to use HE or machine gun fire.
* '''PzGr 40''': As the APCR round for the gun, this will give you the greater edge needed to take out heavily protected tanks at the cost of post-penetration damage.
* '''PzGr.''': This shell has similar characteristics as the PzGr 39, but sacrifices some penetration for about 50% more explosive filler. It is recently given the ability to cause overpressure damage and thus has unrivalled post-penetration damage. It It is recommended to carry some of these shells and use them regularly, as the penetration is still enough to deal with most targets (at least when being top rank), and switch to PzGr 39 when shooting targets far away, or those that are heavily armoured.
* '''Hl.Gr. 39''': On paper the HEAT rounds don't bring anything new to the table, however they can be used as a substitute for the HE shells due to the greater explosive mass and still gives you a fighting chance if you get caught with your pants down.
* '''Sprgr. L/4.5''': The HE shell is completely ineffective against all but SPAA or the AI artillery on the Kursk and Ash River maps, and the machine gun mounted on the Tiger has proven quite capable of dealing with these. Keep a small supply of this shell on hand if you plan to flank the enemy and take out their SPAA or artillery, but avoid them for everything else.

{{:KwK36 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39, PzGr 40, Pzgr., Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr. L/4.5}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''92''' || 77 ''(+15)'' || 61 ''(+31)'' || 45 ''(+47)'' || 29 ''(+63)'' || 25 ''(+67)'' || 21 ''(+71)'' || 17 ''(+75)'' || 13 ''(+79)'' || 7 ''(+85)'' || 1 ''(+91)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Note''':

* Large sides empty: 29 ''(+63)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,350 (150) || 900 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (150) || 900 || -10°/+25° || -55°/+160°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The main role of the ''Tiger'' tank was to eliminate enemy tanks at a far range, similar to behaving like a sniping tank, or a Tank Destroyer. Nonetheless, the Tiger can excel at brawling with other tanks at medium, even possibly against two [[Panther D|Panther]] tanks to close range and escape undamaged. It's recommended to not stay in one place for too long or risk getting outflanked, spotted, or bombed.

While guns like the Soviet [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm]] cannon can easily penetrate the Tiger at close range, the Tiger can stay nearly invulnerable at long range. The 88 mm can take out any tank on Rank 3 at any combat range but may have problems with the [[IS-1]]'s 120 mm front or the [[M4A3E2]]'s frontal armour at some ranges. When having to close in a bit it is generally advisable to angle the hull to the sides by about 30°, improving the armour rating enough that it can keep away 85 mm shells very well, even at closer ranges. The Tiger is still vulnerable to the [[SU-152|SU-152s]] howitzer and its HE shell at any range. So whenever encountering these heavy-calibre vehicles, it should be prioritized and eliminated first.

Mobility-wise the Tiger is pretty good for a heavy tank. It is much faster than a [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]] and about as equally fast as the [[IS-1]], although medium tanks like the [[T-34-85]] can easily outmanoeuvre all three at close range. Try to use the Tiger's mobility to keep a distance rather than for closing in on a target. Don't be afraid to use the speed to fall back if necessary as the Tiger cannot survive close range engagements on open terrain vs. mediums, due to the slow turret and the vulnerability to the 85 mm guns on Soviet medium tanks.

The Tiger E has a better turret traverse than the H1, but the same precaution of managing a lower than average turret traverse should be taken into consideration. It is still recommended to get the Horizontal Drive traverse modification as fast as possible. Even then, the Tiger will have to turn the tank in the direction of the traverse to make the most of the time to quickly engage a target. This, together with very exposed ammo racks on both sides (though one side can be emptied by reducing the ammo stowage) means that facing multiple enemies at once is almost a certain end to the Tiger tank. The best option is to take cover from one tank and fire on the other.

As far as ammo is concerned, the default PzGr 39 will be the standard AP rounds many players will use. The second AP round available, the Pzgr., is also a good round to use against the enemy as the shell contains more explosive filler than the default, but suffers from a lower penetration value compared to the PzGr 39. The HEAT rounds only offer more penetration at extreme ranges (> 2,000 m) and do less damage upon penetration, so it should just be omitted from the Tiger's combat load. The best upgrade for the Tiger I E would be the PzGr 40 APCR ammunition now available to the tank, necessary ammunition to fight the heavier vehicles in the Rank IV area, so always bring a few just in case. Upgrading the tank should mainly be dedicated to turret traverse, hull traverse (as this is needed even with the turret traverse upgrade) and engine upgrades. The Tiger's 88 has massive destructive power. Unlike the other German tank of its rank, all armed with 75 mm guns, the Tiger can easily knock out all the mediums like the T-34s, M4 Shermans, and still be a threat against heavy tanks like the IS-1s. If it doesn't destroy a tank in one hit, most of the enemy crew will be wounded or incapacitated. The best place to aim with the 88 is either at the gunner's side of the enemy turret to incapacitate an enemy's firepower, or between the driver and the gunner which would usually wound or knock out most of the enemy crew at once. Attacking from the side also presents a good shot opportunity, as the best shot placement is right below the turret on the hull where most of the tank ammunition is stored, giving a big chance for an ammo-rack explosion.

When driving the Tiger, plan ahead on where it will drive. Even with engine and track modifications, the Tiger is still a heavy tank and a 90 degree or more turn will almost always mean an immediate standstill as the tank try to make the change in movement. Even small adjustments can knock the speed down a bit. Thus, knowing the terrain and destination is of the utmost importance to preserve its mobility to its fullest extent.

The Tiger is best used on the flanks of the current maps, as these are usually more open and allow good use of its armour and excellent gun. The centre of the map would seem more logical as there are a lot of enemies, but as has already been established a Tiger taking fire from multiple directions won't last long. Going in a flank and taking down light and medium tanks is an easy task for this beast, and thus a flank can be easily secured if the Tiger is driven carefully. Then, work the Tiger into the enemy sides and rear of the main force in the centre, doing much more damage than if the Tiger faced the force head-on because a shot to the side and rear will set most enemies alight if not outright exploding the ammunition. Quickly destroying enemies, the Tiger can quickly jump from target to target and eliminate a good number of enemies in its lifespan. During all this, make sure to always angle the hull armour to maximize longevity.

The Tiger E faces most of the enemies the Tiger H1 could face, many of which could effectively engage the Tiger, like the [[Panther (Disambiguation)|Panther medium tanks]], the [[T-34-85]], and even as high as the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger IIs]].

* [[M26|M26 Pershing]]: The American medium tank has a 90 mm cannon comparable to the 88 mm plus with sloped 100 mm armour compared to the Tiger's vertical one. However, a clean shot on the centre of the front armour when it is not angled can have the 88 mm shell penetrate straight through. The turret front is also a weak point.
* [[T26E1-1|T26E1-1 "Super Pershing"]]: The "Super Pershing" has a 90 mm gun comparable to the 88 mm on the Tiger II, so extra caution must be exercised when on the business end of the gun. The added armour on the Super Pershing compared to the regular Pershing also improves its frontal resistance to shells. However, there is a big weak point on the right side on the front hull, with a large hull cut in the additional armour for the machine gun. A round through here would negate the extra armour and have the 88 mm only deal with the base armour.
* [[T34]]: The T34 is on the same level as the Tiger II and as such outclasses the Tiger I by a large margin. If faced in the front, the only weak points present would be the commander's cupola, the gun optic on the right side of the gun mantlet, and the lower glacis armour. Facing this tank would require the use of the APCR or fancy manoeuvring to its side to plant a 88 mm onto its sides.
* [[Panther D]], [[Panther A|A]], [[Panther G|G]], [[Panther F|F]]: At standard ranges, the weakest point on the Panther's front is the turret. Aim at the flat areas of the turret such as the bottom sides or straight into the curved gun mantlet. The Panther F presents a smaller turret target with its design, but the larger flat area still makes it a viable target for an 88 mm.
* Tiger II [[Tiger II (P)|(P)]]/[[Tiger II (H)|(H)]]: A menace to the Tiger I, the Tiger II outclasses its predecessor in armour and firepower. The biggest frontal weak point, the turret front, is invulnerable to standard AP rounds from the Tiger I. Thus, an APCR is a must to have a reasonable chance of penetrating the Tiger II from the front. However, if the Tiger I can get a good shot at its side armour, a standard PzGr 39 APCBC round can take it out with ease.
* [[T-34-85]]: The T-34-85 with it's 85 mm gun can take out a Tiger very easily if it gets a jump on its flat hull armour. However, an 88 mm shell onto the T-34-85 hull can take it out with ease.
* [[IS-1]]: The IS-1's front hull and turret armour can be penetrated by the 88 mm, but beware of the 85 mm cannon
* [[IS-2]], [[IS-2 (1944)]]: The IS-2's 122 mm cannon can very easily deal with the Tiger I with one shot. In the original IS-2 version, the front armour is still the same on the turret and hull so the same advice from the IS-1 applies. However, the 1944 version introduces a new front hull design that makes it impervious. In the 1944 version, aim for the lower glacis armour or the turret cheeks for a penetration.
* [[Centurion Mk 1]]: With the heavily sloped frontal armour, strong turret and access to APDS, the Centurion can easily take out a Tiger I at long range. If the enemy could target an ammo rack is, they will easily take out the Tiger in one shot.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The gun mantlet, MG port and driver's port are particularly hard to penetrate due to their complex, varying shape and thickness. Can absorb quite some shells sometimes. The cupola also has a better shape which makes it not so vulnerable
* Decent cannon with adequate accuracy and a range of shells to choose. Stock shell has great penetration and damage, and can take out common opponents easily (e.g. T-34-85, M4, IS-1, M6A1). Has access to a piercing APCR with 200+mm penetration, which is effective against thick, flat armour found on the Churchill Mk.VII or [[Ho-Ri Production|Ho-Ri]] (mixed battle)
* Pzgr. shell can cause overpressure damage (higher explosive filler mass than the Soviet 122 mm APHE round).
* One of the fastest heavy tanks with its top speed of 45 km/h, meaning it can get to some positions quickly alongside friendly medium tanks.
* The box-like hull shape gives the ability to angling tactic. When angling the hull at around 40° and placing yourself far from the enemies (at least 500 m away) the Tiger E can resist common tanks like the 76 mm Sherman, T-34-85 and [[M36 Jackson (Family)|M36]].
* Good reverse speed and hull traverse allows it to quickly angle for deflecting shells.
* -8° gun depression works well in most hilly terrain
* Unlike the Tiger H1, the Tiger E does not have the S-Mine dischargers which limit gun depression.
* Smoke shells allow it to escape from danger or to cover allies.
* Has access to a pintle-mounted MG which can fend off low-flying aircraft or knock out the exposed crew of some vehicles (e.g. GAZ trucks, [[M18 GMC|M18]]'s commander)
* Slight increase in lower front plate armour

'''Cons:'''

* Weak and unsloped armour protection. If not angling, the Tiger E can be destroyed easily by the T-34-85 or 76 mm Sherman. Even if the Tiger is angling, watch out for the [[IS-2 (Family)|IS-2]] that can still knock you out with one shot.
* Might struggle to penetrate heavy targets frontally. For example the [[T29]], [[M26 (Family)|M26]], [[T26E1-1|T26E1]] and IS-2 1944.
* Rather slow acceleration limits its short range manoeuvrability.
* Slow turret traverse makes it hard to respond to flankers quickly. The [[M18 GMC|M18]] is very common at this BR
* Ammo storage at the hull sides are very easy to explode when hit.
* Is a big and tall target, easy to get spotted and shot at.
* Other then APCR, not much of a upgrade over the Tiger H1 despite a higher battle rating.

== History ==

===Development===
The '''Tiger I''' heavy tank was arguably the most infamous tank of World War II. The design for this tank began as early as January 1937 when Henschel & Sohn worked on a large "breakthrough" called the Durchbruchwagen that weighed about 30 tons on request by the German military.<ref name="ImagesOfWarTiger">Anthony Tucker-Jones. ''Images Of War Special: Tiger I & Tiger II'' Great Britain: Pen & Sword Military, 2013</ref> The request was modified over time for more armour and better gun that increased the weight to 36 tons, but this project was dropped in 1938 in favour of the better prototypes VK 30.01(H) and VK 36.01(H). These new prototypes were the start of the usage of the Schachtellaufwerk wheel arrangements, but these also never passed prototype stages and were both cancelled in 1942.

During the development of the prototypes above, the German invasion of France showed that the Allied tanks such as the Somua, Char B1, and [[Matilda Mk II|Matilda II]] were impervious to their current anti-tank weaponry and a need for better armoured and armed tanks was emphasized. So on May 26, 1941, Henschel and Porsche were asked to submit designs for a 45-ton heavy tank that was to be ready for demonstration by June 1942. During their development in June 1941, Germany initiated Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union and was shocked by appearance of the [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] and [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]] tanks that were invulnerable to all but the most potent anti-tank weapon in German inventory, one of which was the [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm FlaK cannon]]. The potency of the 88 mm cannon against the heavily armoured tanks that the Germans faced had Hitler ordered that the heavy tank design undertaken by Henschel and Porsche to utilize the 88 mm as its main armament instead of a 75 mm cannon.

The designs of the tank were finalized and ready for demonstration on April 20, 1942, Hitler's birthday, and showed the VK 45.01(H) and the [[VK 45.01 (P)|VK 45.01(P)]]. The demonstration and subsequent evaluations on the two designs determined that the Henschel variant was superior to the Porsche variant, proving more reliable, more mobile, and more easily produced than the Porsche. This caused the Henschel variant to be adopted as the '''Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger''' and production started in August 1942. The Porsche variant had many chassis produced as Ferdinand Porsche thought the design would win, so the chassis was instead used in the [[Ferdinand|Ferdinand]] tank destroyer.

===Design===
What perhaps made the Tiger I so unique in tank development and German doctrine is a change of focus between the three characteristics of the tank; with more emphasis to firepower and armour than to mobility. The Tiger I contained the large [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK36 cannon]] which was very accurate and powerful, being able to penetrate every Allied armour present at its introduction. The armour on the Tiger I was also one of the greatest at the time, with an astounding 102 mm of armour on the front hull armour, 82 mm on the side superstructure and rear, and 120 mm on the gun mantlet. The armour was vertical faced so no sloping benefits were present like on the [[Panther D|Panther]]. All these armour thicknesses proved invulnerable to most Allied anti-tank weaponry at the time, requiring more creative methods in a shot placement to disable the tank. The mobility, while taken with less emphasis in the development, was still respectable at the time as the tank weighed about 57 metric tons, about 20 tons more than other country's main tanks, yet is able to keep up a speed of 38 km/h (Maximum speed was 45 km/h, but an engine governor was installed to preserve the engine life).

The tank utilized a torsion-bar suspension system in a Schachtellaufwerk overlapping pattern, making the Tiger one of the first German tank design to use the pattern. While the design gave the Tiger I great flotation due to the use of a wider track for lower ground pressure, it had disadvantages in environment and maintenance. In the Eastern Front, mud and other foreign objects could be jammed in between the overlapping wheels, which would freeze in the winter and jam the wheels; the overlapping wheels also were a hassle to change out, in order to replace one wheel in the inside of the suspension, it requires the removal of at least nine other wheels in order to access it. The first 250 Tiger tanks used a Maybach V-12 HL210 engine with 650 hp before switching over to the more powerful Maybach V-12 HL230 engine with 700 hp. The engine proved adequate in propelling the tank but was still considered underpowered for the tank weight.

The Tiger I, as innovative as it is to tank warfare, was a strain on German war production. The tank was over-engineered, taking much more man-hour and materials for its worth as a war machine. Cost-wise, two [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IVs]] or four [[StuG III G|StuG IIIs]] can be built for the cost of one Tiger I. The tank was also expensive to maintain and took lots of fuel to run. These attributed to the low number of only 1,354 Tiger Is produced from 1942 to August 1944.<ref name="ImagesOfWarTiger">Anthony Tucker-Jones. ''Images Of War Special: Tiger I & Tiger II'' Great Britain: Pen & Sword Military, 2013</ref>

===Variants===
There are three main production Tiger I variants known today, the "early-production", "mid-production", and "late-production" models. The Early-production model was designated as the '''[[Tiger H1|Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. H]]''' the first few batches and is distinguished by its drum-style cupola with over-swinging hatch, the model also had two vehicle lights on the front side of the tank. The Mid-production featured Zimmerit paste and a side-swinging cupola with accommodation for a machine gun mounted on the cupola, the vehicle light was also changed to just one placed right in the front of the hull armour. The mid-production was also redesignated in May 1943 as the '''[[Tiger E|Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. E]]'''. Late-production models featured the removal of the Zimmerit paste as there was an assumed flaw with it, and the overlapping wheels were instead made into interleaving with full-steel road wheels as well, in a manner similar to the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]].

Other specialized variants of the Tiger I was produced as well. A small number of demolition carrier models were field-made in Italy, where it had its main gun replaced by a crane to carry demolition to clear minefields or destroy obstacles. The demolition carrier version was interpreted by Allied intelligence as a BergeTiger, an armoured recovery vehicle, though it is not known if it ever saw service in this role. Another specialized variant produced in 1944 in some numbers was the Sturmtiger, an heavy assault gun with a 38 cm rocket launcher made from a depth charge. 19 of these were made and saw use in all fronts, though its most noteworthy combat action was in the Warsaw Uprising.

===Combat usage===
In its introduction, Hitler ordered the new Tigers to be used in the Leningrad siege in September 1942. However, as the faults of the tank were still not yet fully ironed out at this stage, the mechanical unreliability and the unsuitable terrain caused one of the Tiger Is to be stuck in the swamps and abandoned by its users. This example was then captured by the Red Army and tipped off the Allies of the development of the new Tiger tanks and so developments in countermeasures began. In North Africa, the Tigers saw the first action against the Western Allies in Tunisia in December 1942. Its impact there left an impression on the Allied armour forces, but its myth as an invulnerable tank was shattered when two Tigers were taken out by the British [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder anti-tank guns]]. The total loss in that campaign was seven Tigers by February 1943.

Once mass-numbers of Tiger Is were available, they were employed in heavy tank battalions that were to be deployed in breakthrough operations or counter-attacks. Field experience with the Tiger showed that the Tiger's heavyweight proved a nuisance in operational mobility, an example being that small bridges were unable to support the Tiger tank's weight. An attempt to remedy this was to use a snorkel device so the tank could ford rivers as deep as 4 m, however, this system was phased out of later production models for cost-savings. The Tiger suffered reliability problems in all of its service life that impeded its effectiveness and its high fuel usage limited its combat operations. Armour recovery of the vehicle was also terrible as three heavy recovery half-tracks were required to tow the tank away, causing a strain on the German support line to keep the Tiger tanks in running order. Despite that, the Tiger I proved superior in terms of armour and armament against the Allies and created massive losses among their armoured forces, causing many soldiers to keep an eye out for the infamous "Tigers".

The impact the Tiger had on the battlefield as the superior tank at its introduction created fame to the commanders and crew operating this tank, further fueling the Tiger's reputation in the war as a killing machine. Some Tiger units were able to achieve kill ratios up to 10:1, and some even higher. Some notable Tiger aces known were Kurt Knispel (168 tank kills), Otto Carius (150+), Johannes Bölter (139+), and Michael Wittmann (138).

However, as the war progressed and the impact of the Tiger's surprise in Kursk and Italy has dissolved, Allied developments gave forth more capable tanks able to defeat the Tiger I tanks. The Soviets solution was to up-gun their [[T-34 (1942)|T-34s]] with an [[D-5T (85 mm)|85 mm gun]] to make the [[T-34-85]], and the Western Allies with the [[M1 (76 mm)|76 mm]] and [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|17-pounders]] on the [[M4A1 (76) W|M4 Sherman]] and [[Sherman Firefly|Firefly]] respectively.. The Tiger went as an highly-invulnerable tank design into a simple heavy tank as the war went on, and it was replaced by the more powerful and more heavily armoured [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]] in 1944. Despite its replacement, many Tiger I models still saw use up until the end of World War II.

===Survivors===
Due to the low number of Tiger Is made during the war (1354, compared to [[Pz.IV H|Panzer IV]]'s 8,550 and the [[M4|M4 Sherman]]'s ~50,000), very few intact Tiger Is are left in the world. Today, only seven tanks in various conditions exist in the world. The most famous of these is Tiger 131, captured by the British in Tunisia in April 1943. The crew abandoned the tank due to a [[Ordnance QF 6-pounder Mk.III (57 mm)|6-pounder]] shot from a [[Churchill Mk III|Churchill tank]] jamming the gun mantlet and turret ring, causing it to be unable to aim. This intact tank is also famous for being the only fully operational Tiger I in the world due to a restoration effort by the Bovington Tank Museum in the 1990s. It is still there as a display and remains as the museum's most popular exhibit.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
A late modification to the Pz.Kpfw heavy tank. The VI Tiger was intended to reduce the expense of production and make the vehicle more easily adaptable to specific combat conditions.

Late-model Tigers had an upgraded track assembly, including full-metal rollers with internal amortization, which allowed them to be used for longer without degrading the smoothness of the ride. The number of rows of rollers was reduced from four to three on each side. The external row was removed. A new track adjusting wheel with a reduced diameter was installed.

The design of the turret was altered: the thickness of the armour at the top of the turret was increased to 45 mm, and a new gun mantlet was installed under the TFZ-9's monocular sight. To defend the tank in close combat a Nahverteidigungswaffe bomb discharger was installed that fired anti-personal mines. A Zimmerit coating was used that was supposed to protect the tank against magnetic mines and grenades.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Sights

* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/675135/en/ RideR2's Realistic gunsight (TZF4a, TZF 5a/b/d/e/f/f2, TZF 9b/b1/c/d, TZF 12/a) for Pzkpfw II, Pzkpfw III, Pzkpfw IV, Pzkpfw V, Pzkpfw VI]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MhjI_h5FhG4|'''IS-2 vs Tiger E''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|9_txEPailKc|'''The Shooting Range #92''' - ''Tactics & Strategy'' section at 10:50 discusses the Tiger I.|kFQd8TYt6Ew|'''Tank Chats #17 Tiger I''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[Tiger H1]]
* [[Heavy Tank No.6 (Japan)]]
* [[Tigris]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/745/|[Devblog] IL-2 AM-38 1941 and Pz.Kpfw. VI Ausf. E Tiger]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Germany heavy tanks}}

Tigris

2023-12-15T18:54:43Z

U51386188: /* Main Armament, Machine Guns, Ammo racks */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Hungarian heavy tank {{Battle-rating}} in the Italian tech tree. It was introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]]. Hungary used several Tiger I heavy tanks supplied by Germany towards the end of World War II.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola)


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull ||102 mm (9°) ''Front plate''
62 mm (80°) ''Front glacis''

102 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis''
|82 mm ''Top''
62 mm ''Bottom''
|82 mm (9°)||26 mm
|-
| Turret ||100 mm ''Turret front''
90 - 200 mm ''Gun mantlet''
|82 mm||82 mm||26 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" |80 mm (cylindrical)
| 26 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 

'''Notes:'''

* Turret front covered by gun mantlet has variable thickness depending on exact place, ranging from 90 to 200 mm of armour.
* Turret side (about 1/3) is covered by attached tracks, adding additional 30 mm of armour.
* While the hull side of the tank is 82 mm, the side where the suspension is located is only 62 mm thick so be aware of this weak point.
* On paper, the best angle is roughly 38.8° with armour all-round being from the front 130 mm.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK36 (88 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 92 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||9.71||13.44||16.32||18.05||19.20|| rowspan="2" |9.62|| rowspan="2" |8.51|| rowspan="2" |7.84|| rowspan="2" |7.40
|-
! ''Realistic''
|7.10||8.40||10.20||11.30||12.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK36 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39, Pzgr., Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr. L/4.5}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''92''' ||77 ''(+15)''||61 ''(+31)''||45 ''(+47)''||29 ''(+63)''||25 ''(+67)''||21 ''(+71)''|| No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

''Main article: '''[[MG34 (7.92 mm)]]'''''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
|Coaxial||4,350 (150)||900||N/A||N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy heavy tanks}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

Tigris

2023-12-15T18:50:00Z

U51386188: /* Survivability and armour */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Hungarian heavy tank {{Battle-rating}} in the Italian tech tree. It was introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]]. Hungary used several Tiger I heavy tanks supplied by Germany towards the end of World War II.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola)


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull ||102 mm (9°) ''Front plate''
62 mm (80°) ''Front glacis''
102 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis''||82 mm ''Top''
62 mm ''Bottom''
|82 mm (9°)||26 mm
|-
| Turret ||100 mm ''Turret front''
90 - 200 mm ''Gun mantlet''
|82 mm||82 mm||26 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" |80 mm (cylindrical)
| 26 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 

'''Notes:'''

* Turret front covered by gun mantlet has variable thickness depending on exact place, ranging from 90 to 200 mm of armour.
* Turret side (about 1/3) is covered by attached tracks, adding additional 30 mm of armour.
* While the hull side of the tank is 82 mm, the side where the suspension is located is only 62 mm thick so be aware of this weak point.
* On paper, the best angle is roughly 38.8° with armour all-round being from the front 130 mm.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK36 (88 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK36 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK36]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 92 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK36 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39, Pzgr., Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr. L/4.5}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''92''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy heavy tanks}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

AMX

2023-12-15T18:46:13Z

U51386188: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=amx
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''AMX International AMX''', otherwise known in Italian service as '''A-11 ''Ghibli''''' is a joint cooperation between Alenia-Aermacchi, of Italy and EMBRAER, of Brazil. Italy set out a requirement for a new aircraft which would replace the Fiat G.91Y's that were in service. Brazil had joined primarily to also replace an Italian aircraft they had in service, known as the Aermacchi MB-326. Eventually after several prototypes the AMX was adopted into service with the airforces of Italy and Brazil. Initially the AMX-11A would be the primary variant in service, with the other variant being the AMX-T dual seater trainer variant. It would serve for many decades and really proved its worth in multiple deployments. The variant we have in game is known as the AMX-11B or AMX ACOL. The AMX ACOL was a further upgrade which outfitted 55 AMX-11A aircraft with new avionics, which included the addition of an INS/GPS navigation system, new communications systems, IFF (identification friend or foe) and new HUD displays. The biggest addition to the upgrade was that it was ready to deploy smart munitions, such as JDAM bombs, which would later play an essential role in its deployment in Afghanistan.

