War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

P-26A-34 M2

2023-05-10T18:19:21Z

U47136605: small grammar things

{{About
| about = American fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = P-26 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=p-26a_34_m2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_p-26a_34_m2.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The P-26A-34 M2 Peashooter is a reserve fighter for the American aviation tree. The majority of American fighters are most effective when using boom and zoom tactics, and the P-26A-34 M2 is no different.

The P-26A-34 M2 Peashooter differs from the other two P-26s in that it carries a single 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun with 200 rounds in the place of one of the 7.62 mm machine guns. This is the same set up as on the later [[P-36A]] and [[F3F-2]]. The 12.7 mm is much more powerful, takes longer to overheat, has a longer reload time, and has a slightly lower rate of fire than the 7.62 mm.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The P-26 possesses great manoeuvrability for a monoplane thanks to its small wings and low weight. However, its reserve counterparts are biplanes, which are much more manoeuvrable than it. Outturning monoplanes is almost always possible, but outturning biplanes is usually out of the question.

The P-26 is soundly average speed-wise, with many of the reserve biplanes outpacing it. It is still capable of catching some of the slower reserve fighters and many slow low-tier bombers.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,286 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 364 || 351 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.6 || 19.7 || 8.2 || 8.2 || rowspan="2" | 170
|-
! Upgraded
| 387 || 377 || 17.7 || 18.0 || 18.6 || 12.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 240 || ~12 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 260 || < 180 || < 340 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,829 m || 600 hp || 666 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The P-26 is a typical mid-1930's design, and just like all its contemporaries (other reserve fighters), it does not have pilot armour. However, it is upgraded with self-sealing fuel tanks. The pilot, engine, and fuel are centrally located, but its simple design (no flaps and retractable gear) means that the P-26 has fewer critical components that can be damaged or disabled. One major advantage is excellent visibility to easily spot threats in SB battles.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Qualify the crew to "Expert," as it is very cheap (1,000 SL). Put crew points to Pilot Vitality and Weapon Maintenance.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, nose-mounted (200 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, nose-mounted (500 rpg)

Both of the P-26's guns are mounted in the nose, preventing gun convergence issues and allowing accurate fire at all ranges.

The P-26A-34 M2 is notably better than the other two P-26s thanks to the addition of a M2 Browning 12.7 mm machine gun. The 12.7 mm Browning becomes the standard armament of American fighters, so learning its ballistics early is advantageous. The 12.7 mm Browning on the P-26A-34 M2 is only able to use the "early" set of belts, which consist mostly of less-effective armour-piercing rounds instead of the incendiary rounds that make the 12.7 mm on later aircraft so powerful. Despite the inferior belt options, it still represents a huge upgrade over the 7.62 mm Browning, which has very poor damage output. The 12.7 mm MG is also very effective in head-on engagements.

The best belt for the 12.7 mm is likely either Universal (if you need tracers) or Stealth (if you can aim without tracers or in Arcade Battles). Default is also viable, although it contains a mostly-useless ball round. These belts have M1 incendiary bullets in them, which translates to a higher chance to cause fire, which is where most of the damage will come from when using machine guns.

The best belt for the 7.62 mm is Universal or Stealth, as both contain a good mix of AP rounds (best damage with rifle-calibre machine guns) and incendiary rounds (a little bit of fire chance).

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (200 lb total)

The P-26 can mount two 100 lb bombs which drop together. These bombs can be used to decent effect against light ground targets, such as AI artillery and player-controlled open-topped tanks. The bombs are pretty weak, and therefore a direct hit will be needed to destroy harder targets such as tanks.

== Usage in battles ==


Generally to do well in the P-26, never, ever turn fight, as it has a huge turning radius compared to other reserves. Ideally practice "Boom & Zoom" tactics - climb above, dive in, attack, and climb up again for a new attack. Also, use the "Stealth" ammunition belt, it is the hardest hitting belt for this aircraft and targets will not see where you are, giving you another second or two advantage. Stealth is harder to use, but it is worth it. While a mediocre at best reserve fighter, it is a very good ground attacker, carrying 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs with 24.5 kg of TNT each, which is effective against even some Rank 3 tanks and Rank 2 ships.

A major asset for this P-26 variant is the .50 cal M2 (12.7 mm) upgrade machine gun with 2.5 x the penetration power, making it much deadlier to targets (don't forget it will be on a separate trigger).

Study your opponents; this is critical on how to counter them as there is no single way to counter all targets. The Japanese Ki-10 and Soviet I-15 are this aircraft's greatest threats. If they get on your six, evade like crazy and try to get them to overshoot (never turn); teammates will be essential in this process. Bombs with a 0.5 second delay could work. Other fighters like the German He 51 can be outran, but do not try to turnfight them. With higher BR units, you may be just able to outmanoeuvre, but the best is constantly scan the sky for threats. Other rank 1 aircraft vary in threat level. Besides fighters, attacking bombers is a viable option, however, be mindful of defensive turrets as there are a few 12.7 mm machine guns and 20 mm cannons out there.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decently fast for its rank
* Good armament thanks to the use of a .50 calibre machine gun

'''Cons:'''

* Not as manoeuvrable as other fighters at its rank
* No armour
* Poor dive characteristics
* Poor energy retention

== History ==

The Boeing P-26 Peashooter was a plane both ahead of its time and quickly made obsolete. First flown in 1932, the P-26 is the one of the oldest planes in the game. It was one of the first all-metal monoplanes adopted into military service in 1933 (in comparison, the He 51 and Ki-10 entered service in 1935), making it one of the fastest fighters in the world at the time, but it suffered from poor flight performance and dangerous landing characteristics. However, as newer fighters entered service around the world, the P-26s advantages diminished and its disadvantages became vulnerabilities. By the time of World War Two, the P-26 was hopelessly obsolete.

The P-26 saw the majority of its combat serving in the Chinese Nationalist Air Force during the Second Sino-Japanese War, against Japanese Ki-10s and notably A5Ms in some of the first all-metal monoplane dogfights. Although it performed admirably in the pursuit role (bomber interception), in air-to-air combat with Japanese fighters, the deficiencies of the model showed.

In US service, the P-26 had a similar record. During the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, the P-26s scored only a handful of air-to-air kills against Japanese attackers. On December 24, 1941, their crews burnt the remaining planes to prevent their capture. Of the one hundred and fifty-one built, only nine airworthy P-26s remained on Christmas 1941, a single squadron defending the Panama Canal Zone, which was removed from service shortly after.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Many problems were revealed when the P-26's operation began. Due to its narrow landing gear tread and a landing speed too fast for its time, the aircraft was prone to nose over. When this happened, the pilots often lost their lives, although the planes themselves were not seriously damaged. As a result, the fuselage spine fairing was redesigned. Its height was increased by 20 cm, and the reinforced structure could endure a load of more than 12 tons if hit. The 29th production P-26A was the first to obtain this enlarged fuselage spine fairing, and the planes already produced were modified directly on the front lines.

New wing flaps allowed the aircraft's landing speed to be reduced. The plane was also equipped, in the event of an emergency landing on water, with two inflatable sacks occupying the containers in the wing roots. Beginning at the 26th production aircraft, this equipment became standard for the P-26A, but it was not installed on the aircraft already produced. There is no documented evidence that this system was ever used for its intended purpose, but one aircraft crashed after the raft kit opened spontaneously during flight.

P-26As produced later had reinforced armament: one synchronous 7.62 mm Browning M1 machine gun to the left of the fuselage and one synchronous large-calibre 12.7 mm Browning M2 .50 cal machine gun to the right. The magazine capacity of the large-calibre machine gun was 200 rounds.

A combined total of 111 machines of the P-26A variant were produced. The 20th Fighter Group was the first in the USAAC to be armed with Peashooters. It was followed by two more: the 1st Fighter Group based in Selfridge, Michigan, and the 17th Fighter Group at March Air Force Base, California. At various times, P-26s were operated in 22 USAAC fighter squadrons.

Peashooters were flown by many pilots who later occupied high positions in the USAAF and then in the USAF, including Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold, future Commander-in-Chief of the USAF.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=p-26a_34_m2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|pSfjJcDS1Aw|'''P-26A-34 M2 Peashooter ACE''' - ''ArnoMedia''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[P-26 (Family)]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Heinkel [[He 112 (Family)|He 112]]
* Polikarpov [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]]
* Mitsubishi [[A5M4]]
* Dewoitine [[D.500]]

== External links ==


* [https://www.boeing.com/history/products/p-26-peashooter.page <nowiki>[Boeing]</nowiki> History Page - P-26 Peashooter]

{{AirManufacturer Boeing}}
{{USA fighters}}

PBY-5A Catalina (USSR)

2023-05-10T17:38:25Z

U47136605: grammar edits

{{About
| about = bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = PBY-5 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=pby-5a_ussr
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

Although technically a medium bomber, the PBY-5's strategies are much like that of heavy bombers in higher tiers such as the Pe-8. It is best to fly high, as flying low will make you an easy target for fighters and AA. The best tactic for fending off enemy fighters is to use the rudder to direct one of the side gunners towards the attacking plane. It is also smart to use the guns manually in this situation, as the AI is often very inaccurate and will refuse to fire beyond a certain distance. In the worst case scenarios, a dive can be used to greatly increase the plane's speed to get to attack a ground target before a pursuing enemy fighter shoots it down.

The PBY-5A Catalina is slow and clunky, but it offers a heavy payload that is sure to be a game changer if used properly. It also has a very good defensive armament for its tier, which can occasionally be a saviour against an enemy fighter.

The plane is quite unmanoeuvrable, and its wings are very weak, being able to snap just by turning just a little too tight at higher speeds in a realistic battle. This version has landing gear, facilitating the task of landing and enabling it to capture bases in Airfield Domination mode in Arcade Battles.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,135 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 259 || 249 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.0 || 31.9 || 2.6 || 2.6 || rowspan="2" | 364
|-
! Upgraded
| 310 || 282 || 29.1 || 30.0 || 8.7 || 5.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~3 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 220 || < 220 || < 230 || > 200
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 9.5 mm Steel - Plates behind pilot and co-pilot seats
* 4.7 mm Steel - Plates between fuel tanks
* 6.3 mm Steel - Plates behind fuel tanks
* 6.35 mm Steel - Ventral gunner hatch/door
* No armour glazing
* Critical components located in front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* More fuel tanks located in wings near fuselage

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}
{{main|Mk.13-6 (2,216 lb)|Mk.13-6 Case (2,216 lb)|Type A Mark I mine}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 16 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (1,600 lb total)
* 4 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 4 x Type A Mark I mines
* 2 x 2,216 lb Mk.13-6 torpedoes
* 2 x 2,216 lb Mk.13-6 Case torpedoes

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (478 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, nose turret (1,000 rpg)
* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

Climb off to the side immediately and attempt to avoid all contact with enemy aircraft for as long as possible. The large bomb load will allow you to take care of bases easily, but the fact that this is a flying boat will prevent you from defending yourself in all directions. Never forget this aspect of the Catalina: It's defenceless against attacks from below.

====Specific enemies worth noting====

Any vehicle with a 12.7 mm guns or higher or anything with a majority tracer filled belt. The .50 cals can easily disable your very much exposed engines and control surfaces, and tracer belts quickly ignite the exposed fuel tanks.

====Counter-tactics====

Many enemies, due to your low rate of climb and slow speed, will engage you from above and in front. As the Catalina only has a weak gunner on the front, it is vital to engage them early if they approach from this direction. Scaring off enemies should be your main tactic if they approach you in any other direction, though using the rudder to twist your plane will allow you to use the rear gunners effectively against enemies behind you.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multiple turrets allow for good coverage of the bomber in all directions but directly above and below
* Massive bomb load for Tier I
* Can carry torpedoes unlike most bombers in the Soviet Tree
* Landing gear

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible roll rate
* Slow
* Cannot defend itself from attacks directed at it from above or below
* Wings are extremely fragile

== History ==

The PBY-5 flying boat and the PBY-5A amphibious aircraft, all-metal parasol monoplanes, were developed in the Consolidated Aircraft Corporation's design bureau under the direction of Isaac Laddon under the designation of Model 28. A prototype XP3Y-1 flying boat made its first flight on March 21, 1935. Full-scale production began in September 1936.

Full-scale production of the PBY-5В version began in 1939. This variant of the flying boat had a new tail assembly with a more angular rudder and 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 Twin Wasp fourteen-cylinder, air-cooled engines. The plane's defensive armament was reinforced: The 7.62 mm Browning M2.3 machine guns in the aircraft's gun placements were replaced with large-calibre 12.7 mm Colt-Browning M2.5 machine guns with 800 rounds each. Transparent drop-shaped blisters were installed on each side of the boat instead of sliding hatches. The aircraft's equipment was also upgraded.

At the same time as the PBY-5, Consolidated Aircraft designers developed an amphibious variant with retractable tricycle landing gear. The main wheels were hydraulically raised and stored in open bays between struts connected to the wing. The XPBY-5A prototype made its first flight on November 22, 1939.
The amphibious variant proved heavier than the PBY-5 flying boat, losing speed, ceiling height, and flight range, but these disadvantages were fully compensated for by the aircraft's increased combat capabilities.

Catalinas of various versions were in service with the USA and countries of the Anti-Hitler Coalition, including the USSR, where they were delivered as part of the Lend-Lease program.

The Soviets' naval aviation suffered a heavy crisis in the second half of the war. The enormous losses from the first years of the war went practically unremedied by any deliveries of new seaplanes from the aircraft industry. What the Soviet naval aviation industry could offer did not meet the standards of the time, either. Unable to provide their troops with domestically produced planes, the Soviet leaders had to ask for help from the Allies.

Catalinas were delivered to the USSR beginning in 1944. As part of the Soviet Naval Aviation force, these flying boats ran anti-submarine defence and long-distance reconnaissance missions and participated in rescue and landing operations. A total of 185 Catalinas of the PBN-1 and PBY-6A versions were delivered from the USA to the USSR. In addition, several PBY-5A amphibians were delivered to the Soviet Union: these aircraft were handed over to Soviet crews in 1944 at the Vancouver Island base.

The Catalinas that served with the Soviet Naval Aviation force were discarded from 1954 to 1957.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina twin-engine, long-distance naval scout aircraft

The PBY-5 flying boat and the PBY-5A amphibious aircraft, all-metal parasol monoplanes, were developed in the Consolidated Aircraft Corporation's design bureau under the direction of Isaac Laddon under the designation of Model 28. A prototype XP3Y-1 flying boat made its first flight on March 21, 1935. Full-scale production began in September 1936.

Full-scale production of the PBY-5В version began in 1939. This variant of the flying boat had a new tail assembly with a more angular rudder and 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 Twin Wasp fourteen-cylinder, air-cooled engines. The plane's defensive armament was reinforced: The 7.62 mm Browning M2.3 machine guns in the aircraft's gun placements were replaced with large-calibre 12.7 mm Colt-Browning M2.5 machine guns with 800 rounds each. Transparent drop-shaped blisters were installed on each side of the boat instead of sliding hatches. The aircraft's equipment was also upgraded.

At the same time as the PBY-5, Consolidated Aircraft designers developed an amphibious variant with retractable tricycle landing gear. The main wheels were hydraulically raised and stored in open bays between struts connected to the wing. The XPBY-5A prototype made its first flight on November 22, 1939.

The amphibious variant proved heavier than the PBY-5 flying boat, losing speed, ceiling height, and flight range, but these disadvantages were fully compensated for by the aircraft's increased combat capabilities.

Catalinas of various versions were in service with the USA and countries of the Anti-Hitler Coalition, including the USSR, where they were delivered as part of the Lend-Lease programme.

The Soviets' naval aviation suffered a heavy crisis in the second half of the war. The enormous losses from the first years of the war went practically unremedied by any deliveries of new seaplanes from the aircraft industry. What the Soviet naval aviation industry could offer did not meet the standards of the time, either. Unable to provide their troops with domestically produced planes, the Soviet leaders had to ask for help from the Allies.

Catalinas were delivered to the USSR beginning in 1944. As part of the Soviet Naval Aviation force, these flying boats ran anti-submarine defence and long-distance reconnaissance missions and participated in rescue and landing operations.

A total of 185 Catalinas of the PBN-1 and PBY-6A versions were delivered from the USA to the USSR. In addition, several PBY-5A amphibians were delivered to the Soviet Union: these aircraft were handed over to Soviet crews in 1944 at the Vancouver Island base.

The Catalinas that served with the Soviet Naval Aviation force were discarded from 1954 to 1957.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=pby-5a_ussr Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|HjD-qAz3EOE|'''Premium Review. Russian PBY-5A Catalina. Infused with Soviet Might!''' - ''Joseph 2000''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/18963-pby-5a-catalina-official-thread/ <nowiki>[Forum]</nowiki> PBY-5A Catalina Official Thread]

{{AirManufacturer Consolidated}}
{{USSR bombers}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

G.91 R/4

2023-04-22T16:15:22Z

U47136605: grammar

{{About
| about = premium Italian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = G.91 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fiat_g91_r4
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_G.91_R4.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] as a [[wt:en/news/6078-development-g-91ys-turning-and-burning-en|pack vehicle]] purchasable in the Gaijin Store, but was removed from sale after the [[wt:en/news/7154-shop-may-sale-in-the-gaijin-store-en|2021 May Sale]]. It later returned for purchase for Golden Eagles {{ge}} in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

The R/4 is a variant of the G.91 jet fighter that has been modified for ground attack, allowing it access to a competitive selection of air-to-ground ordnance such as bombs, rockets, and high-explosive air-to-ground missiles. The R/4 also has the option to equip two different types of air-to-air missiles: the IR-tracking [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missile, or the command-guided [[AA-20 Nord]] missile.

The G.91 R/4 is a very nimble fighter with relatively average top speed and fairly good acceleration. Best played as a support fighter, the G.91 R/4 can use its incredible roll and turn rates to quickly get guns on target, as well as to dodge the typically less manoeuvrable fighters that it shares its battle ratings with.

There are few changes between the [[G.91 pre-serie|Pre-serie]], [[G.91 R/1|R/1]], [[G.91 R/3|R/3]] and the [[G.91 R/4|R/4]], with exception of the armament, and this guide can be considered universal for all listed aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The G.91 was intended to replace the [[F-86A-5|F-86A Sabre]] in German, Portuguese and Italian service, and it shows. With an empty weight of only 3,100 kg (6,800 lbs) and a takeoff weight of 5,500 kg (12,100 lbs), the Gina is in the weight class as the [[P-51D-5|P-51D]] and [[MiG-9]], yet severely lighter than most other jets and losing about one and a half tonnes compared to the Sabre A.

Although only outputting a meagre 22 kN of thrust, this first look disadvantage is literally outweighed by the high thrust to weight ratio of 0.73 empty (0.41 full). This makes the Gina an excellent dogfighter as jet fighters maintain their top speed, climb rate, and sustained turn-rate by their engine power rather than other flight characteristics. It can easily reach its own terminal speed (1,011 km/h, 921 ft/s) and self-destruct in level flight.

Lacking in straight wings and leading wing slats, the stall speed for the G.91 is higher than the low weight leads one to assume. One should hence be wary of many older jet types with said features, as after bleeding too much speed they can easily out-manoeuvre the Gina.

Starting with 20 min of fuel, gaining the climb speed of 800 km/h IAS (sustainable @ 7-8°; 730 ft/s) takes a mere ~80 seconds with 20 predicated for taking off at 230 km/h or 210 ft/s IAS. An Immelmann at 800 km/h will gain 1,000 m and lose 300 km/h. A hard 180° turn at the same speed takes >100 km/h and may lose up to 60 m.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,066 || 1,042 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.4 || 28.0 || 30.4 || 29.5 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,097 || 1,084 || 24.8 || 26.0 || 49.3 || 39.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 589 || 550 || 345 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 800 || < 650 || < 660 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Bristol Orpheus MK.803 || 1
| colspan="2" | 3,477 kg || colspan="3" | 289 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel
|-
| 380 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 3,837 kg || 4,269 kg || 4,662 kg || 4,740 kg || 5,800 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (101%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 101%
! 9m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 32m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,212 kgf || 2,234 kgf
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,212 kgf (0 km/h) || 2,234 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.58 || 0.52 || 0.48 || 0.47 || 0.39
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 40 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel plate, starts in the pilot's seat, goes below the pilot, ends in front of the pilot
* 6.5 mm Steel plate below a fuel tank in the centre-front of the fuselage
* 6.5 mm Steel plate below a fuel tank in the centre-rear of the fuselage
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (6 mid-fuselage)

Though the G.91 R/4 does have a decent amount of armour spaced out between the centre and front of the fuselage, the steel plates will only be sufficient to protect the pilot and aircraft from lower calibre fire (7.92 mm to 7.62 mm machine guns will only penetrate at '''very''' close ranges). And, thanks to the sacrifices made to lighten the aircraft, the airframe is not particularly reinforced. The wings are very thin and susceptible to being out-right broken off by most-all primary armaments the G.91 will face at its tier, and the fuselage is full of juicy fuel tanks as well as the single engine of the R/4. Even more so than most planes, the G.91 R/4 is not capable of taking any hits. Even low calibre fire, such as that from .50 cal machine guns, can cripple an R/4 nigh-immediately and necessitate an immediate return-to-base.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|Aerea 559G1 incendiary|FFAR Mighty Mouse|M3 Browning (12.7 mm)}}
{{main|AA-20 Nord|AIM-9B Sidewinder|AS-20 Nord}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 1,200 total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 2 x AA-20 Nord missiles
* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 2 x AS-20 Nord missiles
* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 4 x AS-20 Nord missiles
* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 4 x AA-20 Nord missiles
* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 2 x AS-20 Nord missiles (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 2 x AA-20 Nord missiles (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 4 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns + 2 x Aerea 559G1 incendiary bombs

Featuring a wide range of ordnance, the G.91 R/3 can be equipped for any role from ground to air combat, though it prefers air superiority.

The M3 Browning is a new weapon in the Italian arsenal at rank V and, compared to the previous experiences, a let down. The rate of fire is phenomenal, but the small calibre and ammo size put a serious damper to the mood, that is in comparison of course. In practise and with good aim, it can easily shred four fighters. The high bullet velocity and fire rate is quite the advantage in the fast pace world of jet combat, ensuring hits in deflection shots where the lower rate of fire found in the [[:Category:Fifth_rank_aircraft|Soviet jet fighters]] might have failed the pilot.

Yet one will always look onto greener pastures, especially as the Gina only has four guns unlike all other Browning armed jets. No matter how you turn it, the armament is only manageable with skill and outright bad for a beginner.

For air-to-ground purposes, the G.91 R/4 is similar to the [[G.91 pre-serie]] and [[G.91 R/1]], both its predecessors, in loadout options, sharing the same FFAR Mighty Mouse rocket option as well as the choice of a pair of 500 lb bombs. However, the G.91 R/4 has an additional and unique option: the AS-20 Nord air-to-ground missile, with a reasonable penetration value (83 mm RHAe) but incredible warhead size of (just under) 30 kg of TNT. Skilled use of the missile can allow for a more accurate fire at longer ranges especially versus more dangerous vehicles like self-propelled anti-aircraft guns.

Air-to-air ordnance selection is where the G.91 R/4 stands out from its brethren; the G.91 R/4 is the lowest-ranked jet in the Italian aircraft tree to gain access to air-to-air missiles, with access to the American AIM-9B infrared-guided missile, and one of only two jets in-game (alongside the [[Super Mystere B2|Super Mystére B.2]]) to have the option of loading the unique AA-20 Nord air-to-air missiles; keyboard guided missiles with a 15 metre proximity fuse. Unlike infrared-guided missiles in War Thunder, the AA-20 Nords do not warn targets of a missile launch giving R/4 pilots the element of surprise, and the Nord's proximity fuse increases the chance of long-range launches striking a target, though these perks come at the demand of a much higher skill floor for usage.

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the G.91 R/4's notably lower speed and high-end acceleration as compared to its contemporaries, the R/4 should be played as a support fighter, meaning the pilot should seek to stick near teammates rather than hunting targets solo, and opt to pick off hostile aircraft that are engaged and distracted with/by allied fighters. The G.91 airframe is exceptionally agile, and the R/4 is no exception; even heavily manoeuvring targets are easy for this plane to keep the nose on. The plane's exceptional roll and turn rates are its biggest strengths, and the pilot should seek to use that to their advantage rather than attempting to fight speed or energy battles.

Make use of the G.91 R/4's varied suspended armaments to dispatch a variety of targets. The AIM-9B is a very easy to use missile and can force faster targets to manoeuvre, slowing them down, and can sometimes even net target destructions. Be careful when using this missile around friendlies though, as a misguided Sidewinder '''will''' destroy allied aircraft. The AA-20 Nord is a much more difficult missile to use, but it has a far longer effective range and can often surprise enemies who expect a warning from enemy missile launches. Use the massive range and proximity fuse to take down faster targets flying away from you, and consider using them to destroy bombers such as the often-seen [[S.O.4050_Vautour_IIB|Vautour IIB]], [[S.O.4050_Vautour_IIA|Vautour IIA]], and [[Vautour_IIA_IDF/AF_(France)|Israeli Vautour IIA]], who not only are far less able to dodge missiles but also have larger airframes that trigger the proximity fuse from longer distances.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional manoeuvrability, with very high roll and turn rates
* Varied and effective suspended armament choices
* Access to air-to-air missiles, including the [[AA-20|AA-20 Nord]]
* Access to the [[AS-20|AS-20 Nord]] air-to-ground missile

'''Cons:'''

* Relatively low calibre primary armament (four .50 cal Brownings)
* Slower than most of its contemporaries
* Very fragile airframe
* Poor energy retention

== History ==

The story of the Fiat G.91 R/4 began during the late stages of the Cold War, with the first pre-serie G.91s being tested in Italy. NATO had set up a competition between nations, in the hopes that all NATO members would share the same aircraft to facilitate the overall structure of NATO member air forces. Having access to the same aircraft en mass would have benefited the alliance in many ways, such as the availability of spare parts, NATO pilots being able to operate the same aircraft (meaning that in the event of war there would always be trained pilots available to operate the aircraft), and overall saving a lot of time and money. The original competition specifications which NATO outlined called for a jet able to carry up to 450 kg of ordnance, an operational radius of 180 km, with a maximum speed of at least Mach 0.95 and a takeoff distance of no more than 1,100 m, on unprepared or grass runways. For this, a lot of nations had decided to take part, mainly because it would result in an influx of financial support. Overall from all the nations that had decided to participate, 8 aircraft competed. This would include aircraft such as the French Dassault [[Etendard IVM|Etendard]] (then called the Mystere XXVI), the British Folland Gnat and the Italian Aerfer [[Sagittario 2]] which would ultimately lose to the G.91. During the competition, a lot of aircraft would not pass to the next stages of the competition. The G.91 among some other aircraft were selected for the second round beginning in late 1957. The Italian Air Force was already showing interest despite the NATO competition still ongoing, eventually Fiat went ahead with a small batch of 27 pre-production ("pre-serie" in Italian) aircraft, with the first flight of the G.91 being completed in August 1956, seven months ahead of its competitors. Sadly, during testing the first prototype of the G.91 would crash due to aeroelastic vibrations in February 1957. Although this proved to be a setback, it did not stop the interest from the Italian Air Force, and the G.91 would still enter the second round of the NATO competition as scheduled, shortly thereafter announced as the winner in January 1958. After extensive testing of the Fiat G.91, and some refinement to the design, the first official major order from the Italian government would arrive, which initially ordered 23 examples of the production version of the G.91.

The production version of the Fiat G.91 was the G.91 R, which was specifically intended for both close air support and photo-reconnaissance. It was armed with 4 x 12.7 mm Browning M3 machine guns which would be placed in the front of the aircraft. It also had 2 pylons which were able to carry a multitude of payload options, which included unguided rockets and bombs. The first production aircraft would be completed by 1959, and the R/1 entered Italian Air Force service with 14th Gruppo in March 1961. In total, 48 of this model would be built. Later on, 2 new variants of the G.91 R/1 would appear, called G.91 R/1A and G.91 R1/B, these would be extensively upgraded and had a reinforced airframe, updated avionics and stronger air-brakes. One of the many things that this new version of the G.91 could do was allow the installation of AS-20 Nords, which would be extensively trialled by the Italian Air Force, and later on applied to more advanced G.91 variants.

The overwhelming success of the G.91 in Italian service would further convince other NATO alliance members to begin to place orders, one of them being Germany. Germany had shown great interest in the aircraft, mainly due its great flight characteristics and the ability to modify the aircraft to suit a nation's operational needs. Thus, Germany would order 50 examples of the G.91 R/3. The G.91 R/3 was a modified version of G.91, removing the Browning .50 cal machine guns in favour for 2 x 30 mm DEFA cannons, included with that would be the improved avionics package that were present on the G.91 R/1A and R/1B, allowing the installation of AS-20 Nords. Lastly the R/3 would receive 2 more pylons, which would give the aircraft a total of 4 pylons. Germany had liked this version so much so that they decided to buy the rights to produce this aircraft, which spawned another 294 versions built in Germany.

Eventually the R/3 would lead to the R/4, a hybrid version of both the G.91 R/1 and G.91 R/3, which would keep the advanced avionics and pylons from the R/3 but would instead revert back to the 4 Browning machine guns from the R/1. As previously stated, many NATO member would be interested, the R/4 was supposed to have been sold to the nations of Greece and Turkey, but after the USA stepped in and offered their aircraft and a cheaper price, the sale fell through and ended up entering West German service instead. However what makes the R/4 well known was mainly due to the extensive service it had inside of the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa) during their colonial wars against Angola, Mozambique, and other domains of the former Portuguese empire. Portugal had interest in the aircraft, they'd get 110 of them surplus from Germany. They'd partially put it in service to replace the obsolete [[F-84 (Family)|F-84 Thunderjets]] and [[F-86 (Family)|F-86 Sabres]] that they had in service. The Portuguese Air Force would be the only user of the G.91 series of vehicles to actually use in active combat, the first Portuguese air group to enter active service with the new aircraft was the "121st Tigres Squadron" commanded by Lieutenant Egídio Lopes in April of 1966 in Bissalanca, Guinea. The department commanded by Lopes thus formed a quick reaction force done to support the action of the land units in counter-guerrilla operations, which at times also provided them photo reconnaissance missions, starting from the last quarter of 1966 when the G.91 reached an acceptable level of operational readiness. The G.91 R/4 was liked by its users, so much so that the aircraft had been given the nickname of 'Gina' in Portuguese service, the nickname is still popular nowadays with many ex-servicemen whom operated the G.91.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fiat_g91_r4 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:G91 R4.png|Left side of the G.91 R/4
File:G91 R4 2.png|Nose of the G.91 R/4
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|aMOb7dfH6ZI|'''"G.91 R/4 "Portuguese Devil" - Update 1.87 Premium"''' by ''BaconGaming''|4wIDFwbBb74|'''"G.91 R/4 - Like A Cold Pizza"''' by ''NapalmRatte''}}

== See also ==


* [[G.91 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/363988-fiat-g91-discussion-thread/ WT Forum: Fiat G.91 discussion thread]
* [[wikipedia:Fiat_G.91|[Wikipedia] Fiat G.91]]
* [https://store.gaijin.net/story.php?title=Fiat-G-91-R%2F4-Pack Fiat G.91 R/4 Pack (Gaijin.Net Store)]

{{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}
{{Italy premium aircraft}}

Su-7BMK

2023-04-22T16:00:18Z

U47136605: grammar

{{About
| about = Soviet strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Su-7 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=su-7bmk
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|StoreImage_{{PAGENAME}}_001.jpg|StoreImage_{{PAGENAME}}_003.jpg|StoreImage_{{PAGENAME}}_005.jpg}}
|store=10173
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

It bears Egyptian air force insignia and roundels.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 11,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,166 || 2,151 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.5 || 28.5 || 167.8 || 159.3 || rowspan="2" | 1,250
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,323 || 2,232 || 26.6 || 27.0 || 225.5 || 195.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || X || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,260  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 473 || ~10 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 700 || < 650 || < 600 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Saturn AL-7F-1-250 || 1
| colspan="2" | 8,365 kg || colspan="2" | 335 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel
|-
| 2,200 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 9,270 kg || 10,505 kg || 11,383 kg || 14,950 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 5,848 kgf || 8,266 kgf
| 0.89 || 0.79 || 0.73 || 0.55
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 6,664 kgf (1,000 km/h) || 9,984 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 1.08 || 0.95 || 0.88 || 0.67
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The pilot is well protected from shots, with a 102 mm bulletproof glass front windscreen in the cockpit, an 8 mm steel plate in front of the instrument panel, and a 5 mm steel plate above the windshield. There is also some armour protection from behind: 36 mm Aluminium Alloy plates for the seat and a 20 mm Aluminium Alloy plate for the headrest. There is no protection from shots coming from the sides.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|NR-30 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm NR-30 cannons, wing-mounted (80 rpg = 160 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|OFAB-250sv (250 kg)|FAB-500M-54 (500 kg)|ZB-360 incendiary}}
{{main|S-3K|S-5K|S-24}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 96 x S-5K rockets
* 42 x S-3K rockets
* 6 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 4 x 500 kg FAB-500M-54 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 4 x 500 kg FAB-500M-54 bombs + 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (2,500 kg total)
* 4 x ZB-360 incendiary bombs
* 6 x S-24 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


;Arcade battles

The Su-7BMK can bomb bases, intercept bombers, and fight other fighter planes at the same time. You can easily catch up with the enemy because of the massive and powerful engine with its afterburner. However, keep an eye on the fuel; the afterburner burns a ton of fuel when active, so if you plan on actively using it, it would be to fill the fuel tank up to full. The plane also features a ballistic computer and two 30 mm autocannons, with excellent ammo selection, which can rip apart any plane you'll face in battle. The Su-7BMK can perform well in a 1-vs-1 scenario, but if it encounters multiple enemy planes, it will have problems (especially if your enemy is equipped with air-to-air missiles). The best strategy is to have a teammate close to you, so you will have some cover if things go wrong.

;Realistic battles

Dogfighting is not viable because of the poor turn rate; the enemy can out-turn you quickly and get behind you. The Su-7BMK is an interceptor/attacker with a slow roll rate. Because of the low ammo capacity of the guns (160 rounds), pilots should apply strict trigger discipline. The two 30 mm autocannons are potent and can quickly destroy most planes that the Su-7BMK fights. Remember to use short, controlled bursts since the ammo belts are short. Overall, the Su-7BMK should remain an interceptor and a base bomber. With its ballistic computer, pilots will obliterate ground targets and bases.

=== Radars ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | SRD-5 - Rangefinding radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 3,000 m || 300 m || ±9° || ±9°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High flight speed and rate of climb
* Retains energy very well
* The 4 x 500 kg + 2 x 250 kg bombload allows for efficient bombing
* Its speed lets you quickly reach bomb targets and return to base for rearming before enemies can get to you
* Radar Warning Receiver (stock)

'''Cons:'''

* Decreased manoeuvrability at high speeds
* Lacks guided weapons: neither AGMs nor AAMs are available
* Wings can be ripped apart if one isn't careful when diving on bomb targets
* No countermeasures
* Practically restricted to ground operations

== History ==


The Su-7BMK was a simplified export variant of the Su-7BM. The fighters were produced from 1967 to 1971 to more than 400 units and exported to Egypt, India, Algeria, North Korea, and Afghanistan. The Su-7BMK is identical to the Su-7BKL except for its landing gear, IFF system, and ballistic computer.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=su-7bmk Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Su-7 BMK WTWallpaper001.jpg|
File:Su-7 BMK WTWallpaper002.jpg|
File:Su-7 BMK WTWallpaper003.jpg|
File:Su-7 BMK WTWallpaper004.jpg|
File:Su-7 BMK WTWallpaper005.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Su-7 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7162-development-su-7bmk-from-russia-with-love-en|[Devblog] Su-7BMK: From Russia with Love]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/525888-su-7bmk/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Sukhoi}}
{{USSR jet aircraft}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

Vautour IIA IDF/AF

2023-04-21T18:08:09Z

U47136605: grammar

{{About
| about = premium jet bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Vautour (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=so_4050_vautour_2a_iaf
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Vautour_IIA_IDFAF.jpg|ArtImage_Vautour_IIA_IDFAF.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} French jet bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] as a [[wt:/en/news/6072-shop-update-1-87-pre-orders-en|premium pack]] in the Gaijin store and was removed from the store with the introduction of the [[Update "Winged Lions"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Vautour IIA IDF/AF has decent manoeuvrability for a bomber, but you shouldn't be turning with anything to begin with. Where this plane really shines is the acceleration owing to the two powerful engines in the underling nacelles and the heavy air frame, which makes it amazing in the vertical. But since you can't have everything, the wings will break in prolonged >7g manoeuvres. Essentially you don't want to do any insane manoeuvres and risk getting sent back to the hanger.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,093 || 1,091 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.6 || 33.2 || 43.0 || 41.1 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,106 || 1,100 || 31.4 || 32.0 || 62.7 || 52.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,166  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 584 || 564 || 463 || ~7 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 480 || < 620 || < 590 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | SNECMA Atar 101E3 || 2
| colspan="2" | 11,000 kg || colspan="2" | 316 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel
|-
| 950 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 11,974 kg || 13,388 kg || 14,213 kg || 21,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,293 kgf || N/A
| 0.55 || 0.49 || 0.46 || 0.31
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,595 kgf (1,100 km/h) || N/A
| 0.60 || 0.54 || 0.51 || 0.34
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 2 mm steel behind rearmost fuel tank
* 2 mm steel in the rear fuselage
* 3 mm steel surrounding the pilot
* 6 mm steel in front of pilot's controls
* 13.5 mm steel in front of pilot's controls
* 13.5 mm steel headrest
* 50 mm bulletproof in front of pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (4 in the fuselage, 1 in each wing)

The Vautour IIA IDF/AF can take quite a lot of punishment before going down due to the bomber's damage model.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 551 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 30 mm DEFA 551 cannons, nose-mounted (100 rpg = 400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|100/50 kg G.P. (100 kg)|250/50 kg G.P. (250 kg)|360/50 kg G.P. (360 kg)|500/50 kg G.P. (500 kg)}}
{{main|Shafrir|SNEB type 23|T10 140|T10 151}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* 10 x 100/50 kg G.P. bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 4 x Shafrir missiles
* 76 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 24 x T10 140 rockets
* 24 x T10 151 rockets
* 10 x 250/50 kg G.P. bombs (2,500 kg total)
* 10 x 360/50 kg G.P. bombs (3,600 kg total)
* 6 x 500/50 kg G.P. bombs (3,000 kg total)

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="9%" | 1 !! width="9%" | 2 !! width="9%" | 3 !! width="9%" | 4 !! width="9%" | 5
| rowspan="9" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_S.O.4050_Vautour_IIA.png]]</div>
|-
! 100/50 kg G.P. bombs
| 1 || 1 || 6 || 1 || 1
|-
! 250/50 kg G.P. bombs
| 1 || 1 || 6 || 1 || 1
|-
! 360/50 kg G.P. bombs
| 1 || 1 || 6 || 1 || 1
|-
! 500/50 kg G.P. bombs
| 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 1
|-
! SNEB type 23 rockets
| 19 || 19 || || 19 || 19
|-
! T10 140 rockets
| 6 || 6 || || 6 || 6
|-
! T10 151 rockets
| 6 || 6 || || 6 || 6
|-
! Shafrir missiles
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


# The usual "rush the base and run away" style that all Jet bombers can do and excel at. There's nothing wrong with this, but it's not where the Vautour excels.
# Ignore all the other payloads and load up on missiles. This arguably the more interesting way to play, but there are risks involved as well. i.e. having the whole enemy team pick the Vautour as a priority target.

If you take the missiles, here's how you want to play it:

Look for high altitude dots, these usually mean other jet bombers or the odd Tu-4. The missiles are not that effective at a range greater then 1 km. The farther that missiles are fired, the greater the chance of the locked-on enemy have in evading the missile. On the off hand that the first missile misses, the Vautour has four of them, so a follow-up shot is an encouraged option.

Once in a while, look around and support your team, especially the teammates that are engaging the enemy. If an ally has an enemy at their tail, work around towards the enemy's rear and fire off a missile to take care of them. This can be beneficial if a long chain of alternating enemy and ally fighters have got together, as each of them try to hit the fighter at their front and evade the fighter at their tail. If able to pounce on these chains, come in from the very rear and take out the very last enemy fighter in this chain. This will either cause the chain to break-up, potentially freeing up pressure on your allies, or the chain will continue without noticing the Vautour's presence. In the latter case, continue towards the next enemy and take them out one-by-one.

Once all missiles are expended, switch to the guns, which are powerful enough to take care of any enemies unfortunate to be in front of them. However, high-speeds will cause the controls to be less responsive, so fine-manoeuvring for these gun-runs may be difficult. If the gun pass misses, itch up and use the Vautour's amazing vertical energy retention to reset and try again. Usually the guns don't get much use as the missiles will completely overshadow them.

Overall, this plane destroys people who don't pay attention and or make bad plays. The most effective way to lock it down is to simply look back sporadically, just to make sure nothing's behind you.

;Enemies of note:

F-100's: These things will out speed you and outmanoeuvre you in the vertical. If one happens to latch onto your 6, drag him away from his friends and force him to overshoot. Then, assuming the reversal was successful, throw a missile at them. Most F-100 may not be aware that the Vautour has missiles, and so firing off a missile can destroy the F-100 while it is supersonic.

Vautours: The Vautour's great performance means its greatest enemy is going to be itself. Be especially wary on maps like Hokkaido, where there's thick cloud cover. They have a tendency to come out of nowhere, destroy you and retreat back into the cloud cover like some air-borne monster.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Normally able to reach bombing points before being intercepted
* Good top speed, able to keep up with fighters at its rank
* Good energy retention
* Versatile, has access to a wide range of ordnance including air-to-air missiles
* Great guns

'''Cons:'''

* Poor manoeuvrability
* Vulnerable to missiles, has difficulty dodging them
* Transonic and supersonic aircraft can easily match your speed
* Shafrir missiles are only slightly better than [[AIM-9B]]s
* Missiles have a very limited range, 2.5 km optimal range
* No bombing sight
* Unguided rockets are inaccurate

== History ==


The French Vautour twin-engine bomber had been produced in three variants between 1956 and 1959. In 1960, after four years in service, the French Armee de l'Air divested itself of its 25 surviving Vautour II-A single seat ground attack planes, along with its 40 II-B two-seater bombers, selling them to Israel, which kept them in service until the 1970s.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=so_4050_vautour_2a_iaf Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|7Ho-CPT_Krg|'''Should You Buy The Vautour IIA IDF?''' - ''Sako Sniper''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Yak-28B]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer SNCA SO}}
{{France jet aircraft}}
{{France premium aircraft}}

F-104A

2023-04-21T17:55:52Z

U47136605: grammar

{{About
| about = jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-104 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-104a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:F-104A in the sunset.jpg|alt=F-104 Starfighter breaks the soundbarrier at sunset with its afterburner roaring|thumb|A F-104A Starfighter breaks the sound barrier at sunset]]
The F-104s are generally very fast and the F-104A is no exception. Even when it is stock, the climb rate can be comparable to that of both the MiGs and the Phantoms. Its max speed of 2,079 km/h is just as good, if not better, than other top-tier jets. The acceleration of the F-104A is amazing so even when you are at low speeds it can quickly gain back the lost energy. However, the jet's manoeuvrability leaves much to be desired. Although it can out-turn other jets at its BR, it can only do so when it is going above Mach 1. At low speeds, any other top-tier jet can easily out-turn you.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,104 || 2,076 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.4 || 32.8 || 202.5 || 193.7 || rowspan="2" | 1,180
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,195 || 2,149 || 31.6 || 32.0 || 270.2 || 235.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,527  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 827 || 444 || ~13 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 720 || < 950 || < 800 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J79-GE-3B || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,112 kg || colspan="3" | 509 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel
|-
| 1,750 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 6,915 kg || 7,624 kg || 8,380 kg || 8,789 kg || 24,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,190 kgf || 6,571 kgf
| 0.95 || 0.86 || 0.78 || 0.75 || 0.27
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,190 kgf (0 km/h) || 8,584 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.24 || 1.13 || 1.02 || 0.98 || 0.36
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

There is no armour on the F-104A. Since the F-104A relies on high speed, it wouldn't need armour as that would reduce the speed and manoeuvrability of the plane. The F-104A is a very long plane and it is not very manoeuvrable, making it a large, easy target for enemy guns. As such, the only characteristic that should be relied upon for survivability is the plane's speed. It is very quick, and as such is hard to catch.

* No armour
* Self-sealing fuel tanks

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (750 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AIM-9B Sidewinder}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles

== Usage in battles ==

The F-104A is a high speed, high altitude fighter-bomber/interceptor. It performs well in high altitude flights meant to intercept fighters and mainly bombers at high altitudes. When the F-104A is fighting at low altitudes with a slower plane, the pilot should consider a hit and run technique to out-speed and return to the target to avoid getting shot back. If you need to turn, be sure to extend your combat flaps as they significantly decrease your turn time.

The F-104A has a decent stock turn time of 33 seconds which is the average or decent turn time of most supersonic jets at rank VI for Soviet jets. The F-104A will have difficulties when trying to hit an enemy less than 1 or 2 km away using the 20 mm M61 cannon since this cannon will take some time to warm-up before shooting and turn fights will also be difficult due to high speed manoeuvres causing an average 8 or more Gs rendering the pilot unconscious for most of the time.

