War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

USS Flagstaff

2024-11-24T21:51:42Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_flagstaff_pgh1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the only gunboat of her class to be built. Laid down in June 1966 by aircraft manufacturer Grumman, she would be commissioned into service in September 1968. Being an experimental vessel, she had an operational evaluation period before being deployed to the conflict in Vietnam; she would be used in high speed patrol missions until 1970. She would return to the US at that point, being used in various readiness trials and serving as a testbed for many systems. Loaned several times to the US Coast Guard to evaluate the suitability of hydrofoil craft, she ultimately saw dissatisfactory results. Eventually she would be returned to the navy, and sold for only $30,000.

She is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American motor gun boat, introduced during [[Update "Alpha Strike"]] as a reward for the [[Battle Pass: Season XV, "Northern King"|Battle Pass]]. Being incredibly lightly armoured, she stands out as being the fastest vessel in the US Naval tree, even faster than the [[USS Tucumcari]] found in the tech tree. This of course comes at the cost of even the most minimal protection, so captains can expect to use their mobility rather than protection to mitigate enemy fire. It also amusingly comes equipped with the turret of the [[M551]] as its main armament, giving it a hard hitting punch against enemy coastal vessels.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|M81 (152 mm)|Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)}}
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:M81 (152 mm)/Ammunition|M657A2}}

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{:Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T, AP-T}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|AN-M2 (12.7 mm)}}
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI|High-explosive incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}
* '''.50 AP belt:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}
* '''.50 APIT belt:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI|High-explosive incendiary}}

{{:AN-M2 (12.7 mm)/Ammunition|HEI, API-T, AP}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|Mk 2 mortar}}
''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|_JPoPGmJWgk|'''Battle Pass: Northern King''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:45 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Manufacturer Grumman}}
{{USA boats}}
{{USA premium ships}}

USS Roanoke

2024-11-10T06:26:21Z

U40820515: /* Survivability and armour */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_worcester_class_roanoke
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The ''Worcester''-class light cruisers are the final class of "gun cruiser" built for the United States Navy, being laid down just a few months before the end of World War II. The class was, in concept, built as a distinctive hybrid between the ''[[USS Cleveland|Cleveland]]''-class and ''[[USS Atlanta|Atlanta]]''/''Juneau''-class light cruiser, featuring twelve 6-inch guns mounted in six twin turrets arranged in linear configuration. Each 6-inch gun was intended to be dual-purpose, and as such they were housed inside a turret with high elevation and firing angles to engage air targets, not dissimilar with the 5-inch dual-purpose guns onboard the ''Cleveland'' and ''Atlanta''. However, with the advent of guided anti-ship and surface-to-air missile, the ''Worcester''-class, along with its heavier counterpart the ''[[Des Moines (Family)|Des Moines]]''-class, were considered obsolete. Out of ten original ships ordered, only two ships; ''Worcester'' and ''Roanoke'' were completed. Neither saw any action during their relatively short 11-year career before being decommissioned in 1958.

Introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]], the '''{{Specs|name}}''' features an alternative take on the "gun cruiser" design of the ''[[USS Cleveland|Cleveland]]'' and ''[[USS Brooklyn|Brooklyn]]'', featuring twelve 6-inch guns that were capable of engaging surface and air targets. As the ship is optimized for anti-air duties using her 6-inch guns, she lacked the 5-inch dual-purpose guns that were a common feature of American cruisers, thus captains may often find her dedicated air defense to be somewhat lacklustre. Nevertheless, once the HE-VT shell options are unlocked, the ''Roanoke'' is capable of easily eliminating both ground and air targets, even at longer ranges.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The USS Roanoke as a late war US Light Cruiser has a similar armour layout to ships such as the [[USS Cleveland]] or [[USS Fargo]]. Similar to those, its main armour belt is a {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} plate angled at 3-4° to increase its effectiveness. This plate, though thin in vertical coverage area, does cover the area from the waterline to the top of the machinery spaces along with the two highest placed (I.E. above waterline) magazines. It is resistant to {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} fire at typical engagement ranges, and is almost immune to {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} fire from nearly all ranges except for point blank. Slightly below the waterline this drops to a {{Annotation|3-inch|76.2 mm}} plate, intended to catch any stray shells which may manage to make it through the water. The entirety of the hull is covered in {{Annotation|0.625 inches|15.875 mm}} of armour plate. This will not defeat any destroyer calibre {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour Piercing}} or {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} shells, but may lessen the damage from {{Annotation|HE|High-explosive}} shells or anti-aircraft gun fire.

Roanoke, same as every other US cruiser has no access to torpedo bulges; this leaves her only torpedo protection as internal bulkheads and the fuel tanks lining the sides of the ship. These fuel tanks cover every magazine, but essentially every torpedo will blast straight through these. It is recommended to attempt to avoid torpedoes at all costs, though if a hit is inevitable it is preferable to take the hit amidships, where the fuel tanks have the most coverage. Avoid taking a torpedo hit below the turrets at all costs.

The armoured deck covering the machinery spaces and citadel was increased heavily to {{Annotation|3.5 inches|88.9 mm}} of armour; this is intended to stop the blast from long ranged, arcing shells already fuzed by the {{Annotation|0.875 inch|22.225 mm}} deck armour. The turrets are well armoured for a light cruiser, with a face of {{Annotation|6.5 inches|165.1 mm}} angled from 10 to 85° depending on the area. This means it's less effective against {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} especially at closer ranges, but it should still be frontally immune to most destroyers. The sides and top of the turrets have {{Annotation|3 inches|76.2 mm}} of armour, and the rear only {{Annotation|1.5 inches|38 mm}}. Take care to avoid any fire to the sides and rear of the turret, as essentially any ship will be able to penetrate armour of this thickness at essentially all but extreme ranges. The turret barbettes have {{Annotation|6 inches|152.4 mm}} of armour, and these lead all the way down to the magazines.

The magazine protection varies wildly, with no armour besides the fuel tanks at the front of the ship. The rear magazines do have an additional {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} plate protecting them from any shock or stray explosions. This means that by far the most vulnerable magazines are those in the bow of the ship. Captains would be wise to avoid concentrated fire to this area.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|6 inch/47 DP Mk.16 (152 mm)}}
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:6 inch/47 DP Mk.16 (152 mm)/Ammunition|6 inch Mk.34 HC, 6 inch Mk.35 AP, 6 inch Mk.34 HC (base fuze), 6 inch Mk.34 HC-VT}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|3 inch Mk.33 (76 mm)|3-inch Mk.34 (76 mm)}}
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:3 inch Mk.33 (76 mm)/Ammunition|76 mm HC Mk.27, 76 mm HE-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}
''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

While having good firepower, the survivability of the {{PAGENAME}} is rather poor, mostly owing to its ammo placement. Not only is its magazine huge, but the number 1, 3, and 4 turrets have ammo placed right at the waterline, in contrast to most other ships that have their ammo stored at the bottom of the hull. The 127mm armour belt won't stop any AP shells at this BR or higher, so even a single salvo from an enemy cruiser is very likely to cause instant destruction from an ammo detonation. Therefore, the {{PAGENAME}} should avoid the most heated confrontations, instead helping allies take out isolated enemies, aircraft or small, nimble boats and destroyers, a job it does well thanks to its radar and fast rangefinder. If forced into combat against enemies of equal or greater rank, the {{PAGENAME}} should try to have hard cover or allies nearby to hide behind. Even shallow cover like low-lying islands can be helpful; as long as the vulnerable magazines near the waterline are hidden, the {{PAGENAME}} will become just as durable as other cruisers at this BR.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Twelve fast-firing 6-inch guns in six turrets, thus being able to keep more firepower in case some were disabled
* Main guns has very good handling and elevation, capable of engaging surface and air targets
* Very well protected for a light cruiser, with layer of anti-frag armour and thick citadel armour along the length of the ship
* Numerous 3-inch AA guns are effective at harrassing deck mounts and countering PT boats
* Generally fast and manoeuvrable despite the size
* Has an air search radar and fast rangefinding system
'''Cons:'''
* Very large in size, can be easily spotted and targeted
* Six turrets in linear configuration resulting in a huge ammo rack size, any shot that went through citadel are likely to detonate it
* Much like other American cruiser, it has no torpedo armaments
* Lack of 5-inch dual-purposes guns resulting into mediocre anti-air capability while stock, forcing the usage of 6-inch guns to manually engage air targets

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_worcester_class_roanoke Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer New York Shipbuilding Corp.}}
{{USA light cruisers}}

F-15J(M)

2024-07-28T22:23:48Z

U40820515: /* Engine performance */

{{About
| about = Japan jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-15 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f_15j_kai
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Seek & Destroy"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Ishikawa-Harima F100-IHI-220E || 2
| colspan="2" | 13,150 kg || colspan="3" | 341 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel
|-
| 1,470 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 14,981 kg || 16,143 kg || 17,689 kg || 19,249 kg || 31,042 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,070 kgf || 8,410 kgf
| 1.12 || 1.04 || 0.95 || 0.87 || 0.54
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 6,500 kgf (1,250 km/h) || 14,250 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.90 || 1.77 || 1.61 || 1.48 || 0.92
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The F-15 was designed with a focus on survivability. It can often survive non-direct missile hits and still be operational enough to land, compared to planes like the [[Mirage 2000 (Family)|Mirage 2000]] or [[F-16 (Family)|F-16]]. The F-15 has no armour protection, but the high capacity of countermeasures (240) helps with decoying incoming missiles.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|JM61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm JM61A1 cannon, wing root-mounted (940 rpg)
* 240 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="4%" | 1 !! width="4%" | 2 !! width="4%" | 3 !! width="4%" | 4 !! width="4%" | 5 !! width="4%" | 6 !! width="4%" | 7 !! width="4%" | 8 !! width="4%" | 9 !! width="4%" | 10 !! width="4%" | 11
| rowspan="12" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_F-15A.png]]</div>
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1, 6 || || || || 1, 6 || || || || 1, 6 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1, 6 || || || || 1, 6 || || || || 1, 6 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || 1 || || || || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[BLU-27/B incendiary]] bombs
| || 3 || || || || 3 || || || || 3 ||
|-
! [[AAM-3]] missiles
| 1 || || 1 || || || || || || 1 || || 1
|-
! [[AAM-4]] missiles
| || || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[AIM-7M Sparrow]] missiles
| || || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || 1 || || || || || || 1 || || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9M Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || 1 || || || || || || 1 || || 1
|-
! [[AIM-120A]] missiles
| 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1
|-
! 610 gal drop tanks
| || 1* || || || || 1 || || || || 1* ||
|-
| colspan="13" | * Wing-mounted drop tanks must be equipped together
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 3 x 610 gal drop tanks
* 2 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AAM-3 missiles
* 4 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
* 4 x AAM-4 missiles
* 8 x AIM-120A missiles
* 18 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 18 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 9 x BLU-27/B incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Manufacturer MHI}}
{{Japan jet aircraft}}

F-15C MSIP II

2024-07-28T22:05:40Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{About
| about = American jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-15 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f_15c_msip2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a further development of the F-15A, the F-15C being almost impossible to visually distinguish from its earlier predecessor. It was originally intended as a small upgrade to the F-15A, but would go on to be much more. Coming only a few years later, in its initial fit the only major difference was extra fuel, with the same engines, radar and still no countermeasures. The {{Annotation|MSIP|Multi-Stage Improvement Program}} II refit in the mid 80s aimed to rectify that. The F-15C gained access to the AN/APG-63 PSP radar, flares, new engines optimized for high speeds and the ability to carry CFTs to further extend range as well; all a part of {{Annotation|MSIP|Multi-Stage Improvement Program}}.

Soldiering on though the late 80s and 90s, the F-15C would gain access to the [[AIM-9M Sidewinder|AIM-9M]] and [[AIM-120A|AMRAAM]] before receiving 2 new radars in the early 2000s, the {{Annotation|AESA|Active Electronically Scanned Array}} AN/APG-63 (v)2 in late 2000 and the worse AN/APG-63 (v)1 (which our F-15C uses) in early 2001. The introduction of the AIM-9X and {{Annotation|JHMCS|Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System}} in the early to mid 2000s led into more and more advanced variants of missiles and radars, with the F-15C still being in service today, though it is finally in the process of being phased out by the F-15EX after almost 5 decades of service.

Introduced in [[Update "Seek & Destroy"]], the F-15C MSIP II in its mid 2000s variant serves as arguably one of the strongest air supremacy fighters in War Thunder. While the flight performance is marginally worse than the preceding [[F-15A]], the F-15C stands out with its large complement of air-to-air missiles, notably sharing the crown for most {{Annotation|ARH|Active Radar-Homing}} missiles at 8 with the [[F-15J(M)]] of the Japanese tree. {{Annotation|HMD|Helmet-Mounted Display}} integration also provides the ability to slave both heat-seeking missiles and radar which is a very useful capability in the fast paced battles of 4th generation aircraft. The only real downside is the lacking CAS ability with only dumb bombs and 3 TV Guided bombs compared to many of the other fighters of this rank, as the F-15C wasn't intended as a multirole aircraft, that role going to the later F-15E Strike Eagle.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2542 || 2506 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.1 || 23.7 || 235.7 || 222 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
|X
|✓
|✓
|✓
|✓
|X
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220 || 2
| colspan="2" | 13,590 kg || colspan="3" | 349 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel
|-
| 1,470 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 15,421 kg || 16,583 kg || 18,080 kg || 19,693 kg || 31,486 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,070 kgf || 8,410 kgf
| 1.09 || 1.01 || 0.93 || 0.85 || 0.53
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 6,500 kgf (1,250 km/h) || 14,250 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.85 || 1.72 || 1.58 || 1.45 || 0.91
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, wing root-mounted (940 rpg)
* 240 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 750 gal drop tanks + 3 x 610 gal drop tanks
* 2 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
* 4 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles + 2 x 750 gal drop tanks
* 4 x AIM-120A missiles
* 8 x AIM-120A missiles + 2 x 750 gal drop tanks
* 12 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 12 x 250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x 750 gal drop tanks + 12 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x 750 gal drop tanks + 12 x 250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 18 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 18 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb GBU-8 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 9 x BLU-27/B incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Good payload options
* Fast at its prime altitude
* Good amount of countermeasures
* Adequate turn time for a jet
* Overall good flight performance

*

'''Cons:'''

*

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer McDonnell}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

Baz Meshupar

2024-07-27T05:49:20Z

U40820515: /* Engine performance */

{{About
| about = Israelian jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-15 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f_15c_baz_msip
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''Baz Meshupar''' (lit. "Improved Baz") was an Israeli upgrade to the [[Baz]] (IAF designation for the [[F-15A]]/B and [[F-15C MSIP II|F-15C]]/D) introduced from 1998. It featured new domestic electronics systems and avionics borrowed from the [[Barak II|F-16 Barak]], providing a helmet-mounted display and the capability to active-radar homing missiles, approaching the standards of the F-15E Strike Eagle. While attempts have been made since its introduction to replace it with imports such as the F-15E, F-16D, and F-35, the Baz Meshupar maintains its status as Israel's primary air superiority fighter to this day.

Introduced in [[Update "Seek & Destroy"]], the '''Baz Meshupar''' is akin to an Israeli version of the [[F-15C MSIP II]], with the same armament and systems. It has access to the AIM-120A AMRAAM, a great ARH missile with very long range, a terminal self-guidance system, as well as advanced inertial navigation. This is the weapon that defines the F-15C, however, this aircraft also relies on its excellent flight performance for aerial dogfights. For short-medium range combat, it has access to AIM-9M air-to-air missiles, with IRCCM and very good manoeuvrability. However, it lacks access to modern AGMs or laser guided bombs.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a very agile fighter, its top speed is not as high as other fighters like the [[MiG-29SMT]], but it compensates this with good energy retention, excellent acceleration and an adequate low speed manoeuvrability, after dogfights, the F-15C is capable to regain its speed quickly thanks to its good power to weight ratio.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,524 || 2,488 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.6 || 22.2 || 285.7 || 272.0 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220 || 2
| colspan="2" | 13,590 kg || colspan="3" | 349 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel
|-
| 1,470 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 15,421 kg || 16,583 kg || 18,080 kg || 19,693 kg || 31,486 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (110%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,070 kgf || 8,410 kgf
| 1.10 || 1.02 || 0.93 || 0.86 || 0.54
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 6,500 kgf (1,250 km/h) || 14,250 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.85 || 1.72 || 1.58 || 1.45 || 0.91
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The most important modifications are unlocking the AIM-9M and the AIM-120A, after that, prioritize modifications like G-Suit and all the engine modifications. If you need the F-15C for ground missions, ignore the performance modifications and unlock the GBU-8 guided bombs, however note that the [[Barak II|F-16D Barak II]] is a better aircraft in ground battles than the F-15C.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, wing root-mounted (940 rpg)
* 240 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 750 gal drop tanks + 3 x 610 gal drop tanks
* 2 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x Python 3 missiles
* 4 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
* 4 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles + 2 x 750 gal drop tanks
* 8 x AIM-120A missiles
* 4 x AIM-120A missiles + 2 x 750 gal drop tanks
* 18 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 18 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb GBU-8 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 9 x BLU-27/B incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Agile at low-medium speeds
* Good power to weight ratio
* Excellent air to air weaponry
* Ability to carry missiles under external fuel tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Does not have TWS (Track While Scan) for the radar unlike the regular F-15C, meaning that the Meshupar is unable to fire AMRAAMs at different targets over 16km
* No radar HMD, limiting the combat efficiency of AMRAAM combat
* No access to rockets
* High fuel consumption
* No access to modern guided munitions like AGMs or laser guided bombs

== History ==


With its introduction into the Israeli Air Force (IAF) in the mid-1970s, the [[Baz|F-15 ''Baz'']] very quickly became a key component in Israel's regional superiority - providing an umbrella that could not be challenged by any of Israel's belligerent neighbors. Nevertheless, by the 1990s the aircraft was already being threatened by the capabilities of newer Soviet/Russian models of the [[Su-27]] and [[MiG-29]]. Though the Soviet Union was no longer around to supply such aircraft en-masse to Israel's remaining enemies (as it had done in previous decades), Israel's bitter lessons of technological parity during the 1973 Yom Kippur War led to the conclusion that the entire ''Baz'' fleet would have to be replaced in order to maintain a decisive technological edge. With close to a hundred ''Baz'' F-15s already in IAF service, this would be a complicated undertaking.

To make matters even more complicated, the 1990s were also a time of conflict between two separate issues in the air superiority fighter market. On the one hand, while the Americans had already begun funding Israel's defense to the tune of billions of dollars, this came with an exclusivity clause that would force Israel to purchase all of its fighters from the United States. Simultaneously, the United States was at this time heavily invested in development of the F-22 Raptor - which it intended to keep for itself in order to maintain its own technological edge. This left only one air superiority model on the table for Israel to buy: the F-15E Strike Eagle, a highly improved version of the F-15 that could double as a long-range precision bomber.

Fortunately for the IAF, the F-15E was perfectly suited for its purposes. Besides having had plenty of experience with previous F-15 models, the IAF also happened to be in need of a long-range precision bomber to contend with the emerging threat of ballistic missiles from Iraq and Iran. The only problem with the F-15E was that it was still in the process of being introduced into the US Air Force, and was even ''more'' expensive than previous F-15 models. This meant that the IAF would not be able to replace its entire existing F-15 ''Baz'' fleet within any reasonable timeframe. Relying solely on gradual F-15E purchases would leave Israel vulnerable for over a decade - a risk that it could not afford.

The decision was finally made to begin the purchase of F-15Es (which, after intense modification, would become the F-15I ''Ra'am'') while continuing to wait for some newer, cheaper aircraft to be developed by the Americans. However, that alternative never materialized, and by 1995 the IAF had no choice but to create its own alternative: the ''Baz 2000'' program. Building upon two decades of active combat experience with the F-15, and the emergence of a cutting-edge Israeli high-tech industrial sector, the ''Baz 2000'' program would essentially upgrade existing F-15C/Ds into something closer to an F-15E. Additionally, equipment previously featured only on the [[Barak II|F-16 ''Barak'']] would be "married" into this new plane to give it capabilities not yet seen outside the F-16 platform.

This upgrade program resulted in the '''F-15 ''Baz Meshupar''''' (lit. "Improved Baz"), more commonly known by the acronym ''BazMash''. The first such aircraft was rolled out in late 1998, the same year that the first F-15I entered service.

The exact changes made to the ''BazMash'' are still classified, though several are plainly clear from photographs of the aircraft: it has larger conformal fuel tanks allowing for greater range than the original F-15C/D, and its avionics and cockpit have been completely redone. The ''BazMash'' features all-new Multi-Function Displays, contains avionics borrowed from the F-16 ''Barak'' (including DASH helmet integration), and is now capable of using JDAM GPS-guided bombs. It is also capable of carrying Israel's own beyond-visual-range interceptor missiles, the Python 5 and Derby. A radar upgrade has also been mentioned by unofficial sources, but has never been confirmed. It is unclear whether McDonnell Douglas (later Boeing St. Louis) had a hand in making such an upgrade possible, but it seems that every single Israeli military electronics company contributed at least one component to the new plane. Given the number of ''BazMash'' planes that were in service when the ''Baz 2000'' program concluded, some sources have speculated that at least one of these aircraft is in fact an F-15A/B - first upgraded to the F-15C/D standard in the 1980s, and then to the new ''BazMash'' standard.

Despite all of these upgrades, the IAF stated in 2004 that it would still prefer replacing the ''BazMash'' with F-15Is - but additional F-15I purchases ceased around that same time, leaving the IAF with more ''BazMash'' planes than F-15Is to this day. In the mid-2010s, the IAF announced plans to upgrade the ''BazMash'' yet again, with the hope of keeping it in service until the year 2040 - for a total service period of 64 years. Even with the introduction of the F-35I ''Adir'' into IAF service in 2017, the ''BazMash'' in its current form remains Israel's primary air superiority fighter.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer McDonnell}}
{{Israel jet aircraft}}

F-15C MSIP II

2024-07-27T05:48:54Z

U40820515: /* Engine performance */

{{About
| about = American jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-15 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f_15c_msip2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Seek & Destroy"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2542 || 2506 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.1 || 23.7 || 235.7 || 222 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
|X
|✓
|✓
|✓
|✓
|X
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220 || 2
| colspan="2" | 13,590 kg || colspan="3" | 349 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel
|-
| 1,470 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 15,421 kg || 16,583 kg || 18,080 kg || 19,693 kg || 31,486 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (110%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,070 kgf || 8,410 kgf
| 1.10 || 1.02 || 0.93 || 0.86 || 0.54
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 6,500 kgf (1,250 km/h) || 14,250 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.85 || 1.72 || 1.58 || 1.45 || 0.91
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, wing root-mounted (940 rpg)
* 240 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 750 gal drop tanks + 3 x 610 gal drop tanks
* 2 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
* 4 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles + 2 x 750 gal drop tanks
* 4 x AIM-120A missiles
* 8 x AIM-120A missiles + 2 x 750 gal drop tanks
* 12 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 12 x 250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x 750 gal drop tanks + 12 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x 750 gal drop tanks + 12 x 250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 18 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 18 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb GBU-8 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 9 x BLU-27/B incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Good payload options
* Fast at its prime altitude
* Good amount of countermeasures
* Adequate turn time for a jet
* Overall good flight performance

*

'''Cons:'''

*

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer McDonnell}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

J-11A

2024-07-22T23:40:51Z

U40820515: /* Engine performance */

{{About
| about = Chinese jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Su-27 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=j_11a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (歼-11A型歼击机) with identical NATO codename of '''Flanker-B''', represents the Sino-Belarusian upgrade for the SKD series J-11, a licensed built of the infamous Su-27SK. By 1996, SAC has negotiated for the domestic assemble and later production of Su-27SK at Shenyang, Liaoning, where the experiences gained during the construction would further be refined by engineers as the basis of future heavy interceptors; after the blueprints and required machineries have been delivered to Shenyang, SAC constructed the first batch by September 1998 and further 4 batches were constructed until the later J-11B (Flanker-L) replaced the production line, now with mostly domestic alternatives to the decade-old Flankers and fully translated cockpit. Originally, Russia has planned for a Su-27SMK variant for PLAAF with upgraded avionics and weaponry; however the completion of reverse-engineer and introduction of domestic interceptors with vastly improved avionics put an end to this program. Meanwhile, after the introduction of PLANAF's Su-30MKK (Flanker-G) and their R-77 missiles, PLAAF seek for solutions to upgrade the J-11A fleet with capabilities to launch ARH AAMs; this in turn led to the cooperation between SAC and Belarusian's '''558th Aircraft Repair Plant''' where the latter introduced a very interesting mean to bypass the obsolete FCS on J-11A, by programming and rewiring the systems to trick it that it was an earlier R-27 series instead of a R-77 was installed, Belarusian engineers upgraded the aircraft at minimal costs and modifications to J-11A. By 2010s, the need for intensive CAP missions over South China Sea also brought in a new upgrade for certain J-11As operated by divisions in Guangdong by installing domestic UV MAWS systems for maximum situational awareness; these aircrafts are still in service with PLAAF by some units as part of the ever-growing PLAAF interceptor fleet.