In game the AMX is found after the G.91Y/YS, when unlocked you will get given from the start a set of unguided bombs and 2 AIM-9L air to air missiles. This loadout will allow you to bring the AMX into ground battles and still be useful to your team. Your main armament consists of a 20mm Vulcan cannon, the same found on many aircraft such as the F104's. Its armament options are very good, AMX offers a range of unguided rockets, free-fall bombs, guided and unguided bombs and even Napalm. It is the perfect CAS aircraft for Italy and can even do well against a multitude of aircraft it may face. Its main weakness is the fact that when equipped with a lot of armament, it can seriously affect its peformance as its not as nimble as before. With guided armament its best you stay away from the battlefield and allow your armament to do the work for you, but with rockets or unguided bombs you will need to stick close to the ground to avoid enemy AA vehicles. The AMX does get access to countermeasures so if there is an enemy missile AA you can still manage to get out of sticky situations. Overall the AMX is a great CAS aircraft for Italy and will likely still be effective if you choose to bring it at higher battle ratings.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | _____ || _
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| ___ kg || colspan="2" | ___
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (400 rpg)
* 120 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great payload options
* Nimble
* Has access to countermeasures
* AIM-9L missile stock
* 20mm main armament

*

'''Cons:'''

* Not able to lock unto targets when using guided armament
* Slow when stock
* Only 2 air to air missiles
* Low ammo count for its main 20mm armament

*

== History ==

The story of the the AMX International started between a joint cooperation between Alenia-Aermacchi, of Italy and EMBRAER, of Brazil, the project was born out of the need to find a suitable replacement for the G.91Y, and take its place in the ground attacker role, due to the fact that the G.91Y was slowly but surely getting outdated and could no longer be reliable enough to warrant it staying in service for that particular role. Italy also wanted a advanced multi-role platform with the addition of reconnaissance capabilities. Brazil had joined primarily to also replace an Italian aircraft they had in service, the Aermacchi MB-326, which for the modern war setting it was not adapted for. After a few years in development, some setbacks in form of accidents, and finally the prototypes being tested, the AMX-11 would officially be put in service inside of Italy by 1989. One of the main advantages of the AMX-11 would be that as fighter and attack aircraft, the AMX features much lower costs than its competitors. For radar, AMX-11's are equipped with a variant of the EL/M-20001B radar, Fiar in Italy manufactures the radar, which is designed by Elta in Israel. Since then the AMX-11a has had an extensive service record, thanks to the amount of armaments it could use, such as AIM-9Ls infrared guided Sidewinder air-to-air missile, and since it is a multi role aircraft, it comes packed with plenty of ordinance options, ranging from bombs, rockets, and PGMs. The Italian version of this aircraft is also equipped with an 20mm M61A1 Vulcan cannon, while the Brazilian version uses 30mm Defa cannons due to the USA veto on the M61A1 cannon for Brazil. For defense, the AMX is equipped with an active and passive electronic countermeasures system supplied by Elettronica. The RWR is mounted inside of the tail fin. In terms of speed, the AMX-11 is able to go 1053km an hour, thanks to the Rolls-Royce Spey 807 turbofan engine it is equipped with, this allows the aircraft to have a range of 889km. Its rate of climb and service ceiling are also amazing for an aircraft of this type, later down the line however the aircraft would receive an upgrade. The AMX-11B ACOL would be an Italian upgrade to the AMX-11A, it would be a mid life update to the aircraft, ACOL standing for <nowiki>''</nowiki>Aggiornamento Capacità Operative e Logistiche<nowiki>''</nowiki> or in English <nowiki>''</nowiki>Update to Logistical and Operative Capabilities<nowiki>''</nowiki>. This mid life update outfitted 55 AMX-11A aircraft with new avionics, which included the addition of an INS/GPS navigation system, new communications systems, IFF (identification friend or foe) and new HUD displays. The biggest addition to the upgrade was that it was ready to deploy smart munitions, such as JDAM bombs, which would later play an essential role in Afghanistan, as AMX-11's could finally provide much better close air support to the contingent troops stationed there. The first flight of the AMX-11B ACOL took place in September 2005, and the first batch of upgraded aircraft would be delivered in March of 2007. For now the AMX-11B is still in service and is likely to remain like this for the foreseeable future.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[A-10A Late]]
* [[Su-25]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* https://www.leonardo.com/it/news-and-stories-detail/-/detail/amx-acol-the-ghibli-at-the-nation-s-service
* https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/scienza-tecnologia/schede/3o210-00394/

{{AirManufacturer AMX International}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

AMX

2023-12-15T18:30:38Z

U51386188: /* External links, See also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=amx
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''AMX International AMX''', otherwise known in Italian service as '''A-11 ''Ghibli''''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | _____ || _
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| ___ kg || colspan="2" | ___
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (400 rpg)
* 120 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great payload options
* Nimble
* Has access to countermeasures
* AIM-9L missile stock
* 20mm main armament

*

'''Cons:'''

* Not able to lock unto targets when using guided armament
* Slow when stock
* Only 2 air to air missiles
* Low ammo count for its main 20mm armament

*

== History ==

The story of the the AMX International started between a joint cooperation between Alenia-Aermacchi, of Italy and EMBRAER, of Brazil, the project was born out of the need to find a suitable replacement for the G.91Y, and take its place in the ground attacker role, due to the fact that the G.91Y was slowly but surely getting outdated and could no longer be reliable enough to warrant it staying in service for that particular role. Italy also wanted a advanced multi-role platform with the addition of reconnaissance capabilities. Brazil had joined primarily to also replace an Italian aircraft they had in service, the Aermacchi MB-326, which for the modern war setting it was not adapted for. After a few years in development, some setbacks in form of accidents, and finally the prototypes being tested, the AMX-11 would officially be put in service inside of Italy by 1989. One of the main advantages of the AMX-11 would be that as fighter and attack aircraft, the AMX features much lower costs than its competitors. For radar, AMX-11's are equipped with a variant of the EL/M-20001B radar, Fiar in Italy manufactures the radar, which is designed by Elta in Israel. Since then the AMX-11a has had an extensive service record, thanks to the amount of armaments it could use, such as AIM-9Ls infrared guided Sidewinder air-to-air missile, and since it is a multi role aircraft, it comes packed with plenty of ordinance options, ranging from bombs, rockets, and PGMs. The Italian version of this aircraft is also equipped with an 20mm M61A1 Vulcan cannon, while the Brazilian version uses 30mm Defa cannons due to the USA veto on the M61A1 cannon for Brazil. For defense, the AMX is equipped with an active and passive electronic countermeasures system supplied by Elettronica. The RWR is mounted inside of the tail fin. In terms of speed, the AMX-11 is able to go 1053km an hour, thanks to the Rolls-Royce Spey 807 turbofan engine it is equipped with, this allows the aircraft to have a range of 889km. Its rate of climb and service ceiling are also amazing for an aircraft of this type, later down the line however the aircraft would receive an upgrade. The AMX-11B ACOL would be an Italian upgrade to the AMX-11A, it would be a mid life update to the aircraft, ACOL standing for <nowiki>''</nowiki>Aggiornamento Capacità Operative e Logistiche<nowiki>''</nowiki> or in English <nowiki>''</nowiki>Update to Logistical and Operative Capabilities<nowiki>''</nowiki>. This mid life update outfitted 55 AMX-11A aircraft with new avionics, which included the addition of an INS/GPS navigation system, new communications systems, IFF (identification friend or foe) and new HUD displays. The biggest addition to the upgrade was that it was ready to deploy smart munitions, such as JDAM bombs, which would later play an essential role in Afghanistan, as AMX-11's could finally provide much better close air support to the contingent troops stationed there. The first flight of the AMX-11B ACOL took place in September 2005, and the first batch of upgraded aircraft would be delivered in March of 2007. For now the AMX-11B is still in service and is likely to remain like this for the foreseeable future.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[A-10A Late]]
* [[Su-25]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* https://www.leonardo.com/it/news-and-stories-detail/-/detail/amx-acol-the-ghibli-at-the-nation-s-service
* https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/scienza-tecnologia/schede/3o210-00394/

{{AirManufacturer AMX International}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

AMX

2023-12-15T18:27:58Z

U51386188: /* History, Pros and Cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=amx
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''AMX International AMX''', otherwise known in Italian service as '''A-11 ''Ghibli''''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | _____ || _
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| ___ kg || colspan="2" | ___
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (400 rpg)
* 120 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great payload options
* Nimble
* Has access to countermeasures
* AIM-9L missile stock
* 20mm main armament

*

'''Cons:'''

* Not able to lock unto targets when using guided armament
* Slow when stock
* Only 2 air to air missiles
* Low ammo count for its main 20mm armament

*

== History ==

The story of the the AMX International started between a joint cooperation between Alenia-Aermacchi, of Italy and EMBRAER, of Brazil, the project was born out of the need to find a suitable replacement for the G.91Y, and take its place in the ground attacker role, due to the fact that the G.91Y was slowly but surely getting outdated and could no longer be reliable enough to warrant it staying in service for that particular role. Italy also wanted a advanced multi-role platform with the addition of reconnaissance capabilities. Brazil had joined primarily to also replace an Italian aircraft they had in service, the Aermacchi MB-326, which for the modern war setting it was not adapted for. After a few years in development, some setbacks in form of accidents, and finally the prototypes being tested, the AMX-11 would officially be put in service inside of Italy by 1989. One of the main advantages of the AMX-11 would be that as fighter and attack aircraft, the AMX features much lower costs than its competitors. For radar, AMX-11's are equipped with a variant of the EL/M-20001B radar, Fiar in Italy manufactures the radar, which is designed by Elta in Israel. Since then the AMX-11a has had an extensive service record, thanks to the amount of armaments it could use, such as AIM-9Ls infrared guided Sidewinder air-to-air missile, and since it is a multi role aircraft, it comes packed with plenty of ordinance options, ranging from bombs, rockets, and PGMs. The Italian version of this aircraft is also equipped with an 20mm M61A1 Vulcan cannon, while the Brazilian version uses 30mm Defa cannons due to the USA veto on the M61A1 cannon for Brazil. For defense, the AMX is equipped with an active and passive electronic countermeasures system supplied by Elettronica. The RWR is mounted inside of the tail fin. In terms of speed, the AMX-11 is able to go 1053km an hour, thanks to the Rolls-Royce Spey 807 turbofan engine it is equipped with, this allows the aircraft to have a range of 889km. Its rate of climb and service ceiling are also amazing for an aircraft of this type, later down the line however the aircraft would receive an upgrade. The AMX-11B ACOL would be an Italian upgrade to the AMX-11A, it would be a mid life update to the aircraft, ACOL standing for <nowiki>''</nowiki>Aggiornamento Capacità Operative e Logistiche<nowiki>''</nowiki> or in English <nowiki>''</nowiki>Update to Logistical and Operative Capabilities<nowiki>''</nowiki>. This mid life update outfitted 55 AMX-11A aircraft with new avionics, which included the addition of an INS/GPS navigation system, new communications systems, IFF (identification friend or foe) and new HUD displays. The biggest addition to the upgrade was that it was ready to deploy smart munitions, such as JDAM bombs, which would later play an essential role in Afghanistan, as AMX-11's could finally provide much better close air support to the contingent troops stationed there. The first flight of the AMX-11B ACOL took place in September 2005, and the first batch of upgraded aircraft would be delivered in March of 2007. For now the AMX-11B is still in service and is likely to remain like this for the foreseeable future.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer AMX International}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

M109 (Israel)

2023-11-30T23:58:17Z

U51386188: /* Removed previous history edit as it lacked a lot of info and wasn't up to standard, didn't mention anything about Israeli service either. */

{{About
|about = tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = other versions
|link = M109 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_m109
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M126 (155 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M126 (155 mm)|155 mm M126]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 28 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M126 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''28''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''In terms of gameplay, M109 should be played as a manually-aimed artillery unit that engages enemies while they are distracted. It is important to stick close to allies and avoid being flanked by faster tanks2. M109’s mobility is decent enough to allow it to get to a position in time.''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Powerful weapon: M109 has a powerful 155 mm howitzer that can deal significant damage to enemy vehicles.
* Long range: M109 can fire up to 30 km, allowing it to engage enemies from a safe distance.
* Decent mobility: M109’s mobility is decent enough to allow it to get to a position in time.
* Effective against tanks: M109 can be used to destroy tanks.
* Good support unit: M109 can be used to support team tanks.

*

'''Cons:'''

* Low rate of fire: M109 has a low rate of fire, which can make it difficult to engage multiple targets quickly.
* Poor armor: M109 is not well-armored and can be easily destroyed by enemy fire.
* Vulnerable to flanking: M109 is vulnerable to flanking by faster tanks.
* Requires manual aiming: M109 is a manually-aimed artillery unit, which can make it difficult to hit moving targets.
* Limited ammunition: M109 has a limited number of rounds, which can make it difficult to sustain fire for extended periods o'''f time.'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History)</nowiki> and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code>=== In-game description ===</code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[M109G (Italy)]]
* [[M109A1 (Great Britain)]]
* [[M109G]]
* [[M109A1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8537-development-m109-the-king-of-battle-en|[Devblog] M109: The King of Battle]]

{{Israel tank destroyers}}

M109 (Israel)

2023-11-30T23:51:36Z

U51386188: /* Fixed format*/

{{About
|about = tank destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = other versions
|link = M109 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_m109
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M126 (155 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M126 (155 mm)|155 mm M126]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 28 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M126 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''28''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''In terms of gameplay, M109 should be played as a manually-aimed artillery unit that engages enemies while they are distracted. It is important to stick close to allies and avoid being flanked by faster tanks2. M109’s mobility is decent enough to allow it to get to a position in time.''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Powerful weapon: M109 has a powerful 155 mm howitzer that can deal significant damage to enemy vehicles.
* Long range: M109 can fire up to 30 km, allowing it to engage enemies from a safe distance.
* Decent mobility: M109’s mobility is decent enough to allow it to get to a position in time.
* Effective against tanks: M109 can be used to destroy tanks.
* Good support unit: M109 can be used to support team tanks.

*

'''Cons:'''

* Low rate of fire: M109 has a low rate of fire, which can make it difficult to engage multiple targets quickly.
* Poor armor: M109 is not well-armored and can be easily destroyed by enemy fire.
* Vulnerable to flanking: M109 is vulnerable to flanking by faster tanks.
* Requires manual aiming: M109 is a manually-aimed artillery unit, which can make it difficult to hit moving targets.
* Limited ammunition: M109 has a limited number of rounds, which can make it difficult to sustain fire for extended periods o'''f time.'''

*

== History ==

M109 is a self-propelled artillery unit (SPG) that was developed in the United States and used in many countries, including Israel. It was first introduced in 1963 and has since undergone several upgrades. M109 has been used in many conflicts, including the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the Iraq War. M109 was designed to provide mobile artillery support to ground troops. It has a powerful 155 mm howitzer that can fire up to 30 km, making it an effective weapon against enemy vehicles and fortifications. M109 has a low rate of fire, but it can deal significant damage to enemy vehicles. M109’s history dates back to the early 1950s when the US Army began developing a new self-propelled artillery system to replace the M44 and M52 howitzers. The first prototype of the M109 was completed in 1959, and the vehicle entered service in 1963. Since then, M109 has undergone several upgrades, including the M109A1, M109A2, M109A3, M109A4, M109A5, M109A6, and M109A7. M109 has been used in many conflicts, including the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the Iraq War. It has also been used by many countries, including the United States, Israel, and South Korea. M109 has proven to be a reliable and effective weapon system, and it remains in service with many countries around the world.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[M109G (Italy)]]
* [[M109A1 (Great Britain)]]
* [[M109G]]
* [[M109A1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8537-development-m109-the-king-of-battle-en|[Devblog] M109: The King of Battle]]

{{Israel tank destroyers}}

Breda 501

2023-11-30T23:35:57Z

U51386188: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_semovente_breda_501
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The Semovente Controcarro Breda 501 (introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].) is an experimental prototype made by Breda during the late stages of the second world war. In 1942, the Italian MOD came up with a set of requirements for a new platform which would build up on the proven gun truck concept used in North Africa by the Italian army. The main improvements would include increasing protection and mobility, this enough would suffice as being able to quickly react to enemy threats was key to slow down an advance. 1 singular prototype of the Breda 501 would be made, during its testing its main armament consisting of a 90mm cannon proved to be more than adaquate to deal with the threats of the era. Due to the Italian capitulation in late 1943 the program, like many others had to be stopped. In game the Breda 501 is placed after the Carro leggero M24, even while stock the main armament is still really good and once you unlocked the most potent munition you will have a lot of 1 shot potential against enemy targets. Your mobility assures that you will mostly be able to reach spots on the battlefield much quicker than both your teammates and the enemies. Use this to your advantage as setting up ambushes with this platform can be effective if done right. Your main weakness when playing the Breda 501 is your lack of armour, you are an open-top vehicle with all of your crew exposed to the elements. Most if not all enemy vehicles you face have access to a machine gun of some kind so at times they won't even need to use their primary armament to get rid of you. Overall the Breda 501 is a great vehicle in the Italian tech tree and is very rewarding once you master its strengths and weaknesses.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The {{PAGENAME}} represents a large and poorly armoured target for any enemy vehicle. The crew members, barring the driver, are extremely exposed to machine gun fire and players will regularly find themselves being strafed by aircraft.

The vehicles' internal modules are spread throughout, with the engine and ammo racks being placed high up at the rear behind only 8 mm of armour. This makes it possible for the Breda to be immobilized entirely by machine gun fire. As well as this, the {{PAGENAME}}'s gun breech is totally exposed and rises above even the minimal side armour, making it incredibly easy to knock out from the sides.

The thickest armour on the vehicle is the 30 mm gun shield and frontal plate. This protects from heavy machine guns but does little to stop any kind of tank shell, making the {{PAGENAME}} easy to penetrate even for even an lower-rank SPAA.

Despite the {{PAGENAME}}'s thin armour and large size, these traits can often work in the tank destroyer's favour. The thin plating of the vehicle means that shells will often over-penetrate, and the large size of the truck and the well spaced crew means that if a shell ''does'' hit the truck, the damage is minimized and often non-lethal. Additionally, the nature of the {{PAGENAME}} as an open-top tank means that enemy tankers will often instinctively attempt to kill it not with their main cannons, but rather their MGs, which require precise aiming to hit the 4 exposed crew members. Most of said rounds will often just bounce off the 30 mm gun shield, which can buy valuable seconds to either kill the enemy or to run away.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull)
* Structural steel (gun mount, gun breech)
* Wheel (tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (41°) ''Upper glacis'' 40 mm (41°) ''Driver port'' 30 mm (20°) ''Lower glacis'' || 8 mm || 5-8 mm ''Radiator vents'' 8 mm (53°) ''Lower glacis'' 8 mm ''Gun platform-Engine bay wall''|| 8 mm ''Driver compartment'' 3 mm ''Engine compartment'' 3-5 mm (7°) ''Radiator vents''
|-
| Gun shield || 150 mm ''Gun breech'' 30 mm (15°) ''Shield - centre'' 15 mm (11°) ''Shield - sides'' || 150 mm ''Gun breech'' 40 mm ''Gun mount''
!
!
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Wheels are 10 mm thick.
* The belly is 3 mm thick.
* The floor of the gun platform is 8 mm thick.
* The gun mount is 40 mm thick.
* Additional tires cover the engine compartment on each side.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

As a wheeled vehicle the {{PAGENAME}} struggles on any kind of soft ground such as snow, sand and wet mud. It also cannot turn on the spot as a tracked vehicle can, making turning the vehicle around in a confined space extremely time-consuming when combined with its very slow reverse speed.

However, the {{PAGENAME}} does boast a high straight-line speed, and can easily hit 50 km/h on flat smooth ground allowing it to outrun the majority of vehicles it faces. It can also corner quickly when moving forward, allowing it to zip around the streets of urban maps at high rates of speed, perfect for a flank-minded playstyle

{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 202|rbMinHp= 126}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)|90 mm 90/53 mod.41]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+21° || rowspan="2" | ±145° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.7 || 13.4 || 16.3 || 18.0 || 19.1 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.5 || 7.7 || 9.4 || 10.3 || 11.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)/Ammunition|Granata Perforante da 90, Granata da 90, Granata Perforante mod.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''30''' || 16 ''(+14)'' || 1 ''(+29)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Breda Mod. 38 (8 mm)|8 mm Breda Mod. 38]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle mount (Rear left) || 1,680 (24) || 600 || -10°/+25° || ±20° (facing backwards)
|-
| Pintle mount (Rear right) || 1,680 (24) || 600 || -10°/+25° || ±20° (facing backwards)
|-
|}
The small calibre of the Breda Mod. 38 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. Facing backwards, it can't even be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==

The Breda 501 boasts a very effective high-velocity gun for its rank, offering high penetration and excellent post-penetration damage. This combines well with the vehicles' high top speed and allows players to quickly get into strong flanking positions early in the game. The Breda can heavily punish enemy vehicles from a variety of ranges in these positions.

The Breda can also be used in a more aggressive role on some urban maps. The 90 mm gun has an excellent horizontal traverse range, meaning players can get their gun sighted around corners without fully exposing the vehicle. With a high top speed, the Breda can knock out enemy tanks before quickly disengaging, although players must beware of the slow reverse speed when planning an ambush.

This vehicle performs best from flanking positions where other players are less likely to spot your vehicle. Always move once getting a few kills as aircraft will often spawn to get revenge by strafing you.

The Breda will often encounter the Sherman Jumbo, whose thick, angled frontal armour presents a significant challenge. If possible the Breda should look to flank the Jumbo, where its gun can easily obliterate the US tank from the side. If forced to engage an angled Jumbo from the front, the Shermans' machine gun port represents a small weak spot. Aside from this, shots into the turret ring can penetrate the Jumbo, but this may not be reliable. Another option would be to aim for the 38mm thick plates behind the tracks, remember this should only be employed if the jumbo is angling a lot.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent gun with a fast reload, good penetration and high explosive mass
* Wide horizontal gun traverse
* High top speed and excellent agility on flat hard ground
* Turning radius is small for a wheeled vehicle, allows for quick retreats

'''Cons:'''

* Very poor armour and exposed crew - ammunition racks are easily targeted
* Significant recoil combined with the vehicle's high profile and low weight means that each shot, especially when firing to the sides, will violently shake the vehicle and throw off the aim
* Poor depression of only -4 degrees hinders use of hulldown positions behind hills
* Machine guns only fire over the back of the vehicle with limited arcs of fire and very small magazine capacity
* Very poor mobility on soft ground and lacks neutral turning
* Slow reverse speed
* Lowered side skirts can get caught on terrain

== History ==

The Italians had truck-mounted their heavy AA guns beginning in 1927 with the Autocannoni da 75/27, mounted on an unarmoured Ceirano chassis. 24 of these were manufactured and used during the Spanish Civil War, and some were still in service in the early stages of the North Africa campaign. The first Autocannone da 90/53 was a similar Lancia 3 RO 4x4 heavy truck with bolt-on frontal armour and the 90mm AA gun, and intended to be used as a dual-purpose anti-tank weapon as well. Somewhere around 50 may have been built, and they served throughout the Italian War, beginning in early 1942 with the 132nd Artillery Regiment in the Ariete Division. The Italians planned a change to the Breda Dovunque 6x6 truck in its place, which would have made the Breda 501 shown in game.

During the North African campaign, the Italian military quickly realized the effectiveness of their 90mm heavy AA cannon, commonly mounted on utility trucks. The cannon turned out to be just as good at dealing with enemy tanks as it was combating aircraft, being able to pierce the armor of virtually any allied tank it faced in the deserts of North Africa. However, whilst the mounting on truck chassis allowed the guns to be moved around with relative ease, the large silhouette and lack of armor protection heavily exposed these vehicles and their crews to even rifle-caliber fire, yet alone to shrapnel from nearby explosions. In 1942, the military top brass came up with a set of requirements for a new vehicle which would build up on the proven gun truck concept used in North Africa by increasing protection and mobility. The new vehicle would be designed as a dedicated SPG, intended solely to provide support to armored regiments in combating enemy tanks. Shortly after, the Breda company began work on a vehicle around those specifications. Breda based their new design on a chassis of an existing utility truck and added armor plating to the vehicle's front and sides. The 90mm cannon would be installed in an open fighting compartment in the vehicle's rear. In 1943, the prototype was finished and began undergoing testing as the Breda 501. Although the Breda 501 had successfully proven itself during testing, further development and potential mass production was hindered by Italy's capitulation in late 1943. The project was ultimately cancelled with the signing of the armistice in late 1943 with only a couple prototypes of the Breda 501 being built of which none saw any combat use.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5899-development-breda-501-when-looks-deceive-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_semovente_breda_501 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|xF4-TcnyWw0|'''Best tank destroyers''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:53 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|zKlnIjv6H8g|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' - ''MagzTV''|3iQOkkIpft8|'''{{PAGENAME}}, Italian, Tier-3, Tank Destroyer''' - ''Angry Nerd Gaming''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[T55E1]]
* [[Breda 90/53]] Same cannon but on a chassis with significantly less armour

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5899-development-breda-501-when-looks-deceive-en|[Devblog] Breda 501 - When Looks Deceive]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/434109-breda-501/ [Forum<nowiki>]</nowiki> Official Forum Thread for {{PAGENAME}}.]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Leopard 40/70

2023-11-10T19:03:18Z

U51386188: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_leopard_bofors
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage Leopard 40-70.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The semovente controaerei Leopard Bofors da 40/ 70 (introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].) is a prototype Italian anti-air platform made during the late 1990's. Its role was to aid the Italian SIDAM-25 platform in shooting down enemy air targets and provide cover for armoured convoys, the Italian army would test it for several years but ultimately it would see mass production. In game this vehicle can be researched after the M42 contraereo. The main pros of this vehicle includes its amazing mobility and the firepower it can provide. Being based on the leopard platform but without the original turret means that a lot of weight was saved when installing the Breda Bofors 40mm cannon. As such in game you'll easily be one of the most mobile vehicles at your battlerating. The 40mm main armament is highly effective against ground and air targets, more so against enemy air as the amazing elevation angles allow you to be able to hit targets which are even directly above you. The main weakness of this vehicle is its armour and crew placement, most if not all enemy vehicles will be able to take you out in 1 shot. As such its best to try and flank as much as you can with this vehicle to take enemies by surpise and then quickly move unto a different area to repeat the same strategy.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Italian Leopard Bofors da 40/70 does not have a high grade of survivability, its main weakness is the turret which similarly like other Anti-air vehicles by being open-top. This means that this platform can easily be taken out by even the lowest of machine gun fire, artillery and enemy aircraft. The frontal armour is reliable against APDS and AP rounds from many of the autocannons found around its battle-rating but struggles against chemical and armour-piercing rounds from dedicated tanks and tank destroyers. The side and rear armour however, is a different story. Offering only 30-60 mm of armour over most of the surface, it can be penetrated by most rounds fired from cannon calibre weapons. The crew placement also means that 1 clean shot at the centre mass of this vehicle would usually mean it being taken out completely. The ammunition is also stored behind the vehicle which depending on the scenario, could mean a swift exit from the match as its another big weakspot of this vehicle.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
|Hull||70 mm (60°) ''Upper Glacis''
50 mm (50°) ''Lower Glacis''
|35 mm ''Upper''
30 mm ''Lower''
|25 mm||15-30 mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors DA 40/70]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 228 (4) || rowspan="2" | 240 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''40 mm HEI-T:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''40 mm APCBC-T:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}

{{:Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T*, AP-T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''57''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great off and on-road mobility for an Anti-air platform
* Fast firing 40mm autocannon
* Able to engage both enemy ground and air vehicles effectively
* Amazing turret traverse and elevation angles

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour, pretty much any tank at its battle rating can penetrate it from all sides
* Open top turret, very big weakspot which enemies can easily abuse
* Poor crew placement, most being in the turret meaning a clean shot at centre mass will result in the vehicle being knocked out
* Ammunition all stored at the rear, another big weakspot for enemies to take advantage of
* Vehicle profile is tall and long so keeping this vehicle hidden can be hard at times

== History ==

The story of the Leopard Bofors da 40/70 would begin during the late 1990's. Decades earlier Italy had managed to not only buy but also licence produce the Leopard 1 main battle tank. The Italian army was equipped with several variants of the Leopard tank, Initially they'd have access to a small batch of Leopard 1A1s, which were then later upgraded to Leopard 1A2s. Years later Italy would be one of the biggest users of the Leopard 1 tank mainly thanks to OTO Melara who were producing them non-stop. Italy was no stranger to modifying the Leopard platform and at one point a study was conducted which aimed to equip the Italian army Leopard 1A1's with the Italian-made "Thetis" thermal imager system, only a singular prototype was completed. That wasn't it however, Italy would also test the OTOMATIC anti-air turret by mounting it on the Leopard, and although that showed positive results it sadly wouldn't be picked up. One of if not the very last modification to the Leopard platform by Italy would come in the form of the Leopard Bofors da 40/70.