Using the F-104A's M61 cannon against helicopters would be very easy since they're slow and most of the time are in constant direction and speed, while you are attacking from the side or back with speeds almost or higher than mach 1, the helicopter won't notice until you strafe at them.

Unfortunately, the AIM-9B sidewinder missiles the F-104A carries are lacking at its BR. Most other jets at top tier have much better air-to-air missiles which travel, lock and turn better than the AIM-9B. Therefore, they should only be used in situations where they cannot effectively turn or dodge, or don't know its coming.

The F-104A isn't carrying any flares, so you would have to rely on the planes decent manoeuvrability, and high speed, and maybe turn off the afterburner and maybe even the engine to reduce the incoming AAMs chance to hit the plane. Always remember the insane climb rate for the plane, this means you can also face the incoming AAM at the sun even when the sun is at a steep angle. This in turn would spend more fuel since you would need to use afterburners to efficiently climb at steep angles, out-running short-range anti-air missiles are tricky since some go mach 1.7, while others go mach 2.5, do not expect all missiles to be outrun.

=== Radars ===

The F-104A is equipped with an AN/ASG-14 search and tracking radar. The radar is mounted in the nose of the aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AN/ASG-14 - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 37,000 m (theoretical) || 15,000 m || ±45° || ±45°
|-
! colspan="4" | AN/ASG-14 - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 18,500 m || 150 m || ±10° || ±10°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great top speed
* Great rate of climb
* Good roll rate
* Decent high-speed manoeuvrability
* Powerful M61 Vulcan cannon with a very high fire rate, great ballistics and high damage

'''Cons:'''

* Very poor overall manoeuvrability and terrible low-speed manoeuvrability
* Bleeds energy quickly in sustained turnfights
* The cannon's high rate of fire requires trigger discipline
* Air-to-air missiles are weak compared to analogues of the rank
* No ground attack payloads whatsoever
* Lacks RWR or countermeasures

== History ==

The brainchild of famed Lockheed engineer Clarence "Kelly" Johnson, after having spoken to USAF pilots about their experience in the Korean Air War, the F-104 Starfighter was innovative in both its design and speed. Developed from the start as a daytime air-superiority fighter with speed in mind, the Starfighter began life at Lockheed's famous "Skunk Works" facility in 1952 to combat the Soviet's new age of supersonic jet fighters. The aircraft would incorporate the smallest airframe, combined with the most technologically advanced turbojet at the time, to create the base of what would become the F-104.

In 1953, the USAF showed interest in the project, and proposed an open contest with Lockheed and multiple other firms for a supersonic interceptor, based wholly on performance. Lockheed evidently won the contest and approval for two prototypes to be produced and, in February of 1954, took flight for the first time. Although it was slated to be fitted with the General Electric J79 turbofan, due to shortages of the engines the prototypes were mated to a license-built variant of the British Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire engine, called the Wright XJ65-W-6, until the initial power-plant was available. The aircraft however was not without its problems, resulting in a four-year long developmental period for the aircraft. By the end of it, 17 pre-production YF-104As had been built, tested, and used to iron out any problems that would be noticeable on the final F-104. In 1958, the F-104 would finally be available for deliveries featuring some differences from the initial prototypes in the form of a longer fuselage as well as the fitting of General Electric J79GE-3 engines putting out a whopping 14,800 lbs of thrust.

From the start the F-104A smashed records, taking the record as the first operational fighter in service to succeed Mach 2, as well as going on to take the records for both altitude and speed in both the F-104A and F-104C variants respectively. On May 7th, 1958, Maj. Howard C. Johnson, in his F-104A, set a new world altitude record at 91,243 feet, and 11 days later another aircraft set a new speed record at 1,403.19 mph. The altitude record was later bested by another variant of the aircraft, the F-104C, at a whopping altitude of 103,389 feet. In the 1950s, the aircraft had come to be exactly what the public had expected a fighter of this magnitude to look like. With a long, pencil shaped fuselage with short, sharp edged wings it encompassed the era of space flight and Sci-Fi with its design. The wings were one of the most unique parts of the aircraft, as well as its long fuselage taken up mostly by its large engine and fuel storage, and were only 4 inches and its thickest. Sweeping was only utilized on the leading edge, and a slight anhedral was in place to combat "Dutch Roll", a phenomenon where the aircraft rocks side-to-side uncontrollably. The wings, while helping with supersonic flight, were harmful to ground crews, and special equipment had to be issued to service these areas.

While having a history of accidents and high pilot attrition, the aircraft was fitted with an ejection seat. Due to the great speed of the aircraft at Mach 2, it was believed that the seat wouldn't have enough time to clear the tail section in an ejection scenario. Therefore, a downward firing ejection seat known as the Stanley C-1 was fitted into early models of the F-104. While a good idea, and in theory could work, the C-1 was also believed harmful in the case of a low-altitude ejection of the aircraft. After a failed introduction of the Stanley C-2 ejection seat, the problem was finally solved by the introduction of the Martin-Baker ejection system, particularly in foreign-operator's Starfighters. Roughly 153 F-104As were produced, with 26 more being F-104B two-seat variants. The F-104A spend a short time in USAF service before being send to Air National Guard (ANG) units, which some others being sent to foreign operators which had some success in their service. The first combat of the F-104 however wouldn't be seen until the Vietnam War, and while not having any kills to count was successful in keeping MiGs back and from intercepting friendly aircraft. The aircraft had a short service life in this theatre, only serving in 1965, and again from 1967-1969 until the introduction of the more-capable F-4 Phantom II by which it was replaced.

=== [[wt:en/news/6731-development-f-104-starfighter-the-manned-missile-en|Devblog]] ===
The development history of the F-104 Starfighter begins in 1951, when Lockheed's lead engineer visited US pilots in Korea. The feedback given to Johnson was clear - US planes were too large and complex and would often find themselves inferior to the much smaller and simpler Soviet MiG-15. On his return to the United States, Johnson assembled a team of engineers and started developing an aircraft that would address the concerns of the pilots.

The result of this undertaking was the F-104 Starfighter, whose first prototype, designated XF-104, first took to the skies on the 4th March 1954. Although both prototypes were lost during testing, the results delivered by the prototypes were promising enough for the USAF to accept the aircraft into service in November 1955.

Soon after entering production, the F-104 quickly also became a highly popular aircraft on the export market. West Germany was, alongside the United States, the primary operator of the Starfighter, owning over 900 F-104s in its air force at the peak of its service career. However, 13 other nations also employed the F-104 such as Canada, Italy, Japan, Spain, and many more.

The F-104 saw most of its combat service with the USAF, most notably taking part in the Vietnam War. Furthermore, the F-104 also saw combat during the Indo-Pakistani Wars in the mid '60s - early '70s while flying under Pakistani colors.

In the end, over 2,500 Starfighters would be built, with most being gradually decommissioned by the end of the Cold War. Italy was the last to decommission its F-104s in the early 2000s.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-104a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
Image:F-104A Starfighter Among the Stars.jpg|F104A Starfighter flying with a full afterburner on a clear starry night
Image:Take off in the f104A.png|F-104A taking off
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|QAA4S31Hbhw|'''The Shooting Range #202''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:30 discusses the F-104 Starfighter.|S9qfGHj1YcI|'''The Shooting Range #211''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:15 discusses the F-104 Starfighter.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[F-104 (Family)]]

== External links ==


=== References ===

;Bibliography

* Military Factory - Lockheed F-104 Starfighter: [https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=113 website]
* Winchester, Jim - American Military Aircraft: A Century of Innovation - p.238-239 - 1, October 2017: [https://www.amazon.com/American-Military-Aircraft-Innovation-Aviation/dp/1782743197 website]

{{AirManufacturer Lockheed}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

Challenger

2021-02-04T18:00:07Z

U47136605:

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''A30 Challenger'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Challenger (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_a30_challenger
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]] alongside the rest of the British Ground Forces Tree. Taking the outdated Cromwell chassis, extending it and adding a new turret, it gave life to this improved variant with the much powerful 17-pounder anti-tank gun.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 63.5 mm (1°) ''Front plate'' 30 mm (73°) ''Front glacis'' 57.15 mm (19-35°) ''Joint plate'' 25 mm (65°) ''Lower glacis'' || 29-50.8 mm ''Top hull'' 14 + 14 mm ''Lower Hull'' || 51 mm ''Turret base'' 38 mm ''Top hull'' 38 mm (19°), 20 mm (57°) ''Lower Hull'' || 20 mm ''Front'' 14 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Turret || 63-102 mm (0-1°) ''Turret front'' 102 mm (4-12°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 40 mm || 40 mm (1°) || 20 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, suspension bars are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* 5 mm RHA plates between the engine compartment and crew, as well as separating driver from turret and ammunition.
* Lower side hulls are spaced with the suspension springs lined up in between.
* A 25 mm RHA bar line up in front of the turret to protect the turret ring.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=930|rbMinHp=531}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|QF 17-pounder (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QF 17-pounder (76 mm)|76 mm QF 17-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 48 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 31.4 || 43.5 || 52.8 || 58.4 || 62.1 || rowspan="2" | 6.63 || rowspan="2" | 5.87 || rowspan="2" | 5.41 || rowspan="2" | 5.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 19.6 || 23.1 || 28.1 || 31.0 || 33.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Shot Mk.6:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} - Standard penetrating round, use until better rounds are unlocked.
* '''Shell Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|HE|High-explosive}} - It is ideal for destroying SPAA and lightly armoured tanks, but useless against anything else.
* '''Shot Mk.4:''' {{Annotation|APC|Armour-piercing capped}} - Cap for better grip against sloped armour.
* '''Shot Mk.8:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Like Shot Mk.4 but with a ballistic cap for improved flight path, as well as better penetration.
* '''Shot SV Mk.1:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}} - Highest armour penetration of any shot, but has worse spalling effect.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 171 || 168 || 155 || 139 || 126 || 113
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 190 || 187 || 172 || 155 || 140 || 126
|-
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 228 || 226 || 207 || 189 || 159 || 134
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 883 || 6.98 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 883 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot SV Mk.1 || APDS || 1,203 || 1.73 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| 17pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 229 || 8.44 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''48''' || 37 ''(+11)'' || 25 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+47)'' || Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 25 ''(+23)''

==== Optics ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! Which ones
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| x3 || x6
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | [[VFW]]
|-
|}

Uses now default x6 scope of the British. As of rank III, this scope is slightly or moderately superior to most medium and heavy tanks, but do not expect to outsnipe German SPG as they have same optics or even better.

With Challenger being on the edge in between rank III and IV it is possible to get into rank IV battle with full up-tier. In that case, the tank optics are no longer superior to most opponents.

In particular, do not let Japanese medium tanks [[ST-A1]] get an upper hand at all costs, as they have optics eclipsing these of Challenger at long ranges and might as well snipe Challenger from 2 km away, if they have accuracy modifications.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,750 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

This tank has a high penetration gun (with APDS), great manoeuvrability, and good speed. However, it has extremely weak armour, terrible reverse, and quite a high profile. As such it requires some skill to use. It excels as a sniper or an ambushing tank destroyer, waiting for the enemy to come into its sights and firing from a point of advantage. It is also a good flanker due to its speed and maneuverability, getting around the enemy and hitting them from the side or back.

Do not attempt to brawl or use this vehicle as a front line tank. The Challenger cannot afford to take even a single hit from enemy tanks, and it will be up against German 88 mm and Russian 85/122 mm guns which will easily take it out in one shot. The poor reverse speed also makes hit and run tactics a bad choice.

When in its stock form, this tank will be quite frustrating to play. The stock AP round bounces often and does very little damage, it is also quite hard to aim at range. The first aim upon getting this tank should be to unlock APDS as soon as possible. With this round, the Challenger can easily penetrate most of the tanks that it faces. Hitting ammo racks often equals a detonation and it performs well at long range.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Armed with the 17-pounder with APDS rounds available.
* The Challenger has the fastest reload speed from all tanks armed with the 17-pounder.
* Able to deal a lot of damage in a very short amount of time.
* Fast tank that is capable of reaching 50km/h on even ground.
* Fast turret traverse.
* Wide gun depression and elevation.
* Plays similarly to the Comet I and Avenger, albeit with a higher profile and less armour on the turret.
* Turret armour is still about 102 mm thick in certain areas.
* Ammo is stored in a strategic location, lowering the risk of ammo detonation.
* Very low risk of fire due to rear mounted transmission and fuel tanks.

'''Cons:'''

* Paper thin hull armour (glass cannon).
* No explosive filler in any AP shells.
* APDS shot causes only punctual damage (aim carefully).
* Turret is very tall compared to hull profile, making it hard to hide behind obstacles.
* Suffers from an awful reverse speed.
* Four man in the turret, an APHE shot will disable the tank for good.
* The Challenger requires a very high skill cap to perform adequately.
* Traversing the hull, especially on sloped angles, might be hard due to its long hull

== History ==

===Development===
The development of the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] tank due to the implementation of the Rolls-Royce Meteor engine helped Roy Robotham from Rolls to become the Minstry of Supply on the Tank Board, despite his lack of experience around the development of tanks. With the Cromwell in service with the British military, attempts were made to upgrade the armament on the tank from its 6-pounder and 75 mm gun. The first attempt was by Vickers with a "high-velocity" 75 mm gun, but the Cromwell turret ring proved too small for the adaption. While these attempts were made to upgun the Cromwell, improved tanks to replace the Cromwell was underway as the [[Comet I|Comet]] and the [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] tank. The General Staff specification for a 17-pounder armed cruiser tank was A29, but this was changed to A30 for any 17-pounder tank. The first order for such a tank came in 1942 to the Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon Company to build the 17-pounder tank from the components of the A27M Cromwell tank. While responsibility of the turret and gun mounting went to Stothert & Pitt, Birmingham was responsible for modifying the Cromwell hull for the new turret.

The resulting tank from the design team was completed in 1942. Compared to the Cromwell, the hull machine gun was removed for more stowage space for the longer 17-pounder ammunition. However, the stowage location and ammo size facilitated the need for two loaders in the tank to keep the firing rate stable. A larger turret was needed for this requirement, the larger turret thus caused the Cromwell hull to be lengthened with another road wheel on the suspension, but the track width was not modified to fit this so the tank's mobility was reduced. The total armour is reduced to save on weight, especially the turret area, which gave the crew inside the turret a sense of vulnerability. The turret ring of the turret was unprotected and was thus given a jacking feature to clear any jams that forms from combat situations.

The tank, named the '''A30 Challenger''', was tested at Lulworth and was criticized for having a slow firing rate and thin armour, but its long range effectiveness against German tanks was satisfactory. An order for 200 Challengers was made in February 1943. The order was finished, but it was announced that no more were to be ordered on November the same year.

===Combat usage===
The Challenger was criticized and generally unpopular in its service, the crews complain that the tank throws its track, the armour was too thin, and the profile was too tall. The Challenger had no provisions for deep wading and was thus unable to participate during the D-day landings during Operation Overlord, thus the Challenger deployment was delayed until the artificial mulberry harbors and ports were captured before able to be delivered.

Though the Challenger saw some modifications to fix the track throwing issue, it was found that the equipping of the 17-pounder onto the American [[M4|M4 Sherman]] tank into the [[Sherman Firefly|Firefly]] was faster and easier than the production of the Challenger, thus production lines were stopped after the initial orders. Both tanks saw use in the same role in the British tank forces, accompanying the tank squadrons into enemy territory and firing at enemy armour from a long distance. The Challenger saw more use with Cromwell units due to interchangeability in parts. Some perks of the Challenger was its speed and agility compared to the Firefly, but the vehicle's initial bad reputation still struggled due to the low number produced in the war.

An attempt to improve on the Challenger was the [[Avenger|A30 SP Avenger]], which used a different open-topped turret to save weight on the tank design. However, due to priorities on the [[Comet I|Comet]] tank in the Vauxhall Motors plant, they were not being built until 1945 and weren't used until after the war in Europe is over. 250 unit were built and formed part of the British Army of the Rhine stationed in Germany after the war.

The Challenger saw use with other Allied forces as well, with the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade using the tank during the assault on Dunkirk and the 1st Polish Armoured Division receiving them by mid-1945. After the war, Czechoslovakia wanted to buy 22 Challengers to equip its army, which it did until 1959.

===Survivors===
Two Challenger survive in intact condition today. One is at the Overloon War Museum in the Netherlands and the other is currently in storage at the Isle of Wight Military Museum to be restored, when it will then be displayed at the Bovington Tank Museum.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_a30_challenger Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|geVC8UNdmBM|'''Spade Review, A30 {{PAGENAME}}. Giving it my all!''' - ''Joseph 2000''|rpvKhy22Erc|'''The Shooting Range #85''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:33 discusses the A30 {{PAGENAME}}.|My_9I21oaHY|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Left Behind''' - ''Oxy''|sKC3cBuViRE|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}

== See also ==


* [[Avenger]] - Tank destroyer spin-off also using the Cromwell chassis to carry the 17-pdr.

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/852/|[Devblog] A34 Comet I and A30 Challenger]]

{{Britain medium tanks}}

Pz.Kpfw. Churchill (Germany)

2019-12-01T18:37:53Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_infanterie_kampfpanzer_churchill}}

== Description ==

The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} premium German heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. This vehicle was introduced in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]].

The Pz.Kpfw. Churchill is a German captured [[Churchill Mk III]] in the German tech tree. It has virtually no differences to its British tech-tree counterpart, other than being painted grey (with the same tone as the Panzer IV and Panzer III).

The Pz.Kpfw. Churchill is one of the best heavy tanks in rank III, sporting heavy frontal armour, a 6 pounder gun that is suitable for its rank, and 30 smoke grenades that are fired separately from the roof, great for covering great areas with smoke. The Churchill also has great gun depression and turret traverse, meaning it can fire at different targets very efficiently.

This vehicle has a few weaknesses which are important to be aware of before charging into battle. First is its low acceleration with a maximum speed of only 24.9 km/h, so it’s merely jogging speed as opposed to charging. The tank is also very bulky, difficult to manoeuvre, and a large target. Combine those weaknesses with thin roof armour, and this tank becomes the perfect prey for fighter-bombers and rocket attacks. The side armour is not as strong as it’s frontal armour, meaning it is vulnerable to flanking.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


There are very few enemies which can successfully penetrate the Churchill, the [[M10 GMC|M10]] and the [[Achilles]] can quickly take care of this vehicle even at long ranges! Other tanks like the [[Jagdpanzer IV]], the [[Jagdpanzer 38(t)]], and the [[Dicker Max]] can also make quick work of the Churchill, but only in arcade battles, as in realistic battles, they all belong in the same tree.

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

=== Additional armament ===
''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Machine guns ===
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

== Usage in battles ==

Like its British counterpart, the Churchill can be used as a very efficient brawler with its excellent turret traverse and gun depression, and heavy frontal armour. Though in urban environments, you should be careful in case someone tries to flank your weak side and rear armour.

If you are not in an up-tiered situation, you can effectively enter a battle and absorb all the enemy rounds which could’ve been fired at your weaker teammates and either engage the enemy with your 57 mm cannon or let your teammates return fire. Companion vehicles such as the [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IV F2]], "[[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.|Flakbus]]" and other German vehicles possess superior firepower compared to the other country vehicles in rank III (Except for other special TD’s, such as the American [[M10 GMC|M10]] and British [[Achilles]]) and can in most cases hold their own.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Long, tough hull is easily angled
* 90 mm turret armour is effective at medium & long range
* Large tracks can absorb shells fired at the side
* Fast turret traverse; easy to engage people without turning
* 57 mm gun reloads quickly with good penetration
* Premium tank earns more rewards after a match
* Fewer enemies that can kill you in RB and SB, as you are in the German tree
* Slow speed makes it easy to hit enemies after a shortstop
* 30 individually fired smoke grenades, great for covering points and areas with smoke

'''Cons:'''

* Large target; easily spotted by bombers/fighter-bombers
* Very poor speed, both forward and backward
* Unangled armour fares poorly at close ranges
* Lack of camouflage; only Urban grey and Winter
* Machine gun port is only 50 mm
* Roof armour is very thin
* Engine mostly affected when hit from the side or turret
* Large tracks are vulnerable to damage

== History ==

The German military first encountered the [[Churchill (Family)|Churchill]] tank in August of 1942, following the disastrous Dieppe raid made by British and Canadian military elements. On August 8th, the Churchill Mk IV made its debut, as almost 60 of them had been allocated to assist the 6,000 British and Canadian troops raiding the beach. Of those, only the first 30 were deployed, and of those 30, one became trapped in its damaged landing craft, another two sank, and 11 were disabled by indirect fire and rough terrain. Despite the losses, this was the first successful use of heavy tanks in amphibious landings. In the chaotic evacuation that followed, the tanks that had deployed and survived the raid were unable to be recovered by the British and were abandoned. They, along with many other examples of British equipment, were captured by the Germans.

These tanks were later evaluated by the Germans. Though none were damaged by direct anti-tank fire, the Germans had come to the conclusion that the tanks were virtually obsolete, too underpowered and lacking proper firepower. Two of the twenty-nine tanks captured at Dieppe were used as ''Beutepanzers'' and saw service with the German military, repainted into the German standard gray coloration and marked with prominent Iron Crosses on the sides of the turret. The rest of the captured Churchills were repurpoused for secondary combat roles, destroyed, or taken apart, with their turrets being used as improvised beach defenses at Dieppe after the raid.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany heavy tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

I-16 type 27

2019-11-28T04:25:56Z

U47136605: /* Usage in battles */ quick grammar fix

{{Specs-Card|code=i-16_type27}}
{{About
| about = Russian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = I-16 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.39]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 442 || 425 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.3 || 17.9 || 13.8 || 13.8 || 272
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 490 || 463 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.1 || 16.5 || 23.6 || 18 || 272
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || N/A || ~16 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 330 || < 320 || < 340 || > 190
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,530 m || 850 hp || 1,020 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,200 m || 800 hp || 960 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, wing-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, nose-mounted (650 rpg = 1,300 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|FAB-50 (50 kg)|FAB-100 (100 kg)|RS-82|RBS-82}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100 bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 50 kg FAB-50 bombs (100 kg total)
* 6 x RS-82 rockets
* 6 x RBS-82 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


The key to success in this aircraft is by using its excellent turn and roll rate to eliminate enemies in a turn fight. Make sure to notice that this plane doesn't have that good of a climb rate. To be effective, climb in a 15 degrees angle at the start of the match, fly at around 3,000 m - 4,000 m, pretend yourself as a slow target for the enemies above you. If you spot someone diving on you, break and dodge his shots and try to drag him into a dogfight; you can out-turn most of the enemies in this tier.

Remember to always avoid head-ons when playing this aircraft - it's super fragile, you can often get one shot by the heavy-armed aircraft at this BR, such as the Bf 109 E-4 and P-40 variants. Due to the lack of engine horse-power at high altitude, always try to engage enemy aircraft below 4,000 m, and DO NOT toggle flaps over 200 kph, because they will typically rip off at those speeds.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Combined || rowspan="2" | Controllable 2 gears || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
| DZ-40
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
| RO-82
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 20 mm cannons
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Highly manoeuvrable, comparable and possibly better than Spitfires and Zeros
* Small profile makes it difficult to hit
* Excellent roll rate
* Air burst rockets allow for another means of attack and are good for taking out bombers

'''Cons:'''

* Poor climb rate
* Engine overheats easily
* Fragile and easy to destroy
* Uses early ShVAKs that have a lot of poor quality HEF-I rounds

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
A single-seat cantilever monoplane with a composite construction and retractable landing gear.

The I-16 Type 27 is a variation of the I-16 Type 18 fighter equipped with an M-62 engine and the same wing-mounted cannon armament as on the I-16 Type 17, which was created based on the I-16 Type 10 in the same way.

The I-16 Type 27 was powered by the 9-cylinder air-cooled Shvetsov M-62 radial engine with a rated output of 800 hp. The engine possessed a double-speed central-drive supercharger which increased its altitude limit. The plane was equipped with the AV-1 variable-pitch propeller with a larger propeller spinner.

One important alteration was the installation of a rubber self-sealing cover on the fuel tank. This prevented fuel leaks caused by small arms fire.

The I-16 Type 27's armament consisted of two 20 mm rapid-firing Shpitalny-Vladimirov ShVAK aviation cannons with 150 shells each. The cannons were located in the wing's central section outside the propeller interference zone. The fuselage housed a portion of the cannons' ammunition. The cannons were fed by tubes located behind the fuselage's first former and running across the central wing section along a forward longeron.

Two more synchronized ShKAS cannons were installed under nacelles in the fuselage above the engine. They had 650 rounds each.

The new cannons led to an increase in the airplane's weight and a corresponding reduction in its flight characteristics. For this reason, although the I-16 Type 27 was capable of aerial combat, it was mainly used to attack ground targets or as an interceptor.

The I-16 Type 27 was produced in small numbers in 1939. Only 59 were built in total. It saw limited use in the first stage of the Great Patriotic War, primarily as an attack aircraft.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR fighters}}

Ju 87 D-3

2019-11-19T03:19:22Z

U47136605: adding back previous edits made by HazmatCat which I accidentally removed when making my edit (slightly rewording them, also)

{{Specs-Card|code=ju-87d-3}}
{{About
| about = German dive bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the Italian version
| link-1 = Ju 87 D-3 (Italy)
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Ju 87 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Ju87D3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German dive bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Ju 87 D3 is not very fast for its battle rating. However, it is decently fast in a dive. The Ju 87 is fairly durable as well, taking a decent amount of 7.7 mm and 12.7 mm fire before being fully disabled, but this doesn't mean you should fly in a straight line. This dive bomber has a very low stall speed and is very manoeuvrable at lower speeds giving it an edge in a dive bomb run or a turn fight. The offensive and defensive armaments are a bit underwhelming, but given the chance, it can still take down planes. In a dive attack on tank columns, it can deploy air brakes so you don't slam into the ground.

Its armament consists of 2 x MG 17s mounted in the wings, very good for killing soft ground targets like armoured cars and AA, and has a good bomb load for destroying medium tanks, pillboxes, destroyers and bases easily. Its defensive turret consists of two fast-firing MG 81s but they are not enough to shoot down planes reliably.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 369 || 357 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.4 || 33.9 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 513
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 402 || 385 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.7 || 31.0 || 7.3 || 4.2 || 513
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 500 || ~12 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 270 || < 270 || < 350 || > 325
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,000 m || 1,180 hp || 1,390 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, wing-mounted (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|SC250JA (250 kg)|SC500K (500 kg)|SC1000L2 (1,000 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 1 x 250 kg SC250JA bomb (250 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg SC250JA bomb + 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (450 kg total)
* 3 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (750 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg SC500K bomb (500 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg SC500K bomb + 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (700 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg SC500K bomb + 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg SC500K bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb (1,000 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb + 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (1,200 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb + 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (1,500 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|MG 81 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 81 machine guns, dorsal turret (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

=== Arcade Battles ===
In Arcade Battles you should concentrate on killing tanks and pillboxes first (if any) with your bombs, and use your offensive machine guns to kill soft targets like armoured cars, artillery, howitzers and AA. In this mode, you won't need your air brakes since you can't break your wings and it's easy to pull up from a fast dive attack, and it's recommended that you keep as much of your speed up from the dives as possible so you are harder to intercept by enemy aircraft.

Because of its low speed, permanent landing gear and reasonable durability, the Ju 87 D-3 quite good for capturing airfields in the Arcade "Domination" mode.

=== Realistic Battles ===
In Realistic Battles, you should keep your altitude, and look for tank columns to attack (ground targets as far from the battlefield or enemy airfield as possible are recommended, so that you are less likely to be intercepted). Once you are right over your intended target, set your throttle to 0% and point your nose at the tank you want to destroy (since you have no bombsight, there will not be a bomb-drop indicator like in Arcade, and you will have to guess where the bombs will land). Once you are nearing your target, you will have to deploy your air-brakes or you won't be able to pull up at high speeds. You can tell when you are reaching a high speed with the sounds that the air and wings make. Once you drop your bomb(s) point your nose up to pull up. At this point, you can use your offensive armament to kill soft targets like AA, engage enemy fighters that are nearby (which is very likely), or head back to the airfield to rearm for another run.

Dog-fighting in RB with the Ju 87 is a very difficult task if the enemy knows your advantages and disadvantages and uses them to his advantage. Head-on attacks are very much not recommended, as the Ju 87's relatively weak armament severely lowers its chances of succeeding or surviving. Instead, stay low and slow in a combat situation with enemy aircraft (because of the Ju 87's control stiffening at high speeds) and try to trick the enemy into a turn fight. If he falls for your turn fight, you should end up on his 6 o'clock in 3-5 turns on most enemies, depending on the turn rate of the enemy plane. If he doesn't fall for your turn fight, you are most likely going to go down... this plane is not a fighter plane.

When returning to base, landing and takeoff is simple, and use of the air brakes will help if you come in too fast to land.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
| ETC 50/IV
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
| ETC 250/II
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Turret 7 mm
| ETC 500/III
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
| ETC 1000/I
|-
|}

* It is recommended to research the radiator first, as it gives slight performance improvement and helps with engine overheating. Next, the offensive 7.92 mm belts, after that, you can unlock tier 2 modifications. Performance upgrades will also help greatly in the Ju 87 line.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Best bomb load for the Ju 87 series
* More powerful engine than the previous Ju 87 models
* Extremely helpful in ground forces battles
* Easy landing and takeoff
* Low-speed manoeuvrability
* Precision bombing accuracy, has air brakes
* Good ammunition amount for the 7.92 mm machine guns
* Decent defensive armament
* Can perform both level and dive bombing equally
* Well armoured
* Dive siren removed, like the R-2 model
* Lower profile cockpit and no more large radiator below the engine
* Very high rate of fire for defensive armament

'''Cons:'''

* Very slow compared to what it will face
* Poor climb rate
* Truly helpless against higher BR fighters
* No bomb-sight, but with enough flight hours, precision bombing can be easily mastered
* Defensive armament is inadequate against well armoured and well-coordinated foes
* SPAA will rip you apart if not careful
*Poor stock performance
*No suspended armament, unlike the D-5 model

== History ==

During the Battle of Britain, the Ju 87 was shown to be outclassed and outdated by modern allied aircraft, but with no replacement in sight, a new modification of Ju 87 was developed. The new Ju 87 designated D-1 was fitted with a more powerful Jumo 211 engine and a more aerodynamic airframe. In addition, more armour was added for protection and a better defensive armament of dual 7.92 mm machine guns. The payload was almost 4 times as much as the Ju 87 R-2 with 1,800 kg max bomb load. The fuel capacity was increased as well and had the ability to carry drop tanks, too. The D-3 version had improved armour from the D-1 for ground attack.

From May 1941 to March 1942 Ju 87 Ds were delivered to front-line units. In total 1559 Ju 87 D3s where built.

The Ju 87 D was used extensively on the Eastern Front and in North Africa. The Ju 87 was very effective at destroying Soviet counterattacks, disrupting supply-lines, and in one case on July 5, when StG 77 knocked out 15 trains and 500 vehicles. But everything has to come to an end, the Ju 87 had enjoyed superiority in the early war, but as the war progressed and the Soviet air force grew more effective and obtained better aircraft, the Ju 87 was made obsolete.

=== In-game description ===
The Junkers Ju 87 Stuka was a single-engine dive bomber and attack aircraft of the WWII era. The most famous Stuka pilot of the war was Hans-Ulrich Rudel, the most highly decorated Luftwaffe pilot in history. Despite its slow speed and mediocre aerodynamics (the landing gear was fixed), the Stuka was one of the most effective Luftwaffe aircraft early in the war due to its pin-point accuracy in a dive. The Ju-87 remains one of the most recognizable symbols of the Blitzkrieg.

The Ju 87 D-3, a ground attack variant that still retained dive brakes, had improved armor. The pilot received some armor in the canopy, 8mm armored sheets were placed on the fuselage, and some examples even had armored sliding panels in the canopy. Additional armor was also installed around the rear gunner’s position. The new GSL-K 81Z turret had improved coverage. However, most aircrews thought that the gunner seat was less successful than that of the 'Bertha', the Ju 87 B.

The D variant also received a 5mm armor plating under the oil radiator and additional armor around the fuselage fuel tanks. For a ground attack aircraft, the Ju 87 D’s armament was rather weak, the D-3 variant having nothing but twin 7.92mm MG 17s in the wings, and the D-5 upgraded to twin 20mm MG 151/20 cannon. Acting in a ground attack role, the Stuka most often used special containers containing 92 fragmentation SC 2 bombs, which were ineffective against armored targets. In addition, much larger bombs were also used, weighing 250 or 500 kg.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany bombers}}

Ju 87 D-3

2019-11-19T03:16:25Z

U47136605: Formatting to Usage in Battles

{{Specs-Card|code=ju-87d-3}}
{{About
| about = German dive bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the Italian version
| link-1 = Ju 87 D-3 (Italy)
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Ju 87 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Ju87D3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German dive bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Ju 87 D3 is not very fast for its battle rating. However, it is decently fast in a dive. The Ju 87 is fairly durable as well, taking a decent amount of 7.7 mm and 12.7 mm fire before being fully disabled, but this doesn't mean you should fly in a straight line. This dive bomber has a very low stall speed and is very manoeuvrable at lower speeds giving it an edge in a dive bomb run or a turn fight. The offensive and defensive armaments are a bit underwhelming, but given the chance, it can still take down planes. In a dive attack on tank columns, it can deploy air brakes so you don't slam into the ground.

Its armament consists of 2 x MG 17s mounted in the wings, very good for killing soft ground targets like armoured cars and AA, and has a good bomb load for destroying medium tanks, pillboxes, destroyers and bases easily. Its defensive turret consists of two fast-firing MG 81s but they are not enough to shoot down planes reliably.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 369 || 357 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 32.4 || 33.9 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 513
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 402 || 385 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.7 || 31.0 || 7.3 || 4.2 || 513
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 500 || ~12 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 270 || < 270 || < 350 || > 325
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,000 m || 1,180 hp || 1,390 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, wing-mounted (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|SC250JA (250 kg)|SC500K (500 kg)|SC1000L2 (1,000 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 1 x 250 kg SC250JA bomb (250 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg SC250JA bomb + 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (450 kg total)
* 3 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (750 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg SC500K bomb (500 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg SC500K bomb + 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (700 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg SC500K bomb + 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg SC500K bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb (1,000 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb + 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (1,200 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb + 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (1,500 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|MG 81 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 81 machine guns, dorsal turret (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

=== Arcade Battles ===
In Arcade Battles you should concentrate on killing tanks and pillboxes first (if any) with your bombs, and use your offensive machine guns to kill soft targets like armoured cars, artillery, howitzers and AA. In this mode, you won't need your air brakes since you can't break your wings and it's easy to pull up from a fast dive attack, and it's recommended that you keep as much of your speed up from the dives as possible so you are harder to intercept by enemy aircraft.

Because of its low speed, permanent landing gear and reasonable durability, the Ju 87 D-3 quite good for capturing airfields in the Arcade "Domination" mode.

=== Realistic Battles ===
In Realistic Battles, you should keep your altitude, and look for tank columns to attack (ground targets as far from the battlefield or enemy airfield as possible are recommended, so that you are less likely to be intercepted). Once you are right over your intended target, set your throttle to 0% and point your nose at the tank you want to destroy (since you have no bombsight, there will not be a bomb-drop indicator like in Arcade, and you will have to guess where the bombs will land). Once you are nearing your target, you will have to deploy your air-brakes or you won't be able to pull up at high speeds. You can tell when you are reaching a high speed with the sounds that the air and wings make. Once you drop your bomb(s) point your nose up to pull up. At this point, you can use your offensive armament to kill soft targets like AA, engage enemy fighters that are nearby (which is very likely), or head back to the airfield to rearm for another run.

Dog-fighting in RB with the Ju 87 is a very difficult task if the enemy knows your advantages and disadvantages and uses them to his advantage. Head-on attacks are very much not recommended, as the Ju 87's relatively weak armament severely lowers its chances of succeeding or surviving. Instead, stay low and slow in a combat situation with enemy aircraft (because of the Ju 87's control stiffening at high speeds) and try to trick the enemy into a turn fight. If he falls for your turn fight, you should end up on his 6 o'clock in 3-5 turns on most enemies, depending on the turn rate of the enemy plane. If he doesn't fall for your turn fight, you are most likely going to go down... this plane is not a fighter plane.

When returning to base, landing and takeoff is simple, and use of the air brakes will help if you come in too fast to land.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
| ETC 50/IV
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
| ETC 250/II
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Turret 7 mm
| ETC 500/III
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
| ETC 1000/I
|-
|}

* It is recommended to research the radiator first, as it gives slight performance improvement and helps with engine overheating. Next, the offensive 7.92 mm belts, after that, you can unlock tier 2 modifications. Performance upgrades will also help greatly in the Ju 87 line.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Best bomb load for the Ju 87 series
* More powerful engine than the previous Ju 87 models
* Extremely helpful in ground forces battles
* Easy landing and takeoff
* Low-speed manoeuvrability
* Precision bombing accuracy, has air brakes
* Good ammunition amount for the 7.92 mm machine guns
* Decent defensive armament
* Can perform both level and dive bombing equally
* Well armoured
* Dive siren removed
* Lower profile cockpit and no more large radiator below the engine
* Very high rate of fire for defensive armament

'''Cons:'''

* Very slow compared to what it will face
* Poor climb rate
* Truly helpless against higher BR fighters
* No bomb-sight, but with enough flight hours, precision bombing can be easily mastered
* Defensive armament is inadequate against well armoured and well-coordinated foes
* SPAA will rip you apart if not careful

== History ==

During the Battle of Britain, the Ju 87 was shown to be outclassed and outdated by modern allied aircraft, but with no replacement in sight, a new modification of Ju 87 was developed. The new Ju 87 designated D-1 was fitted with a more powerful Jumo 211 engine and a more aerodynamic airframe. In addition, more armour was added for protection and a better defensive armament of dual 7.92 mm machine guns. The payload was almost 4 times as much as the Ju 87 R-2 with 1,800 kg max bomb load. The fuel capacity was increased as well and had the ability to carry drop tanks, too. The D-3 version had improved armour from the D-1 for ground attack.

From May 1941 to March 1942 Ju 87 Ds were delivered to front-line units. In total 1559 Ju 87 D3s where built.

The Ju 87 D was used extensively on the Eastern Front and in North Africa. The Ju 87 was very effective at destroying Soviet counterattacks, disrupting supply-lines, and in one case on July 5, when StG 77 knocked out 15 trains and 500 vehicles. But everything has to come to an end, the Ju 87 had enjoyed superiority in the early war, but as the war progressed and the Soviet air force grew more effective and obtained better aircraft, the Ju 87 was made obsolete.

=== In-game description ===
The Junkers Ju 87 Stuka was a single-engine dive bomber and attack aircraft of the WWII era. The most famous Stuka pilot of the war was Hans-Ulrich Rudel, the most highly decorated Luftwaffe pilot in history. Despite its slow speed and mediocre aerodynamics (the landing gear was fixed), the Stuka was one of the most effective Luftwaffe aircraft early in the war due to its pin-point accuracy in a dive. The Ju-87 remains one of the most recognizable symbols of the Blitzkrieg.

The Ju 87 D-3, a ground attack variant that still retained dive brakes, had improved armor. The pilot received some armor in the canopy, 8mm armored sheets were placed on the fuselage, and some examples even had armored sliding panels in the canopy. Additional armor was also installed around the rear gunner’s position. The new GSL-K 81Z turret had improved coverage. However, most aircrews thought that the gunner seat was less successful than that of the 'Bertha', the Ju 87 B.

The D variant also received a 5mm armor plating under the oil radiator and additional armor around the fuselage fuel tanks. For a ground attack aircraft, the Ju 87 D’s armament was rather weak, the D-3 variant having nothing but twin 7.92mm MG 17s in the wings, and the D-5 upgraded to twin 20mm MG 151/20 cannon. Acting in a ground attack role, the Stuka most often used special containers containing 92 fragmentation SC 2 bombs, which were ineffective against armored targets. In addition, much larger bombs were also used, weighing 250 or 500 kg.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany bombers}}

Me 262 A-1a

2019-11-18T21:34:18Z

U47136605: grammar / readability in description

{{Specs-Card|code=me-262a-1a}}
{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Me 262 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage Me262A1a.jpg ‎|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This jet fighter has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

[[File:Me262 intercepting B-29.png|thumbnail|left|The Schwalbe in its interceptor role. [http://live.warthunder.com/post/36378/ Historic camouflage] of the 2./KG51 'Edelweiß']]
This aircraft is a true heavy fighter in every way. Thus, the following is guaranteed: bomber "box formations" fall apart under your heavy rocket bombardments, flying fortresses perish within seconds by this machine's mighty claws, and the unusually low velocity of the German "sledgehammer" MK 108 cannons this aircraft wields will probably drive you insane.

The MK 108 has insane damage potential. With the second greatest in-game burst mass of 14.52 kg/s (32.01 lbs/s) and the great explosive warhead "Minengeschoss" (mine-shell), this weapon will vaporize aircraft, especially bombers. But every coin has a flip side and the "Sledgehammer" is no exception. The amazing rate of fire is exchanged with a very short barrel and small propellant charges, resulting in very bad ballistics. The MK 108 cannon fires the slowest shells with the greatest bullet drop in the game. Thus, the MK 108 makes no compromises, only excelling in the "extremes".

As you might guess, the MK 108 is a very bad anti-fighter weapon particularly in a jet to jet combat. Bullet drop and slow velocity result in a severe difficulty leading shots at ranges above 300 meters (350 yds). In dogfights where both aircraft are constantly turning and changing direction, this trait gets even worse. The high speeds of jet battle push the necessary lead for hitting the target farther in front of the enemy. Training with this weapon system in a custom battle against random enemies is heavily advised.

The MK 108 cannons have an ammo indicator in the cockpit, which is typical for Luftwaffe aircraft. It sits directly beneath the compass (the one with the little plane in the middle). The left white column is for the two top auto-cannons. The right one is for the bottom two cannons; this bar is also taller than the left one as the ammo count is different for the two pairs.

[[File:Cockpit_Me262.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Schwalbe's instrument panel.]]

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 824 || 798 || 12,500 || 29.0 || 30.0 || 16.0 || 15.0 || 750
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 909|| 865 || 12,500 || 27.7 || 28.0 || 24.5 || 20.0 || 750
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 1,050 || 450 || 580 || ~17 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 500 || < 600 || < 680 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3 m || 910 kgf || No WEP
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 15 mm Steel - Behind the pilot
* 15 mm Steel - Pilot's headrest
* 15 mm Steel - Between cockpit and fore fuel tank
* 15 mm Steel - Instrument panel plate
* 16 mm Steel x 2 - Ammunition protection plates
* 90 mm Bulletproof glass

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 30 mm MK 108 cannons (2 x 100 RPG top + 2 x 80 RPG bottom = 360 total)

All four cannons are arranged in bundles of two mounted on the underside of the upper mounted in the nose of the aircraft. Two are outfitted with 100 RPG, while the other two have 30 RPG.

=== Suspended armament ===


{{main|R4M}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can externally outfit:

* 24 x 55 mm R4M rockets
* 48 x 55 mm R4M rockets

== Usage in battles ==


As a heavy fighter, the 'Schwalbe' is not nimble, but neither are other first generation jets. Compared to them, the Me 262 is actually quite agile and possesses a speed, roll, and damage output advantage against certain adversaries.

However, don't be fooled - this aircraft was the first operational jet fighter. Generally, anything 3 years older than the 262 outclasses it. Against them, the 262's turn rate is your only advantage. Except for Meteors. Avoid combat with Meteors if possible, however, if engaged in a sea meteor or later variant, do not simply dive as it will only make your situation worse. Try alternating barrel rolls to force them to overshoot. Joystick users can try the classic trick of banking the aircraft about 120-180 degrees out of phase of the enemy aircraft with a positive G-load but as usual, they will need to watch their altitude carefully.

The 'Schwalbe' climb rate is actually not too bad as stock in 6.0-7.0 games but to climb well you need to be around 450 to 500 km/h for best climb rate which can be visually unappealing due to its low angle of climb. This in itself can be used to out-run and climb simultaneously as an advantage.

The Schwalbe has three main possible usages:

*'''Air-supremacy-fighter''':

''Find and destroy other fighters''. While the historic purpose of the Me 262 was a bomber interceptor, it performs well against other fighters. However, it must be played like a heavy fighter or, for instance, the Fw 190 series. Be careful and plan every step ahead, including your retreat and how you will regain lost energy. A standard attack looks like the following:

# Find a target already engaged in combat and busy or an enemy who is alone.
# Position yourself with either a speed or energy advantage in the enemy's blind-spot (where they would least expect you, attacking with the sun behind you is a good tactic).
# Proceed closer to the enemy aircraft with the energy advantage you hold.
# Launch a deadly surprise attack.
# Escape any other nearby enemies with a "zoom climb" or a continuation of the approach at your maximum speed.
# Once enough separation has been gained (3-5 km), regain energy by accelerating or climbing. Likewise, engaging a different target who has lower energy is an option.