Introduced in [[Update "Seek & Destroy"]] as one of the new Flankers arrived in game for this patch, J-11A introduced the capabilities to launch ARH AAM while having slight upgrade on situational awareness; while the aircraft itself is still haunts by the vastly inferior Russian avionics, the overall combat capability and handling is mostly identical, if not better than previous J-11 (Su-27SK).

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Like its brother J-11, the performance of J-11A can be said as identical to its predecessor. Although it would still take 8 more years for SAC to refine the somewhat overweight airframe, the original design of Flanker has exceptional maneuverability for such a huge jet; like mentioned in previous jet, J-11, it has very similar length to a J-8II while having much wider airframe, making it one of the largest jet fighter in game in terms of surface area. With the help of the SDU-10 FBW system and almost 1.0 T/W ratio, even jets at lighter weight will have problem dogfighting a Flanker in dire situation; while it still retains very similar, if not the same stall speed of other Flankers in-game, remember the most iconic maneuver, "Pugachev's Cobra" is more of an aerobatics instead of conventional maneuvers for dogfight and its 21x14 m size also means enemy shots will have easy time landing shots onto the airframe, so unless in a solo dogfight, take Flanker as a missile truck, then "hit-and-run" for maximum efficiency while evading any missile that has locked onto the player.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 12,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2394 ||2349
| rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.5 || 26.0 || 172.1 || 160.1 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Saturn AL-31F || 2
| colspan="2" | 16,870 kg || colspan="3" | 428 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 13m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 44m fuel
|-
| 1520 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 19,966 kg || 21,340 kg || 23,437 kg || 26,546 kg || 34,586 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 13m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 44m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 7,220 kgf || 11,660 kgf
| 1.17 || 1.09 || 1.00 || 0.88 || 0.67
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 7,220 kgf (0 km/h) || 15,640 kgf (1,540 km/h)
| 1.56 || 1.47 || 1.33 || 1.18 || 0.90
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

By 1980s, to further reduce the weight, most interceptors were not equipped with extra armor plates for both the pilot and critical components; this is no exception for the Flanker series and also its Chinese domestic production variants, thus the pilot can face fatal hits from both autocannons or missile shrapnel.

Meanwhile, all the 5 fuel tanks onboard are self-sealed, meaning that with the help of researchable fire extinguishers, the J-11A can sometimes save itself from fatal structural failure in case of a fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|GSh-30-1 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 30 mm GSh-30-1 cannon, wing root-mounted (150 rpg)
* 96 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

The overall payload of J-11A is 94% identical to previous J-11 with only R-77 missiles as the exception. The principle of the design of Flanker is an interceptor, not multirole fighter; thus it still lacks more advanced precision ground attack munition like AGMs or LGBs for much safer approach on enemy vehicles, this also hinders the overall research efficiency when players have to ditch AAMs for unguided munitions in case players need the XP from AI ground targets. While using them at ground RB is still possible, this requires the elite among elites to achieve maximum efficiency without being blasted out of the skies at the first minute.

For AAM loadouts, R-73E, R-27(E)T/R1 and R-77 are now your best friends when facing enemy aircrafts; the loadout options can leave up to 10 AAMs at once with different loadout options depending on player's desire. The R-73E and its Russian cousin are well known for their excellent maneuverability at close range while having some extend of ECCM capabilities; while they are still susceptible to flares or sometimes the sun itself, a shot on careless players can certainly earn a victory over them while sometimes seeing the missile flies like an UFO then hit the target. Before the R-77 was researched, the R-27T or R (IR; radar-homing) missiles can be said as better than none due to their already inferior performance at its tier since they don't have sufficient thrust for long-range engagements, this also worsen by the unreliable N001E radar in this case; the ET1/ER1 is completely another story, the former turned itself into a huge IR AAM seeking for the most careless player from afar while the latter can travels up to 20 km reliable and score a victory even from more advanced foes, but this require a radar lock so be very cautious for any oncoming threats before the target was erased from existence.

The R-77 finally turns J-11A into a competent rival at top tier, although the unique fence-wing drastically increase its drag for long-range engagements, a lock on enemy jets at much closer distances (i.e 10 km) turns R-77 into a somewhat dogfight missile; due to the datalink limits at only one missile at a time, be sure to keep the lock as long as possible before the tracker fires up and search for the enemy target.

The ground loadout on the other hand is still disappointing: all the loadouts under this category is totally identical to Su-27S/J-11 with wide range of unguided bombs or rockets at player's disposal. The rocket pods are more for light vehicle columns or SPAAs while the bombs at up to 500 kg is still more than enough to take down even the heaviest MBT at its tier; in case players do have the need to go for ground attacks in ground RB, make very good use of CCRP or top-down attacks given players evaded the blind spots of enemy threats.

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x R-73E missiles
* 6 x R-73E missiles
* 2 x R-27T1 missiles
* 6 x R-27R1 missiles
* 2 x R-27ET1 missiles
* 6 x R-27ER1 missiles
* 6 x R-77 missiles
* 80 x S-8KO rockets
* 20 x S-13OF rockets
* 4 x S-25O rockets
* 38 x 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs (3,800 kg total)
* 30 x 250 kg OFAB-250-270 bombs (7,500 kg total)
* 8 x 250 kg FAB-250M-62 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 8 x 250 kg OFAB-250Sh bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 8 x 500 kg FAB-500M-62 bombs (4,000 kg total)
* 8 x 500 kg FAB-500Sh bombs (4,000 kg total)
* 8 x ZB-500 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

The J-11A shares many identical features with its predecessor from Soviet Union/Russia, the Su-27SK/J-11 with only the addition of R-77 missiles being the exception; while the overall combat capability is vastly limited by inferior avionics even with upgrades, the modification with Belarusian and the domestic upgrades from PLAAF still make it competent in modern aerial battles.

==== Air - The Northeastern Chicken Rib Cages ====
For players who have some degree of knowledge on Chinese slangs, 鸡肋 (Chicken ribs) means something that isn't much useful but still wasteful to dispose with; this is somewhat true for the J-11A as some might refer it as a chicken rib cages which is a low-budget but tasty dish in Northeastern China. The background of this dish was due to the decline of state-owned enterprises by 1990 when workers still seek for ways to enjoy a good meal at low budget. For the PLAAF, although there were J-10(A) and J-11B in service by mid-2000s, the fleet of around 104 J-11A could use some upgrades for the future battlefield before more advanced jets can replace them; this is also the key of J-11A's in-game representation: a way to upgrade the fleet with slightly revised avionics and domestic UV MAWS. The overall flight performance of J-11A can be said as totally identical to previous J-11 with negligible weight differences, the only differences are only the addition of R-77 and a domestic MAWS; a major problem for the Flanker platform (aside from Su-27SM or post-2006 SAC Flankers) is the rather inferior radar system, while his cousin in Russia Su-27SM received upgrades on radar and RWR, J-11A only received a FCS upgrade for the guidance of R-77 and only at one missile at a time due to datalink limits (as discussed in history section). This also means players have to be familiar with the radar performance that has somewhat low reliability even to its lower-tier domestic jet, J-8F, this will be problem with any given radar-guided missiles as they will require a reliable lock on targets before they hit enemy targets, let alone the more advanced R-77 which still needs some guidance before it can turn on its seeker. Considering that players have to get through researches before having any different missiles, the two R-73E will be the best friend of J-11A and be sure to find the most careless target for maximum efficiency; while most jets at this tier has MAWS, players will need extreme situational awareness to evade every single missile - one unexpected missile is more than enough to disable the enemy target for good.

As for the R-77 in this case, due to its datalink limits and missile limits, the R-77 can leave as a supersize "dogfight" AAM in this case, while it might not travel as far as most of its competitors in different tech trees, with vertical scan mode or HMD mode, players can lock onto the closest target as soon as possible before they launch the R-77 onto enemy targets; it is more than enough to turn on the missile seeker and tracks the target.

==== Ground - A Tradition to Hold ====
''*Due to the identical ground payload of J-11A to the previous J-11, the only exception would be the UV MAWS installed on J-11A and R-77 missiles, thus tactics can be referenced to the J-11 in this case.''

Among the Chinese community, there is a saying that "Anything in PLAAF must come with ground-attack capabilities using unguided rockets". This is in fact true for the J-11A in this case as there are many images from PLAAF showing the Su-27SK, the J-11A or the future J-11B series carrying Russian/domestic rocket pods for ground attacks. The Flanker family is known for their interception capabilities but the rather abundant payload is also a good platform for ground-attack operations albeit lacking any precision munitions; pylons on the J-11A is mostly identical to the previous J-11 with multiple payload point, when players think a Flanker is nowhere an attacker, it does in fact have even more bombs in quantity than the Chinese domestic JH-7A (30 x 250 kg bombs vs. 22 x 250 kg bombs) in case players want to cause extensive damage to enemy armored column. Players can also go for even more bombs with 100 kg bombs or better kill radius with 500 kg bombs, depending on the playstyle and the composition of enemy vehicles. It is always a good idea to carry varieties of bombs for heavy targets while leaving the rocket pods (twin pods) to handle light vehicles; for example, the FAB-500 series is a good idea to take out heavy targets in stationary or armored columns, while leaving B-8 or B-13 rocket pods against light vehicles or SPAAs. But as a thumb of rule of Flanker family in-game: always plan for your assault when entering the battlefield as enemy SPAAs or fighters would want to hunt down enemy jets as well. Although lacking the ground-attack capabilities of the [[Su-27SM]], thanks to the CCIP and CCRP onboard, the J-11A can employ both high-altitude or low-altitude approach against enemy targets, either by bombing a certain area filled with enemy vehicles or evading SPAAs before unleashing hell against enemy players. If the skies are full of enemy jets which SPAA systems could not handle, it will also be a good time to utilize the great missiles on the J-11A ranging from the IR guided R-73E, the R-27 family and now the R-77 ARH AAMs. Employing tactics from air battles is still viable to keep the skies clear as it is always a good idea to pick careless players that are too concentrated on ground-attacks.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Excellent maneuverability for such a huge jet, identical to the J-11
* Upgraded domestic UV MAWS for higher situational awareness
* Vast arsenal of AAMs or A2G weapons at up to 10 payload points
* Huge internal fuel tank for sustained combat
* Access to R-77 ARH AAM for even longer engagement range
* Devastating 30 mm autocannon with sufficiently high rate of fire

'''Cons:'''

* Huge target
* Retains the same inferior Soviet-era electronics and RWR as the J-11
* Only guides a single R-77 at once due to datalink limits
* Low ammo count for last-ditch gunfights
* Lacks precision A2G ammunition for CAS operations

== History ==

For PLAAF, the deal of Su-27SK was certainly an excellent (and the most viable) decision to enhance the already obsolete PLAAF interceptor fleet which was still yet to deploy any SARH AAM ''(the previous tests on J-8II and B wasted many imported Aspide-1A missiles; it was way until 2002 when PL-11 and J-8H were finalized)'' and seeking for a heavy interceptor platform for the more advanced domestic avionics. After the introduction of the 38th and 39th batch of Su-27SK from Soviet Union/Russia, PLAAF negotiated for almost 3 years since 1993 for the domestic production license of Su-27SK by SAC in Shenyang; with the threats for no further orders of Flankers to PLAAF service and the worsening economy after the shock therapy, the deal was set for 200 jets to be assembled on CKD/SKD kits at Shenyang since 1998 while the engineers have to prepare beforehand for the translations of documents two years earlier since 1996. This set for the foundation of later J-11A and (mostly) domestic J-11B; but by the end of 20th century, the tactics of aerial combat have shifted vastly - after the introduction of more advanced ARH AAM such as AIM-120 series, the absence of continuous guidance on target from the launcher aircraft enabled "hit-and-run" tactics at a much farther radius. Although deemed as the state-of-the-art jet for PLAAF of its era, J-11A which was produced since 1998 now lagged behind the era and would soon be threaten by another Sukhoi jet for PLANAF: '''Su-30MKK Flanker-G''' delivered in 2000.

Earlier by 1995, Sukhoi introduced the very unique Su-27SMK* ''(block no. 40-01, 305; also the prototype of Su-27SKM for Indonesia)'' in attempt to further secure the orders from PLAAF with retractable refuel probe, ground attack capabilities and upgraded avionics; but the eventual first flight of J-10 and advancement in radar technology broke any hopes to sell this variant to PLAAF. This also led to the eventual cancellation of any further production of Su-27SK in Shenyang with only 105 jets delivered to PLAAF ''(the remaining 95 airframes were reused for Su-27SM series by KnAAPO)''; with the commence of J-11B program and Project No. 12 ([[PL-12]]) by 1998, attempts to enhance the combat capabilities of J-11A also rose up as PLAAF now has R-77 (RVV-AE; AA-12 Adder) introduced thanks to the PLANAF deal on Su-30MKK; this missiles delivered since 2000 brought in a major problem for engineers: How to guide an ARH AAM with the N001E radar?

''*Note: The name SMK would be more grammatically correct in Russian nomenclature; renamed to SKM but still means '''S'''erial '''M'''odernization '''C'''ommercial''

Due to the design of N001E radar, its guidance method and unable to reverse-engineer the FCS, it was impossible for J-11A to even consider R-77 at the first place ''(NIIP revised the radar systems as the '''N001VEP''' for Su-27SM; while Su-30MKK installed '''N001VE''' for additional air-to-surface combat capabilities)''; which also means F-16C or F-15C/E series can engage the Flanker way before it reaches the calculated maximum firing range. Due to the lack of concrete information, aside from PLAAF images showing J-11A with two R-77s on the centerline, there is a missing link between those images and the modification; the most well-known rumor suggested that SAC seek for the assistance of Belarusian's '''558th Aircraft Repair Plant''' and led to an interesting solution to the problem: since PLAAF never imported the first series R-27 which still exists in the coding of FCS, Belarusian engineers decided to rework on the programming and some hardware of the radar systems to trick the SUV-27 FCS that '''it was R-27 instead of R-77 that was in the payload.''' This crude yet effective modification quickly became the upgrade for J-11A; although the modification requires the pilot to countdown with clock before launch, it gave the chance to return-fire upon foes, not being a sitting duck during aerial combat. Around 2010s, thanks to the advancement of avionics at CETC and their introduction of UV MAWS for PLAAF interceptors, some J-11A operated by the 2nd Division, PLAAF received experimental MAWS installed on four corners of the aircraft as an solution to enhance situational awareness during their CAP missions over the South China Sea; although not becoming the standard issue for the remaining J-11A fleet in PLAAF service, this ultimate upgrade done by both Chinese and Belarusian can at least keep J-11A up to the pace of modern aerial combats - it might be obsolete since it's a two-decade-old aircraft, but with the help of the extensive datalink complex of PLA, J-11A could still support its more advanced "brothers in arms" to defend the skies.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

'''Su-27 "Flanker" series'''

Soviet Union/Russia

* [[Su-27]] - Su-27S to be precise; the second serial production variant for VVS
* [[Su-27SM]] - Modernization of Su-27S with upgraded avionics and capabilities to use precision munitions

Mainland China

* [[J-11|Su-27SK/J-11]] - PLAAF purchase of block 38 and 39 Su-27S in 1990 and 1993 respectively

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Shenyang}}
{{China jet aircraft}}

F-15A

2024-07-22T20:56:14Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{About
| about = American jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-15 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f_15a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Towards the end of the Vietnam War, the United States saw their major shortcoming in dogfighting performance, as the heavy [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4 Phantom]] operated by most branches at the time was garnering an unsatisfactory kill-death ratio. Meanwhile, the far more manoeuvrable "gunfighter" [[F-8E|F-8 Crusader II]] was achieving a far better track record. As a result, not long after the end of the conflict, two new development projects were started by the USAF, one of which was the F-X program to develop a "next generation" fighter that favoured manoeuvrability over top speed. However, the F-X program would take a sharp turn not long after, as multiple radar reports from Turkey and Israel observed an unknown Soviet aircraft flying overhead at speeds above Mach 3. Quick investigation through spy satellites and high altitude reconnaissance aircraft brought the discovery of the Soviet's latest MiG-25 aircraft, which at the time was assumed by the West as a high tech, next generation fighter made of the latest composite materials. What scared the United States the most, was that the design of this MiG-25 was dangerously similar to the initial prototypes of the F-X program, which had not even flown yet. Eventually, development of the F-X program was accelerated into its latter phases, resulting in the venerable F-15 Eagle, an absolute best of all worlds, no compromises held, air superiority fighter to combat this new Soviet threat. However, the defection of Viktor Belenko to Japan with his MiG-25 shortly after showed the world that the MiG-25 was overestimated, being in reality constructed out of heavy metals and armed with weaker avionics suited for long range combat, making the MiG-25 merely a heavy interceptor, and not the "next generation super-fighter" that was feared before. The same cannot be said about the indomitable Eagle however, as the F-15 and its later variants would go on to establish the most widely regarded air-to-air combat kill-death ratio of any modern jet fighter: '''at least 104 aircraft kills without a single confirmed loss.'''

Introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]], the '''{{Specs|name}}''' succeeds the equally famous [[F-4E Phantom II]] in the tech tree. The F-15A is represented as the 1994 USANG version, being outfitted with 240 countermeasures and the upgraded AN/APG-63 PSP, but lacking the [[AIM-120A]] and BOL rails it could use. Even without such upgrades, the Eagle is still a very fearsome monster in top tier jet battles, utilizing its great avionics and incredible missile selection, including the lethal [[AIM-9M Sidewinder|AIM-9M]] with IRCCM flare-rejection, to prey on enemy aircraft at a safe distance. More importantly, unlike the earlier Phantoms, when push comes to shove, the Eagle can reliably dogfight most enemies it may face thanks to its stable airframe design and absurd engine power giving it incredible acceleration and TWR. One must still be wary however that the Eagle is not completely undefeatable, and proper usage of this aircraft requires training and discipline just like its real life counterpart. Some enemies to be aware of are the [[Mirage 4000]] and early [[F-16A]]s for their ability to win an extended dogfight over the Eagle, but moreso cautious when engaging players flying the [[JAS39A|JAS 39]], [[J-11]], and [[Su-27]], as these aircraft not only possess an unstable airframe allowing them to perform impressive manoeuvres (and defeat the Eagle) at low speeds, but they also carry lethal close range missiles with IRCCM, which when coupled with their helmet-mounted targeting systems, can prove to be very dangerous for any enemy, Eagle or not, which gets close and slow in a dogfight.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Eagle on full fuel can be a very sluggish fighter, and this is especially noticeable with a full weapons load. On low fuel however, the F-15A is no slouch and can easily contend with anything in its BR range. The high speed pull is quite good for a jet of its size, and it can sustain up to 20 degrees per second at lower speeds (450 km/h). At speeds above Mach 1, the jet can sustain up to 13G, and won't experience wing overload until 15-16G. The Eagle is best described as rocket-like, as its high thrust-to-weight ratio give it an excellent climb rate, and allows it to stay in prolonged dogfights. In terms of speed, the aircraft reaches its top speed fairly quickly, but is slower than contemporaries like the F-16C or Mirage 2000 at lower altitudes.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,563 || 2,531 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.9 || 20.9 || 288.1 || 273.6 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,657 || 2,592 || 19.9 || 20.5 || 383.4 || 330.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,629  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || 548 || 481 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 680 || < 750 || < 700 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-100 || 2
| colspan="2" | 12,500 kg || colspan="3" | 314 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 1,470 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 14,065 kg || 15,528 kg || 17,042 kg || 17,715 kg || 27,571 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,140 kgf || 8,510 kgf
| 1.21 || 1.10 || 1.00 || 0.96 || 0.62
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 7,061 kgf (1,629 km/h) || 13,939 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.98 || 1.80 || 1.64 || 1.57 || 1.01
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

Even though the aircraft possesses no armour, the Eagle is very durable, even tanking missiles at times, and can continue to fly in a severely crippled state. Minor structural damage is in some cases negligible to stability or performance. This doesn't mean you should brush off damage however, and like several other jets in this BR range, the F-15A can easily destabilize if missing even a wing tip. If badly hurt, you should almost never stay aggressive and attempt to repair at your nearby airfield.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, wing root-mounted (940 rpg)
* 240 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="4%" | 1 !! width="4%" | 2 !! width="4%" | 3 !! width="4%" | 4 !! width="4%" | 5 !! width="4%" | 6 !! width="4%" | 7 !! width="4%" | 8 !! width="4%" | 9 !! width="4%" | 10 !! width="4%" | 11
| rowspan="11" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1, 6 || || || || 1, 6 || || || || 1, 6 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1, 6 || || || || 1, 6 || || || || 1, 6 ||
|-
! [[GBU-8 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb GBU-8]] bombs
| || 1 || || || || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || 1 || || || || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[BLU-27/B incendiary]] bombs
| || 3 || || || || 3 || || || || 3 ||
|-
! [[AIM-7M Sparrow]] missiles
| || || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || 1 || || || || || || 1 || || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9M Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || 1 || || || || || || 1 || || 1
|-
! 610 gal drop tanks
| || 1* || || || || 1 || || || || 1* ||
|-
| colspan="12" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 5,448 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,000 kg
|-
| colspan="13" | * Wing-mounted drop tanks must be equipped together
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 3 x 610 gal drop tanks
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
* 18 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 18 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb GBU-8 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 9 x BLU-27/B incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

'''Air Realistic Battles'''

The F-15A is very capable as a frontline fighter, and has a large number of countermeasures at its disposal in case of any threats. The AIM-9M is likely going to be your primary armament, as the AIM-7M is limited in use. The combination of a very capable platform and IRCCM make the Eagle a deadly fighter. However, you should avoid engaging a group of enemies, as this is where the jet struggles. Even though it retains speed very well, it can easily slow down when backed into a corner. As always, stay with your team and don't head into furballs blindly. Avoid drawn-out dogfights as this can easily lead to a third-party situation, and the off-boresight capability of enemies like the Su-27, JAS-39, J-11, and later MiG-29 variants can best the Eagle even if in the disadvantageous position. The F-14 Tomcat can also be a formidable opponent in BVR combat due to its long-range Phoenix air-to-air missiles that utilizes active-radar homing. The F-15A is no slouch, however, as it can hold its own in a BVR fight. Be sure to pay attention to your RWR and defend accordingly.