During the late 1990’s the arsenale di Piacenza was tasked by the Italian ministry of defence to create a low cost self-propelled anti-air platform by reusing surplus Bofors cannons and the vast amount of Leopard's (which were soon to be replaced by the C1 Ariete) as a base for this vehicle. It didn’t have any radar and special optics, it’s main role was to supplement the SIDAM-25 anti-air vehicle in armoured convoys and aid it in shooting down air threats. Its armament consisted of a 40mm Bofors cannon which was primarily used to engage enemy aircraft, however due to the various 40mm rounds made at the time, there was also the possibility for it to be used against ground-based targets if it was ever tasked to do so. Italy would test it for a couple years the only upside which was found was the fact that it would be easy to produce and wouldn’t require a lot of work to convert the old Leopards to fill this role. The vehicle was also able to boast about it having a decent mobility as removing the old Leopard turret and replacing it with the Bofors meant that it was way less heavier than before. Everything else discovered during testing sadly was mostly negative. When compared to newer anti-air platforms, even ones made by Italy itself the vehicle was just subpar, the lack of radar and any form of search and tracking meant that its use on a modern battlefield would be negligible. As such the project was dropped with 1 or 2 prototypes being completed, Italy would stick with the SIDAM-25 and the old Leopard hulls were sent over to the Lenta military scrapyard.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}

M109 (Israel)

2023-11-09T21:50:26Z

U51386188: /* See also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=il_m109
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M126 (155 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M126 (155 mm)|155 mm M126]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 28 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M126 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''28''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
=== Devblog History===
Development of the M109 began in the early 1950s under a U.S. program to develop a common chassis for a number of different SPH designs. Upon entering service, the M109 was immediately deployed to the Vietnam War. However, its operational service during the conflict was cut short due to serious mechanical malfunctions which rendered the fleet inoperable. Nonetheless, after being addressed and receiving its first upgrade to the A1 standard, the M109 would continue service with U.S. forces for decades to come, taking part in virtually all military conflicts where U.S. forces were deployed in. Once its design eventually matured, the M109 successfully resisted replacement on multiple occasions and continuously received upgrades until the present day.
== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[M109G (Italy)]]
* [[M109A1 (Great Britain)]]
* [[M109G]]
* [[M109A1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8537-development-m109-the-king-of-battle-en|[Devblog] M109: The King of Battle]]

{{Israel tank destroyers}}

M109A1

2023-11-09T21:47:52Z

U51386188: /* See also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_m109a1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was introduced into American service in 1973 as an improved version of the M109 self-propelled howitzer. The main improvement was the installation of a new 155 mm M185 cannon, which had a longer barrel and a higher muzzle velocity than the previous M126. This increased the effective range of the M109A1 from 14.6 km to 18 km, giving it an advantage over foreign artillery. The M109A1 also had a new loading assist system that automated some of the loading procedures and reduced the workload of the crew. It was known for its role in supporting the US Army's operations in Europe and the Middle East, where it could provide fire support for ground forces and counter-battery fire against enemy artillery. The existing M109A1's were later converted to the M109A2 standard, which incorporated 27 RAM (Reliability, Availability, Maintability) improvements.

The {{Specs|name}} was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]]. It has similar characteristics to the Soviet [[2S3M]] and can deliver powerful 155 mm shells over long distances and relocate swiftly to evade enemy fire. The M109A1 has a fast rate of fire, thanks to its semi-automatic loader and large ammo capacity, and its mobility is complemented by a good top speed and acceleration. However, its armor is not very thick, so it's recommended to use the M109A1's speed to avoid direct confrontations when possible. Moreover, it is essential to keep in mind that the M109A1 has low gun depression and cannot depend on firing from elevated positions.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=575|rbMinHp=358}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M185 (155 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M185 (155 mm)|155 mm M185]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Autoloader
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 28 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M185 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''28''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to HE and HE-VT shells with more than 9 kg of TNT
* Top speed of 56 km/h that it can easily reach
* Good reloading rate of 13.3 seconds, which easily surpasses its counterparts
* Can be surprisingly survivable, usually not taken out in a single shot
* Automatic loading mechanism for the main cannon
* Impressive 75° elevation limit

'''Cons:'''

* Hindered by a limited gun depression of -3 degrees
* The gunner optics have a low zoom level (4X)
* Thin armor, will only stop small arms fire

== History ==
=== Devblog History===
Development of the M109 began in the early 1950s under a U.S. program to develop a common chassis for a number of different SPH designs. Upon entering service, the M109 was immediately deployed to the Vietnam War. However, its operational service during the conflict was cut short due to serious mechanical malfunctions which rendered the fleet inoperable. Nonetheless, after being addressed and receiving its first upgrade to the A1 standard, the M109 would continue service with U.S. forces for decades to come, taking part in virtually all military conflicts where U.S. forces were deployed in. Once its design eventually matured, the M109 successfully resisted replacement on multiple occasions and continuously received upgrades until the present day.
== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[M109G (Italy)]]

* [[M109 (Israel)]]
* [[M109A1 (Great Britain)]]
* [[M109G]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8537-development-m109-the-king-of-battle-en|[Devblog] M109: The King of Battle]]
{{USA tank destroyers}}

M109A1 (Great Britain)

2023-11-09T21:46:37Z

U51386188: /* See also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_m109a1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M185 (155 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M185 (155 mm)|155 mm M185]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Autoloader
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 28 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M185 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''28''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
=== Devblog History===
Development of the M109 began in the early 1950s under a U.S. program to develop a common chassis for a number of different SPH designs. Upon entering service, the M109 was immediately deployed to the Vietnam War. However, its operational service during the conflict was cut short due to serious mechanical malfunctions which rendered the fleet inoperable. Nonetheless, after being addressed and receiving its first upgrade to the A1 standard, the M109 would continue service with U.S. forces for decades to come, taking part in virtually all military conflicts where U.S. forces were deployed in. Once its design eventually matured, the M109 successfully resisted replacement on multiple occasions and continuously received upgrades until the present day.
== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[M109 (Israel)]]
* [[M109A1]]
* [[M109G]]
* [[M109G (Italy)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8537-development-m109-the-king-of-battle-en|[Devblog] M109: The King of Battle]]

{{Britain tank destroyers}}

M109G

2023-11-09T21:44:57Z

U51386188: /* See also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_m109g
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M126 (155 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M126 (155 mm)|155 mm M126]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 28 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M126 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''28''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* smoke grenades can sometimes help you get behind cover after a shot

*

'''Cons:'''

* slow turret traverse speed
* low survivability due to thin armour
* long reload
* slow shell velocity and bad optics zoom making it bad for sniping in long distance

*

== History ==
=== Devblog History===
Development of the M109 began in the early 1950s under a U.S. program to develop a common chassis for a number of different SPH designs. Upon entering service, the M109 was immediately deployed to the Vietnam War. However, its operational service during the conflict was cut short due to serious mechanical malfunctions which rendered the fleet inoperable. Nonetheless, after being addressed and receiving its first upgrade to the A1 standard, the M109 would continue service with U.S. forces for decades to come, taking part in virtually all military conflicts where U.S. forces were deployed in. Once its design eventually matured, the M109 successfully resisted replacement on multiple occasions and continuously received upgrades until the present day.
== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[M109G (Italy)]]

* [[M109 (Israel)]]
* [[M109A1 (Great Britain)]]
* [[M109A1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8537-development-m109-the-king-of-battle-en|[Devblog] M109: The King of Battle]]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

M109G (Italy)

2023-11-09T21:43:47Z

U51386188: /* See also, Pros and Cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_m109g
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M126 (155 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M126 (155 mm)|155 mm M126]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 28 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M126 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''28''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 155mm cannon
* Great elevation angles
* Access to proxy munitions

*

'''Cons:'''

* Slow turret traverse speed
* Low survivability due to thin armour and munition placement
* Long reload
* Slow shell velocity
* Bad optics zoom, inadequate for sniping at long distances

*

== History ==

'''History'''

The story of the M109 begins during the late stages of the cold war, it would be designed due to a need from the American army to completely replace their aging fleet of M44 self-propelled howitzer. The American army wanted several improvements from the last vehicle they wanted to replace. What they mainly wanted from the new platform was for it to be somewhat mobile and have a bigger caliber. Initial prototypes for the M109 would see itself armed with a 105mm cannon, but would later be changed to a 155mm. They also had chosen to opt to equip the vehicle with a diesel engine, which although it would prove to give less output it was much more reliable so breaking down would not become a common occurrence. It would first officially enter service inside the American army by 1961, and would prove to be quite effective inside the battlefield. Italy comes into play also, post war they had been lacking in a lot of sectors so America would be generous enough to supply the Italian army with M44 self-propelled howitzers, however for the same reason the American army had put out the service the M44, the Italian army also looked for a replacement. Besides wanting to put out of service the M44, it was also due to them looking for a heavy SPH that would be mobile enough and be able to be operated in multiple types of environments. Eventually after a lot of discussions, the first batches of M109 is would be acquired by the Italian army in 1962. Initially part of the deal with Italy included 221 M109's equipped with 155mm cannons. Other part of the deal saw Italy purchase up to 62 versions of the M109A1B. Some of the original M109's later got upgraded by OTO Melara to the M109L standard which had been modified to utilize the 155mm cannon made by OTO Melara. Italy improved combat effectiveness of their M109's by adding a 'rammer' which heavily reduced operator fatigue while also increasing the rate of fire of the vehicle. In terms of survivability the M109 is not the most armored vehicle there is, but it is said that it could withstand the majority of small arms fire and shell splinters that may happen to hit the vehicle when an enemy performs a counter artillery attack. However that said even the weakest HE or HEAT rounds would make short work of the M109, the platform houses its munitions at the back of the turret, so it safe to say that it would not be able to hold its own against most ground vehicle threats if shot there. In terms of mobility, (depending on the version) most M109's can reach the speeds of up to 35km an hour, with an overall range of 216 miles. It is powered by a Detroit Diesel 8V71T engine which produces 450hp. In terms of service, the M109 has been combat proven in many theaters of war all around the world, The Italian army would mostly use the M109 for various missions and safekeeping operations, for example during the Kosovo war, where it provided much needed artillery fire for the troops on the ground. Most sources however state that the majority if not all M109's that the Italian army had used, have been phased out during the early 2000's for the more modern and stronger artillery piece known as PzH 2000. Besides the upgrades done by the Italian army, Leonardo created an upgrade for the M109 which added a new cannon able to fire projectiles at a longer range, alongside with the integration of the new Italian made guided Vulcano munitions.

=== Devblog History ===
Development of the M109 began in the early 1950s under a U.S. program to develop a common chassis for a number of different SPH designs. Upon entering service, the M109 was immediately deployed to the Vietnam War. However, its operational service during the conflict was cut short due to serious mechanical malfunctions which rendered the fleet inoperable. Nonetheless, after being addressed and receiving its first upgrade to the A1 standard, the M109 would continue service with U.S. forces for decades to come, taking part in virtually all military conflicts where U.S. forces were deployed in. Once its design eventually matured, the M109 successfully resisted replacement on multiple occasions and continuously received upgrades until the present day.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[M109 (Israel)]]
* [[M109A1 (Great Britain)]]
* [[M109A1]]
* [[M109G]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8537-development-m109-the-king-of-battle-en|[Devblog] M109: The King of Battle]]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}

M109G (Italy)

2023-11-09T21:36:59Z

U51386188: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_m109g
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M126 (155 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M126 (155 mm)|155 mm M126]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 28 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M126 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''28''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

'''History'''

The story of the M109 begins during the late stages of the cold war, it would be designed due to a need from the American army to completely replace their aging fleet of M44 self-propelled howitzer. The American army wanted several improvements from the last vehicle they wanted to replace. What they mainly wanted from the new platform was for it to be somewhat mobile and have a bigger caliber. Initial prototypes for the M109 would see itself armed with a 105mm cannon, but would later be changed to a 155mm. They also had chosen to opt to equip the vehicle with a diesel engine, which although it would prove to give less output it was much more reliable so breaking down would not become a common occurrence. It would first officially enter service inside the American army by 1961, and would prove to be quite effective inside the battlefield. Italy comes into play also, post war they had been lacking in a lot of sectors so America would be generous enough to supply the Italian army with M44 self-propelled howitzers, however for the same reason the American army had put out the service the M44, the Italian army also looked for a replacement. Besides wanting to put out of service the M44, it was also due to them looking for a heavy SPH that would be mobile enough and be able to be operated in multiple types of environments. Eventually after a lot of discussions, the first batches of M109 is would be acquired by the Italian army in 1962. Initially part of the deal with Italy included 221 M109's equipped with 155mm cannons. Other part of the deal saw Italy purchase up to 62 versions of the M109A1B. Some of the original M109's later got upgraded by OTO Melara to the M109L standard which had been modified to utilize the 155mm cannon made by OTO Melara. Italy improved combat effectiveness of their M109's by adding a 'rammer' which heavily reduced operator fatigue while also increasing the rate of fire of the vehicle. In terms of survivability the M109 is not the most armored vehicle there is, but it is said that it could withstand the majority of small arms fire and shell splinters that may happen to hit the vehicle when an enemy performs a counter artillery attack. However that said even the weakest HE or HEAT rounds would make short work of the M109, the platform houses its munitions at the back of the turret, so it safe to say that it would not be able to hold its own against most ground vehicle threats if shot there. In terms of mobility, (depending on the version) most M109's can reach the speeds of up to 35km an hour, with an overall range of 216 miles. It is powered by a Detroit Diesel 8V71T engine which produces 450hp. In terms of service, the M109 has been combat proven in many theaters of war all around the world, The Italian army would mostly use the M109 for various missions and safekeeping operations, for example during the Kosovo war, where it provided much needed artillery fire for the troops on the ground. Most sources however state that the majority if not all M109's that the Italian army had used, have been phased out during the early 2000's for the more modern and stronger artillery piece known as PzH 2000. Besides the upgrades done by the Italian army, Leonardo created an upgrade for the M109 which added a new cannon able to fire projectiles at a longer range, alongside with the integration of the new Italian made guided Vulcano munitions.

=== Devblog History ===
Development of the M109 began in the early 1950s under a U.S. program to develop a common chassis for a number of different SPH designs. Upon entering service, the M109 was immediately deployed to the Vietnam War. However, its operational service during the conflict was cut short due to serious mechanical malfunctions which rendered the fleet inoperable. Nonetheless, after being addressed and receiving its first upgrade to the A1 standard, the M109 would continue service with U.S. forces for decades to come, taking part in virtually all military conflicts where U.S. forces were deployed in. Once its design eventually matured, the M109 successfully resisted replacement on multiple occasions and continuously received upgrades until the present day.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8537-development-m109-the-king-of-battle-en|[Devblog] M109: The King of Battle]]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}

M109G

2023-11-09T21:05:33Z

U51386188: /* Pros and cons fix */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_m109g
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M126 (155 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M126 (155 mm)|155 mm M126]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 28 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M126 (155 mm)/Ammunition|M107, M107 (PF), M110}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''28''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* smoke grenades can sometimes help you get behind cover after a shot

*

'''Cons:'''

* slow turret traverse speed
* low survivability due to thin armour
* long reload
* slow shell velocity and bad optics zoom making it bad for sniping in long distance

*

== History ==
=== Devblog History===
Development of the M109 began in the early 1950s under a U.S. program to develop a common chassis for a number of different SPH designs. Upon entering service, the M109 was immediately deployed to the Vietnam War. However, its operational service during the conflict was cut short due to serious mechanical malfunctions which rendered the fleet inoperable. Nonetheless, after being addressed and receiving its first upgrade to the A1 standard, the M109 would continue service with U.S. forces for decades to come, taking part in virtually all military conflicts where U.S. forces were deployed in. Once its design eventually matured, the M109 successfully resisted replacement on multiple occasions and continuously received upgrades until the present day.
== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8537-development-m109-the-king-of-battle-en|[Devblog] M109: The King of Battle]]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

AH-129D

2023-11-02T17:32:47Z

U51386188: /* Media, External links, See also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=a_129_d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

Outfitting the AH-129D with general payload options (Spikes,Hellfires, rockets, air-to-air missiles) does not make the helicopter any slower than its adversaries, in fact at times you'll easily be one of the fastest helicopters on the battlefield. The AH-129D is able to do manoeuvres other helicopters can only dream about, even with full payload options. In Ground RB matches however, there should not be many times you'll have to move too much to avoid enemies. You are able to get good positions thanks to your speed, and, if done right, you will be able to dodge incoming missiles from enemy SPAA or jet aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 269 || 253 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 319 || 295
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

Unlike its the A-129 CBT, the AH-129D has access to the MAWS (missile approach warning system) which can be configured to activate together and automatically set off its counter-measures in game. Generally speaking however the AH-129D is not very survivable. Like many helicopters at its battle rating, it is prone to exploding into many pieces after a hit from a missile. It does have some armour on the cockpit area, but in battles that won't really protect you from anything you'll face. The AH-129D uses Kevlar boron carbide, a composite material which is limited only to instrument, floor and side panels around the cockpit. It does not provide the same level of protection as seen on other helicopters.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|TM197B (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon, nose turret (750 rpg) + 90 x countermeasures
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon + 90 x countermeasures + IRCM

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

''Describe the helicopter's suspended armament: additional cannons under the winglets, any bombs, and rockets. Since any helicopter is essentially only a platform for suspended weaponry, this section is significant and deserves your special attention. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in a helicopter, the features of using the helicopter in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Access to SPIKE ER2 fire and forget anti-tank missiles
* Access to MAWS (missile approach warning system)
* Very good and in most cases, unmatched manoeuvrability
* Good speed
* Deadly 20 mm autocannon
* Can carry AIM-92 Stinger or Mistral air-to-air missiles
* Very effective anti-tank capabilities
* Has access to countermeasures and a ballistic computer
* Access to IRST auto tracker which is very effective against planes
* Has IRCM which prevents the stable lock of IR missiles without ECCM

*

'''Cons:'''

* Fragile, cannot tank as many hits as its counterparts
* Spike fire and forget missiles are extremely slow

*

== History ==

The story of the A129 Mangusta "Delta", (also known as A129 ESS, AH-129D and A129 Mangusta) began during the late stages of the Cold War. The helicopter began to be developed at the request of the Italian Army, whom saw the need to equip its air units with a dedicated attack helicopter with anti-tank capabilities. The A129 was the first dedicated attack helicopter fully designed and built in Western Europe. Its project began in 1978 and its final project was ready only in 1982. The A129 made its first official maiden flight on the 15th of September of 1983, at the Agusta company Cascina-Costa facilities. The flight lasted about 30 minutes. Agusta pilots were extremely happy with the results, and went on record and said that the helicopter had great handling. They had previously only performed shake down flights twice prior to the first official flight. It was given the name Mangusta by the Italian army and Agusta employees. This name was mainly chosen due to the fact that the A129 was a direct competitor of the Bell A-1 Cobra that at that time rivaled the Agusta project. (The mongoose is known for its ease in killing poisonous snakes).

Agusta would continue to develop the A129 Mangusta and would see exensive service in the Balkans as part of the Italian peace keeping contigent for the NATO lead KFOR. It would also be used in Somalia, Iraq and Afghanistan. After the first A-129A's began being used in service, Agusta developed the A-129 International which was primarily made for export. In short during that era they didn't have a lot of luck but did use what they learned from the International by making what is known as the A-129 Mangusta "Combat" or "CBT" for short. The CBT was an updated version for the Italian Army, incorporating the same advances of the International version where the avionics and armament were modernized, the motorization however was kept original with Rolls Royce Gem 2-1004D's that produced a maximum unit power of 1120 HP. Years would pass and the CBT would require one final upgrade for it to remain in service, as such Agusta would once again be in charge and would look into what the Italian army would require.

After a lot of talk and design proposals, Agusta would finally come out with the A-129 Mangusta "Delta" also known as the AH-129D. The Delta variant of the Mangusta would be first presented in 2011. It would be highly advanced as it replaced the now out of service TOW anti-tank missile with the Israeli-made Spike fire-and-forget missile. The AH-129D variant also improved the avionics and optics of the Mangusta, incorporating the Rafael TOPLITE optic which offered not only better visability but improved also in the zoom and thermal imaging department. The first user of the AH-129D would be the 5th regiment of the AVES (Aviazione dell’Esercito), Italy would go unto quickly use it in Afghanistan. What was discovered is that during its service there, the AH-129D would rack up more flight hours than its peers as according to pilots stationed there at the time, the Mangusta was better suited for this type of counter-insurgancy role. As of now the Delta variant of the Mangusta is still very much in active service, but by 2027 the Italian army hopes that Leonardo will have begun to deliver the replacement of the Delta, known as the AH/AW-249 'Fenice'.

== Media ==

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a_129_cbt Skins and camouflages for the AH-129D from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[A129CBT]]
* [[A-129 International (p)]]
* [[T129]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* https://warthunder.com/en/news/8531-development-ah-129d-mangusta-spiked-up-mongoose-en
* https://warthunder.com/en/news/6989-development-italian-helicopters-en

{{Italy helicopters}}

AH-129D

2023-11-02T17:28:13Z

U51386188: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=a_129_d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

Outfitting the AH-129D with general payload options (Spikes,Hellfires, rockets, air-to-air missiles) does not make the helicopter any slower than its adversaries, in fact at times you'll easily be one of the fastest helicopters on the battlefield. The AH-129D is able to do manoeuvres other helicopters can only dream about, even with full payload options. In Ground RB matches however, there should not be many times you'll have to move too much to avoid enemies. You are able to get good positions thanks to your speed, and, if done right, you will be able to dodge incoming missiles from enemy SPAA or jet aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 269 || 253 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 319 || 295
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

Unlike its the A-129 CBT, the AH-129D has access to the MAWS (missile approach warning system) which can be configured to activate together and automatically set off its counter-measures in game. Generally speaking however the AH-129D is not very survivable. Like many helicopters at its battle rating, it is prone to exploding into many pieces after a hit from a missile. It does have some armour on the cockpit area, but in battles that won't really protect you from anything you'll face. The AH-129D uses Kevlar boron carbide, a composite material which is limited only to instrument, floor and side panels around the cockpit. It does not provide the same level of protection as seen on other helicopters.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|TM197B (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon, nose turret (750 rpg) + 90 x countermeasures
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon + 90 x countermeasures + IRCM

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

''Describe the helicopter's suspended armament: additional cannons under the winglets, any bombs, and rockets. Since any helicopter is essentially only a platform for suspended weaponry, this section is significant and deserves your special attention. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in a helicopter, the features of using the helicopter in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Access to SPIKE ER2 fire and forget anti-tank missiles
* Access to MAWS (missile approach warning system)
* Very good and in most cases, unmatched manoeuvrability
* Good speed
* Deadly 20 mm autocannon
* Can carry AIM-92 Stinger or Mistral air-to-air missiles
* Very effective anti-tank capabilities
* Has access to countermeasures and a ballistic computer
* Access to IRST auto tracker which is very effective against planes
* Has IRCM which prevents the stable lock of IR missiles without ECCM

*

'''Cons:'''

* Fragile, cannot tank as many hits as its counterparts
* Spike fire and forget missiles are extremely slow

*

== History ==

The story of the A129 Mangusta "Delta", (also known as A129 ESS, AH-129D and A129 Mangusta) began during the late stages of the Cold War. The helicopter began to be developed at the request of the Italian Army, whom saw the need to equip its air units with a dedicated attack helicopter with anti-tank capabilities. The A129 was the first dedicated attack helicopter fully designed and built in Western Europe. Its project began in 1978 and its final project was ready only in 1982. The A129 made its first official maiden flight on the 15th of September of 1983, at the Agusta company Cascina-Costa facilities. The flight lasted about 30 minutes. Agusta pilots were extremely happy with the results, and went on record and said that the helicopter had great handling. They had previously only performed shake down flights twice prior to the first official flight. It was given the name Mangusta by the Italian army and Agusta employees. This name was mainly chosen due to the fact that the A129 was a direct competitor of the Bell A-1 Cobra that at that time rivaled the Agusta project. (The mongoose is known for its ease in killing poisonous snakes).

Agusta would continue to develop the A129 Mangusta and would see exensive service in the Balkans as part of the Italian peace keeping contigent for the NATO lead KFOR. It would also be used in Somalia, Iraq and Afghanistan. After the first A-129A's began being used in service, Agusta developed the A-129 International which was primarily made for export. In short during that era they didn't have a lot of luck but did use what they learned from the International by making what is known as the A-129 Mangusta "Combat" or "CBT" for short. The CBT was an updated version for the Italian Army, incorporating the same advances of the International version where the avionics and armament were modernized, the motorization however was kept original with Rolls Royce Gem 2-1004D's that produced a maximum unit power of 1120 HP. Years would pass and the CBT would require one final upgrade for it to remain in service, as such Agusta would once again be in charge and would look into what the Italian army would require.