These tactics are virtually the same as used by the Fw 190 series and also works on all early jets ([[Meteor F Mk 3|Meteor F 3]], [[F-80A-5|P-80]], [[MiG-9]], [[F2H-2|F2H]], [[Kikka]], [[R2Y2 Kai V1|R2Y2]]), etc. 
Against later jets, ([[Sea Meteor F Mk 3|Sea Meteor]], [[La-15]], [[F9F-2|F9F]]), it gets trickier as they can easily neglect any energy advantage you built up due to their superior acceleration. The approach suggested above will still work, but needs to be executed with even more caution. Having allies nearby to assist is also often mandatory in matches like these, as a single 262 bears little threat to Korean War jets. 
Against these superior foes, one of the 262's lesser strengths can be used - the turn rate. For '''a few''' turns, the Schwalbe will easily outmanoeuvre most Korean War jets, apart from the naval carrier jets like the [[F9F-2|F9F Panther]] and [[Sea Meteor F Mk 3|Seameteor]]. 

* '''Bomber interceptor''':

History's call. Seek and annihilate any heavy bombers with the impressive armament the Me 262 brings to the battlefield. Avoid getting shot at though! The 262's engines are weak and like to burn. If the engines catch on fire, throttle down and then shut off the engine (default "i") and go into a dive to gain speed. Rockets are also fun in this mode, as the Schwalbe has the option to carry up to 48 55 mm R4M rockets. Don't forget to set a detonation timer for the R4M missiles so they do not require direct hits. 600-800 meters is suggested.

*'''Ground attacker''':

Bad acceleration and a high stall speed - usually not the traits wielded by an attacker, but the Schwalbe as two very convincing arguments on its side: R4M rockets and bad [[Matchmaker|matchmaking]]. The 24 (48 seconds unlock) rockets can destroy light pillboxes, medium tanks and mini bases (~50 rocket impacts). Peculiar to note is the ability of the MK 108 to destroy light pillboxes. 60-80 shots are needed from a very low angle and from a short distance. Also, the Me 262 can get dragged up to games where it will face Korean War jets. One could try, as an experienced pilot, to get the best out of the situation. Those who are not as skilled at ground attacking still benefit the team; if the match starts to take longer, a ground victory becomes a viable option. The same applies if the last enemy is hiding and the tickets start to count down.

Going against other countries would bring out their jets. Other countries' first generation jets include the [[F-80A-5]], [[Meteor_F_Mk 3|Meteor Mk. 3]], [[Vampire_FB 5|Vampire]], [[MiG-9]], [[Kikka]] and [[Yak-15]]. The Me 262 is the heaviest of them and thus reigns straight line kinetic energy retention at high speeds.

* '''Top speed''' goes to the [[F-80C-10|F-80]], followed by the MiG-9 and Meteor F.4. Not all is grim though! Both the Vampire and Yak-15 sit far at the end of the spectrum.
* The [[Sea_Meteor_F_Mk 3|Sea Meteor]] has the best '''acceleration''' in the horizontal, although it will break apart before it can reach its top speed. In the vertical, however, the weight and design of the Me 262 allows for the most rapid dive in this time era.
* '''Turn rate''': '''''Do not turn in jets!''''', or heavy fighters like in this case. Pure horizontal manoeuvres are reserved for emergency situations and should be avoided accordingly.

As such, the Me 262 is often lacking in certain traits compared to its BR contemporaries. Always try to get a drop on the opponent and catch them by surprise rather than a straight-up dogfight.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
|
| R1 Modifications
|-
| II
| Compressor
| Airframe
| Offensive 30 mm
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
|
| R1/II Modifications
|-
| IV
| Engine
| Cover
| New 30 mm Cannons
|-
|}

The biggest issue of the Schwalbe is its bad acceleration across all speeds. Thus, ''Compressor'' and ''Engine'' upgrades have the highest priority. The cannons' stock belts are decent, but the high explosive content increases with the new ammo in ''Offensive 30 mm''. Including them into the upgrade route is not a bad idea. The same applies for the rockets in the ''R1 modification''. Being able to knock out bases (~40) or tanks (direct hit) with these warheads makes a long game much easier to win. ''New 30 mm cannons'' is an interesting upgrade choice as it increases accuracy above 300 meters (350 yds), but the MK 108 will still be unable to hit any at 500 meters (600 yds).

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* '''Heavy''' armament, second highest one-second burst mass of any aircraft in the game
* Hard-Hitting shells destroy fighters in one or two hits and B-29s also only require about 3 hits
* Decent energy retention (compared to other 7.0 BR aircraft)
* Good payload against medium tanks, bases, and light pillboxes
* Good roll rate at low speeds
* Fairly manoeuvrable at low speeds compared to early jets

'''Cons:'''

* Rather slow compared to most other jets
* Bad acceleration
* Poor rate of climb (important if you want to intercept B-29s)
* Not very nimble at high speeds
* Poor turn rate
* Awful guns for a jet to jet combat ("snapshots" are possible, albeit very difficult)
* Tends to "flip about" after doing a vertical manoeuvre
* Unusually high wing angle of attack is required for level flight at most speed ranges so aircraft tends to bleed energy easier when turning
* Fuel feed cuts off if flying with inverted G-loads for an extended period of time
* Very exposed engines that are very susceptible to damage.

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
"The Messerschmitt Me 262 was a German jet fighter, fast bomber and reconnaissance aircraft of the WWII era. It was the world's first mass-produced jet fighter and the first jet aircraft to see combat. The first serial variant, the Me 262 A-1a, unofficially known as 'Schwalbe', arrived for flight testing in Lechfeld in July 1944. The construction used generic alloys, was almost fully riveted and its weight was rather high, all for the sake of ease of mass production. The Jumo 004B-1 jet engine (later B-2 and B-3) also housed a 2-stroke Riedel motorcycle engine, used as a starter. Two small 17-liter fuel tanks were used to power the starter. The rest of the fuel was housed in the fuselage. Two main and two extra fuel tanks were used. Main tanks held 900 liters of fuel, the nose tank had 170 liters and the rear tank held 600 liters.

Radio equipment included the FuG 16ZY radio (later replaced with the FuG 15) and the FuG 25a IFF set. The 262 was armed with four 30mm MK 108 cannon with 100 rounds per gun for the top pair and 80 rounds per gun for the bottom pair. The pilot was protected by a 90mm armored glass and 15mm armored plating on the sides and back.

The Me 262 A-1 was easier to fly than the Bf 109G. Considering the great range of available airspeeds, the cockpit equipment was rather sparse. Although the turn radius for the jet fighter was significantly wider than that of a piston fighter, it could better retain high speeds in a turn. Its acceleration was much worse than that of a piston plane, but the Me 262 had an incredible dive rate, which could occasionally threaten going past Mach 1."

== Media ==


* [http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23me262 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the Me 262 series from live.warthunder]

===Images===
[[File:FighterImage_Me262V1 frontal.jpg|thumbnail|none|First prototype was fitted with a Jumo 210 600 hp and a wooden propeller. This saved the test pilot on at least one occasion.]]
[[File:FighterImage_Me262v1 take off asymetrical.jpg|thumbnail|none|Asymmetrical jet engine test prototype]]

===Videos===
{{Youtube-gallery|vLjomUR1uvY|BaronVonGamez Review|0h_MPhebE_o|JonManProductions Guide}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany jet aircrafts}}

StuG III A

2019-11-14T20:54:23Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_stug_III_ausf_A}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_StuGIIIA.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ('''StuG III A''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41. The StuG III A is the beginning of the StuG III line and the first enclosed tank destroyer for the German tree. It presents the same 75 mm gun as on the early Panzer IVs.

This tank destroyer was originally built as an assault gun, designed to fling low-velocity high explosive shells in the assistance of attacking infantry. Against armoured vehicles, however, the StuG III A should be used for frontal assaults on objectives or ambushes, due to poor accuracy at range and the high shell arc. In both roles, its low profile and excellent short-range firepower provide a distinct advantage. You should get into cover when reloading. Due to the sloped armour on the top, shots will bounce more if you are on the same elevation as the tank you are fighting or if your gun is facing the tank at 0° elevation. If you are raising your gun to shoot at an enemy, they can pierce your armour easily below the gun.

The StuG III A will build up momentum slowly, allowing it to effectively charge capture points. The recommended method of attacking points in this machine is to keep a building between you and the enemy tanks in the objective while approaching at high speed. Once you have arrived, you should round the corner, quickly aim, shoot, and immediately reverse to take cover behind the corner you just rounded. Be careful not to expose too much of your tank during the reversing turn.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour
*Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 26 mm (86°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (23°) ''Lower glacis'' || 30 mm || 30 mm || 17 mm
|-
| Superstructure || 50 mm (11°) ''Front plate'' || 30 mm || 30 mm || 11 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick.
* Tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 19.6 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 47 (AB)
|-
|43 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|426
|525
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|265
|300
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|21.73
|26.78
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|13.52
|15.31
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|StuK 37 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[StuK 37 (75 mm)|75 mm StuK 37]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 44 || -10°/+20° || -9°/+5° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 7.04 || 9.75 || 11.84 || 13.09 || 13.93
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 4.76 || 5.60 || 6.80 || 7.52 || 8.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 4.29 || 3.79 || 3.49 || 3.30
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC ||52||50||45||39||34||30
|-
| Hl.Gr. 38B || HEAT || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80 || 80
|-
| Hl.Gr. 38C || HEAT || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100 || 100
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| K.Gr.rot Pz. || APCBC || 385 || 6.8 || 1.3 || 15.0 || 80 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Hl.Gr. 38B || HEAT || 450 || 4.6 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 872.1 || +0° || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Hl.Gr. 38C || HEAT || 450 || 4.8 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 875.5 || +0° || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Sprgr. 34 || HE || 420 || 5.7 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 686 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_StuGIIIA.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] for the StuG III A.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''44''' || 30 ''(+14)'' || 15 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+43)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}
Left side empty: 30 ''(+14)''

== Usage in the battles ==

The StuGs AP shell can deal with many opponents at its rank. It has devastating when used on the many light tanks at Rank 1, whilst your frontal armour can hold a lot of their shells. DO NOT USE HE. It lacks the penetration of the HEAT and AP, and the explosive force of higher rank howitzers, such as the Sturmhaubitze and KV-2 have. The Heat is an excellent tool for sniping whilst even more important, cracking British Heavies, with both the Valentines and the Matilda not having enough armour to hold a Heat. Aim for their turrets, and you can easily destroy them in one shot, both being too slow and cumbersome to make use of your low-velocity cannon. HEAT should be your main shells once you have it researched.

Due to the StuG III being made from the Panzer III chassis, this tank destroyer inherited its brilliant speed and mobility. This either makes it perfect at 'Shoot and Scoot' tactics (I.e. Destroying a tank then changing position) or flanking/head-on attacks, where your mobility can make you a hard target to hit. While the StuG series lacks a turret, it can turn on the spot very fast and has a decent gun arc, providing you have cover or able teammates which can negate the lack of a turret with the track traverse.

One of the huge disadvantages of the StuG III A is the lack of a turret that can traverse and unsloped side armour. The limited field of fire severely hampers the StuG's urban capabilities. The flank of the StuG is also unsloped and thin, making it extremely easy to penetrate if exposed. However, the StuG has a very low profile and good frontal sloping, affording it excellent protection when shooting from a gap in rocks or obstacles.

If you have a side shot on this vehicle, attempt to disable its tracks; this will make accurate aiming more difficult for the StuG driver as well as make the turning time of the tank destroyer increase, giving you more time to shoot the StuG without receiving shots in return. The StuG III A is weak in the sides, giving you prime shots at the particularly frail engine and ammo rack. The armour is unsloped on the sides and therefore offers little protection.

Overall, the StuG III A is an early devastating tank to face, with its pros outweigh its cons. The lack of turret is over looked when the combination of HEAT, fast mobility, quick reload, and decent armour come in to play.

===Modules===
'''Recommended research path:'''

# '''Parts''', then whatever from rank I
# Usual "''F''ire ''P''revention ''E''nvironment" ('''FPE = fire extinguisher''') and '''Adjustment of Fire'''
# '''Both HEAT shells''', to be able to deal with more heavily armoured threats, and '''Elevation Mechanism'''
# '''Upgrades that improve mobility''' - Engine, Transmission, Filters
# Remaining upgrades

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Possesses a powerful gun for its BR
* Low profile due to casemate structure
* HEAT options are very effective in dealing with heavily armoured vehicles
* Good handling and mobility, quick turning response
* Fast loading speed
* Good frontal armour of 50 mm
* Difficult to penetrate from upper frontal armour due to the various sloping areas, where most inexperienced players will fire

'''Cons:'''

* Stock APCBC ammo has low penetration, ~50 mm at close range
* Limited fire arc due to the gun mount
* High shell arc due to slow shell velocity
* Flat weak spots in the front superstructure, that crew and ammunition are right behind
* Sides are extremely vulnerable as they are unsloped and thin
* 3 crew can be knocked out with a well-placed shot through the driver's port

== History ==

===Development===
The role of a self-propelled gun came from combat experiences in World War I. During the German offensives on the Allied front, infantry lacked artillery support against fortifications in places out-ranged by their heavy artillery behind the lines. A need for a mobile artillery piece was necessary to keep up with the German infantry and fight enemy fortifications with a direct-fire assault role. The father of this concept was German General Erich von Manstein and was coined as the ''Sturmartillerie'' (assault artillery), and these units were to be embedded in infantry divisions.

On June 15, 1936, Daimler-Benz AG was ordered to develop a support vehicle mounting the 75 mm howitzer as its armament in a casemate structure with a traverse of 25 degrees. The vehicle was to provide full protection for its crew and be no taller than an average soldier. Daimler-Benz repurposed the chassis and running gear of their [[Pz.III E|Panzer III]] design for the role. These new vehicles were named the '''Sturmgeschütz III''' (assault gun), or the shortened '''StuG III''' and the finished designs were sent to Alkett for prototype production and five were produced in 1937. These prototypes were made of mild steel and had the 75 mm StuK 37 L/24 cannon, an adaption of the original 75 mm KwK 37 cannon on the [[Pz.IV E|Panzer IV]]. This gun would be featured on the StuG III variants Ausf. A to Ausf. E. The StuG III entered production from January 1940 to the end of the war on April 1945 due to the many upgrades done on the vehicle to increase serviceability and its low cost. At about a total production of 11,300 StuG III and its variants, the StuG III design was the most produced armoured fighting vehicle in German service. However, only about 36 vehicles of the Ausf. A variant was produced from January to May in 1940 before it was upgraded.

===Design===
The StuG III had a fully enclosed armoured structure, keeping the crew safe within the vehicle. As a casemate structure, it has a limited traverse range for its front view, and the whole vehicle must be turned if a target is outside its traverse range. The StuG III featured about 50 mm of armour on the front, but about 30 mm of armour everywhere else. The suspension system is identical to the Panzer III's, a torsion bar system. The StuG III had a crew of four, the commander, driver, loader, and gunner. Initial variants lack machine guns, so the StuG was required to work with support units to ensure it does not get overrun by infantry. It wasn't until December 1942 when a machine gun could be accommodated for the loader to use. Initial variants also did not have a commander's cupola so his view was quite restricted. However, models after September 1943 had them installed.

===Combat usage===
The StuG III was placed in the artillery branch of the Wehrmacht Heer as neither the infantry nor Panzer forces could accept the StuG vehicle. The StuGs were organized into battalions with 18 vehicles organized into three batteries of six vehicles each. The intent of the vehicle was to provide close support for infantry and so it was meant to destroy lightly-armoured targets and fortifications, not tanks. The vehicle served well in its intended role in the early parts of World War II in Poland and France Campaigns, proving highly successful. One prominent commander of the StuG III is Michael Wittman, who would eventually become the most popular tank ace in German service. However, during the German campaigns in World War II, they encounter more heavily armoured and armed tanks in the Allied sides, such as the French heavy tank Char B1, but it was the Soviets [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] and [[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1]] tanks that made the Germans rearm their vehicles to be better able to combat these tanks. Thus, the StuG III Ausf. A was upgraded with a 75 mm StuK 40 L/43 gun on the ''[[StuG III F|Ausf. F]]'' and the 75 mm StuK 40 L/48 gun on the ''[[StuG III G|Ausf. G]]'', effectively turning these assault guns into a dual-purpose role as a tank destroyer as well. Also, go for hills for sniping when there is a lot of enemies (Ash's river south base capture when play on the left side)

The StuG III design was also made into different variants with different armaments, such as a 105 mm howitzer on the ''[[StuH 42 G|StuH 42]]'' , a flamethrower on the ''StuG III (Flamm)'', and even a 150 mm sIG 33 infantry gun on the ''Sturm-Infanteriegeschütz 33B''.

The StuG III was a widely-exported design to Germany's allies, such as Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Spain, and Finland. The StuG III would continue serving in various countries past World War II in conflicts in the 1960s, such as the Six Days War in Syria's service that was donated by the Soviet Union. Today, some are still serving as static pillboxes on the Golan Heights.

=== In-game description ===
"Designs and samples of a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun built from a Pz. III began to be produced by the company Daimler-Benz AG in 1938. But only after the Polish campaign, which exposed the acute shortage of mobile field artillery in parts of the Wehrmacht, was the first production batch of machines launched, designated Sturmgeschütz III Ausf. A (abbreviated StuG III Ausf. A) in February 1940. The basis for the new machines was the Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. F tank, which had a conning tower installed instead of the hull's superstructure and turret. The assault vehicle was armed with a short-barreled 75 mm StuK37 L/24 gun with 44 shells. The armor for the hull and the turret was increased by adding additional 20 mm armor plates. This resulted in a maximum armor thickness of 50 mm.

From January to May 1940, 30 StuG III Ausf. A vehicles were produced. The new assault guns joined the 640th, 659th, 660th, and 665th artillery assault divisions and participated in combat in France, where they had a very successful combat debut. The Sturmgeschütz III Ausf. A also took part in the attack on the USSR. The most popular tank ace of World War II, Michael Wittmann, began his combat career in this vehicle.
The assault guns were supplied to Germany's allies: Romania, Bulgaria, Finland, Italy, Hungary, and Spain.
In the 1950, the assault guns served in Romania, Spain, Egypt, and Syria.

The StuG III became the most widespread specimen of German armored vehicles from World Wad II and proved itself well in battle.
The vehicle's major drawback was its lack of a machine gun and the low muzzle velocity of its projectiles. As a result, the self-propelled gun was defenseless in close combat and against well-armored tanks. Therefore, the StuG III was only rarely deployed without supporting forces."

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
[https://warthunder.com/en/news/2842/current/ Official War Thunder forum article: [Vehicle Profile<nowiki>]</nowiki> Sturmgeschütz III Ausf. A]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

CR.42

2019-11-10T18:56:19Z

U47136605: quick grammar fix

{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_cr42_italy}}
{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the German version
| link-1 = CR.42 (Germany)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = C.R.42 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] along with the initial Italian aviation tree, though a variant existed in the Germany aircraft tech tree prior to the update.

The CR.42 possesses exceptional manoeuvrability, speed, and durability, especially for a biplane. Its armament, which is two Breda-SAFAT .50 calibre machine guns, is quite good as well. However, due to its BR, the majority of aircraft the CR.42 will engage will be faster and more heavily armed. The best bet for survival, and getting scores, is to climb to medium altitude and lure fighters into turn fighting. An overwhelming majority of pilots are unwilling to run from a lowly biplane, allowing you to score critical damage before they realize that they have expended all their energy and must extend away from you. By that time, the damage is usually severe enough that they will not be able to accelerate away from you quickly enough to escape further damage.

Fighting other biplanes is a whole other issue. Being lighter and thusly having lower stall speeds, they initially perform better in tight turns. Yet all is not lost as the hostile (lower tier) biplane will lose speed (and thusly energy) doing so. Here the CR.42 can find its figthing edge. Being slightly more aerodynamic and heavier which fortunately offset by a stronger engine, the CR.42 can either power through the early turns taking a few hits in the process, ''or'' perform advanced aerobatic manoeuvres. Such include a combination of high and low Yo-Yos to abuse the superior energy retention, or a Split-S to gain speed for altitude, hoping that the enemy biplane either reaches terminal speeds (RB and SB only), has their controls locked up, or yourself can run away safely to initiate a new attack. Due to the excellent stall characteristics of many biplanes, Boom and Zoom tactics can quite literally 'back' fire.

For the armament belts, the same applies to all other Italian aircraft; generally, you want to use ''Tracers'', ''Anti-air'', or ''Stealth'' since these are the belts that deal the most damage. Shell velocity is low, hence your shots will be increasingly difficult to aim over 300m from the enemy. Only fire at enemies at or below this distance to ensure that your shots will consistently hit. Furthermore, much like the other Italian fighters, the armament is woefully inadequate to deal with bombers, hence it is best to avoid them entirely. If you find yourself the situation where you are attacking bombers, focus on taking out the engines. The only exception to this rule is the very early biplane bombers, such as the [[Swordfish Mk I|Swordfish]] and [[Po-2]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

As one of the last generation of biplane fighters, the CR.42 incorporates many advantages , but also disadvantages of said built. Notably a low stall speed, predicating it for Turn Fights. Climb speed is good to great, but cannot compare to many later fighters ([[:Category:Second_rank_aircraft|Tier II]]). Another advantage gained is the ''relatively'' high break speeds of ~570 km/h IAS and the late lock up speed of 450 IAS for the elevator. The top speed is good for [[:Category:First_rank_aircraft|Tier I]], but only reached after a short dive and quickly dwindles with damage received.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 413 || 402 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.0 || 20.6 || colspan="2" | 14.2 || rowspan="2" | 294
|-
! Upgraded
| 447 || 429 || 18.5 || 19.2 || 21.1 || 17.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~13 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 240 || < 450 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Compressor
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
! Setting 1
| 4,300 m || 828 hp || 973 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

Biplanes by design have a lot of surface and consequently have plenty of aircraft to be shot at. This makes them feel more vulnerable than they really are, although again: They are fairly big, hard to miss targets, so the feeling ''is'' justified. Even more so as the fabric skin is easily damaged by small arms fire. The change to a aluminium monocoque fuselage design was linked with an increase in armament size for a reason. However, here lies a great advantage: Many explosive triggers and fuses have their detonation sensitivies set to metall skins, not fabric ones, so they may just whizzle through your craft, leaving only two 20 mm sized holes.

The CR.42 in itself features no armour. Only the air cooled rotary engines is rather durable due to lacking any water-cooling and by design.

Ace tip: ''Don't get shot!''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)

The two machine guns are both mounted on the upper fuselage just in front of the pilot and fire through the propeller arc. Each is armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire together until empty.

The center lined armament is always a great advantage. However compared to other nation's fighter crafts with their fast firing 7.7 mm machine guns, the BREDA's slower rate of fire offsets the gained advantage in claibre size and explosive ammunition (IAI).

== Usage in battles ==

=== Arcade Battles ===
The CR.42 is nothing more than a point-and-shoot arcade-style plane. There is little skill involved at these early rank matches. Therefore, turning is the most appropriate tactic. However, due to the high climb rate, BnZ can be effective strategy in this gamemode. Most monoplanes cannot climb nearly as fast as the CR.42, so you will be able to hold the altitude advantage on them.

=== Realistic and Simulator Battles ===
In Realistic Battles (RB) and Simulator Battles (SB), as in real life, the Falco faces off against advanced mono-wing designs. While this may seem daunting at first, the CR.42 is the pinnacle of biplane evolution, only rivalled by the up-gunned [[I-153P|Chaika]] series. This aircraft begins to show the playstyle that Italian pilots will use for the rest of their in-game career; a situationally dependent switch between Energy-fighting (Boom & Zoom) and turn-fighting.

When flying in simulator battles, visibility is normal for a biplane. Rearward vistas are non-existent while forward vision is hampered by the second strut/wing. The open cockpit does provide decent visibility in general, though.

=== General Usage ===
Something that applies to this plane in all battle modes is its engine. Unlike most other biplanes and the CR.32 before it, this aircraft has a radial engine. This offers several advantages. First, it is able to offer moderate performance at all altitudes. Second, hits to the cooling system are not as damaging as they are to aircraft that have in-line engines. In-line engines will suffer from hits to their water (fluid) cooling systems - even the slightest of hits at all tiers and BRs will either outright disable the engine or make it overheat very fast, and leading to the engine's death. The engine is well-cooled and has no WEP limit, so beginner pilots will not have to worry about cooling issues or rationing Manual Engine Control.

Monoplane opponents are faster and have a superior armament. You will not be able to face these planes in head-ons, nor will you be able to disengage using a high-speed dash. Once you have engaged or been engaged by a monoplane, you '''must''' bring the engagement to an end yourself. The aircraft you have is highly agile, and can easily out-manoeuvre any monoplane it will meet- these primarily being the [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricane family]], [[LaGG-3-11]]<nowiki/>s, the [[P-36 (Family)|P-36 family]], and the [[M.S.405C1]]. This plane can effectively rope-a-dope these aircraft by remaining outside their reach, while continually staying in a sustained, slow, spiral climb that allows it to preserve its speed while forcing the enemy to constantly lose it. Eventually, the enemy will stall, and you will be able to easily pick it off. Stall-fighting is one of this plane's best tactics.

Even Boom & Zoom is feasible, as altitude can be gained quickly; however, the lack of cannon armament forces the pilot to use significant trigger control as well as aiming when diving and attacking opponents at a lower level.
If booming and zooming, watch your speed in a dive. The CR.42 has a speed limit of around 440 - 480 km/h (274 - 300 mph) before the wings begin shaking (i.e. you begin to hear rattling noises, and flashing red text appears on your screen) and eventually completely rip off.

The [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)]] is actually very effective for their battle rating. Tracers are by far the best belt at this BR for fighter-on-fighter combat, due to the presence of only API-T rounds, which easily set fire to enemy biplanes and provide good penetration + damage capability. Due to the machine guns being placed in the centre cowl, they provide heavy damage when the fire is focused on your opponent's wings or engine. However, when taking on bigger game such as monoplanes or bombers, it is better to take the Air Targets belt, since it has a belt composition of API-T-API-IAI that allows it to do large amounts of damage when, again, focused on critical modules such as the engines or wings. Thanks to the relatively high rate of climb and ammo pool, this aircraft is good at intercepting twin-engine bombers that begin appearing. However, it is not recommended to attempt this as a beginner pilot. The 12.7 mms will require some experience to aim at the engines of enemy bombers, and in addition, the lack of armour leaves a good possibility for pilot-snipes and critical hits by enemy bombers.

In summary, the CR.42 Falco is a good introduction to the situational hybrid fighting style of later aircraft. It is a severely underappreciated aircraft that deserves more love and usage by pilots and is a forgiving aircraft for beginners to fly.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High speed for a biplane
* Good ammunition count
* Manoeuvrability is sufficient to out turn nearly all non-biplane opponents
* Well armed for a biplane
* Ammo belts use heavy amounts of incendiary ammo

'''Cons:'''

* Poor Energy Retention
* Lightly armed compared to most of the opposition it is faced with
* No options for striking heavy targets
* Turn rate is worse than that of most biplanes
* Poor armour protection

== History ==

The CR.42 was Fiat's attempt at modernising their CR.32 design, which was deployed during the Spanish Civil War with great success. The new fighter would be of all metal construction, with Fiat's new, homegrown A.74 supercharged radial engine. The result was a fast, accurate, and manoeuvrable platform, that, while outdated at the onset of World War II, would be almost the pinnacle of biplane design.

Early in the war, CR.42's were used with some success as escorts, night fighters, and even interceptors. Against the early Hurricanes and Spitfires, Italian and German pilots both were delighted to find that the manoeuvrability of the Falco put it, at the least, on par in a dogfight. However as the war dragged on, and enemy aircraft became faster, the CR.42 was relegated to night harassment, light ground attack, and sparingly used as night fighters.

The CR.42 is also credited with the world's last aerial combat biplane kill. A group of CR.42's based in Croatia under the command of ''Nachtschlachtgruppe 7'' were directed to Grabovica Airfield for a strafing mission. However, the flight was redirected at the last moment to a harassment mission northwest of Sisak, where they were intercepted by P-38's of the 14th Fighter Group. Three Fiats were lost for two P-38's, one of which was claimed by an unknown German pilot.

Over 1,780 were built. The plane was designed by Fiat's Celestino Rosatelli, who was also behind the CR.32 and the B.R. 20. He replaced the 32's inline engine with a less vulnerable air-cooled radial engine. Foreign orders came from Hungary (50), Belgium (34), and Sweden (72). It entered combat service with the Italian 53rd Gruppe in May, 1939. At the start of the war it was the backbone of Italy's fighter force.

Belgium's CR. 42s were the first to see action in May, 1940, claiming 3 aerial victories, but losing most of their fighters on the ground. Italy used them in the 1940 French campaign, the Battle of Britain, and over Greece, the Mediterranean, and Africa, where they sparred with another biplane, the Gloster Gladiator, until the arrival of British Hurricanes and Spitfires. 113 were still in service when Italy surrendered in September, 1943.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy fighters}}

PT-76B

2019-11-10T03:17:04Z

U47136605: grammar / readability, adding paragraphs to usage in battles, YT link

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_pt_76b}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_PT-76B.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It is the first amphibious tank to be implemented in the game, being introduced with [[Update 1.53 "Fire Storm"]] (although the amphibious feature was not implemented until [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"|1.55 "Royal Armour"]]). The PT-76B, as a light tank, has paper-thin armour, but also has a powerful main gun that can engage most tanks at its battle rating.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 10 mm (80°) ''Top'' 13 mm (44°) ''Bottom'' || 13 mm ''Top'' 10 mm ''Bottom'' || 6 mm (1°) ''Top'' 6 mm (46°) ''Bottom'' || 6 mm
|-
| Turret || 15 mm (32-35°) ''Turret front'' 15 mm (19-32°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 15 mm (35°) || 15 mm (34-35°) || 6 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 10 mm || 6 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick.
* Tracks are 15 mm thick.

Pretty much every tank in the game will be able to destroy the PT-76B with relative ease due to the ultra-thin armour of it. Avoid tanks with access to heavy machine guns on their turrets such as most American tanks, the [[IS-2 (1944)|IS-2 1944]], etc.

Also, keep well clear of enemy SPAA. 12.7mm guns and above will absolutely wreck this tank. In particular, the Wirbelwind is a big threat. It has good penetration at range and will literally saturate the vehicle with autocannon shells. Just a short burst from the quad 20mm guns will finish the PT-76B off.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 14.0 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 49 (AB)
|-
|44 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|372
|458
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|212
|240
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|26.57
|32.71
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|15.14
|17.14
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|D-56-TS (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[D-56-TS (76 mm)|76 mm D-56-TS]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 40 || -4°/+31° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 11.9 || 16.5 || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 11.9 || 14.0 || __._ || __._ || __._0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 11.1 || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| BR-354N || APCR || 147 || 146 || 127 || 110 || 93 || 76
|-
| 53-BR-354 || APHE ||98||96||88||79||71||63
|-
| OF-350M || HE ||10||10||10||10||10||10
|-
| BK-354M || HEATFS || 200 || 200 || 200 || 200 || 200 || 200
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| BR-354N || APCR || 950 ||3.02|| N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| 53-BR-354 || APHE ||662|| 6.3 || 1.2 || 20 ||49.28|| -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| OF-350M || HE || 680 || 6.2 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 621 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| BK-354M || HEATFS || 700 || 7 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 1,260 || +0° || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks PT-76B.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the PT-76B.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''40''' || 15 ''(+25)'' || 3 ''(+37)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || style="text-align:center" | Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,000 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

As the PT-76B doesn't have much armour, avoid directly confronting enemy tanks. In order to defeat heavy/medium tanks, watch them and fire when they are not aiming or focusing on you. Use the light tank's manoeuvrability and fire rate to deliver pin-point hits onto the enemy's flanks, then retreat back in to cover before they can get a fix on the firing location. The PT-76B is also helpful in scouting enemy positions for its allies so they could bring in more firepower. As previously mentioned, this tank does not have the armour nor the crew to take on enemies head-on, so try to remain stealthy. It functions greatly as a scout tank in [[Simulator Battles]].

While the PT-76B has amphibious capabilities, it is not necessary to use them all the time. Keep in mind that the PT-76B can only go about 10 km/h in the water, so utilize the ability to travel on land as well. Instead, use the water to make an escape or take a shortcut. As an example, drive into the water if an enemy has spotted you, and take cover behind an off-shore rock. Driving through a river to flank the enemy is also possible if a bridge is not nearby. Take caution that reversing in the water is slow, if not nonexistent, which may get the PT-76B stuck if driven into an obstacle. Also make sure to check the map, as some maps like ''Eastern Europe'' have rivers with no way to get back onto land, or at least not many.

Otherwise, avoid directly confronting an enemy. Instead, take cover and scout. Another good tactic to use is watching the enemy - find a spot where they can't engage you and watch them. Wait for the right moment; when the enemy is reloading, aiming somewhere else, not noticing the PT-76, is attacking an ally, etc, quickly check to make sure no other enemy can target the you and send a shell towards your enemy! Try to snipe at the enemy, but make sure to avoid '''all''' enemy fire, as all tanks can penetrate the PT-76's armour (even the [[GAZ-AAA (4M)]] technically has enough penetration to get through the tank's rear armour!).

The amphibious capabilities are a huge helper to the vehicle, allowing it to reach unusual sniper areas that vehicles without said capabilities could not reach (e.g. hiding behind the rocks near the jetty on Normandy). The incredible stabiliser also allows the PT-76B to simply sit in the water and blast away at enemies without them even realizing where the shots are from. Make sure to relocate after knocking out enemies or being spotted, however, as they will know the PT-76B's location and likely broadcast it to other players, most often resulting in the PT-76B being destroyed.

The HEAT-FS shell is powerful in terms of penetration, but the post-penetration damage is lacking compared to other Soviet shells. Not to say that the BK-350M is weak (It's actually quite amazing for a HEAT shell), but often times, 2 or more shots will be needed to destroy an enemy, particularly the more spacey vehicles like the Tiger 1 and Panther. It would be wise, therefore, to look up crew and module locations on enemy vehicles in order to make your shots as lethal as possible.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

*Access to HEAT-FS shells with excellent penetration at 5.3
*Great manoeuvrability
*Has a two-plane [[Gun_stabilizer|gun stabilizer]] (the only non-Rank V USSR tank with it!)
*Stabilizer works while shooting on water
*Amphibious capabilities
*Excellent [[Scouting|scout tank]] to spot targets for allies
*Low profile
*Fast turret rotation
*Lack of turret rotational inertia
*Has night vision devices (NVD)

'''Cons:'''

*Very thin armour all-around, even heavy machine guns can pen through the front
*Stock round is APCR, requires aiming of weak points until better rounds are unlocked
*Inadequate reload speed
*Efficiency will be greatly reduced with a loss crew member
*Shooting from the water will shake the whole vehicle, but not the aim
*Performs rather poorly in AB due to inability to hide nametag
*Prone to [[Damage_mechanics#Hull-break|hull break]]
*Driving on the water is quite slow, forwards at 10 km/h and reverse at -7 km/h
*Relatively slow reverse rate on land and on water
*Vulnerable to aircraft strafes

== History ==

===Development===
The purpose of light tanks fell into disuse in the course of World War II. The light tanks of every nation found themselves to be too lightly armoured and under-gunned to be of any use in the battlefield. Their mobility, which they once held with utility, was overtaken by the advancing mechanics of tanks that allow the heavier tanks to reach speed and mobility that light tanks used to monopolize. The utility of light tanks fell to specialized roles, mostly as a reconnaissance vehicle. The Soviet Union developed a light-weight vehicle for this role, with an additional requirement that the vehicle also is amphibious in operation. The amphibious operation would grant the tank a greater degree of movement over different terrain.

Prototypes of the tank started in the late 1940s, one was ''Object 740'' developed by N. Shashmurin at the VNII-100 research institute of the Chelyabinsk Tank Factory in Leningrad. The vehicle was more successful than the others for using a simple design and good cross-country travel. The amphibious operation, the water-jet propulsion, was considered a breakthrough at the time. A prototype of this vehicle began to be built in 1950 at the Kirov Plant and adopted on August 6, 1951, after trials. This vehicle became designated as the PT-76B and production began at the Stalingrad Tractor Factory. An upgrade was made in 1957 that replaced the initial D-56T gun with a D-56TM with a muzzle brake and fume extractor, as well as new observations and radios for the expense of a taller profile. Another upgrade in 1959 was made that added the D-56TS gun with stabilization and NBC protection capabilities on the '''PT-76B'''. Production lasted from 1951 to 1969 for a total of about 12,000 PT-76B built.

===Combat usage===
The PT-76B saw use in the Soviet Union, who used it as their standard reconnaissance tank and in naval operations. The PT-76B stayed stationed at various bases during the Cold War but did not see much combat with the Soviet Union, staying until it was replaced by the infantry fighting vehicle BMP-1. Despite its replacement, the PT-76B stayed in reconnaissance companies and battalions and in the naval infantry units, as well as having a much better gun than the BMP-1. The PT-76B may still be in Russian service today in reserves as some have been reported to been used during the war in Chechnya. The PT-76B also served in various specialized roles such as an anti-aircraft mount.

The PT-76B was exported in large numbers to up to 25 different countries allied with the Soviet Union. Of these, Vietnam has the best combat record due to the Vietnam War, the PT-76B was a large part of the North Vietnamese Army's armoured force during the conflict. The PT-76B first successful action in Vietnam was in the Battle of Lang Vei in February 1968, where 13 PT-76s of the NVA 202nd Armoured Regiment fought against up to 500 defenders of the camp. The PT-76s were able to overrun the camp despite the defender's use of M40 recoilless rifles and M72 rocket launchers, which accounted for three PT-76B kills. Another combat engagement was in the Battle of Ben Het when the NVA 202nd Armoured Regiment was ordered to attack the base there. The PT-76B detonated a mine on the border of the camp, alerting to their presence. Several M48 Pattons of the 1/69th armour battalion was sent to engage the tanks, but one got hit by a PT-76B round and had two crewmen killed. By dawn after sporadic firefights between the Pattons and NVA tanks, the scene revealed two knocked out PT-76s and a BTR-50 APC. It was in 1972 where the PT-76B served as the test bed of an important American weapons development. Two helicopters on May 9 were scouring the countryside for enemy targets for its new armaments, it was at this time that the NVA attacked a camp at Ben Het. The helicopters responded, firing the experimental XM26 launchers at PT-76s and accounted for three PT-76B destroyed. This was the first combat usage of what would be the TOW anti-tank missile.

Aside from Vietnam, the PT-76B also served in the Indian forces during the Indo-Pakistani Wars, the Six Day War and Yom Kippur War on both sides, the Angolan Civil War in Cuban and MPLA service, in the Iran-Iraq War in Iraqi service, and the Yugoslav wars.

=== In-game description ===
The first experimental model of the PT-76B light aquatic tank received the factory title of “Object 740” and was assembled at the ChKZ in February, 1950. It immediately began factory testing. Following state-run tests and the elimination of defects discovered during the testing process, “Object 740” was recommended for acceptance into the arsenal of the Soviet Army. Serial production of the tank took place at the STZ from 1952 to 1953.

Tanks from the base batch released in 1952 underwent experimental field use. As a result, further refinements were made to the vehicle’s joints and components. Following field testing and experimental use, “Object 740,” now called the PT-76, was accepted into the arsenal by a decree of the USSR Council of Ministers: (#3636-1447) on August 6, 1952.

During the process of serial release various changes were made to the design of the vehicle to enhance its combat capabilities and technical characteristics. Vehicles with these modifications were produced until 1959, however, an updated DT-56TM cannon was installed on the tank in 1956. During the production run 1,896 PT-76B tanks were built. Of these, over 1,200 vehicles had the DT-56T cannon.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|8Zol0mmU-9s|Why this advanced tank is matched with WW2 Vehicles? ▶️ PT-76B}}

== Read also ==
[https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/843/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> PT-76B - with developer's answers] 

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR light tanks}}

Mi-4AV

2019-11-09T02:47:07Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card|code=mi_4av}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. This helicopter was introduced in [[Update_1.81_"The_Valkyries"|Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


This helicopter is very slow; often times, you will most likely find yourself not being able to go over 200 kph. Additionally, the Mi-4AV has a poor roll rate.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="4" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" |Max Speed
(km/h at 500m
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? ||256|| {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! colspan="4" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

The {{PAGENAME}} is a large helicopter and a big target. Unfortunately, to help keep this bird in the air and hauling troops and weapons to the battlefront, sacrifices had to be made. Here, the sacrifice was armour protection. Armour would have weighted down the already heavy helicopter, but the lack of it did not deter the Soviet Union from building these helicopters and using them on a large scale as a showcase piece of their technological prowess. The {{PAGENAME}} turned out to be a do-it-all helicopter despite not having any armour protection.

The pilot must be aware of their surroundings, as they do not want to bring undue notice upon themselves. Strategy plays key in this helicopters ability to sneak into position, let loose a volley of rockets or zero-in an anti-tank guided missile onto an unsuspecting target. Use structures and terrain to act as shields when possible.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|A-12.7 (12.7 mm)}}

It starts with one .50 cal as its only machine gun. This gun has a limited movement, meaning you may not be able to get it on target at times.

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|FAB-100 (100 kg)|FAB-250M43 (250 kg)|S-5K|9M17M Falanga}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can outfit the following suspended ordnance:

* 96 x S5K rockets
* 6 x FAB-100 bombs (600 kg total)
* 4 x FAB-250 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 4 x 9M17M Falanga missiles and 96 x S5K rockets
* 4 x 9M17M Falanga missiles and 6 FAB-100 bombs (600 kg total)
* 4 x 9M17M Falanga missiles and 4 x FAB-250 bombs (1,000 lb total)

The only suspended armament it comes stock with is 96x S5K dumb rockets. They can be replaced with ATGM's or bombs later with later upgrades.

==Usage in battles==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the helicopter, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="3" |Weaponry
|-
| I
| Compressor||
| Flak jacket
| Offensive 12 mm||FAB-100||
|-
| II
| ||
| Helicopter frame
| ||||2P32M/K-4V
|-
| III
| Engine||Replacing helicopter blades
|
| New 12 mm MGs||FAB-250||
|-
| IV
| ||
| Cover
| ||||
|-
|}

===Pros and cons===


'''Pros:'''

* Workhorse
* Several external payload options for weapons

'''Cons:'''

* No armour or bullet-proof glass
* Critical components co-located (cockpit, engine, motor and oil coolers)
* Slow and not very manoeuvrable

== History ==

The Soviet Army Aviation owes its emergence mostly to the transport landing helicopter Mi-4. The Mi-4 paved the way for helicopter usage in the Soviet national armed forces.
The Korean War was the main impetus in which provided the need for a Mi-4 helicopter which started its official development in the early 1950s. At the time, the American military was widely using helicopters as a force multiplier which enabled troops to advance and reinforce areas much quicker than when travelling by vehicle or more to a pinpoint location without needing finding or building an airfield. Through the use of helicopters, rapid and large scale operations became a possibility that had yet to be exploited to its fullest. At this time, the Americans were using different types of helicopters to do various tasks, depending on what payload was needed. Light helicopters were used for duties such as taking wounded back to hospitals, means of communication and spotters for artillery units. More massive helicopters were utilised for delivering troops, vehicles, supplies and artillery directly to the battlefield. The Korean War demonstrated the increased need for a role which rotor vehicles could fulfil within the Armed Forces.

Once realising their folly of not developing helicopters for inclusion in the armed forces, Soviet leadership decided they needed to make up for lost time and get to work designing and building their helicopter force. In October 1951, the leading aviation designers of the Soviet Union were called to the Kremlin. As a result of the meeting, tasks for developing new rotor vehicles were given to the aviation designers. Here, the Mil Design Bureau specifically was assigned to the designing and creating a landing-transport helicopter which could carry up to 12 persons. Quick work was needed because experimental models were required to be ready for trials one year after receiving this assignment.

Mikhail Mil began to work on a solution; however, unbeknownst to many, he already had a head start on this project which he called the VD-12 or Vertolyot Desantniy (a landing helicopter) which was designed to hold 12 persons. The design of Mikhail Mil’s had been around since the end of the 40s. However, it never went anywhere because nobody was willing to support the project at the time. The lack of support extended from the military through the highest leadership in the country because they did not understand the battlefield benefits this tool would provide their soldiers. It wasn’t until the Soviets were spectators in the Korean War that they saw firsthand the effectiveness of helicopters on the battlefield.

Initially the VD-12 was designed to receive a 1,000 HP engine; however, when the helicopter was ready to begin construction and to receive it, the engine was determined not to be ready for the deadline trials. Mil was then required to redesign the VD-12 to accept a more powerful and heavy engine, the Ash-82 developed by Arkadiy Shevetsov which was a couple of generations newer than the Ash-73TK utilised on the Tu-4 bomber. This piston engine had proven itself an excellent engine when employed on various aeroplanes. To accept this new engine, the helicopter needed to be enlarged to adequately encompass it. Yakovlev DB had intended on providing the rotor, main rotor head, wobble plate, reduction gear and engine for the project, however that was for the smaller VD-12 and all that had to be scrapped for the newer and larger helicopter. Igor Sikorsky developed the S-55 (H-19) which was very similar in size and layout, and Mil decided to model the more modern and larger helicopter off of the aspects of the S-55 which applied to his larger helicopter. The Radial engine was placed in the front nose with the drive shaft passing through the cockpit and turning the rotor, which left the lower section of the helicopter to be a large cargo cabin. Again the cabin needed to be able to hold 12 troops or various military equipment which weighed up to 1,600 kg.