'''Air Simulator Battles'''

In simulator battles, the F-15 is very formidable due to its smokeless AIM-9M air-to-air missiles, but is limited by the seeker range and speed of the AIM-7M. The cockpit allows for excellent visibility and provides great situational awareness to the pilot, but the jet does lack HMD, so you must point your nose at targets. The biggest advantage the F-15A has in a simulator battle is its high speed manoeuvrability and smokeless missiles, allowing for stealthy kills.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Quite manoeuvrable at all speeds
* Incredible engine output at all altitudes
* High TWR and amazing acceleration
* Lethal AIM-9M missiles with IRCCM capabilities

'''Cons:'''

* Large and easy-to-hit target
* Prone to wing overload until "Airframe" modification
* No TWS mode hinders BVR capabilities
* Sparrows are inconsistent and unreliable

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f_15a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[F-15 (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer McDonnell}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

F-20A

2024-07-22T02:14:59Z

U40820515: /* Engine performance */

{{Specs-Card
|code=f_20a
|store=13237
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Due to export restrictions by the Department of Defence preventing sales of advanced avionics and aircraft to export customers, many allies who were flying the now out-dated F-5 could not purchase the latest F-16 aircraft to meet the threat of the latest MiG-29s and Su-27s that Soviet allies were receiving. As a result, Northrop Grumman initiated the FX program, to design and build a new 4th light export generation fighter on the basis of the cancelled F-5F Super Tiger. The primary requirements for this new fighter were cheap interoperability with existing F-5 fleets, BVR capability, and modular compatibility with almost every kind of ordnance the US offered for export at the time. The resulting aircraft, the '''F-20 Tigershark''', was essentially an F-5E with a special radar capable of firing the AIM-7 Sparrow missile, and the two small engines of the F-5 family being replaced with a single F-404 engine similar to that of the F/A-18 Hornet. The resulting aircraft was slated to become the export standard for most NATO allies of the time, with Japan, West Germany, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, and various other close allies eyeing the Tigershark for potential purchase. However, under the Reagan Administration, new export laws were passed which lifted most of the technology export bans, and as a result of further political meddling from the US and General Dynamics, the F-20 saw all its sale chances falter and fall through, with almost every country instead buying F-16s or F-15s (or in the case of Germany, simply upgrading their existing F-4F fleet to carry the new AIM-120 AMRAAM).

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was introduced in [[Update "Alpha Strike"]]. Being essentially an up-engined F-5E with better avionics, it plays exactly as one would expect it. It is one of the best dogfighters of its battle rating, and is only beaten by the F-16s and in some flight regimes the Mirage 2000. As a result, players looking for buying this aircraft should be expected to know how to properly dogfight, manage their energy, and employ their radar correctly to best the enemy aircraft. The incredible choice of ground ordnance also provides a nice alternative to the [[F-16A|F-16A Block 10]] in mixed battles. All in all, the F-20 is a great premium for researching the ranks of the US tree, and in terms of gameplay acts as a nice in-between for the two F-16s at the same BR in the American tree, having the AIM-7s and BVR capability of the F-16A ADF, while also having the guided ground ordnance of the F-16A Block 10.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The F-20 is a similar experience in terms of flight performance compared to the F-5C, with great energy retention and turn rate above Mach 0.85. However, due to the F404-100, it has plenty of thrust compared to the lacklustre thrust of the F5C.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 11,582 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,149 || 2,121 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.5 || 22.7 || 221 || 210 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,254 || 2,200 || 21.5 || 22.0 || 291 || 255
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,458  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,296 || 473 || 463 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric F404-GE-100 || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,965 kg || colspan="2" | 476 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel
|-
| 1,015 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 6,755 kg || 7,600 kg || 8,188 kg || 11,788 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (110%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || 110%/WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 5,050 kgf || 7,630 kgf
| 1.12 || 1.00 || 0.93 || 0.65
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,050 kgf (0 km/h) || 8,825 kgf (1,050 km/h)
| 1.31 || 1.16 || 1.08 || 0.79
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armor ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The F-20 is a light fighter. As such it has no armour. If it loses its wing or tail, it becomes incredibly difficult to fly. It isn't that durable against common cannons for its BR, however it's possible to survive smaller IR missiles but the plane would no longer be combat capable and should immediately return to the base.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M39A3 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm M39A3 cannons, nose-mounted (280 rpg = 560 total)
* 15 x large calibre countermeasures
* 30 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6 !! width="6%" | 7
| rowspan="14" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_F-5E_(China).png]]</div>
|-
! [[GAU-13/A (30 mm)|30 mm GAU-13/A]] cannons (353 rpg)
| || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 5 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 5 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|750 lb M117 cone 45]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 Air (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 Air]] bombs
| || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[BLU-1 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| || 19 || 19 || || 19 || 19 ||
|-
! [[AGM-65B]] missiles
| || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[AIM-7F Sparrow]] missiles
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 2* || || || || 2* || 1
|-
! 150 gal drop tanks
| || || 1* || 1 || 1* || ||
|-
| colspan="9" | * Wing-mounted drop tanks cannot be equipped with Sidewinder missiles in the adjacent hardpoint
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 3 x 150 gal drop tanks
* 6 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-7F Sparrow missiles
* 5 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 9 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 9 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 3 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 1 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bomb (2,000 lb total)
* 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AGM-65B missiles
* 1 x 30 mm GAU-13/A cannon (353 rpg)
* 5 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs
* 1 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 Air bomb (2,000 lb total)
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==


The F-20A can be viewed as both a sidegrade between F-16A and F-16A ADF and a downgrade in US tech tree as it can carry similar armaments to both of them but not to same capacity as either of them. While it can carry almost same payload type as F-16A (excluding GBU-8) it can only carry it in lower numbers which severely limits air-to-ground performance, but unlike F-16A or F-16A ADF it can carry both radar guided missiles and TV-guided AGM to a certain extent.

Best way to take down other planes is to use speed and surprise occupied enemy planes with either the Sparrow (only at altitudes several hundred meters above ground) or Sidewinders but with IR missiles be careful that friendly plane in question isn't the F-14, Su-27 or MiG-29 which have fairly high engine temperature and could result in friendly fire instead.

'''Dogfighting'''

While F-20A has amazing flight performance and thrust-to-weight ratio that allows the plane to dogfight inexperienced F-16 and F-14 players, trying to fight more experienced players can end fairly badly for F-20A as the M39A3 is far weaker than 20 mm Vulcan or 30 mm GSh-30-1 cannon and not bleeding enough speed while turning can easily get you ahead of plane you are chasing (and in front of their far powerful guns).

Head-ons are not recommended as the M39A3 is one of the weaker gun in the BR bracket and mounting 30 mm GAU-13/A cannon would only greatly decrease F-20A flight performance to add only 353 30 mm shells.

'''Air-to-air missile gameplay'''

F-20A has very limited gameplay in that aspect as it can carry only 6 AIM-9L or exchange 2 Sidewinders for 1 AIM-7F up to combination of 2 Sidewinders and 2 Sparrows. Sadly the F-20A does not have access to AIM-7M unlike F-16A ADF or F-14B which have far lower reaction time after being detached from the plane.

As the plane can gain energy faster than any plane on same BR, it's advised to surprise enemy with AIM-9L or target higher altitude targets with AIM-7F, while keeping safe distance from possible IR threats and staying at low altitude as the enemy planes usually have stronger radar guided missiles.

As the plane has access only to 45 countermeasures, it may not be preferential to split the amount between flares and chaffs as the radars encountered at this BR are usually pulse-doppler, where chaffs have minimal effect and low-alt flights and notching can work instead. Instead, bring flares as the number of tough IR missiles like R-73, AIM-9M, and similar missiles mean the F-20A need all it can bring to ward off these smart IR missiles.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Incredible overall flight performance with very good thrust-to-weight ratio with great energy retention
* Can stay at supersonic speed without using afterburner
* Combat flaps are capable of withstanding plane top speed
* Very small target compared to all planes it the BR bracket
* Combination of high manoeuvrability and even mediocre missile payload can surprise most enemies resulting in fairly easy shoot-downs.

'''Cons:'''

* Loses 2 hardpoints for AIM-9L for every AIM-7F
* M39A3 cannons deal very low damage
* Overall one of the worst air-to-air armaments when compared to planes on same BR
* Can carry only 45 countermeasures
* While it can maintain very low speed and not stalling, it does not have as good low-speed manoeuvrability as other planes

== History ==

In the 1980s, the U.S. State Department sent out a request for an export fighter. In response, Northrop came up with the F-5G, which would be a vastly improved version of the F-5E. After receiving approval from the State Department, Northrop, without financial help from the government, began work on the F-5G. Up to this point, F-5s had twin J85 engines that produced around 3,000 kilograms of force per engine. These engines would end up being replaced by a single F404 engine that produced far more power at the expense of weighing more. Northrop also heavily modified the wings to increase performance and handling. In addition, the avionics were upgraded, and soon the Air Force ordered a few examples of the F-5G. The F-5G would also receive a new designation to separate it from the F-5 series, the F-20.

Although the F-20 had favorable characteristics, it was overshadowed by the F-16. The Fighting Falcon was simply far superior to the F-20, and the Air Force chose the F-16. This essentially killed the F-20, as there wouldn't be enough demand for it to commence production. Northrop also tried selling the entire F-20 program, but that also failed. Only one surviving F-20 exists and is on display in the California Science Center.

=== [[wt:en/news/8770-shop-development-pre-order-f-20a-tigershark-en|Devblog]] ===
Engineers from Northrop Corporation developed the F-20A Tigershark as a deep modernization of the F-5G fighter with improved flight and characteristics at a low cost. This new aircraft received a new power plant consisting of a single General Electric F404-100 engine, advanced avionics and radar, plus an expanded range of weapons. It made its first flight in 1982, where a total of 3 were built for testing. At the time of its creation, the F-20A was a direct competitor to the F-16 fighter jet, but was inferior to it and did not go into mass production. The only surviving F-20A was transferred to the California Science Center and is currently on display as an exhibit.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f_20a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[F-5 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8770-shop-development-pre-order-f-20a-tigershark-en|[Devblog] Pre-order: F-20A Tigershark]]

{{AirManufacturer Northrop}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

J-11

2024-07-22T01:52:46Z

U40820515: /* Engine performance */

{{Specs-Card
|code=j_11
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (歼-11型歼击机; NATO Codename: Flanker-B), aka '''Su-27SK''' by Sukhoi or '''苏-27''' in PLAAF manuals, is one of the main composition of the PLAAF's modern interceptor fleet since the early 1990s as the overseas solution to upgrade the outdated PLAAF. By 1989, soon after the improving of Sino-Soviet relationships and the nationwide riots during the economic reform, the only viable solution to upgrade PLAAF was from USSR due to the subsequent embargo imposed by NATO countries; a group of military staffs of PLAAF soon departed for the USSR to import the latest Soviet interceptors on May 1990. Initially, the VVS promoted the [[MiG-29]] to Chinese generals during their visit to Kubinka Airbase, but the generals soon spotted the state-of-the-art interceptor [[Su-27|Su-27S]] at the airbase made the PLAAF go for the Flanker. After a series of meetings since during June to September of 1990, the deal was set to purchase the 38th batches at around USD $1 Billion for 24 jets (18 Su-27SK and 6 UBK twin-seater) by March 1991 and 39th batches of 22 Su-27S respectively. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the PLAAF saw the possibility to purchase the production license of the Su-27SK in 1993. After threats that no further jets would be ordered from KnAAPO and a long negotiation with the now-Russian Federation, the new deal was set for 200 Su-27SK assembled by SAC within 15 years since 1996. The licensed Su-27SK, now called J-11A would increase domestic production rate through the 5 batches. The design of Flanker alongside with its blueprints and punched tapes were further refined by Chinese engineers with the help of CAD that was first used on J-10 and later JH-7A, revising the redundancies of the original design and eventually set the foundation for the J-11B (Flanker-L) and future Flanker derivatives.

Introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]] as part of the upgrade, the J-11 shares a close to identical performance to its Soviet counterpart (while 570 kg heavier). Thanks to its well refined aerodynamic design, power engines, loads of A-A weaponries and sufficiently powerful radar/IRST, the J-11 leads the PLAAF into the current apex of air battles. While its sheer size and inferior electronics can be a problem in different occasions, the J-11 will not disappoint players with Flanker's iconic features.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

In short words: the overall flight performance is close to identical to Soviet's Su-27. Thanks to the well-refined airframe which took almost a decade to design, the Su-27 series is famous for its great manoeuvrability even at its huge size. To put it in perspective: the Su-27/J-11 is almost 4 m longer than MiG-29 series at 21 m, while it is at very similar length to PLAAF's own J-8II series, the large, trapezium wing still makes it the overall largest PLAAF interceptor up to present day (including the domestic refined J-11B and later variants). In first glance, players might consider such a huge jet doesn't have as much manoeuvrability as MiG-29 series; when they eventually have the chance to fight the J-11, they will soon know that it will be a hassle to handle, thanks to the FBW systems, airframe designs and two powerful AL-31F engine that gives almost average T/W ratio at 1.0, most earlier jets from lower BR will have major problem handling the J-11. When players expect to see an stall-out Flanker, what they might see is that: their own jet will be the first one to stall out before the Flanker eventually stalls out, sometimes even performing the iconic Pugachev's Cobra - where the jet can achieve up to 110° AoA at such speed while pulling the control stick and level out at the same altitude, therefore players might want to think twice before engaging the J-11.

But just like what the introduction mentioned, the problem is also its sheer size. Considering for its 21x14 m size, it is also easy to land shots or missiles upon the J-11 if players make an error during aerial dogfights; any damaged part of the airframe will significantly increase drag of Flanker and thus higher risk of being shot down. Be sure to utilize its manoeuvrability in solo fights, not gang fights with very little reaction time and room for errors - one wrong move can be its demise. As for the Pugachev's Cobra, it is more of aerobatics than a tactic to reverse the battle, it is never a good idea to show the largest possible surface area to enemy guns.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,540  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || 652 || 600 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 680 || < 750 || < 700 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Saturn AL-31F || 2
| colspan="2" | 16,990 kg || colspan="3" | 426 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 13m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 44m fuel
|-
| 1,520 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 19,810 kg || 21,184 kg || 23,281 kg || 26,390 kg || 34,489 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 13m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 44m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 7,220 kgf || 11,660 kgf
| 1.21 || 1.10 || 1.00 || 0.88 || 0.68
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 7,220 kgf (0 km/h) || 15,640 kgf (1,540 km/h)
| 1.58 || 1.48 || 1.34 || 1.19 || 0.91
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

By 1980s, to further reduce the weight, most interceptors were not equipped with extra armor plates for both the pilot and critical components; this is no exception for the Flanker series, thus the pilot can face fatal hits from both autocannons or missile shrapnel.

Meanwhile, all the 5 fuel tanks onboard are self-sealed, meaning that with the help of researchable fire extinguishers, the J-11 can save itself from fatal structural failure in case of a fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|GSh-30-1 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 30 mm GSh-30-1 cannon, wing root-mounted (150 rpg)
* 96 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="5%" | 1 !! width="5%" | 2 !! width="5%" | 3 !! width="5%" | 4 !! width="5%" | 5 !! width="5%" | 6 !! width="5%" | 7 !! width="5%" | 8 !! width="5%" | 9 !! width="5%" | 10
| rowspan="19" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_Su-27.png]]</div>
|-
! [[OFAB-100 (100 kg)|100 kg OFAB-100]] bombs
| || 1 || 6 || 6 || 6 || 6 || 6 || 6 || 1 ||
|-
! [[FAB-250M-62 (250 kg)|250 kg FAB-250M-62]] bombs
| || || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || ||
|-
! [[OFAB-250-270 (250 kg)|250 kg OFAB-250-270]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2, 6 || 1, 5 || 1, 4 || 1, 2 || 1, 5 || 1, 2, 6 || 1 ||
|-
! [[OFAB-250Sh (250 kg)|250 kg OFAB-250Sh]] bombs
| || || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || ||
|-
! [[FAB-500M-62 (500 kg)|500 kg FAB-500M-62]] bombs
| || || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || ||
|-
! [[FAB-500Sh (500 kg)|500 kg FAB-500Sh]] bombs
| || || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || ||
|-
! [[ZB-500 incendiary]] bombs
| || || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || ||
|-
! [[S-8KO]] rockets
| || || 20, 40 || || || || || 20, 40 || ||
|-
! [[S-13OF]] rockets
| || || 5, 10 || || || || || 5, 10 || ||
|-
! [[S-25O]] rockets
| || || 1, 2 || || || || || 1, 2 || ||
|-
! [[S-25OF]] rockets
| || || 1, 2 || || || || || 1, 2 || ||
|-
! [[S-25OFM]] rockets
| || || 1, 2 || || || || || 1, 2 || ||
|-
! [[R-27ER1]] missiles
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[R-27ET1]] missiles
| || || 1 || || || || || 1 || ||
|-
! [[R-27R1]] missiles
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[R-27T1]] missiles
| || || 1 || || || || || 1 || ||
|-
! [[R-73E]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
| colspan="11" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,500 kg
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x R-73E missiles
* 6 x R-73E missiles
* 2 x R-27T1 missiles
* 6 x R-27R1 missiles
* 2 x R-27ET1 missiles
* 6 x R-27ER1 missiles
* 80 x S-8KO rockets
* 20 x S-13OF rockets
* 4 x S-25O rockets
* 38 x 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs (3,800 kg total)
* 30 x 250 kg OFAB-250-270 bombs (7,500 kg total)
* 8 x 250 kg FAB-250M-62 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 8 x 250 kg OFAB-250Sh bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 8 x 500 kg FAB-500M-62 bombs (4,000 kg total)
* 8 x 500 kg FAB-500Sh bombs (4,000 kg total)
* 8 x ZB-500 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

The J-11's arsenal is entirely Soviet, which presents interesting new opportunities for pilots used to Chinese top-tier aircraft. It is oriented as an air superiority fighter, lacking any guided air-to-ground munitions, but it has some tricks up its sleeve when the airspace is more permissive to CAS.

Two families of air-to-air missiles are available, the R-73 and the R-27. The R-73E is a functionally identical export version of the R-73 short-range, IR-guided missile seen on later Soviet aircraft like the [[MiG-29SMT]] and the [[Su-25T]]. It has a great 40 G overload, a thrust vectoring system that helps it maintain sustained hard turns, and ECCM to help resist flares. Compared to the domestic [[PL-8]], it's generally an all-round improvement aside from the lower top speed. R-73s can be mounted on any of the six wing hardpoints.

The R-27 comes in radar-guided (R-27R1 standard, R-27ER1 extended-range) and IR-guided (R-27T1 standard, R-27ET1 extended-range) flavors and are the J-11's main armament for medium and long range combat. The "1" suffix denotes export variants, but again they happen to perform identically. The R-27ER1 is the J-11's best weapon for BVR combat, as its extreme speed and long range allow it to win jousts against targets with slower missiles. The R-27ET1 is a great option for distant sneak attacks as it does not give any RWR warning to its target. R-27s can be mounted on any of the four fuselage pylons and also the inboard wing pylons, but the catch is that the IR-guided -T1 and -ET1 can only be mounted on the inboard wing pylons, and are thus limited to at most 2.

Three types of unguided rockets are available, all carried as double racks on the inboard wing pylons. The S-8KO HEAT rocket comes in large pods and is significantly better than its domestic Chinese equivalent (Type 90-1) with greater penetration, flight speed, and capacity. However at the J-11's battle rating, such weapons are rather questionable for jet fighters as they have issues harming MBTs from the front and have a limited effective range. The S-13OF can be considered a heavier and more powerful cousin to the Type 130-2 HE rocket with a bonus of one extra rocket per pod; it can destroy light targets through splash damage at fair distances and direct hits can still crack open MBTs with some luck. The S-25O heavy bunker-buster previously featured on the [[Su-25]] is a unique tool lacking any equivalent in the domestic Chinese arsenal; it carries only one shot per pod and packs more explosive content than a 100 kg bomb. It may seem like a crude weapon for an elegant air-superiority fighter, but in typical Soviet ground attack fashion the S-25O can blow anything on the ground to smithereens through brute force.

The J-11 is also an impressive bomb truck, ironically outclassing or matching the [[JH-7A]] fighter-bomber. Iron bombs are available in sizes of 100, 250, and 500 kg. Incendiary and high-drag bombs are available in the 500 kg size.

== Usage in battles ==

Although PLAAF deemed Su-27SK, aka J-11 as the main composition of PLAAF in 1990s and early 2000s, they did have plans to introduce the more advanced domestic avionics to replace the OEM equipment. As for J-11, although it has flawed avionics with inferior RWR and unreliable radar, the sheer payload and maneuverability can make it a great alternative to [[F-16A MLU (China)|ROCAF's F-16A]] in air battles while retaining sufficient but less advanced means for ground attack operations.

; Air Battle - The Far East Flanker

The concept of Flanker series are solely for air-interception missions; just looking to the overall payload of J-11, it still leave the trace of Soviet air-defense doctrine of intercepting enemy bombers with SARH missiles. But before players can unleash missile hell against enemy jets, R-27T1 and R-73E will be the only options for the J-11 at early stages; while R-73E is known for their maneuverability even at close distance and sufficient tracking radius against enemy targets, players will need to get used to a major rule of top-tier battles: always aim for those who didn't launch flares to interfere with the missile seeker. In most cases, jets within the 4 km radius of J-11 can be potential prey of R-73E as they are likely be concentrated on taking out friendly jets; thanks to the HMD on J-11 and great overload of R-73E, players can employ some of the most impressive maneuvers to make sure the missile is within the firing range. In most cases, unless enemy jets launched flares in very short interval, they will become easy prey for the missile. As for the R-27 series, both the E and R series with IR/radar seeker are the the best friends of J-11 thanks to their impressive thrust and overload at long distance; as long as the missile can keep on the track with enemy targets, both high and low-altitude targets will become an easy prey for players while earning more experiences for other usages.

But when players have the need to gun down enemy jets in dogfights, while the powerplants and design of J-11 can make sure it can sustain long enough dogfight before it took out enemies or the arrival of friendly jets, as mentioned in previous paragraph, it is better leave the J-11 as an interceptor to take out any high-altitude targets who also planned to take out the friendly targets with SARH or ARH missiles (i.e. F-14B), thus players have to keep a keen eye on any radar signals on the SPO-15LM RWR or from its N001E radar. Make sure to pick the best possible target to dealt with as this can also help friendlies to secure the victory of battle, as well as evading enemy tracking radar as much as possible which gives them as little reaction time as possible - it is always better to take out enemy targets before they even have the chance to fire upon friendly targets, which can in turn affect the morality of enemy team as well.