After a lot of talk and design proposals, Agusta would finally come out with the A-129 Mangusta "Delta" also known as the AH-129D. The Delta variant of the Mangusta would be first presented in 2011. It would be highly advanced as it replaced the now out of service TOW anti-tank missile with the Israeli-made Spike fire-and-forget missile. The AH-129D variant also improved the avionics and optics of the Mangusta, incorporating the Rafael TOPLITE optic which offered not only better visability but improved also in the zoom and thermal imaging department. The first user of the AH-129D would be the 5th regiment of the AVES (Aviazione dell’Esercito), Italy would go unto quickly use it in Afghanistan. What was discovered is that during its service there, the AH-129D would rack up more flight hours than its peers as according to pilots stationed there at the time, the Mangusta was better suited for this type of counter-insurgancy role. As of now the Delta variant of the Mangusta is still very much in active service, but by 2027 the Italian army hopes that Leonardo will have begun to deliver the replacement of the Delta, known as the AH/AW-249 'Fenice'.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the helicopter;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy helicopters}}

AH-129D

2023-11-02T17:07:14Z

U51386188: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=a_129_d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

Outfitting the AH-129D with general payload options (Spikes,Hellfires, rockets, air-to-air missiles) does not make the helicopter any slower than its adversaries, in fact at times you'll easily be one of the fastest helicopters on the battlefield. The AH-129D is able to do manoeuvres other helicopters can only dream about, even with full payload options. In Ground RB matches however, there should not be many times you'll have to move too much to avoid enemies. You are able to get good positions thanks to your speed, and, if done right, you will be able to dodge incoming missiles from enemy SPAA or jet aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 269 || 253 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 319 || 295
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

Unlike its the A-129 CBT, the AH-129D has access to the MAWS (missile approach warning system) which can be configured to activate together and automatically set off its counter-measures in game. Generally speaking however the AH-129D is not very survivable. Like many helicopters at its battle rating, it is prone to exploding into many pieces after a hit from a missile. It does have some armour on the cockpit area, but in battles that won't really protect you from anything you'll face. The AH-129D uses Kevlar boron carbide, a composite material which is limited only to instrument, floor and side panels around the cockpit. It does not provide the same level of protection as seen on other helicopters.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|TM197B (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon, nose turret (750 rpg) + 90 x countermeasures
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon + 90 x countermeasures + IRCM

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

''Describe the helicopter's suspended armament: additional cannons under the winglets, any bombs, and rockets. Since any helicopter is essentially only a platform for suspended weaponry, this section is significant and deserves your special attention. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in a helicopter, the features of using the helicopter in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Access to SPIKE ER2 fire and forget anti-tank missiles
* Access to MAWS (missile approach warning system)
* Very good and in most cases, unmatched manoeuvrability
* Good speed
* Deadly 20 mm autocannon
* Can carry AIM-92 Stinger or Mistral air-to-air missiles
* Very effective anti-tank capabilities
* Has access to countermeasures and a ballistic computer
* Access to IRST auto tracker which is very effective against planes
* Has IRCM which prevents the stable lock of IR missiles without ECCM

*

'''Cons:'''

* Fragile, cannot tank as many hits as its counterparts
* Spike fire and forget missiles are extremely slow

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the helicopter in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the helicopter;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy helicopters}}

AH-129D

2023-11-02T17:03:34Z

U51386188: /* Survivability and armour */

{{Specs-Card
|code=a_129_d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

Outfitting the AH-129D with general payload options (Spikes,Hellfires, rockets, air-to-air missiles) does not make the helicopter any slower than its adversaries, in fact at times you'll easily be one of the fastest helicopters on the battlefield. The AH-129D is able to do manoeuvres other helicopters can only dream about, even with full payload options. In Ground RB matches however, there should not be many times you'll have to move too much to avoid enemies. You are able to get good positions thanks to your speed, and, if done right, you will be able to dodge incoming missiles from enemy SPAA or jet aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 269 || 253 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 319 || 295
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

Unlike its the A-129 CBT, the AH-129D has access to the MAWS (missile approach warning system) which can be configured to activate together and automatically set off its counter-measures in game. Generally speaking however the AH-129D is not very survivable. Like many helicopters at its battle rating, it is prone to exploding into many pieces after a hit from a missile. It does have some armour on the cockpit area, but in battles that won't really protect you from anything you'll face. The AH-129D uses Kevlar boron carbide, a composite material which is limited only to instrument, floor and side panels around the cockpit. It does not provide the same level of protection as seen on other helicopters.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|TM197B (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon, nose turret (750 rpg) + 90 x countermeasures
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon + 90 x countermeasures + IRCM

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

''Describe the helicopter's suspended armament: additional cannons under the winglets, any bombs, and rockets. Since any helicopter is essentially only a platform for suspended weaponry, this section is significant and deserves your special attention. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in a helicopter, the features of using the helicopter in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the helicopter in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the helicopter;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy helicopters}}

AH-129D

2023-11-02T17:00:08Z

U51386188: /* correction */

{{Specs-Card
|code=a_129_d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

Outfitting the AH-129D with general payload options (Spikes,Hellfires, rockets, air-to-air missiles) does not make the helicopter any slower than its adversaries, in fact at times you'll easily be one of the fastest helicopters on the battlefield. The AH-129D is able to do manoeuvres other helicopters can only dream about, even with full payload options. In Ground RB matches however, there should not be many times you'll have to move too much to avoid enemies. You are able to get good positions thanks to your speed, and, if done right, you will be able to dodge incoming missiles from enemy SPAA or jet aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 269 || 253 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 319 || 295
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the helicopter. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|TM197B (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon, nose turret (750 rpg) + 90 x countermeasures
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon + 90 x countermeasures + IRCM

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

''Describe the helicopter's suspended armament: additional cannons under the winglets, any bombs, and rockets. Since any helicopter is essentially only a platform for suspended weaponry, this section is significant and deserves your special attention. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in a helicopter, the features of using the helicopter in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the helicopter in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the helicopter;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy helicopters}}

AH-129D

2023-11-02T16:59:16Z

U51386188: /* Flight performance*/

{{Specs-Card
|code=a_129_d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}

Outfitting the AH-129D with general payload options (Spikes,Hellfires, rockets, air-to-air missiles) does not make the helicopter any slower than its adversaries, in fact at times you'll easily be one of the fastest helicopters on the battlefield. The AH-129D is able to do manoeuvres other helicopters can only dream about, even with full payload options. In Ground RB matches however, there should not be many times you'll have to move too much to avoid enemies. You are able to get good positions thanks to your speed, and, if done right, you will be able to dodge incoming missiles from enemy SPAA or jet aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 269 || 253 || rowspan="2" | 5400
{{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 319 || 295
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the helicopter. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Offensive}}

{{main|TM197B (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon, nose turret (750 rpg) + 90 x countermeasures
** 1 x 20 mm TM197B cannon + 90 x countermeasures + IRCM

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

''Describe the helicopter's suspended armament: additional cannons under the winglets, any bombs, and rockets. Since any helicopter is essentially only a platform for suspended weaponry, this section is significant and deserves your special attention. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in a helicopter, the features of using the helicopter in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the helicopter in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the helicopter;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy helicopters}}

Leopard 40/70

2023-11-02T16:56:10Z

U51386188: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_leopard_bofors
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Italian Leopard Bofors da 40/70 does not have a high grade of survivability, its main weakness is the turret which similarly like other Anti-air vehicles by being open-top. This means that this platform can easily be taken out by even the lowest of machine gun fire, artillery and enemy aircraft. The frontal armour is reliable against APDS and AP rounds from many of the autocannons found around its battle-rating but struggles against chemical and armour-piercing rounds from dedicated tanks and tank destroyers. The side and rear armour however, is a different story. Offering only 30-60 mm of armour over most of the surface, it can be penetrated by most rounds fired from cannon calibre weapons. The crew placement also means that 1 clean shot at the centre mass of this vehicle would usually mean it being taken out completely. The ammunition is also stored behind the vehicle which depending on the scenario, could mean a swift exit from the match as its another big weakspot of this vehicle.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
|Hull||70 mm (60°) ''Upper Glacis''
50 mm (50°) ''Lower Glacis''
|35 mm ''Upper''
30 mm ''Lower''
|25 mm||15-30 mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors DA 40/70]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 228 (4) || rowspan="2" | 240 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''40 mm HEI-T:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''40 mm APCBC-T:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}

{{:Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T*, AP-T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''57''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great off and on-road mobility for an Anti-air platform
* Fast firing 40mm autocannon
* Able to engage both enemy ground and air vehicles effectively
* Amazing turret traverse and elevation angles

*

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour, pretty much any tank at its battle rating can penetrate it from all sides
* Open top turret, very big weakspot which enemies can easily abuse
* Poor crew placement, most being in the turret meaning a clean shot at centre mass will result in the vehicle being knocked out
* Ammunition all stored at the rear, another big weakspot for enemies to take advantage of
* Vehicle profile is tall and long so keeping this vehicle hidden can be hard at times

*

== History ==

The story of the Leopard Bofors da 40/70 would begin during the late 1990's. Decades earlier Italy had managed to not only buy but also licence produce the Leopard 1 main battle tank. The Italian army was equipped with several variants of the Leopard tank, Initially they'd have access to a small batch of Leopard 1A1s, which were then later upgraded to Leopard 1A2s. Years later Italy would be one of the biggest users of the Leopard 1 tank mainly thanks to OTO Melara who were producing them non-stop. Italy was no stranger to modifying the Leopard platform and at one point a study was conducted which aimed to equip the Italian army Leopard 1A1's with the Italian-made "Thetis" thermal imager system, only a singular prototype was completed. That wasn't it however, Italy would also test the OTOMATIC anti-air turret by mounting it on the Leopard, and although that showed positive results it sadly wouldn't be picked up. One of if not the very last modification to the Leopard platform by Italy would come in the form of the Leopard Bofors da 40/70.

During the late 1990’s the arsenale di Piacenza was tasked by the Italian ministry of defence to create a low cost self-propelled anti-air platform by reusing surplus Bofors cannons and the vast amount of Leopard's (which were soon to be replaced by the C1 Ariete) as a base for this vehicle. It didn’t have any radar and special optics, it’s main role was to supplement the SIDAM-25 anti-air vehicle in armoured convoys and aid it in shooting down air threats. Its armament consisted of a 40mm Bofors cannon which was primarily used to engage enemy aircraft, however due to the various 40mm rounds made at the time, there was also the possibility for it to be used against ground-based targets if it was ever tasked to do so. Italy would test it for a couple years the only upside which was found was the fact that it would be easy to produce and wouldn’t require a lot of work to convert the old Leopards to fill this role. The vehicle was also able to boast about it having a decent mobility as removing the old Leopard turret and replacing it with the Bofors meant that it was way less heavier than before. Everything else discovered during testing sadly was mostly negative. When compared to newer anti-air platforms, even ones made by Italy itself the vehicle was just subpar, the lack of radar and any form of search and tracking meant that its use on a modern battlefield would be negligible. As such the project was dropped with 1 or 2 prototypes being completed, Italy would stick with the SIDAM-25 and the old Leopard hulls were sent over to the Lenta military scrapyard.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Leopard 40/70

2023-11-02T16:49:31Z

U51386188: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_leopard_bofors
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Italian Leopard Bofors da 40/70 does not have a high grade of survivability, its main weakness is the turret which similarly like other Anti-air vehicles by being open-top. This means that this platform can easily be taken out by even the lowest of machine gun fire, artillery and enemy aircraft. The frontal armour is reliable against APDS and AP rounds from many of the autocannons found around its battle-rating but struggles against chemical and armour-piercing rounds from dedicated tanks and tank destroyers. The side and rear armour however, is a different story. Offering only 30-60 mm of armour over most of the surface, it can be penetrated by most rounds fired from cannon calibre weapons. The crew placement also means that 1 clean shot at the centre mass of this vehicle would usually mean it being taken out completely. The ammunition is also stored behind the vehicle which depending on the scenario, could mean a swift exit from the match as its another big weakspot of this vehicle.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
|Hull||70 mm (60°) ''Upper Glacis''
50 mm (50°) ''Lower Glacis''
|35 mm ''Upper''
30 mm ''Lower''
|25 mm||15-30 mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors DA 40/70]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 228 (4) || rowspan="2" | 240 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''40 mm HEI-T:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''40 mm APCBC-T:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}

{{:Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T*, AP-T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''57''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The story of the Leopard Bofors da 40/70 would begin during the late 1990's. Decades earlier Italy had managed to not only buy but also licence produce the Leopard 1 main battle tank. The Italian army was equipped with several variants of the Leopard tank, Initially they'd have access to a small batch of Leopard 1A1s, which were then later upgraded to Leopard 1A2s. Years later Italy would be one of the biggest users of the Leopard 1 tank mainly thanks to OTO Melara who were producing them non-stop. Italy was no stranger to modifying the Leopard platform and at one point a study was conducted which aimed to equip the Italian army Leopard 1A1's with the Italian-made "Thetis" thermal imager system, only a singular prototype was completed. That wasn't it however, Italy would also test the OTOMATIC anti-air turret by mounting it on the Leopard, and although that showed positive results it sadly wouldn't be picked up. One of if not the very last modification to the Leopard platform by Italy would come in the form of the Leopard Bofors da 40/70.

During the late 1990’s the arsenale di Piacenza was tasked by the Italian ministry of defence to create a low cost self-propelled anti-air platform by reusing surplus Bofors cannons and the vast amount of Leopard's (which were soon to be replaced by the C1 Ariete) as a base for this vehicle. It didn’t have any radar and special optics, it’s main role was to supplement the SIDAM-25 anti-air vehicle in armoured convoys and aid it in shooting down air threats. Its armament consisted of a 40mm Bofors cannon which was primarily used to engage enemy aircraft, however due to the various 40mm rounds made at the time, there was also the possibility for it to be used against ground-based targets if it was ever tasked to do so. Italy would test it for a couple years the only upside which was found was the fact that it would be easy to produce and wouldn’t require a lot of work to convert the old Leopards to fill this role. The vehicle was also able to boast about it having a decent mobility as removing the old Leopard turret and replacing it with the Bofors meant that it was way less heavier than before. Everything else discovered during testing sadly was mostly negative. When compared to newer anti-air platforms, even ones made by Italy itself the vehicle was just subpar, the lack of radar and any form of search and tracking meant that its use on a modern battlefield would be negligible. As such the project was dropped with 1 or 2 prototypes being completed, Italy would stick with the SIDAM-25 and the old Leopard hulls were sent over to the Lenta military scrapyard.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Leopard 40/70

2023-11-02T16:27:25Z

U51386188: /* Survivability and armour*/

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_leopard_bofors
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Italian Leopard Bofors da 40/70 does not have a high grade of survivability, its main weakness is the turret which similarly like other Anti-air vehicles by being open-top. This means that this platform can easily be taken out by even the lowest of machine gun fire, artillery and enemy aircraft. The frontal armour is reliable against APDS and AP rounds from many of the autocannons found around its battle-rating but struggles against chemical and armour-piercing rounds from dedicated tanks and tank destroyers. The side and rear armour however, is a different story. Offering only 30-60 mm of armour over most of the surface, it can be penetrated by most rounds fired from cannon calibre weapons. The crew placement also means that 1 clean shot at the centre mass of this vehicle would usually mean it being taken out completely. The ammunition is also stored behind the vehicle which depending on the scenario, could mean a swift exit from the match as its another big weakspot of this vehicle.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
|Hull||70 mm (60°) ''Upper Glacis''
50 mm (50°) ''Lower Glacis''
|35 mm ''Upper''
30 mm ''Lower''
|25 mm||15-30 mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors DA 40/70]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 228 (4) || rowspan="2" | 240 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''40 mm HEI-T:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''40 mm APCBC-T:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}

{{:Bofors DA 40/70 (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T*, AP-T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''57''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}

OF-40 Mk.2A

2023-10-27T15:58:50Z

U51386188: /* History */

{{About
| about = Italian medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = OF-40 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_of_40_mk_2a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The OF-40 Mk.2A was a further upgrade of the [[OF-40]] which included things such as a low light level television camera (LLLTV) and a stabilized gun. Many consider the OF-40 Italy's first attempt at making an main battle tank post-WW2. The OF-40 was made after experience gained from the OTO Melara Leone project, it being a modified [[Leopard I]].

Introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]], the playstyle of the OF-40 Mk.2A is very similar to that of the OF-40, although now the player has access to a stabilized 105 mm cannon, something which allows them to fire on the move with more accuracy. Like the OF-40, the Mk.2A does have slightly better armour when compared to the Leopard I, but even with this upgrade it has the exact same weakspots present on the OF-40. Mobility-wise, the tank does not disappoint, it's still able to keep up with the majority of tanks at the battle rating. The OF-40 Mk.2A is armed with a 105 mm cannon which is able to fire APFSDS, HEAT, and HESH munitions. The laser rangefinder from the OF-40 is kept. It does get access to night vision devices but still does not get access to thermals. Overall, this tank can be quite effective when the player can work around its weaknesses and make the most of its strengths.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The protection of the OF-40 Mk.2A is not terrible, but it can't be relied upon. The protection is very similar to that of the German Leopard 1 tanks, due to the fact that the OF-40 was developed using the Leopard 1 as a basis. The hull and turret armour is very light, only being able to protect against HESH from the front, with HEAT and post-war armour piercing rounds such as APDS and APFSDS going right through. Due to the high number of angles, bounces can occur, but it can not be relied upon. On the other hand, low-calibre autocannons and all machine guns will not be able to penetrate from the front, and most (if not all) machine guns will not be able to penetrate the sides.

The driver, gunner, and commander are lined up in a row on the right side of the tank, allowing a potential knock-out if being shot at from the front; the tank will be able to keep fighting even if it loses two crewmembers since it starts with four. Additionally, unless the driver carries 20 rounds or less, the hull ammo rack next to the driver will be partially or completely full, depending on the amount. That means a shot coming from the front has a high chance of hitting and detonating ammunition.

Conclusion: This tank has a very conventional layout and has survivability similar to many other western tank designs from the Cold War, especially the Leopard 1. The best way to prevent this tank's destruction is to avoid enemy fire in the first place since most rounds will go straight through its armour.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled Homogeneous Armour - Hull and Turret
* High Hardness Rolled Armour - Turret
* Rubber-Fabric Screens - Sideskirts

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (68°) ''Upper Glacis''
50 mm (50°) ''Lower Glacis''
| 35 mm ''Upper Crew Compartment'' 25 mm ''Upper Engine Compartment''
30 mm ''Lower''
| 25 mm || 15 - 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 30 - 68 mm (Various Angles) ''Turret front'' 30 mm (~58°) + 45 mm (Curved) ''Gun mantlet'' || Spaced: 30 mm + 80 mm air + 35 mm ''Forward''
Spaced: 12 mm + 120 mm + 35 mm ''Rearward''
| 30 mm || 20 - 40 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* The turret sides use spaced armour, and are therefore stronger than they appear in the armour viewer.
* Beneath the angled outer portion of the gun mantlet is a curved 45 mm plate.
* There are 10 mm rubber-fabric screens protecting the upper suspension.
* The rear of the turret has 5 mm of structural steel in addition to the base armour.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)|105 mm OTO Melara 105/52]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 61 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 || 64.0 || 70.8 || 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M392A2, M393A2, M456, DM23, M416}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


<gallery mode="packed" widths="300" heights="300">
File:Ammoracks OF-40 Mk.2a (1).jpg|Ammoracks 1-9
File:Ammoracks OF-40 Mk.2a (2).png|Ammoracks 10-12
</gallery>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''61''' || 55 ''(+6)'' || 54 ''(+7)'' || 47 ''(+14)'' || 46 ''(+15)'' || 39 ''(+22)'' || 38 ''(+23)'' || 31 ''(+30)'' || 30 ''(+31)'' || 23 ''(+38)'' || 20 ''(+41)'' || 16 ''(+45)'' || 1 ''(+60)''||No
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Racks 11 and 12 are first stage ammo racks, meaning they will deplete when shots are fired but will then replenish from the other racks in the order from 1-9. Rack 11 depletes before rack 12, which is the last rack to deplete.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,200 (200) || 577 || -10°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The OF-40 MK.2A can be a truly powerful vehicle when used in the right hands. For people who are going through the stock grind, it is recommended that you play a support role, until you get access to the APFSDS round. The OF-40 MK.2A is not very armoured, compared to other vehicles it will face, the main weak spots are the hull and the sides. So for people who have just picked it up, either play as a support, sniper or flank, as the stock HEAT round is not very good to deal frontally with most of the enemies. One thing the OF-40 MK.2A has that its German rival doesn't have, is superior turret Armour. This means that you can easily go hull down on certain maps and manage to bounce a few things coming your way. Once you have gone through and researched most of its modifications, such as the APFSDS round and the engine upgrade, you should be ready to play a more offensive role. A good point you could take advantage of is your speed, your engine will be decent enough that you'll easily be with or ahead of your team most of the time. Use your speed at the start of matches to get to positions that enemies might not expect you, which might guarantee you the first shot in most engagements. Your gun is also very good at long ranges so it is also not a bad idea to keep your distances, since you cannot count on your survivalbility at all times. Do the same for night battles. This also should apply for all game modes, be aware that in Arcade battles the enemies are able to see your weak spots when they aim at you, so keep that in mind if you decide to go hull-down as an experienced player might just go for a different module, such as your cannon barrel or breech, and finish you off slowly.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great gun handling - the vertical and horizontal speeds of the turret/gun are among the best compared to contemporaries
* Optics have good zoom ranges permitting easy long-range shots
* Commander's machine gun is an upgrade from the regular OF-40; the 7.62 mm FN MAG is replaced with a 12.7 M2 with a big ammo count of 1,080 rounds
* The turret has flat, spaced plate armour on either side and slightly angled spaced armour towards the gun mantlet - can protect against some autocannon rounds, deflects AP shot if angled, and makes the turret sides immune to incoming HESH rounds
* Very mobile, rivalling the Leopard A1A1 and in some cases outrunning it!

'''Cons:'''

* Rather large and bulky turret makes it stick out above ridgelines and hilltops (but can bounce shots, see above)
* Not a very big amount of ammo (19+1) can be carried in the ready racks; bringing any more shells puts these next to the driver in the lightly armoured hull

== History ==
[[File:OF-40 MK2 (Thetis).png|frame|427x427px|One of the surviving OF-40 MK2's at the OTO Melara museum in La Spezia, Italy. This OF-40 MK2 is the THETIS variant which has additional armour and thermal imaging.]]
'''Development'''

The OF-40 main battle tank (MBT) was delivered to the UAE after first being unveiled in 1980. After a number of issues were highlighted by the user, an improved version called the OF-40 Mk.2 was designed, beginning trials in August 1982. It was optimized for operations in the desert and had a number of other improvements.

'''Production and Service'''

All 18 OF-40 Mk.1 tanks in service with the UAE were upgraded to the Mk.2 standard, and 18 OF-40 Mk.2 tanks were delivered as well. As such, the UAE operated a total of 36 OF-40 Mk.2 tanks.

The UAE, despite the numerous improvements over the OF-40 Mk.1, were unsatisfied with the OF-40 Mk.2. They believed the mobility was too low and that the gun wasn't powerful enough. As such, it was replaced by the French Leclerc. Despite being removed from active duty units, 36 OF-40s were listed to be in storage or reserve as of 2014.

=== [[wt:en/news/5938-development-of-40-mk-2a-made-in-italy-en|Devblog]] ===
After the end of WW2, the Italian industry completely stopped development and production of domestically designed tanks. During the Cold War, the Italian industry would produce armoured fighting vehicles for its own needs, however most of these vehicles were foreign designs built under license.

In the late 1970s, Oto Melara and Fiat began developing the first Italian post-WW2 tank, under a join private venture. As Oto Melara was already mass-producing the German Leopard 1 MBT under license for the Italian Army, its engineers possessed sufficient experience and know-how in order to develop their own tank.

The resulting vehicle, designated OF-40, turned out to be, somewhat unsurprisingly, very similar in design to the German Leopard 1 already in service with the Italian Army. Nonetheless, the OF-40 became the first domestically developed and produced Italian tank after WW2.

Despite the many similarities however, the Italian military proved reluctant in ordering the OF-40 for mass production. As a result of being unable to find a domestic operator, Oto Melara turned to the export market and soon found a willing buyer - the United Arab Emirates.

Shortly after, the OF-40 was upgraded to the Mk.2 version which, among other things, improved the vehicle's optics and rangefinder, added a two-plane stabilization system for the main gun, and an improved fire control system, allowing the vehicle to fire improved ammunition.

The OF-40 was only built in limited numbers and for a limited time, with the UAE being the only operator world-wide. The UAE still uses the OF-40 today, although in different roles, with proposals being made to convert the vehicle into a heavy IFV.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_of_40_mk_2a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[OF-40 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5938-development-of-40-mk-2a-made-in-italy-en|[Devblog] OF-40 Mk.2A: Made in Italy]]

{{TankManufacturer OTO Melara}}
{{Italy medium tanks}}

OF-40 Mk.2A

2023-10-27T15:56:56Z

U51386188: /* History */ (Adding photo i took of the OF-40 MK2 when i went to OTO Melara Museum)

{{About
| about = Italian medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = OF-40 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_of_40_mk_2a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The OF-40 Mk.2A was a further upgrade of the [[OF-40]] which included things such as a low light level television camera (LLLTV) and a stabilized gun. Many consider the OF-40 Italy's first attempt at making an main battle tank post-WW2. The OF-40 was made after experience gained from the OTO Melara Leone project, it being a modified [[Leopard I]].

Introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]], the playstyle of the OF-40 Mk.2A is very similar to that of the OF-40, although now the player has access to a stabilized 105 mm cannon, something which allows them to fire on the move with more accuracy. Like the OF-40, the Mk.2A does have slightly better armour when compared to the Leopard I, but even with this upgrade it has the exact same weakspots present on the OF-40. Mobility-wise, the tank does not disappoint, it's still able to keep up with the majority of tanks at the battle rating. The OF-40 Mk.2A is armed with a 105 mm cannon which is able to fire APFSDS, HEAT, and HESH munitions. The laser rangefinder from the OF-40 is kept. It does get access to night vision devices but still does not get access to thermals. Overall, this tank can be quite effective when the player can work around its weaknesses and make the most of its strengths.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The protection of the OF-40 Mk.2A is not terrible, but it can't be relied upon. The protection is very similar to that of the German Leopard 1 tanks, due to the fact that the OF-40 was developed using the Leopard 1 as a basis. The hull and turret armour is very light, only being able to protect against HESH from the front, with HEAT and post-war armour piercing rounds such as APDS and APFSDS going right through. Due to the high number of angles, bounces can occur, but it can not be relied upon. On the other hand, low-calibre autocannons and all machine guns will not be able to penetrate from the front, and most (if not all) machine guns will not be able to penetrate the sides.

The driver, gunner, and commander are lined up in a row on the right side of the tank, allowing a potential knock-out if being shot at from the front; the tank will be able to keep fighting even if it loses two crewmembers since it starts with four. Additionally, unless the driver carries 20 rounds or less, the hull ammo rack next to the driver will be partially or completely full, depending on the amount. That means a shot coming from the front has a high chance of hitting and detonating ammunition.