With this plan in action, designers were working almost around the clock to complete the schematics. Within four months of the project starting, the prototype was rolled out of the hanger and prepped for flight. With the radial engine firing, the rotor began to spin, however during acceleration of the motor; the blades started to bend severely, threatening to break apart and destroy the helicopter. The rotor was powered down, and the minds went to work attempting to figure out what the issue was. Mil settled on the problem being the rotors fluttering, which for aircraft surfaces bending or flexion which causes material fatigue and the parts disintegrate thus destroying the entire project. To validate this theory, special weights were built in one night and then installed on the blades. A repeat of the experiment was conducted, and the rotor behaved in a manner it needed to work correctly. Further testing created a blade which was constructed to eliminate any flutter.

Seven months after receiving their assignment to develop and build a helicopter, the first helicopter trials were ready to begin. While the first test had the helicopter tethered to the ground to prevent any mishaps, on the 3rd of June, Vsevolod Vinnitskiy made the first free flight in the new helicopter. At this point, the VD-12 was the most significant and most massive lifting helicopter in the World. With the completion of the state’s trials, the VD-12 began mass production, and its name was changed to Mi-4 and was introduced into service the next year.

In many ways the Mi-4 surpassed the US helicopter H-19’s capabilities as the rear of the Mi-4 could open up and through the use of a ramp, men, vehicles and artillery could quickly be loaded and unloaded. Also installed under the nose of the helicopter was a gunner position with a 12.7 mm machine gun. The Soviet military found many uses for the new helicopter beyond just transporting people and equipment, and as more equipment was outfitted, the helicopter also took on roles such as ground attack and submarine hunter. More than 3,000 Mi-4 helicopters were produced during its years in service and proved to be an essential force multiplier on the battlefield for the Soviet Armed Forces.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|Ndj0AenHKN8|Mi-4 Transport Helicopter - Documentary}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5708-development-uh-1-and-mi-4-early-birds-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> UH-1 and Mi-4: Early Birds]

{{USSR helicopters}}

T-44

2019-11-07T23:47:15Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_t_44}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_T-44.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41. A vastly improved tank over the T-34 series, the T-44 features similar mobility with much better frontal armour protection.

As a direct successor of the [[T-34-85]], the T-44 truly was a pioneering tank construction, paving the way for many modern Soviet tanks. It provides great mobility and a good degree of armour protection. Veteran players with the T-34-85 will instantly recognize the turret and the gun, as the T-44 is armed with the same ZiS-S-53 85 mm gun as the T-34-85, but there are no more further similarities between the two. The T-44 expresses a different and more modern-looking layout of the tank compared to the T-34, with the turret now in the middle of the hull, and the tank is noticeably lower to the ground, with an extremely sloped frontal armour plate. The resulting silhouette is nearly half of the T-34-85, making the T-44 a much smaller target. These changes were made possible mainly by one important aspect of the construction - the relocation of the engine, a V-44 V12 diesel engine producing 500 horsepower, to a position perpendicular to the axis of the tank. This change, along with the removal of hull sponsons, allowed the crew compartment to be built with more space, and subsequently more comfortable for the crew even for a smaller tank.

Off-road performance and mobility drops compared to the T-34-85 due to the T-44's increased weight. However, the T-44 inherits a great degree of mobility from the T-34 thanks to its wide tracks. On paved surfaces, the T-44 reaches a top speed up to 60 kph, has very good acceleration and, with a trained driver, is pleasantly agile as well. Combine this with the mentioned low profile and the T-44 can zip around the map and reach a desirable firing position quickly. Use its speed and impressive agility to worm into unexpected places and fire on the enemies' sides. However, be careful when engaging enemies frontally, particularly heavy opponents, as the ZiS-S-53 is no longer a powerful armament at 6.3. This makes it difficult, if not impossible, to penetrate more heavily-armoured opponents frontally.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof, Gun mantlet)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 90 mm (64°) ''Front glacis'' 90 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 75 mm || 45 mm (19°) ''Upper'' 15 mm (73°) ''Lower'' || 20 mm
|-
| Turret || 120 mm (1-79°) ''Turret front'' 120 mm (3-69°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 100 mm (14-21°)|| 75 mm (7°) || 15 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 120 mm || 15 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspensions wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Tracks covering the hull of the tank gives an additional 18 mm of protection at their locations.
* Belly armour is 15 mm thick.
* The left side of the turret have a small protrusion around the gunner area.

The T-44 sports a 90 mm thick frontal plate sloped under at 64°. Compared to the 45 mm thick armour of the T-34, the T-44 offers twice as much effective frontal armour thickness, and even surpasses the frontal hull armour protection of the equally ranked Centurion Mk.3 or the Panther Ausf.F tanks. We also should not forget the low profile, which allows the tank to use the terrain to either provide hardcover or to conceal the T-44's movement. However, the lower profile of Soviet tanks came at a cost of poor gun depression, and the T-44 is no exception, limiting possible hull-down positions considerably.

The frontal armour is, however, far from invincible! The frontal glacis is very bouncy, but can still be penetrated by some guns and, as the fuel tank is located directly beneath the frontal plate, frontal penetration will likely result in fuel fire or even detonation of the fuel tank. The front of the turret is only 120 mm thick and despite it being oblique, it will be still penetrated by nearly any tank gun at the given BR spread, with some being able to penetrate the turret even at long range. Here, it is suggested to lower the ammunition load to empty the ready rack, located at turret’s rear - this will prevent ammunition detonation in case of turret penetration.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 31.8 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 67 (AB)
|-
|60 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|775
|954
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|442
|500
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|24.37
|30.00
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|13.90
|15.72
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|ZiS-S-53 (85 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[ZiS-S-53 (85 mm)|85 mm ZiS-S-53]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 58 || -5°/+20° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 14.9 || 20.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || 14.9 || 17.5 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 9.60 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

The armament of the T-44 is identical to the T-34-85’s gun. The ZiS-S-53 85 mm tank gun offers up to 142 mm of penetration with the basic BR-365A APHEBC ammunition, while the top BR-367 APCBC post-war round offers up to 159 mm of penetration. While this is an improvement over the BR-365A APHE round (aka the top round of the T-34-85), it is still overshadowed by other medium tank guns at the given BR spread, such as the KwK 42 L/70 on the Panther, the 90mm M3 gun on the T25, or the British OQF 20-pounder gun on the Centurion Mk.3. Interestingly, the BR-365A shell actually sports significantly more HE filler and better-sloped performance, making it a better round in general. Penetration can be boosted up to 230 mm by using BR-367P APCR rounds, but against sloped armour, this round will struggle to penetrate like any APCR round in the game. That said, it is obvious the firepower is not exactly the strongest trait of the T-44. In fact, it was this very problem which in real life that led Soviet engineers to develop upgunned T-44-100 and T-44-122 prototypes, armed with 100 mm and 122 guns respectively.

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| BR-365A || APHEBC || 142 || 139 || 123 || 105 || 91 || 81
|-
| BR-365K || APHE || 145 || 142 || 125 || 107 || 92 || 78
|-
| BR-365P || APCR || 180 || 175 || 136 || 100 || 73 || 54
|-
| BR-367 || APCBC || 159 || 155 || 143 || 131 || 122 || 110
|-
| BR-367P || APCR || 230 || 229 || 202 || 173 || 147 || 125
|-
| O-365K || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| BR-365A || APHEBC || 792 || 9.2 || 1.2 || 15 || 164 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-365K || APHE || 792 || 9.2 || 1.2 || 15 || 81.6 || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| BR-365P || APCR || 1030 || 5.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| BR-367 || APCBC || 792 || 9.2 || 1.2 || 15 || 74.8 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-367P || APCR || 1020 || 5.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| O-365K || HE || 780 || 9.5 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 646 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks T-44.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the T-44.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''58''' || 57 ''(+1)'' || 41 ''(+17)'' || 38 ''(+20)'' || 36 ''(+22)'' || 31 ''(+27)'' || 1 ''(+57)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

Turret empty: 41 ''(+17)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,890 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

The T-44 is a tank that has great mobility and agility, somewhat bouncy but not impenetrable armour, and an 85mm cannon. This cannon may be effective at around [[BR]] 5.3, but will struggle at BR 6.3. All of these traits produce a recipe for a good flanker. In tight city maps such as Cologne or Stalingrad, the T-44 is great at out-circling lumbering heavies and placing shots in their flanks, as well as in capping target zones in Domination and Break modes. On large open maps such as Mozdok or Kursk, the T-44 can be used to outflank the enemy and either cap the enemy’s base (when playing Battle mode), or rush into the enemy rear and surprise any enemy tanks by shooting them from behind! Stay mobile as much as possible and engage only when penetration is assured - the T-44 is simply not sturdy enough to survive head-on shootouts with enemy heavy tanks and tank destroyers. Used properly, the T-44 will serve well as a highly mobile effective medium tank. Experiences earned with this tank is also easily transferable, as the next few Soviet tanks, the [[T-44-100]] and [[T-54 (1947)]], are played nearly the same way, except with a much stronger gun on the former, and better armour on the latter.

For RB and Head-on engagements:

* [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II H]], [[Tiger II (10.5 cm Kw.K)|105]] and [[Tiger II (H) Sla.16|Sla.16]]: Load APCR with 230 mm of penetration and shoot at the right turret cheek to knock out the gunner, then load APHE and shot at the flat part below the turret to set of ammo racks.
* All Panther models: Aim for the turret cheeks, against model [[Panther D|D]], [[Panther A|A]] and [[Panther G|G]] the shot trap can be used.
* [[Jagdpanther|Jagdpanther]]: Lower front plate, Upper front plate might be penetrated, but is prone to ricochets.
* [[Ferdinand|Ferdinand]]: Lower front plate with the Upgraded APHE shell (159 mm of penetration) works ''sometimes''. Shooting the part with the gun with APCR is more reliable though, aim for the right side.
* [[Jagdtiger|Jagdtiger]]: Head-on encounters should be avoided at all times. Only part which MIGHT be pentrated is the machine gun port at close range with the upgraded APHE shell with no angling, flanking is highly advised.
* [[T25|T25]]: LFP with upgraded APHE, UFP and machine gun port.
* [[M26|M26]] and [[M46|M46]]: LFP sometimes, machine gun port, UFP.
* [[M47|M47]]: LFP with upgraded APHE and machine gun port.
* [[T32|T32]]: LFP sometimes with upgraded APHE and machine gun port.
* [[T34|T34]]: Some parts of the LFP and machine gun port.
* [[T26E1-1|T26E1-1]]: Bounces a lot of shells. Aim for the machine gun port.
* [[T95|T95]]: Hit the cupola.
* [[Caernarvon|Caernarvon]]: Hit the lower front plate.

===Modules===
Research ''Parts'' and ''FPE'' first. Follow this with various gun upgrades, especially the BR-367, since it eases combat and allows one, in combination with BR-367P, to combat the [[Tiger II (H)]] effectively. Useful Performance modules are all located in tier III and IV; all three provide more horsepower, and henceforth improved acceleration and agility.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* 90 mm upper glacis is invulnerable to most enemy fire due to its ~60° sloping
* High acceleration and top speed for a medium tank
* Small profile

'''Cons:'''

* Gun may prove insufficient until the better shells are researched
* Limited gun depression of -5°
* Front armour has small driver's port as a weak point
* Gun mantlet and turret cheeks are only 120 mm thick, and are able to be easily penetrated by any tank at its rank
* Fuel tank and ammo storage in the front may prove fatal in case of a frontal penetration
* 4 crew members and cramped interior can lead to one-hit knockouts from a penetration
* Bouncy suspension leads to unstable hull movement, hindering accuracy when moving and stopping

== History ==

===Predecessors===
The Soviet Union tank [[T-34 (1940)|T-34]] began production at the end of 1940, but there were already plans to upgrade the T-34 design as early as 1941 by incorporating modern technology.<ref name="ZalogaModernSoviets">Zaloga Steven. ''Modern Soviet Combat Tanks'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1984</ref> The first of these projects was the ''T-34M'', which would have better armour, a three-man turret, torsion bar suspension, road wheels with shock absorbers, increased fuel capacity, and more ammo storage. The design also had the driver and assistant driver spots switched, but still retaining the large driver hatch on the front glacis. Four return rollers were also added and a 12-cylinder diesel engine producing 600 horsepower was used along with an 8-speed transmission system. The design used a traverse engine placement, making the design smaller than the original T-34, yet giving the crew more workspace in the tank. While the development underway to constructing armour plates, the project was placed on hold with Nazi Germany's invasion in Operation Barbarossa and all production facilities were mass-producing the T-34s to counter the invasion.

Despite the initial success with the T-34s against the Geman tanks, it was determined that a new medium tank was needed with better protection, yet staying around the same weight range. This program was the ''T-43'' and featured a new turret, shorter suspension, better gun, and more armour. However, logistics took over and the priority in mass-producing the already proven [[T-34 (1942)|T-34]] overruled the new development of a new tank. The T-43 was cancelled, but the turret was adapted onto the T-34 design to mount the 85 mm gun in the designated [[T-34-85]] tanks, fulfilling a specification to give more firepower to the armoured corps.

===Development===
In the autumn of 1943 at the Stalin Ural Tank Factory No. 183, the designers started working on a vehicle under orders of Stalin to have major improvements over the initial T-34s. The mobility of the T-34 medium tank was to be similar, but with more armour on it. In November, chief designer A. A. Morozov presented a design and model, and it was designated the '''T-44''' (Object 136). Compared to the T-34-85, the T-44 had the same road wheels, engine, and turret; but the suspension was replaced with a torsion bar suspension and a simpler hull shape for a smaller profile. The first prototype was completed on January the next year and two more in February. The first two prototypes are armed with the 85 mm D-5T gun with the designation T-44-85, while the last had a 122 mm D-25-44T cannon similar to the one on the [[IS-2]] tank (Though differing from one-piece ammunition and better muzzle brake) designated the [[T-44-122]]. Innovative design on the T-44 was the placement of the engine perpendicular to the axis of the tank. Mounting the engine sideways allows for reducing the overall hull length by maximizing the hull width to fit the engine. This allowed the hull to be made without sponsons, gave the crew a much bigger fighting compartment, had the turret placed on the centre of the vehicle and reduced the vehicle's overall length. However, the ammo stored on the left side of the tank was easily hit and could detonate, destroying the tank. The armour on the design featured 75 mm thick plate on the front, 90 mm on the turret mantlet, side armour is 45 mm thick with the capability of mounting an additional 30 mm of armour. These prototypes had a V-2IS diesel engine delivering 500 horsepower. The tank provided many advantages over the T-34 design, the gun accuracy on the T-44 design was arguably better, and the turret ring was more reliable. It presented more than double frontal armour without significantly affecting weight distribution. The increased fighting compartment meant that the turret floor ammunition storage on the T-34 could be removed. Tank height comparison, the T-44 was 300 mm lower than the T-34, and the driver's vision from his hatch is much better than on the T-34.

Trials with the first prototypes began in February 1944. One of the competition was against the German [[Panther G|Panther tank]]. The results indicated that the T-44 with the 122 mm gun was impractical and was discontinued while the T-44 with the 85 mm gun went on to further development after a few faults were discovered. By May, the next batch of prototypes arrived with improvements. The driver's position was moved slightly back so the hatch is now partly on the hull roof, and the vision flap on the hatch was simplified. Two prototypes were made, one with a splashboard on the glacis plate and the other with a smooth plate. One of these passed trials on June and July 1944, it weighed 31.3 tons, had an 85 mm cannon, and had an armour thickness of 115 mm effective on the front and 75 mm thick on the hull sides. The prototype went through improvements again and was designated the ''T-44A'', which had the front armour thickness increased to 90 mm and turret front armour increased to 120 mm, yet had a weight reduction to 30.7 tons. The vehicle had a new engine that delivers 520 hp and could travel at 60.5 km/h. The driver's hatch was also now entirely moved to the hull top with a vision slot cut on the glacis. The vehicle still retained the 85 mm cannon. The T-44 finally entered service on November 23, 1944, after a few more upgrades (upping the weight to 32 tons), but did not actually see any World War II service. Production started in 1944 at Factory No. 75 and continued building until 1947 with about 1,823 units produced.

===Usage===
Though the T-44 did not see combat in World War II, it was issued to tank brigades for training purposes. The Cold War that ensued after the end of World War II prompted the Soviets to keep the T-44 a secret, never shown publicly until the secrecy dropped in the 1960s, though some have been reported to be seen when the Soviet invaded Hungary in 1956. Some T-44 were upgraded with parts from the [[T-54 (1947)|T-54 main battle tank]] and was called the ''T-44M''. Some T-44s were reconfigured to other roles during its service life, such as armour recovery vehicles, command tanks, and engineer vehicles. The Soviets kept the T-44s around up until the end of the 1970s when it is retired. The T-44 was never exported to other countries in the Warsaw Pact, unusual behaviour for the Soviet Union.

The T-44 was an innovative new tank for the Soviet Armoured Forces, but it proved lacking in the coming age of tank technology. This was evident by its usage of an 85 mm gun, whereas the army requested a mounting of the more powerful 100 mm D-10 gun seen on the [[SU-100]]. An attempt to mount the 100 mm on the T-44 produced a vehicle designated ''[[T-44-100|T-44B]]'', which was also modified with thicker armour, different driver's hatch and vision slot, and a larger turret ring diameter, along with the 100 mm D-10TK gun. The weight was increased to 35.5 tons, which had the road speed reduced to 43.5 km/h. The trials proved positive and the decision was made to drastically modernize the tank before establishing production, as the larger turret ring diameter would require enlarging the hull so a redesign had to be made. The development of this project would eventually bring about the most-produced Soviet tank of all time, the [[T-54 (1947)|T-54 main battle tank]].

===Survivors===
Some T-44 models when they were unveiled from secrecy or when they were retired were given to various military museums in Russia. One went to Brest in Belarus, another to the Museum of the Great Patriotic War in Moscow, another in Poklonnaya Hill Victory Park, and some to the Kubinka Tank Museum, including one of the two T-44 prototypes mounting the 100 mm D-10 cannon.

One T-44 in the Kubinka Tank Museum, with sponsorship from Gaijin Entertainment, has been restored to full, running condition in six months and painted in a parade camouflage style of the 29th Tank Corps of the 5th Guards Mechanized Army.

=== In-game description ===
"This tank was created in 1943-1944 by UZTM's design bureau and was designed to replace the T-34 as the Red Army's main tank. The new 500 hp B-44 engine was installed crosswise in the hull with modified water and oil pump positioning. This meant the tank's hull height and width were 300 mm smaller in comparison to the T-34, reducing its weight, which allowed its armour to be increased and a turret housing an 85 mm cannon to be placed on the centre of the hull. This allowed the hull's frontal armour to be increased to 90 mm thickness without overloading the front road wheels.

The thickness of the side and rear hull armour plates was also increased. The turret's front was 120 mm thick, and its rear 70-75 mm thick. In order to increase the thickness of the frontal hull plate, the driver's hatch was moved to the hull roof and the bow machine gun's ball mount was removed. The undercarriage's reliability was increased owing to the use of torsion-bar suspension on the road wheels.

The tank received all the newest achievements in fire control - an improved sight, an electric trigger button for the gun and machine gun, and combined manual and motor drive for turning the turret. All the tank's components and mechanisms were significantly improved. The tank's crew was reduced by a gunner/radio officer, as the tank's commander operated the radio. The bow machine gun was rigidly fixed to the frontal armour and operated by the driver. The space previously occupied by the gunner/radio officer was used for a fuel tank.

This tank came into service in 1944. By 1947, a total of 1,823 of these tanks were made, including 655 made during the war.

The Т-44's appearance led to the creation of the entirely new Т-54 combat vehicle.

The only armed conflict the T-44 took part in was the Hungarian Uprising of 1956."

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|-ndHK-sKUkw|Running T-44 at Kubinka on Warthunder Channel}}

==References==
<references />

== Read also ==

[https://warthunder.com/en/news/3533/current/ [Vehicle Profile<nowiki>]</nowiki> Successor of a Legend: the T-44]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR medium tanks}}

H-75A-1

2019-11-06T22:54:08Z

U47136605: grammar / readability. also fixing some incorrect information in armaments / usage in battles

{{Specs-Card|code=h-75a-1_france}}
{{About
| about = French fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = P-36 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_H75A1.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French fighter {{Battle-rating}}.. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]].

In the early 1930s, the Curtiss-Wright Corporation began a private venture to build a fighter aircraft which was a revolutionary departure from earlier cloth-covered biplanes of World War I. This project aircraft under development was named the Curtiss Hawk Model 75 (later it would be known by P-36 Hawk, Hawk-75 – or just H-75 and Mohawk.) The P-36 was an all-metal monoplane (although the control surfaces were fabric-covered) with a 900 hp radial engine, enclosed cockpit, and retractable landing gear. Early fighter trials paired this fighter against the Seversky P-35A where it ultimately lost out.

Around the time of the late 1930s, the French Air Force was lacking in modern fighter aircraft and realized that the domestic production could not meet the needs of the country. In light of this, France looked to foreign producers and approached Curtiss to produce an export version of the P-36 (which they were excited about), which would be known as the H-75. The first contract purchase was dubbed H-75A-1, of which 100 were contracted for. In December 1938, the H-75A-1 fighters were routed to France where they were assembled and where minor changes were made, especially in regards to the armament, cockpit controls, and cockpit instruments.

As the geopolitical situation rapidly disintegrated in Europe, France pushed for a rush order for 100 Curtiss H-75A-2 versions. This model was an improvement over the A-1, specifically in regards to its additional weaponry and an improved motor. After the declaration of war with Germany, the French placed another order for the H-75A-3 versions of the aircraft, first arriving in March 1940. However, due to the German invasion of France, some of the shipment was sunk at sea, while the others were diverted to areas around North Africa for safekeeping. Similar to the A-3, the H-75A-4 only had a relatively small amount arrive in France, with bulk of them being diverted to Great Britain as Mohawks.

The French H-75 aircraft continued to see combat throughout the war, both under the control of the Allied Free French Forces and the British and under the axis Finnish, who received captured French aircraft from the Germans to be used against the Soviets.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


The {{PAGENAME}} is a relatively easy fighter aircraft to fly and requires only a relatively short space to both take-off and land. Due to the fantastically low wing loading rate of 23.9 lb/ft2<ref name="JoeB" />, this fighter is an excellent turning aircraft and, accompanied by a strong rudder, can spiral climb easily, especially during WEP cycles. This aircraft has the advantage of being both a turn fighter and a Boom & Zoom fighter, all depending on the situation, type of enemy aircraft, and mission type. The {{PAGENAME}} will out-turn many fighters of its rank and can prove difficult to follow if attempting to shoot it down. The [[P-36A]], [[P-36C|P-36C,]] and {{PAGENAME}} utilise the same engine, however with the extra two machine guns and associated ammunition, the {{PAGENAME}} model lags slightly behind the A with flight characteristics. The difference is often not noticeable enough for the pilot to realize while manoeuvring the aircraft. The trade-off for more guns vs. a slightly hampered flight model is well worth it.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 535 ||523||{{Specs|ceiling}}||22.0||22.2||7.6|| 7.6 || 343
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 585 || 560 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.4 || 21.0 || 17.6 || 10.6 || 343
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| ~710 || ~340 || ~500 || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 9.5 mm steel plate behind the pilot.

As with many early pre-war fighters, not much emphasis was put on the survivability of the aircraft. The best course of action was for the pilot to not let anyone get behind them. The {{PAGENAME}}’s only sources of protection for the pilot is the engine block and the 9.5 mm steel plate (angled at 24° for effective thickness of 13 mm). Given that there is no frontal armour, the engine block may be used to save the pilot at the expense of the engine, thus requiring the pilot to glide back to base if possible or to bailout. There are also two unprotected oil coolers which, if punctured, will cause the aircraft will leak oil until depleted eventually causing the engine to seize up.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Fabrique Nationale Mle 38 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.5 mm [[Fabrique Nationale Mle 38 (7.5 mm)|Mle 38]] machine guns (600 rpg = 1,200 total)
* 2 x 7.5 mm [[Fabrique Nationale Mle 38 (7.5 mm)|Mle 38]] machine guns (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

Lacking the punch of the 12.7 mm, this fighter has to make do without the more powerful machine gun. Due to the wing-mounted machine guns, convergence is a factor to deal with with the optimal range being 100 - 200 m. Anything beyond this will still work, but the bullets significantly start losing their punch. The increase in armament increased the damage output ability of the fighter. Options in ammunition will allow the pilot to select the type best suited for their mission whether it be as an interceptor, ground target hunter, or a stealthy pounce aircraft.

;Option 1 Configuration (optimal 200 - 400 m convergence)

*7.5 mm x 4 = Universal rounds
* Universal rounds for the French aircraft have the most armour-piercing rounds coupled with tracer bullets than any other belt. The tracer rounds are important because of the ability to walk in the shots with the tracers (especially helpful in realistic and simulator battles where the aiming helper is not available for use) to the enemy aircraft.

==== 7.5 mm ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Belt Type
! colspan="1" | 1st Round
! colspan="1" | 2nd Round
! colspan="1" | 3rd Round
! colspan="1" | 4th Round
! colspan="1" | 5th Round
! colspan="1" | 6th Round
|-
| Default || T || Ball || Ball || Ball || I || AP
|-
| Universal || T || AP || AP || I || I ||
|-
| Tracers || IT || IT || IT || IT || IT ||
|-
|Stealth || AP || AP || I || || ||
|-
! colspan="7" |T = ''Tracer bullet''; Ball = ''Omni purpose bullet''; I = ''Incendary bullet''; AP = ''Armour piercing bullet''; IT = ''Incendary-Tracer''
|}
This aircraft does not have the option to select any additional suspended armaments nor does it have any defensive weapons to counter any attackers.


== Usage in the battles ==


Energy retention lends this fighter to be a great zoomer, dropping in for a shot and then speeding back up to regain the energy advantage. With this aircraft having such a low stall speed; it makes a great fighter to practice rope-a-dope energy depletion manoeuvres. This requires the H-75-A1 pilot to bait another fighter into following them in a climb. As the attacker attempts to get guns on target, the pilot can start to spiral climb, causing the attacking aircraft to pull a tighter circle, hemorrhaging their energy. If done correctly, the attacking fighter will stall out and be completely helpless as they begin to fall back to the ground, allowing the H-75A-1 to roll over or Split-S and take out the stalled fighter below.

Most fighters are typically only good at one thing, whether it's turning, speed, or weapon systems. However, the {{PAGENAME}} is good at two: speed and turning. This fighter has the ability to not only zoom attack, but also turn fight competitively with most other aircraft. There are few aircraft (notably the A6M Zero fighters of the Imperial Japanese Navy or the Bf 109 of the German Luftwaffe) which may outshine while turning or climbing. However, when utilizing flaps and rudder while turning, the {{PAGENAME}} can manoeuvre into some tight turns and gain a possibility to take down these foes.

Even with all of its power and mobility, the {{PAGENAME}} is a relatively fragile aircraft. Without much armour, many of its critical systems are exposed and it will not take much, even from lower calibre machine guns, to cause fuel fires, oil leaks, and engine shutdowns, not to mention a knocked out pilot. Situational awareness is critical to potentially know not only where the targets are, but also the enemy aircraft which are manoeuvring into position and ready to pounce. The weakness of having such weak machine guns will require the pilot to get in close (50 – 200 m) to make the most of their shots count, as anywhere past 150 m, bullet penetration drops off considerably.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Automatic pitch || Controllable || Not controllable || Combined || Controllable || Not controllable
|-
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" |Tier
! colspan="2" |Flight performance
! colspan="1" |Survivability
! colspan="1" |Weaponry
|-
| I || Fuselage || Radiator || || Offensive 7 mm MGs
|-
| II || || Compressor || Airframe ||
|-
| III || Wings repair || Engine || || New 7 mm MGs
|-
| IV || || Engine injection || Cover ||
|-
|}
=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High climb rate, especially with war emergency power applied
* Impressive roll and turn rate, allowing for highly efficient Immelman and split-S manoeuvres
* Strong rudder, excels in wing-over and hammerhead stall manoeuvres
* Slow stall speed (about 55 mph or 88.5 kph)
* Four machine guns (comparable to [[P-36C]])

'''Cons:'''

* Armament is inadequate against bombers and other aircraft with rear-facing gunners
* Lack of adequate armour renders engine, fuel tanks, oil coolers and virtually defenceless

== History ==


The P-36 Hawk began its life at Curtiss Aeroplane Company as a design in the early 1930s. A private venture by Curtiss, the project was headed up by Donovan A. Berlin, a former Northrop aircraft company engineer who was the principal designer and incorporated design portions of early Northrop designs.<ref name="MilFac" /> The P-36, at this time known as the X-17Y, was a stretch from the biplane years by utilizing an all-metal low-wing monoplane with fabric-covered control surfaces. This aircraft also featured retractable landing gear, which utilized a design put forward by Boeing Aircraft Company and required royalties to be paid to Boeing for every aircraft in which this landing gear was installed.<ref name="JoeB" /><ref name="AviHis" /> Initial weapon load-outs included the standard 12.7 mm and 7.62 mm machine guns, both of which were mounted in the forward fuselage deck and fired through openings in the cowling, synchronized to fire through the propeller arc.<ref name="AviHis" />

The initial flight took place in 1935 and when it was presented at a competition the next year, the competitor aircraft (Seversky SEV-2XP/P-35) was heavily damaged in transit. While Seversky took their aircraft back to perform repairs and modifications, Curtiss took the opportunity during this time to make some modifications of their own, and namely replacing the Wright XR-1670-5 twin-row air-cooled radial engine with the upgraded Write XR-1820-39 Cyclone radial.<ref name="MilFac" /> With the Seversky aircraft repaired, the competition was back on. Even though the Seversky aircraft underperformed and was more expensive than Curtis X-17Y, it was selected and an order of 77 aircraft were put in for, however later the Material Division of the USAAC contacted Curtis and put in an order for three examples as they were becoming nervous about Seversky's ability to deliver their aircraft on time. Curtiss worked on modifying the P-36 by again upgrading the motor and working on the cockpit, especially increasing the amount of area behind the cockpit where the pilot could see. During the 1937 competition, test pilots who piloted the P-36 all commented that the aircraft responded to pilot input favourable and at all speeds and even noted that it handled well on the ground while taxiing. With such a reaction from the test pilots, the USAAC put in an order for 210 P-36A fighters, which at that time was the largest single US military aircraft order since World War I.<ref name="JoeB" />

As the P-36 fighters began to roll off the assembly line, they were shipped to US squadrons, however, problems developed with the aircraft which left them grounded while waiting repairs. The P-36 continued to have problems, however, four P-36A fighters stationed at Wheeler Air Field in Hawaii were able to get airborne and attach a flight of Nakajima B5N1 torpedo bombers, claiming two shot down and gaining the first US fighter aircraft "kills" of the Pacific War. Despite this action, the P-36 fighters were withdrawn from combat outfits and sent to training units for new pilots to train on. While the P-36 did not see much action with the U.S., it did see combat action while flown by other nations such as France and Finland where they put the little fighter to the test and were highly successful with it. 10 P-36A training fighters were transferred in 1942 to Brazil where they remained in service until 1954.<ref name="JoeB" />

While the P-36 failed to initially secure a contract early on with the United States, the desperate French approached Curtiss to secure an export version of this fighter to beef up their armed forces. With a contract settled, the {{PAGENAME}} was the first production batch of Hawk 75 aircraft built for France with around 100 built and delivered. Unfortunately, after hostilities began, many of these aircraft were captured during the fall of France and were shipped to other countries friendly with Germany and were considered challenging aircraft for the allies to fly against.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|r1LjPx-S-Mc|''War Thunder Realistic: H-75A-1 [The French Hawk!]'' - '''Jengar'''|QqBvQlW_XWs|''War Thunder Air RB - H-75A-4 - Pint Sized Pugilist'' - '''Hairyfeet'''|ek_cOFg9z5U|''War Thunder Realistic Battles - H-75A-1 - "He's looking at me ..."'' - '''The Digital Time Traveller'''}}

== See also ==


* [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss P-36 and H-75 variations]]

;Analogues of other nations

*Polyikarpov [[I-180S]]
*Bloch M.B.150
*[[IAR-81C]]
*Mitsubishi [[A6M (Family)|A6M]] Zero
*Nakijima [[Ki-43 (Family)|Ki-43]]
*Reggiane [[Re.2000 serie 1|Re.2000]]

== External links ==


* Militaryfactory.com website [[https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=155 Curtiss P-36 Hawk (Hawk 75 / Mohawk)]]
* Aviationhistory.com website [[http://www.aviation-history.com/curtiss/p36.htm The Curtiss P-36 Hawk]]
* Joebaugher.com website [[http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/p36_1.html Curtiss P-36A]]

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="JoeB">Joebaugher.com website (1999) [[http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/p36_1.html Curtiss P-36A]].</ref>
<ref name="MilFac">Militaryfactory.com website (2019) [[https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=155 Curtiss P-36 Hawk (Hawk 75 / Mohawk).]]</ref>
<ref name="AviHis">Aviationhistory.com website (2007) [[http://www.aviation-history.com/curtiss/p36.htm The Curtiss P-36 Hawk]].</ref>
</references>

{{French fighters}}

A13 Mk II 1939

2019-11-04T01:07:01Z

U47136605: fixed how it is currently obtainable (no longer in war bonds shop)

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_a_13_mk2_1939
|market=Mark IV A13 Mk.II (Britain)
}}
{{About
|about=light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=A13 (Family)
}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. The tank was added in [[Update_1.53_"Firestorm"|Update 1.53 "Firestorm"]] and was one of the first British tanks introduced in the game. It was available for purchase during the early stages of the British tanks introduction, but has since been removed from the store. However, it briefly became available on two different occasions: first, during the 2017 April Fools event when Gaijin made it available in the "A Very British Exit" Pack; second, during the War Thunder 7 Years anniversary event. It is now only obtainable through the Gaijin Marketplace.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?''

''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forward and backward.''

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Ordnance QF 2-pounder (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Ordnance QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm OQF 2-pounder]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 87 || -15°/+20° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 15.2 || __.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 9.50 || 11.20 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.64 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 71 || 68 || 52 || 37 || 27 || 19
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APCBC/T || APCBC || 88 || 83 || 64 || 46 || 33 || 24
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 80 || 78 || 67 || 56 || 47 || 40
|-
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 65 || 62 || 49 || 36 || 26 || 20
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 792 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APCBC/T || APCBC || 792 || 1.24 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 853 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 792 || 1.08 || 1.2 || 9 || 19 || +4° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
'''Last updated: 1.77.2.128'''
[[File:Ammoracks_A13MkI.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the A13 Mk I.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |11th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |12th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |13th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |14th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |15th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |16th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''87''' || 78 ''(+9)'' || 75 ''(+12)'' || 72 ''(+15)'' || 69 ''(+18)'' || 66 ''(+21)'' || 62 ''(+25)'' || 60 ''(+27)'' || 56 ''(+31)'' || 51 ''(+36)'' || 47 ''(+40)'' || 43 ''(+44)'' || 41 ''(+46)'' || 36 ''(+51)'' || 31 ''(+56)'' || 16 ''(+71)'' || 1 ''(+86)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

Center hull empty: 41 ''(+46)''

=== Optics ===

''Explain how the optic's status can affect the tank's gameplay in any unique or meaningful way. A comparison to rival tanks of the rank is welcome.''

''If you are having problems with it, refer to the [[Optics|optics gallery]] page for examples.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! Which ones
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| x1.85 || x3.5 
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2;" style="text-align:center;" | [[AMR.35 ZT3]]
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Vickers (7.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Vickers (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Vickers]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,500 (250) || 390 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they can be substituted with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's devblog entry (if applicable) and the ingame encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain light tanks}}

A13 Mk II 1939

2019-11-02T16:52:59Z

U47136605: /* Description */ added second event that provided it as an event vehicle

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_a_13_mk2_1939
|market=Mark IV A13 Mk.II (Britain)
}}
{{About
|about=light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=A13 (Family)
}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. The tank was added in [[Update_1.53_"Firestorm"|Update 1.53 "Firestorm"]] and was one of the first British tanks introduced in the game. It was available for purchase during the early stages of the British tanks introduction, but has since been removed from the store. However, it briefly became available on two different occasions: first, during the 2017 April Fools event when Gaijin made it available in the "A Very British Exit" Pack; second, during the War Thunder 7 Years anniversary event. It is now obtainable through the War Bond shop, located inside the Battle trophy (vehicle) III, and therefore is always available via the Gaijin Marketplace.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?''

''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forward and backward.''

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Ordnance QF 2-pounder (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Ordnance QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm OQF 2-pounder]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 87 || -15°/+20° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 15.2 || __.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 9.50 || 11.20 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.64 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 71 || 68 || 52 || 37 || 27 || 19
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APCBC/T || APCBC || 88 || 83 || 64 || 46 || 33 || 24
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 80 || 78 || 67 || 56 || 47 || 40
|-
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 65 || 62 || 49 || 36 || 26 || 20
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 792 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APCBC/T || APCBC || 792 || 1.24 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 853 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 792 || 1.08 || 1.2 || 9 || 19 || +4° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
'''Last updated: 1.77.2.128'''
[[File:Ammoracks_A13MkI.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the A13 Mk I.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |11th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |12th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |13th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |14th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |15th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |16th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''87''' || 78 ''(+9)'' || 75 ''(+12)'' || 72 ''(+15)'' || 69 ''(+18)'' || 66 ''(+21)'' || 62 ''(+25)'' || 60 ''(+27)'' || 56 ''(+31)'' || 51 ''(+36)'' || 47 ''(+40)'' || 43 ''(+44)'' || 41 ''(+46)'' || 36 ''(+51)'' || 31 ''(+56)'' || 16 ''(+71)'' || 1 ''(+86)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

Center hull empty: 41 ''(+46)''

=== Optics ===

''Explain how the optic's status can affect the tank's gameplay in any unique or meaningful way. A comparison to rival tanks of the rank is welcome.''

''If you are having problems with it, refer to the [[Optics|optics gallery]] page for examples.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! Which ones
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| x1.85 || x3.5 
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2;" style="text-align:center;" | [[AMR.35 ZT3]]
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Vickers (7.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Vickers (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Vickers]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,500 (250) || 390 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they can be substituted with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's devblog entry (if applicable) and the ingame encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain light tanks}}

F.222.2

2019-11-01T22:09:21Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card|code=f_222_2}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_F.222.2.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} French bomber {{Battle-rating}}. This bomber was introduced in [[Update 1.73 "Vive la France"]].

The Farman F.222.2 is the first French bomber in the tech tree lineup. Most nations in War Thunder start with small to medium two-engined bombers which can drop a few bombs, though the Italians step it up with the three-engined S.81 bomber; however, this does not come close to the French. Showing up to dominate the early ground-pounding scene, the F.222.2 is the biggest, heaviest, least manoeuvrable, and hardest hitting bomber early in the game, at a measly battle rating of {{Specs|br|ab}}. This massive bomber’s empty weight is more substantial than the Italian S.81’s loaded weight!

The F.222.2 features a parasol wing setup with four radial engines set up in a push-pull configuration. This engine setup allows the pulling engines to turbocharge the wind passing through the pushing engines adding needed horsepower. This also, unfortunately, concentrates the engines into close quarters, making it easier for enemy fighters to hit them. While this aircraft has the potential to soak up a lot of 7.5 mm bullets (even some 20 mm), the wings potentially provide an Achilles heel of the aircraft. Each wing contains eight massive fuel tanks which do not self-seal when hit, and they are prone to catch on fire. A burning F.222.2 will not last long before structural fatigue sets in and the wings buckle.

With a huge target to fend off incoming fighters, the F.222.2 is not without any defences. This bomber is protected by three turrets: one ventral, one dorsal, and one in the nose. All three turrets feature a single [https://wiki.warthunder.com/Mle_33_(7.5_mm) Darne Mle 33 7.5 mm machine gun]. It may not seem like much, though against small fighter aircraft which lack any armour, chances are the gunners will rupture the fighter’s engine, oil coolers, water coolers, fuel tanks, or even incapacitate the pilot leading to an aerial victory. Fighters looking for a fast and “free-kill” when going after the F.222.2 should think twice before just rumbling up on the bomber’s doorstep, as they may find themselves on a one-way trip to the ground in a heap.

The massive F.222.2 has one purpose, and that is to drop bombs, lots of bombs! This massive aircraft initially carries 52 x 50 kg bombs. Later upgrades will include 100 kg, 200 kg, and 500 kg bombs, maxing the payload out at 2,700 kg! Payloads this size can take out columns of vehicles and, even in up-tiered situations, can do massive damage against enemy bases. This bomber works best at lower altitudes such as between 100 and 500 m, though this beast is nimble enough to bomb targets from as low as 50 m off of the deck. This huge bomber can be a bit frustrating at first, but as modules are unlocked and added, the aircraft can take more damage. It can be surprising how long it survives even though it is full of holes and is trailing smoke from several of its surfaces.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
|-
! colspan="9" | Characteristics
|-
! rowspan="2" | Condition
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,400 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ''Stock'' || 385 || 366 || rowspan="2" |{{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.8 || 33.0 || 11.1 || 6.4 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
| ''Upgraded'' || 383 || 366 || 31.2 || 33.0 || 9.3|| 6.4
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || ??? || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < ??? || < ??? || < ??? || > ???
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| ?,??? m || ??? hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Vulnerable fuel tanks in the wings
* Huge aircraft, slow and large target

== Armaments ==

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.A.M.Mn 50 (50 kg)|№.1 (100 kg)|№.1 (200 kg)|№.2 (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* 52 x 50 kg G.A.M.Mn 50 bombs (total = 2,600 kg)
* 7 x 100 kg №.1 bombs + 5 x 200 kg №.1 bombs (total = 1,700 kg)
* 4 x 500 kg №.2 bombs (total = 2,000 kg)
* 7 x 100 kg №.1 bombs + 10 x 200 kg №.1 bombs (total = 2,700 kg)

[[File:BomberImage_F222.2_Carpetbombing.jpg|350px|thumb|right|An F.222.2 carpet bombing AA vehicles with {{PAGENAME}} bombs.]]
Game style will change depending on the type of bomb payload chosen. For usage on early maps without bases, the 52 G.A.M.Mn bombs will be the payload of choice. These small bombs used from a low altitude provide a scatter effect, where they can be dropped in a column, allowing for convoys of vehicles or multiple cluster sites of artillery to be bombed in one run. Utilising the 50 kg bombs from higher altitudes against vehicles is discouraged, as they tend to scatter out of the effective explosive range of the bombs by the time they get to the ground. Low bombing runs against vehicles hits them before they have time to scatter.

Conversely, the larger bombs tend to be less effective against small vehicle targets, especially from higher altitudes which give them time to scatter and move out of the effective explosive range. The 100kg, 200kg, and 500 kg bombs are very effective against stationary and hardened targets such as AAA sites, pillboxes, and bases. Base bombing is very effective from higher altitudes, especially if there is fighter escort which will help provide the bomber time to get to the site and drop its payload.

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Darne 1933 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 7.5 mm Mle 33 machine gun, nose turret (1,000 rpg = 1,000 total)
* 1 x 7.5 mm Mle 33 machine gun, dorsal turret (720 rpg = 720 total)
* 1 x 7.5 mm Mle 33 machine gun, ventral turret (720 rpg = 720 total)

The F.222.2 has decent turret coverage when it comes to defences. With one turret in the nose of the aircraft and the other two located at the dorsal and ventral positions, the bomber is capable of defending itself from attacks from multiple angles. Early fighters typically do not have any armour protection. As such, if they approach from the rear of the F.222 2, they are likely to take critical damage. Be aware of fighters approaching from the side, since there are more blind spots from this angle. From here, they will be targeting either the engines or the wings which contain huge fuel tanks. Do not be afraid to chase or saddle up next to enemy fighters in order to give the turret gunners a chance to unload on the fighters and potentially score an aerial victory.

== Usage in battles ==


[[File:BomberImage_F222.2_BellyTurret.jpg|350px|thumb|right|A view of the bombing damage as seen from the F.222.2's ventral turret during a bombing run.]]
The F.222.2 is a heavy hitting bomber with okay manoeuvrability at low altitude and low airspeed, and can carry a staggering 52x50 kg bombs while still in stock configuration. Combined with its frequent presence in Ground Strike matches with only light vehicles, it will make short work of any (or even all) groups of armoured cars and SPAA it crosses paths with, in addition to destroying an opposing team's entire complement of AAA and artillery in short order.

Additionally, the ability to carry larger bomb loads later in its upgrade tree turns it into an exceptionally capable base killer, often time wiping out bases solo without sacrificing its heavy-hitting power against armoured columns. With some skill (and an escort from friendly fighters), the F.222.2 can wipe out an entire column of medium tank AI targets in a single pass, with enough firepower left over to seriously cripple another column.