; Ground Battle - The Long-time Tradition

Among the Chinese community, there were a saying that ''"Anything in PLAAF must come with ground-attack capabilities using unguided rockets"''. This is in fact true for J-11 in this case as there are many images from PLAAF showing Su-27SK or future J-11B series carrying Russian/domestic rocket pods for ground attacks. The Flanker family is known for their interception capabilities but the rather abundant payload is also a good platform for ground-attack operations albeit lacking any precision munitions; pylons on J-11 is totally identical to Su-27S with multiple payload point, when players think a Flanker is nowhere an attacker, it does in fact have even more bombs in quantity to Chinese domestic JH-7A (30 x 250 kg bombs vs. 22 x 250 kg bombs) in case players want to cause extensive damage to enemy armored column. Players can also go for even more bombs with 100 kg bombs or better kill radius with 500 kg bombs, depending on the playstyle and the composition of enemy vehicles, it is always a good idea to carry varieties of bombs for heavy targets while leaving the rocket pods (twin pods) to handle light vehicles; for example, the FAB-500 series is a good idea to take out heavy targets in stationary or armored columns, while leaving B-8 or B-13 rocket pods against light vehicles or SPAAs. But as a thumb of rule of Flanker family in-game: always plan for your assault when entering the battlefield as enemy SPAAs or fighters would want to hunt down enemy jets as well. Thanks to the CCIP and CCRP onboard, the J-11 can employ both high-altitude or low-altitude approach against enemy targets, either by bombing a certain area filled with enemy vehicles or evading SPAAs before unleashing hell against enemy players. If the skies are full of enemy jets which SPAA systems could not handle, it will also be a good time to utilize the great missiles on J-11 ranging from R-73E up to the devastating R-27ER1; it is always a good idea to pick careless players that are too concentrated on ground-attacks.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Impressive maneuverability
** Powerful AL-31F engine for maximum thrust and acceleration
** FBW control with great maneuverability even at low speeds
* Up to 10 missiles at once with flexibility for both long and short range combats
* IRST for concealed detection of enemies
* Large fuel tanks without the need for drop tanks
* Devastating 30 mm autocannon to tear down enemy targets
* Large pool of air-to-ground ordnance with up to bombs or rocket pods

'''Cons:'''

* Huge target
* Inferior electronics especially the RWR and radar
* Relative low ammo pool for the autocannon
* Lacks precision weapons for safer ground attacks appoaches

== History ==

==== The Dire Situation ====
By late 1980s, both the J-8II series has already finalize the design and JH-7 were in development process; it was still the time of Sino-Vietnamese War which can be said as a war without air forces, PLAAF concerned about the fleet of Su-22 of VPAF while the latter concerned for the extensive air defense network of PLAAF. Although the need for new interceptor can be fulfilled by future J-8II, the Johnson South Reef skirmish rose the question to Chinese military commands: the lack of advanced interceptors to intercept enemy jets with AShM ''(namely, Su-22UM3K/M4)''; although the skirmish saw the total victory of PLAN with only one soldier injured and four VPAN vessels sunk, AShM was still the major concern for the PLAN fleet. This eventually led to a debate for whether introducing the production line of foreign jet fighters were viable - for PLAAF general staffs, this can improve the air force rapidly; while this also meant death sentence for any further domestic designs by domestic aircraft designers. The PLAAF at the time were threaten by USAF and JASDF's [[F-15 (Family)|F-15]] series, the future ROCAF domestic F-CK-1 IDF, imported Mirage 2000-5Ei and [[F-16A MLU (China)|F-16A Blk. 20]], as well as [[MiG-29 (Family)|Fulcrum]] and namely, [[Su-27|Su-27 Flanker]] from Soviet Union.

==== The Komsomolets from Far East ====
The [[Su-27]] (NATO: Flanker) series were one of the top secrets of the Soviet Union since its introduction in 1985 with the PVO (Su-27P interceptor), although plans to export Su-27 has been in development since 1987, due to the dire need for funding to further develop the Flanker family, Soviet Government revoked the 1988 certification with downgraded electronics and ECM equipment after listening to the suggestions from Sukhoi engineers, instead, the new revision with only the removal of R-27E started on November 1989 and passed for export certifications on 12 February 1990. Just a few months earlier on May 1989, Mikhail Gobachev made his historical visit to Mainland China amid Chinese's nationwide protests for reform; however, the protests soon escalated to riots and resulted with the sanctions from NATO countries for any further military projects. After the halt of [[J-8B|J-8II]] Project 8-2 and the commence of Project 8-3, PLAAF has dire need for new interceptors to fill in the gap; a team of general staff led by Liu Huaqing (刘华清) went to USSR in May 1990 for the purchase of Soviet fighter jets, the two countries held a conference on 31 May where the general staffs eventually knew the existence of Su-27 from the mouth of Yevgeny Shaposhnikov, the last Minister of Defense in future, the approval of negotiations and import of Soviet jet fighters was then codednamed the Project 906 (906工程). During the talks, Soviet general staffs originally only opted MiG-29 as the export product and deemed PLAAF not able to reverse-engineer the aircraft in short time, while PLAAF officials saw the inferior range and electronics of MiG-29 as the deal-breaker; however, Shaposhnikov saw the possibilities to sell their most advanced fighter jets to Mainland China despite the pressure from Soviet officials. By the time Chinese general staffs departed for Mainland China, Soviet government has approved the sales in principle.

Soon after the negotiations and the impressive demonstration for PLA general staffs on August and September of 1990 at the Kubinka Airbase performed by Viktor Pugachev himself ''(the namesake of Pugachev's Cobra)'', USSR general staffs authorized the export of Flankers to Mainland China by October 1990; however Soviet officials originally decided to export the 1st revision with downgraded electronics, this of course cause outrages to PLA officials. Soviet officials arrived in Beijing on December 1990 for the final negotiations and eventually, Soviet Union officially approved for the sale of 18 Su-27SK and 6 of its twin-seater variant, Su-27UBK at US $1 billion as the 38th batch of Su-27 produced by KnAAPO ''(Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant)'' and Irkut at Irkutsk on 28 December. To pay these 24+2 ''(Note: 2 more used Su-27UBKs and engine parts were acquired at discounted rates straight from Sukhoi, purchased solely with goods trading)'' jets from Soviet Union, both country agreed for partial payment at 35% ''(5% from State Council, 30% from arms trades approved by CMC)'' with USD while the remaining would be industrial products from China, namely water kettles, blankets and hide coats; which rose fights for this deal between Chinese factories. The first two Su-27UBKs from Sukhoi arrived on 30th May way before the official delivery of the first 12 jets (eight SK and four UBK) delivered from Dzhida Airbase in Buryatia, to Wuhu Wanli Airbase, Anhui on the morning of 27th June, 1991; the remaining jets were all delivered in 25th November 1992 straight from Komosomolsk-on-Amur, where they were manufactured. <ref>https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1wi4y1k7pq/

A video on the purchase of Flankers</ref>

''Trivia 1: Just before the intended delivery of the first 10 Flankers in 1992, due to the collapse of Soviet Union, Rostec has to pay extra '''USD $200K''' for crossing the airspace of Mongolia.<ref name=":0">https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1SY411B75K/

A video on the trivia of the delivery of Flankers</ref>''

''Trivia 2: Russian pilots flew even faster than PLAAF general staffs who departed from Beijing during the June delivery, thus the jets and pilots would have to wait for the general staffs instead of opposite; all Soviet and Chinese pilots, as well as interpreters involved received USD$ 2000 bonus for their mission.''<ref name=":0" />

Soon after the introduction of Flankers in PLAAF service, PLAAF went for the production license of Su-27S and threatened the Russians with no further orders after the 39th batch ''(22 jets; totaled at 48 Su-27 series)''; this later led to a long negotiation since August 1993 and eventually set the deal in December 1996, where 200 Su-27SK would be assembled or produced by SAC within 15 years with 2 batches (105; 95 jets). SAC would receive the CKD kits of Su-27SK from KnAAPO to be assembled locally, while future jets would be SKD kits with progressive replacement with domestic parts; the Project 11 (11号工程) lead by Li Ming ''(李明; chief engineer of J-8II)'' soon received the documents in 1995 for the preparation of domestic assembly, the engineer team translated the documents for a year. With the manufacture equipment and SKD kits delivered to Shenyang in Spring of 1998, SAC assembled a complete jet with the help of Russian engineers and the first domestic assembled Su-27SK, now J-11(A) "Blue 49" with batch number 0001, soared into the skies on 1st September, 1998, marking one of the page of cooperation between Mainland China and Russia 4 decades after the split.

The J-11(A) series would be produced for another 4 batches (01xx to 04xx) before SAC finalized and digitalized the design documents of Flanker for domestic improvements, which would later known as the J-11B (Flanker-L) since 2006; while some J-11A received domestic and Belarusian upgrades for upgraded FCS with ARH missile capabilities and new avionics (most notably the original command datalink screen was replaced by a MFI-55 MFD and a few installed domestic UV MAWS). The Su-27SK and J-11A have been decommissioned by 2020s, likely been replaced by Chinese Flankers; while the Su-27UBK are still in service in small quantities as lead-in trainers for units operating Flankers.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=j_11 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Shenyang}}
{{China jet aircraft}}
<references />

F-104G (China)

2024-05-23T05:11:25Z

U40820515: /* Details */

{{About
| about = jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-104 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-104g_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', commonly known as the "星式戰鬥機" (literal translation of "Starfighter") or by its notorious nicknames "寡婦製造機" (Widowmaker) and "飛行棺材" (Flying Coffin) derived from the Luftwaffe, was a later variant of the F-104 that was acquired by the ROCAF through Project Alishan (阿里山計劃) as a replacement for the earlier fleet of subsonics and F-100s during the intense conflicts across the strait in the 1960s. The first F-104Gs arrived in the ROCAF in 1963 through the Alishan No.2 program, with a series of new jets provided by Lockheed and Canadair. Later on, additional F-104Gs from the Luftwaffe and the Danish Air Force were also delivered to the ROCAF as supplementary jets. This particular variant of the Starfighter was the only one in the ROCAF to engage in aerial combat with the PLAAF in 1967, with sources suggesting different outcomes. 4353/64-17779 was confirmed as the only F-104G lost in combat. Some F-104Gs were later converted into reconnaissance variants, known as the TF-104G, and were used for reconnaissance missions along the coastline of Mainland China. Despite becoming extremely outdated by the 1990s, these jets continued to participate in the most intense Combat Air Patrol (CAP) missions around Taiwan Island, in preparation for the potential outbreak of war. After the introduction of the F-CK-1, Mirage 2000-5Ei, and the [[F-16A MLU (China)|F-16 Block 20]] in ROCAF service, the Starfighters were decommissioned and some are now scattered across the islands as monuments or exhibits.

Introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]], the multi-role F-104G model, originally developed for export to Germany, represents a significant advancement compared to the preceding ROCAF [[F-104A (China)|F-104A]]. It features a more powerful engine and an improved range of suspended ordnance. This Taiwanese example differs from the original F-104G by having access to the AIM-9J Sidewinder air-to-air missile and the AGM-12B Bullpup air-to-ground missile, making it one of the most formidable Starfighters.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The F-104G has about 8% more engine thrust than the F-104A in exchange for slightly increased weight. The general performance has been improved but the characteristics remain similar, so anyone used to flying the F-104A will find the transition easy. As with the other Starfighters, the F-104G has great speed, acceleration, and climb rate due to its streamlined aerodynamics and powerful engine. This is achieved at the cost of low-speed handling and turning capabilities. It only turns acceptably at transonic or supersonic speeds, anything below that being far below average for a jet fighter. The stubby wings with a low aspect ratio also contribute to poor manoeuvring energy retention, so extended turning will bleed energy quickly. The roll rate is good, which helps in defensive manoeuvres.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 15,240 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,341 || 2,315 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.5 || 35.1 || 230.3 || 222.2 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,433 || 2,387 || 33.5 || 34.0 || 292.1 || 260.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,555  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 827 || 444 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 720 || < 950 || < 800 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J79-GE-11 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,552 kg || colspan="3" | 532 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel
|-
| 1,615 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,345 kg || 8,057 kg || 8,809 kg || 9,194 kg || 24,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,128 kgf || 6,357 kgf
| 0.87 || 0.79 || 0.72 || 0.69 || 0.26
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,128 kgf (0 km/h) || 8,391 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.14 || 1.04 || 0.95 || 0.91 || 0.35
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The F-104G is not equipped with any armour plating, and is therefore rather vulnerable to enemy fire, especially given the fact that most enemies at this rank sport high-calibre cannons. Since the plane's wings are so small, any damage to them at all drastically reduces stability and manoeuvrability, and may result in a crash. All of the vehicle's fuel tanks are centrally located, so fuel fires are unlikely to occur. However, the engine is very large, so it is very likely that it will sustain heavy damage if the vehicle is fired upon.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, nose-mounted (750 rpg)

The M61 Vulcan is a powerful gatling cannon. A quick and accurate burst can send targets into flames and the incredible rate of fire allows for some spray-and-pray, which is especially helpful considering how difficult it can be to get guns on target in this aircraft. But it has several drawbacks: first, the gun needs to spool up momentarily before it will fire, and second, the ammunition supply of 750 rounds will be depleted in no time if fired continuously. The former makes tap firing the gun to conserve ammunition a difficult affair but the latter means that holding down the trigger is not optimal either—certainly an awkward situation! New pilots can be afford to be somewhat more trigger-happy as they get used to the gun.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6 !! width="6%" | 7
| rowspan="12" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_F-104G_(Germany).png]]</div>
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|750 lb M117 cone 45]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[BLU-1 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[Hydra-70 M247]] rockets
| || 7 || || || || 7 ||
|-
! [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] missiles
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || 1* || || 1* || || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9E Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9J Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || 1* || || 1* || || 1
|-
| colspan="8" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 500 kg
|-
| colspan="9" | * Ordnance on hardpoint 4 cannot be carried in conjunction with missiles on hardpoints 3/5
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 14 x Hydra-70 M247 rockets
* 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles
* 3 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 3 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 3 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 3 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 3 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

As a fighter bomber variant of the F-104, the F-104G has vastly improved ordnance compared to the F-104A's measly pair of AIM-9Bs. For air-to-air combat, the best loadout consists of four AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles. The AIM-9Js have good range, target acquisition, and manoeuvrability. They can be fired from a fairly safe distance and score kills reliably, which is definitely helpful since the F-104G does not fare well in close-quarters dogfights.

For ground attack, the F-104G can carry bombs, rockets, and missiles. The largest bombload consists of three 1000 lb bombs. The only rockets it has access to are Hydra-70s with decent penetration but low explosive mass and ammo count. The real stars of the show for tank busting are the pair of AGM-12B Bullpup air-to-ground missiles. These have a warhead twice as large as the AS-20 Nords carried by the German F-104G and require less precision to score a kill. However they fly significantly slower, which can either be a good or bad quality depending on one's skill with manual guidance. Two AIM-9J Sidewinders can be carried in addition to the Bullpups to round out the loadout.

== Usage in battles ==


The F-104G does one thing extremely well: speed. This is the vehicle's greatest advantage, and can be used to great effect if the pilot is careful about choosing which engagements to pursue. It is recommended to keep up a high air-speed at all times, which will allow the F-104G to swoop in and out of the combat zone while evading enemies. Stick to boom-and-zoom attacks and avoid charging directly into combat. Keep a safe distance from enemy fighters, as it is easy for enemies to make the F-104G overshoot or otherwise reverse it. If an enemy gets on the F-104G's tail, there is not much one can do besides accelerating away or in emergencies using the roll rate to dodge fire and enter rolling scissors. If a safe distance is maintained, it is even possible to outrun enemy air-to-air missiles.

The F-104G struggles with manoeuvrability. With such small wings, it simply can't produce the lift necessary to throw itself around the sky, and therefore has a very poor turning circle. This means that any turning engagement is most likely futile, and also re-emphasises the utility of a boom and zoom playstyle. Note that the use of flaps can significantly improve turning performance, even at high speeds, but any situation requiring hard turning is in all likelihood unfavourable to the F-104G to begin with.

This vehicle is equipped with [[AIM-9J]] air-to-air missiles, which are some of the best in the game. With the ability to mount four of them, this vehicle has the potential to do great damage to enemy targets. The F-104G can also equip a wide variety of bombs and rockets, which allows it to fulfill a ground-attack role. It is inferior to the [[F-104S]] in total bombload and rocket selection and is still oriented towards air superiority overall. In combined battles, the Bullpup AGMs are effective for destroying tanks. But a few factors dampen the F-104G's utility here: its poor handling and high speed give only a small window of time to manually guide the Bullpups, it does not perform well in hectic low-altitude dogfights. It can be used in a lineup with the [[ZTZ99-II]] and [[ZTZ99-III]] MBTs. Tankers who wish to bring in Bullpups for close air support when playing with the [[ZTZ96A]] will be better served by the [[F-100A (China)|F-100A]].

=== Radars ===

The F-104G is equipped with a PS-03 search and tracking radar. The radar is mounted in the nose of the aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | PS-03 - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 90,000 m (theoretical) || 30,000 m || ±60.0° || -30.0°/+60.0°
|-
! colspan="4" | PS-03 - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 75,000 m || 200 m || ±60.0° || -30.0°/+60.0°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


* Good top speed
* Great rate of climb
* Powerful M61 cannon with high fire rate, good damage, great velocity, and plenty of rounds
* Significantly wider variety of payload options than early F-104s, including the potent AGM-12B Bullpup air-to-ground missiles
* Good roll rate
* Can carry a total of four effective AIM-9J missiles

'''Cons:'''

* Very poor overall manoeuvrability and terrible low-speed manoeuvrability
* Bleeds off airspeed quickly in sustained turns
* Lack of countermeasures is a major handicap as the IR missiles the F-104G commonly faces are extremely difficult for it to dodge without flares

== History ==


The Lockheed F-104 Starfighter was a supersonic jet fighter known for its distinctive appearance, described as a "missile with a man in it". At the time of its introduction in 1958 with the US Air Force as an interceptor, the F-104 set multiple performance records and was the first production fighter capable of flying at twice the speed of sound. Flaws of the design included engine troubles, limited range, and poor handling characteristics that led to a poor safety record, earning it several morbid nicknames like "Widowmaker".

The F-104's involvement with the Republic of China/Taiwan began soon after it entered service with the US Air Force in 1958. The Second Taiwan Straits Crisis in the August of that year was sparked by the People's Liberation Army shelling new ROC military installations on the islands of Kinmen and the Matsu Archipelago. The USAF deployed F-104s to Taiwan and used them to perform supersonic passes into the airspace of the Straits and mainland China in order to show off the capabilities of the Mach-2 capable Starfighter and intimidate the PLAAF, which at that time was equipped with [[J-2|MiG-15]]s and [[J-4|MiG-17]]s. No actual shooting engagements occurred and the F-104s were withdrawn after a cease fire in October.

The Republic of China Air Force received its first Starfighters starting in 1960, the first batch of F-104A/Bs being from ex-USAF stock. Over the decades, subsequent batches were obtained from a wide variety of countries. The F-104G was obtained from the United States in 1964-69, from Germany in 1983, and from Denmark in 1987, totalling 99 single seaters. More than half of the total Starfighter inventory of the ROCAF consisted of the F-104G, making it the most numerically important model and also the most advanced, along with the [[F-104J]]s they had received from Japan.

In operational service, the Starfighters were used to patrol the Straits and was the ROCAF's most capable interceptor for much of the Cold War era. ROCAF F-104Gs engaged PLAAF [[J-6A|J-6]]s in the airspace of Kinmen in January 1967 (the last aerial combat with the PLAAF to date) and reportedly scored two kills, though one F-104 did not return to base and may have been lost. PLAAF pilot Hu Shougen 胡寿根 claimed the victory on 4353/64-17779, while the ROCAF claimed 2 victories over J-6s from their radio surveillance. Their service was otherwise uneventful. The early Starfighter models were retired from combat roles in the 1980s and the late models continued to serve up to 1997 with upgrades to their weaponry until new fighter jets eventually replaced them in ROCAF service.

A large number of Starfighters are preserved and on display in Taiwan today. Single-seat F-104Gs can be found at Ching Chuang Kang Air Base, Kangshan Chinese Air Force Museum, Pingtung Air Base, and other locations. A full list can be found [https://www.i-f-s.nl/preserved-f-104s/preserved-in-taiwan/ here].

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-104g_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:ROCAF-TF-104G-1.jpg|thumbnail|x150px|Retired ROCAF TF-104G at Keelung.]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:ROCAF-TF-104G-2.jpg|thumbnail|x150px|Retired ROCAF TF-104G at Keelung.]]
</li>
</ul></div>

== See also ==


;Other F-104Gs

* [[F-104G]]
* [[F-104G (Italy)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Lockheed}}
{{China jet aircraft}}

F-104G (Germany)

2024-05-23T05:11:16Z

U40820515: /* Details */

{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-104 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-104g
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The F-104G was the most common variants of the Starfighter family, with over 1,000 built by various companies like Lockheed, Fokker, Fiat, etc. Germany was also one of the biggest users of the Starfighter with over 900 purchased. However, Germany struggled with the F-104 and would later earn the nickname ''Witwenmacher'' ("Widowmaker") from the German public due to its high accident rate. Over 250 planes were lost in accidents and 100+ Luftwaffe pilots died as a result. Fortunately, as Germany addressed the problems with the F-104 program the accident rate decreased to a rate similar to other countries operating the Starfighter.

Introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]], the F-104G is extremely fast and will be able to outrun many of its contemporaries. However, it severely lacks in manoeuvrability. With the addition of bombs and missiles, the F-104G can be used as a ground attacker mainly due to the CCIP for the cannon, rockets, and bombs. As a fighter, the F-104G will be potent as it has 4 x [[AIM-9J]]s, a 20 mm M61A1 Vulcan cannon with 750 rounds, and countermeasures which are incredibly important at its battle rating. Players should be careful when using the cannon as it only has 7.5 seconds of trigger time. The F-104G will be unable to dogfight many fighters at its BR, so players should stick to staying fast and making passes on enemy planes.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The F-104G has great speed, acceleration, and climb rate due to its streamlined aerodynamics and powerful engine, the General Electric J79-GE-11; which gives thrust of up to 4,130 kgf without and 8,391 kgf with afterburner. This is achieved at the cost of low-speed handling and turning capabilities. It only turns acceptably at transsonic or supersonic speeds (around 1,000 km/h), anything below that being far below average for a jet fighter. Even then, do not try to turnfight with anything other than fellow Starfighters; even a F-4E will outturn you. The stubby wings with a low aspect ratio also contribute to poor manoeuvring energy retention, so extended turning will bleed energy quickly. The roll rate is good, which helps in defensive manoeuvres.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 15,240 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,341 || 2,315 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.5 || 35.1 || 230.3 || 222.2 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,433 || 2,387 || 33.5 || 34.0 || 292.1 || 260.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,555  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 827 || 444 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 720 || < 950 || < 800 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J79-GE-11 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,552 kg || colspan="3" | 532 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel
|-
| 1,615 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,345 kg || 8,057 kg || 8,809 kg || 9,194 kg || 24,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,128 kgf || 6,357 kgf
| 0.87 || 0.79 || 0.72 || 0.69 || 0.26
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,128 kgf (0 km/h) || 8,391 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.14 || 1.04 || 0.95 || 0.91 || 0.35
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The F-104G has no armour; be it in the form of armour plates or armoured glass. Fuel tanks are self-sealing, which is pretty much a standard feature at this rank. The F-104G also has access to countermeasures as a tier I modification (unlike [[F-104G (China)|Chinese F-104G]]) and Radar Warning Receiver as a tier IV modification.

While selecting which combination of countermeasures to use, the pilot should consider which missiles opponents are likely to use.

In Air RB, most missiles at this rank are IR tracking, which can be countered by flares. Less common types of missiles are semi-active radar homing, SARH (like AIM-7E); those are countered by chaff. Radar-guided missiles are usually used from longer distances, but they can easily lose tracking or be outmanoeuvred, even in the F-104; while IR missiles are launched from closer range and can pull more Gs, so flares are more desirable.

In Ground RB, there are fewer IR guided missiles, mainly carried by some helicopters and select SPAA such as the [[Type 93]]. The biggest threat in Ground RB comes in the form of radar-equipped SPAAs, be it armed with cannons, missiles, or both. Most enemies rely on their tracking radar in order to get lead for their guns and to comfortably track your plane with missiles. Chaff confuses tracking radar, thus increasing probability of a miss, so focusing on chaff is more useful.

Final note, if you fly with the afterburner while launching flares, missiles are going to ignore them and go straight for you.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The F-104G's engine performance is sufficient when stock, so one should go for countermeasures first. Most enemies engage with IR missiles and the F-104G simply does not have enough manoeuvrability to outturn modern ones like [[R-60]] and [[AIM-9J Sidewinder]]. If playing in ground battles, work on unlocking the AIM-9J modification as soon as possible, as this will allow them to be carried in addition to ground ordnance. This means that the two AIM-9B modifications should be prioritised, as well as ordnance modifications to unlock the next modification tiers. Otherwise, the 2 x AIM-9E loadout is provided stock, so none of the modifications are truly vital beyond countermeasures.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, nose-mounted (750 rpg)
** 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 60 x countermeasures

The M61A1 is an excellent cannon at its rank, only disadvantages being the spool up time and limited ammo count relative to rate of fire.

Armed with anti-air belts for Air RB, even a short burst is fatal to any enemy aircraft, provided the burst connects.