Conclusion: This tank has a very conventional layout and has survivability similar to many other western tank designs from the Cold War, especially the Leopard 1. The best way to prevent this tank's destruction is to avoid enemy fire in the first place since most rounds will go straight through its armour.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled Homogeneous Armour - Hull and Turret
* High Hardness Rolled Armour - Turret
* Rubber-Fabric Screens - Sideskirts

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (68°) ''Upper Glacis''
50 mm (50°) ''Lower Glacis''
| 35 mm ''Upper Crew Compartment'' 25 mm ''Upper Engine Compartment''
30 mm ''Lower''
| 25 mm || 15 - 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 30 - 68 mm (Various Angles) ''Turret front'' 30 mm (~58°) + 45 mm (Curved) ''Gun mantlet'' || Spaced: 30 mm + 80 mm air + 35 mm ''Forward''
Spaced: 12 mm + 120 mm + 35 mm ''Rearward''
| 30 mm || 20 - 40 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* The turret sides use spaced armour, and are therefore stronger than they appear in the armour viewer.
* Beneath the angled outer portion of the gun mantlet is a curved 45 mm plate.
* There are 10 mm rubber-fabric screens protecting the upper suspension.
* The rear of the turret has 5 mm of structural steel in addition to the base armour.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)|105 mm OTO Melara 105/52]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 61 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 || 64.0 || 70.8 || 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M392A2, M393A2, M456, DM23, M416}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


<gallery mode="packed" widths="300" heights="300">
File:Ammoracks OF-40 Mk.2a (1).jpg|Ammoracks 1-9
File:Ammoracks OF-40 Mk.2a (2).png|Ammoracks 10-12
</gallery>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''61''' || 55 ''(+6)'' || 54 ''(+7)'' || 47 ''(+14)'' || 46 ''(+15)'' || 39 ''(+22)'' || 38 ''(+23)'' || 31 ''(+30)'' || 30 ''(+31)'' || 23 ''(+38)'' || 20 ''(+41)'' || 16 ''(+45)'' || 1 ''(+60)''||No
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Racks 11 and 12 are first stage ammo racks, meaning they will deplete when shots are fired but will then replenish from the other racks in the order from 1-9. Rack 11 depletes before rack 12, which is the last rack to deplete.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,200 (200) || 577 || -10°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The OF-40 MK.2A can be a truly powerful vehicle when used in the right hands. For people who are going through the stock grind, it is recommended that you play a support role, until you get access to the APFSDS round. The OF-40 MK.2A is not very armoured, compared to other vehicles it will face, the main weak spots are the hull and the sides. So for people who have just picked it up, either play as a support, sniper or flank, as the stock HEAT round is not very good to deal frontally with most of the enemies. One thing the OF-40 MK.2A has that its German rival doesn't have, is superior turret Armour. This means that you can easily go hull down on certain maps and manage to bounce a few things coming your way. Once you have gone through and researched most of its modifications, such as the APFSDS round and the engine upgrade, you should be ready to play a more offensive role. A good point you could take advantage of is your speed, your engine will be decent enough that you'll easily be with or ahead of your team most of the time. Use your speed at the start of matches to get to positions that enemies might not expect you, which might guarantee you the first shot in most engagements. Your gun is also very good at long ranges so it is also not a bad idea to keep your distances, since you cannot count on your survivalbility at all times. Do the same for night battles. This also should apply for all game modes, be aware that in Arcade battles the enemies are able to see your weak spots when they aim at you, so keep that in mind if you decide to go hull-down as an experienced player might just go for a different module, such as your cannon barrel or breech, and finish you off slowly.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great gun handling - the vertical and horizontal speeds of the turret/gun are among the best compared to contemporaries
* Optics have good zoom ranges permitting easy long-range shots
* Commander's machine gun is an upgrade from the regular OF-40; the 7.62 mm FN MAG is replaced with a 12.7 M2 with a big ammo count of 1,080 rounds
* The turret has flat, spaced plate armour on either side and slightly angled spaced armour towards the gun mantlet - can protect against some autocannon rounds, deflects AP shot if angled, and makes the turret sides immune to incoming HESH rounds
* Very mobile, rivalling the Leopard A1A1 and in some cases outrunning it!

'''Cons:'''

* Rather large and bulky turret makes it stick out above ridgelines and hilltops (but can bounce shots, see above)
* Not a very big amount of ammo (19+1) can be carried in the ready racks; bringing any more shells puts these next to the driver in the lightly armoured hull

== History ==
[[File:OF-40 MK2 (Thetis).png|frame|427x427px|OF-40 MK2]]
'''Development'''

The OF-40 main battle tank (MBT) was delivered to the UAE after first being unveiled in 1980. After a number of issues were highlighted by the user, an improved version called the OF-40 Mk.2 was designed, beginning trials in August 1982. It was optimized for operations in the desert and had a number of other improvements.

'''Production and Service'''

All 18 OF-40 Mk.1 tanks in service with the UAE were upgraded to the Mk.2 standard, and 18 OF-40 Mk.2 tanks were delivered as well. As such, the UAE operated a total of 36 OF-40 Mk.2 tanks.

The UAE, despite the numerous improvements over the OF-40 Mk.1, were unsatisfied with the OF-40 Mk.2. They believed the mobility was too low and that the gun wasn't powerful enough. As such, it was replaced by the French Leclerc. Despite being removed from active duty units, 36 OF-40s were listed to be in storage or reserve as of 2014.

=== [[wt:en/news/5938-development-of-40-mk-2a-made-in-italy-en|Devblog]] ===
After the end of WW2, the Italian industry completely stopped development and production of domestically designed tanks. During the Cold War, the Italian industry would produce armoured fighting vehicles for its own needs, however most of these vehicles were foreign designs built under license.

In the late 1970s, Oto Melara and Fiat began developing the first Italian post-WW2 tank, under a join private venture. As Oto Melara was already mass-producing the German Leopard 1 MBT under license for the Italian Army, its engineers possessed sufficient experience and know-how in order to develop their own tank.

The resulting vehicle, designated OF-40, turned out to be, somewhat unsurprisingly, very similar in design to the German Leopard 1 already in service with the Italian Army. Nonetheless, the OF-40 became the first domestically developed and produced Italian tank after WW2.

Despite the many similarities however, the Italian military proved reluctant in ordering the OF-40 for mass production. As a result of being unable to find a domestic operator, Oto Melara turned to the export market and soon found a willing buyer - the United Arab Emirates.

Shortly after, the OF-40 was upgraded to the Mk.2 version which, among other things, improved the vehicle's optics and rangefinder, added a two-plane stabilization system for the main gun, and an improved fire control system, allowing the vehicle to fire improved ammunition.

The OF-40 was only built in limited numbers and for a limited time, with the UAE being the only operator world-wide. The UAE still uses the OF-40 today, although in different roles, with proposals being made to convert the vehicle into a heavy IFV.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_of_40_mk_2a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[OF-40 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5938-development-of-40-mk-2a-made-in-italy-en|[Devblog] OF-40 Mk.2A: Made in Italy]]

{{TankManufacturer OTO Melara}}
{{Italy medium tanks}}

File:OF-40 MK2 (Thetis).png

2023-10-27T15:55:46Z

U51386188:

One of the surviving OF-40 MK2's at the OTO Melara museum in La Spezia, Italy. This OF-40 MK2 is the THETIS variant which has additional armour and a thermal imaging.

ZSU-57-2 (Italy)

2023-10-26T18:54:30Z

U51386188: /* Description */

{{About
| about = SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = ZSU-57-2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_zsu_57_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Hungarian SPAA {{Battle-rating}} in the Italian research tree. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian subtree of the Italian tech tree. After the introduction of the ZSU-57-4 in the Soviet Army, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania each acquired ZSU-57-2s as well, being members of the Warsaw Pact. This Self propelled Anti-Air vehicle would be built on a heavily-modified T-54 chassis, the ZSU-57-2 features two powerful 57 mm anti air cannons. This armament is easily able to make short work of both air and ground targets alike. They're very fast-firing and have access to some different munition options. For being based on the old T-54 tank, it does have good mobility, however its main drawback is its very light armour. This means that if a player chooses to play agressively, you won't have many chances to get away from an engagement once spotted. Its just too big for a player to conceal, as such if a player would like to play agressively try stick with allies when possibile. The ZSU-57-2 has proven to be more of a menace to ground vehicles than aircraft with its high-velocity cannons, but low sustained rate of fire and poor accuracy. Overall, keep in mind of your weaknesses when playing this vehicle because you usually won't be forgiven like more armoured armoured fighting vehicles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 13.5 mm (61°) ''Front glacis'' 15 mm (53°) ''Lower glacis'' || 15 mm || 10 mm (17-49°) ''Top'' 6 mm (73°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm
|-
| Turret || 15 mm (14-57°) ''Turret front'' 15 mm (25-64°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 13.5 mm (9-61°) || 13.5 mm (4-59°) || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 13.5 mm thick.
* A 6 mm RHA plate separates the engine compartment from the crew.
* Hatches and air intake are 6 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=739|rbMinHp=460}}

The ZSU-57-2's mobility is rather good. It is faster than most medium tanks, while weighing 28 tons and having a 520 hp engine at 2,000 RPM. Manoeuvrability is good at all speeds, as its a relatively light tank with a powerful engine. It bleeds a lot of speed while turning, but the turning is fast and responsive and does not have neutral steering. The maximum speed is limited by the transmission to 51 km/h forwards and -8 km/h in reverse for RB, and 55/-9 km/h for AB.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|S-68 (57 mm)}}

Although this is an AA vehicle, its twin 57 mm cannons are still equally deadly against ground units. When stock, their accuracy isn't good so the shells fly all over the place as the distance increases, and the belt is made up of half AP, half HE, meaning it is not efficient when dealing with either planes or tanks. Therefore the best tactic for a fully stock ZSU-57-2 is to shoot the enemies' side up close or to target low-flying helicopters.

When the BR-281 belt (full APHE) is available, the player can go into full anti-tank mode as this shell packs quite a punch, and it can penetrate pretty much any tank's side armour (excluding the Maus, in which case take out its gun barrels) and some tanks' frontal armour. In a flank the ZSU-57-2 can finish off a group of opponents at an unbelievable speed. Two shells will slice through their side armour and explode, so theoretically one clip is enough to wipe out four tanks in a row (aiming at the crew compartment only, of course). A few seconds later, another clip will be loaded, ready to hunt more prey. Be aware that each clip only contains 8 rounds (4 for each of the two cannons), so do not waste your shots.

This shell also performs alright in the AA role, since its calibre is quite large for planes, and a direct hit usually critically damages the plane, if not killing it instantly. However, unlike its Chinese brother, WZ305, the ZSU-57-2 does not have access to any VT shells so it is always beneficial to lead with extra care and only open fire if the plane is close enough.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[S-68 (57 mm)|57 mm S-68]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 296 (4) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.8 || 73.1 || 88.8 || 98.2 || 104.5 || rowspan="2" | 2.60 || rowspan="2" | 2.30 || rowspan="2" | 2.12 || rowspan="2" | 2.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HE*|High-explosive fragmentation (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Half the rounds in this belt are useless against tanks or planes. However, against other SPAA this belt can reliably take out crew, armament, ammo and engine. Having one belt in reserve can help.
* '''BR-281SP:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - An anti-tank belt, it is comprised of APCBC shells that can penetrate most tanks from the side. However, the shells do not contain any explosive filler, so it is recommended to upgrade to the BR-281U belt when possible.
* '''OR-281U:''' {{Annotation|HE*|High-explosive fragmentation (self-destroying)}} - For use against planes. One or two hits usually gets the job done. Heavy armoured attackers and bombers may require more though.
* '''BR-281U:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Very similar to the preceding BR-281SP belt; however, the shells now have a small amount of explosive filler, making them slightly more efficient against ground vehicles.

{{:S-68 (57 mm)/Ammunition|BR-281SP, OR-281U, BR-281U}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''74''' || 74 ''(+0)'' || 70 ''(+4)'' || 38 ''(+36)'' || 32 ''(+42)'' || 28 ''(+46)'' || 24 ''(+50)'' || 18 ''(+56)'' || N/A || Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Visual discrepancy: the 8th ammo rack never empties, even with all ammunition spent.

== Usage in battles ==

Versatile in the anti-aircraft and anti-tank role this heavily modified [[T-54 (1947)|T-54]] chassis delivers two heavy 57 mm punches. The ZSU-57-2 can be used for two roles.

;Anti-air role

Even though the ZSU-57-2 was designed as an SPAA, it is not very good at destroying planes compared to other SPAA vehicles at similar battle ratings, which often have a significantly higher rate of fire or even radar. However, this is compensated for by its comparatively massive firepower compared to similar SPAA platforms. The large 57 mm cannons will often disable, or more likely destroy a plane with its first hit. It is also extremely effective in an anti-helicopter role, as helicopters are much slower than planes.

;Tank Destroyer

Using the 57 mm cannons in an anti-tank role is possible and have been exploited by many players. Using BR-281 ammo, the guns can effectively pierce the sides and rear of any tank (excluding the Maus). Remember the ZSU-57-2's armour does not compare to other tanks armour so one shot could be the end of the SPAA. Play cat-and-mouse and wait for the enemy to go into an engagement with another target and then jump out into the open and fire upon them while they are distracted. It is recommended to the first aim for their rear to disable their engine and cause a fire, they will have to stop what they are doing and put it out. During this time they won't be able to move or fire upon the ZSU-57-2, allowing a chance to finish off the crewmen inside by unloading the 57 mm cannons into the side of the enemy tank. Any shot from the 57 mm cannons into an enemies' ammo load will also instantly kill them. Almost all British tanks have very weak side armour, and your BR-281 ammo will easily rip through even at an angle. Aim for the front portion of their tank, where their driver is. Their ammo rack is located right next to the driver, meaning that you can easily ammo rack them.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multi-role weaponry able to fight both planes and tanks
* Excellent turret rotation speed
* 57 mm guns will destroy or cripple aircraft with one hit, and can easily take out tanks from the sides too
* Very high penetration for an SPAA at 151 mm
* Very effective against lightly armoured vehicles like the [[Leopard 1]] or [[AMX-30]]

'''Cons:'''

* Large vehicle size
* Very vulnerable turret (ammo on all sides of turret + very thin armour)
* Crew is very crowded in the turret (1 shot has the potential to knock out 5 crew members with ease)
* Shells have bad accuracy after consecutive shots
* Sub-par anti-air capability due to low rate of fire and poor accuracy

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[ZSU-57-2 (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy anti-aircraft vehicles}}

AV-8B Plus (Italy)

2023-10-06T10:26:11Z

U51386188: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=av_8b_plus_italy
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | _____ || _
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| ___ kg || colspan="2" | ___
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 180 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="5%" | 1 !! width="5%" | 2 !! width="5%" | 3 !! width="5%" | 4 !! width="5%" | 5 !! width="5%" | 6 !! width="5%" | 7 !! width="5%" | 8
| rowspan="17" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[GAU-12/U (25 mm)|25 mm GAU-12/U]] cannons (300 rpg)
| || || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|250 lb LDGP Mk 81]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 81 Snakeye (250 lb)|250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 2 || || || 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 2* || 3* || || || 3* || 2* ||
|-
! [[GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 1* || 1* || || || 1* || 1* ||
|-
! [[Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary]] bombs
| 1 || 2 || 2 || || || 2 || 2 || 1
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| || 38 || 57 || || || 57 || 38 ||
|-
! [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP]] rockets
| || 8 || 12 || || || 12 || 8 ||
|-
! [[AGM-65D]] missiles
| || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9M Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1
|-
! LITENING II targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || || ||
|-
| colspan="9" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 4,200 kg Maximum permissible wing load: 1,900 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,400 kg
|-
| colspan="10" | * The LITENING II pod must be equipped when carrying guided bombs
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 1 x 25 mm GAU-12/U cannon (300 rpg)
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 190 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 40 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 16 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 16 x 250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 16 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 16 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 10 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (2,770 kg total)
* 4 x 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs (4,368 lb total)
* 4 x AGM-65D missiles
* 10 x Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Great payload options, access to a very diverse range of ground attack ordnance which include laser-guided bombs and missiles
* Has access to VTOL, can be used to capture enemy points or even hide the aircraft when engaging enemies
* Can sustain long dogfights with its decent energy retention
* Has built-in target tracker and FLIR even without targeting pod
* Has Pilot NVD

*

'''Cons:'''

* Relatively slow top speed compared to other modern aircraft
* Need to be in a light configuration if you want to survive dogfights
* Not very armoured, can't handle being damaged unlike other aircraft

*

== History ==

The Italian's Harrier story begins on the first of Feburary 1989. Due to post war laws Italy had a very strict guideline they'd have to follow when it came down to its own military forces, these laws would however change shortly after Italy would join NATO. Of these many laws one would prohibit the Italian Navy to posses heavily armed aircraft. As such, a new law would be passed known as the <nowiki>''</nowiki>La Legge N.36 del 1 febbraio del 1989 <nowiki>''</nowiki> or <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ali alla Marina<nowiki>''</nowiki> (wings to the Navy) which allowed the Italian Navy to equip itself with armed jets to not only bolster its forces, but mainly to garantee the security of the Italian Navy and one of its flagships known as the Garibaldi. The Italian Navy was only looking for VTOL/STOL aircraft, so in turn it went for the Harrier, as it fit the role perfectly. Italy was always interested in the harrier and had even designed a few VTOL/STOL designs of its own, one of the Harrier prototypes was also tested in Italy which likely further pushed the Italian Navy's interest in the platform. This aircraft has been seen being used in multiple countries. Users of the Harrier II include Spain, America and the UK under several different variants. BAE systems had aquired the right to further develop and build the AV-8A that the Americans were already using, so in turn Bae systems had improved it so much such as giving it a better engine. Along other upgrades and changes BAE systems had pratically made a new machine which now went under the name of the AV-8B, and also went by the name of <nowiki>''</nowiki>Harrier II<nowiki>''</nowiki>. It had acess to the latest logistical equipment, and was able to partake in day/night operations.

Due to this, it was the perfect vehicle for the Italian Navy. In september of 1990, Italy decided to join in the <nowiki>''</nowiki>Plus<nowiki>''</nowiki> program, which aimed to Radarize the Harriers, in which Spain and the US also joined in. Italy had bought 18 of the AV-8B, and 2 of the TAV-8B Harrier II's for training. The Italian government also struck a deal with the United States which allowed Italian Navy pilots to directly train with the Harrier and familiarize themselves with the platform inside the US even before they were delivered to Italy. In feb of 1994, the first Harrier was delivered to the Italian Navy, and by November of that same year, 3 Harriers would call the Garibaldi their new home. Part of the aquisition also allowed Italy to modify their own Harriers, (Which Alenia would be in charge of). The weapon of choice for the Italian Harriers in terms of Air-to-Air combat would be the Hughes AIM-120B AMRAAM and the AIM-9L, which at the time were very modern missiles. Italy would also use upgraded variants of those 2 missiles as the years went on by. Besides air combat, Italian Navy Harriers were surpisingly well armed in their air-to-ground configuration, not even the Italian airforce AMX was as heavily armed as the Harrier was during its service. In terms of armament its main cannon comprised of a GAU-12A 25mm, something which was already in use with other aircraft of the era. Stand-off capability also included a wide range of laser guided bombs such as the Paveway series, for anti-tank they had access to the AGM-65 Maverick is 2 different variants. Other optional equipment included unguided rockets and bombs, flare and chaff counter measures, RWR and ECM. In terms of service, the Italian Harriers participated in operation <nowiki>''</nowiki>United Shield ' inside of Somalia, which performed multiple recon missions for the American Marines and the Italian <nowiki>''</nowiki>San Marco<nowiki>''</nowiki> regiment. It participated in <nowiki>''</nowiki>Operazione alba neo<nowiki>''</nowiki> inside of Albania, and had to scramble and intercept multiple jets daily, it participated in Enduring freedom where it racked more than 800 flight hours in combat missions. It also took part in Allied Force in Kosovo, Operazione Leonte in Lebanon where it was mainly used for monotoring airspace. One of the times it was used as a ground strike aircraft would be inside of Libya during operation Unified Protector, and managed to rack up to 1040 flight hours. Overall Italian Harriers proved to be a more than useful platform for the Italian Navy, they are soon to be phased out as the Italian Navy begins to put into service their new F-35's.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[Harrier GR.1]]
* [[Harrier GR.3]]
* [[AV-8A]]
* [[AV-8C]]

* [[Harrier GR.7]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* https://www.seaforces.org/marint/Italian-Navy/Aviation/AV-8B-Harrier.htm
* https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/mezzi/forze-aeree/Pagine/av8b.aspx

{{AirManufacturer McDonnell}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

AV-8B Plus (Italy)

2023-10-06T10:15:37Z

U51386188: /* See also, External Links */

{{Specs-Card
|code=av_8b_plus_italy
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | _____ || _
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| ___ kg || colspan="2" | ___
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 180 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="5%" | 1 !! width="5%" | 2 !! width="5%" | 3 !! width="5%" | 4 !! width="5%" | 5 !! width="5%" | 6 !! width="5%" | 7 !! width="5%" | 8
| rowspan="17" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[GAU-12/U (25 mm)|25 mm GAU-12/U]] cannons (300 rpg)
| || || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|250 lb LDGP Mk 81]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 81 Snakeye (250 lb)|250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 2 || || || 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 2* || 3* || || || 3* || 2* ||
|-
! [[GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 1* || 1* || || || 1* || 1* ||
|-
! [[Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary]] bombs
| 1 || 2 || 2 || || || 2 || 2 || 1
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| || 38 || 57 || || || 57 || 38 ||
|-
! [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP]] rockets
| || 8 || 12 || || || 12 || 8 ||
|-
! [[AGM-65D]] missiles
| || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9M Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1
|-
! LITENING II targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || || ||
|-
| colspan="9" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 4,200 kg Maximum permissible wing load: 1,900 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,400 kg
|-
| colspan="10" | * The LITENING II pod must be equipped when carrying guided bombs
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 1 x 25 mm GAU-12/U cannon (300 rpg)
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 190 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 40 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 16 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 16 x 250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 16 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 16 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 10 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (2,770 kg total)
* 4 x 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs (4,368 lb total)
* 4 x AGM-65D missiles
* 10 x Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The Italian's Harrier story begins on the first of Feburary 1989. Due to post war laws Italy had a very strict guideline they'd have to follow when it came down to its own military forces, these laws would however change shortly after Italy would join NATO. Of these many laws one would prohibit the Italian Navy to posses heavily armed aircraft. As such, a new law would be passed known as the <nowiki>''</nowiki>La Legge N.36 del 1 febbraio del 1989 <nowiki>''</nowiki> or <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ali alla Marina<nowiki>''</nowiki> (wings to the Navy) which allowed the Italian Navy to equip itself with armed jets to not only bolster its forces, but mainly to garantee the security of the Italian Navy and one of its flagships known as the Garibaldi. The Italian Navy was only looking for VTOL/STOL aircraft, so in turn it went for the Harrier, as it fit the role perfectly. Italy was always interested in the harrier and had even designed a few VTOL/STOL designs of its own, one of the Harrier prototypes was also tested in Italy which likely further pushed the Italian Navy's interest in the platform. This aircraft has been seen being used in multiple countries. Users of the Harrier II include Spain, America and the UK under several different variants. BAE systems had aquired the right to further develop and build the AV-8A that the Americans were already using, so in turn Bae systems had improved it so much such as giving it a better engine. Along other upgrades and changes BAE systems had pratically made a new machine which now went under the name of the AV-8B, and also went by the name of <nowiki>''</nowiki>Harrier II<nowiki>''</nowiki>. It had acess to the latest logistical equipment, and was able to partake in day/night operations.

Due to this, it was the perfect vehicle for the Italian Navy. In september of 1990, Italy decided to join in the <nowiki>''</nowiki>Plus<nowiki>''</nowiki> program, which aimed to Radarize the Harriers, in which Spain and the US also joined in. Italy had bought 18 of the AV-8B, and 2 of the TAV-8B Harrier II's for training. The Italian government also struck a deal with the United States which allowed Italian Navy pilots to directly train with the Harrier and familiarize themselves with the platform inside the US even before they were delivered to Italy. In feb of 1994, the first Harrier was delivered to the Italian Navy, and by November of that same year, 3 Harriers would call the Garibaldi their new home. Part of the aquisition also allowed Italy to modify their own Harriers, (Which Alenia would be in charge of). The weapon of choice for the Italian Harriers in terms of Air-to-Air combat would be the Hughes AIM-120B AMRAAM and the AIM-9L, which at the time were very modern missiles. Italy would also use upgraded variants of those 2 missiles as the years went on by. Besides air combat, Italian Navy Harriers were surpisingly well armed in their air-to-ground configuration, not even the Italian airforce AMX was as heavily armed as the Harrier was during its service. In terms of armament its main cannon comprised of a GAU-12A 25mm, something which was already in use with other aircraft of the era. Stand-off capability also included a wide range of laser guided bombs such as the Paveway series, for anti-tank they had access to the AGM-65 Maverick is 2 different variants. Other optional equipment included unguided rockets and bombs, flare and chaff counter measures, RWR and ECM. In terms of service, the Italian Harriers participated in operation <nowiki>''</nowiki>United Shield ' inside of Somalia, which performed multiple recon missions for the American Marines and the Italian <nowiki>''</nowiki>San Marco<nowiki>''</nowiki> regiment. It participated in <nowiki>''</nowiki>Operazione alba neo<nowiki>''</nowiki> inside of Albania, and had to scramble and intercept multiple jets daily, it participated in Enduring freedom where it racked more than 800 flight hours in combat missions. It also took part in Allied Force in Kosovo, Operazione Leonte in Lebanon where it was mainly used for monotoring airspace. One of the times it was used as a ground strike aircraft would be inside of Libya during operation Unified Protector, and managed to rack up to 1040 flight hours. Overall Italian Harriers proved to be a more than useful platform for the Italian Navy, they are soon to be phased out as the Italian Navy begins to put into service their new F-35's.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

* [[Harrier GR.1]]
* [[Harrier GR.3]]
* [[AV-8A]]
* [[AV-8C]]

* [[Harrier GR.7]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* https://www.seaforces.org/marint/Italian-Navy/Aviation/AV-8B-Harrier.htm
* https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/mezzi/forze-aeree/Pagine/av8b.aspx

{{AirManufacturer McDonnell}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

AV-8B Plus (Italy)

2023-10-06T10:11:38Z

U51386188: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=av_8b_plus_italy
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | _____ || _
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| ___ kg || colspan="2" | ___
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 180 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="5%" | 1 !! width="5%" | 2 !! width="5%" | 3 !! width="5%" | 4 !! width="5%" | 5 !! width="5%" | 6 !! width="5%" | 7 !! width="5%" | 8
| rowspan="17" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[GAU-12/U (25 mm)|25 mm GAU-12/U]] cannons (300 rpg)
| || || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|250 lb LDGP Mk 81]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 81 Snakeye (250 lb)|250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 2 || || || 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 2* || 3* || || || 3* || 2* ||
|-
! [[GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 1* || 1* || || || 1* || 1* ||
|-
! [[Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary]] bombs
| 1 || 2 || 2 || || || 2 || 2 || 1
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| || 38 || 57 || || || 57 || 38 ||
|-
! [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP]] rockets
| || 8 || 12 || || || 12 || 8 ||
|-
! [[AGM-65D]] missiles
| || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9M Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1
|-
! LITENING II targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || || ||
|-
| colspan="9" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 4,200 kg Maximum permissible wing load: 1,900 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,400 kg
|-
| colspan="10" | * The LITENING II pod must be equipped when carrying guided bombs
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 1 x 25 mm GAU-12/U cannon (300 rpg)
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 190 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 40 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 16 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 16 x 250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 16 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 16 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 10 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (2,770 kg total)
* 4 x 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs (4,368 lb total)
* 4 x AGM-65D missiles
* 10 x Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

The Italian's Harrier story begins on the first of Feburary 1989. Due to post war laws Italy had a very strict guideline they'd have to follow when it came down to its own military forces, these laws would however change shortly after Italy would join NATO. Of these many laws one would prohibit the Italian Navy to posses heavily armed aircraft. As such, a new law would be passed known as the <nowiki>''</nowiki>La Legge N.36 del 1 febbraio del 1989 <nowiki>''</nowiki> or <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ali alla Marina<nowiki>''</nowiki> (wings to the Navy) which allowed the Italian Navy to equip itself with armed jets to not only bolster its forces, but mainly to garantee the security of the Italian Navy and one of its flagships known as the Garibaldi. The Italian Navy was only looking for VTOL/STOL aircraft, so in turn it went for the Harrier, as it fit the role perfectly. Italy was always interested in the harrier and had even designed a few VTOL/STOL designs of its own, one of the Harrier prototypes was also tested in Italy which likely further pushed the Italian Navy's interest in the platform. This aircraft has been seen being used in multiple countries. Users of the Harrier II include Spain, America and the UK under several different variants. BAE systems had aquired the right to further develop and build the AV-8A that the Americans were already using, so in turn Bae systems had improved it so much such as giving it a better engine. Along other upgrades and changes BAE systems had pratically made a new machine which now went under the name of the AV-8B, and also went by the name of <nowiki>''</nowiki>Harrier II<nowiki>''</nowiki>. It had acess to the latest logistical equipment, and was able to partake in day/night operations.