It is important to match the altitude flown with the payload type chosen as lower altitudes (100 - 500 m or even lower) when utilising the 50 kg bombs against moving targets, whereas higher altitudes are preferred when utilising larger ordinance against stationary targets. On maps where controlling an airfield is key, do not be afraid to "carpet bomb" the runway to prevent enemy aircraft from taking over the airfield or out-right destroy those which have landed. Be aware of friendly aircraft which may also be on the runway as the bombs do not discriminate who they damage/destroy.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Automatic pitch || Controllable || Not controllable || Combined || Controllable || Not controllable
|-
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| 200 GPs
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
| 500 GPs
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
| 200 GPs S5
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Impressive bomb load
* Different bomb options make this bomber very versatile
* Fuselage can absorb a lot of damage
* Once at altitude, it can be difficult to reach for reserve planes
* Default load consists of 52 x 50 kg bombs, enough to destroy all the mini bases in air RB.
* Can keep flying even after it loses 2 engines

'''Cons:'''

* Incredibly slow and very heavy
* Engines are very vulnerable to enemy weapons
* Slow speed, heavyweight, and no takeoff flaps make taking off when fully loaded very difficult
* High repair cost for a rank 1 bomber
* Long takeoff distance
* Vulnerable to fast climbing, well-armed aircraft like the MiG 3
* Armament is slightly underwhelming for such a large aircraft

== History ==


Farman Aviation Works began working on the F.220 bomber design in 1925. This aircraft was based on a successful earlier design of the F.211 which was a parasol wing, four-engine monoplane utilising tractor and pusher engines. While the F.211 never entered production, it served as a base for the F.220 to be designed and built from. The first successful flight of the F.220 happened on 26 May 1932.

The F.220 was a success in of itself, however, Farman made several modifications to improve the design which included a new vertical stabilizer, rebuilding the nose and ventral turret to fully enclose them and upgrading the old V-engines to new radial versions. After these modifications, the new version of the F.220 made its maiden flight in 1933.

In 1936, another variant, the F.222 first flew and this bomber incorporated retractable landing gear which reduced drag and was not available on earlier versions. A total of twenty-four aircraft of this version where produced and began service in Armee de I’Air in 1937 and was tasked with performing night bombings raids over Germany in May and June of 1940.

The F.222.2 bomber which is featured in the game had a redesigned nose and changed out the engines from Gnome-Rhône 14Kdrs engines to Gnome-Rhône 14N-11 engines.

The later F.223 which came after the F.222 saw significant changes, not only to name as it became NC.223 after Farman was absorbed into Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre (SNCAC) which was the nationalisation of both Farman Aviation Works and Hanriot in 1936. The aircraft’s tail section was reworked and went from a single vertical stabilizer to a twin-stabilizer setup and the fuselage was refined to be more aerodynamic. Another upgrade came in the form of changes to the ventral and dorsal turret weapons. The Mle 33 7.5 mm machine guns were replaced with the more powerful H.S. 404 20 mm autocannons.

On 7 June 1940, a variant NC 223.4 of the French Naval Aviation was the first allied bomber to fly into Germany and bomb Berlin, the flight dropped eight 250 kg and 80 x 10 kg bombs on Germany’s capital. While the ordinance was not much, the psychological impact was the goal and the raid was reproduced three days later. NC 223 bombers continued to serve in bombing roles until June 1940 when they were transferred to North Africa to fulfil the role of transport aircraft.

== Media ==

<gallery mode="packed-hover">
Image:f.222.2_WT_poster1.jpg|Farman F.222.2
Image:f.222.2_WT_poster2.jpg|Farman F.222.2
Image:f.222.2_WT_poster3.jpg|Farman F.222.2
Image:f.222.2_WT_poster4.jpg|Farman F.222.2
Image:f.222.2_WT_poster5.jpg|Farman F.222.2
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5047-development-farman-f-222-2-big-heavy-yours-en [News<nowiki>]</nowiki> - Farman F.222.2 Big! Heavy! Yours!]

{{France bombers}}

Yak-17

2019-10-31T23:50:08Z

U47136605: grammar / readability/ YT link, some formatting updates in ''usage in battles''

{{Specs-Card|code=yak-17}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.33]].

Similar to its hybrid predecessors, the Yak-17 is arguably one of the most underestimated aircraft in the game. Although its stat card reveals what would be considered "sub-par" performance and armament, the Yak-17 is both a unique and deadly fighter. Unlike its propeller-driven counterparts, this first generation jet aircraft wields the ability to hold on to energy in a straight line, whereas prop aircraft will slowly lose speed. This, coupled with its good rate of turn, allows the Yak-17 to defend itself against both propeller and jet-powered aircraft, which is what it will normally face in all game modes.

The Yak-17's major faults include a low top speed, poor acceleration, little armor protection, and small ammunition pool. These collectively make this aircraft harder to use than other first-generation jet aircraft such as the [[He_162_A-2|He 162 A-2]], the [[Meteor_F_Mk_3|Meteor F. Mk.3]], and the [[F-80A-5]]. Although it is driven by a jet engine, it is important to recognize the faults and oddities within this aircraft series, as they are not representative of the traditional "jet fighter" at all. The Yak-17 is most easily viewed as a late-war [[Yak-3]] powered by a jet engine and with different armament. The Yak-17 differs from the previous [[Yak-15]] and [[Yak-15P]] in that it has a different cockpit layout, a different gun sight, and tricycle landing gear. The Yak-17 also carries two fuel pods on the end of each wing, similar to the [[MiG-9_/L|MiG-9/Late]]. Having a tricycle landing gear set instead of the previous two-wheeled design allows the Yak-17 to slow down easily when landing due to the drag of the extra wheel, and land easier, as there is no chance of the aircraft flipping from excessive braking. Thus, the Yak-17 performs almost identically to the Yak-15 and Yak-15P as its "stat card" shows.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 720 || 700 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.3 || 20.2 || 19.9 || 19.4 || 366
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ???
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 520 || ~26 || ~20
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 380 || < 420 || < 500 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 910 kgf || No WEP
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 55 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 8.5 mm Steel plate in pilot's seat.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|NS-23 (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 23 mm NS-23 cannons, nose-mounted (60 rpg = 120 total)

== Usage in battles ==

=== Arcade Battles ===
In arcade battles, the Yak-17 is capable of breaking up a "furball" due to its impressive turn time. This, coupled with its hard-hitting cannons, makes any Yak-17 pilot an indispensable asset to any arcade team.

=== Realistic Battles ===
In realistic battles, climbing with this aircraft at the start of a match is not always the best course of action, considering how poor the Yak-17's rate of climb is. Instead of the traditional slow angled climb, the Yak-17 is best used in a "zoom climb", where once enough energy has been built up at a low altitude, the Yak-17 pilot will quickly pitch up, thus gaining a lot of altitude quickly. This way, if attacked during the first few minutes of the match, the Yak-17 still wields some energy, whereas had the Yak-17 been slowly climbing, it would have had to face another aircraft's guns.

In order to shake an enemy, especially one that is propeller driven, dive low to the ground to ensure your assailant's speed only decreases. This is called a "speed trap", and can either be followed by a "hammerhead" attack or a continuation of the escape. This tactic of utilizing the Yak-17's ability to hold on to energy in a straight line is negated when facing other jet aircraft who wield the same ability. This is where the Yak-17's dog fighting abilities come into play. Because it is so similar to the Yak-3 and the previous Yakovlev jets, the Yak-17 retains some of their maneuverability characteristics, namely their turn times. This facet often proves an indispensable one, as other first generation jets will not be able to maintain a tight enough turn circle.

=== General Usage ===
Like its predecessors, the Yak-17 is severely hampered in its damage output due to its reliance on a single set of 23 mm NS-23 cannons, with 120 shells total. It is possible to expend this pool in seconds. The Yak-17 shares this downfall with aircraft like the [[Ki-200|Ki-200]] and the [[Me_163_B|Me-163]]. Firing in small, accurate bursts negates this problem, and is the most efficient way of destroying enemies. The 23 mm shells these cannons fire are extremely deadly when they hit, often ripping enemies apart on impact.

To use the cannons most effectively, only fire when you are close to your target. The reason for this is twofold: First, the limited ammo means you want your shots to count. Being close to your target will give your cannons the highest chance of hitting. The second reason is because of the ballistics of the 23 mm shells - their muzzle velocity is not very high, meaning you have to lead your targets by quite a bit. If you are closer to your target, you won't have to lead them by quite as much, though it will still have to be more than other cannons.

With some practice, it is possible to consistently get 3 fighter kills with one load of ammunition in realistic battles. Using the Air Targets belt is the most effective. However, attacking bombers is best left to other planes with more firepower, since the Yak-17 does not have the firepower or ammunition to reliably kill heavy bombers without sustaining heavy damage. Heavy fighters such as the [[F7F-1]] may also take longer to destroy than other fighters.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
|
|
| Offensive 23 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
|
|
| New 23 mm Cannons
|-
| IV
|
| Engine
| Cover
|
|-
|}

*Obtaining the "Offensive 23 mm" modification is the best choice for your first module, as it allows for more flexibility in armament. Next, try to obtain the "compressor" and "engine" upgrades, as they both increase engine thrust which is essential in escaping from a dogfight turned sour. Finally, obtain the rest of the performance upgrades as they will all collectively increase top speed, turn time, and rate of climb.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent turn time for a jet fighter
* Good armament
* Very good roll rate
* Fairly responsive at higher speeds

'''Cons:'''

* Slow compared to other jet fighters in BR
* Low ammunition count
* Poor rate of climb
* Poor acceleration
* Minimal armor protection
* Inability to carry a payload

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

{{Youtube-gallery|zfACMogNw7w|War Thunder Realistic: Yak-17 [Extreme!]}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR jet aircraft}}

J29D

2019-10-30T20:23:10Z

U47136605: /* Survivability and armour */

{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_j29d
|store=7174
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

When conjuring up thoughts of fighter jets, many would initially think of a sleek, weapon-laden fast jet which would almost rival a hot-rod in the car world. When presented with the {{PAGENAME}}, most people would cock their head to the side with a puzzled look on their face. It's a good thing that fighter jets are not determined by looks alone! The {{PAGENAME}} is, for lack of a better phrase, a "wolf in sheep's clothing", initially laughed at as being the "chubby kid on the block". Once up in the air, however it is quickly realised that this rotund little fighter is a dynamic powerhouse!

While many other nations were fixated on designing straight-wing aircraft, the Swedes were busy exploiting the knowledge of former Messerschmitt engineers in implementing swept wings onto their fighters. With this and other improvements, the {{PAGENAME}} was found to be pretty fast during its trials. Although it was not supersonic, it was pushing 900 km/h. It handled like a dream, being extremely quick and agile. The nose of the aircraft was bristling with four 30 mm ADEN autocannons, and various types of suspended ordnance could be outfitted, including light rockets, heavy anti-ship rockets, air-to-air rockets, and guided missiles. Sweden didn't have the money to develop aircraft specifically for a combat role, so they designed their {{PAGENAME}} to do it all and do it well. Depending on the load-out, the {{PAGENAME}} could fly like a fighter, interceptor, bomber, or a combination of the three. This functionality comes in very handy as in-game spawns can lead to a map with specific requirements and the pilot will have no problems configuring the weapons of this aircraft to fit the mission, whereas some other contemporary fighters are quite limited in their options.

If not kept in check, the {{PAGENAME}} can quickly become the bully on the block hard-charging into the battlefield, wreaking havoc and then departing without a second thought. If two fighters are headed your way, your best bet will be to take out the {{PAGENAME}} first or it will likely nab you in the rear and send you down in flames.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===


When flying the {{PAGENAME}}, it is hoped that enemy pilots will take one look, chuckle, and not take the rotund Swedish fighter seriously, only to learn the hard way they were wrong. The {{PAGENAME}} has the speed, agility, and ordnance to be considered a powerhouse in the sky. Being outfitted with an afterburning engine, the {{PAGENAME}} can fly upwards of 1,000 km/h and climbs up to altitude at a whipping 55 metres per second. This allows the fighter to get in and out of contested areas to engage its targets of choice. This fighter was built for speed and agility and uses these characteristics to show up other aircraft which may be faster or bulkier, sidestepping their attacks and jumping back in to nab the kill. Thanks to the way the four ADEN cannons are mounted when the {{PAGENAME}} lines up a target and fires, it is almost like a 30 mm shotgun being fired off. A tight spread of 30 mm rounds heads downfield, and when impacting another aircraft, rarely is there enough left of the plane to fly.

The {{PAGENAME}} is as comfortable up at altitude as it is down at just above ground level. The fighter is a stable platform when it comes to ground attack, with good acceleration characteristics when the time comes to peel off the ground targets and manoeuvre back up to altitude with the other fighters. Being specially designed to reduce as much drag as possible, the swept-back wings help extend the breakage limits of the wings, especially when this fighter is in a dive.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 1,032 || 1,027 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.2 || 30.8 || 11.8 || 8.3 || 800
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 1,048 || 1,040 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.8 || 29.0 || 33.6 || 22 || 800
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 520 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 650 || < 640 || < 450 || N/A
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 2,070 kgf || 2,484 kgf
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


;Armour

* 64 mm bulletproof canopy windscreen
* 10 mm steel plate behind pilot's seat
* 10 mm steel plate in nose

The stout little {{PAGENAME}} is a sneaky little fighter which might be underestimated during a head-on. A 64 mm bulletproof windscreen is in place, which, since it is sloped, provides 165 mm total protection, allowing the pilot to have a greater chance of survival in a head-on. However, unless highly experienced, pilots should avoid head-ons, especially against aircraft such as the [[Super Mystere B2]] and the [[G.91 YS]] which also feature 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons. Make sure to avoid the B2 as well, as the AA.20 air-to-air guided rockets will make the {{PAGENAME}} have a hard time standing up to this aircraft.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Akan m/55 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 30 mm Akan m/55 cannons, nose-mounted (100 rpg = 400 total)

The {{PAGENAME}}, like many of the fighters of the time, got away from machine guns and was outfitted with harder-hitting autocannons, in this case, 30 mm ADEN cannons. The cannons are clustered around the central air-intake of the aircraft, resulting in optimal fire control as convergence is not an issue. However, the pilot must still correct for bullet drop for the 30 mm rounds. The four ADEN cannons only have 100 rounds per gun, requiring the pilot to exercise trigger control so not to waste ammunition. With these harder hitting rounds however, only a quick burst is needed to send an aircraft down in a flaming heap.

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|m/49|m/49A|m/51|m/55}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 24 x m/55 rockets
* 14 x m/49A rockets
* 14 x m/51 rockets
* 4 x m/49 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


Although the J29D is a fast jet capable of reaching high speed, at start it can be pretty slow. The J29D has the chance to fight supersonic jets at its BR which it can't hunt down by itself. As such, the J29D is best used in teamwork with other jets to either catch up to the enemy plane or make them do manoeuvres to bleed some speed so the J29D can catch up. If faced with subsonic jets, it can keep up with them and stay on its tail thanks to the its manoeuvrability. For the daredevils, the J29D has an excellent armarment of choice to do head-ons with. These loadouts would be best put to use if no teammate around to help you fight the enemy. Because the J29D has slow acceleration at the start of the game, it can have a hard time intercepting enemies at first. As the battle progresses and you will have worked up speed, this task will be made much easier.

The J29D can also be used as a excellent ground attacker for more experienced players who are used to aiming unguided rockets. It has a variety of rockets, allowing you to sufficiently take out a wide variety of targets (light, medium, heavy, etc.). With most loads having more than 10 rockets, an experienced player can take out a few ground targets each spawn. Along with the rockets, the four thirty millimeter guns, given the proper belt choice, can inflict heavy damage upon soft and somewhat hard targets as well.

Even as a excellent fighter, the J92D has dangerous enemies, mainly supersonic jets like MiG-17 and Anti-Air Missile holding jets like G.91 YS and Swift F.7.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| m/55
|-
| II
|
|
| Airframe
|
| m/49A
|-
| III
| Wings repair
|
|
| New 30 mm cannons
| m/51
|-
| IV
|
| Engine
| Cover
|
| m/49
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast and agile
* Multi-role aircraft (fighter/bomber/interceptor)
* Four nose-mounted 30 mm Akan autocannons

'''Cons:'''

* Rotund - larger target profile
* Subsonic aircraft flying against supersonic aircraft

== History ==

Following World War II, Sweden felt that they had fallen behind in technological advancements when it came to military aircraft and strove to rectify the situation while beefing up they considered was their current weak air defence. Jet propulsion technology was cutting-edge and Sweden was not to be left out. In 1945, Sweden's leading aeronautical firm began to work on design ideas of potential future fighter aircraft. Through a design contest, a clear winner emerged which was a barrel-shaped fighter which promised to be the faster and more agile of the proposed aircraft, this fighter was given the codename "R 1001".

Initially designed with a straight wing, newly acquired German research data and even some Messerschmitt engineers themselves who fled to Sweden made the recommended change to wings with a 25-degree sweep, which highly stabilized and reduced the aircraft's drag as it approached the sound barrier. Adding to the aerodynamics of the wing shape, it was decided to not house the landing gear in the wings, but instead to have them retract into the fuselage of the aircraft. Wind-tunnel testing led to the refinement of wings and the fuselage of the aircraft. A straight-through airflow (from nose to engine to exhaust) was determined to be the best and easiest course of action for this aircraft and though initially, the de Havilland Goblin turbojet engine was to be used, it was determined that the newer de Havilland Ghost engine was already configured for a central circular air intake and would require the least amount of modifications to implement.

Though through testing many faults and problems developed, each of these was addressed and mitigated so that in September 1948, the Saab 29 prototype was ready for its initial flight. The test pilot chosen for this flight was Englishman, Squadron Leader Robert A. "Bob" Moore. The test flight lasted for a half of an hour and after a successful landing, Moore commented on the aircraft stating that "on the ground, it's an ugly duckling â€“ in the air, a swift." Like many aircraft which pick up a nick-name due to a specific feature or shape, the J 29 became known as the "Flygande Tunnan" (''The Flying Barrel'') or just "Tunnan" for short. Initially thought of as degrading, the nick-name Tunnan became the officially adopted name for this fighter.

Starting in 1948, production began and ran through 1956 when all-in-all, five variants of the J 29 (J 29A, J 29B, S 29C, J 29E, and the J 29F) were produced and put into active service. A total of 661 Tunnans were rolled off of the assembly room floor which over the years and out of all of the Saab aircraft produced, was the largest production run for Saab.

The J 29 is the first swedish aircraft to see combat.In september 1961 after the United Nations asked for military support, five J 29Bs were stationed in the Republic of Congo to contribute to a UN peacekeeping mission (ONUC) in the region. The five J 29Bs were later reinforced by four more J 29Bs and two S 29C reconnaissance planes in 1962. No aircraft were lost during the ONUC despite large amounts of ground fire. When the ONUC was terminated in 1964, some of the swedish aircraft were destroyed at their base as they were no longer needed at home and the cost to brong them home was deemed excessive.

===[[wt:en/news/6444-development-swedish-aircraft-in-war-thunder-saab-j29d-jet-powered-fighter-en|Devblog]]===

While Sweden traditionally imported a great deal of military tech, including in its aircraft, Swedish aeronautical engineers nevertheless developed and built combat aircraft of their own design. Like the leading world powers, in the immediate post-war years Sweden focused its research capabilities on jet-powered aircraft. Even before the outbreak of World War II, research into jet engines was already taking place in Sweden, and the war gave industry experts the opportunity to acquire priceless experience studying the progress made by other countries, Germany in particular.

At the beginning of 1945, a project to build the first jet-powered fighter was born deep in SAAB headquarters. Immediately after the end of the war, Swedes bought the license to produce turbojet engines from the British company de Havilland, and they began converting their J-21 piston-engine fighters to jet-engine fighters. With the arrival of the new Ghost engine from the Brits and promising research into swept wings, SAAB began developing a fundamentally new kind of fighter, initially planned to be fitted with a jet engine. Within a short time, the Swedish Air Force received the J29 Tunnan. Named after the Swedish word for "barrel", based on its shape.

The Tunnan was an awkward-looking machine, but one with superb flight characteristics for the time, enabled by its swept wings. Judge for yourselves: successful testing took place in 1948, followed by mass production in 1951, and by 1954 the J29B modification set the world speed record in a closed circuit. That's impressive!

== Media ==



;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|YD22i7Y8wHg|'''Saab 29 Tunnan''' - ''jaglavaksoldier''|trg7eAT53uQ|'''Waddington International Airshow 2013, Saab 29 Tunnan''' - ''
greeymen''}}
{{break}}
== See also ==


;Comparable aircraft

* [[M.D.450B Ouragan]]
* [[Super Mystere B2]]
* [[Hunter F 1]]
* [[MiG-9]]
* [[MiG-15]]
* [[F-86 (Family)|F-86]]
* [[La-15]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6444-development-swedish-aircraft-in-war-thunder-saab-j29d-jet-powered-fighter-en|[Devblog] SAAB J 29D Jet Powered Fighter]]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=224| (militaryfactory.com website) - Saab J29 Tunnan (Barrel) - Single-seat jet-powered fighter aircraft]
* [https://www.fighter-planes.com/info/j29.htm| (fighter-planes.com website) - J29 Tunnan SAAB]
* [http://plasticfantastique.com/walk_arounds/walkaround-the-saab-29-tunnan/| (plasticfantastique.com websites) - Walk around the SAAB 29 Tunnan (Picture gallery)]

{{Sweden jet aircraft}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

J29D

2019-10-30T20:22:02Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_j29d
|store=7174
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

When conjuring up thoughts of fighter jets, many would initially think of a sleek, weapon-laden fast jet which would almost rival a hot-rod in the car world. When presented with the {{PAGENAME}}, most people would cock their head to the side with a puzzled look on their face. It's a good thing that fighter jets are not determined by looks alone! The {{PAGENAME}} is, for lack of a better phrase, a "wolf in sheep's clothing", initially laughed at as being the "chubby kid on the block". Once up in the air, however it is quickly realised that this rotund little fighter is a dynamic powerhouse!

While many other nations were fixated on designing straight-wing aircraft, the Swedes were busy exploiting the knowledge of former Messerschmitt engineers in implementing swept wings onto their fighters. With this and other improvements, the {{PAGENAME}} was found to be pretty fast during its trials. Although it was not supersonic, it was pushing 900 km/h. It handled like a dream, being extremely quick and agile. The nose of the aircraft was bristling with four 30 mm ADEN autocannons, and various types of suspended ordnance could be outfitted, including light rockets, heavy anti-ship rockets, air-to-air rockets, and guided missiles. Sweden didn't have the money to develop aircraft specifically for a combat role, so they designed their {{PAGENAME}} to do it all and do it well. Depending on the load-out, the {{PAGENAME}} could fly like a fighter, interceptor, bomber, or a combination of the three. This functionality comes in very handy as in-game spawns can lead to a map with specific requirements and the pilot will have no problems configuring the weapons of this aircraft to fit the mission, whereas some other contemporary fighters are quite limited in their options.

If not kept in check, the {{PAGENAME}} can quickly become the bully on the block hard-charging into the battlefield, wreaking havoc and then departing without a second thought. If two fighters are headed your way, your best bet will be to take out the {{PAGENAME}} first or it will likely nab you in the rear and send you down in flames.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===


When flying the {{PAGENAME}}, it is hoped that enemy pilots will take one look, chuckle, and not take the rotund Swedish fighter seriously, only to learn the hard way they were wrong. The {{PAGENAME}} has the speed, agility, and ordnance to be considered a powerhouse in the sky. Being outfitted with an afterburning engine, the {{PAGENAME}} can fly upwards of 1,000 km/h and climbs up to altitude at a whipping 55 metres per second. This allows the fighter to get in and out of contested areas to engage its targets of choice. This fighter was built for speed and agility and uses these characteristics to show up other aircraft which may be faster or bulkier, sidestepping their attacks and jumping back in to nab the kill. Thanks to the way the four ADEN cannons are mounted when the {{PAGENAME}} lines up a target and fires, it is almost like a 30 mm shotgun being fired off. A tight spread of 30 mm rounds heads downfield, and when impacting another aircraft, rarely is there enough left of the plane to fly.

The {{PAGENAME}} is as comfortable up at altitude as it is down at just above ground level. The fighter is a stable platform when it comes to ground attack, with good acceleration characteristics when the time comes to peel off the ground targets and manoeuvre back up to altitude with the other fighters. Being specially designed to reduce as much drag as possible, the swept-back wings help extend the breakage limits of the wings, especially when this fighter is in a dive.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 1,032 || 1,027 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.2 || 30.8 || 11.8 || 8.3 || 800
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 1,048 || 1,040 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.8 || 29.0 || 33.6 || 22 || 800
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 520 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 650 || < 640 || < 450 || N/A
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 2,070 kgf || 2,484 kgf
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


;Armour

* 64 mm bulletproof canopy windscreen
* 10 mm steel plate behind pilot's seat
* 10 mm steel plate in nose

The stout little {{PAGENAME}} is a sneaky little fighter which might be underestimated during a head-on. A 64 mm bulletproof windscreen is in place, which, since it is sloped, provides 165 mm total protection, allowing the pilot to have a greater chance of survival in a head-on. However, unless highly experienced, pilots should avoid head-ons, especially against aircraft such as the [[Super Mystere B2]] and the [[G.91 YS]] which also feature 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons. Make sure to avoid the B2 as well, as the AA.20 air-to-air guided rockets will make the{{PAGENAME}} will have a hard time standing up to this aircraft.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Akan m/55 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 30 mm Akan m/55 cannons, nose-mounted (100 rpg = 400 total)

The {{PAGENAME}}, like many of the fighters of the time, got away from machine guns and was outfitted with harder-hitting autocannons, in this case, 30 mm ADEN cannons. The cannons are clustered around the central air-intake of the aircraft, resulting in optimal fire control as convergence is not an issue. However, the pilot must still correct for bullet drop for the 30 mm rounds. The four ADEN cannons only have 100 rounds per gun, requiring the pilot to exercise trigger control so not to waste ammunition. With these harder hitting rounds however, only a quick burst is needed to send an aircraft down in a flaming heap.

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|m/49|m/49A|m/51|m/55}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 24 x m/55 rockets
* 14 x m/49A rockets
* 14 x m/51 rockets
* 4 x m/49 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


Although the J29D is a fast jet capable of reaching high speed, at start it can be pretty slow. The J29D has the chance to fight supersonic jets at its BR which it can't hunt down by itself. As such, the J29D is best used in teamwork with other jets to either catch up to the enemy plane or make them do manoeuvres to bleed some speed so the J29D can catch up. If faced with subsonic jets, it can keep up with them and stay on its tail thanks to the its manoeuvrability. For the daredevils, the J29D has an excellent armarment of choice to do head-ons with. These loadouts would be best put to use if no teammate around to help you fight the enemy. Because the J29D has slow acceleration at the start of the game, it can have a hard time intercepting enemies at first. As the battle progresses and you will have worked up speed, this task will be made much easier.

The J29D can also be used as a excellent ground attacker for more experienced players who are used to aiming unguided rockets. It has a variety of rockets, allowing you to sufficiently take out a wide variety of targets (light, medium, heavy, etc.). With most loads having more than 10 rockets, an experienced player can take out a few ground targets each spawn. Along with the rockets, the four thirty millimeter guns, given the proper belt choice, can inflict heavy damage upon soft and somewhat hard targets as well.

Even as a excellent fighter, the J92D has dangerous enemies, mainly supersonic jets like MiG-17 and Anti-Air Missile holding jets like G.91 YS and Swift F.7.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| m/55
|-
| II
|
|
| Airframe
|
| m/49A
|-
| III
| Wings repair
|
|
| New 30 mm cannons
| m/51
|-
| IV
|
| Engine
| Cover
|
| m/49
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast and agile
* Multi-role aircraft (fighter/bomber/interceptor)
* Four nose-mounted 30 mm Akan autocannons

'''Cons:'''

* Rotund - larger target profile
* Subsonic aircraft flying against supersonic aircraft

== History ==

Following World War II, Sweden felt that they had fallen behind in technological advancements when it came to military aircraft and strove to rectify the situation while beefing up they considered was their current weak air defence. Jet propulsion technology was cutting-edge and Sweden was not to be left out. In 1945, Sweden's leading aeronautical firm began to work on design ideas of potential future fighter aircraft. Through a design contest, a clear winner emerged which was a barrel-shaped fighter which promised to be the faster and more agile of the proposed aircraft, this fighter was given the codename "R 1001".

Initially designed with a straight wing, newly acquired German research data and even some Messerschmitt engineers themselves who fled to Sweden made the recommended change to wings with a 25-degree sweep, which highly stabilized and reduced the aircraft's drag as it approached the sound barrier. Adding to the aerodynamics of the wing shape, it was decided to not house the landing gear in the wings, but instead to have them retract into the fuselage of the aircraft. Wind-tunnel testing led to the refinement of wings and the fuselage of the aircraft. A straight-through airflow (from nose to engine to exhaust) was determined to be the best and easiest course of action for this aircraft and though initially, the de Havilland Goblin turbojet engine was to be used, it was determined that the newer de Havilland Ghost engine was already configured for a central circular air intake and would require the least amount of modifications to implement.

Though through testing many faults and problems developed, each of these was addressed and mitigated so that in September 1948, the Saab 29 prototype was ready for its initial flight. The test pilot chosen for this flight was Englishman, Squadron Leader Robert A. "Bob" Moore. The test flight lasted for a half of an hour and after a successful landing, Moore commented on the aircraft stating that "on the ground, it's an ugly duckling â€“ in the air, a swift." Like many aircraft which pick up a nick-name due to a specific feature or shape, the J 29 became known as the "Flygande Tunnan" (''The Flying Barrel'') or just "Tunnan" for short. Initially thought of as degrading, the nick-name Tunnan became the officially adopted name for this fighter.

Starting in 1948, production began and ran through 1956 when all-in-all, five variants of the J 29 (J 29A, J 29B, S 29C, J 29E, and the J 29F) were produced and put into active service. A total of 661 Tunnans were rolled off of the assembly room floor which over the years and out of all of the Saab aircraft produced, was the largest production run for Saab.

The J 29 is the first swedish aircraft to see combat.In september 1961 after the United Nations asked for military support, five J 29Bs were stationed in the Republic of Congo to contribute to a UN peacekeeping mission (ONUC) in the region. The five J 29Bs were later reinforced by four more J 29Bs and two S 29C reconnaissance planes in 1962. No aircraft were lost during the ONUC despite large amounts of ground fire. When the ONUC was terminated in 1964, some of the swedish aircraft were destroyed at their base as they were no longer needed at home and the cost to brong them home was deemed excessive.

===[[wt:en/news/6444-development-swedish-aircraft-in-war-thunder-saab-j29d-jet-powered-fighter-en|Devblog]]===

While Sweden traditionally imported a great deal of military tech, including in its aircraft, Swedish aeronautical engineers nevertheless developed and built combat aircraft of their own design. Like the leading world powers, in the immediate post-war years Sweden focused its research capabilities on jet-powered aircraft. Even before the outbreak of World War II, research into jet engines was already taking place in Sweden, and the war gave industry experts the opportunity to acquire priceless experience studying the progress made by other countries, Germany in particular.

At the beginning of 1945, a project to build the first jet-powered fighter was born deep in SAAB headquarters. Immediately after the end of the war, Swedes bought the license to produce turbojet engines from the British company de Havilland, and they began converting their J-21 piston-engine fighters to jet-engine fighters. With the arrival of the new Ghost engine from the Brits and promising research into swept wings, SAAB began developing a fundamentally new kind of fighter, initially planned to be fitted with a jet engine. Within a short time, the Swedish Air Force received the J29 Tunnan. Named after the Swedish word for "barrel", based on its shape.

The Tunnan was an awkward-looking machine, but one with superb flight characteristics for the time, enabled by its swept wings. Judge for yourselves: successful testing took place in 1948, followed by mass production in 1951, and by 1954 the J29B modification set the world speed record in a closed circuit. That's impressive!

== Media ==



;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|YD22i7Y8wHg|'''Saab 29 Tunnan''' - ''jaglavaksoldier''|trg7eAT53uQ|'''Waddington International Airshow 2013, Saab 29 Tunnan''' - ''
greeymen''}}
{{break}}
== See also ==


;Comparable aircraft

* [[M.D.450B Ouragan]]
* [[Super Mystere B2]]
* [[Hunter F 1]]
* [[MiG-9]]
* [[MiG-15]]
* [[F-86 (Family)|F-86]]
* [[La-15]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6444-development-swedish-aircraft-in-war-thunder-saab-j29d-jet-powered-fighter-en|[Devblog] SAAB J 29D Jet Powered Fighter]]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=224| (militaryfactory.com website) - Saab J29 Tunnan (Barrel) - Single-seat jet-powered fighter aircraft]
* [https://www.fighter-planes.com/info/j29.htm| (fighter-planes.com website) - J29 Tunnan SAAB]
* [http://plasticfantastique.com/walk_arounds/walkaround-the-saab-29-tunnan/| (plasticfantastique.com websites) - Walk around the SAAB 29 Tunnan (Picture gallery)]

{{Sweden jet aircraft}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

P-38E

2019-10-28T22:20:23Z

U47136605: grammar, getting rid of periods at end of bullet points (as per WT Wiki standard)

{{Specs-Card
|code=p-38e
|cockpit=334231/1110009
}}
{{About
| about = American twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = P-38 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.53 "Firestorm"]].

The P-38E is the first of the P-38 vehicles available in game, and is all round a very good plane. It gets an interceptor airspawn on most maps, which allows the P-38 to very often find itself above or at an equal altitude to its opponents. The main strength of the P-38E is its speed and energy retention, so it should be used accordingly - play it as an energy fighter or Boom 'n' Zoomer. The P-38E is also surprisingly manoeuvrable for such a large plane - while it can't outmanoeuvre single-engine fighters, it can put up a good fight.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,012 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 612 || 594 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.1 || 25.0 || 10.5 || 10.5 || 380
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,012 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 661 || 635 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.9 || 23.0 || 17.2 || 13.5 || 380
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 620 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 380 || < 460 || < 500 || > 420
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,800 m || 1,050 hp || 1,176 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 7 mm steel - in front of cockpit
* 7 mm steel - pilot seat
* 10 mm steel behind pilot head
* 38 mm bulletproof glass - behind windscreen

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|AN/M2 (20 mm)|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm AN/M2 cannon, nose-mounted (150 rpg)
* 4 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 2,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 20 mm cannons
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Nose-mounted armaments give great long-range accuracy, no need to worry about convergence
* Fast speeds due to it's two engines that can push it at any altitude
* Great at head-ons

'''Cons:'''

* Very large airframe is easy to hit and burns quite easily
* Easy target when flying slow
* Bad at recovering energy after a dive or when turning
* Can't fly on one engine

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA twin-engine fighters}}

CR.42

2019-10-28T19:57:05Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card|code=fiat_cr42_italy}}
{{About
| about = Italian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the German version
| link-1 = CR.42 (Germany)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = C.R.42 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] along with the initial Italian aviation tree, though a variant existed in the Germany aircraft tech tree prior to the update.

The CR.42 possesses exceptional manoeuvrability, speed, and durability, especially for a biplane. Its armament, which is two Breda-SAFAT .50 calibre machine guns, is quite good as well. However, due to its BR, the majority of aircraft the CR.42 will engage is faster and more heavily armed. The best bet for survival, and getting scores, is to climb to medium altitude and lure fighters into turn fighting. An overwhelming majority of pilots are unwilling to run from a lowly biplane, allowing you to score critical damage before they realize that they have expended all their energy and must extend away from you. By that time, the damage is usually severe enough that they will not be able to accelerate away from you quickly enough to escape further damage.

For the armament belts, the same applies to all other Italian aircraft; generally, you want to use ''Tracers'', ''Anti-air'', or ''Stealth'' since these are the belts that deal the most damage. Shell velocity is low, hence your shots will be increasingly difficult to aim over 300m from the enemy. Only fire at enemies at or below this distance to ensure that your shots will consistently hit. Furthermore, much like the other Italian fighters, the armament is woefully inadequate to deal with bombers, hence it is best to avoid them entirely. If you find yourself the situation where you are attacking bombers, focus on taking out the engines. The only exception to this rule is the very early biplane bombers, such as the [[Swordfish Mk I|Swordfish]] and [[Po-2]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 413 || 402 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.0 || 20.6 || 14.2 || 14.2 || 294
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 447 || 429 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.5 || 19.2 || 21.1 || 17.2 || 294
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 520 || ~13 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 280 || < 240 || < 450 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,300 m || 828 hp || 972 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)

The two machine guns are both mounted on the upper fuselage just in front of the pilot and fire through the propeller arc. Each is armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire together until empty.

== Usage in battles ==

=== Arcade Battles ===
The CR.42 is nothing more than a point-and-shoot arcade-style plane. There is little skill involved at these early rank matches. Therefore, turning is the most appropriate tactic. However, due to the high climb rate, BnZ can be effective strategy in this gamemode. Most monoplanes cannot climb nearly as fast as the CR.42, so you will be able to hold the altitude advantage on them.

=== Realistic and Simulator Battles ===
In Realistic Battles (RB) and Simulator Battles (SB), as in real life, the Falco faces off against advanced mono-wing designs. While this may seem daunting at first, the CR.42 is the pinnacle of biplane evolution, only rivalled by the up-gunned [[I-153P|Chaika]] series. This aircraft begins to show the playstyle that Italian pilots will use for the rest of their in-game career; a situationally dependent switch between Energy-fighting (Boom & Zoom) and turn-fighting.

When flying in simulator battles, visibility is normal for a biplane. Rearward vistas are non-existent while forward vision is hampered by the second strut/wing. The open cockpit does provide decent visibility in general, though.

=== General Usage ===
Something that applies to this plane in all battle modes is its engine. Unlike most other biplanes and the CR.32 before it, this aircraft has a radial engine. This offers several advantages. First, it is able to offer moderate performance at all altitudes. Second, hits to the cooling system are not as damaging as they are to aircraft that have in-line engines. In-line engines will suffer from hits to their water (fluid) cooling systems - even the slightest of hits at all tiers and BRs will either outright disable the engine or make it overheat very fast, and leading to the engine's death. The engine is well-cooled and has no WEP limit, so beginner pilots will not have to worry about cooling issues or rationing Manual Engine Control.

Monoplane opponents are faster and have a superior armament. You will not be able to face these planes in head-ons, nor will you be able to disengage using a high-speed dash. Once you have engaged or been engaged by a monoplane, you '''must''' bring the engagement to an end yourself. The aircraft you have is highly agile, and can easily out-manoeuvre any monoplane it will meet- these primarily being the [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricane family]], [[LaGG-3-11]]<nowiki/>s, the [[P-36 (Family)|P-36 family]], and the [[M.S.405C1]]. This plane can effectively rope-a-dope these aircraft by remaining outside their reach, while continually staying in a sustained, slow, spiral climb that allows it to preserve its speed while forcing the enemy to constantly lose it. Eventually, the enemy will stall, and you will be able to easily pick it off. Stall-fighting is one of this plane's best tactics.

Even Boom & Zoom is feasible, as altitude can be gained quickly; however, the lack of cannon armament forces the pilot to use significant trigger control as well as aiming when diving and attacking opponents at a lower level.
If booming and zooming, watch your speed in a dive. The CR.42 has a speed limit of around 440 - 480 km/h (274 - 300 mph) before the wings begin shaking (i.e. you begin to hear rattling noises, and flashing red text appears on your screen) and eventually completely rip off.

The [[Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)]] is actually very effective for their battle rating. Tracers are by far the best belt at this BR for fighter-on-fighter combat, due to the presence of only API-T rounds, which easily set fire to enemy biplanes and provide good penetration + damage capability. Due to the machine guns being placed in the centre cowl, they provide heavy damage when the fire is focused on your opponent's wings or engine. However, when taking on bigger game such as monoplanes or bombers, it is better to take the Air Targets belt, since it has a belt composition of API-T-API-IAI that allows it to do large amounts of damage when, again, focused on critical modules such as the engines or wings. Thanks to the relatively high rate of climb and ammo pool, this aircraft is good at intercepting twin-engine bombers that begin appearing. However, it is not recommended to attempt this as a beginner pilot. The 12.7 mms will require some experience to aim at the engines of enemy bombers, and in addition, the lack of armour leaves a good possibility for pilot-snipes and critical hits by enemy bombers.

In summary, the CR.42 Falco is a good introduction to the situational hybrid fighting style of later aircraft. It is a severely underappreciated aircraft that deserves more love and usage by pilots and is a forgiving aircraft for beginners to fly.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Not controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable 1 gear || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High speed for a biplane
* Good ammunition count
* Manoeuvrability is sufficient to out turn nearly all non-biplane opponents
* Well armed for a biplane
* Ammo belts use heavy amounts of incendiary ammo

'''Cons:'''

* Poor Energy Retention
* Lightly armed compared to most of the opposition it is faced with
* No options for striking heavy targets
* Turn rate is worse than that of most biplanes
* Poor armour protection

== History ==

The CR.42 was Fiat's attempt at modernising their CR.32 design, which was deployed during the Spanish Civil War with great success. The new fighter would be of all metal construction, with Fiat's new, homegrown A.74 supercharged radial engine. The result was a fast, accurate, and manoeuvrable platform, that, while outdated at the onset of World War II, would be almost the pinnacle of biplane design.

Early in the war, CR.42's were used with some success as escorts, night fighters, and even interceptors. Against the early Hurricanes and Spitfires, Italian and German pilots both were delighted to find that the manoeuvrability of the Falco put it, at the least, on par in a dogfight. However as the war dragged on, and enemy aircraft became faster, the CR.42 was relegated to night harassment, light ground attack, and sparingly used as night fighters.

The CR.42 is also credited with the world's last aerial combat biplane kill. A group of CR.42's based in Croatia under the command of ''Nachtschlachtgruppe 7'' were directed to Grabovica Airfield for a strafing mission. However, the flight was redirected at the last moment to a harassment mission northwest of Sisak, where they were intercepted by P-38's of the 14th Fighter Group. Three Fiats were lost for two P-38's, one of which was claimed by an unknown German pilot.

Over 1,780 were built. The plane was designed by Fiat's Celestino Rosatelli, who was also behind the CR.32 and the B.R. 20. He replaced the 32's inline engine with a less vulnerable air-cooled radial engine. Foreign orders came from Hungary (50), Belgium (34), and Sweden (72). It entered combat service with the Italian 53rd Gruppe in May, 1939. At the start of the war it was the backbone of Italy's fighter force.

Belgium's CR. 42s were the first to see action in May, 1940, claiming 3 aerial victories, but losing most of their fighters on the ground. Italy used them in the 1940 French campaign, the Battle of Britain, and over Greece, the Mediterranean, and Africa, where they sparred with another biplane, the Gloster Gladiator, until the arrival of British Hurricanes and Spitfires. 113 were still in service when Italy surrendered in September, 1943.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy fighters}}

User:U47136605

2019-10-27T22:14:15Z

U47136605: bio update

My name is Adam. You can usually find me improving grammar / readability and adding YouTube links (I try to add one for each vehicle I edit now). At times, I may be filling in missing statcard info for vehicles too, but not often.

P-59A

2019-10-27T19:06:27Z

U47136605: grammar / readability, YT link

{{Specs-Card
|code=p-59a
|market=P-59A (USA)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6293/current|Operation H.E.A.T event]]. It is currently rare vehicle and is obtainable through the [https://trade.gaijin.net/? Gaijin Marketplace].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

The P-59A ''Airacomet'' is quite an unusual jet with a number of unique and quirky characteristics. Firstly, it has a very low battle rating considering it is a jet. The reason for this is due to how poor its performance is compared to every other jet and most super-props (P-51H, F8F-1B, Bf 109 K-4, G.56, I-225). Secondly, the aircraft is unbelievably manoeuvrable and able to out turn Spitfires at the BR with the correct usage of the combat flaps and rudder. These oddities make the ''Airacomet'' a very interesting plane to fly and the complete opposite of 90% of jets the player might've flown before. The P-59 has excellent manoeuvrability and decent roll rate. The very terrible acceleration is something to keep an eye on, but in a straight line you will be able to catch other opponents. It will take a long time to get up to speed, but sooner or later, you'll catch your opponent if they continue to fly in a straight line.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,144 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 659 || 638 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.9 || 21.4 || 16.1 || 15.3 || 457
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,144 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 723 || 690 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.2 || 20.0 || 23.4 || 19.5 || 457
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 520 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 450 || < 420 || < 350 || N/A
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 0 m || 750 kgf || 780 kgf
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 6.35 mm steel plate mounted behind the armaments
* 6.35 mm steel plate in front of the pilot
* 38 mm bulletproof glass (63°) mounted in the windshield
* 2 x 6.35 steel plates behind the pilot seat
* 9.5 mm steel plate mounted behind the pilot's head

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|M10 (37 mm)|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm M10 cannon, nose-mounted (45 rpg)
* 3 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, nose-mounted (600 rpg = 1,800 total)

== Usage in battles ==

There are three ways the player can use the P-59A; energy fighter, highly manoeuvrable dogfighter, or interceptor.

=== Energy Fighter ===

* The P-59A is a decent energy fighter that can be used versus enemies with worse energy retention, such as most twin-engine fighters and the Fw 190's. This tactic should not be flown versus aircraft like Spitfires, 109's and Ki-84's, however. All of these aircraft have far superior energy retention, climb rates, and speeds than you do. You should only try to out-stall an opponent when they are coming to you with an energy disadvantage, as the ''Airacomet'' has a relatively high stall speed and mediocre climb rate. It is to be noted, however, that the aircraft can very easily recover from a full stall but is a little unstable after having to pull the nose down.