The cannon excels even in Ground RB armed with armour-piercing belts, giving it 53 mm of penetration, which is enough to get through most SPAAs' and light tanks' armour and can even pierce the engine deck of T-90A (at 1,000 m/73°).

Last thing to note is that trigger discipline is a must.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6 !! width="6%" | 7
| rowspan="15" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[Matra 25E (250 kg)|250 kg Matra 25E]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|750 lb M117 cone 45]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[BLU-1 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || || 1* || || 1 ||
|-
! [[Hydra-70 M247]] rockets
| || 7 || || || || 7 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || 1* || || 1* || || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || 1* || || 1* || || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9E Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9J Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || 1* || || 1* || || 1
|-
! [[AS-20 Nord]] missiles
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[AS-30 Nord]] missiles
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
| colspan="8" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 500 kg
|-
| colspan="9" | * Ordnance on hardpoint 4 cannot by carried in conjunction with missiles on hardpoints 3/5
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9B FGW.2 Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 14 x Hydra-70 M247 rockets
* 2 x AS-20 Nord missiles
* 2 x AS-30 Nord missiles
* 3 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 3 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 3 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 3 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 3 x 250 kg Matra 25E bombs (750 kg total)
* 3 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

For Air RB, F-104G is quite limited in its options of armaments. With only two air-to-air missiles, they should not be wasted in turnfights, against agile planes, or planes that have a lot of energy. Instead, focus on enemy planes going after your teammates or planes in low energy state. Planes that lock up at higher speeds are also viable targets. The closer you get behind the enemy plane before launching, the higher your chances of hitting them are.

For Ground RB, F-104G has access to a wide arsenal of weapons.

Popular AS-20 Nords are practically flat trajectory 30 kg bombs that can be guided to target in MCLOS style. Their explosive payload leaves something to be desired, so the player needs to be really precise with their aiming. Also, F-104G gets only two of them. On the other hand, they have a launch range of 8 km.

Another option are M247 Hydra 70 rockets. While offering 290 mm of penetration, they only contain 0.9 kg of explosives and plane gets 14 x of them. Direct hits are must in order to achieve kill, and even with the help of ballistic computer, they are quite impractical at speeds in which F-104G usually operates.

With the ballistic computer, bombs become much more viable option. Turning on the ballistic computer allows the player to use arcade style crosshairs, so any pilot is capable of hitting ground targets with laser-like accuracy. F-104G is capable of carrying 3 x bombs (1 x mounted under fuselage and 2 x on wing pylons) and these are dropped individually, allowing the player in theory to achieve at least 3 kills per payload. All bombs carried by F-104G are viable, so it is up to personal preference.

== Usage in battles ==

The F-104G should not be used in turn fighting engagements as its small wingspan and wing area does not allow the Starfighter to outturn or retain enough energy to fight any other aircraft. Instead, the Starfighter should use its high speed and engine performance to outrun most opponents. When at top speeds, the Starfighter is able to outrun short-range AAMs launched from 2.4 km at sea level and 3.5 km at higher altitudes. Flares are also available to the Starfighter which proves to be incredibly useful to pre-flare or to dodge missiles which your aircraft wouldn't normally be able to dodge without flares.

Aggressive flanking and forcing enemies to turn and dump their energy is the playstyle which all Starfighter's should be flown and the more powerful engine of the F-104G variants compared to the As and Cs allow this playstyle to be played more successfully, though you cannot outrun some fighters such as the MiG-21bis (though your wing rip speed is much higher) and the F-104S (having a much more powerful engine though also much heavier).

Do not bother with climbing in an uptier: your already bad manoeuvrability gets worse the higher you get, and without RWR and Chaff you are nothing more than target practice for F-4Es with SARH missiles. Instead, start side climbing to 2 to 3 km, then flank already engaged targets. Your speed allows you to close distance quickly and your missiles are good enough to engage distracted enemies flying in a straight line or in low energy state. Then, escape using your superior speed. Rearm, rinse and repeat.

If you get downtiered, there are few enemies that can match your speed and climb rate. Stick to boom-and-zoom tactics, watch out for other [[F-104 (Family)|Starfighters]], [[Harrier (Family)|Harriers]], [[Yak-38 (Family)|Yak-38]] and [[Hunter (Family)|Hunters]] and use your flares to evade their missiles. Since few planes (or any at all) around BR 9.0 have RWR or flares, they should be easy prey for your Sidewinders.

=== Radars ===

The F-104G is equipped with an NASARR search and tracking radar. The radar is mounted in the nose of the aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | NASARR - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 37,000 m (theoretical) || 18,000 m || ±45.0° || ±43.0°
|-
! colspan="4" | NASARR - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 18,500 m || 150 m || ±10.0° || ±10.0°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great top speed and acceleration
* Great rate of climb
* Good roll rate
* Decent high-speed maneuverability
* Powerful M61 Vulcan cannon with a very high fire rate, good damage, excellent velocity, and plenty of ammunition
* Wide selection of secondary ordnance, including air-to-ground AS.20 guided missiles; much better than early F-104s
* Access to four potent AIM-9J sidewinder air-to-air missiles
* Access to 60 chaff/flare countermeasures

'''Cons:'''

* Very poor overall maneuverability and terrible low-speed maneuverability
* Bleeds energy quickly in sustained turn fights
* Large turning radius due to small wing surface and high speed
* High takeoff and landing speeds

== History ==

The brainchild of famed Lockheed engineer Clarence "Kelly" Johnson, after having spoken to USAF pilots about their experience in the Korean Air War, the F-104 Starfighter was innovative in both its design and speed. Developed from the start as a daytime air-superiority fighter with speed in mind, the Starfighter began life at Lockheed's famous "Skunk Works" facility in 1952 to combat the Soviet's new age of supersonic jet fighters. The aircraft would incorporate the smallest airframe, combined with the most technologically advanced turbojet at the time, to create the base of what would become the F-104.

In 1953, the USAF showed interest in the project, and proposed an open contest with Lockheed and multiple other firms for a supersonic interceptor, based wholly on performance. Lockheed evidently won the contest and approval for two prototypes to be produced and, in February of 1954, took flight for the first time. Although it was slated to be fitted with the General Electric J79 turbofan, due to shortages of the engines the prototypes were mated to a license-built variant of the British Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire engine, called the Wright XJ65-W-6, until the initial powerplant was available. The aircraft however was not without its problems, resulting in a four-year long developmental period for the aircraft. By the end of it, 17 pre-production YF-104As had been built, tested, and used to iron out any problems that would be noticeable on the final F-104. In 1958, the F-104 would finally be available for deliveries featuring some differences from the initial prototypes in the form of a longer fuselage as well as the fitting of General Electric J79GE-3 engines putting out a whopping 14,800 lbs of thrust.

From the start the F-104A smashed records, taking the record as the first operational fighter in service to succeed Mach 2, as well as going on to take the records for both altitude and speed in both the F-104A and F-104C variants respectively. On May 7th, 1958, Maj. Howard C. Johnson, in his F-104A, set a new world altitude record at 91,243 feet, and 11 days later another aircraft set a new speed record at 1,403.19 mph. The altitude record was later bested by another variant of the aircraft, the F-104C, at a whopping altitude of 103,389 feet. In the 1950s, the aircraft had come to be exactly what the public had expected a fighter of this magnitude to look like. With a long, pencil shaped fuselage with short, sharp edged wings it encompassed the era of space flight and Sci-Fi with its design. The wings were one of the most unique parts of the aircraft, as well as its long fuselage taken up mostly by its large engine and fuel storage, and were only 4 inches and its thickest. Sweeping was only utilized on the leading edge, and a slight anhedral was in place to combat "Dutch Roll", a phenomenon where the aircraft rocks side-to-side uncontrollably. The wings, while helping with supersonic flight, were harmful to ground crews, and special equipment had to be issued to service these areas.

While having a history of accidents and high pilot attrition, the aircraft was fitted with an ejection seat. Due to the great speed of the aircraft at Mach 2, it was believed that the seat wouldn't have enough time to clear the tail section in an ejection scenario. Therefore, a downward firing ejection seat known as the Stanley C-1 was fitted into early models of the F-104. While a good idea, and in theory could work, the C-1 was also believed harmful in the case of a low-altitude ejection of the aircraft. After a failed introduction of the Stanley C-2 ejection seat, the problem was finally solved by the introduction of the Martin-Baker ejection system, particularly in foreign-operator's Starfighters. Roughly 153 F-104As were produced, with 26 more being F-104B two-seat variants. The F-104A spend a short time in USAF service before being send to Air National Guard (ANG) units, which some others being sent to foreign operators which had some success in their service. In September of 1958 the USAF would get the F-104C, a dedicated fighter-bomber variant designed for the USAF's Tactical Air Command's 479th Tactical Fighter Squadron. The F-104C featured improvements over the F-104A in the form of a better fire-control system as well as hardpoints on the centerline on the belly and under the wings. The aircraft also introduced the ability to refuel mid-flight via a probe running along the right side of the aircraft, extending the reach of the aircraft somewhat. However, like most of the A models ended up, the C models were quickly transferred to Air National Guard (ANG) units both of which served until around 1975 in their service. The first combat of the F-104 however wouldn't be seen until the Vietnam War, and while not having any kills to count was successful in keeping MiGs back and from intercepting friendly aircraft. The aircraft had a short service life in this theatre, only serving in 1965, and again from 1967-1969 until the introduction of the more-capable F-4 Phantom II by which it was replaced.

The aircraft saw its best success as the F-104G, of which Germany had many. The aircraft has come to be known as the "definitive" variant of the Starfighter. Sporting a reinforced airframe, larger vertical stabilizer, uprated turbofans, and improved electronics, the aircraft was initially built for the German Luftwaffe and first flew in October 1960. The aircraft's licensing was handled by multiple manufacturers, notably Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB), FIAT, Fokker, and Sociétés Anonyme Belge de Constructions Aéronautiques (SABCA). While in German service the aircraft earned the nickname "Widowmaker" when, between the years 1961 and 1989, 292 aircraft out of 916 had crashed, with 116 pilots being lost.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-104g Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[F-104 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=113 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> Lockheed F-104 Starfighter]

{{AirManufacturer Lockheed}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

F-104G (Italy)

2024-05-23T05:11:05Z

U40820515: /* Details */

{{Specs-Card
|code=f-104g_italy
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The first F-104G to be delivered to Italy was on March 3, 1961, built by Lockheed and was later disassembled and studied for production in Italy. 105 units were then produced under license in Italy, and they were used as interceptor aircraft, armed with AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles, and in some departments were used as fighter-bombers. After the continued use of the F-104G, an updated version was requested that would become the [[F-104S]] produced by Aeritalia. At the end of their service, the various Italian F-104s would become monuments and kept in museums.

Introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]], the F-104G is not very manoeuvrable but in return has great acceleration and speed so should be used more as a boom-and-zoom fighter with the 20 mm cannon and the AIM-9J missiles. Thanks to its acceleration, you can quickly climb to high altitudes or chase enemy aircraft, but never turn-fight because it will rarely find success. For the defence of the aircraft you can count on the Chaff and Flares to avoid IR and semi-active radar missiles.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 15,240 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,341 || 2,315 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.5 || 35.1 || 230.3 || 222.2 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,433 || 2,387 || 33.5 || 34.0 || 292.1 || 260.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,555  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 827 || 444 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 720 || < 950 || < 800 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J79-GE-11 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,552 kg || colspan="3" | 532 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel
|-
| 1,615 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,344 kg || 8,057 kg || 8,809 kg || 9,194 kg || 24,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,128 kgf || 6,357 kgf
| 0.87 || 0.79 || 0.72 || 0.69 || 0.26
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,128 kgf (0 km/h) || 8,391 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.14 || 1.04 || 0.95 || 0.91 || 0.35
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The F-104G has no armour; be it in the form of armour plates or armoured glass. Fuel tanks are self-sealing, which is pretty much a standard feature at this rank. The F-104G also has access to countermeasures as a tier I modification (unlike the [[F-104G (China)|Chinese F-104G]]).

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (750 rpg)
** 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="9%" | 1 !! width="9%" | 2 !! width="9%" | 3 !! width="9%" | 4 !! width="9%" | 5
| rowspan="12" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_F-104C.png]]</div>
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|750 lb M117 cone 45]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || || 1 || ||
|-
! [[BLU-1 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| || 19 || || 19 ||
|-
! [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP]] rockets
| || 4 || || 4 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || || || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9J Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || || || 1
|-
| colspan="6" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 500 kg
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-9J Sidewinder missiles
* 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 3 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 3 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 3 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 3 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 1 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bomb (2,000 lb total)
* 3 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

F-104G is a hit-and-run type of airplane, for the simple fact that the wings of this airplane are very small, and this means the aircraft has little manoeuvrability. Its strong point is its engine that makes it very fast and gives it a thrust of 4,530 kgf while with afterburner 6,360 kgf, this makes it capable of regaining speed very quickly after a manoeuvre.

The Italian F-104G, unlike other F-104, carries chaff and flares so players also have the possibility to defend from both IR and Radar missile threats. When using flares, do not continue going straight and instead try to manoeuvre so the missile loses track of the F-104G's engine exhaust and focuses on the flares.

Recommended payloads:

* 2 x AIM-9J for air battles
* 1 x 2,000 lb, 2 x 1,000 lb, AIM-9J for mixed battles to shoot down planes and destroy tanks with the bombs.

'''Air RB:'''

As soon as taking off, players can use two tactics with the F-104G. The first tactic is to go head-on at low altitude against enemy jets. The second tactic is to flank around the map and attack the enemy from behind.

'''Ground RB:'''

When using the F-104G, remember to stay at lower altitude to avoid enemy anti-aircraft from locking on, then go out and launch the bombs or rockets that was brought into the battle against the enemy. After expending all the payload against the enemy, return to the base and come back for another round of attack runs. If bringing anti-air missiles, the F-104G can also loiter and help maintain air superiority by shooting down enemy aircraft that appear.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great top speed and acceleration
* Great rate of climb
* Good roll rate
* Powerful M61 Vulcan cannon with a very high fire rate, great ballistics and high damage
* Wide selection of secondary ordnance; much better than earlier F-104s and excellent for a bombing or ground-attack role
* Has a ballistic computer for every weapon
* Access to two potent AIM-9J sidewinder air-to-air missiles
* Access to 60 chaff/flare countermeasures
* Decent fuel capacity and also boasts a good fuel efficiency and economy even using only the afterburner

'''Cons:'''

* Insanely poor manoeuvrability at almost any speed
* Compared to other F-104G variants, it's only capable of equipping 2 air-to-air missiles
* Large turning radius due to small wing surface and high speed
* High takeoff and landing speeds
* Only has 3 pylons for air-to-ground ordnance

== History ==


The story of the Italian F-104G originally began in America. In February of 1954 at the Lockheed facilities in America, the first 2 prototypes of the F-104 would take flight for the first time. America was looking to develop a new aircraft to combat the Soviet's new age of supersonic jet fighters. The aircraft would incorporate the smallest possible airframe with the most technologically advanced turbojet at the time, to create the base of what would become the F-104. Although the program would have some minor setbacks, such as the intended engine not being available during the beginning, development would continue and would lead to the first variant of the F-104, the F-104A. From the base variant of the F-104 many variants would begin to be developed, such as the F-104C, the F-104S and in this case, the F-104G.
[[File:F-104G MM.6546 Ferrari .png|thumb|F-104G (MM.6546) for the Ferrari competition]]
The main differences of the G variant compared to the others would be a reinforced airframe, larger vertical stabilizer, updated turbofans, and improved electronics. Due to these changes, the F-104G would be known as the "definitive" variant of the Starfighter. The G would first take flight on October of 1960, it would initially be built for the German Luftwaffe as at the time they were looking for a fast aircraft which would be able to deliver nuclear payloads, however that didn't stop it from generating enough interest to be exported and licence-produced in many countries, such as in Italy. The aircraft's licensing was handled by multiple manufacturers, notably Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB), FIAT Aviazione, Fokker, and Sociétés Anonyme Belge de Constructions Aéronautiques (SABCA).
[[File:F-104G 4°Stormo.png|thumb|F-104G of the 4°Stormo]]
The first aircraft (MM 6501) was delivered to Italy on March 3rd of 1961. It was built by Lockheed, however after being transferred to Italy it was dismantled and used as a model for the construction under license of the 105 units ordered by the Italian Air Force. Aeritalia ended up producing a total of 230 Starfighters in different versions, of which 124 would be made for the Italian Air Force. The F-104G in Italian service was mainly used as an all-weather interceptor armed with AIM-9B Sidewinder infrared guided air-to-air missiles. Other departments instead used the F-104G as a conventional or strike fighter-bomber. The F-104G would eventually be replaced in these roles by the "Tornado IDS", the F-104Gs were concentrated at the 3rd Aerobrigata (later 3rd Stormo) which already used the RF-104G reconnaissance variant. A unit of F/RF-104G of the 3rd Wing took part in the 1991 Gulf War, operating from the Turkish base of Incirlik. Most of the F-104G's would be turned into static displays or kept in museums, for example one resides in Vigna di Valle Airforce museum, this one was the first entirely Italian-built F-104G which first flew on the 5th October of 1962.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-104g_italy Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[F-104 (Family)]]
** [[F-104S]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Fiat}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

F-105D

2024-05-23T04:53:27Z

U40820515: /* Details */

{{Specs-Card
|code=f-105d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]]. A nickname often associated with the {{PAGENAME}} was "Thud".

Like its contemporaries in the [[Su-7 (Family)|Su-7 family]], the {{PAGENAME}} is a strike aircraft designed for ordnance delivery at high speeds and low altitude, and its design reflects this, with powerful acceleration, excellent control authority at high speeds, good roll rate, and plentiful choices in bomb options. The {{PAGENAME}} also has a full range of ballistic computer programming, including CCIP for rockets, bombs and cannons, plus a CCRP function that uses its surprisingly capable AN/ASG-19 radar. While it lacks a true "lock" function, the gun has a radar-ranging gunsight as well as a Search and IFF (Identify Friend or Foe) function that allows it to at least see targets in front and above it to a relatively high degree of efficiency at ranges of up to 15 km. This allows it to see enemies to some extent, and plan ahead to avoid them. The F-105 was designed with nuclear strike in mind, and it performs best roaring through valleys and over hills at low altitude, reaching speeds of almost Mach 1.2 when clean, and Mach 1.05 with a full load of sixteen 750-pound M117 bombs. Famous for its use during Operation Rolling Thunder in Vietnam as the United States Air Force's main strike aircraft, the F-105, like the [[P-47 (Family)|P-47]] and [[F-84 (Family)|F-84]] that preceded it, has a reputation for being an aircraft capable of taking heavy punishment. However, it had several fatal flaws, including the lack of any standoff air-to-ground ordnance, the positioning of the fuel tanks directly above control cables and the at-times temperamental engine, the low-altitude, low-speed passes that it was forced to fly, and the doctrines of the time.

This fighter has chaff in pods, but does not have flares. It is vulnerable to the IR-guided air-to-air missiles (AAMs) that are prevalent at the battle rating range that it fights at, as well as the radar-guided anti-aircraft guns and the IR or Beam-riding Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAMs) it faces at its BR. This is offset by the roll rate and control authority, meaning that it can easily outroll or outmanoeuvre any rear-aspect AAM in-game except the [[Matra R550 Magic 1|Matra R.550 Magic]], which can only be outmanoeuvred with range and the assumption that the Magic's booster has shut off. Since it was designed to perform toss-bombing at high speeds on the deck, it also has the capability to pull surprisingly high Gs and turn/loop tighter than expected for an attack aircraft, managing turns of 12-13 Gs with empty bomb racks and 4 Sidewinders, or 13-14 G clean with 12 minutes of fuel left in the tank at around ~1,100 km/h, and still manages 10-11 G sustained turns above and below those speeds. Seeing as these speeds, fuel loads, and payloads are fairly standard conditions when turning away from a base to head home for more ordnance, or while tussling with MiGs over the battlefield, the {{PAGENAME}} makes for a capable dogfighter in its own right. Not many enemy pilots expect the {{PAGENAME}} to be capable of popping a 12 G sustained turn immediately after destroying a base, and even fewer expect it from an attacker glued onto their tail!

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,129 || 2,102 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.5 || 29.5 || 149.3 || 141.5 || rowspan="2" | 1,050
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,206 || 2,167 || 27.5 || 28.0 || 202.8 || 175.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,575  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 2350 || 827 || 490 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 720 || < 950 || < 800 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney J75-P-19W || 1
| colspan="2" | 12,675 kg || colspan="2" | 450 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel
|-
| 2,699 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 13,701 kg || 15,195 kg || 16,095 kg || 22,911 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,953 kgf || 9,868 kgf
| 0.72 || 0.65 || 0.61 || 0.43
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 6,953 kgf (0 km/h) || 13,161 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 0.96 || 0.87 || 0.82 || 0.57
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

{{Notice
|'''IMPORTANT: This aircraft cannot carry flares.''' The countermeasure pods are AN/ALE-38/41 Chaff dispensers, which, unlike modern countermeasure pods or USN countermeasure systems, use neither a common calibre nor dispenser system as flares. The {{PAGENAME}} was never equipped with the AN/ALE-40 combined Chaff/Flare suite used on the [[F-4E Phantom II|F-4E]], nor the AN/ALE-29 chaff/flare dispenser used on the [[A-4 (Family)|A-4 Skyhawks]] and [[A-7 Corsair II (Family)|A-7 Corsairs]].
}}

* 12.7 mm armour plate behind the pilot.

Since the aircraft is so big, and has a considerable amount of interior space, gunfire will often pass through the empty innards of the aircraft. Single hits from 20 mm or 23 mm cannons such as the [[GSh-23L (23 mm)|Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23L]], [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]], and [[Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 0 (20 mm)|Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 0]] will likely cause no damage other than slight damage to the wings or fuselage. Longer bursts with more hits will cause more serious damage that is likely to require repair at the airfield as soon as possible. Often, cannon bursts from the rear will destroy the engine and disable the tail control, forcing the pilot to bail out, but the wings, fuselage, and tail assembly will all stay attached to the plane until the aircraft slams into the ground. Theoretically, it is possible to control the aircraft entirely with flap input and throttle control without the elevator, but this requires almost ideal conditions that almost never occur. The {{PAGENAME}}, however, lends itself better to this than most aircraft, thanks to flaps that are large, tough, and durable, with rip speeds in excess of 800 km/h. The F-105's landing gear are also extremely durable, and due to their high height, allow slightly sharper and harder landing approaches than other aircraft, which can come in handy after shepherding a damaged aircraft back to base.

The {{PAGENAME}}'s tail control and elevators are particularly vulnerable to enemy fire, and even single hits that wouldn't even damage the fuselage or wings will likely cripple or seriously impair your tailplane. This is compounded by the fact that the {{PAGENAME}} has control cables for the tail in both the top and the bottom of the aircraft, and therefore is extremely vulnerable to enemy fire. Enemy missiles are almost guaranteed to destroy the tail control, wing control, or ignite the massive fuel tanks in the fuselage. {{PAGENAME}} pilots must take utmost care to dodge missiles or otherwise avoid confrontations where enemy missiles come into play, such as prolonged tail-chases in a target-rich environment.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, nose-mounted (1,028 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="9%" | 1 !! width="9%" | 2 !! width="9%" | 3 !! width="9%" | 4 !! width="9%" | 5
| rowspan="15" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| 1 || 4 || 6 || 4 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| 1 || 4 || 6 || 4 || 1
|-
! [[M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|750 lb M117 cone 45]] bombs
| 1 || 4 || 6 || 4 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 Air (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 Air]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[M118 (3,000 lb)|3,000 lb M118]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BLU-27/B incendiary]] bombs
| 1 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 1
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| 19 || 19 || || 19 || 19
|-
! [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[AGM-12C Bullpup]] missiles
| || 1 || || 1 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1, 2 || || || || 1, 2
|-
! [[AIM-9E Sidewinder]] missiles
| 2 || || || || 2
|-
! Chaff
| 192 || || || || 192
|-
| colspan="6" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 5,800 kg
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles
* 2 x AGM-12C Bullpup missiles
* 16 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 16 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 16 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (12,000 lb total)
* 9 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 Air bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 3 x 3,000 lb M118 bombs (9,000 lb total)
* 8 x BLU-27/B incendiary bombs
* 384 x chaff
{{Navigation-End}}

;Summary & Recommendations

The {{PAGENAME}} carries a range of bombs, but the payloads an {{PAGENAME}} pilot will often use are:

* 16 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (12,000 lb total)

:This payload is best for bombing bases. It takes seven M117 bombs to destroy a base at 9.7, and with 16 bombs, dropping in 5 pairs of 2 and 6 individual drops, an {{PAGENAME}} can easily pickle off four pairs of bombs (8 total) before using the remaining ones to destroy another base, lighting the afterburner, and heading for home.