Due to this, it was the perfect vehicle for the Italian Navy. In september of 1990, Italy decided to join in the <nowiki>''</nowiki>Plus<nowiki>''</nowiki> program, which aimed to Radarize the Harriers, in which Spain and the US also joined in. Italy had bought 18 of the AV-8B, and 2 of the TAV-8B Harrier II's for training. The Italian government also struck a deal with the United States which allowed Italian Navy pilots to directly train with the Harrier and familiarize themselves with the platform inside the US even before they were delivered to Italy. In feb of 1994, the first Harrier was delivered to the Italian Navy, and by November of that same year, 3 Harriers would call the Garibaldi their new home. Part of the aquisition also allowed Italy to modify their own Harriers, (Which Alenia would be in charge of). The weapon of choice for the Italian Harriers in terms of Air-to-Air combat would be the Hughes AIM-120B AMRAAM and the AIM-9L, which at the time were very modern missiles. Italy would also use upgraded variants of those 2 missiles as the years went on by. Besides air combat, Italian Navy Harriers were surpisingly well armed in their air-to-ground configuration, not even the Italian airforce AMX was as heavily armed as the Harrier was during its service. In terms of armament its main cannon comprised of a GAU-12A 25mm, something which was already in use with other aircraft of the era. Stand-off capability also included a wide range of laser guided bombs such as the Paveway series, for anti-tank they had access to the AGM-65 Maverick is 2 different variants. Other optional equipment included unguided rockets and bombs, flare and chaff counter measures, RWR and ECM. In terms of service, the Italian Harriers participated in operation <nowiki>''</nowiki>United Shield ' inside of Somalia, which performed multiple recon missions for the American Marines and the Italian <nowiki>''</nowiki>San Marco<nowiki>''</nowiki> regiment. It participated in <nowiki>''</nowiki>Operazione alba neo<nowiki>''</nowiki> inside of Albania, and had to scramble and intercept multiple jets daily, it participated in Enduring freedom where it racked more than 800 flight hours in combat missions. It also took part in Allied Force in Kosovo, Operazione Leonte in Lebanon where it was mainly used for monotoring airspace. One of the times it was used as a ground strike aircraft would be inside of Libya during operation Unified Protector, and managed to rack up to 1040 flight hours. Overall Italian Harriers proved to be a more than useful platform for the Italian Navy, they are soon to be phased out as the Italian Navy begins to put into service their new F-35's.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer McDonnell}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

KF41

2023-10-04T19:33:50Z

U51386188: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_kf_41
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Hungarian light tank {{Battle-rating}} in the Italian research tree. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian branch of the Italian tech tree.

The KF41 is a modern IFV design from the German Rheinmetall company, exported to the Hungarian Army. It easily invites comparisons to the [[PUMA]] adopted by the Bundeswehr: both are large, heavily armoured vehicles with powerful engines and good transmissions that result in high mobility. They even feature the same 30 mm autocannon with APFSDS and AHEAD rounds. The main feature differences for this variant of the Lynx are a twin launcher for Spike fire-and-forget missiles and a unique AMAP-ADS hard-kill active protection system with scattered modules around the perimeter of the vehicle. However it lacks the PUMA's soft-kill APS, unmanned turret, and ERA/NERA, making it more vulnerable to attacks that the active protection system can't stop. Overall, the KF41 is a versatile, feature-packed IFV that can juggle multiple roles on the battlefield: standoff ATGM strikes and anti-helicopter duties on top of the basic flanking rushes.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)|30 mm MK 30-2/ABM]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 348 (116) || rowspan="2" | 200 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+45° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)/Ammunition|APDS, HEI-T, Ahead, APFSDS}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''3''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Spike-LR2MR}}

''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Spike-LR2MR]] missile
|-
! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
|-
| 2 (2) || - || - || -
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Spike-LR2MR/Ammunition|Spike-LR2}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''1''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Access to fire and forget missiles
* Powerful main armament
* Equipped with hard-kill APS, able to stop enemy munitions, including ATGM's
* Mobile for being a tracked platform
* Great elevation angles, can easily fend off against enemy aircraft if they're near

*

'''Cons:'''

* Very big profile
* Weak armour
* APS is too situational, does not work all the time
* Fire and forget missiles are very limited, cannot reload them unless at a friendly cap point
* Cannon although powerful, has a low firerate.

*

== History ==

Rheinmetall initiated the development of the KF series of combat vehicles to fill a noticeable gap in the market for tracked vehicles. The company aimed to create a design versatile enough to outperform direct competitors while still being able to efficiently carry out peacetime operations.

The vehicle was first unveiled in its lighter KF31 configuration in June 2016 at the Eurosatory exhibition. This debut was soon followed by the heavier KF41 variant, unveiled at the same event in 2018. By 2020, Rheinmetall had entered negotiations with several potential operators, including Australia, the Czech Republic, and the United States. Hungary became the KF41's first official operator in September of that year, placing an order for 218 vehicles.

From [[wt:en/news/8458-development-kf41-the-majestic-lynx-en|Devblog]]

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

* 
* [[PUMA]]
* [[Freccia]]
* [[VCC-80/30]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]
[[Category:Ground vehicles with active protection system]]

KF41

2023-10-04T19:32:37Z

U51386188: /* Pros and cons, See Also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_kf_41
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Hungarian light tank {{Battle-rating}} in the Italian research tree. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian branch of the Italian tech tree.

The KF41 is a modern IFV design from the German Rheinmetall company, exported to the Hungarian Army. It easily invites comparisons to the [[PUMA]] adopted by the Bundeswehr: both are large, heavily armoured vehicles with powerful engines and good transmissions that result in high mobility. They even feature the same 30 mm autocannon with APFSDS and AHEAD rounds. The main feature differences for this variant of the Lynx are a twin launcher for Spike fire-and-forget missiles and a unique AMAP-ADS hard-kill active protection system with scattered modules around the perimeter of the vehicle. However it lacks the PUMA's soft-kill APS, unmanned turret, and ERA/NERA, making it more vulnerable to attacks that the active protection system can't stop. Overall, the KF41 is a versatile, feature-packed IFV that can juggle multiple roles on the battlefield: standoff ATGM strikes and anti-helicopter duties on top of the basic flanking rushes.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)|30 mm MK 30-2/ABM]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 348 (116) || rowspan="2" | 200 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+45° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)/Ammunition|APDS, HEI-T, Ahead, APFSDS}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''3''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Spike-LR2MR}}

''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Spike-LR2MR]] missile
|-
! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
|-
| 2 (2) || - || - || -
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Spike-LR2MR/Ammunition|Spike-LR2}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''1''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M240 (7.62 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M240 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M240]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Access to fire and forget missiles
* Powerful main armament
* Equipped with hard-kill APS, able to stop enemy munitions, including ATGM's
* Mobile for being a tracked platform
* Great elevation angles, can easily fend off against enemy aircraft if they're near

*

'''Cons:'''

* Very big profile
* Weak armour
* APS is too situational, does not work all the time
* Fire and forget missiles are very limited, cannot reload them unless at a friendly cap point
* Cannon although powerful, has a low firerate.

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

* 
* [[PUMA]]
* [[Freccia]]
* [[VCC-80/30]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]
[[Category:Ground vehicles with active protection system]]

2S1

2023-10-04T19:26:19Z

U51386188: /* See also, Pros n cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_2s1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A31 (122 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A31 (122 mm)|122 mm 2A31]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+70° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:2A31 (122 mm)/Ammunition|122mm 3OF24, 3BK-10, 122mm 3OF7, 122mm 3OF56}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Fairly mobile
* Main armament able to deal with soft and medium targets
* Great elevation angles

*

'''Cons:'''

* Long profile
* Very weak armour
* Crew placement not ideal
* Extremely slow turret traverse

*

== History ==

The development of a new self-propelled gun for the Soviet army was based on the well-proven D-30 howitzer and the chassis of the MT-LB multipurpose amphibious towing vehicle. The D-30 towed howitzer was modified to be placed in the SPG turret, the MT-LB chassis was lengthened by adding a wheel pair to improve the driving performance and increase the room of the fighting compartment. After a year of testing, the vehicle was put into service in September 1970 under the designation 2S1 Gvozdika. Serial production of the SPG continued until 1991. The vehicle was produced in the USSR, as well as in Bulgaria and Poland under license. The 2S1 is still in service with the armies of many countries of the world.

- ''From [[wt:en/news/8408-development-2s1-the-blast-blossom-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[2S1 (Italy)]]
* [[2S3M]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR tank destroyers}}

2S1 (Italy)

2023-10-04T19:25:59Z

U51386188: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_2s1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Hungarian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}} in the Italian research tree. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian branch of the Italian tech tree.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A31 (122 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A31 (122 mm)|122 mm 2A31]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+70° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:2A31 (122 mm)/Ammunition|122mm 3OF24, 3BK-10, 122mm 3OF7, 122mm 3OF56}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Fairly mobile
* Main armament able to deal with soft and medium targets
* Great elevation angles

*

'''Cons:'''

* Long profile
* Very weak armour
* Crew placement not ideal
* Extremely slow turret traverse

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[2S1]]
* [[2S3M]]
* [[Type 75 SPH]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy tank destroyers}}

BTR-80A (Italy)

2023-10-04T19:16:21Z

U51386188: /* Mobility, ProsCons, Machine-guns*/

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_btr_80a_hungary
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Hungarian light tank {{Battle-rating}} in the Italian research tree. It was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as part of the Hungarian branch of the Italian tech tree.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

While quite large and somewhat heavier than most other light IFVs such as the Wiesel, the BTR-80A boasts a very high top speed of 87 km/h which can be reached quite quickly on roads and trails. The downside of the 8 wheel design is its poor off-road mobility, however it is still quite nimble even on rough ground. It is very common to see BTR-80s rushing caps due to their high speed; they can capture points quite safely and then reposition to either scout or ambush enemy light/medium armour.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A72 (30 mm)}}

''Main article: '''[[2A72 (30 mm)]]'''''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[2A72 (30 mm)|30 mm 2A72]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 300 (150) || rowspan="2" | 330 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+70° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm HEI:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''30 mm APT:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm APDS:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-T*|High-explosive fragmentation tracer (self-destroying)}}

{{:2A72 (30 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-I*, AP-T, HEF-T*, APDS}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''2''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
!Mount!!Capacity (Belt)!!Fire rate!!Vertical!!Horizontal
|-
|Coaxial||2,000 (250)||700||-||-
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

Pros:

* Effective 2A72 30 mm autocannon, the same one used on the BMP-3 and BMD-4

* APDS is great for fighting against light vehicles and MBTs' sides

* Fairly mobile and thus very good at flanking
* Amphibious

Cons:

* Huge profile
* Poor survivability due to thin armour, minimal crew number and large size
* -5° gun depression and slow gun handling
* Has no stabiliser
* Relatively low power-to-weight ratio

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[BTR-80A]]
* [[R3 T20 FA-HS]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Tornado ADV

2023-09-05T16:24:22Z

U51386188: /* Suspended armament */

{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tornado (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tornado_adv
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The Italian Panavia Tornado ADV (introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].) was born out of a joint effort by Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom during the late cold war in the 1970s. The Tornado would be designed as a twin-engined, variable-swept wing aircraft with a two-person crew an internal gun and provisions for a wide array of armament which included guided/unguided bombs, mine launchers, rockets, air to air missiles and air to ground missiles. The ADV variant was made to be better suited for air-to-air engagements, it had access to better avionics and better anti-air missiles. Italy would gain access to this aircraft due to the need to replace the F104's as their frontline air-defence fighter jet. In game the Tornado ADV has access to AIM-9L Sidewinders, Skyflash SuperTEMPs and a 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon. It's best not to be overly agressive with the Tornado ADV, use your advantages to the best of your ability. The ADV can easily outrange most enemies it faces, however at closer ranges the aircraft cannot dogfight as well as others. You will come to find out the ADV loses energy quickly and cannot sustain long-duration dogfights. The aircraft is not really suited for Ground RB, so try stick to using this in SIM or Air RB. Overall, just play defensively, you want to keep the upper hand in engagments, a skilled player can take on pretty much any aircraft it will face, especially in downtiers.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 11,582 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,280 || 2,257 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.4 || 28.6 || 167.3 || 163.4 || rowspan="2" | 800
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,340 || 2,308 || 27.6 || 28.0 || 216.7 || 191.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="60%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Limits
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
! Min sweep
| 972 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,166 || 552 || 440 || ~8 || ~3
|-
! Max sweep
| 1,555 || - || - || - || ~9 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 670 || < 650 || < 700 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full internal fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.104 || 2
| colspan="3" | 14,659 kg || colspan="3" | 742 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with internal fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel
|-
| 968 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 16,186 kg || 16,463 kg || 17,365 kg || 18,718 kg || 19,749 kg || 23,512 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,756 kgf || 7,309 kgf
| 0.90 || 0.89 || 0.84 || 0.78 || 0.74 || 0.62
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,169 kgf (1,400 km/h) || 8,173 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.01 || 0.99 || 0.94 || 0.87 || 0.83 || 0.70
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Mauser BK27 (27 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon, cheek-mounted (180 rpg)
** 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon + 32 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''The '''Tornado ADV''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance''

[[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles

[[Skyflash]] missiles

[[Skyflash SuperTEMP]] missiles

Countermeasures

330 gal drop tanks

== Usage in battles ==

The Tornado ADV is outclassed by higher tier aircraft, and is heavily dependent on its weaponry and avionics to be competitive. During the early grind, AIM-9Ls and the radar assisted gun are the only options, meaning that you have to stay at ground level (about 20-30 m above ground) to avoid being instantly obliterated by SARH missiles. Try to stick to the flat ground, and if that is impossible, try to "dive" into the openings instead of going over them, as you will momentarily lose ground echo protection. This makes early Tornado ADV gameplay that of a "first encounter" plane - simply be there first and cause as much chaos as you can before enemy gets you, so your team can finish them off, or flank enemy team from the side and hope they did not notice you approaching. The gun scope does not care about "ground echo" that completely destroys radar missiles, so you can easily snipe your opponents in a head-on. Even if all you do is cause some fires, this will spell doom for the enemy plane, as they can be easily cleaned up by teammates. A lot of planes that stick to the ground carry AIM-9Ls or R-60 variants, so turn afterburner off before actually engaging enemy planes and fire some flares while you go at them, especially at 900 m range and when pulling over hills.

The Tornado ADV can outrange most jets at lower BR's, even with a mediocre acceleration you will not struggle, especially if you decide to stick lower to the ground. Avoid pulling negative Gs in the Tornado ADV, the negative G performance of the Tornado is poor and making tight turns at top speeds will mean that the wings of the jet will instantly rip, leaving you to become easy prey to most of the other enemies fighter jets. Unlike the IDS the Tornado ADV lacks any air-to-ground armament options, so bringing this jet in ground RB matches might not be the best unless you really want to for enemy aircraft. Keep in mind that if you end up being chased after you try to engage an enemy aircraft, just fly away and dont try and dogfight them. The Tornado ADV will lose a lot of energy quickly, so just fly and get a teammate to cover your back while you retreat back to the airfield or closer to allied AA platforms.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Great air-to-air armament options which includes AIM-9L and SuperTemp
* Advanced radar
* Access to countermeasures
* 27mm cannon which can be used both got air and ground targets
* Decent climb rate

*

'''Cons:'''

* Cannot turn well when flying at high speeds
* No proper air-to-ground armament options
* Wings and other important modules are prone to shatter at high speeds

*

== History ==

The Panavia Tornado was born out of a joint effort by Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom during the late cold war in the 1970s. The Tornado would be designed as a twin-engined, variable-swept wing aircraft with a two-person crew an internal gun and provisions for a wide array of armament which included guided/unguided bombs, mine launchers, rockets, air to air missiles and air to ground missiles. The aircraft was also armed with 2 German made 27 mm Mauser BK-27 revolver cannon which was able to make short work of pretty much any aircraft it had in its sights, with the right munition it was also capable of taking out lightly armoured vehicles such as the BMP-1. The Panavia Tornado was primarily made to undertake missions which included tactical strike, reconnaissance, air defence and maritime patrol. What they aimed when making the design was an aircraft which could be very multi-role, it would allow the Panavia Tornado to replace several different types of aircraft which were at the time in service with the respected countries. The main variants which were designed included the IDS which was mainly a strike-fighter, the ADV which was the Air Defence Variant and lastly the ECR, which was mainly created to carry out recon and SEAD missions. In terms speed the Tornado could go up to 2,400 km per hour, its engine being known as the Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.103. After several proposals and design changes, the first prototype of the Panavia Tornado would fly on the 14th of August, 1974. The prototype would further solidify the partnership as when it was being demonstrated, a lot of positive comments would be made. Thus development would continue smoothly with the first aircraft being officially delivered to the RAF (Royal Air Force) and the German Air Force on 5 and 6 June 1979 respectively.

In terms of the Italian ADV, during the late stages of the cold war Italy realised they needed more in the air defence department, the F104s although good as interceptors were not very suitable for dogfighting. Italy looked towards Britain for help. Thus on the 17th of November 1993, Italy would sign an agreement with the RAF to lease up 24 Tornado ADVs directly from the RAF stocks for a period of ten years. The first Italian pilots would be trained on the Tornado ADV platform at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire, England starting in 1995. The Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana) would then receive its first Tornado ADV aircraft in the mid 1990s. These aircraft were assigned to specialized interceptor squadrons to protect Italian airspace and provide air defense for critical assets and regions. The Tornado ADV variant was specifically developed to serve as an interceptor to replace the aging fleets of existing fighter aircraft, The ADV variant featured longer-range radar, more powerful engines, and enhanced avionics to excel in the air defense role. Italy would not lease these aircraft again, due to issues which were found during its service. These issues included the lack of spare parts and lack of surplus engines. Italy would return most of the aircraft back to Britain, some of them remained in Italy and exposed in museums, such as the famous Vigna di Valle. Ultimately Italy would lease F-16 ADFs up until the Eurofighters were ready to take over.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tornado_adv Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;[[Tornado (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Tornado F.3]]

* [[Tornado IDS ASSTA1 (Germany)]]
* [[Tornado GR.1]]
* [[Tornado IDS (Germany)]] [[Tornado (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

** ''https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/485805-panavia-tornado/''
** ''https://www.aircraftrecognitionguide.com/panavia-tornado''

{{AirManufacturer Panavia}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

Tornado ADV

2023-09-05T16:22:21Z

U51386188: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tornado (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tornado_adv
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The Italian Panavia Tornado ADV (introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].) was born out of a joint effort by Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom during the late cold war in the 1970s. The Tornado would be designed as a twin-engined, variable-swept wing aircraft with a two-person crew an internal gun and provisions for a wide array of armament which included guided/unguided bombs, mine launchers, rockets, air to air missiles and air to ground missiles. The ADV variant was made to be better suited for air-to-air engagements, it had access to better avionics and better anti-air missiles. Italy would gain access to this aircraft due to the need to replace the F104's as their frontline air-defence fighter jet. In game the Tornado ADV has access to AIM-9L Sidewinders, Skyflash SuperTEMPs and a 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon. It's best not to be overly agressive with the Tornado ADV, use your advantages to the best of your ability. The ADV can easily outrange most enemies it faces, however at closer ranges the aircraft cannot dogfight as well as others. You will come to find out the ADV loses energy quickly and cannot sustain long-duration dogfights. The aircraft is not really suited for Ground RB, so try stick to using this in SIM or Air RB. Overall, just play defensively, you want to keep the upper hand in engagments, a skilled player can take on pretty much any aircraft it will face, especially in downtiers.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 11,582 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,280 || 2,257 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.4 || 28.6 || 167.3 || 163.4 || rowspan="2" | 800
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,340 || 2,308 || 27.6 || 28.0 || 216.7 || 191.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="60%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Limits
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
! Min sweep
| 972 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,166 || 552 || 440 || ~8 || ~3
|-
! Max sweep
| 1,555 || - || - || - || ~9 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 670 || < 650 || < 700 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full internal fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.104 || 2
| colspan="3" | 14,659 kg || colspan="3" | 742 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with internal fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel
|-
| 968 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 16,186 kg || 16,463 kg || 17,365 kg || 18,718 kg || 19,749 kg || 23,512 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,756 kgf || 7,309 kgf
| 0.90 || 0.89 || 0.84 || 0.78 || 0.74 || 0.62
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,169 kgf (1,400 km/h) || 8,173 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.01 || 0.99 || 0.94 || 0.87 || 0.83 || 0.70
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Mauser BK27 (27 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon, cheek-mounted (180 rpg)
** 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon + 32 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

The Tornado ADV is outclassed by higher tier aircraft, and is heavily dependent on its weaponry and avionics to be competitive. During the early grind, AIM-9Ls and the radar assisted gun are the only options, meaning that you have to stay at ground level (about 20-30 m above ground) to avoid being instantly obliterated by SARH missiles. Try to stick to the flat ground, and if that is impossible, try to "dive" into the openings instead of going over them, as you will momentarily lose ground echo protection. This makes early Tornado ADV gameplay that of a "first encounter" plane - simply be there first and cause as much chaos as you can before enemy gets you, so your team can finish them off, or flank enemy team from the side and hope they did not notice you approaching. The gun scope does not care about "ground echo" that completely destroys radar missiles, so you can easily snipe your opponents in a head-on. Even if all you do is cause some fires, this will spell doom for the enemy plane, as they can be easily cleaned up by teammates. A lot of planes that stick to the ground carry AIM-9Ls or R-60 variants, so turn afterburner off before actually engaging enemy planes and fire some flares while you go at them, especially at 900 m range and when pulling over hills.

The Tornado ADV can outrange most jets at lower BR's, even with a mediocre acceleration you will not struggle, especially if you decide to stick lower to the ground. Avoid pulling negative Gs in the Tornado ADV, the negative G performance of the Tornado is poor and making tight turns at top speeds will mean that the wings of the jet will instantly rip, leaving you to become easy prey to most of the other enemies fighter jets. Unlike the IDS the Tornado ADV lacks any air-to-ground armament options, so bringing this jet in ground RB matches might not be the best unless you really want to for enemy aircraft. Keep in mind that if you end up being chased after you try to engage an enemy aircraft, just fly away and dont try and dogfight them. The Tornado ADV will lose a lot of energy quickly, so just fly and get a teammate to cover your back while you retreat back to the airfield or closer to allied AA platforms.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Great air-to-air armament options which includes AIM-9L and SuperTemp
* Advanced radar
* Access to countermeasures
* 27mm cannon which can be used both got air and ground targets
* Decent climb rate

*

'''Cons:'''

* Cannot turn well when flying at high speeds
* No proper air-to-ground armament options
* Wings and other important modules are prone to shatter at high speeds

*

== History ==

The Panavia Tornado was born out of a joint effort by Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom during the late cold war in the 1970s. The Tornado would be designed as a twin-engined, variable-swept wing aircraft with a two-person crew an internal gun and provisions for a wide array of armament which included guided/unguided bombs, mine launchers, rockets, air to air missiles and air to ground missiles. The aircraft was also armed with 2 German made 27 mm Mauser BK-27 revolver cannon which was able to make short work of pretty much any aircraft it had in its sights, with the right munition it was also capable of taking out lightly armoured vehicles such as the BMP-1. The Panavia Tornado was primarily made to undertake missions which included tactical strike, reconnaissance, air defence and maritime patrol. What they aimed when making the design was an aircraft which could be very multi-role, it would allow the Panavia Tornado to replace several different types of aircraft which were at the time in service with the respected countries. The main variants which were designed included the IDS which was mainly a strike-fighter, the ADV which was the Air Defence Variant and lastly the ECR, which was mainly created to carry out recon and SEAD missions. In terms speed the Tornado could go up to 2,400 km per hour, its engine being known as the Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.103. After several proposals and design changes, the first prototype of the Panavia Tornado would fly on the 14th of August, 1974. The prototype would further solidify the partnership as when it was being demonstrated, a lot of positive comments would be made. Thus development would continue smoothly with the first aircraft being officially delivered to the RAF (Royal Air Force) and the German Air Force on 5 and 6 June 1979 respectively.