=== Dogfighter ===

* The role that P-59A excels the most at is as a medium-altitude dogfighter. This role will allow you to use its unbelievable manoeuvrability to the fullest. The only aircraft that can keep up to you in turns are Zero's, Reppu's, and the occasional Ki-61. You can outspeed all of them very easily due to their very low top-end speeds, however. It is important to know that you can only outturn Spitfires and Yak-3's with appropriate use of combat flaps and efficient application of the aircraft's solid rudder. A smart pilot will also use the aircraft's great roll rate to help manoeuvre around opponents. The close-range nature of dogfighting is also a boon to the P-59A because of the 37 mm cannon's mediocre muzzle velocity of 610 m/s compared to the Browning's 900 m/s, and at close range, you do not have to worry about that difference.

=== Interceptor ===

* The P-59A is a very solid interceptor that can easily climb up to bomber altitude and shred their airframes with the potent armament layout at its disposal. Be sure to steer clear of the gunners, as even though your airframe can take a beating, its never a good idea to tail a bomber with at least decent defensive armaments. One should come in at an oblique angle and aim at the wings and engines of the enemy.

=== Specific enemies worth noting: ===

* [[A6M5]]. The dreaded Zero is an aeroplane to be feared while playing the P-59A, due to the fact that it is one of very few aircraft that can turn with you. Under no circumstances are you to engage a Zero in a manoeuvring fight, as it'll turn circles around you. The Zero is plagued by several downfalls though, namely an extremely weak airframe and slow top-end speeds, and you can take advantage of both of these.
* [[A7M2]]/[[A7M1 (NK9H)|A7M1]]. Being a cousin of the legendary Zero, you can expect a similar flight style between the two. The Reppu keeps the manoeuvrability of its cousin while improving speed, acceleration and armaments. Approach a Reppu the same way you would approach the Zero.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
|
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 37 mm
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
| New 37 mm cannons
|-
|}
Being a premium, all modules are unlocked upon acquiring the vehicle.

The recommended belts to use are ''Tracers'' for the Brownings and either ''Default'' or ''Universal'' for the 37 mm cannon.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Unbelievable manoeuvrability for a jet
* Solid armament layout centred entirely in the nose
* Great roll rate
* Sturdy airframe which can take a beating
* Tricycle landing gear to help with high-speed landings
* Access to premium rewards
* Very low repair cost

'''Cons:'''

* Slow for a jet, unable to keep up with most super-props
* Mediocre acceleration due to being an early jet aircraft
* 37 mm cannon rounds can be less effective and easily deflected dut to the angle of attack
* Large target when coming in from above or below
* Wings are littered with fuel tanks

== History ==


The P-59A Airacomet is the very first US jet-powered fighter, whose development began back in 1941, when the USA received the schematics for the Whittle turbojet engine from Great Britain. It was the Bell Aircraft Corporation that signed the contract to assemble the New World’s first jet-powered fighter. Despite the unicity of the task at hand and lack of experience in the development of jet-powered aircraft, the company was planning on launching a serial production of the fighter as opposed to just building a test unit. The first aircraft was assembled as early as 1942 and underwent testing until 1944 – the engineers were struggling to solve a multitude of technical issues caused by the new engines. Once the majority of the engine-tuning problems were fixed, it turned out that the flight characteristics of the new vehicle couldn’t surpass even those of serially produced piston-engine models. Nonetheless, a small series of P-59s was manufactured – a total of 66 aircraft branded “Airacomets”. The US jet-powered firstling failed to impress the military, and soon all combat aircraft were replaced with P-80 Shooting Stars.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6295/current|Devblog]]''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''
{{Youtube-gallery|bMBeS_tZRSI|P-59A Airacomet | Early Look & Review}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6295/current|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> P-59A Airacomet: One of Its Kind]]

{{USA jet aircraft}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

Spitfire LF Mk IXc (USA)

2019-10-27T04:07:56Z

U47136605: grammar / readability, YT link

{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_ix_usa
|cockpit=370271/1264450
}}
{{About
| about = American fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_Spitfire_LF_Mk_IXc_USA.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} premium American fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This fighter has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.29.
== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,878 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|617||599|| {{Specs|ceiling}} ||16.9||17.5||17.3||20.4||320
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,878 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? ||320
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || N/A || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 450 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,200 m || 1,380 hp || 2,084 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,200 m || 1,310 hp || 1,978 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot
* 3 mm Steel plate on top of fuel tanks
* 4 mm Steel plate on pilot's seat. Behind pilot is another 6-7 mm steel plate
* 3 mm Steel plates around ammunition

* Critical components located at the front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* Additional fuel tanks are located in the wings near the fuselage

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning .303 (7.7 mm)|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannon, wing-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning machine gun, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 1,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV (250 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* Without load
* 1 x G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV bomb (250 lb total)


== Usage in the battles ==
All Spitfire versions served primarily as fighter aircraft. Due to its high manoeuvrability, the Spitfire LF Mk IXc excels in dogfighting, matched only by a few opponents (mainly Japanese). Due to its vulnerabilities, namely it's low ammunition load and somewhat flimsy airframe, it is not recommended to attack bombers with heavy defensive armament. Its climb rate is one of the Spitfire's greatest advantages, being able to outclimb many rivals at its rank. Despite this, it is not recommended to try to catch up with zoom-climbing enemy fighters, because the Spitfire will most likely run out of speed before you manage to engage the opponent. Therefore, go into a shallow but high-speed climb to patiently gain the same altitude as the foe. Do not waste too much speed or altitude to the Boom & Zoom bounce from above, or else it will not work. In emergency situations, when an opponent is diving onto you, your speed is insufficient to face them and, when there are no clouds to hide in, you can descend to the tree-top level and use sharp turns and preferably uneven terrain to make dive attacks impossible for your opponent. He will most likely have to pull up before he can attack, due to his high speed. Exactly at that moment when he is pulling up, you can take initiative.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" |Combined|| rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" |Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair||Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm||Offensive 20 mm
|-
| II
| ||Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs||New 20 mm cannons
|-
| III
| Wings repair||Engine
|
| SBC mark 25||Mk.II year 1942
|-
| IV
| 150 octane fuel||Engine injection
| Cover
| ||Mk.II year 1943
|-
|}

* As a premium aircraft, the {{Specs|name}}'s modifications are automatically unlocked upon purchase of the aircraft.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent rate of climb which will rival later Griffon Spitfires and most late war props
* Excellent acceleration from a standing start due to the boost configuration
* Good manoeuvrability, albeit lower than other Spitfires (I-V Marks)

'''Cons:'''

* Features the British 7.7 mm 303 Browning machine guns
* Tendency to break its wings during high-speed manoeuvres
* Very low ammunition count, must be very conservative
* Poor engine performance at high altitudes

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ historical reference" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/Name-vehicles/historical reference) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to include links to sources at the end of the article.''

=== In-game description ===
"Supermarine Spitfire Mk.IX (Type 361) single-engine interceptor fighter/front-line fighter

A single-seat, single-engine, all-metal, low-wing cantilever monoplane fighter.

Not only the British but also quite a few pilots from other countries fought on Supermarine Spitfire fighters. The Americans used Spitfires, as well.

The beginning of the Spitfire was marked by volunteers who had joined the ranks of the British RAF before the USA joined the war. In 1941, there were three full-fledged American fighter squadrons in Britain, named the Eagles. The Americans originally flew Hurricanes, but in August 1941 they started their retraining on Spitfires. Until the autumn of 1942, the Eagles were common British squadrons with the corresponding staff, uniforms, and markings. On September 29, 1942, thanks to an intergovernmental agreement, the Eagles were transferred to the command of the Eighth Air Force of the USAAF, located in Great Britain. Three squadrons were combined to form the 4th Fighter Wing, and the tricolour British cockades on the planes were replaced with American ones.

Beginning in 1942, a number of the USAAF's fighter units which had arrived at the West European theatre of war without planes received British fighters as part of the so-called ""Reverse Lend-Lease"". These squadrons were originally based in Great Britain. Later, they were also based in North Africa. A total of about 1,000 Spitfires of various versions were handed over to the USAAF by the RAF.

For example, the 52d Fighter Wing was redeployed in July 1942 from the USA over the ocean to Northern Ireland. It was there that American fighter pilots had to master the Spitfire. The Americans flew Spitfires when they joined the North African Campaign in November 1942. American pilots fought in Spitfires in the North African theatre of war until the German troops were defeated in May 1943.

The Americans used Spitfires (Mk.VIII and Mk.IX variants) in the skies over Italy as part of the Twelfth Air Force. By March 1944, the majority of the British planes had been replaced with Mustangs, but there were still some planes with those white stars on their fuselages all the way up until the Capitulation of Germany."

== Media ==


{{Youtube-gallery|AtuFtliw3Bo|Premium Review: US Spitfire LF. Mk. IXc}}

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA fighters}}

Bf 109 K-4

2019-10-26T21:00:01Z

U47136605: /* Flight Performance */ updating stat card

{{Specs-Card|code=bf-109k-4}}
{{About
| about = German fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Bf 109 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Bf109K4.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.29. The K-4 is the pinnacle of the famed [[Bf_109_(Disambiguation)|109 series]]. The `'''K'''urfürst´ frame is the last iteration and was focused on ease of production rather than performance, yet it features the best power to weight ratio and acceleration of any 109, turning this machine into a beast. However, the age of the design is reflected in its poor high-speed characteristics.

Use the plane's outstanding climb rate and keep speed. Energy fighting tactics should be this plane's primary mode of fighting. It has good acceleration when using WEP. This grants the machine reasonable zoom climbing abilities. If chased, dodge away from the enemy with fancy manoeuvers without losing too much speed. In Realistic Battles, try to do a climbing spiral, but be sure to be in a higher energy state than the enemy! A miscalculation and the foe will have the opportunity for an easy deflection shot.

However, there are also downsides. The top speed can be reached quickly, yet the plane is not fast when stock. While it does have an edge in agility, it has bad low-speed manoeuvrability. Furthermore, foes will not usually engage in manoeuvering combat, rendering any manoeuvrability advantage moot.

K-4 can outmanoeuvre these planes at medium speeds (<450 IAS/kph): [[P-51]] (all types), [[P-47D-28|P-47D]], [[Typhoon_Mk_Ib/L|Typhoons]] and the [[La-9]]. However, it will have a hard time dealing with other late Rank IV aircraft, especially Spitfires. It is highly recommended to use rudder during rolls as this increases the roll rate dramatically. This is useful if when trying to force an overshoot or when avoiding shots.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 685 || 665 || 12,800 || 20.3 || 21 || 18 || 18 || 333
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|759||720|| 12,800 ||18.3||19.0||32.2||23.8|| 333
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 790 || 450 || 520 || ~17 || ~10
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 390 || < 390 || < 470 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,900 m || 1,250 hp || 1,775 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

The 109 K-4 has a very substantial amount of armor around the pilot, but is mainly to protect the gigantic fuel tank your pilot is sitting on top off. The fuel tank however is self sealing.

<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200px">
File:All armor.png|All the armor plates on the 109 K-4 Red = 60 mm bullet proof glass plates Yellow = 21 mm steel plate behind the fuel tank Teal = 4 mm steel plate covering the exterior of the fuel tank and pilot's seat. Green = 8 mm steel plate covering the back rest of the pilot's seat Yellowish green = 10 mm of steel surrounding the 60 mm bulletproof glass behind the pilot
File:Fuel tank 109 K4.png|Picture of the giant fuel tank the pilot is sitting on (self-sealing)
</gallery>

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)|MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MG 131 (13 mm)}}

The Bf 109 K-4 is armed with:

* A choice between a 30 mm MK 108 or a 20 mm MG 151 cannon:
** 1 x 30 mm MK 108 cannon, nose-mounted (65 rpg)
** 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose-mounted (200 rpg)
* 2 x 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)}}

The Bf 109 K-4 can be outfitted with the following:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, wing-mounted (135 RPG = 270 total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Bf109k4.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Bf 109 K-4's instrument panel.]]
The MK 108 is a double-edged sword: Nicknamed by the allies for its characteristic sound, the `''Jackhammer''´ lives true to its name. Slow but powerful. Its '''main purpose''': Demolition of heavy objects, such as flying fortresses such as the B-17G. However, its '''common''' '''purpose''' in War Thunder remains to hunt fighter planes. The cannon's rate of fire is extremely low, making it good for conserving ammo, but bad for deflection shots. Furthermore, the minengeschoß-shells are slow- very slow. One must either become very good at leading the shells, or close the distance. Kills are generally done from 300 meters away, if not closer. On the plus side, the damage is equivalent to most 37 mm cannons upon hitting. Tip: In order to better learn and understand the cannon's trajectory, do not fire in conjunction with the machine guns.

The two additional machine guns are best fired alone. The MG 131 features HE shells (named IAI in-game) as the ''Tracer belt''. Yet they are only highly effective in Simulator battles, where they will deal good damage to control surface areas, causing inexperienced pilots to lose control. In Arcade and Realistic battles however, the instructor will dampen any such effects. Here, the damage-based ''Stealth'' and ''Fighter'' belts fare better.

The plane should be equip one of two load-outs: with either the single 30 mm cannon or 2 x 20 mm cannons. The single 30 mm is very capable of taking out 2-3 bombers and the low muzzle velocity matters less due to the large targets. The 3 x 20 mm cannons are very capable of taking out fighters due to the high shell density and and sheer damage output. A single 20 mm does not deal enough damage and the 30 mm with gunpods is rather ineffective due to the differing muzzle velocities of the 30 mm and 20 mm cannons.

One technique you can use the is the prop pitch technique. Most of the later 109s have this but it is really effective in the 109 K-4. The prop pitch technique is using Manual Engine Control (Found in Sim controls) to set your prop pitch to 100% but throttle to 0%. This will make your prop, a giant air brake and is very helpful in forcing over shoots. It can also be very helpful in diving where you might get dangerously close to your rip speed.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" |Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair||Radiator
|
| Offensive 13 mm||MG.151/20 cannon
|-
| II
| ||Compressor
| Airframe
| New 13 mm MGs||R4 modification
|-
| III
| Wings repair||Engine
|
| Offensive 30 mm||Offensive 20 mm
|-
| IV
| ||Engine injection
| Cover
| New 30 mm cannons||New 20 mm cannons
|-
|}

The true acceleration power of the plane is only achieved very late into the grind. Specifically, the Tier 4 ''Engine injection'' modification provides a significant boost and is a top priority. On the way there, all engine upgrades should be taken.
13 mm Belts are helpful for removing tracer rounds. The 20 mm gunpods with belts and the gun upgrade are viable choices but engine injection remains a priority.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very powerful engine when using WEP, providing excellent acceleration and climb rate
* MEC can extend its climb rate and top speed in RB/SB
* Nose mounted weaponry
* Good performance at medium altitude
* Good firepower for killing bombers
* Can carry additional armament
* Performance on par with Griffon Spitfires (even better when fully upgraded)
* 30 mm cannon will destroy anything that it hits
* Can research nose-mounted 20 mm MG 151 cannon
* Exceptional high-speed manoeuvrability

'''Cons:'''

* Low cannon ammunition count for the 30 mm MK 108 cannon and the 13 mm MG 131 machine guns
* Low velocity 30 mm shell with a high drop, resulting in a VERY large lead angle on targets in turn leading to poor dogfight performance due to having to pull extreme turns to get guns on target
* Flimsy frame, prone to react heavily to damage
* Very heavy and slow to fly without WEP when stock
* Stock 13 mm machine gun belts consist solely out of tracers. They alert the enemy aware of your presence, make aiming the 30 mm impossible, and do nothing else
* Fighters with lower top speeds but better low altitude performances (such as Russia's La-7 fighters) will find it quite easy to run you down if you are at a low energy state
* Very slow deploying flaps

== History ==

The Bf 109 K-4 was one of Kurfurst Bf 109 series, Kurfurst was the last series of 109 before war's end. The K series was the most upgraded and most expensive 109 and with war coming to an end not many were built. Work on the K series began in the spring of 1943 and prototype was ready by autumn of the same year. The series began production in August 1944 with the K-4 but due to changes to the design and delays with the new DB605D engine, the K-4 was the only one to be mass produced. Externally, the Kurfurst series had changes in radio equipment location hatch. A filler point for the fuselage fuel tank, and with removal of the D/F loop, were the main external differences to other Bf109 series. The landing gear also had doors that closed up the bottom completely and armament was the Motorkanone 108 (30 mm) , 2 x MG 131 (13 mm), with additional 2 gun pods of MG 151 (20 mm). Payloads included a 500 kg bomb or on rare occasion Wfr.Gr.21 Rockets (21 cm). Due to limited resources many of the variants didn't enter production.

Variants:

*R I ETC 501/IX b or Schloß 503belly bomb rack, fusing equipment for fitting a 250 kg (550 lb) or 500 kg (1,100 lb) bomb
*R III Schloß 503A-1 rack for one fuselage drop tank (300 L/80 US gal).
*R IV BSK 16 gun-camera in the left wing between nose ribs 3 and 4.
*R VI two 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 under wing gun pods with 135 rpg.
*K-0 Pre-production aircraft, powered by a DB 605DM engine
*K-2 proposed version without pressurized cockpit
*K-4 only serial production version without pressurized cockpit, powered by a DB 605DM (early pdn) or DB/DC engine
*K-6 proposed heavy fighter version, as K-4 with reinforced wings holding two additional 30 mm MK 108 cannons and additional armour
*K-8 proposed reconnaissance version, equipment similar to G-8
*K-10 proposed version, similar to K-6, MK 103 M engine cannon instead of MK 108
*K-12 proposed version, dual-seat trainer similar to G-12
*K-14 proposed version, similar to K-6, powered by a DB 605L engine

=== In-game description ===
"The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a single-seat monoplane fighter used by the Luftwaffe before and during WWII. It was used as a fighter, interceptor, high-altitude interceptor, fighter-bomber and reconnaissance aircraft.

The Bf 109K ""Kurfuerst"" was the last mass-produced variant of the Bf 109 family. It first reached front-line units in September 1944 (or early 1945, according to other data). The fighter was powered by the Daimler-Benz DB 605 DCM engine and had more powerful armament, with some variants equipped with two 15mm or three 30mm cannon."

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|xMZo89CWWuA|How to use propeller pitch technique|Luxss9DRoZU|BF109 K4 Vs Spitfires|nYXB_a0RA40|War Thunder Realistic: Bf 109 K-4 [High-G Resistant<nowiki>]</nowiki>}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany fighters}}

FIAT 6614

2019-10-25T19:51:49Z

U47136605: /* Media */ added a YT vid

{{Specs-Card|code=it_fiat_6614_106sr}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The {{PAGENAME}} has almost no armour, like other vehicles in the Italian tree, and with that very low survivability. Anything that hits a side shot will knock out at least one crew member, while a frontal or rear shot will incapacitate a minimum of 3 crew, enough to take the player back to the hanger.\

The average effective thickness changes depending on where the {{PAGENAME}} is shot from. At the front, it ranges from 15-20mm, although the front-facing window of the driver's hatch does only give 9mm of armour between a machine gun round and the driver. While a 7.62 mm round will only penetrate at close range, a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun round will only fail to penetrate that window at over a kilometre away. Considering the car's most valuable advantage is its ability to get to good positions fast, an incapacitated driver will ruin the {{PAGENAME}}'s chances in the match.

The side's obvious weak spots are the grills near the front that are only 5mm thick. Considering that the vehicle has a hexagon-shaped cross-section if sliced from left to right, the upper plate of the slanted side offers 9mm of protection after the grill and 10-12mm around and in front of the grill. The lower side plate gives a whole new world of armour with a minimum thickness of 10mm everywhere, which means at least the 7.62 mm machine guns can't penetrate the car through there. The doors have the same thickness as the rest of the sides.

On the back, there's one slanted plate that is 8mm at the top which increases to 14 at the bottom. Again, like the sides, the door doesn't have a different thickness

Also, the gun is very easy to disable as it has a maximum effective thickness of 88 mm, which all tanks at this BR will be able to penetrate and disable in one shot.

=== Mobility ===


The mobility for the {{PAGENAME}} is very good. The fastest speeds the {{PAGENAME}} can reach will depend on the terrain. On a track like the ones on Sinai, the {{PAGENAME}} can easily reach 60 or 70 km/h, and driving on an actual road or going downhill will let the {{PAGENAME}} reach the 80's or 90's; but on a grassy field, it may only reach up to 45km/h. Due to the {{PAGENAME}} being a wheeled car, going through sand, snow or a small uphill will trickle away its speed. The wheeled construction means the FIAT also cannot neutral steer, but it does have a small turning circle (tank-sized) and it can turn in this circle at 23 km/h.

When reversing, the {{PAGENAME}} has good acceleration as well; reaching -10 km/h after about 3 seconds and will get to -20 by the fourth second.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Cannone da 106 s.r.M40A1 (106 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has a 106 mm recoilless rifle that has a 13 second reload time. While it has an amazing HEAT grenade that penetrates 381 mm at 0 degrees from any range.

=== Additional armament ===
''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Machine guns ===
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 106 mm HESH is enough to one-shot most enemy vehicles, aside from some heavy tanks
* 360-degree turret transverse
* Fast on road
* Small target, easy to hide
* Can swim

'''Cons:'''

* Very thin armour, 12.7 mm can penetrate it frontally
* Bad off-road speed
* Cupola blocks turret elevation when traversing the turret

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

{{Youtube-gallery|UN3ioZuwRJs|FIAT 6614 Guide}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}

Mosquito FB Mk XVIII

2019-10-24T20:30:24Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card|code=mosquito_fb_mk18}}
{{About
| about = British twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other version
| link = Mosquito (Family)
}}

== Description ==



{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.39]].

The Mk.XVIII, also known as the "Tsetse", was a converted Mk.VI "FB". In this aircraft, all four Hispanos are replaced with a single Molins 6-pounder Class M cannon (57mm). The cannon itself was a modified QF 6-pounder anti-tank gunm fitted with an auto-loader to allow for both semi- and full automatic fire.
== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,780 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 561 || 544 || {{Specs|ceiling}} ||31.8||32.4||0.9||3.1|| 450
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,780 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|642||595|| {{Specs|ceiling}} ||28.2||30.0||16.7||7.6||450
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || 520 || ~12 || ~12
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 360 || < 360 || < 410 || > 230
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,819 m || 2,272 hp || 3,612 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,430 m || 2,220 hp || 3,530 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 9.5mm steel - Around nose and behind pilot/navigator seats
* 64mm bulletproof glass - Armored windscreen
* Critical components located in the front and wings of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* Large amount of fuel tanks in the wings

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Molins Class M (57 mm)|Browning .303 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 57 mm Mollins Class M cannon, under the nose-mounted (25 RPG)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning .303 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 RPG = 2,000 total)



== Usage in the battles ==
When used in Arcade Battles (AB), it is often best to find lone targets away from the main activity due to it's more specialized armament. Like the Mk.VI before it, the Mk.XVIII has no defensive armament; even a well-flown bomber may take you out. The 6-pdr can take out all three kinds of tanks (light, medium and heavy) as well as light pillboxes, the latter being the easiest as they are stationary. Line up your gun sights, aim centre and fire. The distance you fire from is up to personal preference, but a good starting point is 600m. Light tanks can be taken care of from any angle and medium tanks can be dealt with from the sides and rear, but aiming at their front may cause bounces and is not a guaranteed kill. Heavy tanks are like medium, but a frontal attack is most certainly going to bounce this time. Don't forget that the tanks will be actively moving, which means that you will have to correct for horizontal accuracy as well. A good way to practice this is to jump into a custom game and practice on people driving tanks, as they can be harder to hit then a AI controlled vehicle.

In Realistic Battles (RB), as with AB, you want to try and find some targets away from the main action. This process can be easier in RB and Simulator Battles (SB) as there are usually fewer people and the spotting distance of player-controlled aircraft is reduced. Stick down low and use the terrain to your advantage. Learn to fly low and fast, weaving up and down hills and valleys.

The same tactic applies with SB, but you are confined to the cockpit.

Some tips for taking off in both RB and SB: In RB, apply flaps to take off and set 100% throttle (not WEP). Around 100kph/60mph, level the nose down parallel to the ground and wait until you reach around 200kph/120mph. At this point, gently pitch up and you should slowly ease into the air. As for SB, apply throttle little by little and some counter steer to the right as torque from the engines will try to turn you to the left. Follow as with the RB take-off and bring the nose parallel with the ground around 100kph/60mph and pitch up a little once you reach 200kph/120mph to ease into the air.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Combined || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Stable gun platform, moves only a little even when firing the 57mm Mollins Class M cannon
* Centralized guns, allows destroying targets at ranges up to 2km with some practice
* Very good in its role as an attacker
* Good acceleration due to its light weight
* Large cockpit with good visibility for SB
* Has two pilots
* 57mm Mollins Class M cannon has high penetration
* Massive fuel load

'''Cons:'''

* No defensive armament
* Not the most nimble of aircraft, at times it can feel very heavy and clunky, especially with the added weight from the gun and armour
* Massive fuel load (minimum is 1hr & 18min, which adds a lot of weight)
* Mediocre rate of climb
* Inflexible with roles, can only be used effectively as an attacker and not much else
* Single ammunition for 57mm cannon lacks explosive filler: AP-T

== History ==


The main role of the "Tsetse" was that of anti-shipping and anti-submarine, attacking Axis ships upon orders or while on patrols. When performing an attack run, the "Tsetse" would dive at 30º from 5,000ft (1,500m), however, the auto-loading system was prone to jamming if the plane moved during the attack run. Carrying 25 solid AP rounds, it could fire them at a rate of 55 a minute, running dry in just under 30 seconds. As a result, pilots would fire a burst of 3 to 4 shells before circling around for the next target, also because they risked the ships returning AA fire. Fortunately, the "Tsetse" was fitted with 900lbs (410kg) of additional armour to the engine cowlings, belly and under the cockpit for added protection.

Throughout its service, the "Tsetse" performed very well; the effectiveness of the new weapon was demonstrated on 10 March 1944 when Mk XVIIIs from 248 Squadron (escorted by four Mk VIs) engaged a German convoy of one U-boat and four destroyers, protected by 10 Ju-88's. Three of the Ju 88s were shot down. Pilot Tony Phillips destroyed one Ju-88 with four shells, one of which tore an engine clean off its wing. The U-boat was damaged. On 25 March, U-976 was sunk by Molins-armed Mosquitoes. On 10 June, U-281 was abandoned in the face of intense air attack from No. 248 Squadron and was later sunk by a Liberator of No. 206 Squadron. On 5 April 1945, five German surface ships in the Kattegat were attacked and again, the "Tsetse" demonstrated their value by setting them all on fire and sinking them, a German Sperrbrecher("minefield breaker") was lost with all hands, with some 200 bodies being recovered by Swedish vessels. Some 900 German soldiers died in total. On 9 April, German U-boats U-804, U-843 and U-1065 were spotted information heading for Norway. All were sunk. U-251 and U-2359 followed on 19 April and 2 May 1945.

=== In-game description ===
The de Havilland Mosquito was a twin-engine fighter-bomber which entered service with the RAF in 1941. Powered by two Rolls-Royce Merlin engines and constructed almost entirely of wood, the Mosquito possessed remarkable handling characteristics and performance for an aircraft of its size. Initially intended for use as a fast bomber and reconnaissance aircraft, early variants of the Mosquito carried no defensive weapons so as to save weight; the aircraft’s defense was its incredible speed and acceleration.

The Mosquito FB Mk.XVIII was unlike any other variant in that it was fitted with a 57mm anti-tank cannon in the nose; sources differ in the opinion of whether this was originally intended as an anti-tank or anti-submarine platform, but it was in the anti-shipping role with RAF Coastal Command which the Mk.XVIII would find most success. The 6-pounder cannon came to be known as the Molins gun; Molins were a company who had produced machinery for the cigarette industry in the inter-war period – they were able to adapt some of their designs to provide an auto-loading mechanism for the gun within the tight confines of the Mosquito’s nose. Either two or four 0.303 machine guns augmented the Molins gun, and extra armour was added to protect the engines and aircrew. The Mk.XVIII came to be known as the ‘Tse-tse’ by its crews, named after the notorious African Tse-tse fly as described by one pilot who commented ‘the tse-tse’s bite was rather nastier than a normal Mosquito’.

The standard attack profile for the Mk.XVIII involved entering a shallow dive from 2500-3000’, aiming at the target vessel’s waterline so that damage would not only be caused on impact, but also below the waterline on the far side of the vessel on exit. With the aircraft’s speed already in excess of 300 knots whilst in the dive, the shell’s velocity was one of the highest in service. The Tse-tse Mosquito entered service in 1944 and achieved notable successes as part of the Banff Strike Wing operating from the East coast of Scotland against axis shipping around the coast of Norway.

Isolated examples do exist of the Molins gun being used in the air-to-air role, with predictably spectacular results. Only some 45 Mosquito FB Mk.XVIIIs were produced, some converted from the 20mm cannon armed FB.VI.
== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''


== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''page on aircraft encyclopedia;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain strike and twin-engine fighters}}

SC-497

2019-10-24T20:17:55Z

U47136605: removing periods from pros/cons

{{Specs-Card|code=us_sc_497}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a rank {{specs|rank}} American sub-chaser {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] as part of the fleet closed beta test.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armament separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Tips for preserving survivability should be saved for the "Use in battle" section.''

''If necessary, use a graphic template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the ship’s mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward speed and reverse speed.''

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>.''

''Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

=== Secondary armament ===
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armament and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section.''

''If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
''An important part of the ship’s armament responsible for air raid defense. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship’s anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets.''

''If there is no anti-aircraft artillery, remove this section.''

=== Torpedo armament ===
''Many ships are armed with torpedo launchers, and for some vessels such as boats, torpedoes are an extremely important means of defeating an opponent. Evaluate the position of the torpedo launchers, discuss the ammunition available, firing specifics such as dead zones, features of the torpedoes themselves, etc.''

''If there is no torpedo armament, remove this section.''

=== Special armament ===
''Depth charges, mines, rocket launchers and missiles are also effective in skilled hands and can be an unexpected surprise for an opponent. Evaluate the ammunition of this type of armament and rate its performance in combat.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don’t get try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 40 mm Bofors gun can rip apart small ships with ease
* Good AA defense
* Has access to depth charges and "Hedgehog" mortar depth charges

'''Cons:'''

* Not very fast
* Armor leaves some things to be desired
* 40 mm gun tends to jam fairly quickly

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA sub-chasers}}

Conqueror

2019-10-24T02:08:23Z

U47136605: quick fix of pros/cons (no periods at end of the listings)

{{Specs-Card|code=uk_conqueror_mk_2}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_Conqueror.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was released along with the initial British tree line in [[Update_1.55_"Royal_Armour"|Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]]. Designed to combat the Soviet [[IS-3]], the Conqueror gives the British line a much-needed vehicle with an emphasis on armour and firepower, with a [[M58 (120 mm)|120 mm L1A2 cannon]] capable of defeating all of the Rank V competition it will face.

The Conqueror was the tank the [[Caernarvon]] hull was designed for - the Caernarvon itself only being a stop-gap measure, with most models being upgraded to Conquerors once the type was approved for production. The Conqueror augments this hull with a significantly upgraded turret design housing the L1A2 120mm cannon.

The Conqueror deviates from most earlier British designs, favouring firepower and armour. This, combined with its somewhat limited mobility, results in the Conqueror proving to be one of, if not the single most effective sniper and support tank at its rank. Despite this, it can be put to good use in closer-range engagements.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
The Conqueror utilises the same hull as the Caernarvon does, with respectable frontal armour capable of shrugging off rounds from many adversaries. Unfortunately this hull suffers from similarly weak side and rear armour - and as such angling the vehicle can prove extremely dangerous if it exposes the side too much. The Conqueror replaces the Caernarvon's Centurion-based turret with a fresh design, providing much better crew spacing and protection. The turret is not without its weaknesses, however; the commander's cupola protrudes quite significantly and APHE or HESH shells may disable internal turret components or crew members. There is also a weak section directly behind the mantlet at the top of the turret, penetration of which will disable crew or the breech/horizontal turret drive. Trap shots are possible, however non-HE shells will not cause any significant internal damage.

The Conqueror has a researchable add-on armour package which improves the vehicle's survivability to HEAT rounds and by a small amount to kinetic rounds.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)
* Structural steel (Side skirts)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 130 + 20 mm (59°) ''Front glacis'' 76 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 + 6 mm || 38 mm ''Top'' 20 mm (60°) ''Bottom'' || 44 mm ''Front'' 17 mm ''Crew hatch'' 17 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 152-313 mm (0-68°) ''Turret front'' 89-200 mm (0-78°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 89-233 mm (1-48°) || 50 mm (1-34°) || 51 mm 31 mm ''Square area near gun'' 17 mm ''Crew hatches''
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 203 mm (0-17°) || 70 mm (12-14°) || 51 mm 17 mm ''Crew hatch''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and bogies are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Front of turret vary in armour thickness, from 152 mm to 313 mm, but it is all very sloped due to turret design.
* The front of the turret roof has an additional armour plate of 31 mm in thickness.

=== Mobility ===


The Conqueror has reasonable mobility, despite its weight, thanks to a powerful engine and favourable gearbox ratios. It does suffer from a somewhat limited top speed of 34 km/h, however it reaches this speed fairly easily on-road and on smooth off-road surfaces. The vehicle has surprisingly responsive hull traverse due to the engine power and neutral steering capability. The Conqueror has a reasonable reverse speed for a British vehicle, however it shouldn't be relied on too heavily.

When the add-on armour package is researched and equipped, the vehicle's weight will increase by 1.1 tonnes, resulting in a minor decrease in mobility.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armour weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 64.9 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | 1.1 || colspan="1" | 37 (AB)
|-
|34 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|1,046
|____
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|716
|810
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|16.12
|__.__
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|11.03
|12.48
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|L1A2 (120 mm)}}The 120 mm L1A2 is a powerful gun, derived from the M58 mounted on the M103 heavy tank. Unlike the M103's selection of HEAT or AP, the Conqueror instead utilises HESH and APDS ammunition, and again unlike the M103, mounts a two-plane stabiliser. The L1A2 exhibits excellent accuracy and long-range performance, although due to the sub-par post-penetration effects of APDS in some cases multiple rounds are required to secure a knock-out, particularly at range where critical components or ammunition is less reliably hit.

Despite this, the Conqueror performs admirably as a sniper, covering capture points or thoroughfares, and should primarily rely on APDS with careful thought as to placement. HESH may prove useful against lighter vehicles or in cases where a target's side armour is exposed, but otherwise should not be relied on for anything besides pure luck. It's important to remember that the Conqueror has a reasonably long reload of 19.4 seconds at base; and as such careful consideration should be made as to what to prioritise disabling first.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[L1A2 (120 mm)|120 mm L1A2]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 35 || -7°/+15° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 9.7 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 19.4 || 17.13 || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Shot L1G || APDS || 362 || 361 || 359 || 354 || 339 || 321
|-
| Shell L1TK || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Shot L1G || APDS || 1493 || 7.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| Shell L1TK || HESH || 792 || 16 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 3,100 || +0° || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_Conqueror.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the Conqueror Mk.2.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" width="10%" |Recommendations
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''35''' || 31 ''(+4)'' || 21 ''(+14)'' || 16 ''(+19)'' || 11 ''(+24)'' || 6 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+34)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

Keep ammo at around 16 ''(+19)'' or 11 ''(+24)''

=== Machine guns ===


{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}The Conqueror sports two machine guns, one of which is pintle mounted and may prove itself a deterrent to some close air support. The machine guns may on occasion prove useful for destroying incoming ATGMs, given a bit of luck.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,750 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,750 (250) || 500 || -10°/+30° || ±90°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Conqueror can be effectively played as a sniper, or a steady breakthrough tank, providing the vehicle's slow reload and weak lower front plate are considered.

'''Sniper Role'''

When used in a sniper role, the Conqueror should utilise extreme ranges with some form of cover available, in case the situation goes awry. Ensure awareness is maintained for light flanking vehicles or enemy sniping vehicles on off-angles that may be able to disable the Conqueror through side armour. Play conservatively, avoiding wasting shots and having to wait for the long reload time, and avoid exposing the hull where possible.

'''Breakthrough Role'''

The Conqueror may be utilised in a breakthrough role, although it should be played conservatively and with a level of map awareness at all times. The stabilised gun allows the conqueror to comfortably fire on the move - a rare piece of equipment at the rank - this gives it a distinct advantage over most targets it will face at close range, with the ability to reliably hit targets without waiting for the suspension sway to subside. However, the vehicle's slow reload means that calculated shots are a requirement, and wasting a round may have dire results. As usual, keep in mind that the vehicle's sides and lower front plate are particularly vulnerable and exposing either to enemy fire will often result in the Conqueror's destruction.

'''Modules'''

As usual, the 'Parts' and 'FPE' upgrades are essentially mandatory. After these, the 'Tracks' upgrade is recommended to allow the Conqueror to avoid exposing its sides to targets, along with the 'Adjustment of Fire' for additional accuracy at range. Most other upgrades are somewhat irrelevant in terms of their ordering, however the add-on armour upgrade may prove valuable against HEAT rounds.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* APDS round is extremely powerful, with a maximum of 362 mm of penetration at 10m/0°
* HESH ammo may have surprising results, and can prove particularly effective against light or side armour
* APDS round is particularly accurate at long ranges
* Both available rounds have reasonably good angled performance
* The L1A2 cannon is fully two-plane stabilised, allowing it to be fired accurately on the move
* The coaxial machine gun has ballistic performance similar to the HESH round and may be used for ranging
* The turret is very sloped and well armoured, with very few weak points
* The upper front plate is very thick and sloped
* Can mount add-on armour which offers more protection in the form of spaced armour to the turret cheeks and upper plate
* Well-spaced crew make the vehicle unlikely to be affected by crew knock-out in a single hit
* Reasonably good mobility despite weight

'''Cons:'''

* APDS has minimal post-penetration effect, and careful round placement is necessary
* HESH is not reliable against any vehicle with semi-decent armour
* Long reload time (19.4 second base), although relatively standard for calibre
* Possesses only 7.62 mm machine guns
* Weak lower front plate
* Particularly weak side armour, 51 mm inner with a spaced 6 mm plate
* 17 mm of protection on the engine deck will result in aircraft strafing runs to damage or set fire to the engine
* Top speed is limited at only 34 km/h
* A turret penetration will often result in ammunition detonation; the turret has ammo racks strewn throughout

== History ==


===Development===
In 1944, General Staff started a project called ''A45 Infantry Support Tank'', which started around the same time as the development of the [[Centurion Mk 1|A41 Centurion]] cruiser tank. This project, after the war, was redesignated from a typical "Infantry Tank" and instead focused on a new role of a "Universal Tank" design in the form of the FV 200 series. The "Universal Tank" concept was to design a vehicle that would have a mobility comparable to that of cruiser tanks, but with the armour and firepower of heavy tanks. The FV 200 series designation was adopted and was to serve as a line of vehicles that used the same hull and chassis in different roles like armour recovery vehicles and self-propelled guns. The first tank of this series was to be the FV 201, which would be 55 tons and use the 20-pounder gun.

In 1949, a new requirement for the project called for the use of a 120 mm gun, possibly in response to the reveal of the Soviet [[IS-3]] heavy tank in the Berlin Victory Parade in 1945. This new requirement would delay the initial deadlines for the tank as no gun of that caliber had been developed yet. As a interim development before such a gun could be made, the FV 201 hull was mounted with a turret from the Centurion tank and this created the ''[[Caernarvon|FV 221 Caernarvon]]'', with ''Mark I'' for a 17-pounder armament and a ''Mark II'' for a 20-pounder armament. However, the success of the lighter Centurion tank made the Caernarvon unsuitable in a "Main Battle Tank" role. Further development on the Caernarvon, with emphasis on the armour and armament, would develop the '''FV 214 Conqueror''' tanks, some were straight up conversions of Caernarvon Mark II's. About 185 Conquerors were produced in Mk.1 and Mk.2 variants from 1955 to 1959.

===Design===
The FV 214 Conqueror, also known as the "Tank, Heavy No. 1, 120 mm Gun, Conqueror", was intended to provide a mobile, long-range anti-tank support for the lighter and more numerous Centurion tanks stationed in Germany. As a response to the heavy [[IS-3]] tank in Soviet service, the tank's armament and armour is taken up and beyond extreme to typical NATO armour development. The armour, with a frontal plate of about seven inches (178 mm), made the tank one of the most protected tanks stationed in West Germany. The abundance of armour made the tank heavy, weighing 64 tons, and this impeded the tank's top speed and made it mechanically unreliable. However, the tank was very mobile in cross-country terrain, seen as equal as the lighter and faster Centurion tank.

The gun was the very large 120 mm cannon, the largest caliber tank gun available when it was introduced. The gun was American-developed, the same 120 mm cannon that would arm the [[M103|M103]] heavy tank. The gun uses a two-piece ammunition and the tank allowed for a ammo stowage of 35 rounds. Another notable feature of the Conqueror aside from its large cannon and thick armour was the unique and rotatable commander's cupola. In the cupola was the Conqueror's fire control system and had many features that made it ahead of its time. Being able to be rotated independent from the turret, plus with a coincidence rangefinder, the commander could align the cupola to a target, measure its range, and direct the gunner to the designated target. While the gunner located and engage the target, the commander could go and find a different target to designate and range.

===Usage===
The Conqueror were all stationed in West German in the armoured regiments stationed there. Each regiment received 9 Conquerors and were organized in groups of three as tank troops to support the Centurions in any conflict that arise from the tense situation of the Cold War. As history played out, the Cold War never became "hot" and no hostile conflicts arise in the borders of Germany, thus the Conquerors never saw any use aside from training as they were all exclusively stationed on the German borders. The Conqueror's intention to provide a long-range anti-tank capability for the Centurions, became less significant when the Centurions began to arm themselves with the more powerful 105 mm L7 gun, such as the [[Centurion Mk 10]]. The lower tactical value of the Conqueror and further development on heavy tanks in Britain had the Conquerors replaced in 1966 with the much more powerful and armoured, yet lighter, [[Chieftain Mk 3|FV 4201 Chieftain tank]].

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/850/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Сenturion Mk III and Conqueror Mk II]
* [http://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/870 [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Conqueror Armor Investigation]

{{Britain heavy tanks}}

Talk:Yak-1B

2019-10-24T00:17:34Z

U47136605: Yak-1B: Usage in Battles (RB)

== In regards to Usage in Battles: Realistic ==
After flying out the Yak-1B for a few matches today, I noticed that the tactic mentioned under the Usage of Battle: Realistic (Stay below 1000m, only use 90% throttle) seems to not be necessary; playing the aircraft as a typical Russian fighter (mid-alt, energy drain opponent) works just as fine and possibly better than the described tactic. While a few points for staying under 1000m are correct, I do not believe that this tactic is required and that it is necessarily safe in the current meta (climbing... everyone dives down.. etc.). The latter half of the Realistic Usage in Battles section is all seemingly correct, but this first half is definitely questionable tactics (today).

As I wish to not speak for the whole of the community / wiki, I would like to hear other's opinions on this. Although I have some experience with this plane, I know that there are others with much more who could provide better input that I am able to.

Yak-1B

2019-10-23T23:15:06Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card|code=yak-1b}}
{{About
| about = Russian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the German version
| link-1 = Yak-1B (Germany)
| usage-2 = the earlier version
| link-2 = Yak-1
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Yak-1B is equipped with standard armament for most Yakovlev aircraft: one machine gun and one ShVAK cannon. With 200 and 120 rounds respectively, this is nothing out of the ordinary for this series. Good against enemy fighters, but anything that requires more than the burst-mass provides will not go down too easily.

This improved Yak-1 features, like most mid war water-cooled fighters, a 1,210 hp engine. It remains sub par to the German equivalent. However, at the time this plane was fielded, most enemy vehicles were of heavier weight, meaning that it could further utilise the Yak series' excellent manoeuvrability. Unfortunately,the aircraft is tiered with earlier vehicles in-game, which shifts the performance spectrum of the Yak-1B towards engine power.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 575 || 559 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.3 || 19.8 || 13.5 || 13.5 || 368
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 608 || 592 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.0 || 18.5 || 18.6 || 16 || 368
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 410 || ~11 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 380 || < 420 || < 490 || > 340
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 700 m || 1,260 hp || N/A
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,900 m || 1,175 hp || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 64 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front and rear.
* 8 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm ShVAK cannon, nose-mounted (120 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (200 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|FAB-50 (50 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg FAB-50 bombs (100 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

=== Arcade Battles ===
The Yak-1B is simply an upgraded Yak-1. The main features that the Yak-1B has over its counterpart is much-improved cockpit visibility, slightly better durability, and a slightly more resilient engine that, unfortunately, still overheats quickly. However, the beauty of the Yakovlev line of fighters lies in two things:

*Their biggest problem is engine overheating, but this is easily fixed by simply flying between 80%-90% throttle.
*The Yak's performance is not hindered in the slightest by flying at this engine power.

Due to the above two facts, in AB: fly at 90% power. The Yaks can dogfight just fine at 90%, and will rarely overheat. Even though in Arcade battles all planes get WEP, the WEP on this plane adds almost nothing to its performance while rapidly overheating the engine, thus using WEP is practically unnecessary. If you find yourself in a situation where your aircraft needs more power, throttle up from 90% to 100% power, however, remember to throttle back down to 90% once you can.