* 14 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles (10,500 lb total)

:This payload is one of the best for bombing bases and then switching into an air-to-air role. The AIM-9E missiles are capable against aircraft that are slow, and useful for causing faster aircraft to manoeuvre to avoid them, forcing them to lose speed and giving you a chance to close the gap.

* 6 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 2 x 3,000 lb M118 bombs + 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles (10,500 lb total)

:One of the single most effective payloads, this may be used as a substitute for the above payload if a pilot dislikes having to pickle off eight bombs individually, as now, with a single push of a button, two M118s come sliding off the rails. These two bombs combined are more than enough for a base, but are also effective in their own right as capture-point clearing bombs, or for destroying aircraft staying on the airfield near the end of a match. Campers beware!

* 6 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 2 x AGM-12C Bullpup missiles + 4 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles (4,500 lb total)

:Two heavy-duty bullpups and four Sidewinders make for a powerful punch against both ground and air targets. The M117s are there merely as additional ordnance, and may be jettisoned where necessary for a cleaner aircraft, or used against enemy targets.

[[File:F-105 in hangar.png|thumb|524x524px|Loaded for bear — an {{PAGENAME}} in the hangar, loaded with fourteen M117 demolition bombs, and four AIM-9Es on the outboard pylons. Note the size when compared to the ~1.8 metre-tall mechanics.]]
The LDGP Mark 82 500 lb bombs provided stock and the AGM-12B/Sidewinder combinations serve no purpose once spaded. The Mark 82 can quickly be replaced by the extremely effective M117, which bomb-for-bomb provides the most effective bombing option, since it carries the most TNT for its weight. In addition to this, the Thunderchief carries as many M117s as it does Mark 82s, and also has far more available ordnance options that pair M117s together with other weapons, such as Bullpups. The AGM-12B and Sidewinder/Chaff pod combinations allow for a maximum of two AGM-12Bs, a full rack of bombs on the centreline, and four AIM-9B/Es. Once the AGM-12C has been unlocked, carrying these combinations is useless, since the AGM-12C is superior in every metric, and given the limit on how many Bullpups can be carried with AIM-9s, it's more useful to carry the larger missile rather than the smaller one.

Something to consider is that more experienced players may find Mark 83 effectively redundant, as the M117s that precede them in the modifications menu carry nearly 210 kg of TNT equivalent, and the F-105 can carry more of them than Mark 83s. While at first, the Mk 83's additional 66 kg of TNT equivalent (for a total of 276 kg per thousand-pound bomb) may seem like an improvement, the M117 has nearly identical fragment dispersion/vehicle destruction radii, as well as only 7 mm less armour penetration. Coupled with the aircraft's ballistic computer for precision-bombing, experienced pilots shouldn't need the extra explosive mass to destroy a ground target, and since on a single hardpoint, the F-105 carries more M117s than Mark 83s (4-6 as opposed to 3 for the Mark 83), even novice pilots may find it easier to use the M117, since they have more M117s to drop. Pilots will also find it easier to acquire the M117 than the Mark 83 on this aircraft, as M117s are available as a Tier I modification, while Mark 83s are in Tier II, and the Thunderchief has far more Tier II modifications that should take a higher priority over the Mark 83, such as New Boosters or AIM-9Bs.

Chaff is not advisable for the {{PAGENAME}}. At this battle rating, the {{PAGENAME}} faces mostly IR missiles, and given its flight performance, pilots must rely on manoeuvring alone to defeat the [[AIM-9B]]s, [[AIM-9E]]s, [[R-3S]]s, and [[AIM-9G]]s that are typical to planes around the 8.7-9.7 BR range, as well as the occasional [[R-60]], [[AIM-9J]]/[[RB24J]], and rare [[AIM-7C Sparrow|AIM-7C]], [[AIM-7D]] and [[AIM-7E]] Sparrows that it can face from time to time. All of these missiles can be defeated with appropriate manoeuvring and avoidance of enemy aircraft, making chaff pods entirely redundant, and just something that takes up more space on a hard point that could be used by a bomb, missile, or rocket pod. However, in Ground RB, chaff may be useful in temporarily spoofing early missile and gun SPAA. That said, no SPAA at that BR is entirely radar-based, and most radar-based SPAAGs use their radar to determine only a target solution rather than guide any sort of weapon. For instance, the most common anti-aircraft missile systems in Ground RB — the [[Roland 1]], [[Type 93]], [[Ozelot]], [[2S6]], and [[XM1069]] — all use either IR guidance or a form of semi-active beam-riding guidance that completely ignores chaff.

Four AGM-12Bs is the maximum amount of guided ordnance that the {{PAGENAME}} can carry, if a pilot requires a lot of guided missiles to take out tanks in Ground RB. Due to the ballistic computer, it is often better to take bombs instead, since you can drop from higher up and on different flight profiles where enemy tanks and SPAAs do not expect air attack.

The Mighty Mouse FFARs that it receives are effective, but slightly underpowered compared to the [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP|Zunis]], [[S-8KO|S-8s]], [[S-24]]s, [[S-25O|S-25s]] and [[psrak m/70|13.5 cm m/70]] that other similar aircraft in and around its battle rating receive. The LAU-3s cannot be used with AIM-9Es, bombs, or any other payloads outside of either on their own or with chaff. This makes bringing FFARs a sub-par option compared to other ordnance options already available for the F-105D Thunderchief.

== Usage in battles ==

The F-105 is an extremely versatile aircraft. Used in a bombing role, typically designated by either "A for Attack" or "B for Bomber", the F-105 in fact excels at both air-to-ground and air-to-air roles, though the aircraft is typically less successful in the latter than the former.

=== Against air targets ===
While the F-105 is classified as an attacker, the aircraft lends itself well to air-to-air work. The aircraft, however, requires basic knowledge on how to fly jets in energy-fighting manoeuvres. Its armament, size, and speed lend it well to destroying enemy targets by pressing its sheer advantage in speed — not many aircraft at its battle rating exceed Mach 1.1 in level flight, and even less while still having a sizeable payload onboard.

[[File:F-105 Turning And Burning.mp4|thumb|F-105 in a sustained ~11-12G turn at sea level.]]

'''On the offensive'''

The F-105's best advantage is in its speed and considerably powerful engine. The aircraft has good energy retention and turning performance at speed, thanks to the nuclear toss-bombing flight profile that the aircraft was designed for. The F-105 does not have any issue with using this ability to loop rapidly at high speed in the vertical by turning quickly and at high Gs in the horizontal. Managing around 12Gs in a sustained turn beginning at Mach 1.0, the F-105 has performance entirely unexpected from a single-engined attacker of its size at its battle rating. F-105Ds also possess strengthened wing spars that earlier variants did not, and unlike said earlier variants, will not tear its wings in sustained manoeuvres very easily. Managing up to 13Gs, and up to fourteen Gs in rare cases, the F-105's large, strong wings grant it energy retention in addition to roll rate, and the swept-wing construction makes it one of the faster-accelerating aircraft at its battle rating- more than enough to match more nimble [[MiG-19 (Family)|MiG-19s]] and [[MiG-21 (Family)|MiG-21s]] at certain speeds.

The F-105 has the option to carry four AIM-9s of either the [[AIM-9B Sidewinder|AIM-9B]] or [[AIM-9E]] type. While these missiles are unimpressive in terms of performance when compared to the [[R.550]] or [[R-60]] that this aircraft faces, they are nonetheless useful. The AIM-9E is a direct upgrade to the AIM-9B that includes a wider seeker FOV thanks to the seeker's ability to uncage and track a target slightly before launch, making it more useful than the AIM-9B in a dogfight. However, the most useful air-to-air asset by far is the gun, which has a generous supply of ammunition available to it. Most F-105 air-to-air victories in Vietnam were made with the gun, and the same holds true in-game. You'll find that many enemies don't expect fast opposition coming back at them from the direction that their airfield is in, which is where you'll be after letting off your bombloads and presumably evading detection by the enemy until that point. Since the aircraft can manage above average speed, pilots will find the F-105 attuned to the doctrine of energy fighting. However, they will also find that the F-105 can turn with its enemies where necessary, and accelerate to regain speed rapidly afterwards, meaning that using turns, loops and otherwise engaging in a dogfight may sometimes be more desirable than simple boom-and-zoom methods. However, F-105 pilots should remember that the aircraft is not designed to get into close-in dogfights. Making mistakes, such as bleeding too much energy, will only turn the F-105D into a slow, large target to be easily hit in a furball engagement.

'''On the defensive'''

The {{PAGENAME}} is extremely survivable. The size of the aircraft means that the aircraft can shrug off damage to its airframe and wings easily and keep flying, and it is easy to glide back to base when out of fuel or damaged. The Thud has a chance to put out fires in its spinal fuel tanks, but due to its position above the engine, if the rear fuel tank gets set on fire, the engine will likely burn down with it. However, the {{PAGENAME}} is good at gliding home and back to base even when the engine is down or after sustaining heavy damage. The pilot lacks protection from the front and sides, and the aircraft lacks any sort of protection for fuel tanks, engine, control cables and control surfaces, unlike its well-armoured stablemate, the A-7 Corsair II. The aircraft can lose a wingtip and a tail fin, but still make it home to base and glide in for a landing. The gears are extremely durable and lend themselves well to rough landing, and the high ground clearance allows the aircraft a better chance of avoiding a tail strike in a high-speed landing.

The size of the aircraft is a double-edged sword, as enemy missiles are almost guaranteed to go off when in proximity to the aircraft. Dodging high-G missiles can become a hassle as while rolling the aircraft and jinking are the most effective methods of taking missiles off your tail, they also increase the surface area that is presented to the proxy fuse. Smaller, more manoeuvrable missiles such as [[R-60]]s and [[SRAAM]]s have an extremely slim chance to detonate even after you appear to have "dodged" it since the proximity fuse is still live after the missile loses its lock.

All of these pale in comparison to its speed, roll rate, and acceleration. Few aircraft possess the {{PAGENAME}}'s aptitude for speed. Only higher-BR aircraft it sees in full uptiers, such as the [[MiG-21SMT]] and the [[MiG-21MF (Germany)|MiG-21MF]], [[F-104 (Family)|F-104 Starfighters]] and [[F-4F Early|F-4F(e)s]] have the ability to keep up with it. Speed is a form of protection in and of itself, since the {{PAGENAME}} can simply jettison its ordnance and run away from whatever it doesn't want to face. However, loading heavy payloads like the bombs required to destroy bases leech away at its speed, and thus speed is only really an option when running the aircraft with AIM-9Es only, or completely clean.

Thanks to the roll rate, the F-105D is able to quickly roll to dodge enemy gunfire, and also enemy missiles. The latter is essential, given the fact that the F-105D never carried any flares, and will never receive flares due to never carrying any such countermeasures in real life. A basic manoeuvre to avoid air-to-air missiles is a snap roll, with or without afterburner, performed by pitching up and rolling/yawing into the same direction. This will cause the aircraft to begin a high-G barrel roll that can reach up to 14Gs, and is effective at losing even the trickiest of opponents. Less advanced air-to-air missiles can be dodged by just turning a little, and given that high-G barrel rolls bleed speed from the aircraft, it's important to know the range and performance envelopes of the enemy aircraft before picking your manoeuvre — turn, high-g barrel roll, or simply levelling off and out-speeding the missile.

=== Against ground targets ===
While the {{PAGENAME}} can carry up to four air-to-ground guided missiles, it can only do this with four AGM-12Bs. This load is hardly optimal, particularly since with the ballistic computer, bombs might be far more effective anyhow. The {{PAGENAME}} does get AGM-12Cs, but only two of them. Keep in mind that with this payload, you cannot carry AIM-9Es for self-defense, nor chaff for spoofing radar. While still able to destroy ground targets, this payload's effectiveness is sometimes questionable in the face of the other payloads this versatile aircraft is capable of carrying. When carrying AIM-9Es or chaff pods, the amount of air-to-ground missiles that the aircraft is able to carry drops to two. The aircraft can only carry two AGM-12s and AIM-9Es with bombs, meaning that using combined loads of AGM-12Bs and missiles/chaff is entirely moot once AGM-12Cs are unlocked and available to the player. The {{PAGENAME}} lacks any fire-and-forget air-to-ground ordnance, as well as any kind of good stand-off ordnance to use against SPAAs. This means that aircraft is vulnerable to enemy SPAA armaments since novice pilots will have to fly low in order to use the bombs, the AGM-12s require constant attention to hit moving targets, and the aircraft lacks any sort of standoff ordnance to use against AAA while staying at an appreciable distance away.

The {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with a full range of ballistic computer functionality. The Constantly Computed Impact Point (CCIP) function helps show the pilot where bombs and rockets will go when released. The Constantly Computed Release Point (CCRP) function that uses the powerful onboard radar system to paint a target on the ground, and it gives the pilot an alert when "release authority" is handed over at a point where if the bomb is dropped, the projectile will hit the target selected. The CCRP system is effective at any altitude, but requires the pilot to have good timing and knowledge of the system being used. The CCIP system is also useable from most altitudes, but is most effective in dives below 1,000 m altitude, meaning that the pilot will have to fly low, exposing themselves to enemy fire as a result. While this is not usually a problem in Air RB, in Ground RB, where ground-based Short-Range Air Defense (SHORAD) is present, the aircraft is particularly vulnerable to radar-assisted gun AAA, enemy IR/beam-riding SAMs, and main cannons. Despite this vulnerability, the aircraft is extremely tough and survivable. AI anti-aircraft fire will often only be a minor annoyance, and player-launched surface-to-air missiles can be either dodged or avoided with clever tactics and positioning. In addition to that, the aircraft's size means that sometimes, bullets and shells will only hit non-essential components, such as the large, empty bomb bay for nuclear bombs in the centre of the plane.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good acceleration
* high top speed
* Effective control authority at speeds in excess of ~700 km/h
* Takeoff flaps have a high rip speed (~823 km/h)
* Powerful M61 Vulcan cannon with large ammo pool
* Excellent range of ground attack payloads with a ballistic computer
* Can be equipped with 4 x AIM-9E air-to-air missiles
* Has a radar with IFF capabilities and a fast search rate

'''Cons:'''

* High stall speed makes manoeuvring and landing at slow speeds difficult
* Countermeasures only include chaff and will replace AAMs if equipped
* Extremely high fuel consumption on afterburner: requires careful management of fuel on minimum or 20 minutes fuel load
* Maneuverability and overall flight performance significantly suffers with a full bombload
* Has no flares, which make this plane very susceptible to IR guided missiles

== History ==
[[File:RF-84F.jpg|thumb|A USAF Thunderflash, somewhere over the continental US.]]
The F-105 Thunderchief is an American supersonic fighter-bomber that served during the Vietnam war. Originally an advanced derivative of the RF-84F, the F-105 was a large attack aircraft designed for both nuclear and conventional strike. F-105s would see extensive service in Vietnam as the USAF's primary attack aircraft until high loss rates forced it to be retired from active service. A total of 833 aircraft were built.

The Thunderchief comes from an illustrious family of aircraft, all developed by Seversky, which later would become Republic Aviation. Starting from the early P-35, the aircraft later evolved into the [[P-43A-1|P-43]], an early propeller aircraft developed into the far larger and more powerful [[P-47 (Family)|P-47 Thunderbolt]]. As the Jet Age approached, the P-47 was converted to Jet Propulson, and the [[F-84 (Family)]] was born out of that conversion, beginning with early models such as [[F-84B-26|F-84Bs]]. These were found to be severely underpowered, and the later extended-fuselage F-84E and [[F-84G-21-RE|F-84G]] added a more powerful and more reliable J-35 turbojet. Soon afterwards, the F-84 would be given swept wings, and a much-improved engine, and this design work was laid out the basis for what would eventually become the F-105 Thunderchief.

[[File:AP-63.jpg|thumb|Concept art by Republic of Advanced Project Nº 63.]]

;A Repurposed Thunderflash: The F-105's Origins

The F-105 originated as an internal project of the RF-84F Thunderflash photo-reconnaissance aircraft, featuring the same wing-mounted engine intake system. First begun in 1951, initial design work resembled an enlarged RF-84 with an integral bomb bay in the middle of the aircraft. [[F-84G-21-RE|F-84Gs]] in Tactical Air Command service had been the first fighter aircraft in the world able to carry nuclear bombs, and the first aircraft able to conduct in-flight refuelling- and one of the scant few aircraft designed to be able to refuel by both probe-and-drogue and boom systems. However, this aircraft had merely only been an interim while TAC waited for the [[F-84F]] to enter production, and as such, it was based on a previous variant- the F-84E, but also incorporated many of the technologies expected to be on the F-variant. While the E/G variants closely resembled the [[F-84B-26|F-84B]] in general shape, the F-84F was a radical departure, incorporating a high sweepback and more hardpoints for increased weapons carriage. The RF-84F was an even more radical departure from the previously established F-84 formula, including wing root intakes and a rounded nose for the cameras that it was required to carry in its photoreconnaissance role. While the F-84G/F enjoyed success in Korea and in peacetime European service, Republic Aviation started a new project for a much-improved aircraft based on the RF-84F's design work. Incorporating the same nose shape but with a radar inside, an enlarged centre-section capable of internally carrying a nuclear bomb, and incorporating the same wing-root intakes, the aircraft design called "Advanced Project Nº 63" (AP-63) resembled a much-enlarged RF-84.

;Teething Problems & Shattering Expectations: The F-105's Early Years

The F-105B entered service with the USAF in August of 1958. The aircraft was also snapped up by the Thunderbirds, who desired a high-speed, high performance aircraft for their team, but tragedy struck in their first live show performed with the Thud when one of their aircraft simply exploded mid-air. Contracts for low-rate initial production were awarded to Republic in 1952 and 1953 for a total of 199 aircraft, with initial delivery scheduled for 1955. However, shifting requirements for the aircraft resulted in the project being delayed and contracts being cancelled until a solid contract was signed in February 1955 for 15 aircraft. These 15 aircraft were for two "YF-105A" evaluation aircraft, three "RF-105B" reconnaissance aircraft, and ten production "F-105Bs". In a testament to the survivability of the aircraft that would be proven later in combat, the first F-105B's landing gear failed to extend during the end of its first flight due to suction that kept the gear bay doors sealed shut. The pilot had to belly in, which he did with considerable skill, and funnily enough, when he walked away from the aircraft, the Thunderchief belatedly popped its landing-gear doors open. The aircraft in question was repaired and back in the air within six weeks. The USAF Tactical Air Command (TAC) had a full squadron of Thunderchiefs in service by mid-1959. On 11 December 1959, Brigadier General Joseph Moore, commander of the 4th Tactical Fighter Wing, set a world speed record of 1,958.53 km/h (1,216 mph) over a 100 km closed course in an F-105B. The F-105D variant began to supplant and replace F-105Bs in frontline units between 1960 and 1965. During testing in June of 1961, the F-105 delivered 7 tons of bombs, the largest bombload ever carried by a single-engine fighter. In the spring of 1964, the Thunderbirds, looking for a new high-performance jet to replace their F-100As, chose the F-105B as their mount. After modifying the aircraft to suit their needs, including strengthening the airframe, the F-105 would go on to perform in only 6 airshows before being pulled out of their service in favour of F-100s. During the final airshow, in a "pitch up" manoeuvre, an F-105 piloted by Cpt. Gene Devlins simply disintegrated mid-air after entering the pitch-up, forcing the Air Force to re-evaluate the Thunderchief's use by the acrobatics team, subsequently replacing their F-105Bs with [[F-100D|F-100D Super Sabres]] once more. F-105Bs would be entirely retired by the end of 1965, and the much-improved F-105D would replace them, which also incorporated strengthened wing spars. Project ''Look Alike'' would endeavour to fix problems with the routing of wires, mechanical cables and hydraulics piping, and would be implemented in 1962-1964 on the Thunderchief fleet, just in time for their combat service in Vietnam.[[File:Thunderbirds-F105-diamond.jpg|thumb|Thud Thunderbirds: F-105Bs in diamond formation in service with the Thunderbirds during its brief stint in their service in '64.]]
[[File:F-105D in flight with bombs.jpg|thumb|An F-105D in flight over Vietnam with a full load of 750 lb bombs.]]

;Rolling into Combat: Operation Rolling Thunder & Vietnam

The F-105 would soon see active combat in the Vietnam war, where it served as the USAF's primary attack aircraft. The F-105s would eventually fly over 20,000 combat missions in Vietnam, and despite its large and unwieldy airframe, shoot down 27 Vietnamese MiGs. 24 of these aircraft were shot down using the F-105's internal Vulcan cannon.

However, F-105s in Vietnam suffered from an extremely high loss rate. The F-105 had the unfortunate distinction of being the only American aircraft to have been removed from combat due to high loss rates, being replaced in its ground attack role by the [[F-4E Phantom II|F-4]] Phantom II and F-111 Aardvark. Of 833 total F-105s produced, 382 aircraft were lost, 17 to enemy fighters, but mostly to ground anti-aircraft fire and maintenance issues. This loss rate, however, is less indicative of the aircraft's ability, but more a testament to doctrine and the aircraft's environment. The F-105 was the most-used aircraft during Operation Rolling Thunder- even more so than the F-4C that had only recently entered service. Given that the aircraft flew the most sorties, it was also the aircraft that would, naturally, take the most loss numbers. Due to the rate at which aircraft were being thrown into the Vietnamese Air Defenses, the aircraft suffered correspondingly high losses to the point that the US Air Force contemplated restarting the F-105 production line in Farmingdale, Long Island, but ultimately decided against it, as there were no export customers for the aircraft, and there were replacements just over the horizon- including the results of the TFX program, the soon-to-be-famous F-111.

Ground anti-aircraft fire was an inevitable part of flying into an air defence system. Designed to fly low and fast attack profiles, with not many provisions for high-altitude bombing, the F-105 needed to dive-bomb its targets with conventional bombs, with the pilot required to keep the target in sight of a depressible mil sight in the cockpit at all times. This resulted in pilots being forced into low, slow, and fatally predictable flight profiles when entering a bomb drop. The arc that the F-105s would fly in order to get close in to the target was an extremely easy target for Vietnamese anti-aircraft gunners. While the "Thunderstick-II" upgrade, developed in the late 60s, would allow the F-105 to bomb its targets from higher up using a set of new avionics that went in a spinal bulge (much like the [[MiG-21SMT|MiG-21SMT's]] spine fuel tank), these aircraft, mostly older D-5 and D-10 models, would never see combat, and the upgrades were deemed too costly to roll out to the entire remaining number of F-105s available, which were all soon to retire.

The most common issues were related to the F-105's J75 engine, which simply had not been designed for missions in the envelopes that the F-105s were expected to fly, burning at full military for extended periods of time without overhaul. Since the F-105 had been designed with the Tactical Nuclear Strike role in mind, with its afterburners on full in what was essentially a one-way suicide mission, it had been designed to be the fastest thing flying with a nuclear bomb inside the ventral bomb bay. The J75 had not been designed with long operating hours in mind, since the expectation had been that it would be used a few times in combat prior to being either shot down, disposed of, or otherwise never used again. This resulted in many issues with the jet blade, including cracks in the compressor blades that turned the inside of the engine into a mess of hot metal where the fragmenting blades would shatter, spreading fragments backwards into the engine as they went, causing what appeared to the pilot as a mere engine fire, but was only the precursor to a violent explosion when the fragmenting blades set fire to the initially completely unprotected fuel tanks.