In terms of the Italian ADV, during the late stages of the cold war Italy realised they needed more in the air defence department, the F104s although good as interceptors were not very suitable for dogfighting. Italy looked towards Britain for help. Thus on the 17th of November 1993, Italy would sign an agreement with the RAF to lease up 24 Tornado ADVs directly from the RAF stocks for a period of ten years. The first Italian pilots would be trained on the Tornado ADV platform at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire, England starting in 1995. The Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana) would then receive its first Tornado ADV aircraft in the mid 1990s. These aircraft were assigned to specialized interceptor squadrons to protect Italian airspace and provide air defense for critical assets and regions. The Tornado ADV variant was specifically developed to serve as an interceptor to replace the aging fleets of existing fighter aircraft, The ADV variant featured longer-range radar, more powerful engines, and enhanced avionics to excel in the air defense role. Italy would not lease these aircraft again, due to issues which were found during its service. These issues included the lack of spare parts and lack of surplus engines. Italy would return most of the aircraft back to Britain, some of them remained in Italy and exposed in museums, such as the famous Vigna di Valle. Ultimately Italy would lease F-16 ADFs up until the Eurofighters were ready to take over.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tornado_adv Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;[[Tornado (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Tornado F.3]]

* [[Tornado IDS ASSTA1 (Germany)]]
* [[Tornado GR.1]]
* [[Tornado IDS (Germany)]] [[Tornado (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

** ''https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/485805-panavia-tornado/''
** ''https://www.aircraftrecognitionguide.com/panavia-tornado''

{{AirManufacturer Panavia}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

Tornado ADV

2023-09-05T15:45:14Z

U51386188: /* See also, Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tornado (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tornado_adv
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 11,582 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,280 || 2,257 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.4 || 28.6 || 167.3 || 163.4 || rowspan="2" | 800
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,340 || 2,308 || 27.6 || 28.0 || 216.7 || 191.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="60%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Limits
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
! Min sweep
| 972 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,166 || 552 || 440 || ~8 || ~3
|-
! Max sweep
| 1,555 || - || - || - || ~9 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 670 || < 650 || < 700 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full internal fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.104 || 2
| colspan="3" | 14,659 kg || colspan="3" | 742 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with internal fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel
|-
| 968 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 16,186 kg || 16,463 kg || 17,365 kg || 18,718 kg || 19,749 kg || 23,512 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,756 kgf || 7,309 kgf
| 0.90 || 0.89 || 0.84 || 0.78 || 0.74 || 0.62
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,169 kgf (1,400 km/h) || 8,173 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.01 || 0.99 || 0.94 || 0.87 || 0.83 || 0.70
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Mauser BK27 (27 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon, cheek-mounted (180 rpg)
** 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon + 32 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

The Tornado ADV is outclassed by higher tier aircraft, and is heavily dependent on its weaponry and avionics to be competitive. During the early grind, AIM-9Ls and the radar assisted gun are the only options, meaning that you have to stay at ground level (about 20-30 m above ground) to avoid being instantly obliterated by SARH missiles. Try to stick to the flat ground, and if that is impossible, try to "dive" into the openings instead of going over them, as you will momentarily lose ground echo protection. This makes early Tornado ADV gameplay that of a "first encounter" plane - simply be there first and cause as much chaos as you can before enemy gets you, so your team can finish them off, or flank enemy team from the side and hope they did not notice you approaching. The gun scope does not care about "ground echo" that completely destroys radar missiles, so you can easily snipe your opponents in a head-on. Even if all you do is cause some fires, this will spell doom for the enemy plane, as they can be easily cleaned up by teammates. A lot of planes that stick to the ground carry AIM-9Ls or R-60 variants, so turn afterburner off before actually engaging enemy planes and fire some flares while you go at them, especially at 900 m range and when pulling over hills.

The Tornado ADV can outrange most jets at lower BR's, even with a mediocre acceleration you will not struggle, especially if you decide to stick lower to the ground. Avoid pulling negative Gs in the Tornado ADV, the negative G performance of the Tornado is poor and making tight turns at top speeds will mean that the wings of the jet will instantly rip, leaving you to become easy prey to most of the other enemies fighter jets. Unlike the IDS the Tornado ADV lacks any air-to-ground armament options, so bringing this jet in ground RB matches might not be the best unless you really want to for enemy aircraft. Keep in mind that if you end up being chased after you try to engage an enemy aircraft, just fly away and dont try and dogfight them. The Tornado ADV will lose a lot of energy quickly, so just fly and get a teammate to cover your back while you retreat back to the airfield or closer to allied AA platforms.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Great air-to-air armament options which includes AIM-9L and SuperTemp
* Advanced radar
* Access to countermeasures
* 27mm cannon which can be used both got air and ground targets
* Decent climb rate

*

'''Cons:'''

* Cannot turn well when flying at high speeds
* No proper air-to-ground armament options
* Wings and other important modules are prone to shatter at high speeds

*

== History ==

The Panavia Tornado was born out of a joint effort by Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom during the late cold war in the 1970s. The Tornado would be designed as a twin-engined, variable-swept wing aircraft with a two-person crew an internal gun and provisions for a wide array of armament which included guided/unguided bombs, mine launchers, rockets, air to air missiles and air to ground missiles. The aircraft was also armed with 2 German made 27 mm Mauser BK-27 revolver cannon which was able to make short work of pretty much any aircraft it had in its sights, with the right munition it was also capable of taking out lightly armoured vehicles such as the BMP-1. The Panavia Tornado was primarily made to undertake missions which included tactical strike, reconnaissance, air defence and maritime patrol. What they aimed when making the design was an aircraft which could be very multi-role, it would allow the Panavia Tornado to replace several different types of aircraft which were at the time in service with the respected countries. The main variants which were designed included the IDS which was mainly a strike-fighter, the ADV which was the Air Defence Variant and lastly the ECR, which was mainly created to carry out recon and SEAD missions. In terms speed the Tornado could go up to 2,400 km per hour, its engine being known as the Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.103. After several proposals and design changes, the first prototype of the Panavia Tornado would fly on the 14th of August, 1974. The prototype would further solidify the partnership as when it was being demonstrated, a lot of positive comments would be made. Thus development would continue smoothly with the first aircraft being officially delivered to the RAF (Royal Air Force) and the German Air Force on 5 and 6 June 1979 respectively.

In terms of the Italian ADV, during the late stages of the cold war Italy realised they needed more in the air defence department, the F104s although good as interceptors were not very suitable for dogfighting. Italy looked towards Britain for help. Thus on the 17th of November 1993, Italy would sign an agreement with the RAF to lease up 24 Tornado ADVs directly from the RAF stocks for a period of ten years. The first Italian pilots would be trained on the Tornado ADV platform at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire, England starting in 1995. The Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana) would then receive its first Tornado ADV aircraft in the mid 1990s. These aircraft were assigned to specialized interceptor squadrons to protect Italian airspace and provide air defense for critical assets and regions. The Tornado ADV variant was specifically developed to serve as an interceptor to replace the aging fleets of existing fighter aircraft, The ADV variant featured longer-range radar, more powerful engines, and enhanced avionics to excel in the air defense role. Italy would not lease these aircraft again, due to issues which were found during its service. These issues included the lack of spare parts and lack of surplus engines. Italy would return most of the aircraft back to Britain, some of them remained in Italy and exposed in museums, such as the famous Vigna di Valle. Ultimately Italy would lease F-16 ADFs up until the Eurofighters were ready to take over.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tornado_adv Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;[[Tornado (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Tornado F.3]]

* [[Tornado IDS ASSTA1 (Germany)]]
* [[Tornado GR.1]]
* [[Tornado IDS (Germany)]] [[Tornado (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

** ''https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/485805-panavia-tornado/''
** ''https://www.aircraftrecognitionguide.com/panavia-tornado''

{{AirManufacturer Panavia}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

Tornado ADV

2023-09-05T15:31:14Z

U51386188: /* External links */

{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tornado (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tornado_adv
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 11,582 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,280 || 2,257 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.4 || 28.6 || 167.3 || 163.4 || rowspan="2" | 800
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,340 || 2,308 || 27.6 || 28.0 || 216.7 || 191.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="60%"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Limits
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
! Min sweep
| 972 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,166 || 552 || 440 || ~8 || ~3
|-
! Max sweep
| 1,555 || - || - || - || ~9 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 670 || < 650 || < 700 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full internal fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.104 || 2
| colspan="3" | 14,659 kg || colspan="3" | 742 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with internal fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel
|-
| 968 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 16,186 kg || 16,463 kg || 17,365 kg || 18,718 kg || 19,749 kg || 23,512 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,756 kgf || 7,309 kgf
| 0.90 || 0.89 || 0.84 || 0.78 || 0.74 || 0.62
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,169 kgf (1,400 km/h) || 8,173 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.01 || 0.99 || 0.94 || 0.87 || 0.83 || 0.70
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Mauser BK27 (27 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon, cheek-mounted (180 rpg)
** 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon + 32 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Great air-to-air armament options which includes AIM-9L and SuperTemp
* Advanced radar
* Access to countermeasures
* 27mm cannon which can be used both got air and ground targets
* Decent climb rate

*

'''Cons:'''

* Cannot turn well when flying at high speeds
* No proper air-to-ground armament options
* Wings and other important modules are prone to shatter at high speeds

*

== History ==

The Panavia Tornado was born out of a joint effort by Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom during the late cold war in the 1970s. The Tornado would be designed as a twin-engined, variable-swept wing aircraft with a two-person crew an internal gun and provisions for a wide array of armament which included guided/unguided bombs, mine launchers, rockets, air to air missiles and air to ground missiles. The aircraft was also armed with 2 German made 27 mm Mauser BK-27 revolver cannon which was able to make short work of pretty much any aircraft it had in its sights, with the right munition it was also capable of taking out lightly armoured vehicles such as the BMP-1. The Panavia Tornado was primarily made to undertake missions which included tactical strike, reconnaissance, air defence and maritime patrol. What they aimed when making the design was an aircraft which could be very multi-role, it would allow the Panavia Tornado to replace several different types of aircraft which were at the time in service with the respected countries. The main variants which were designed included the IDS which was mainly a strike-fighter, the ADV which was the Air Defence Variant and lastly the ECR, which was mainly created to carry out recon and SEAD missions. In terms speed the Tornado could go up to 2,400 km per hour, its engine being known as the Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.103. After several proposals and design changes, the first prototype of the Panavia Tornado would fly on the 14th of August, 1974. The prototype would further solidify the partnership as when it was being demonstrated, a lot of positive comments would be made. Thus development would continue smoothly with the first aircraft being officially delivered to the RAF (Royal Air Force) and the German Air Force on 5 and 6 June 1979 respectively.

In terms of the Italian ADV, during the late stages of the cold war Italy realised they needed more in the air defence department, the F104s although good as interceptors were not very suitable for dogfighting. Italy looked towards Britain for help. Thus on the 17th of November 1993, Italy would sign an agreement with the RAF to lease up 24 Tornado ADVs directly from the RAF stocks for a period of ten years. The first Italian pilots would be trained on the Tornado ADV platform at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire, England starting in 1995. The Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana) would then receive its first Tornado ADV aircraft in the mid 1990s. These aircraft were assigned to specialized interceptor squadrons to protect Italian airspace and provide air defense for critical assets and regions. The Tornado ADV variant was specifically developed to serve as an interceptor to replace the aging fleets of existing fighter aircraft, The ADV variant featured longer-range radar, more powerful engines, and enhanced avionics to excel in the air defense role. Italy would not lease these aircraft again, due to issues which were found during its service. These issues included the lack of spare parts and lack of surplus engines. Italy would return most of the aircraft back to Britain, some of them remained in Italy and exposed in museums, such as the famous Vigna di Valle. Ultimately Italy would lease F-16 ADFs up until the Eurofighters were ready to take over.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tornado_adv Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;[[Tornado (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Tornado F.3]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

** ''https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/485805-panavia-tornado/''
** ''https://www.aircraftrecognitionguide.com/panavia-tornado''

{{AirManufacturer Panavia}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

90/53 M41M

2023-09-05T15:29:39Z

U51386188: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_semovente_m41m_90
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_90_53_M41M.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The semovente da 90/53 (introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].) was a self propelled gun mainly made to provide support infantry and take out light and medium tanks that were used by the allies. It's main armament was mounted on the rear of a lengthened M14/41 hull and chassis. The [[90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)|90 mm 90/53 mod.41]] was made by modifying an anti-air cannon. It would have its first combat debut during the allied landings in sicily where it proved itself, however due to the sheer allied power both in the air and ground, the little numbers produced of this platform wouldn't be enough for Italy to defend itself. In game the Semovente 90/53 is one of the early tank-destroyer like vehicles availible to players grinding the tree. It has a very potent main armament able to deal with any enemy player vehicle at its battle rating. It mobility isn't the best however, the best playstyle for this vehicle is as a sniper where you won't have to be moving a lot. You can set up ambushes as the vehicle is not too tall or wide to be easily spotted. Reload rates need to be considered when engaging multiple enemies, not only that but the vehicle does not carry a lot of ammunition on the vehicle so you need to pick you targets very carefully and make sure every hit counts. Once spotted the vehicle does not have enough armour to protect itself from the majority of enemy attacks. The crew placement means most shots directed towards your turret will mean a quick trip back to the hangar. One major weakspot you dont want enemies to take advantage of is your behind, you are completely exposed as well as your ammo and crew. Being flanked in this vehicle means you usually wont be able to make it out alive from engagements. Overall, just play smart with the semovente da 90/53, do not go out in the open and attack only when absolutely needed.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull)
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun shield)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (19-68°) ''Upper glacis - top section'' 25 mm (80°) ''Upper glacis - bottom section'' 30 mm (cylindrical°) ''Lower plate'' || 25 mm (8°) ''Top'' 25 mm ''Bottom'' 30 mm (9-12°) ''MG bulge'' || 25 mm ''Upper part'' 25 mm (16°) ''Lower part'' || 25 mm (10°) ''Front glacis'' 25 mm (10°) ''Driver compartment'' 25 mm (15°) ''Engine compartment'' 5-25 mm (10°) ''Radiator vents'' 15 mm ''Gun platform''
|-
| Gun shield || 150 mm ''Gun breech'' 30 mm (29°) ''Shield front'' 6 mm (15-27°) ''Overlapping hull shield '' || 15 mm (0-18°) || N/A || 8 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick and bogies 10 mm thick.
* The belly is 14 mm thick.
* The gun mount is 15 mm thick.
* Mudguards are 4 mm thick.

Armour is not great, but the gun shield protects from .50 cal heavy machine gun fire from the front and the sloped hull armour can bounce shots. The back is very vulnerable as your crew sits unprotected and can be knocked out by anything, including a single artillery shell behind you can disable the {{PAGENAME}}.

Despite that, it has better survivability than what people may expect from such a thinly-armoured vehicle. Because of its layout, the {{PAGENAME}} separates the crew into two different areas, the front compartment of the hull and the rear turret, with the engine bay in between. This also gives additional protection from the front side to the ammunition storage area, and so being destroyed by an ammo explosion is not a frequent occurence.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 227|rbMinHp= 142}}

The mobility is good on flat terrain and even on some slopes, about the same as other Italian tanks on the same chassis. Due to the 90° horizontal fire angle, the {{PAGENAME}} can drive diagonally while aiming.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)|90 mm 90/53 mod.41]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 8 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+19° || rowspan="2" | ±45° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.7 || 13.4 ||16.3||18.0|| 19.2 || rowspan="2" | 10.40 || rowspan="2" |9.20|| rowspan="2" |8.48|| rowspan="2" | 8.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.6 || 7.7 ||9.4||10.3|| 11.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)/Ammunition|Granata Perforante da 90, Granata da 90, Granata Perforante mod.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks 90-53 M41M.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''8''' || 5 ''(+3)'' || 1 ''(+7)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Pack 8 shells as your ammo capacity is very limited.



== Usage in battles ==

Due to its high penetration at close ranges, excellent turret traverse and surprising survivability, the 90/53 can perform quite well in CQC combat in an urban environment. The 90/53 is quite lethal to most tanks it comes across and can deal quite easily with vehicles other tanks typically struggle with, such as KV-1s. This comes at the sacrifice of an exposed rear, so it is typically advised to make sure that your rear is always secure and not to overextend from your allies. Alternatively, the high calibre of the shell does make the 90/53 viable at range, but the lack of ammunition and machine guns for rangefinding make this task quite difficult. When entering battle, a full load of Granata Preforante mod.43 is typically advised.

The 90/53 is extremely vulnerable to AA guns as they can typically shred the 90/53's thin armour and should be avoided at all costs. Strafing from planes is also a common annoyance, as its lightly armoured and semi-exposed crew are easy targets from the air. Try to avoid open areas and stick to places with limited visibility from the air, such as forests and towns where planes will have trouble spotting you. If a plane is targeting you it might be wise to back your exposed rear into a solid object, like a wall or a cliffside to prevent the plane from hitting your rear.

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:90 53 M41M.jpg|thumb|90/53 M41M fighting at range]]
'''Pros:'''

* Wide traverse angle
* Exceptionally lethal APHE shells with outstanding penetration
* Acceptable reloading time
* If a shot penetrates the front, the engine and fuel tanks would absorb most of the fragmentation
* 4 widely spaced out crew members increases chance of surviving strafing runs

'''Cons:'''

* Poor gun depression
* Extremely poor ammunition capacity (8 rounds)
* Poor armour & exposed crew members in the turret
* Poor dispersion, especially without upgrades
* Mediocre mobility
* If you have 3 crew members and a plane strafes from behind, you're most likely dead

== History ==

The Semovente M41M da 90/53 consisted of a 90 mm anti-aircraft gun mounted on the rear of a lengthened M14/41 hull and chassis. The engine was moved from the rear of the vehicle to a central position. Conceived and built specifically for anti-tank use on the Eastern Front after it was clear Italian forces had no answer to Russian tanks like the T-34, was hurriedly designed and rushed into production in early 1942. In practice the large gun overstressed the chassis and engine, so production stopped after 30 were produced and none were ever sent to Russia. Only a handful of rounds could be carried on the vehicle; it had to be accompanied by a turretless L6/40 tank used as its ammunition carrier.

Twenty-four surviving vehicles were formed into the 10th Self-Propelled Gun Unit (Raggruppamento Semoventi), divided into 3 gruppi. It was sent to Sicily in June, 1943, and was deployed against the US 7th Army in fighting in the Licata area, losing all but two of its vehicles. These last two vehicles were abandoned and captured in Messina when Sicily fell. The few left behind in Italy were seized and used by Germany.

One of these two Semovente was brought to Aberdeen proving ground to be evaluated. In 2012, it was moved to the U.S. Army Field Artillery museum in Fort Sill, Oklahoma where it was restored. It is likely the only surviving example.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_semovente_m41m_90 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|m_4hzeJ0UrY|'''Semovente da {{PAGENAME}}, Italian, Tier-2, Tank Destroyer''' - ''Angry Nerd Gaming''|d_9nBk092jE|'''It has explosives and penetration , but what's the catch? Semovente {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[SU-85A]]

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:Semovente_da_90/53|[Wikipedia] Semovente da 90/53]]
* [https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/italy/Semovente_Da_90-53.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Semovente da 90/53]
* [https://www.army.mil/article/94484/army_fa_museum_adds_wwii_artillery_pieces <nowiki>[US Army]</nowiki> Army FA museum adds WWII artillery pieces]

{{TankManufacturer FIAT-Ansaldo}}
{{Italy tank destroyers}}

M26 "D.C.Ariete"

2023-08-17T13:24:52Z

U51386188: /* Description */

{{About
|about=premium Italian medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other vehicles of the family
|link=M26 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_m26_ariete
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The M26A1 (132nd Armored Division) (introduced [[Update 1.73 "Vive la France"]]) is an American made tank which was widely used by Italy during the early stages of the cold war. The Italian Army would receive Pershing tanks from the USA as part of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act at the beginning of the 1950s. The previously supplied M4 Sherman had become obsolete and needed replacement. They would be in service for many years and quickly became one of the strongest platforms at their disposal. The 132nd Armoured Division Ariete was created in 1939, it fought during the North African campaign until their destruction at the 2nd Battle of El Alamein. In 1948, the Ariete Division was reconstituted at Forte Pietralata in Rome and transferred to Pordenone in the Friuli region in Northern Italy to prevent any invasion by armoured divisions of the Warsaw pact's armies. The M26 were allocated to the 132nd Armoured Division Ariete at the Eastern border with Yugoslavia but never saw combat action. In game the M26A1 can be quite an effective machine at its battle rating however there are some notable weaknesses players must be aware of when using this tank. The M26A1 is quite a big platform, therefore when in tight city like maps you can be easily taken care of by enemy players which fire at you from positions you aren't able to see. Without its mobility upgrades it is also very slow, so until you unlock them you'll need to play a more supportive role rather an offensive one. Armour wise the M26A1 can protect you from a lot of medium calibre shells that will come your way, hull down positions are reccomended if you're not advancing. The firepower of the M26A1 is good enough for you to be able to take out the majority of enemies you'll face in 1-2 shots, granted you know their weakspots. You have access to a [[Cannone da 90/50 M3A1 (90 mm)|90 mm Cannone da 90/50 M3A1]] and machineguns which will come in handy against lightly armoured vehicles. Overall, it is a great tank to have for your lineup.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Front, turret)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Side, Rear, Roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 101.6 mm (42-46°) ''Front Glacis'' 162.5 mm (25-60°) ''Upper front glacis'' 76.2 mm (28-53°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 76.2 mm (0-1°) ''Front'' 50.8 mm (0-3°) ''Rear'' || 50.8 mm (7°) ''Top'' 22.2 mm (71°) ''Bottom'' || 22.2 mm
|-
| Turret || 101.6 mm (1-55°) ''Turret front'' 114.3 mm (1-84°) ''Gun mantlet''|| 76.2 mm (2-54°) || 76.2 mm (0-79°) || 25.4 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 76.2 mm (conical) || 25.4 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 25.4 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=775|rbMinHp=442}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M3 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M3 (90 mm)|90 mm M3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 70 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 20.0 || 27.7 || 33.6 || 37.2 || 39.5 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.62 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 12.5 || 14.7 || 17.9 || 19.7 || 21.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:M3 (90 mm)/Ammunition|T33 shot, M82 shot (M26), M304 shot, M71 shell, M313}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''70''' || 65 ''(+5)'' || 56 ''(+14)'' || 48 ''(+22)'' || 40 ''(+30)'' || 32 ''(+38)'' || 24 ''(+46)'' || 17 ''(+53)'' || 11 ''(+59)'' || 1 ''(+69)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_M26.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the M26 (identical).]]
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* 1 shell from rack 7 is fired after rack 1 is emptied. For the purpose of clarity, it is counted as belonging to rack 2 in the table above.
* Rack 9 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 10 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 9 - 1 - 2 - etc. until 8.
* If you pack 17 ''(+53)'' shells, it will keep most of the hull empty of ammo.
* Full reload speed will be realized as long as shells are available in the ready rack 9. If the ready rack is empty, a penalty to reload speed will occur.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-8 into rack 9. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 577 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}
The roof-mounted M2HB .50 cal heavy machine gun is very good at knocking out tracks, punching through lightly armoured vehicles and shooting down low-flying aircraft. Use it sparingly because of its low ammo count.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
The small calibre of the M1919A4 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==


;Combat tactics

The {{PAGENAME}} can perform in many different roles in battle. It can be used for supporting heavy tanks with long reload time as [[IS-2]] or [[T32]] or it can take part in flanking manoeuvres: your speed and agility are not brilliant but sufficient for that role. It can also be successful in sniping and ambushing situations. Use the lower profile of Pershing compared to the Sherman's to navigate through. Your depression angle allows you to shoot from upper positions without exposing too much yourself. That's an advantage compared to most Soviet vehicles which have close to no gun depression angle.

The 90 mm M3 gun owns a wide selection of ammunition to be used. The M82 APCBC with an explosive filler is extremely deadly. Usually, successful penetration with this shell can lead to a single-shot knock-out on a vehicle. It lacks a bit of penetration for the rank this vehicle sits at, but it's great for flanking shots. The M304 APCR shot gives the vehicle the ability to penetrate thick armour (provided it is a flat surface). This means you need to target crew positions or modules and aim at (almost) vertical armour. Against a [[Tiger II (H)]], this means aiming for the turret right side if he is looking directly at you on the gunner side. At that position, you can penetrate up to a distance of 1,800 m.

Although you are moderately armoured for your class, most enemies can easily kill you at this rank if you expose your tank too much. To reduce direct impacts in frontal engagements angle the Pershing, the V-shape frontal armour can deflect some shots. Your lower glacis is a weak spot, keep it hidden from the enemy.

One downside to the Pershing is the engine: the power-to-weight ratio is poor and does not allow for very quick manoeuvring. It uses the same Ford GAF that can be found in the late series M4 Medium tanks, with nearly 8 tons more weight. Being slightly underpowered, the {{PAGENAME}} has a hard time climbing hills. You will need to know the maps and areas you are operating in and use them wisely.

Urban maps (Poland, Eastern Europe, Hürtgen Forest, Cologne) are perfect for ambushing, use your moderate speed to catch off-guard heavier enemy tanks. Drop arty in front of suspected enemy positions if you need to cross a street and relocate, the smoke screen will cover you.

If you've been able to flank an enemy, your first shot is decisive. Always shoot to disable the gun first (gunner or breech). The best ammo to do this is M304 APCR round, or M82 APCBC shell. M304 will guarantee a 100% successful shot, M82 can also work very good and might deal heavy damage inside the turret. But some Germans have tracks on the hull's sides and if the enemy is in the process of turning the turret, the M82 could bounce. Make sure you not to miss. The large sides of German heavy tanks are tempting targets but its very easy to punch through without dealing damage with the wrong ammo like the T33 or M304 rounds. If you flanked a turretless tank destroyer like a Jagdpanther or a Ferdinand, just aim at the engine and you will have virtually killed it.

;Arcade Battles

In arcade battles, it is much harder to flank and ambush enemy tanks because of the tag system (player name). However, the tank is still very playable and you can do different tactics depending on the situation. For urban environments, it's best to move with the team and only poke your head out when you have a good shot and the enemy tank isn't aimed at you. In open terrain, you will still be able to use the hills to your advantage and side-shot / pot-shot enemy tanks. The main rule here is don't show your sides and stay low.

;Realistic/Simulator Battles

In realistic and simulator battles, The {{PAGENAME}} shouldn't be in the toughest part of the match facing very heavily armoured enemies. It's better to stay behind front lines supporting or try a flanking manoeuvre, you can't be spotted in the mini-map. The high battle rating means you can be up-tiered and fight Cold War era tanks in simulator mode. The compression and matchmaking can put you into situations where enemies are especially hard to penetrate, even from the sides.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* M82 APCBC rounds can knock out most tanks with a single shot
* Low profile
* Nice handling at gear 5
* .50 calibre machine gun on top helps for anti-aircraft defence
* Fast reverse speed

'''Cons:'''

* Turret ring can be easily damaged
* Slow compared to other nations' medium tanks, especially acceleration
* Heavy handling at low speed
* 90 mm gun penetration not the best

== History ==

{{main|M26#History|l1=History of the M26}}

The history and development of this M26 can be traced to the number of tank prototypes produced in the Spring of 1942 as a replacement for the [[M4]] Shermans then in use. One of these prototypes was the [[T20]] medium tank, which was more heavily armoured than the Sherman. This eventually developed to the T22 and T23 designs with different transmissions, all of which were in the rear of the vehicle instead of the front like the Shermans. These designs were comparable to a [[T-34-85]], but these were not quickly adopted over the M4 as the M4 performed fabulously in combat in Africa and Italy.