Wait for the dogfight to start, then fly in behind a distracted enemy. Shoot in bursts unless tailing a bomber, in which case you will not last very long against their rear gunners unless you are incredibly accurate with the cannon. If your engine begins to overheat, start flying back to your airfield. Otherwise, your engine will give out after the temperature gauge turns red.

To sum up, this is merely a better version of the Yak-1, with similar tactics and strategy. Just remember that Soviet fighter aircraft in general count heavily on it's pilot's accuracy having, in this case, only one good gun!

=== Realistic Battles ===
Take off at 100% throttle, then go to 90% after getting above the trees. Upon reaching around 500 m, go to 80-85% throttle. '''Stay low at all costs!''' If you climb above 1000 m, four things will happen:

# You will have run your engine out trying to climb, so your engine has less time before it overheats than usual. (You also don't climb as fast as most other planes, in fact, there are better Soviet aircraft for climbing, such as the MiG-3 and the La-5).
# You will be highly visible.
# You will have reduced manoeuvrability.
# You will easily rip your wings upon trying to dive (The Yak's wings, is made of wood, disappear at about 600 kph).

If you stay below 1000 m, then you will have more advantages than the enemy, such as:

# Better camouflage... harder to spot.
# There is almost no chance of ripping wings.
# You are already at optimal altitude and speed for manoeuvring.
# Enemies easily overshoot you or rip wings attempting to dive on you.
# You can trick enemies into flying into the ground (make sure you don't do so yourself!).

Right before entering a dogfight, bring your throttle to 90%. Flying at this reduced throttle setting in Realistic Battles is enough to fight at below 1,000 m (some experienced Yak pilots will even dogfight at 80% throttle!). Immediately after battling it out, bring the throttle back down to 80% (if you don't already have it there). Only in extreme cases use 100% power; however, maintaining that speed tends to overheat the engine quickly.

It is recommended to avoid firing at ground targets due to the limited ammunition available for use against other planes. Remember that you do not reload in mid-air in Realistic Battle, so ammunition conservation is critical while closing the distance with the enemy before firing. Remember, fire only in short bursts to conserve ammunition and avoid jamming the guns. The great thing about the Yak's guns is that they are centre-line mounted. Guns mounted in the propeller shaft mean that you do not have to worry about convergence points, instead lead the target and snipe. The drawback is that you cannot spray the mark with a hail of bullets like most players tend to do. This plane and all the Yaks afterwards are about accuracy and skill necessary to handle this agile plane, and it's hard-hitting cannon (that all non-Soviet pilots complain about) to compensate for the lack of ammo. The machine gun is lacklustre and is only useful once your cannon ammunition has run out (you use the machine gun as protection on the way back to the airfield).

When landing, slow the aircraft to BELOW 300 km/h before lowering the landing gear! Many Yak pilots have ripped their fragile landing gear when descending too fast with them extended. The last thing all Yak pilots should know in Realistic Battles is never to climb higher than 3,000 m (at or below 1,000 m is preferred). The Yak line of fighters was not built to fight at the higher altitudes, and the game is filled with much more capable aircraft in this respect. If you like B&Z or you prefer to climb high, but don't want to use the US or German planes, then use the MiG line or the LaGG/La line of fighters, as they have much better engines. The Yak is a dog-fighter.

===Tips from the Aces===

* A Yak pilot can nullify all but the last "[[Yak-1B#Pros_and_Cons|Cons]]" below by staying below 2000 m, and keeping the throttle at 90% for AB, and 85% for RB/SB.
* ''If the situation allows'', using in-cockpit view can often help with accuracy due to no parallax effect... meaning (hopefully) less of your precious shots wasted.
* Flaps help with hard turns, but against most opponents, flaps will not be utilized much. Use flaps wisely, since flying at ~90% means a tiny bit less engine power to get back to speed after slowing down due to using flaps. However, don't hesitate to use flaps if the fight depends on it, it is easier to regain speed than to pay for a new plane!
* Everything learned from the Yak-1B applies to all of the later Yaks. Mastering this plane will repay itself in gold later.

===Specific enemies worth noting===


* [[A6M2|A6M2 Zeroes]]: They will out turn you, so try to attack in a shallow dive rather than a turn fight. Energy fighting is also okay because Zero has poor energy retention and terrible high-speed control and handling.
*[[P-47_(Family)|P-47Ds]]: They are much faster than you and are excellent at boom and zoom, so avoid them if possible. If you are caught in a fight, try to energy fight them or turn to fight them.
* Other [[Yak-9|Yakovlevs]]: They are slightly slower, so either keep them occupied with manoeuvres such as the scissors and barrel rolls or energy fight them.
* [[Spitfire_(Family)|Spitfires]]: They are significantly slower but have a turning radius that would embarrass a Zero, and their Hispano cannons are significantly more deadly than you ShVAK cannon. Try to energy fight them as that can overcome your worse manoeuvrability. Boom & Zoom is also an option in arcade battles, but '''never''' try to turn-fight a Spitfire.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12 mm MGs
| BI-42
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm
|
|-
| IV
|
|
| Cover
| New 20 mm cannons
|
|-
|}

With the Yak line of fighters, '''always''' research the engine and performance modules first! Adding power upgrades will help to lower the overheating of the engine. Afterwards, the aircraft modules can be unlocked in any order according to pilot preference. The Survivability modules are recommended next, as they improve the Yak-1B's manoeuvrability and survivability even more. The Armament modules improve the aircraft only by adding ammo belt types available and allowing the usage of 100 kg of bombs.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good speed
* Good structural strength
* Hard-hitting and accurate 20 mm ShVAK cannon
* Good rate of climb at low alt

'''Cons:'''

* No WEP in RB/SB
* Water and Oil overheats quickly
* Low dive speed limit
* Poor performance above 5,000 m altitude
* Low ammo count makes this plane reliant on trigger control by the pilot
* No combat flaps

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
The Yak-1 is a Soviet single-engine fighter of the WWII era. It was the first combat aircraft designed by Alexander Yakovlev's construction bureau and was produced from 1940 to 1944, with a total of 8,700 aircraft built. The Yak-1B variant was a culmination of all 1942 efforts to improve the Yak-1. Work began at TsAGI, where research into improving the water and oil radiators took place between 24th May and 10th June 1942, and work to increase the top speed was conducted between 20th and 26th July 1942. Tactical characteristics of the Yak-1 were significantly improved as a result, leading to Yakovlev's request to the Minister of Aviation to mass-produce a test batch of 20 improved aircraft for combat testing at the front.

However, the improvements looked so good on paper that a test batch was skipped, and a Defence Committee Directive dated 11th August 1942 ordered a new and improved Yak-1 into mass production. Improved armament triggers and a cockpit with improved rearward visibility were welcomed by Soviet pilots and became standard on all contemporary Soviet fighter planes.

=== Notable pilots ===
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Lydia_Litvyak_profile.jpg|thumb|none|200px|link=User:U64962917#Litvyak, Lydia V.| Soviet female fighter ace [[User:U64962917#Litvyak, Lydia V.|Litvyak]] was flying a '''Yak-1B''' in August 1943 when she was shot down by a group of [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]]]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Alexander_Pokryshkin_profile.jpg|thumb|none|212px|link=User:U64962917#Pokryshkin,_Alexander_I.|During the transition from the [[MiG-3-15|MiG-3]] to the [[P-39 (Family)|P-39]], '''[[User:U64962917#Pokryshkin,_Alexander_I.|Pokryshkin]]''' flew a '''{{PAGENAME}}''' and scored several victories in this aircraft.]] </li>
</ul></div>

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-1 [Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Yakovlev Yak-1]

{{USSR fighters}}

L8A2 (7.62 mm)

2019-10-23T21:31:07Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{MG-Card
|image = File:Weapon_L8A2_(7.62_mm).png
|title = {{PAGENAME}}
|MG-calibre = 7.62
|Belt-capacity = 900
|RoF = 600
|MG-velocity = 835 - 853
|MG-max-pen = 10
}}

== Description ==

The '''L8A2''' is a British 7.62mm General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG). It is an Enfield L7 GPMG with modifications to make it suitable for use as a tank co-axial machine gun. In game, it is found as the co-axial machine gun for the [[Challenger Mk.2]] and [[Challenger Mk.3]]. The Enfield L7 GPMG, of which the [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]], L8A2, [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L37A1]] and [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]] are all variants, is itself a British licence-built version of the Belgian [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]] GPMG. As such, the L8A2 performs identically to the [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]], and [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]] and almost identically to the [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L37A1]] and [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]]. Being only a 7.62mm machine gun, it is largely ineffective against all but the most weakly armoured or open cabin vehicles.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

The L8A2 is used as the co-axial machine gun on the Challenger 1 series of tanks. This series includes the:

* {{Specs-Link|uk_challenger_1}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_challenger_mk_3}}

== General info ==

The L8A2 performs identically to the [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]] and [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]] machine guns. The only difference between it and the [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L37A1]] and [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]] is a marginally higher rate of fire on the L37 versions.

=== Available shells ===

Like the the L8A1, the L8A2 can only be equipped with one ammo belt consisting of two Armour Piercing (AP) bullets, followed by one Tracer (T) bullet. Neither bullet has much penetration (maximum of 10mm), however the AP bullet performs much better than the tracer bullet.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1,000m
! 1,450m
! 1,500m
|-
| AP || 10 || 9 || 7 || 4 || 1 || 0
|-
| T || 5 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 0.1 || 0
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| AP || 853 || 0.0108 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ??° || ??° || ??° || ??°
|-
| T || 835 || 0.0095 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ??° || ??° || ??° || ??°
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===

The L8A2 performs identically to the [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]] and [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]] machine guns, while having a slightly lower rate of fire than the [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L37A1]] and [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]]. It has the same ballistic performance as the [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|L3A1]] found on previous British Vehicles, but has a higher rate of fire.

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the very low ammo penetration, this weapon is largely ineffective against armoured targets (although you may be able to penetrate some vehicles with extremely thin armour). The gun is primarily useful for killing exposed crew members in open topped vehicles, although there are few vehicles at the battle ratings this gun is found at. The gun can also be used for marking enemy vehicles and obscuring the view of enemy players by shooting at their gun sight. You can use the gun against aircraft, though it will only do very minimal damage. B co-axially mounted means it can often not be brought / kept on target against aircraft as well.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Better rate of fire than [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|L3A1]] machine gun

'''Cons:'''

* Lower rate of fire than the [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L37A1]] and [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]] machine guns found on later tanks
* Low penetration makes it ineffective against most armoured targets
* Low Damage

== History ==

{{Main|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}
Along with the [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1]], [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L37A1]], and [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L37A2]], the L8A2 is a British License built variant of the [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG]] GPMG. The FN MAG is a Belgian 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun. It was designed in the early 1950s by Ernest Vervier, while working at the weapons company Fabrique Nationale (FN). Between 1956 and 1957, the British armed forces trialed both the FN MAG and the American [[M60D (7.62 mm)|M60]] machine gun, selecting the FN MAG for usage. The MAG was built under license as the L7 GPMG by Enfield in Britain, with minor modifications being made. It entered service under the Designation L7A1 in 1963.

The L8A1 variant was designed for co-axial use, primarily in the Chieftain series of Main Battle Tank (MBT). It was modified with a fume extractor, removal of the shoulder stock, and a folding pistol grip, in order to allow the weapon to function better in the confined space available inside a tank. The L8A2 is an upgraded L8A1 with an improved feed system.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)]]
* [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:FN_MAG|Wikipedia - FN MAG]]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=206 Military Factory - Enfield L7 General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG)]

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

Ognevoy

2019-10-23T02:42:27Z

U47136605: fixed YT link

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_destroyer_pr30_ognevoy}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]]. This is the ship which is a stepping stone to Soviet destroyers.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The hull of the ship is made of 11 mm of steel plates, while the turrets are protected by thinner 8 mm steel. The superstructure is protected by 11 mm steel. Due to the Pr. 30 Ognevoy being a destroyer, this ship is lacking in armour in favour for more speed.

=== Mobility ===

Although the Pr. 30 may be a bit slower than Frunze (38 kts vs 48 kts), you will notice better rudder performance.

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===

{{main|B-13 (130 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a ship where the player is introduced to the famous Soviet 130 mm naval guns. This armament can be considered both an upgrade/downgrade from Frunze. Due to having only 2 turrets, losing just one of them will mean that 50% of your available guns are available to engage opponents.

Three types of shells are available: Basic HE, PB-46A semi-armor piercing, and ZS-46RS high-explosive variable time fuze shell. Every shell will be viable in matches.

=== Secondary armament ===

{{main|39-K (76 mm)}}

There is only one secondary gun, located behind the second rangefinder. Performance is mediocre against both surface and air targets, as the gun gets similar shells as the main armament.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===

{{main|70-K (37 mm)|DShK (12.7 mm)}}

The anti-aircraft armament are the largest improvement over the Frunze. These guns allow one to both engage air and naval targets (PT- boats).

37 mm gets a full HE-belt.

12.7 mm gets AP-belt most of the time.

=== Torpedo armament ===
{{main|53-39}}
''Torpedoes launchers are standard equipment on many ships and boats. Torpedoes are a significant means of defeating an opponent. Evaluate the position of the torpedo launchers, discuss the ammunition available, firing specifics such as dead zones, features of the torpedoes themselves, etc.''

''If there is no torpedo armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

This is a good all-around destroyer. Good guns, good anti-aircraft weapons, and decent torpedoes. Although it may be a bit slow, this weakness is well compensated by the numerous strengths. If a player is in the division, it is a good escort ship.

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using certain definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

Interestingly enough, there is not that much known about this ship. This class of ships was intended to be an improvement over the Project 7 and Project 7U destroyers. Ognevoy guns came straight out of the Tashkent Destroyer when the ship was salvaged. Only two ships were constructed before and during WW2, while the rest was were completed following the war. The Pr. 30 Ognevoy made the way for the Skoryy-class of destroyers. The combat record of Ognevoy itself is unknown, but some sources indicate that it served to its full potential.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|xs_3wLqHmgE|Pr.30 Ognevoy - In the sweetspot}}
== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:Ognevoy-class_destroyer|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Ognevoy-class destroyer]]

{{USSR destroyers}}

Ognevoy

2019-10-23T02:38:32Z

U47136605: grammar / readability, YT link

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_destroyer_pr30_ognevoy}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]]. This is the ship which is a stepping stone to Soviet destroyers.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The hull of the ship is made of 11 mm of steel plates, while the turrets are protected by thinner 8 mm steel. The superstructure is protected by 11 mm steel. Due to the Pr. 30 Ognevoy being a destroyer, this ship is lacking in armour in favour for more speed.

=== Mobility ===

Although the Pr. 30 may be a bit slower than Frunze (38 kts vs 48 kts), you will notice better rudder performance.

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===

{{main|B-13 (130 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a ship where the player is introduced to the famous Soviet 130 mm naval guns. This armament can be considered both an upgrade/downgrade from Frunze. Due to having only 2 turrets, losing just one of them will mean that 50% of your available guns are available to engage opponents.

Three types of shells are available: Basic HE, PB-46A semi-armor piercing, and ZS-46RS high-explosive variable time fuze shell. Every shell will be viable in matches.

=== Secondary armament ===

{{main|39-K (76 mm)}}

There is only one secondary gun, located behind the second rangefinder. Performance is mediocre against both surface and air targets, as the gun gets similar shells as the main armament.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===

{{main|70-K (37 mm)|DShK (12.7 mm)}}

The anti-aircraft armament are the largest improvement over the Frunze. These guns allow one to both engage air and naval targets (PT- boats).

37 mm gets a full HE-belt.

12.7 mm gets AP-belt most of the time.

=== Torpedo armament ===
{{main|53-39}}
''Torpedoes launchers are standard equipment on many ships and boats. Torpedoes are a significant means of defeating an opponent. Evaluate the position of the torpedo launchers, discuss the ammunition available, firing specifics such as dead zones, features of the torpedoes themselves, etc.''

''If there is no torpedo armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

This is a good all-around destroyer. Good guns, good anti-aircraft weapons, and decent torpedoes. Although it may be a bit slow, this weakness is well compensated by the numerous strengths. If a player is in the division, it is a good escort ship.

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using certain definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

Interestingly enough, there is not that much known about this ship. This class of ships was intended to be an improvement over the Project 7 and Project 7U destroyers. Ognevoy guns came straight out of the Tashkent Destroyer when the ship was salvaged. Only two ships were constructed before and during WW2, while the rest was were completed following the war. The Pr. 30 Ognevoy made the way for the Skoryy-class of destroyers. The combat record of Ognevoy itself is unknown, but some sources indicate that it served to its full potential.

== Media ==
<nowiki>{{Youtube-gallery|xs_3wLqHmgE|PR.30 Ognevoy - In the sweetspot}}</nowiki>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:Ognevoy-class_destroyer|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Ognevoy-class destroyer]]

{{USSR destroyers}}

T-26

2019-10-23T01:54:42Z

U47136605: Changing one instance of "it's" to "its"

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_t_26_1940}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_T-26.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a reserve rank {{specs|rank}} Soviet light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41. It is a tiny tank with rather thin armour, but with a heavy-hitting [[20-K (45 mm)|45 mm cannon]] that can devastate most enemies at its battle rating.

This is one of the Soviet starter tanks. Unlike its German counterpart, the [[Pz.II C|PzKpfw II Ausf.C]], it has a single-shot cannon that makes it more suitable for ranged engagements. With its poor armour, it is recommended to stay at distance from autocannons and Heavy Machine Guns (HMGs) since they can shred the T-26 pretty easily at any angle. With light armour, average mobility, and a good gun for its rank, the T-26 is frontline support. While these qualities may not be representative of later Soviet tanks, it is a good trainer nevertheless, given that it is forgiving and harder to play than later tanks.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

This is definitively the worst characteristic of this vehicle; armour is flat and thin on all sides. Do not expose yourself to enemy fire. Crew placement is not lined up from the front, meaning shells without HE filler can take up to 3 shots before being destroyed. Beware of HMGs and autocannons, since they will be able to penetrate your armour.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (22°) ''Front plate'' 7 mm (64-80°) ''Front glacis'' 15 mm (6-52°) ''Lower glacis'' || 15 mm (21-23°) ''Top'' 15 mm (0°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm (0°) ''Top'' 15 mm (12°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm ''Hull'' 6 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 15 mm (13-15°) ''Turret front'' 15 mm (5-44°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 15 mm (17-19°) || 15 mm (17°) || 10 mm
|}
'''Notes'''

* Suspension wheel is 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 6 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

While being a light tank, its mobility is one of a medium. It will take you where you want to be, provided you choose your route well and avoid tricky manoeuvres. Reverse speed, while not great (-6 km/h), can save you from some bad situations, provided cover is not too far behind.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 9.8 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 33 (AB)
|-
|30 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|141
|174
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|80
|91
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|14.39
|17.75
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|8.16
|9.28
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|20-К (45 mm)}}

The [[20-K (45 mm)|20-K]] is the typical Soviet rank 1 gun. Players should get used to it since it will be your main armament up until rank 2. This gun has a good amount of HE filler, meaning penetrating shells will do good damage, sometimes even one-shotting enemies. In longer ranges, shells begin to lose penetration and accuracy; it is not made for sniping. Try to bring ~10-15 BR-240SP (pure AP shells) for heavier targets. This gun is very forgiving to beginners, with its very fast reload speed and turret traverse.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[20-К (45 mm)|45 mm 20-K]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 205 || -5°/+28° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 9.50 || 13.20 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 9.50 || 11.20 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.80 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| BR-240 || APHEBC ||69||68||59||50||42||35
|-
| BR-240SP || AP || 73 ||71||62||52||44||37
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| BR-240 || APHEBC || 760 || 1.4 || 1.2 || 15 || 32.3 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-240SP || AP || 757 || 1.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_T-26.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the T-26.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''205''' || 165 ''(+40)'' || 124 ''(+81)'' || 83 ''(+122)'' || 42 ''(+163)'' || 1 ''(+204)'' || style="text-align:left" | Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 124 ''(+81)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,890 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Good penetration even at a distance
* Post penetration damage is excellent
* Decent reload time
* Fast turret rotation speed
* Good gun depression
* The ammo rack is difficult to destroy
* Can carry huge amount of ammo (over 200 shells)
* Free repairs and main ammo
* Forgiving tank for new players

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armour compared to the [[Pz.II C|PzKpfw II Ausf.C]]
* Tall profile compared to the [[Pz.II C|PzKpfw II Ausf.C]]
* Very weak roof armour, vulnerable to machine-gun fire from airplanes
* Poor top speed, woeful reverse
* .50 cal is enough to penetrate this vehicle
* Very slow at scaling hills due to weak engine power
* Only 3 crew members
* One shot from the side can easily knock out all the crew

== History ==

===Development===
The '''T-26''' light tank design is derived from the British Vickers 6-ton tank. In early 1930s, a Soviet buying committee traveled to Britain and purchased tanks, tractors, and cars for use in the Soviet Union, of which the Vickers tank was chosen. Fifteen Twin-turreted Vickers tank arrived into the Soviet Union in May 1930, equipped with only machine guns. Four more Vickers were delivered at the end of 1930, these being the single-turret variants with a 47 mm gun, and the deliveries were finished by 1932. The Vickers-produced tanks were designated as the ''V-26''.

The Vickers 6-ton tank competed with several Soviet designs for the "most suitable" tank design for Soviet use. One such competitor was the Soviet ''T-19'' light tank, which had advantages over the Vickers design, but also disadvantages. The T-19 designer, S. Ginzburg, suggested for a "hybrid" tank to be built off the features of the T-19 and the Vickers tank. But in January 1931, intelligence picked up that Poland bought up many foreign tanks from Britain and France with license to mass-produce them. This information pressured the Soviet military council to adopt the foreign tanks into Soviet usage, thus the Vickers 6-ton tank, under the designation as the '''T-26''', was accepted into service in February 13, 1931 as the main-stay of the Red Army's armoured forces.

Although outclassed later in the war, it was considered one of the more successful and widely produced tank model in the 1930s. It, along with the [[BT-7|BT]] light tanks, composed of the majority of Russia's armoured forces in late 1930s. It weighed just a little under 10 tons, had 15 mm thick armour in front, with a 45 mm 20K gun, and had a crew of three people. The Bolshevik Factory in Leningrad was the first factory to start producing the T-26 from June 1931, and production of the tank lasted from then until 1941.

===Variants===
During its production life, many variants of it was made for different purposes, up to '''53''' different ones to fit different roles, though only 23 would see service in production. Such designs included changes like a twin-turreted version (some with only machine guns and some with cannons), command tanks, added armour, artillery tanks (such as the [[T-26-4]]), flamethrower tanks, remote-controlled tanks, or just armoured carriers to tow artillery and such. Others were simply modified variants of the normal variants such as the [[T-26E]], which was the base single-turreted T-26 design with 30-40 mm applique armour made during the Winter War, which made them more resilient to the Finnish anti-tank weapons.

All these tanks produced in the span of 1931 to 1941 made up a total 10,300 tanks, and 1,701 other variants of it, for a total of 12,001 units produced.

===Combat usage===
The T-26 first saw combat in the Spanish Civil War, where it showed its superiority over the current tanks of the period fielded by Italy and Germany. Then it saw combat against the Japanese in the Soviet-Japanese border conflicts at Lake Khasan and Khalkhin Gol, which exposed some of the design defects such as poor armour welding and the disadvantages of riveted constructions (the rivet would break off and could harm the crew inside). After that, the T-26 saw service in the Invasion of Poland and the Winter War against Finland. The Winter War effectively showed the Soviets that the T-26 was obsolete, as the 37 mm guns and anti-tank rifles and Finnish have could penetrate the light armour of the T-26. When World War II for Russia finally broke out in Operation Barbarossa, the T-26 proved inferior to the German's [[Pz.III F|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]], plus the air supremacy of the Luftwaffe ensured many tanks were lost in the opening stages of Barbarossa.

The T-26 at this point also were breaking down and the lack of spare parts made repairs hard, resulting in multiple T-26 units also being knocked out for being irrecoverable. The T-26 was gradually phased from service by the new, venerable [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] medium tanks, which gave Germany a run for their money. The T-26 still saw service in the war as a second-line unit, as it was still fighting in the Battle of Moscow of 1941, Stalingrad of 1942, and in Manchuria in 1945.

===Survivors===
A number of survivors exist today in different museums, about 45 of them are still intact. A majority of them are in Russia, Spain, and Finland, where they saw most of their services.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

{{Youtube-gallery|2agFDeZ7mEI|T-26 - The Soviet Deathbox}}

== See also ==


* [[T-26-4]] - Artillery version of the vehicle with a 76 mm howitzer
* [[BT-5]] - Other reserve vehicle for the USSR
* [[Pz.II C]] - Comparable vehicle in German tech tree
* [[M2A4]] - Comparable vehicle in USA tech tree.

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR light tanks}}

P-51H-5-NA

2019-10-22T20:24:31Z

U47136605: british spelling of words

{{Specs-Card
|code=p-51h-5_na
|cockpit=370270/1264446
}}
{{About
|about=aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other uses
|link=P-51 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced into the game in [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A."]]

The P-51H-5NA is the last propeller plane in the USAAF fighter line. While retaining all features the earlier versions may offer, its powerplant is upgraded.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 736 || 721 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.9 || 20.8 || 12.3 || 12.3 || 396
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 828 || 776 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.7 || 19.0 || 27.0 || 18.2 || 396
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} ||651|| ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 483 || < 400 || < 420 || > 300
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,657 m || 1,680 hp || 2,333 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 7,863 m || 1,410 hp || 1,958 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot.
* 19.05 mm Steel plate in front of the engine.
* 6.35 mm Steel plate between the engine and pilot.
* 15.87 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 6 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, wing-mounted (390 rpg inner + 260 rpg outer x2 = 1,820 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Suspended armaments}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinances:

* 6 x 127 mm HVAR rockets
* 6 x 114 mm M8 rockets
* 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (200 lb total)
* 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 6 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (200 lb total)
* 6 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (500 lb total)
* 6 x 127 mm HVAR rockets + 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)


== Usage in battles ==

The P-51H-5NA is a high altitude turnfighter. It has impressive performance against most props it may face and it can put a considerable fight against earlier jets. Compared to its German and British counterparts, it outperforms them by a fair amount in engine performance. The P-51H-5NA can also be used as a strike fighter, as it can have great loadouts of combinations of bombs and rockets for this purpose.

Whilst having great engine performance, The P-51H-5NA can turn impressively as well, outmanoeuvring most of its German counterparts. It has good ordnance, capable of shooting any aircraft down with relative ease, as well as being able to dodge incoming attacks by jets. It has a good climb rate which also gives it an option to put up a fight against jet encounters, being able to perform boom and zoom attacks as its energy retention is good. It has a tendency to break its wings while zoom climbing at speeds higher than 550km/h. It also uses high octane fuel, which means it has considerable susceptibility to fire.

At low altitude, fighting with a turnfighter mindset will mostly work. If jets are present, try not to drop your speeds too much, as you may need to dodge multiple shots. The P-51H-5NA will not perform as good against jets, as it does not have comparable speeds. BnZ attacks are the most effective against jets, as this manoeuvre mostly removes the speed out of the equation.

Most enemies faced by the P-51H-5NA will be easily taken down, but unfortunately it also faces jets from time to time. Me 262 and Ho 229 are the biggest predators of this plane. The Ho 229 will outturn you while the Me 262 will outrun you.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" |Combined|| rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
|Offensive 12 mm
|
|FSBC mk.1
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|FRC mk.2
|FSBC mk.5
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
|New 12 mm MGs
|
|FMBC mk.1
|-
| IV
|G-suit
| Engine Injection
| Cover
|
|Rocket Launcher M10
|FLBC mk.1
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great top speed for a prop-driven aircraft
* Respectable armament of 6 x 12.7mm (.50 caliber) machine guns
* One of the most manoeuvrable P-51s in the game
* Good climb rate
* Good payload options

'''Cons:'''

* .50 caliber machine guns aren't nearly as powerful compared to cannons, but will still do the job
* High crew training and purchase cost - the same as the F-80A-5 Shooting Star
* Can be up-tiered to fight against early jets
* Limited WEP, once it runs out the planes performance drops dramatically

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's devblog entry (if applicable) and the ingame encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/4964-development-p-51h-mustang-winged-perfection-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> P-51H Mustang: Winged Perfection]

{{USA fighters}}

La-7B-20

2019-10-22T19:43:35Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card|code=la-7b-20}}
{{About
| about = Russian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| and
| usage = other versions
| link-1 = La-7
| link-2 = Dolgushin's La-7
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. This aircraft was introduced in [[Update 1.31]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 632 || 614 || 10,450 || 21.3 || 21.7 || 14.1 || 14.1 || 348
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ? || ? || 10,450 || ??.? || ??.? || ?.? || ?.? || 348
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 735 || 320 || 530 || ~21 || ~21
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 440 || > 230
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,550 m || 1670 hp || 1,958 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,700 m || 1,410 hp || ?,??? hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 55 mm Bulletproof glass in the cockpit front.
* 66 mm Bulletproof glass in the cockpit rear.
* 8.5 mm Steel plate in the pilot's seat.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|B-20S (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 3 x 20 mm B-20S cannons, nose-mounted (130 rpg = 390 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|FAB-50 (50 kg)|FAB-100 (100 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted externally with:

* 2 x 50 kg FAB-50 bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100 bombs (200 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

The key to staying alive in the La-7 series lies in deceiving the enemy. By flying at around 4,500 m (15,000 ft) altitude, you present yourself as an easy target for Boom & Zoom aircraft that are flying at higher altitudes. When you spot someone diving at you, break off and evade his burst, while slowly luring him into maneuver combat - this way you will start gaining the edge while the enemy loses his speed and momentum in the turn. Another habit worth developing in the La-7B-20 is ammo conservation - because the available load per gun has decreased compared to the [[La-7]], it is crucial to only take shots that you know will hit. This way, you stand a larger chance of critically damaging the enemy airplane. By following those rules, you will soon find yourself efficiently researching the final Lavochkin piston fighter - the [[La-9]].

The LA-7B-20 is placed quite low in the Battle Rating spread, which means that you will still engage Rank III aircraft.

One strength that you will want to take advantage of is the excellent low altitude performance. Ideally, you want to engage your enemies at altitudes lower than 5 km. Higher up, the power output of the engine reduces drastically, making you an easy target. Aside from the speed, the La-7B-20 possesses very good turning capabilities - while it is not as good a turner as some British and Japanese designs, it can give many German and US aircraft a run for their money.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
| Armored Glass
| DZ-40
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
| Engine
| Rear Plate Armor
| Offensive 20 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 20 mm Cannons
|-
|}

Four upgrades are of importance: ''Offensive 20 mm'', ''Compressor'', ''Engine'' and ''Engine injection''.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent low altitude performance (< 3000 m)
* Decent manoeuvrability
* Great acceleration and climb
* Good roll rate
* Centre-mounted cannons

'''Cons:'''

* Poor performance at high altitude (> 4000 m)
* Poor maximum dive speed
* Fast-firing cannons burn through ammunition

== History ==

The concept of a new fighter for the Soviet Air Force was pitched in 1943. While the earlier Lavochkin La-5 proved to be one of the best Soviet fighters produced up to that point, the main designer of the La-5, Semyon Lavochkin, felt that it could be improved even further. Work on a completely new fighter began in the early months of 1944. The new fighter was supposed to be an improved version of the La-5 design. The changes included the incorporation of a lighter and more durable metal airframe in place of the earlier wooden one. Other changes included the mounting of a new gun sight and propeller, as well as the strengthening of the landing gear struts and streamlining of the wings. It was to be armed with three Berezin B-20 20 mm cannons, however, the delay in production meant that most new La-7s were armed with 2 20 mm ShVAK cannons, like its predecessor. After more tests, the new fighter was accepted into serial production in late 1944.

In September 1944, the first La-7s found their way onto the front lines with the 63rd Guard Fighter Aviation Corps. The reception of the new fighter was warm - it was faster and more maneuverable than the La-5, which meant it could more efficiently tackle the most common German fighter the Soviets faced: the Messerschmitt Bf 109 G. In certain circumstances, the speed allowed the Soviet pilots to intercept Fw 190 fighter-bombers - a feat impossible to achieve for other Soviet fighters like the Yak-3. The main critiques of the design were considered to be the engine reliability and armament - the twin 20 mm ShVAK cannons were judged as inadequate in fights against better armoured Fw 190s. Still, the La-7 became one of the most successful Soviet piston fighters of World War II. Soviet ace Ivan Kozhedub scored 17 kills while flying the La-7 - his last one being an [[Me_262_A-1a|Me 262]] jet. After the war the La-7 was replaced by the La-9 prop fighter, although many were still used by other communist states as both fighters and trainer aircraft.

=== In-game description ===
"A single-seat cantilever monoplane fighter with a closed cockpit and retractable landing gear with a tail wheel. The La-7 was the successor to the La-5FN.
Testing began on the experimental La-5 Benchmark 1944 in February 1944, and went into series production in May 1944 with the designation La-7.

The La-5 Benchmark 1944 underwent tests with three synchronized Berezina B-20 aviation cannons. These new cannons were large-caliber UB machine guns redesigned for use with 20 mm rounds, and were not yet in series production. They were very light (only 25 kg) but unreliable. For this reason, the test reports recommended series production of the plane with the same armament as was used on the La-5FN – two 20 mm Shpitalny-Vladimirov ShVAK cannons.

In October 1944, the B-20 cannons went into production at the Kovrov Ordnance Plant, and in January–February 1945, the La-7 underwent testing with them again. The in-flight firing results showed that the reliability of the cannons had improved, but was still lower than that of the ShVAK cannons. Nonetheless, a small batch of the fighters with three cannons (these were also called “three-pointers”) was produced in the winter of 1944–1945 on the No. 381 Aviation Plant in Moscow.

The La-7 was also tested with three experimental Shpitalny SH-20 cannons, but this cannon was never adequately tuned, so it failed to make its way into the series.

The plane contained the twin-row air-cooled 14-cylinder A.D. Shvetsov ASH-82FN radial engine with a maximum output of 1,850 hp.

Its firing armament consisted of three 20 mm synchronized Berezina B-20 cannons with 130 rounds each.

The plane's bomb complement consisted of two detachable wing-mounted DZ-40 locking bomb racks, each of which could carry bombs with a caliber of up to 100 kg. It mostly used the general-purpose air-dropped FAB-50 and FAB-100 bombs, along with the ZAB-50 and ZAB-100 incendiary bombs and the AO-50 and AO-25 fragmenting bombs.

Approximately 368 planes of this model were made. Further production was stopped owing to the unsatisfactory reliability of the B-20 cannons. However, combat pilots liked the “three-pointer” La-7 and, like the test pilots, did not complain about the weaponry's operation."

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|RahK6Ig7xdg|DigitalDigging review|50vhTNww5Zo|Viola Games review|0-DKX-ubUvc|Messer Smitt review}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR fighters}}

XF5F

2019-10-22T00:34:06Z

U47136605: grammar / readability, YT vid

{{Specs-Card
|code=xf5f
|cockpit=334575/1111219
|market=XF5F Skyrocket
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} American fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.37]].

The XF5F Skyrocket is an oddity. Its light weight and underwhelming armament aren't what you'd expect from a twin-engine fighter, but neither is its surprising manoeuverability. Indeed, it is among the most agile twin engine plane out there. Coupled with the low weight and its two power plants, this aircraft makes for a unique flying style.
The Skyrocket's primary role is going to be Boom and Zoom; the climb rate is decent, and so is the energy retention if you stay under 550 kph and opt for smooth, moderate turns. However, the lack of heavy armament means that you will have to keep your guns on target longer in order to achieve considerable damage. Such opportunity comes when the enemy is low on speed and not suspecting any enemies/tunnel visioned on an ally; for example at the top of a loop, or in a sustained turn fight with an ally plane. Be cautious as you go past 600 kph however, as it locks up, similar to the XP-50's high speed compression. Overall, the XF5F is a plane that favors high altitude, medium speed engagements, where it is safe from crashing in the ground and has room to manoeuvre.

If required, you can push the XF5F into a more aggressive energy fighter, similar to the Bf 109 series, where looping back on the enemy while holding superior speed and altitude allows you to extinguish their energy little by little. The responsive roll and pull, in addition to the effective combat flaps, engine throttle management, and acceleration, allows for some nifty dogfighting against heavier planes that may see you as an easy prey. Keep in mind, however, that the engines will overheat badly at low altitude, and even more so at around 2,800m due to the supercharger setting in. Overheating isn't nearly as serious at higher altitude (around 12,000 ft / 3,600 m), where fresh air will cool your motor apparatus quickly. Alternatively, you may manually set the radiators to ~40% water/20% oil for continuous 100% engine power.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,800 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 611 || 546 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.9 || 20.6 || 22.7 || 18.9 || 180
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,800 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 642 || 576 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.2 || 19.0 || 27.4 || 20.3 || 180
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 487 || ~10 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 350 || < 400 || < 350 || > 320
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,200-5,000 m || 1,200 hp || N/A
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,200-9,000 m || 1,120 hp || N/A
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 9.5 mm Steel plate in nose
* 9.5 mm Steel plate behind pilot

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, nose-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)
* 2 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==

Exploiting the opponent's weakness while relying on a fast straight-line acceleration may allow for escapes out of an unfavorable situation.

Energy fighters (Bf 109/C.205/La-5) trying to out turn a twin-engine plane can be lured into stall-speed turn fights and intercepted during their subsequent speed recovery.

Single engagements at low altitude are optimal thanks to fast acceleration trumping dive speed and climb.

Engagements with multiple opponents are to be avoided, since the XF5F needs a substantially longer time to effectively engage and eliminate a target.

In Realistic Battle and Simulator Battle, the stiff opposition, in the form of [[Bf 109 G-2/trop|Bf 109 G-2]]s, [[Fw 190 A-5|Fw 190A]]s, [[Yak-9T]]s, [[Yak-3]], and [[La-5FN]], will give you a serious run for your money. Always make sure you hold the energy advantage at all times and are picking your fights with care.

Countering an XF5F could include out-diving or -stalling with horizontal maneuvers followed up by a steep ascend, exploiting its weak energy retention and sluggishness at low speeds. Another tactic is to force the XF5F into a head on attack. Since it's not very well armed, there is a good chance that you will be able to deal damage without receiving much yourself.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| IV
|
|
| Cover
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
|}

* As a gift plane, all modules are researched from the get-go.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Telescopic sight for RB/SB
* Good manoeuvrability overall
* Superb turn time
* Nose mounted armament
* Can fly on a single engine, albeit not for long
* Does not have an arrestor hook, however can land on carrier for repair/rearm

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armament
* Compresses hard after 600 kph
* Horrible energy retention
* Large size, easy target
* Large, fragile engines
* Engine overheats fast
* Somewhat underwhelming climb rate
* Terrible high altitude performance
* No WEP in RB/SB

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

==Obtainable events==

* During the January 2014 event [http://warthunder.com/en/news/383-War-Thunder---Winter-Magic-en "Winter Magic"], the XF5F was [https://warthunder.com/en/news/404-New-special-event-aircraft-XF5F-1--and-TB-3-en given] to those who participated the most in the event.
* On 31 October 2014, the XF5F was one of the few planes that could be received by Gaijin in their [http://warthunder.com/en/news/2598-aircraft-present-on-war-thunder-s-birthday-en 2nd anniversary present giveaways].
* In March 2016, the XF5F was obtainable in the [http://warthunder.com/en/news/3610-special-team-deathmatch-win-rare-vehicles-en "War Thunder:100"] team deathmatch event
* In September 2017, the XF5F was obtainable in the [https://warthunder.com/en/news/4978-special-us-air-force-day-get-the-xf5f-skyrocket-en U.S. Air Force Anniversary Event]
* It is currently considered a rare vehicle and is obtainable through the [https://trade.gaijin.net/? Gaijin Marketplace].

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

<nowiki>{{Youtube-gallery|OcYq1It4TAI|War Thunder Premium Review: XF5F Skyrocket [Ugly Duckling]</nowiki>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/97454-grumman-xf5f/ War Thunder Aircraft Data Sheet: Grumman XF5F]
* [http://www.aviation-history.com/grumman/xf5f.html Aviation History Online Museum - Grumman XF5F-1 Skyrocket]
* [http://www.alternatewars.com/SAC/XF5F-1_and_XFL-1_PD_-_26_December_1942.pdf Performance Data of XF5F-1 and XFL-1 (26 Dec 1942)]
* [http://www.alternatewars.com/SAC/SD-260_-_Detail_Specification_for_XF5F-1_(Excerpts)_-_5_May_1938.htm SD-260 Detail Specification for Model XF5F-1 Airplane, May 5, 1938]

{{USA twin-engine fighters}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

PBM-3 "Mariner"

2019-10-21T20:00:36Z

U47136605: grammar / readbility, YT link, reverting history to previous (with paragraphs)

{{Specs-Card|code=pbm_3}}
== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_PBM-3 Mariner.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} USA bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]] as part of the [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6037-event-sea-voyage-en Sea Voyage] event that ran from 21 February to 11 March 2019.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===


Due to the fact that it is a large seaplane, the PBM-3 is not very manoeuvrable and has trouble banking. However, when you get into a high-angle bank, it does turn fairly easily because of its large wings. As for payloads, it doesn't matter which payload you take for flight performance. All of the bombs are contained in the nacelle-mounted bomb bays and won't have a large difference in manoeuvrability.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,962 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|336||325|| {{Specs|ceiling}} ||34.4||35.3||3.5||3.5||585
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,962 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 364 || 349 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.8 || 34.0 || 6.5 || 4.9 ||585
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} ||340|| ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 220 || < 220 || < 230 || > 312
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,042 m || 1,500 hp || 1,575 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,542 m || 1,350 hp || 1,418 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* No armour
* Small fuel tanks in wing roots, rest in bottom of fuselage

== Armaments ==
=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is able to be equipped with:

* 12 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs
* 8 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs
* 8 x 1000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended with:

* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, nose turret (400 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, 2 x waist turret (375 rpg = 750 total)
* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, dorsal turret (600 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, tail turret (350 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==


In RB, the PBM-3 should be used as a traditional heavy bomber. Thanks to your large bombload, you will be readily able to destroy two bases, no matter what the maximum battle rating in the game is. In an uptier, it will take 4x 1000lbs to destroy a base and in a downtier, it will take 3x 1000lbs. Try and stay away from enemy fighters whenever possible, as your defensive turrets will have trouble against many aircraft that you face.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" |Controllable Has automatic pitch || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" |Controllable|| rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Massive bomb load

'''Cons:'''

* Big, slow target
* Lackluster defensive turrets
* Does not have controllable landing gear

== History ==

In the mid 1930s, the U.S. Navy was eager to replace their outdated flying boats with newer models. In order to do so, the Navy started a competition between aircraft manufacturers, whose winner would receive a production contract with the Navy.

The Martin company submitted the designs on their four-engine Model 160 aircraft, which didn’t garner any significant interest from the Navy. However, Martin continued to work on the design, reworking it into a two-engine aircraft, designated Model 162.

This design proved to be a lot more successful, with the Navy quickly ordering for a prototype of the aircraft to be produced. Designated XPBM-1 “Mariner”, the prototype conducted its maiden flight in February 1939. Following successful trials, the aircraft was adopted by the USN as early as September 1939 and ordered into production.

In late 1940, Martin received a large order for more flying boats to be manufactured. However, with the company’s production capacity being reached, construction of these new machines was delayed. In the meantime, the PBM was further improved by installing new engines, increasing overall size and doubling payload capacity. The new PBM-3 Mariner entered production in 1941, with the first batch of 32 vehicles entering service in 1942.

The Mariners primarily served with the USN as coastal patrol aircraft before the outbreak of WW2. However, after the United States’ entry into WW2, Mariners were used in the anti-submarine role in the Atlantic and also took part in operations in the Pacific Theatre.

The PBM-3 Mariner flying boats of the third series served very briefly during WW2, as nearly all PBM-3s from the first series were converted into unarmed transport machines shortly after their construction. Nevertheless, the aircraft proved to be very successful and further models were built in large numbers - in total more than 1360 Mariner vehicles of different modifications. Mariners were also used in small numbers by Great Britain, Australia, Argentina, Uruguay and the Netherlands. The last Mariners were phased out of service during the 1960s, being replaced by newer aircraft.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6040-development-pbm-3-mariner-the-eye-in-the-sky-en Devblog]''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

{{Youtube-gallery|UbkAs7sJp18| The PBM-3 "Mariner" In Game}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6040-development-pbm-3-mariner-the-eye-in-the-sky-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> PBM-3 Mariner: The Eye in the Sky]

{{USA bombers}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

PBM-3 "Mariner"

2019-10-21T00:10:17Z

U47136605: british spelling of word, comma

{{Specs-Card|code=pbm_3}}
== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_PBM-3 Mariner.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} USA bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]] as part of the [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6037-event-sea-voyage-en Sea Voyage] event that ran from 21 February to 11 March 2019.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
Due to the fact that it is a large seaplane, it is not very manoeuvrable and has trouble banking. However, when you get into a high-angle bank, it does turn fairly easily because of its large wings. As for payloads, it doesn't matter which payload you take because all of the bombs are contained in the nacelle-mounted bomb bays and won't have a big difference in performance.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,962 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|336||325|| {{Specs|ceiling}} ||34.4||35.3||3.5||3.5||585
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,962 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 364 || 349 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.8 || 34.0 || 6.5 || 4.9 ||585
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} ||340|| ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 220 || < 220 || < 230 || > 312
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,042 m || 1,500 hp || 1,575 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,542 m || 1,350 hp || 1,418 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* No armour
* Small fuel tanks in wing roots, rest in bottom of fuselage

== Armaments ==
=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is able to be equipped with:

* 12 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs
* 8 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs
* 8 x 1000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended with:

* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, nose turret (400 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, 2 x waist turret (375 rpg = 750 total)
* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, dorsal turret (600 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine gun, tail turret (350 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || rowspan="2" |Controllable Has automatic pitch || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" |Controllable|| rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Massive bomb load

'''Cons:'''

* Big target

== History ==

In the mid 1930s, the U.S. Navy was eager to replace their outdated flying boats with newer models. In order to do so, the Navy started a competition between aircraft manufacturers, whose winner would receive a production contract with the Navy.