The fuel tanks had been another oversight in the F-105's design- the initial flight profile of low-altitude tactical nuclear strike did not have high projected survivability rates, and for the sake of speed and also the fact that the F-105 wasn't likely to return anyway, the aircraft's massive fuselage fuel tanks, arranged above the engine and bomb bay, were not self sealing. Many flak and SAM losses due to fires stemmed from the punctured fuel tanks leaking fuel all over the hot J75 engine, resulting in the aircraft burning down in flight. Upgrades to the fuel tank, including the addition of self-sealing liners, managed to somewhat rectify the issue, but never completely- no upgrade save for a complete redesign or an entirely new design would solve the issue that the F-105's entire internal fuel load was carried in tanks that were mounted in the top of the fuselage and above the engine.

Another issue encountered was that the sudden loss of hydraulic oil pressure resulted in the tailplane locking into a "pitch down" position, as well as losing the Stability Augmentation system, a vital component of such a large, heavy aircraft that allowed pilots to keep it under control. A switch was later added to mechanically lock the F-105's tailplane into a stable, "neutral" position, but again, this was only a partial fix- the hydraulics issue would never really be overcome throughout its service life.

;Sunset Service

Aircraft of the F-105G "Wild Weasel" suppression of enemy air defence (SEAD) variant remained in service until the end of the Vietnam war, after which they were replaced by the F-4G Wild Weasel IV. F-105s grew increasingly difficult to maintain in the 1970s, resulting in their accelerated retirement. The last F-105Ds in South-East Asia left by 1970, before Operation Linebacker began, and twin-seat F-105Fs and Gs would soldier on into the 80s before retiring. The final flight of any F-105 was by the Air Force Reserve 466th Tactical Fighter Squadron, in 1984, and afterwards, the F-105 slipped quietly into retirement. Most F-105s had their tails sliced off by guillotine to prevent their use elsewhere. 105 complete F-105 airframes are known to survive into this day, though none remain airworthy, and are mostly in the continental US, though a few remain in places like Nellis, McConnel, Kadena and Spangdahlem as monuments to when Thuds were deployed to those bases. The rest are in museums and other such places to live the rest of their lives out as retired warbirds.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-105d Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|4H9GuHPLOcs|'''The Shooting Range #283''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://www.avialogs.com/aircraft-r/republic/item/5054-f-105d-thunderchief-standard-aircraft-characteristics-16-july-1959 <nowiki>[Avialogs]</nowiki> Standard Aircraft Characteristics of the F-105D]

=== References ===

* National Air and Space Museum. (n.d.). "Republic F-105D Thunderchief". Smithsonian. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.si.edu/object/republic-f-105d-thunderchief%3Anasm_A19820064000</nowiki>
* Swopes, B. (2021, August 10). "10 August 1961". This Day in Aviation. Retrieved December 24, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.thisdayinaviation.com/10-august-1961/</nowiki>

{{AirManufacturer Republic}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

J-7E

2024-05-17T02:33:35Z

U40820515: /* Details */

{{About
| about = Chinese jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other MiG-21 versions
| link = MiG-21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=j_7e
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=Cockpit_j_7e.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The J-7E (Chinese: 歼-7E型歼击机; unified NATO codename: Fishcan) is a heavily-modified model of the MiG-21 series and one of the current support fighters of the PLAAF. The design of a double-delta J-7 was demanded not only by foreign customers, but also by the PLAAF themselves, where the jet would be the replacement of the bulk of J-6s in PLAAF service by late 1980s, as well as a way to earn foreign exchanges to fund the Project No.10 (J-10). Although being quite obsolete in today's standards, the jet is still rather cheap to operate and equipped with relatively advanced IR AAMs to deliver sudden strikes on foes, as well as a makeshift "lead-in" trainer for pilots before they operate newer jets.

Introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]], the J-7E offers a very different way to upgrade a [[MiG-21 (Family)|Fishbed]] from the Soviet approach - not only does it have a more powerful engine and additional fuel, it also comes with the iconic double-delta wing with slats, making it a formidable competitor in terms of overall manoeuvrability and especially at lower speeds, which no Soviet Fishbed can ever offer. With its newer PL-5B missile and large countermeasure capacity, the J-7E can prove its abilities over its competitors and use its amazing manoeuvrability to dominate close-quarters engagements in the hands of a good pilot even facing more competent foes.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The J-7E's airframe looks similar to the [[J-7II]] aside from the double delta wings, having a small nose and a thin fuselage spine like the early [[MiG-21F-13]] the J-7II was developed from. This contrasts with the Soviet MiG-21s, where from the [[MiG-21PFM]] onward, the noses and fuselage spines were enlarged to house search radars and hold additional fuel, respectively. To compensate for the increased weight and aerodynamic penalties, Soviet designers installed increasingly powerful engines. Even though the J-7E's new WP-13F (reverse engineered R-13-300 with some newer technologies) engine lags behind the [[MiG-21SMT]] and [[MiG-21bis]]'s engines in terms of maximum thrust, the J-7E actually weighs less than the [[MiG-21MF (Germany)|MiG-21MF]] and can make the most of its engine power. The acceleration and climb are not on the level of the legendary MiG-21bis but still competitive for a top rank fighter.

Thanks to the new engine and the slat-equipped double-delta wings, the J-7E has one of the most impressive manoeuvrability among all the current top-tier aircraft. The turn time is a whopping 29 seconds even when stock in RB, leaving most its competitors (other than F-5 family) behind by at least 3 seconds. Low-speed manoeuvrability and high-speed energy retention are greatly improved, addressing long-standing issues with the Fishbed family and presenting a pleasant surprise to new pilots. It is possible to make sustained high-G turns at above 1,000 km/h IAS without losing much airspeed at all and maintain good nose authority during spiral climbs or dogfights at near-stall speeds. The slats still work at 900 km/h, which helps with gun snapshots or missile leading at high speeds. The wing loading is lower than most contemporaries other than the [[J35D]] and [[Mirage IIIC]], which feature full tailless delta wings. The J-7E is very solid in close combat and can compete with Mirages and F-5s while dancing around heavier aircraft like [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|Phantoms]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 12,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,313 || 2,284 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.5 || 25.0 || 153.3 || 144.7 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,458 || 2,387 || 23.5 || 24.0 || 209.1 || 180.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || 665 || 450 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 600 || < 790 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Shenyang Liming WP-13F || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,712 kg || colspan="2" | 310 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel
|-
| 1,200 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 6,306 kg || 7,176 kg || 7,692 kg || 9,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,100 kgf || 6,666 kgf
| 1.06 || 0.93 || 0.87 || 0.70
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,100 kgf (0 km/h) || 7,132 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.13 || 0.99 || 0.93 || 0.75
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The J-7E comes with a 10 mm plate behind pilot's head and a 16 mm plate behind the ejection seat. While it doesn't prove to be much of a concern of cannons, it does help to stop some smaller-calibre gunfire. There is also a 60 mm windshield that is durable enough to take some shots than all the remaining part of the aircraft. The armour still doesn't count for much considering that top-tier aircraft primarily rely on missiles and tend to have very powerful guns, so avoid being hit.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 30-1 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 30 mm Type 30-1 cannon, belly-mounted (60 rpg)
* 72 x countermeasures

Because the addition of a new fuel tank to the lower left side of the aircraft and compensation for the weight of newer missiles, unlike its predecessor, the J-7E has only a single Type 30-1 cannon on the starboard side. It does have good ballistics and firepower (a few hits will rip apart most aircraft), but for pilots without good aiming skills the stingy 60-round ammo capacity will be very painful. Experienced pilots may prefer it over the 23 mm cannon used by most Soviet Fishbeds due to its accuracy and stopping power. In SB, the J-7E comes with a HUD and the ranging radar is linked to it, making it somewhat useful to track down enemies and gun them down with a bit more precision. However, pilots do need to compensate the offset of the starboard gun and aim a bit towards the left when shooting at closer ranges.

Belt selection is largely up to personal taste but the "Armoured Targets" belt is generally the most consistent, often dealing hefty kinetic damage to enemy aircraft. The APHE rounds have decent penetration but it is not advised to use the gun against ground targets in mixed battles; they can be effective against thinly armoured targets, but the limited ammunition should be reserved for aircraft and going on gun runs is very dangerous against top-tier SPAA vehicles.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="11%" | 1 !! width="11%" | 2 !! width="11%" | 3 !! width="11%" | 4
| rowspan="9" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[250-3 (250 kg)|250 kg 250-3]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[250-4 (250 kg)|250 kg 250-4]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[500-3 (500 kg)|500 kg 500-3]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[500-4 (500 kg)|500 kg 500-4]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Type 90-1]] rockets
| 7 || 7 || 7 || 7
|-
! [[Type 130-2]] rockets
| 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
! [[PL-2]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[PL-5B]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x PL-5B missiles
* 4 x PL-2 missiles
* 4 x PL-5B missiles
* 16 x Type 130-2 rockets
* 28 x Type 90-1 rockets
* 4 x 250 kg 250-3 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg 250-4 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg 500-3 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg 500-4 bombs (1,000 kg total)
{{Navigation-End}}

The J-7E has a lot of ordnance options to choose from. The PL-5B is the first competitive missile available to any PLAAF fighter in War Thunder and is a strong selling point of the J-7E compared to its predecessors. It has a 30 G overload, a wide acquisition radius, and strong acceleration, making it one of the most effective rear-aspect missiles in War Thunder. The absence of launch limiter on the PL-5B means that you can fire as soon as the target is within the acquisition radius. The J-7E lacks any radar-guided or all-aspect missiles and cannot surprise targets in head-on engagements.

The J-7E's ordnance improvements are not limited to air-to-air combat. For ground attack, it has access to 250 kg and 500 kg bombs like the J-7II, but it now uses much improved Type 90-1 and Type 130-2 rockets as seen on the [[Q-5A]] instead of the weak 57 mm HF-5 rockets. The 90 mm Type 90-1 rockets are equivalents of the US FFAR rockets and nothing special. The 130 mm Type 130-2 rockets have HE warheads and direct impacts will easily dispatch light tanks and SPAAs. Against top-tier MBTs, accurate hits to the turret and hull roof armour will work the best, as side impacts can be inconsistent. The J-7E's ballistic computer makes it much easier to aim the rockets accurately.

The J-7E can also carry 250 kg and 500 kg bombs. The ballistic computer's CCIP and CCRP functionality allows them to be used to good effect in mixed battles in the absence of enemy air defense.

== Usage in battles ==


The J-7E is something like a hybrid between a MiG-21 and an F-5 in terms of flight performance and role. It obviously is an evolution of the Fishbed and enjoys many of the MiG-21's strengths in top speed, acceleration, and climb. At the same time, the new design corrects many of the MiG-21's vices and it ends up being a very nimble dogfighter that can turn well and maintain its energy like an F-5. This gives it flexibility in terms of how to approach combat. At the beginning of a match, the J-7E can sideclimb and make its way to medium or high altitude, then cruise into battle at supersonic speeds. Distracted targets at similar altitudes are prime missile targets. When it is time to join the furballs below, the J-7E can swoop in on vulnerable targets and put its agility to use.

Gunning straight into battle at lower altitudes from the start of a match, which is customary for Fishbeds, is also an option. Start to "patrol" for anyone who is possibly in their tunnel vision (where a person has only a little FOV due to his speed), then go ahead and assault them with your powerful PL-5B AAMs. They can make short work of the enemies with their 30G overload and excellent acceleration. If you only have PL-2s, which are barely better than no missiles, or even worse, only the cannon left, be very cautious on when should you fire a burst or launch the missiles. If you wasted the chance, pilots could meet their demise pretty quick if your team is on the disadvantage. And it should be reminded that unless really necessary or it is one-on-one dual with your enemy, in most cases do not dogfight for very long times to avoid presenting a slow and easy target for outside enemies to pick off. But if you have to, bleed the opponent's energy as much as you could: your higher thrust-to-weight ratio and double-delta shine here, assisting in getting on the enemy's six and staying there.

The new PL-5B introduced to the PLAAF arsenal can on paper pull 30G upon its targets, which makes it extremely efficient when dueling with enemies who are not paying enough attention. But all this come at a price: you only have the starboard Type 30-1 cannon as the last ditch weapon, and thus you have only 60 rounds just like the original [[MiG-21F-13]]. Players who have experience with the [[J-6A]] and [[J-7II]] should have a good idea of the cannon's ballistics, but the off-center placement may take some getting used to. In this case, pilots should pick enemies who have recently manoeuvred, then go straight upon them and aim a bit to the left to compensate the gun's placement; a burst from 30 mm can tear down anything that flies with some precision.

Countermeasures and a radar warning receiver allow the J-7E to have good defensive capabilities, but the aircraft only has a ranging radar instead of a proper search radar. This means that the RWR is the primary source of information on enemy positions besides the in-game spotting mechanic. Remember that some aircraft like the [[F-5C]] do not have a radar at all and those that do can still turn their radar search off to preserve stealth. The J-7E does not have any radar guided missiles and the primitive radar is not relevant during active combat.

=== Enemies worth noting ===

* [[F-5E|F-5]] series: F-5s are always a tough enemy to deal with due to its smaller size and above average manoeuvrability, making him the arch-enemy of J-7E. But thanks to your overall higher thrust-to-weight ratio and double-delta, you can still do some dogfight with him but be caution with your next step: one small wrong move can mean your quick demise. The best solution to handle F-5s are your PL-5Bs, if they are careless enough, they will not have the chance to fly back to the airfield since they have already been shattered by the explosive mass of the missile. If missile is not an option, keep as fast as you could and leave the airspace for another attack run; only hitting him when the tides of battle really allows you to do so.

* [[Mirage IIIE|Mirage III]] series: they have the infamous [[Matra R550 Magic 1|Magic R.550]] and [[Matra R530]] at their disposal and these missiles can send anything that flies back to the hangar with ease. Their high angle of attack also worth mentioning since they can still sacrifice some more speed in the short run and hit you with the cannons. In this case, keep your speed, try to bleed their energy and avoid their Magics with flares, without them, the J-7E with its higher acceleration and energy retention can duel the Mirage III with relative ease.

* [[J35D]]: Currently the only other fighter in War Thunder with a double-delta wing, the Draken has incredibly low wing loading, a good thrust-to-weight ratio, and powerful RB24J missiles that are functionally identical to AIM-9Js. Its missiles are not quite as potent as the Magics used by the Mirages, but the plane can pull off some very impressive manoeuvres, so be cautious when dogfighting with a Draken for the first few turns and be prepared to drop flares if necessary. The Draken's design is a double edged sword however, because the entire aircraft being a lifting body means that it acts like an enormous airbrake during hard turns, losing immense speed. The tailed double-delta configuration of the J-7E is more balanced and its superior energy retention will give a careful pilot the upper hand in an extended engagement. The J35D also lacks flares, is a large target, and has an even more awkward gun placement than the J-7E, so it's not particularly threatening when its speed is gone.

* [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4 Phantoms]]: Other than the [[F-4C]]: All top-tier Phantoms are large, bulky planes that will suffer heavily in a dogfight with the J-7E, but they are fast and may be able to outrun the J-7E and other Fishbeds at low altitude courtesy of their higher rip speeds (less so for the FGR/FG if they are carrying gun pods). Careful Phantom pilots will maintain their energy and repeatedly sling missiles at the J-7E while avoiding dogfights, and they also carry plenty of flares to avoid return fire from PL-5Bs. The British Phantoms boast pulse-doppler radars that can guide AIM-7 Sparrows against ground clutter while staying at high altitude. The J-7E has a radar warning receiver and an impressive supply of countermeasures for a light fighter, so long range Sparrow shots can be detected and evaded, but such launches are still annoying to deal with and can wear down the J-7E. Coordinate with teammates, trash their Sparrow shots to force them to switch to short-range IR missiles, and bait them into close quarters engagements where the J-7E excels. The German [[F-4F]] lacks radar-guided missiles despite being otherwise modern, so it is less of a threat.

* [[JA37C|JA37C Viggen]]: Another very iconic jet from Sweden and it is among the most advanced and manoeuvrable jets; the first mass-produced jet that ever comes with a canard. With one of the highest climb rate thanks to its aerodynamic design and powerful engine, as well as an advanced radar with look-down capabilities, this jet among with Phantoms are tough targets to engage. So a good way to avoid quick demise from their Skyflash missiles is to stay as low as you could, where its radar couldn't detect with ease, and try to take a detour behind the enemy lines where they will be concentrated on your teammates, then strike them when they are unaware of it. If that is not the case and you have gone into a dogfight with it, do not head-on as you are a piece of cake to Skyflash. Keep also your speed and manoeuvres in check, bite on its tail as much as you can, since there's a risk for the J-7E to overshoot and get shot by the Viggen's 30 mm cannons.

* [[MiG-23 (Family)]]: The family of late Warsaw Pact variable-swept wing aircraft in-game, the Floggers, have a higher thrust than J-7E does and it does come with better avionics and head-on capable R-60M missiles (MiG-23M and MiG-27M) which can make short work of careless players. The R-24T on the MiG-23MLD are also worth mentioning as they have quite a long radius, are IRST-guided and won't trigger your RWR. But the good news is that in many cases, if the enemy player didn't pay enough attention to tailing J-7E, they are still easy preys to your missiles or sometimes your 30 mm cannons, with such a large airframe, hits can be achieved with ease; but do note that some experienced players will manually control the swept angle of the wings and keep in dogfight for quite a while.

* [[F-16 (Family)]] All F-16s are extremely powerful opponents and your perfect counter, having a strong PD radar and AIM-7Ms being able to destroy you easily even from long ranges without a proper care, and the AIM-9L with a high burning time and G tolerance for an IR missile
** To defeat the AIM-7M, try to estimate his position by the missile's trails and your RWR, and go on a defensive with the proper use of chaff and notching the enemy's radar to make the radar lose track and so will the missile.
** In short to medium ranges, the AIM-9L would be used, but can be easily fooled by flares, with the low heat emission of the J-7E helping as well. However, the AIM-9L can reach long ranges, and so your situational awareness has to be redoubled if an F-16 is near to make sure they don't catch you unaware.
** In dogfight scenarios, it can be very tricky to win against one decent pilot, always try to pull a F-16 to high speeds to make their controls "compress" by their fly-by-wire system and limiting the turning/rolling capacity, and always forcing a scissors in this short period of time, but never trying to do an extended rate fight in a considerable time, because that's the true advantage the F-16 has over you, and try to leave this scissors in case of disadvantage and repeating that same tactic with enough speed
** The F-16 has a radar leading computer for its M61 Vulcan cannon. As the Vulcan is already well known for a high accuracy, muzzle velocity, fire rate and damage, the leading computer turns the canon into a deadly point-and-click weapon. Try to fly more unpredictably to make it hard for the enemy to get a good aim, as well as avoid being radar-locked for the leading computer to get an aiming solution.
** The {{PAGENAME}} also has a radar gunsight, giving it the ability to lock the missile automatically at the enemy even in short ranges, and thanks to the extreme acceleration, G-tolerance and wide seeker of the PL-5B, it's possible to catch people by surprise even less than 1 km and with their reaction time being almost null.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* New engines with higher thrust and overall acceleration thanks to the lighter weight than Soviet MiG-21s
* Unique double-delta wings that gives impressive manoeuvrability and energy retention at its tier
* Multifunctional HUD and full ballistic computer functionality
* Comes with extremely advanced RWR and 72 countermeasures
* PL-5B missiles can make very short work of your enemies with their 30G overload and long boost time
* Good selection of ground attack weaponry, including powerful 130 mm rockets and 500 kg bombs

'''Cons:'''

* Single gun on starboard with only 60 rounds, very challenging to aim
* Lacks a fire-control radar and radar-guided weaponry
* No all-aspect IR missiles
* Missile capacity of 4 is below average
* Engine can be prone to overheat with extended use

== History ==

The CAC J-7 Fishbed (alternatively called a Fishcan to differentiate from the [[MiG-21 (Family)|Soviet built ones]]) has entered PLAAF service since late 1960s, but due to the political turmoil and lack of documents due to Sino-Soviet split, it was not until the mid-1970s until the [[J-7II]] had a steady pace of manufacture. The 4th major revision of this airframe, J-7IV, aka J-7E, can be traced back to the 1980s.

In the early 1980s, Mainland China had better relationships with European countries who seek to open up their military equipment market; thus during these days the older J-7II received a overhaul upgrade coded J-7B (or F-7M in foreign market) with British electronic equipment provided by GEC Marconi; while at the same time Chinese got their hands on a few [[MiG-21MF (Germany)|MiG-21MF]] from Egypt for upgrading the PLAAF fleet with a faster and radar-equipped aircraft, which later became the J-7C/D. They however failed to meet PLAAF's requirements on low speed dogfight doctrine and only a mere 54 aircraft were manufactured, though they were impressed by the R-13-300 engines on them and thus it became the Shenyang Liming WP-13 engine.

Although all these must be supported with a higher military budget (which wasn't available in the 1980s due to the economic reform) and during the late 1980s, most of the budget went to the later J-10 "Firebird"; while there were the mass of the older Shenyang [[J-6A|J-6]] fleet that needed replacement and PLAAF was in dire need for a fighter that came with ground-attacking capabilities (even the Shenyang J-8II was among the modified aircraft), so the CAC (Chengdu Aircraft Corp.) decided to made an upgrade on J-7 based on the opinion from foreign users, especially in terms of manoeuvrability .

Thus, the J-7IV (that later became the J-7E) program started in 1987 and by May 1991, it made its first flight and 2 years later it came into PLAAF commission.

The main improvement was the manoeuvrability, with the new WP-13 engine and the iconic double-delta designed by Northwestern Polytechnical University (西北工业大学 in Xi'an, Shaanxi) with a slat that can be lowered to 25° (and in fact the first PRC fighter with slats) that really helped its manoeuvrability - in a PLAAF's exercise in 1993, it was concluded that it was 43% better than older J-7II, as well as longer range with additional fuel tanks at the cost of giving up the port side cannon due to decreasing usage of cannons. Other improvements included additional pair of pylon, domestic avionics with a HUD, as well as some of the cockpit gauges were digital.

These 260 J-7Es built from 1994 to 2001 became the gap filler for PLAAF in the struggling days during the heat of 2nd Taiwan Strait Crisis; in 2006, based on the later F-7PG that came with an Italian radar (later domestic radar); the ultimate Fishbed of Mainland China- the J-7G came into service, with HMDs and latest avionics. Both serving as a supplementary jets to frontline airfields and cheaper solution to fill the gap until newer J-10C and J-11 series replace them.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=j_7e Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|uPiZbwP0IUA|'''My Definite Favourite - J-7E Red Skies''' - ''DEFYN''|yQfhODlSmJo|'''The Shooting Range #257''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:27 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|cSY9Dymym9A|'''The Most Underrated Plane Of Patch 2.7: J-7E''' - ''Spit_flyer''}}

== See also ==


;[[MiG-21 (Family)|Related development]]

* [[J-7II]]
* [[J-7D]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/526070-chengdu-j-7e/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Chengdu}}
{{China jet aircraft}}

USS Newport News

2024-04-28T05:58:38Z

U40820515: /* Secondary armament */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_des_moines_class_newport_news
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=id50208_uss_newport_news_usa
}}

== Description ==

The {{PAGENAME}} was the final [[Des Moines (Family)|Des Moines class]] to be completed. Laid down in November 1945 and commissioned in January 1949, she would go on to be the only ship of her class to continue in service past the early '60s. This would notably include serving as the flagship of the Atlantic fleet during the Cuban Missile Crisis, where she would also assist with counting the missiles once the crisis abated. She would go on to serve extensively during the Vietnam War and was eventually decommissioned in 1975.