Development continued with different interests in 1944, starting around the concept to mount a 90 mm cannon to fight the heavily armoured German tanks and fortifications in Europe. The first was the [[T25]] series, which was an up-gunned T23 with a 90 mm gun, but they also designed a bigger and more armoured design T26. The design held the 90 mm cannon and a front armour thickness of 102 mm thick and sloped. However, the design has a weight of about 40 tons, which decreased its mobility and durability as it still uses the old Sherman engine. Though starting with an electric drive, the design proved too complicated for field use and was replaced by a torqmatic transmission in the T26E1. The designs were eventually finalized as the T26E3, which would be the production version of the T26E1. Production started in November 1944, with 10 being produced by the end of the month, 30 by December, 70 in January 1945, and 132 by February. It would take a few months for even the T26E3s built in November to get to Europe, hence why the first models did not appear in Europe until January 1945. The T26E3 would be adopted by the US Army as the Heavy Tank M26 Pershing with a total of 2,212 units produced.

In terms of usage in the Italian armed forces, the Italian Army received Pershing tanks from the USA as part of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act during the late 1950s. The previously supplied M4 Sherman had become obsolete and needed replacement, and Italy was very afraid that Yugoslavia would invade Italy to try take land they claimed to be the rightful owners of. The US Army armoured units stationed in West Germany transitioned from the M26 to the M47 Patton from 1952 through 1953. The M26 tanks, including the M26A1 version, were no longer needed by the US Army and thus given to Italy and France at a very favourable price. Italy used their M26 Pershings operationally until 1963, after which they were gradually replaced by more recent M47 Patton, M60 and Leopard 1 tanks. The 132nd Armoured Division Ariete was created in 1939. Together with the 131st Armoured Division Centauro, it was one of the two main Italian armoured divisions during WW2. Both divisions fought during the North African campaign until their destruction at the 2nd Battle of El Alamein. In 1948, the Ariete Division was reconstituted at Forte Pietralata in Rome and transferred to Pordenone in the Friuli region in Northern Italy to prevent any invasion by armoured divisions of the Warsaw pact's armies. The M26 were allocated to the 132nd Armoured Division Ariete at the Eastern border with Yugoslavia but never saw combat action.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_m26_ariete Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|D0Av7KWmvYE|'''The Shooting Range #128''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 06:50 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|7tFMpjzwQ08|'''M26 "D.C.Ariete" - Tank Review [Italian Premium Rank IV]''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[T20]]
* [[T25]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M26_Pershing|[Wikipedia] M26 Pershing]]
* [[wikipedia:132nd_Armoured_Division_Ariete|[Wikipedia] 132nd Armoured Division Ariete]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/US/M26_Pershing.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Medium/Heavy Tank M26 Pershing]

{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Department}}
{{Italy medium tanks}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

M26A1

2023-08-17T13:21:37Z

U51386188: /* Description */

{{About
|about= Italian medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= other versions
|link= M26 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_m26a1_pershing
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The M26A1 (Introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].) is an American made tank which was widely used by Italy during the early stages of the cold war. The Italian Army would receive Pershing tanks from the USA as part of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act at the beginning of the 1950s. The previously supplied M4 Sherman had become obsolete and needed replacement. They would be in service for many years and quickly became one of the strongest platforms at their disposal. In game the M26A1 can be quite an effective machine at its battle rating however there are some notable weaknesses players must be aware of when using this tank. The M26A1 is quite a big platform, therefore when in tight city like maps you can be easily taken care of by enemy players which fire at you from positions you aren't able to see. Without its mobility upgrades it is also very slow, so until you unlock them you'll need to play a more supportive role rather an offensive one. Armour wise the M26A1 can protect you from a lot of medium calibre shells that will come your way, hull down positions are reccomended if you're not advancing. The firepower of the M26A1 is good enough for you to be able to take out the majority of enemies you'll face in 1-2 shots, granted you know their weakspots. You have access to a [[Cannone da 90/50 M3A1 (90 mm)|90 mm Cannone da 90/50 M3A1]] and machineguns which will come in handy against lightly armoured vehicles. Overall, it is a great tank to have for your lineup.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Front, turret)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Side, Rear, Roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 101.6 mm (42-46°) ''Front Glacis'' 162.5 mm (25-60°) ''Upper front glacis'' 76.2 mm (28-53°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 76.2 mm (0-1°) ''Front'' 50.8 mm (0-3°) ''Rear'' || 50.8 mm (7°) ''Top'' 22.2 mm (71°) ''Bottom'' || 22.2 mm
|-
| Turret || 101.6 mm (1-55°) ''Turret front'' 114.3 mm (1-84°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 76.2 mm (2-54°) || 76.2 mm (0-79°) || 25.4 mm
|-
| Cupola || 76.2 mm || 76.2 mm || 76.2 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 25.4 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 775|rbMinHp= 442}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

It's recommended to unlock Parts and FPE first, then the M82 and APCR shots, and after that focus on mobility.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Cannone da 90/50 M3A1 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Cannone da 90/50 M3A1 (90 mm)|90 mm Cannone da 90/50 M3A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 70 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 20.0 || 27.7 || 33.6 || 37.2 || 39.5 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 12.5 || 14.7 || 17.9 || 19.7 || 21.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Cannone da 90/50 M3A1 (90 mm)/Ammunition|M77 da 90/50, M82 da 90/50, M304 da 90/50, M332 da 90/50, M71 da 90/50, M313 da 90/50}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''70''' || 64 ''(+6)'' || 55 ''(+15)'' || 47 ''(+23)'' || 39 ''(+31)'' || 31 ''(+39)'' || 23 ''(+47)'' || 16 ''(+54)'' || 10 ''(+60)'' || 0 ''(+70)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_M26.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the M26 (identical).]]
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* 1 shell from rack 7 is fired after rack 1 is emptied. For the purpose of clarity, it is counted as belonging to rack 2 in the table above.
* Rack 9 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 10 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 9 - 1 - 2 - etc. until 8.
* If you pack 16 ''(+54)'' shells, it will keep most of the hull empty of ammo.
* Full reload speed will be realized as long as shells are available in the ready rack 9. If the ready rack is empty, a penalty to reload speed will occur.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-8 into rack 9. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 600 (200) || 577 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}
The roof-mounted M2HB .50 cal heavy machine gun is very good at knocking out tracks, punching through lightly armoured vehicles and shooting down low-flying aircraft. Use it sparingly because of its low ammo count.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
The small calibre of the M1919A4 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==


The {{PAGENAME}} is played in a very similar way to the normal M26, but it has more firepower and a slightly better APCR shell. One of the biggest differences is that it often faces Allied tanks instead of Axis tanks. It's as versatile as the original Pershing but with a better gun. It can be used for supporting a teammate whose tank has a long reload time such as [[IS-2]] or [[T32]]. Participate in flanking manoeuvres — your speed and agility are not brilliant, but enough for that. Use the lower profile of Pershing compared to the Sherman's to navigate through the map more stealthily. Your vertical guidance (-10°/20°) allows you to shoot from higher positions without exposing too much of yourself.

The 90 mm gun offers a wide selection of ammunition to be used. The M82 APCBC shot with 140 g of explosive filler is extremely deadly — usually, a successful penetration with this shell will lead to a one hit kill. It lacks a bit of penetration for the rank this vehicle sits at, but it's great for attacking enemies from the side or behind. The M304 and M332 APCR shots give the vehicle the ability to penetrate thicker armour, but they perform poorly against angled armour and have terrible post penetration effects. This means you need to aim for flat surfaces and know the position of ammo or crew members in the enemy tank. Against a [[Tiger II (H)]] for example, this means aiming for the turret if he is looking directly at you on the gunner side. At that position, you can reliably penetrate the turret front from distances up to 1,800 m.

Although you are moderately armoured for your class, most enemies can easily kill you at this rank. A safe playstyle is a must. To reduce direct impacts in frontal engagements angle the {{PAGENAME}}, as the V-shaped frontal armour can deflect some shots and the tank has 76 mm of side armour. Your lower glacis is a big weak spot, try to keep it hidden from the enemy.

One downside to the Pershing is its engine — the power to weight ratio is poor and does not allow for very quick manoeuvring. It uses the same Ford GAF that can be found in the late series M4 Medium tanks, but the Pershing is 8 tons heavier. Being slightly underpowered, the Pershing has a hard time climbing hills. You will need to know the maps and areas you are operating in and use them wisely.

===Tactics===

Urban maps (Poland, Eastern Europe, Hürtgen Forest, Cologne, etc.) are perfect for ambushing, use your moderate speed to catch heavier enemy tanks off-guard. Drop artillery in front of suspected enemy positions if you need to cross a street or relocate, the smoke screen will cover you.

If you have successfully flanked an enemy, your first shot is decisive. If you know that you are not able to knock out the tank in one shot, you should always shoot the breech or the barrel to knock out the gun. The best ammo to do this is the M304 or M332 APCR shots, or the M82 APCBC shot. The APCR will guarantee a 100% successful shot, while the APCBC can also work very good and might destroy everything inside the turret. However, some German tanks have tracks on the turret's sides and if the enemy saw you and is turning their turret, the M82 could bounce. Make sure you don't miss. If you flank a SPG like a Jagdpanther, Jagdtiger or a Ferdinand just aim for the engine to immobilize it and you will have all the time needed to knock it out.

====Arcade Battles====
In arcade battles, it is much harder to flank and ambush enemy tanks because of the player-name system. However, the tank is still very playable and you can make use of different tactics depending on the situation. For urban environments, it's best to move with the team and only poke your head out when you have a good shot and the enemy tank isn't aimed at you. In open terrain, you will still be able to use the hills to your advantage and side-shot / pot-shot enemy tanks. It is worth mentioning, that the Pershing could face slightly heavier enemies due to its higher BR in Arcade Battles. The main rule here is don't show your sides and stay low.

====Realistic/Simulator Battles====
In realistic and simulator battles, The {{PAGENAME}} shouldn't be in the toughest part of the match facing very heavily armoured enemies. It's better to stay behind front lines supporting teammates or to try a flank manoeuvre, as you can't be spotted on the minimap. The battle rating can up-tier you to some top tank battles in simulator mode. The compression and matchmaking can put you into situations where you have to fight Cold War era tanks, which are especially hard to penetrate, even from the sides.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Uses the same gun as the M46 Patton; slightly better penetration compared to the original M26 Pershing
* M82 shot has great post-penetration damage; can easily knock out enemy tanks with a single shot
* Decent frontal armour
* Respectable mobility
* Great reverse speed
* Good accuracy on the move thanks to its stable suspension
* Good gun depression enables it to use hull-down tactics
* Fast turret rotation speed
* 76 mm of side armour allows the M26A1 some degree of angling

'''Cons:'''

* Armour can still be penetrated by most guns encountered at its rank
* Stock ammunition will have some difficulty destroying other tanks effectively
* Mediocre acceleration
* Turret ring can get damaged easily

== History ==

{{main|M26#History|l1=History of the M26}}

===Procurement===
The Italian Army received Pershing tanks from the USA as part of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act at the beginning of the 1950s. The previously supplied M4 Sherman had become obsolete and needed replacement. The US Army armoured units stationed in West Germany transitioned from the M26 to the M47 Patton from 1952 through 1953. The M26 tanks, including the M26A1 version, were no longer needed by the US Army and thus given to Italy and France. Italy used their M26 Pershings operationally until 1963, after which they were gradually replaced by more recent M47, M60 and Leopard 1 tanks.

===Usage===
In terms of usage for the Italian M26A1 in its armed forces, the Italian Army received Pershing tanks from the USA as part of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act during the late 1950s. The previously supplied M4 Sherman had become obsolete and needed replacement, and Italy was very afraid that Yugoslavia would invade Italy to try take land they claimed to be the rightful owners of. The US Army armoured units stationed in West Germany transitioned from the M26 to the M47 Patton from 1952 through 1953. The M26 tanks, including the M26A1 version, were no longer needed by the US Army and thus given to Italy and France at a very favourable price. Italy used their M26 Pershings operationally until 1963, after which they were gradually replaced by more recent M47 Patton, M60 and Leopard 1 tanks. Some Italian M26's would be reconfigured for troop transport, but overall the M26A1 would be stationed at Eastern border in Italy with Yugoslavia but never saw combat action.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_m26a1_pershing Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|oa26g25qqP4|'''Best medium tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:25 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|M4GYnx1g5VU|'''A Hidden "Italian" Gem - {{PAGENAME}} Pershing''' - ''Virus''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[M26 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M26_Pershing|[Wikipedia] M26 Pershing]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/US/M26_Pershing.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Medium/Heavy Tank M26 Pershing]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=64 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> M26 Pershing]

{{TankManufacturer Ordnance Department}}
{{Italy medium tanks}}

Tornado ADV

2023-08-06T21:04:13Z

U51386188: /* History */

{{About
| about = Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tornado (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tornado_adv
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,280 || 2,257 || rowspan="2" | 13000 || 28.4 || 28.6 || 167.3 || 163.4 || rowspan="2" | 800
|-
! Upgraded
|2,340||2,308||27.6||28.0||216.7||191.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|X
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} ||1,166||552||440||~8||~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
|< 670||< 650||< 700||-
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full internal fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.104 || 2
| colspan="3" | 14,659 kg || colspan="3" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with internal fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel
|-
| 968 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 16,186 kg || 16,463 kg || 17,365 kg || 18,718 kg || 19,749 kg || 23,512 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 56m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,756 kgf || 7,309 kgf
| 0.90 || 0.89 || 0.84 || 0.78 || 0.74 || 0.62
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,169 kgf (1,400 km/h) || 8,173 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.01 || 0.99 || 0.94 || 0.87 || 0.83 || 0.70
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Mauser BK27 (27 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon, cheek-mounted (180 rpg)
** 1 x 27 mm Mauser BK27 cannon + 32 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Great air-to-air armament options which includes AIM-9L and SuperTemp
* Advanced radar
* Access to countermeasures
* 27mm cannon which can be used both got air and ground targets
* Decent climb rate

*

'''Cons:'''

* Cannot turn well when flying at high speeds
* No proper air-to-ground armament options
* Wings and other important modules are prone to shatter at high speeds

*

== History ==

The Panavia Tornado was born out of a joint effort by Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom during the late cold war in the 1970's. The Tornado would be designed as a twin-engined, variable-swept wing aircraft with a two-person crew an internal gun and provisions for a wide array of armament which included guided/unguided bombs, mine launchers, rockets, air to air missiles and air to ground missiles. The aircraft was also armed with 2 German made 27mm Mauser BK-27 revolver cannon which was able to make short work of pretty much any aircraft it had in its sights, with the right munition it was also capable of taking out lightly armoured vehicles such as the BMP-1. The Panavia Tornado was primarily made to undertake missions which included tactical strike, reconnaissance, air defence and maritime patrol. What they aimed when making the design was an aircraft which could be very multi-role, ot would allow the Panavia Tornado to replace several different types of aircraft which were at the time in service with the respected countries. The main variants which were designed included the IDS which was mainly a strike-fighter, the ADV which was the Air Defence Variant and lastly the ECR, which was mainly created to carry out recon and SEAD missions. In terms speed the Tornado could go up to 2400km per hour, its engine being known as the Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk.103. After several proposals and design changes, the first prototype of the Panavia Tornado would fly on the 14th of August, 1974. The prototype would further solidify the partnership as when it was being demonstrated, a lot of positive comments would be made. Thus development would continue smoothly with the first aircraft being officially delivered to the RAF (Royal Air Force) and the German Air Force on 5 and 6 June 1979 respectively.

In terms of the Italian ADV, during the late stages of the cold war Italy realised they needed more in the air defence department, the F104's although good as interceptors were not very suitible for dog-fighting. Italy looked towards Britian for help. Thus on the 17th of November 1993, Italy would sign an agreement with the RAF to lease up 24 Tornado ADV's directly from the RAF stocks for a period of ten years. The first Italian pilots would be trained on the Tornado ADV platform at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire, England starting in 1995. The Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana) would then receive its first Tornado ADV aircraft in the mid 1990's. These aircraft were assigned to specialized interceptor squadrons to protect Italian airspace and provide air defense for critical assets and regions. The Tornado ADV variant was specifically developed to serve as an interceptor to replace the aging fleets of existing fighter aircraft, The ADV variant featured longer-range radar, more powerful engines, and enhanced avionics to excel in the air defense role. Italy would not lease these aircraft again, due to issues which were found during its service. These issues included the lack of spare parts and lack of surplus engines. Italy would return most of the aircraft back to Britian, some of them remained in Italy and exposed in musuems, such as the famous Vigna di Valle. Ultimately Italy would lease F-16 ADF's up until the Eurofighters were ready to take over.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tornado_adv Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;[[Tornado (Family)|Related development]]

* [[Tornado F.3]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Panavia}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

Tornado ADV

2023-08-06T20:47:31Z

U51386188: /* General */

Leopard 1A5 (Italy)

2023-07-17T10:49:37Z

U51386188: /* Description */

{{About
| about = medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Leopard 1 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_leopard_1a5
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The Leopard 1a5 (introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].) is a tank used by Italy during the last stages of the cold war. The Leopard 1a5 Italy used was actually a hybrid due to the hull being a hull from the Leopard 1a2 family that Italy also used and license produced by OTO Melara. Italy initially looked to upgrade their own Leopard 1A2's and 1A1's with some advanced FCS made in Italy, but ultimately opted to go with the Leopard 1a5 turret. These new tanks would be delivered between 1971 and 1972 followed by two batches built by OTO Melara under licence, which became one of the bulkheads in the Italian army alongside the American M60, of which Italy also license produced. The Leopard 1a5 would mainly serve in the Italian army as part of the KFOR taskforce. In game, The Leopard 1A5 is the final evolution of the [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1 family]], and thus offers some very competitive tools at the players' disposal. It plays very similarly to the OF-40's, the weakspots for the most part are the same. What the Leopard 1a5 is great at is being a sniper, the zoom levels together with the thermal imager allows the 1a5 to easily pick off enemies from afar. The mobility when stock sadly is not the greatest but as soon as you unlock the modules you can get to places around the battlefield at around the same speed as the rest of your team. In terms of armament the Leopard 1a5 is equipped with a NATO standard [[L7A3 (105 mm)|105 mm L7A3]] cannon. This cannon is able to fire a multitide of munitions which includes APFSDS rounds. This allows the tank to be able to destroy pretty much any tank it will face at its battle rating. Survivability wise the Italian 1a5 features a laser warning reciever, unlike its German counterpart. The LWR will be more useful than you think, but besides that the tank has relatively poor armour. Even IFV's will easily go through the armour meaning you need to be a bit more stategic with what enemies you decide to engage. It has a huge ammo rack at the front of the hull, so any shot there twill usually take you and the rest of the crew out of the battle. Overall, the Leopard 1a5 can be a great tank to add to your lineup, just keep in mind what its poor at and what its good at.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull ||70 mm (60°) ''Upper Glacis'' 50 mm (50°) ''Lower Glacis''|| 35 mm ''Upper'' 30 mm ''Lower'' ||25 mm||15-30 mm
|-
| Turret || 45-120 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 40-43 mm ''Right Side'' 37-45 mm ''Left Side'' || 33-52 mm ||21-65 mm
|-
|Additional Armour ||10-35 mm ''Gun Mantlet''||10-20 mm ''Turret Sides'' 5 mm ''Sideskirts''||5-10 mm ''Turret Rear''
|N/A
|-
|}

The Leopard 1A5 is a further development of the A1A1 specification of the Leopard MBT. That being said, it does not differ much from its predecessor in terms of armour. The Leopard 1A5 prioritizes firepower and mobility over the survivability of the tank. As such, it has no notable modules or layout that offer advanced survivability. The frontal armour is reliable against APDS and AP rounds from many of the autocannons found on IFVs at the rank but struggles against chemical and armour-piercing rounds from dedicated tanks and tank destroyers. The side and rear armour however, is a different story. Offering only 30-60 mm of armour over most of the surface, it can be penetrated by most rounds fired from cannon calibre weapons. Any shot from the side will penetrate the tank and have the potential to destroy it in one shot. This is due to three of the four crew members in the tank being situated in the turret. This is the major drawback of the Leopard 1 series tanks. A single shot has the capability to destroy the Leopard. As such, it requires a slightly more careful and patient play style.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L7A3 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L7A3 (105 mm)|105 mm L7A3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 55 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:L7A3 (105 mm)/Ammunition|DM12, DM512, DM23, DM33}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''55''' || 52 ''(+3)'' || 49 ''(+6)'' || 10 ''(+45)'' || 7 ''(+48)'' || 1 ''(+54)'' || No
|-
|}

* Racks 4 and 5 are first stage ammo racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Beretta MG42/59]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,600 (200) || 801 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (200) || 801 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Italian Leopard 1A5 can be a truly powerful vehicle when used in the right hands. For people who are going through the stock grind, it is recommended that you play a support role, until you get access to the APFSDS round. The Leopard 1A5 sadly is not very armoured, compared to other vehicles it will face, the main weak spots are the hull and the sides. So for people who have just picked it up, either play as a support, sniper or flank, as the stock HEAT round is not very good to deal frontally with most of the enemies.

One thing the Leopard 1A5 has that its German counterpart doesn't is a laser warning receiver, although you'll have to research it, this tool can prove to be a very useful modification for the tank as it will notify you whenever an enemy vehicle is lasing you, such as a helicopter. The LWR should give you enough time to react and either use your smoke discharges or quickly move to cover to avoid getting destroyed. Once you have gone through and researched most of its important modifications, such as the APFSDS round and the engine upgrade, you should be ready to play a more offensive role.

A good point you could take advantage of is your speed, your engine will be decent enough that you'll usually be with or ahead of your team most of the time. Use your speed at the start of matches to get to positions that enemies might not expect you to be in, which might guarantee you the first shot in most engagements. Your main gun is also very good at long ranges, so it is also not a bad idea to keep your distance, since you cannot count on your survivability. In night battles thanks to your thermal imager, you are able to easily gain an advantage compared to most of your enemies who might only have access to night vision only. This also should apply for all game modes, be aware that in Arcade battles the enemies are able to see your weak spots when they aim at you, so keep that in mind if you decide to go hull-down as an experienced player might just go for a different module, such as your cannon barrel or breech, and finish you off slowly.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has access to a thermal imager
* Potent APFSDS round, can deal with the majority of targets you'll encounter
* Decent mobility, isn't the fastest but isn't the slowest either

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability, most enemy fire will usually destroy you in 1 shot
* Big target, will likely stick out

== History ==


The story of the Italian Leopard 1A5 began during the late stages of the Cold War. Italy equipped several variants of the Leopard tank, first a small batch of Leopard 1A1s, which were then upgraded to Leopard 1A2s. They would be extensively used and at one point a study was conducted which aimed to equip the Leopard 1A1 with the Italian-made "Thetis" thermal imager system to evaluate its implementation on the Italian army Leopard tanks. Only a singular prototype was completed, this was likely due to the Italian army setting its eyes on the more interesting Leopard 1A5, which would also come with a thermal imaging system as standard. Thus, the final standard version of the Leopard 1 was the A5, obtained by extensively modifying many vehicles belonging to previous versions.
[[File:Leopard 1A5 (Italy) convoy.png|thumb|316x316px|Leopard 1A5 in a convoy]]
In order to modernize the tanks already in service, the Italian Army acquired some versions of Leopard 1A5 turrets from Germany, later installed on Leopard 1A2 hulls already in service, which would be plentiful in general. Some modifications had to be done on the Leopard 1A2 hulls however, as it wasn't as simple as installing the turret on the hull. For this, the Italian army had put the Gorizian Mechanical Workshops (COMG), the Fiore company (FIREMA) and the factories of the Army of Nola and Bologna, in charge to make a series of improvements on the Leopard 1A2, such as the suspension system. In fact, in order to compensate for the weight increase of about 2 tons, some of the more important modifications were added to the hull, the most important of which concerned: replacing the deflection roller with one of smaller dimensions and its repositioning more in above, the replacement of the first two rollers on the suspensions carriers of the volute springs with end-of-stroke buffers, the strengthening of the torsion bars, the adoption of a new maintenance-free track tensioner, and lastly but not least, the predisposition of the application of bulkheads track cover with brand new fenders. These changes were made to a number of hulls (202) higher than the 120 units foreseen for the transformation in the A5 version, perhaps in anticipation of further acquisitions of new turrets, then faded; the extra hulls therefore kept the original turret. These new tanks would be delivered between 1971 and 1972 followed by two batches built by OTO Melara under licence.

The turret of the Leopard 1A5 is immediately distinguished by the application of the additional passive armour designed by Blohm und Voss, adopted for the first time in Germany in 1975 on the A1A1 subversion; the protection extends over 360° from the 1st shield of the gun to the rear rack for the turret equipment consists of eleven armoured panels with rubber coatings spaced about 10 cm from the main armour by the use of bolts, mounted on elastic supports. Thanks to a zip opening on the additional armour, it was still possible to use the crewman's circular hatch to load ammunition and eject shells that have already been fired.
[[File:Leopard 1A5 ready to be demolished.png|thumb|Leopard 1A5 ready to be demolished]]
What made the Leopard 1A5 more potent and distinct from the previous versions was the additions of a night imaging and thermal imaging camera, laser rangefinder, laser warning system (only present on the Italian 1A5) and a electro-hydraulic stabilization system for its armament. Due to all these new additions, such as the installation of new firing systems and stabilization systems, it would cause a reduction to 55 transportable shells for the 105 mm cannon. Typically on board the Italian army would bring 27 APDS or APFSDS, 16 HEAT, 6 HESH, and 6 WP. The Leopard 1A5's service in the Italian army would mainly be during the war in the Balkans, in which Italy took part in the various peacekeeping missions, but ultimately they never saw action. Most of the Leopard 1A5s would quickly be put out of service during the late 1990s as from 1995, the new Italian-made C1 Ariete MBT would be delivered. All the Leopard 1A5s would then either be turned into static displays or sent to the Italian military graveyard at Lenta. There were plans to sell them to an undisclosed south american country however that never went anywhere.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_leopard_1a5 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
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File:Leopard 1A5 (Italy) Fire (1).png|
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File:Leopard 1A5 (Italy) Fire (4) .png|
File:Leopard 1A5 (Italy) while moving up a hill.png|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* [[Leopard 1A5]]
* [[Leopard 1 (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* http://www.ferreamole.it/images/leopard1a5/leopard1a5_01.htm
* http://www.army-guide.com/eng/product234.html

{{TankManufacturer KMW}}
{{Italy medium tanks}}