The Martin company submitted the designs on their four-engine Model 160 aircraft, which didn’t garner any significant interest from the Navy. However, Martin continued to work on the design, reworking it into a two-engine aircraft, designated Model 162.

This design proved to be a lot more successful, with the Navy quickly ordering for a prototype of the aircraft to be produced. Designated XPBM-1 “Mariner”, the prototype conducted its maiden flight in February 1939. Following successful trials, the aircraft was adopted by the USN as early as September 1939 and order into production.

In late 1940, Martin received a large order for more flying boats to be manufactured. However, with the company’s production capacity being reached, construction of these new machines was delayed. In the meantime, the PBM was further improved by installing new engines, increasing overall size and doubling payload capacity. The new PBM-3 Mariner entered production in 1941, the first batch of 32 vehicles entering service in 1942.

The Mariners primarily served with the USN as coastal patrol aircraft before the outbreak of WW2. However, after the United States’ entry into WW2, Mariners were used in the anti-submarine role in the Atlantic and also took part in operations in the Pacific Theatre.

The PBM-3 Mariner flying boats of the third series served very briefly during WW2, as nearly all PBM-3s from the first series were converted into unarmed transport machines, shortly after their construction. Nevertheless, the aircraft proved to be very successful and further models were built in large numbers - in total more than 1360 Mariner vehicles of different modifications. Mariners were also used in small numbers by Great Britain, Australia, Argentina, Uruguay and the Netherlands. The last Mariners were phased out of service during the 1960s, being replaced by newer aircraft.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6040-development-pbm-3-mariner-the-eye-in-the-sky-en Devblog]''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6040-development-pbm-3-mariner-the-eye-in-the-sky-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> PBM-3 Mariner: The Eye in the Sky]

{{USA bombers}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

KV-IB (Germany)

2019-10-20T23:04:51Z

U47136605: grammar + readability

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_kv_1B_finland
|market=KV-1B
}}
{{About
| about = German heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = KV-1 (Family)
}}

==Description==

[[File:GarageImage KV-IB(Germany).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was first unveiled in the game in [[Update_1.41#19.06.2014_-_1.41.27.12|Update 1.41.27]]. Possibly the second rarest tank in-game, next to the [[E-100]], the KV-1B cannot be obtained by ordinary means. It was first obtainable by purchasing select MSI products in Russia. In 2015, an event known as [[wt:en/news/3249/current/|"Summertime Madness"]] had the KV-1B available to be obtained as a prize. The vehicle has since been available to be obtained via events, such as the March 2016 [[wt:en/news/3610-special-team-deathmatch-win-rare-vehicles-en|"War Thunder:100"]] team deathmatch event and the Warbond shop in the [[wt:en/news/4312-shop-how-can-you-get-premium-vehicles-warbonds-en/|4th]], [[wt:en/news/5071-news-how-can-you-get-premium-vehicles-warbonds-en|5th]], and [[wt:en/news/5858-news-how-can-you-get-premium-vehicles-warbonds-en|6th]] War Thunder anniversary. Aside from these events, it is not available in-game or via the gift shop.

Performance wise, the KV-1B is identical to the Soviet [[KV-1E]] with the applique armour. The applique armour is seen on the front hull plate, lower glacis, bits of the sides, and the turret sides.

The KV-1B is unique for the German tree with its three-tone default camouflage of green, white, and brown. This was the Finnish armour camouflage scheme in World War 2, as the KV-1B represents one captured and being used in Finnish service.

The KV-1B is armed with a 76 mm F-32 gun, which is equivalent to the L-11 gun on the [[T-34_(1940)|early T-34]] in-game. This gives the KV-1B a rather poor firepower rating, as a point-blank shot can only penetrate 73 mm. However, the APHEBC rounds with their explosive fillers are more than adequate to cripple enemy tanks should it penetrate. The choice between high-explosive and fragmentation ammunition is also liberty to take against lightly armoured vehicles. Another worry for the firepower department is the turret traverse rate, which is rather slow.

The armour on the KV-1B is brought up to its great amount, especially for its battle rating, thanks to the additional 25mm plates on the front and sides of the 75mm hull plates. The turret side armour also experiences the same upgrade. The common weak point on the KV-1 tanks from the front, the turret, also has some 25 mm applique armour covering the flat turret cheeks, reducing the flat 75 mm profile by a large margin. This leaves only the round slope gun mantlet and the minuscule turret cheeks as prominent weak points towards the enemy.

The KV-1B's mobility is a mixed bag due to the heavier weight. It accelerates efficiently on flat grounds going forward, but constant turning will burn off speed rapidly. Going up hills will be problematic if speed is not conserved for the climb. Overall, the KV-1B can be trusted to drive over distance, but any quick changes in a pre-planned path could hinder its overall movement speed.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 75 + 25 mm (30-31°) ''Front plate'' 40 mm (72°) ''Front glacis'' 75 mm + 25 mm (26-51°) ''Lower glacis'' || 75 + 25 mm || 60 mm (13-89°) ''Top'' 70 mm (14-57°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 75 + 30 mm (14°) ''Turret front'' 90 mm (1-62°) ''Gun mantlet shield'' 75 mm (4-36°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 75 + 30 mm (14-15°) || 75 mm (15-16°) || 40 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Roof armour is quite excellent, coming in at 30 - 40 mm. It will reliably protect from most autocannons, though aircraft with good driveability and +30mm weaponry may still pierce it. More importantly, it makes the vehicle quite resilient against rocket strikes from vehicles such as the [[Calliope|Calliope]].
*The lower glacis, unlike most other tanks, is not a weak spot! It is significantly better angled than the upper frontal plate. Furthermore, neither the MG port nor the drivers view slit are weak points. Discard them as targets if aiming for them.
* Gun mantlet is an extra 75 mm bolted on to the turret, with some parts having an extra 90 mm added. This results in a spaced and overlapped part with ~150 mm. Only the cheeks left and right of the mantlet bulges should be shot! However, these areas are quite small and easily missed, if the turret is traversed.
* Extra armour is not placed all over the tank, thus revealing some weaker areas on the front hull and sides.

The Finnish KV-1B has excellent protection characteristics. Above from its naturally tough KV-1 body that consists primarily of 75 mm of armour, it has armour screens ranging of 25 and 30 mm thick on the hull and turret respectively. Those who fight the Russian [[KV-1E]] may understand some weak points, but the KV-1B remains a tough tank. Another part of why the KV-1B is quite a threat is that the tank is overall quite fast once it has accelerated. Coupled with the armour, this tank can be considered quite a swift bruiser.

Among this extra armour, the KV-1B still possesses a few weak points. Starting from the hull front, the driver's hatch and bow machine gun are uncovered by the extra plating. There are some small uncovered areas in the lower glacis as well if it can be targeted. In the hull sides, the 25 mm extra armour is mostly present at the higher part of the side armour behind the suspension, so aim closer towards the wheels, or even between the suspension wheels, to hit the thinner 75 mm side. Hitting the hull sides is a recommended tactic, as behind these are the ammunition and fuel tanks, which can ignite or explode if hit, instantly destroying the KV-1B. If these extra armour platings prove too hindering, rest assured that the rear hull armour is actually unprotected by these extra plates, so the usual thickness of 60-70 mm at the rear can be exploited by fast and flanking vehicles to immobilize the KV-1B through the transmission and engine. However, the strong hull front and sides make an angled KV-1B a dangerous enemy as it will then be very hard to penetrate through there,

The turret is better protected than the hull with 30 mm extra plates, but some weakness can still be found. In the turret front, the extra armour covers the flat side area that would normally be 75 mm thick, preventing easy turret cheek shots. However, the gun mantlet cheeks that are 90 mm and the tiny area under it that is 75 mm are not covered by these extra plates. With a sufficiently powerful weapon, this frontal turret area can be the only area that is easily penetrable when a KV-1B is aiming towards the player. The turret sides are another story. With 30 mm extra armour covering a large portion of it, it might actually be one of the worst areas to shoot the KV-1B at, as the movement from the KV-1B turret, coupled with the armour, can change the shot angle and simply bounce away from the shot. Despite all this, there are still small slivers of weak points in this 30 mm plate. Right around the area that the 30 mm plates seem to intersect, there are two holes present that will reveal the 75 mm armour underneath. This allows a clean shot to the turret side and, if the enemy is carrying lots of ammunition, a chance to strike one of the ammo racks in the turret and destroy the tank. The turret rear, like the hull rear, is not protected by extra armour, so a manoeuvre around the KV-1B to these areas can allow the player to use their weaponry against the more vulnerable hull and turret rear sides.

Though the F-32 gun is at the weaker end of the Russian 76 mm guns, it is still quite powerful against most vehicles. One firepower trait to exploit on the KV-1B is the rather slow turret traverse rate. The KV-1B will have a hard time keeping its gun on flanking vehicles, especially those that are up close to it on the sides. With allies, a small light tank can get up close and force the KV-1B to try and turn its turret and hull to keep up with the small circling tank, allowing an ally with a powerful gun to hit the KV-1B at weak points when it is concentrating on the more immediate threat of the circling tank. Nevertheless, a small light tank can do plenty of damage itself while outrunning the KV-1B, using the aforementioned armour weak points. The tank is helpless to a quick foe if there are no other enemy players around to assist it.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armour weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 49.0 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 36 (AB)
|-
|34 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|775
|954
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|531
|600
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|15.82
|19.47
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|10.84
|12.24
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|F-32 (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[F-32 (76 mm)|76 mm F-32]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 111 || -5°/+25° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' ||7.1 || 9.9 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 7.1 || 8.4 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 9.3 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| BR-350A || APHEBC ||78||76||69||61||53||47
|-
| BR-350B || APHEBC ||86||84||76||67||59||52
|-
| OF-350M || HE ||10||10||10||10||10||10
|-
| Sh-354T || Shrapnel || 37 || 35 || 29 || 25 || 20 || 17
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| BR-350A || APHEBC || 615 || 6.3 || 0.15 || 10.0 || 150 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-350B || APHEBC || 615 || 6.8 || 0.9 || 15 || 108.8 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| OF-350M || HE || 615 || 6.2 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 621 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Sh-354T || Shrapnel || 615 || 6.2 || 0.5 || 8.0 || 85 || +0° || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
|}

=====Shell types=====

* BR-350A: The typical APBC with HE filler. This is the standard round most players will take as the default type. It is able to cause massive post-penetration damage if it does penetrate.
* BR-350B: The new APHEBC with HE filler, sacrificing some explosive post-pen damages for raw penetrating power and solid-shot spalling pose-penetration damage. Recommended taking this shot as the primary weapon to use the extra penetration values.
* OF-350M: High-explosive shell. Though it should never be used for the purpose of penetrating an enemy tank, it can be useful for hull-breaking vulnerable vehicles, such as trucks and the like.
* Sh-354T: Shrapnel shell. In ways, it is similar to the HE shell, except it has sufficient penetration value to deal with light tanks as well. Its explosion can also create shrapnel that can also be used against lightly armoured vehicles in a manner similar to HE shells.

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" width="10%" |Recommendations
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''111''' || 107 ''(+4)'' || 102 ''(+9)'' || 82 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+110)'' || style="text-align:center" | Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 102 (+9)

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,890 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


In game, this tank is possesses great armour and an adequate gun. However, it may not be able to destroy the enemy from the front at times. As such, the tank may require being at a very close distance or a flank shot to disable certain targets. The defining characteristic of this tank is its armour. It can be a tough tank to destroy, given that most of the weak spots from the predecessor have been armoured and, from the front, the only weak spot is the centre of the upper hull. When using this tank, do not be afraid to advance towards the enemy, especially against tanks such as the 75 mm M4s and T-34s since they will find it very difficult to penetrate your thick armour. This tank can also be used for long-range support, since when the armour is properly angled, almost no tank that it faces can pierce its armour.

The typical weapon of choice that would be used against the KV-1B would be the German long 75 mm gun seen on the Panzer IV or tank destroyers. Another weapon to take care of the tank is the Type 5 guns on the Japanese [[Na-To|Na-to]] tank destroyer and [[Chi-To|Chi-To]] tank. However, if playing in RB/SB, there is no risk of coming up against the long 75 mm on both the German and Japanese tank since the KV-1B is on the axis side.

Against Allies, there are a few guns that have the ability to penetrate the KV-1B. High-velocity guns like the 76 mm, 17-pounder, and 85 mm can cut through the hull at a perpendicular angle or the turret with ease. However, these guns most likely won't be seen except in an up-tier.

===Tactics===
'''''Urban environment''''' 
Urban areas tend to result in very close range engagements. At this range, the armour of this tank can no longer offer the degree of protection that it does at range. With this being said, urban can also present nice medium range opportunities, such as open-air squares and long streets in which this tank can utilise its armour. Urban fighting presents the largest challenge for this tank, as close range flank shots can easily pierce its mighty armour. As such, here are some tactics to use in a city setting:

* Hold down a street - set up in a way that minimizes the chance to be flanked while allowing for the largest angle fire. This will allow the KV-1B to fire at the enemy while minimizing the chance of getting knocked out by a close-range flank shot
* Move with a group of tanks - try to stay in the middle of a group as this will minimize the chances of a close-range flank shot. At this range, the cannon of the tank can penetrate most tanks and has a decent rate of fire, allowing it to quickly engage multiple targets.
* Never blindly drive through an intersection - always check both ways before crossing, as this presents the largest opportunity for danger for this tank.

'''''Open country''''' 
The armour of this tank allows it to engage in the long-range fighting that defines an open country. However, the gun on this tank does not allow it to engage targets at range. This means that in while playing in open country, it is a good idea to get into a good overwatch position or to charge the enemy until the KV-1B is capable of engaging at the optimal range for the 76 mm weapon. While the armour on this tank is among the best for the enemies it faces, there are still certain tanks to worry about. The main tanks to work about are those with the American 76 mm, German 75 mm L/48, Russian 57 mm and 85 mm, and of course all the large calibre guns such as the KV-2. These weapons are capable of piercing through the KV-1B armour at range, though this requires a lucky hit on an un-angled plate. Here are some tips when fighting in open country:

* Always angle the tank - the unangled armour is good, but it is nearly impossible to pierce when properly angled.
* Don't be afraid to expose the tank - use the armour to give a degree of freedom in finding the targets.
* Advance - take the point or lead the charge, the KV-1B has the armour to break through enemy lines.

'''''Hill country''''' 
This is the type of terrain that this tank excels in. The average range of engagements allows for both the armour and gun to shine. This type of terrain also makes flanking hard, since going over a hill exposes a tank to fire from multiple directions. Even with this, don't forget to check your surroundings. Here are some tips and tactics for fighting in this environment:

* Move through the area between hills - this will allow a degree of control on where the enemy will come from and angle the armour in accordance.
** Going over large hills can be dangerous as it exposes the KV-1B to fire from all directions and also exposes the bottom of the tank to fire.
* Check your surroundings - while it is dangerous to go over hills, many newer player will attempt to do this and will sometimes manage to flank the tank.

'''''Long range''''' 
This tank does not excel here due to the low penetration of the gun. However, the armour of this tank makes it almost invulnerable to enemy fire at long ranges. Due to this, it is possible to safely attack enemies with little fear of penetrating return fire. Just remember to properly angle the tank in order to maximize its armour. While long range combat is not the best option for this tank, it can use its armour to sit in positions that no other tank could do safely. When using this tank from long range, the first piece of advice would be to close in on the enemy, though this is sometimes not possible. When one finds that long-range combat is necessary or is a preferred strategy, one can place this tank in a highly visible position to draw enemy fire. This will allow teammates to find the enemy and eliminate them. This will also allow for one to choose their target, since its gun necessitates shooting at weakly armoured targets or the sides and rear of tanks.

'''''Medium range''''' 
This tank excels in medium range combat due to great armour. Many tanks it faces will find penetrating this tank almost impossible even from the side due to the additional armour.

'''''Close range''''' 
This tank does not excel here due to bad mobility, and the greatest strength of this tank, its great armour, is no longer as potent.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Has extra 25mm armour on the hull front and sides, and 30mm on the turret sides
* Features a unique Finnish camouflage
* Good reload time
* Very good brawler
* Above average premium reward of 296%
* Very good at absorbing damage
* Gun does a lot of damage upon penetration
* Very good top armour
* Crew of five
* Bouncy turret cheeks

'''Cons:'''

* Some of the spots are not covered by the additional armour
* Gun is basically the same as the L-11 cannon, therefore it's weak compared to other guns
* Slow repair times
* No access to APCR shells
* Driver's port can easily be penetrated
* Sluggish turn when not in motion, and turning while in motion will make the KV-1B lose a lot of speed
* Does not like obstacle and hills
* Reverse speed is below average

== History ==


===Development of KV-1===
The development of the KV-1 heavy tank began after the numerous flaws of the [[T-35]] multi-turreted tank came to light. Designers were ordered to draw up new designs to become the basis of a breakthrough heavy tank as deemed necessary by Soviet combat doctrine. This called for a tank that was heavily armoured, but not very mobile as it was to be for siege warfare. The designs offered all had heavy armour, wide tracks, and used the torsion-bar suspension. The designs were the [[SMK]], T-100, and what would become the '''KV tank''', which was named after the then Soviet Defense Commissar '''K'''liment '''V'''oroshilov.

As the prototypes were being developed and tested, the Winter War with Finland began. The Soviets sent these tanks into Finland for combat testing, and the KV design outperformed its contemporaries in every way with its superior armour and firepower. The armour on the KV tank was impenetrable by most tank cannons in service and most anti-tank guns as well, the 76.2 cannon also gave it a huge firepower boost compared to the usual 37 mm in use by other countries. However, the design was found to be difficult to steer, the transmission was unreliable, the ergonomics were poor and vision was limited. At 45-tons, it was also very heavy tank for its time. In truth, while formidable in firepower and protection, it gained a bad reputation among its crews. The main variant of production before World War II broke out was the '''KV-1''' model.

The initial production in 1939 had the KV-1 equipped with an [[KV-1 (L-11)|L-11 cannon]], and later this was upgraded to the F-32 in 1940, then to the [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|F-34 (or ZiS-5) cannon]] in 1941. The Model 1941 production also had the KV-1 up-armoured for increased survivability. The tank had an additional 25-35 mm of armour added to the turret, hull front and sides. The turret was also now made of cast construction rather than welded. This KV-1 construction was designated the '''KV-1B''' and it served with the Soviet Union as a response to crew complaints about the inadequacy of the KV tanks and while the changes did little to mitigate this criticism, the additional protection was welcomed by its crews. However, the increased armour on the KV-1B caused an increased weight and lowered its top speed. The tank could only do about 19 mph (30 km/h) on roads and went even slower in cross-country. The operational range of the vehicle was only 155 miles (250 kilometres).

===Captured usage===
Finnish troops captured many Soviet armoured vehicles during the Winter War and Continuation War. Among these were KV-1B's, which the Finnish affectionately nicknamed the "Klimi". This KV-1B (real model is KV-1E) was captured near Solomennoye, Petrozavodsk at the start of the Continuation War. A second KV-1, a 1942 model was captured around the same time. The KV-1s and other tanks in Finnish service fought off the Soviets when they invaded Finland again in the Continuation War in June 1944. The KV-1B "Klimi" was used in various battles, such as the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, in defence against the Soviets. This conflict ended with the treaty agreement between the Soviet Union and Finland for peace in late August 1944. Both Finnish KV-1's survived the war and can now be found in the tank museum at Parola.

Several KV-1s survived the war, most as monuments, but also in museums, along with several reproductions. Only one genuine KV-1 was restored to running condition in Russia after it was found in the bottom of the Neva River. One KV-1B can also be found at the Bovington Tank Museum at England.

=== In-game description ===
This was a captured KB-1 Soviet tank modified under field conditions. The gun was replaced with a German KwK 40 with a corresponding scope, and a commander’s turret was also installed.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany heavy tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

T-26

2019-10-20T03:05:18Z

U47136605: grammar / readability, touched up pros/cons

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_t_26_1940}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_T-26.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a reserve rank {{specs|rank}} Soviet light tank {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41. It is a tiny tank with rather thin armour, but with a heavy hitting [[20-K (45 mm)|45 mm cannon]] that can devastate most enemies at its battle rating.

This is one of the Soviet starter tanks. Unlike its German counterpart, the [[Pz.II C|PzKpfw II Ausf.C]], it has a single-shot cannon that makes it more suitable for ranged engagements. With its poor armour, it is recommended to stay at distance from autocannons and Heavy Machine Guns (HMGs) since they can shred the T-26 pretty easily at any angle. With light armour, average mobility, and a good gun for its rank, the T-26 is a frontline support. While these qualities may not be representative of later Soviet tanks, it is a good trainer nevertheless, given that it is forgiving and harder to play than later tanks.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

This is definitively the worst characteristic of this vehicle; armour is flat and thin on all sides. Do not expose yourself to enemy fire. Crew placement is not lined up from the front, meaning shells without HE filler can take up to 3 shots before being destroyed. Beware of HMGs and autocannons, since they will be able to penetrate your armour.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (22°) ''Front plate'' 7 mm (64-80°) ''Front glacis'' 15 mm (6-52°) ''Lower glacis'' || 15 mm (21-23°) ''Top'' 15 mm (0°) ''Bottom'' || 15 mm (0°) ''Top'' 15 mm (12°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm ''Hull'' 6 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 15 mm (13-15°) ''Turret front'' 15 mm (5-44°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 15 mm (17-19°) || 15 mm (17°) || 10 mm
|}
'''Notes'''

* Suspension wheel are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 6 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

While being a light tank, its mobility is one of a medium. It will take you where you want to be, provided you choose your route well and avoid tricky manoeuvres. Reverse speed, while not great (-6 km/h), can save you from some bad situations, provided cover is not too far behind.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 9.8 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 33 (AB)
|-
|30 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|141
|174
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|80
|91
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|14.39
|17.75
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|8.16
|9.28
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|20-К (45 mm)}}

The [[20-K (45 mm)|20-K]] is the typical Soviet rank 1 gun. Players should get used to it since it will be your main armament up until rank 2. This gun has a good amount of HE filler, meaning penetrating shells will do good damage, sometimes even one-shotting enemies. In longer ranges, shells begin to lose penetration and accuracy; it is not made for sniping. Try to bring ~10-15 BR-240SP (pure AP shells) for heavier targets. This gun is very forgiving to beginners, with its very fast reload speed and turret traverse.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[20-К (45 mm)|45 mm 20-K]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 205 || -5°/+28° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 9.50 || 13.20 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 9.50 || 11.20 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.80 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| BR-240 || APHEBC ||69||68||59||50||42||35
|-
| BR-240SP || AP || 73 ||71||62||52||44||37
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| BR-240 || APHEBC || 760 || 1.4 || 1.2 || 15 || 32.3 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-240SP || AP || 757 || 1.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_T-26.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the T-26.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''205''' || 165 ''(+40)'' || 124 ''(+81)'' || 83 ''(+122)'' || 42 ''(+163)'' || 1 ''(+204)'' || style="text-align:left" | Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 124 ''(+81)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,890 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Good penetration even at distance.
* Post penetration damage is excellent.
* Decent reload time.
* Fast turret rotation speed.
* Good gun depression.
* The ammo rack is difficult to destroy.
* Can carry huge amount of ammo (over 200 shells).
* Free repairs and main ammo
* Forgiving tank for new players

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armour compared to the [[Pz.II C|PzKpfw II Ausf.C]].
* Tall profile compared to the [[Pz.II C|PzKpfw II Ausf.C]].
* Very weak roof armour, vulnerable to machine gun fire from airplanes.
* Poor top speed, woeful reverse.
* .50 cal is enough to penetrate this vehicle.
* Very slow at scaling hills due to weak engine power.
* Only 3 crew members.
* One shot from the side can easily knock out all the crew.

== History ==

===Development===
The '''T-26''' light tank design is derived from the British Vickers 6-ton tank. In early 1930s, a Soviet buying committee traveled to Britain and purchased tanks, tractors, and cars for use in the Soviet Union, of which the Vickers tank was chosen. Fifteen Twin-turreted Vickers tank arrived into the Soviet Union in May 1930, equipped with only machine guns. Four more Vickers were delivered at the end of 1930, these being the single-turret variants with a 47 mm gun, and the deliveries were finished by 1932. The Vickers-produced tanks were designated as the ''V-26''.

The Vickers 6-ton tank competed with several Soviet designs for the "most suitable" tank design for Soviet use. One such competitor was the Soviet ''T-19'' light tank, which had advantages over the Vickers design, but also disadvantages. The T-19 designer, S. Ginzburg, suggested for a "hybrid" tank to be built off the features of the T-19 and the Vickers tank. But in January 1931, intelligence picked up that Poland bought up many foreign tanks from Britain and France with license to mass-produce them. This information pressured the Soviet military council to adopt the foreign tanks into Soviet usage, thus the Vickers 6-ton tank, under the designation as the '''T-26''', was accepted into service in February 13, 1931 as the main-stay of the Red Army's armoured forces.

Although outclassed later in the war, it was considered one of the more successful and widely produced tank model in the 1930s. It, along with the [[BT-7|BT]] light tanks, composed of the majority of Russia's armoured forces in late 1930s. It weighed just a little under 10 tons, had 15 mm thick armour in front, with a 45 mm 20K gun, and had a crew of three people. The Bolshevik Factory in Leningrad was the first factory to start producing the T-26 from June 1931, and production of the tank lasted from then until 1941.

===Variants===
During its production life, many variants of it was made for different purposes, up to '''53''' different ones to fit different roles, though only 23 would see service in production. Such designs included changes like a twin-turreted version (some with only machine guns and some with cannons), command tanks, added armour, artillery tanks (such as the [[T-26-4]]), flamethrower tanks, remote-controlled tanks, or just armoured carriers to tow artillery and such. Others were simply modified variants of the normal variants such as the [[T-26E]], which was the base single-turreted T-26 design with 30-40 mm applique armour made during the Winter War, which made them more resilient to the Finnish anti-tank weapons.

All these tanks produced in the span of 1931 to 1941 made up a total 10,300 tanks, and 1,701 other variants of it, for a total of 12,001 units produced.

===Combat usage===
The T-26 first saw combat in the Spanish Civil War, where it showed its superiority over the current tanks of the period fielded by Italy and Germany. Then it saw combat against the Japanese in the Soviet-Japanese border conflicts at Lake Khasan and Khalkhin Gol, which exposed some of the design defects such as poor armour welding and the disadvantages of riveted constructions (the rivet would break off and could harm the crew inside). After that, the T-26 saw service in the Invasion of Poland and the Winter War against Finland. The Winter War effectively showed the Soviets that the T-26 was obsolete, as the 37 mm guns and anti-tank rifles and Finnish have could penetrate the light armour of the T-26. When World War II for Russia finally broke out in Operation Barbarossa, the T-26 proved inferior to the German's [[Pz.III F|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]], plus the air supremacy of the Luftwaffe ensured many tanks were lost in the opening stages of Barbarossa.

The T-26 at this point also were breaking down and the lack of spare parts made repairs hard, resulting in multiple T-26 units also being knocked out for being irrecoverable. The T-26 was gradually phased from service by the new, venerable [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]] medium tanks, which gave Germany a run for their money. The T-26 still saw service in the war as a second-line unit, as it was still fighting in the Battle of Moscow of 1941, Stalingrad of 1942, and in Manchuria in 1945.

===Survivors===
A number of survivors exist today in different museums, about 45 of them are still intact. A majority of them are in Russia, Spain, and Finland, where they saw most of their services.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

{{Youtube-gallery|2agFDeZ7mEI|T-26 - The Soviet Deathbox}}

== See also ==


* [[T-26-4]] - Artillery version of the vehicle with a 76 mm howitzer
* [[BT-5]] - Other reserve vehicle for the USSR
* [[Pz.II C]] - Comparable vehicle in German tech tree
* [[M2A4]] - Comparable vehicle in USA tech tree.

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR light tanks}}

SB2U-2

2019-10-19T23:51:25Z

U47136605: grammar / readability

{{Specs-Card
|code=sb2u-2
|cockpit=333649/1107899
}}
{{About
|about = aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = other uses
|link = SB2 (Disambiguation)
}}
== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]].

The SB2U was developed in the early 1930s and although considered obsolete at the outbreak of World War II, it still remained in service through the Battle of Midway. However, in 1943, it was withdrawn into training units and replaced by more advanced aircraft.This aircraft featured a constant-speed propeller which was intended to be utilized as a dive brake while performing dive bombing attack maneuvers. There are three hard points for bombs to be attached, one 250 lb bomb under each wing and a single 500 or 1,000 lb bomb mounted onto a pylon under the fuselage. The larger bomb was also attached to what was called a “trapeze”, a device which would when the bomb was released, swing the bomb clear of the propeller arc.

The SB2U-2 is a carrier based dive bomber. This aircraft is a fairly slow aircraft, but sturdy. Built as a dive-bomber, it excels at diving down above a target to release its bombs. The SB2U is one of few early aircraft in War Thunder which features dive flaps to aid in retarding the build up of speed during a dive, helping prevent ripping off of wings in RB and SB. Wing mounted machine guns allow for this aircraft to strafe softer ground or water targets while waiting for bombs to reload (AB). Rear facing dorsal gunner helps to ward off enemy attackers, however it is not a game changer for this aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,084 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 338 || 329 || 6,800 || 23.6 || 24.5 || 3.7 || 4.5 || 300
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,084 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 383 || 360 || 6,800 || 20.4 || 22.0 || 9.7 || 6.2 || 300
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || N/A || ~?? || ~?
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 300 || < 350 || < 320 || > 299
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,895 m || 750 hp || 825 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 3 mm Steel boxes between the pilot and gunner
* No armour glazing
* Critical components located at front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* The only fuel tank is located in the fuselage

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|:Category:Suspended armaments|l1=Suspended armaments}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordinance:

* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb + 2 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (700 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb + 2 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bomb (1,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, rear turret (600 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The SB2U-2 is a slow aircraft which leads it to having two options. The first that a pilot may choose is to hug the terrain. While flying to your target of choice (AAA sites, AA Vehicles or bases), fly along the terrain, utilizing the hills and valleys there are to fly through. Time on target may be limited before the enemy gets to your location, so drop your bombs and return to friendly cover as soon as possible. This aircraft can maneuver fairly well. Utilizing elevator and rudder controls, you can quickly flip this aircraft around and return to ground attacking targets you just flew over.

The second option will be to gain altitude. Going too high will render your bombs ineffective. The idea here is to gain several thousand feet, fly towards your target of choice and then dive on it. During your dive, your aircraft will build up speed, to prevent too much speed build up and control stiffening, reduce your throttle and engage dive brakes (h). This will allow you a controlled descent and the ability to line up your target easier, the unfortunate down side is that now you are slowly moving in a straight line, easy target for enemy fighters. Once you swoop on your target and release your bombs, engage full throttle and retract dive brakes.

While this aircraft is slow, it can be utilized to attack fighters if in a pinch. The maneuverability of this aircraft along with its slow speed can aid in forcing an attacking enemy to overshoot or underestimate the capabilities of this aircraft.

The rear-facing dorsal gunner does not deter much, don’t rely on him to clear your tail of trailing aircraft. Enemy fighters will assume this aircraft to be an easy target due to its size and slow speed.

The SB2U-2 is a slow aircraft, however it is manoeuvrable. Due to the large surface area of the wings and rudder, it can make quick reversals through wing-overs, causing faster fighters to overshoot. The rear-gunner does not pack much of a punch, however coming at this aircraft from the underside will avoid any offensive/defensive weapons allowing for time to line up a shot. Aim for critical areas of the aircraft (engine, pilot, fuel…) as the body of the aircraft can soak up a good amount of damage.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable
No automatic pitch
| rowspan="2" | Controllable || rowspan="2" |Controllable|| rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
| FSBC mk.5
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| Turret 7 mm
| FLBC mk.1
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Manoeuvrable
* Dual role dive bomber/attacker
* Good diver
* Decent bomb loadout for its BR

'''Cons:'''

* Large target
* Slow speed
* Weak defensive armament

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on aircraft;''
* ''other literature.'''

{{USA bombers}}

Bf 109 K-4

2019-10-19T17:12:48Z

U47136605: Added 2 videos to the Media section of the article

{{Specs-Card|code=bf-109k-4}}
{{About
| about = German fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Bf 109 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Bf109K4.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.29. The K-4 is the pinnacle of the famed [[Bf_109_(Disambiguation)|109 series]]. The `'''K'''urfürst´ frame is the last iteration and was focused on ease of production rather than performance, yet it features the best power to weight ratio and acceleration of any 109, turning this machine into a beast. However, the age of the design is reflected in its poor high-speed characteristics.

Use the plane's outstanding climb rate and keep speed. Energy fighting tactics should be this plane's primary mode of fighting. It has good acceleration when using WEP. This grants the machine reasonable zoom climbing abilities. If chased, dodge away from the enemy with fancy manoeuvers without losing too much speed. In Realistic Battles, try to do a climbing spiral, but be sure to be in a higher energy state than the enemy! A miscalculation and the foe will have the opportunity for an easy deflection shot.

However, there are also downsides. The top speed can be reached quickly, yet the plane is not fast when stock. While it does have an edge in agility, it has bad low-speed manoeuvrability. Furthermore, foes will not usually engage in manoeuvering combat, rendering any manoeuvrability advantage moot.

K-4 can outmanoeuvre these planes at medium speeds (<450 IAS/kph): [[P-51]] (all types), [[P-47D-28|P-47D]], [[Typhoon_Mk_Ib/L|Typhoons]] and the [[La-9]]. However, it will have a hard time dealing with other late Rank IV aircraft, especially Spitfires. It is highly recommended to use rudder during rolls as this increases the roll rate dramatically. This is useful if when trying to force an overshoot or when avoiding shots.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 685 || 666 || 12,800 || 20.3 || 21.2 || 18.2 || 18.2 || 333
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
|761||720|| 12,800 ||18.1||18.9||32.3||23.9|| 333
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 790 || 450 || 520 || ~17 || ~10
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 390 || < 390 || < 470 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,900 m || 1,250 hp || 1,775 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
The 109 K-4 has a very substantial amount of armor around the pilot, but is mainly to protect the gigantic fuel tank your pilot is sitting on top off. The fuel tank however is self sealing.
[[File:All armor.png|none|thumb|All the armor plates on the 109 K-4Red = 60 mm bullet proof glass plates

Yellow = 21 mm steel plate behind the fuel tank

Teal = 4 mm steel plate covering the exterior of the fuel tank and pilot's seat.

Green = 8 mm steel plate covering the back rest of the pilot's seat

Yellowish green = 10 mm of steel surrounding the 60 mm bulletproof glass behind the pilot]]
[[File:Fuel tank 109 K4.png|none|thumb|Picture of the giant fuel tank the pilot is sitting on (self-sealing)]]

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)|MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MG 131 (13 mm)}}

The Bf 109 K-4 is armed with:

* A choice between a 30 mm MK 108 or a 20 mm MG 151 cannon:
** 1 x 30 mm MK 108 cannon, nose-mounted (65 rpg)
** 1 x 20 mm MG 151 cannon, nose-mounted (200 rpg)
* 2 x 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)}}

The Bf 109 K-4 can be outfitted with the following:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, wing-mounted (135 RPG = 270 total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Bf109k4.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Bf 109 K-4's instrument panel.]]
The MK 108 is a double-edged sword: Nicknamed by the allies for its characteristic sound, the `''Jackhammer''´ lives true to its name. Slow but powerful. Its '''main purpose''': Demolition of heavy objects, such as flying fortresses such as the B-17G. However, its '''common''' '''purpose''' in War Thunder remains to hunt fighter planes. The cannon's rate of fire is extremely low, making it good for conserving ammo, but bad for deflection shots. Furthermore, the minengeschoß-shells are slow- very slow. One must either become very good at leading the shells, or close the distance. Kills are generally done from 300 meters away, if not closer. On the plus side, the damage is equivalent to most 37 mm cannons upon hitting. Tip: In order to better learn and understand the cannon's trajectory, do not fire in conjunction with the machine guns.

The two additional machine guns are best fired alone. The MG 131 features HE shells (named IAI in-game) as the ''Tracer belt''. Yet they are only highly effective in Simulator battles, where they will deal good damage to control surface areas, causing inexperienced pilots to lose control. In Arcade and Realistic battles however, the instructor will dampen any such effects. Here, the damage-based ''Stealth'' and ''Fighter'' belts fare better.

The plane should be equip one of two load-outs: with either the single 30 mm cannon or 2 x 20 mm cannons. The single 30 mm is very capable of taking out 2-3 bombers and the low muzzle velocity matters less due to the large targets. The 3 x 20 mm cannons are very capable of taking out fighters due to the high shell density and and sheer damage output. A single 20 mm does not deal enough damage and the 30 mm with gunpods is rather ineffective due to the differing muzzle velocities of the 30 mm and 20 mm cannons.

One technique you can use the is the prop pitch technique. Most of the later 109s have this but it is really effective in the 109 K-4. The prop pitch technique is using Manual Engine Control (Found in Sim controls) to set your prop pitch to 100% but throttle to 0%. This will make your prop, a giant air brake and is very helpful in forcing over shoots. It can also be very helpful in diving where you might get dangerously close to your rip speed.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mixer
! rowspan="2" |Pitch
! colspan="3" |Radiator
! rowspan="2" |Supercharger
! rowspan="2" |Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not ontrollable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" |Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair||Radiator
|
| Offensive 13 mm||MG.151/20 cannon
|-
| II
| ||Compressor
| Airframe
| New 13 mm MGs||R4 modification
|-
| III
| Wings repair||Engine
|
| Offensive 30 mm||Offensive 20 mm
|-
| IV
| ||Engine injection
| Cover
| New 30 mm cannons||New 20 mm cannons
|-
|}

The true acceleration power of the plane is only achieved very late into the grind. Specifically, the Tier 4 ''Engine injection'' modification provides a significant boost and is a top priority. On the way there, all engine upgrades should be taken.
13 mm Belts are helpful for removing tracer rounds. The 20 mm gunpods with belts and the gun upgrade are viable choices but engine injection remains a priority.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very powerful engine when using WEP, providing excellent acceleration and climb rate
* MEC can extend its climb rate and top speed in RB/SB
* Nose mounted weaponry
* Good performance at medium altitude
* Good firepower for killing bombers
* Can carry additional armament
* Performance on par with Griffon Spitfires (even better when fully upgraded)
* 30 mm cannon will destroy anything that it hits
* Can research nose-mounted 20 mm MG 151 cannon
* Exceptional high-speed manoeuvrability

'''Cons:'''

* Low cannon ammunition count for the 30 mm MK 108 cannon and the 13 mm MG 131 machine guns
* Low velocity 30 mm shell with a high drop, resulting in a VERY large lead angle on targets in turn leading to poor dogfight performance due to having to pull extreme turns to get guns on target
* Flimsy frame, prone to react heavily to damage
* Very heavy and slow to fly without WEP when stock
* Stock 13 mm machine gun belts consist solely out of tracers. They alert the enemy aware of your presence, make aiming the 30 mm impossible, and do nothing else
* Fighters with lower top speeds but better low altitude performances (such as Russia's La-7 fighters) will find it quite easy to run you down if you are at a low energy state
* Very slow deploying flaps

== History ==

The Bf 109 K-4 was one of Kurfurst Bf 109 series, Kurfurst was the last series of 109 before war's end. The K series was the most upgraded and most expensive 109 and with war coming to an end not many were built. Work on the K series began in the spring of 1943 and prototype was ready by autumn of the same year. The series began production in August 1944 with the K-4 but due to changes to the design and delays with the new DB605D engine, the K-4 was the only one to be mass produced. Externally, the Kurfurst series had changes in radio equipment location hatch. A filler point for the fuselage fuel tank, and with removal of the D/F loop, were the main external differences to other Bf109 series. The landing gear also had doors that closed up the bottom completely and armament was the Motorkanone 108 (30 mm) , 2 x MG 131 (13 mm), with additional 2 gun pods of MG 151 (20 mm). Payloads included a 500 kg bomb or on rare occasion Wfr.Gr.21 Rockets (21 cm). Due to limited resources many of the variants didn't enter production.

Variants:

*R I ETC 501/IX b or Schloß 503belly bomb rack, fusing equipment for fitting a 250 kg (550 lb) or 500 kg (1,100 lb) bomb
*R III Schloß 503A-1 rack for one fuselage drop tank (300 L/80 US gal).
*R IV BSK 16 gun-camera in the left wing between nose ribs 3 and 4.
*R VI two 20 mm Mauser MG 151/20 under wing gun pods with 135 rpg.
*K-0 Pre-production aircraft, powered by a DB 605DM engine
*K-2 proposed version without pressurized cockpit
*K-4 only serial production version without pressurized cockpit, powered by a DB 605DM (early pdn) or DB/DC engine
*K-6 proposed heavy fighter version, as K-4 with reinforced wings holding two additional 30 mm MK 108 cannons and additional armour
*K-8 proposed reconnaissance version, equipment similar to G-8
*K-10 proposed version, similar to K-6, MK 103 M engine cannon instead of MK 108
*K-12 proposed version, dual-seat trainer similar to G-12
*K-14 proposed version, similar to K-6, powered by a DB 605L engine

=== In-game description ===
"The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a single-seat monoplane fighter used by the Luftwaffe before and during WWII. It was used as a fighter, interceptor, high-altitude interceptor, fighter-bomber and reconnaissance aircraft.

The Bf 109K ""Kurfuerst"" was the last mass-produced variant of the Bf 109 family. It first reached front-line units in September 1944 (or early 1945, according to other data). The fighter was powered by the Daimler-Benz DB 605 DCM engine and had more powerful armament, with some variants equipped with two 15mm or three 30mm cannon."

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|xMZo89CWWuA|How to use propeller pitch technique}}
{{Youtube-gallery|Luxss9DRoZU|BF109 K4 Vs Spitfires}}
{{Youtube-gallery|nYXB_a0RA40|War Thunder Realistic: Bf 109 K-4 [High-G Resistant]}}
== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany fighters}}

P-47D (Germany)

2019-10-18T21:44:44Z

U47136605: reworded a con, *attempted* to explain how to play this aircraft in Air Battles

{{Specs-Card|code=p-47d_luftwaffe}}
{{About
| about = fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = P-47 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_P-47D_Germany.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} German fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,144 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 675 || 655 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.2 || 27.2 || 7.3 || 7.3 || 600
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,144 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| ??? || ??? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || 600
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 520 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 402 || < 420 || < 470 || > 335
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,500 m || 2,000 hp || 2,300 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 8 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, wing-mounted (425 rpg = 3,400 total)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

As with the other P-47's in game, this aircraft should be primarily played using Boom and Zoom tactics. You may need to sideclimb in order to get in to a viable position, given that allied aircraft will be at a higher altitude than you a good amount of the time. It is highly recommended to not try and turn with the aircraft you are trailing, as this is how you will quickly lose energy and become easy pickings. Instead, after your first pass, initiate a relatively steep climb. This will allow you to once again take the altitude advantage on the enemy, which will further give more opportunities for BnZing. When climbing back up, however, pay attention to what aircraft may be around. You are essentially a free kill for anyone in the vicinity if you are not aware of what is around.

This variant of the P-47 does not offer any payload, so using it in a CAS role may not be as effective versus the other P-47 variants.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Controllable Not auto controlled || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Controllable Auto control available
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Great at diving and Boom & Zoom
* Impressive speed, great engine performance above 6,000 m
* Very rugged construction can keep the plane flying despite damages
* Impressive firepower of 8 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns with also impressive ammunition pool
* Very fast for its rank

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible turning time at low altitude/low speed
* Mediocre climb performance (side climbing recommended)
* Larger than average fighters

* Doesn't have the ability to ground pound

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
"The Republic P-47 Thunderbolt was an American fighter-bomber of the WWII era. It was one of the main USAAF fighters of WWII, especially effective as a fighter-bomber. The P-47 was also sent to the USSR via the lend-lease program. It was designed at Republic Aviation by two emigrants from the Russian Empire, Alexander Seversky and Alexander Kartveli.

The official designation of the P-47, like that of many other Republic aircraft, is related to the word Thunder. However, the P-47's unmatched dimensions and weight led to the P-47 being nicknamed the Jug. Another informal nickname, more common during WWII, is Bolt or T-Bolt. The most mass-produced variant of the P-47 was the P-47D with a teardrop canopy. The variant was in development as early as 1941 and the first order for 850 P-47Ds was placed in late 1941. Many more Thunderbolts would be built during the war, making it the most mass-produced US fighter of WWII by 1945."

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany fighters}}
{{Germany premium aircraft}}