'''{{Specs|name}}''' was introduced during [[Update "Apex Predators"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8021-event-winter-quest-en|2022 Winter Quest]] event. Compared to her sister ship [[USS Des Moines]], she's in her 1962 refit, which stripped out much of her anti-aircraft firepower. While this does mean that she isn't nearly as capable against aircraft with her two double {{Annotation|3-inch|76 mm}} autocannon mounts, she also has the same crew count, so she is much more capable of taking sustained fire from smaller vessels, as there's less crew exposed on deck for small calibre shells to knock out. With her quick fire rate of 6 seconds for the main battery, Newport News is capable of brawling with any ship smaller than a battlecruiser, and can even punch above her weight class provided the range is close enough.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Newport News, as a member of the [[Des Moines (Family)|Des Moines class]], has a broadly similar armour layout to the [[Baltimore (Family)|Baltimore class]] developed earlier in the war. This includes extending the main armour belt to provide protection for the forward magazines, vastly improving the protection underneath the forward turrets from {{Annotation|0.75 inches|19.05 mm}} to {{Annotation|5.8 inches|147.32 mm}} of armour. The belt overall is slightly thinner as the [[Baltimore (Family)|Baltimore class]] has a {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} belt, but the extra coverage provided for the Newport News is a welcome addition. The fore and aft of the citadel are protected by {{Annotation|4.8 inches|121.92 mm}} of bulkhead armour, with thinner {{Annotation|0.75-inch|19.05 mm}} bulkheads interspersed throughout the citadel. The decks above the citadel are protected by {{Annotation|1-inch|25.4 mm}} of anti-fragmentation armour, the same found on earlier destroyers in the US tree. Lower in the ship is a {{Annotation|3.4-inch|86.36 mm}} deck armour plate to deal with heavier incoming fire from longer ranges as well, this will protect against most cruiser calibre fire.

Her main battery turrets are well protected, with {{Annotation|8 inches|203.2 mm}} of armour on the turret face, angled at degrees to provide extra protection. This renders the turret face essentially impervious to any cruiser or destroyer fire, so long as it is facing within approximately 20 degrees of the enemy. This is not the case for the turret sides, with only {{Annotation|3.75 inches|95.25 mm}} of armour; this can be penetrated by all cruiser calibre and many destroyer calibre guns at close range. The roof is better protected to defeat plunging fire, with {{Annotation|4 inches|101.6 mm}} of armour. The barbettes have less armour, with {{Annotation|6.1 inches|154.94 mm}} of protection. These lead into the magazines, and the second turret magazine in particular. It is placed in an exposed position above the waterline unlike the Baltimores, so every precaution should be taken to avoid taking fire to this section.

Similar to other American cruisers, she lacks any form of torpedo bulges, instead relying on fuel tanks along the hull. These cover the entirety of the hull between the turrets, and can absorb some smaller torpedoes, though most will easily punch through. Captains should watch out for torpedo attacks at all times. If taking a hit is inevitable, try to manoeuvre the ship so that it takes the hit as close to the bow as possible, as the bow is mostly empty space and Newport News can survive a hit here with just some flooding. Any hits below the turrets, especially the second, should be avoided at all costs.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

With a flank speed of {{Annotation|33 kn|61 km/h, 38 mph}}, USS Newport News sits firmly in the middle of the pack for American cruisers; this speed allowed the [[Des Moines (Family)|Des Moines class]] to keep up with the existing cruisers, along with the carriers and Iowa-class battleships. This speed places her slightly ahead of the [[Brooklyn (Family)|Brooklyn class]], and captains shouldn't have any issues making it to capture zones and other key locations. This speed falls to {{Annotation|23 kn|43 km/h, 27 mph}} in a turn, which although leaving her as an easier target, is still faster than the Standard-type battleships' flank speeds.

The rudder takes around 2 seconds to induce movement to the ship, and while USS Newport News is relatively responsive, at 20,950 tons there is a lot of momentum behind her movements. Newport News is relatively manoeuvrable for a heavy cruiser, but captains should still be wary when traversing narrow passages as she is unable to make many of the turns that a destroyer or light cruiser could make.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|8 inch/55 Mark 16 (203 mm)}}

USS Newport News has [[8 inch/55 Mark 16 (203 mm)]] main guns. These are fundamentally the same gun barrels as those on the Baltimore-class heavy cruisers, but now boast a much higher rate of fire (10 rpm with max level crew vs 4 rpm of its predecessors), thanks to an automatic loading mechanism. This provides USS Newport News formidable firepower and makes her a serious threat to enemy cruisers and even some capital ships at close range, though don't get cocky because they can still blast you out of the water as easily as any other cruiser when they turn their guns on you.

Being the same armaments as the Baltimore-class, the guns also have similar shell choices:

* The stock common SAP shells have very poor penetration statistics and explosive filler for their calibre. Featuring even worse penetration than some {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} or even {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} guns. The shell still have some niche use against destroyers and can certainly threaten other cruisers at close range. But they are completely useless against capital ships and anything smaller beyond 8 km range.

* The HE shell is reasonably effective, the 9.5 kg of filler capable of harassing deck mounts, setting fires and poking holes in enemy hulls, but it won't do well against ships with capable armouring and anti-fragmentation protection.

* The "super-heavy" APCBC shell features an average penetration and filler for {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} guns. It is noticeably heavier than an average {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} shell and has a slower muzzle velocity, intended to make it able to punch through relatively thin deck armour with its high ballistic trajectory, though this doesn't really work in practice. That being said, it's not a bad shell for using on major warships and the fast fire rate makes it fearsome in that regard.

The USS Newport News still carries the same amount of main battery ammunition as the Baltimore-class heavy cruisers, which have substantially lower rates of fire. Captains will need to allocate their ammo types carefully and keep an eye out on the ammo count during battle, or they might find themselves out of shells in the middle of a firefight.

{{:8 inch/55 Mark 16 (203 mm)/Ammunition|8 inch Mk.14 Common, 8 inch Mk.21 APCBC, 8 inch Mk.25 HC, 8 inch Mk.17 SP Common}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

USS Newport News comes equipped with 6 dual {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 calibre guns. These are arranged with 4 in the wings and 2 mounted amidships, giving a broadside of 8 {{Annotation|5-inchers|127 mm}}. This gives the firepower of a destroyer strapped to the side of the Newport News, in addition to the main battery. The {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 calibre is a dual purpose gun, with both competent common shells for use against lightly armoured ships and {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-Explosive Variable-Timed}} shells with a proximity fuse; these are extremely effective against enemy aircraft. When combined with the radar lead indicator, planes flying in a predicable course can very easily be destroyed well outside their minimum engagement range. Manual control of the secondary battery is recommended but not required, as the anti-aircraft battery for USS Newport News is rather light in the 1972 refit. In most cases the gunners are still capable of protecting the ship, but captains should take appropriate caution.

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|3 inch Mk.33 (76 mm)}}

USS Newport News is in her 1962 state, after modifications to be a fleet flagship. The installation of flagship facilities required removal of most of her 3-inch AA guns, leaving only one dual mount on each side of the bridge. As a result, USS Newport News relies mostly on her secondary 5" guns for air defense. That said, these 3" guns, firing VT-fused HE shells by default, are powerful in their own right, and can be a last resort defense against aircraft and small boats.

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Well-armoured and resistant against small-to-medium calibre fire
* Excellent crew distribution, At least 30% crew is allocated among citadel machineries
* Formidable firepower, The {{Annotation|8 inch|203 mm}}/55 Mark 16 guns can fire 10 rounds per minute
* Has air search and tracking radars
* Strong long-medium range AA with the numerous 127 mm secondaries
* Has two fire control rooms and 10 fire directors for both main battery group and auxiliary battery group

'''Cons:'''

* Very large and heavy, hampering the overall mobility and makes the ship easily spotted and targeted by any enemies
* Extremely fragile against battleships and battlecruisers. 305 mm and above calibre guns can overmatch the bulkhead and pierce the athwartship armour fairly easily
* The magazine of her second turret is above waterline
* Terrible stock SAP shell, forcing the ship to get close to the enemy to deal damage
* Limited light AA capability. Only two dual-mount 76 mm guns for AA; one for each side of the ship
* Relatively low ammo capacity. 1,350 rounds only support 15 mins of non-stop fighting with maximum crew

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_des_moines_class_newport_news Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos

{{Youtube-gallery|9ktYK1n93L4|'''USS Newport News (CA-148) - Des Moines-class Heavy Cruiser - History & Guide''' - ''Cmdr. Tyrael''}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[USS Des Moines]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7991-development-winter-event-uss-newport-news-ca-148-en|[Devblog] Winter Event: USS Newport News (CA-148)]]

{{ShipManufacturer Newport News}}
{{USA heavy cruisers}}

HMS Orion

2024-02-20T01:10:41Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_battleship_orion
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', as the lead ship of her class of 4 was laid down in November 1909. Launched in August 1910 and commissioned in January 1912, she and her class would feature the new {{Annotation|13.5-inch|343 mm}} gun. This along with their thicker armour would lead to them being colloquially referred to as "super-dreadnoughts". Despite this and despite being active for the entirety of the First World War, she would see relatively little combat. Seeing action in the infamous Battle of Jutland and the Action if the 19th of August, the vast majority of her career during the war was simply routine patrols and training. Following the end of the war, Orion would serve as a gunnery training ship for about a year before being sold for scrap in 1922.

Introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]], HMS Orion follows [[HMS Dreadnought]] in the Bluewater fleet. Compared to Deadnought, she features heavier armour and more powerful guns at {{Annotation|13.5-inch|343 mm}} compared to the {{Annotation|12-inch|305 mm}} battery of Dreadnought. Notably, she maintains the same top speed despite the increase in capability. Unlike Dreadnought though, HMS Orion comes in a 1914 refit, meaning she lacks even the paltry pair of {{Annotation|3-inch|76 mm}} anti-aircraft guns. This means aircraft have essentially free reign over the Orion, and is a very noticeable weakness.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|13.5 inch/45 Mark 5(L) (343 mm)}}
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:13.5 inch/45 Mark 5(L) (343 mm)/Ammunition|13.5 inch HE, 13.5 inch APC Mk.IIa, 13.5 inch CPBC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|4 inch/50 BL Mark VII (102 mm)}}
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:4 inch/50 BL Mark VII (102 mm)/Ammunition|4 inch HE, 4 inch CPC}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.IV (533 mm)}}
''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer Portsmouth}}
{{Britain battleships}}

USS Mississippi

2024-02-20T00:47:46Z

U40820515: /* Survivability and armour */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_battleship_mississippi
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|GarageImage_USS_Mississippi_(BB-41).png}}
|market=id50250_uss_mississippi_usa
}}

== Description ==

'''{{Specs|name}}''' was the second of three New Mexico-class ships. The New Mexicos would be overall similar to the preceding Pennsylvania-class, with the notable addition of longer barreled 50-calibre guns and a new turbo-electric drive. Laid down in April 1915, Mississippi would be commissioned in December 1917; this would leave her crew training during the remainder of the First World War, seeing no action in this conflict. She would be modernized during the interwar period, giving her more powerful engines which increased her top speed past the typical {{Annotation|21.0 kn|39 km/h;24.2 mph}} found on Standard-type battleships. USS Mississippi would see extensive action throughout WW2, with her first notable action taking place in the Aleutians. She would go on to participate in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, before moving on the Peleliu and later the Philippines. She would take part in the Battle of Surigao Strait, however with her older radar she would have significant difficulty acquiring targets, firing only one salvo during the engagement, after the order was given to cease fire. However, this gives her the distinction of being the last battleship to fire on another battleship, ever. She would then continue supporting operations in the Philippines before moving to shell Okinawa, taking multiple kamikaze hits during this timeframe. She would be present in Tokyo Bay for the signing of Japanese surrender. Postwar, she would be converted first into a gunnery training ship, and then into a test ship for new weapons, notably testing the US Navy's first ship-to-air missile. She would serve in this capacity until being decommissioned and sold for scrap in 1956, being broken up in 1957.

USS Mississippi was introduced as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8644-event-winter-extreme-earn-yourself-rewards-this-festive-season-en|2023 Winter Extreme event]], the first rank 6 event ship. Compared to earlier battleships such as the [[USS Nevada]] or [[USS Arizona]] she is slightly faster with a similar armour scheme, and she is also the first USN Battleship in War Thunder with the long barreled {{Annotation|14-inch|356 mm}} gun, giving her greater penetration as well. This does come with the downside of only having the earlier {{Annotation|5-inch 25 calibre|127mm 25 calibre}} anti-aircraft gun instead of the later 38 calibre dual purpose guns, making her less effective against lightly armoured ships such as light cruisers and destroyers. Overall a solid battleship focused more on capability against other capital ships, with strong anti-aircraft ability as well.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The USS Mississippi, like other American battleships was designed to be able to resist her own {{Annotation|14-inch|356 mm}} guns at expected battle ranges. Her main armour belt of {{Annotation|13.5 inches|343 mm}} is one of the thickest in-game, the same as the earlier [[USS Arizona]]. Expected battle ranges when designed were at or exceeding 9 km, which is more than is typical in War Thunder. The armour will be strong, but captains are still recommended to angle when facing powerful ships such as the [[HMS Hood]]. The belt gets progressively thinner the further underwater it is, from {{Annotation|13.5 inches|343 mm}} above the waterline, to {{Annotation|11 inches|281 mm}} a little under the waterline and then {{Annotation|8 inches|203 mm}} below that, before dropping to {{Annotation|1.5 inches|38.1 mm}} down to the fuel tanks.

In her 1945 refit, USS Mississippi therefore has underwater torpedo bulges which can defeat warheads of up to 250 kg TNT equivalent. This will completely defeat American torpedoes such as the [[Mk.15 (533 mm)|Mk.15]] and soften the blow from heavier torpedoes such as the [[G7a (533 mm)|G7a]], but hits from the Japanese [[Type 93 Model 3 (610 mm)|Type 93]] torpedo will typically result in either critical damage or a lost ship. Great care should be taken when facing Japanese Cruisers or Destroyers.

Tied with the [[USS Arizona]], the turrets are some of the most well-armoured turrets in the game, with angled {{Annotation|18-inch|457.2 mm}} plates on the turret faces, {{Annotation|9 inches|228.6 mm}} on the sides and slightly thinner {{Annotation|12.6-inch|320 mm}} armour on the barbettes. With that said, the turret roofs still only have a relatively thin {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} of armour; this typically won't be an issue but at extremely long range heavy calibre shells could potentially arc into the top of the turret instead of the mantlet, posing a potential weakspot. The citadel deck armour is much improved over the earlier Arizona, with the main armoured deck sitting at {{Annotation|5.5 inches|139.7 mm}} to trigger the fuze of any incoming arcing shells and a secondary {{Annotation|2.75-inch|69.85 mm}} plate beneath to catch any splinters before they reach the magazine.

Speaking of, USS Mississippi's magazines have rather poor placement, having the triple threat of being near the hull, at the water surface level and additionally having the shell rooms positioned directly above. Any hits to the shell rooms or at the waterline are prone to magazine detonation, immediately dispatching the ship. Captains should be extremely wary and attempt to avoid any hits to this area, especially by

Mississippi utilizes the "all or nothing" armour scheme. This armour philosophy brings the maximum armour to bear where it is needed, for example, the citadel. This is perfect for fighting enemy capital ships at range, as {{Annotation|AP|Armour-Piercing}} shells will pass through areas without armour without fusing, and allows for thicker armour over vital sections of the ship. However, keep in mind that this also makes the unprotected areas of the ship vulnerable to taking damage from smaller ships. These components may not be vital, but some crew still resides in these areas and constant repairing will still bleed Mississippi of crew. Therefore it is recommended to avoid repairing non-critical components whenever possible, as this will quickly drain the reserves of uninjured crewmen.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|14 inch/50 Mk.11 (356 mm)}}
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:14 inch/50 Mk.11 (356 mm)/Ammunition|14 inch Mk.19 HC, 14 inch Mk.16 APCBC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)}}
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch Mk.36 AAC, 5 inch Mk.28 AAC-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (40 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mark 24 (20 mm)}}
''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Incredible survivability due to thick armour belt covered the entire citadel and huge crew count
* All of the crew compartments are located deep below the deck, thus making them practically immune to HE blasts
* Twelve 14-inch guns with high-power APCBC shells
* Heavy anti-air armaments at all ranges
* Has an access to air search radar

'''Cons:'''

* Weak default shell for both the main and secondary guns, thus greatly limiting its damage output
* Incredibly slow top speed and poor maneuverability, extremely vulnerable to large bombs and torpedoes
* The main guns have very slow rate of fire
* Poorly-protected bridge, expect it to be knocked out often
* Open-mount AA suite are highly vulnerable to explosive blasts

== History ==


Built as the second of three ''New Mexico''-Class battleships and named for the state of Mississippi, the USS Mississippi's life began when the keel was laid down at Newport News Shipbuilding in early April of 1915. During construction, the United States became entangled in the already ongoing First World War and even though she was launched before the war ended, it unfortunately never saw service. Gliding into the water carrying sponsor Camelle McBeath, the daughter of the Chairman of the Mississippi State Highway Commission, on January 25th, 1917, the ship continued to be fitted out as the war in Europe raged on. After months of fitting out and preparations, the ship was finally commissioned in December of 1917 commanded by Captain Joseph L. Jaybe, himself a native of Brandon, MS and soon began the normal shakedown cruise. In early 1918, the ship began exercises along the coast of Virginia before being moved south into Cuban waters for further exercises and training. Once finished with their assignment, the ship then sailed north to Hampton Roads in April of that year where it stayed along the East Coast until the final months of the First World War. Now that the conflict in Europe was finished, the ship began winter exercises in the Caribbean until receiving orders to sail west to join the Pacific Fleet based in San Pedro, CA.

With the departure from the East Coast in July 1919 and eventual joining of the fleet, the ship spent the next four years sailing along the West Coast and in March 1923 took part in a live fire exercise where it sank the recently withdrawn pre-dreadnought USS Iowa (BB-4). However, the good times could not last and in June of 1924 the Mississippi experienced an explosion located in the number 2 turret, the result of which killed 48 men of the ship’s crew. After receiving repairs, the Mississippi joined several other ships taking part in war games off the coast of Hawaii. After a goodwill cruise to New Zealand and Australia, the ship was ordered east in 1931 to the Norfolk Navy Yard to receive extensive modernization, seeing changes to the superstructure and secondary armament which eventually was complete in mid 1933. The USS Mississippi continued active service and began training exercises until in October of 1934 when she was again ordered to join the Pacific Fleet in San Pedro, where it remained until the middle of 1941. The ship was sent to Norfolk on June 16th to start preparations for Neutrality Patrol service operating in the North Atlantic. During this time, the Mississippi escorted American convoys bound for Iceland where the ship stayed until on December 7th, 1941, the Japanese attacked the naval base at Pearl Harbor and sent United States into war not only with Japan but as well as in Europe. With this development, the Mississippi left Iceland and steamed towards the West Coast once again, arriving in San Francisco on the 22nd of January 1942 to be tasked with not only training but protection of convoys as well.

USS Mississippi began escorting convoys to Fiji in December of 1942 before eventually returning to Pearl Harbor in March of the next year. While there, the ship took part in training exercises for the upcoming operations in the Aleutian Islands to the north. Reaching their next official orders, the ship took part in the shelling of Kiska in July, which played a part in the eventual evacuation of Japanese forces in the area. After the success of the campaign, the ship briefly returned to San Francisco where an overhaul was performed prior to joining Allied forces en-route to the Gilbert Islands. While supporting troops at the Battle of Makin, tragedy struck in a familiar fashion as on November 20th, an explosion occurred inside of a turret, resulting in 43 deaths. After undergoing more repairs, the ship returned once again to duty in January of 1944, providing fire support during the invasion of Kwajalein. The next month, Mississippi took part in the bombardment of Taroa and Wotje before finally striking Kavieng on the island of New Ireland on March 15th. After being ordered to Puget Sound for an expansion of the 5” battery the ship steamed towards Palaus, aiding in the Battle of Peleliu in September. Arriving in Manus for replenishment the ship then moved towards the Philippines where it took part in bombarding Leyte in October. Some five nights later, the Mississippi took part in the Battle of Surigao Strait.

At the Battle of Surigao Strait, Mississippi would join battleships and Pearl Harbor veterans West Virginia, Maryland, Tennesse, California, and Pennsylvania. During this particular battle, Mississippi would only fire off one full salvo of twelve 14” shells. However, with this shot the Mississippi would earn the distinction of becoming the last battleship to fire upon another in history, as well as marking the end of the battle. Although the battle was over, this would not be the final usage of her cannons in the Pacific, as later the ship continued providing support throughout the Philippines, moving into support the landings at Lingayen Gulf on the islands of Luzon. Moving into the gulf to fire upon Japanese shore positions on January 6th, 1945, the ship supported the allied invasion where during this fire support the ship would receive a Kamikaze strike near the waterline. This, however, did not cause much damage as Mississippi continued to support the invasion until February 10th when it then was ordered to sail to Pearl Harbor for repairs. Once repairs had been completed, Mississippi steamed towards Okinawa, arriving off the coast on May 6th where it began an assault on Japanese shore positions. While supporting the invasion, Mississippi would take yet another hit from a Kamikaze on June 5th, but just like the previous attack it did not cause enough damage to force the ship to back out of the fight, remaining off the coast of Okinawa until the 15th. With the end of the war finally arriving in August of 1945, Mississippi was ordered to sail north towards Japan, subsequently arriving in Tokyo Bay and remaining there during the signing of the formal Japanese surrender aboard USS Missouri on September 2nd.

Even though the end of the war arrived, this did not see the end of Mississippi’s career, as on September 6th the ship steamed towards Norfolk for a new chapter of its life. Arriving on November 27th, the ship began the conversion to become an auxiliary ship and was given the number AG-128. Now operating out of Norfolk, Mississippi would take part in gunnery testing as well as weapons testing for the RIM-2 Terrier surface-to-air missile system. However, the ship was beginning to show its age and on September 17th, 1956, Mississippi was officially decommissioned in Norfolk after a nearly four-decade long career. After such a long and fruitful career which saw the ship sailing all over the world’s oceans, it was proposed that the ship be converted into a museum for future generations to enjoy in peacetime, however things unfortunately were not meant to be and on November 28th the ship was sold to Bethlehem Steel to be scrapped, finally drawing a close to the Mighty Mississippi’s long service and the vessel that fired history’s final battleship-to-battleship salvo.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_battleship_mississippi Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8642/current|[Devblog] Winter Extreme: USS Mississippi]]
* [https://www.thoughtco.com/uss-mississippi-bb-41-2361292 Hickman, Kennedy. "Battleship USS Mississippi (BB-41) in World War II]
* [https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/world-war-i-battleship-survived-long-enough-launch-missiles-193729 Farley, Robert - This World War I Battleship Survived Long Enough to Launch Missiles]
* [https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/us-navy-ships/battleships/mississippi-bb-41.html Naval History and Heritage Command - USS Mississippi (BB-41, later AG-128), 1917-1956]

{{ShipManufacturer Newport News}}
{{USA battleships}}

USS Mississippi

2024-01-27T05:45:05Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_battleship_mississippi
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=id50250_uss_mississippi_usa
}}

== Description ==

'''{{Specs|name}}''' was the second of three New Mexico-class ships. The New Mexicos would be overall similar to the preceding Pennsylvania-class, with the notable addition of longer barreled 50-calibre guns and a new turbo-electric drive. Laid down in April 1915, Mississippi would be commissioned in December 1917; this would leave her crew training during the remainder of the First World War, seeing no action in this conflict. She would be modernized during the midwar period, giving her more powerful engines which increased her top speed past the typical {{Annotation|21.0 kn|39 km/h;24.2 mph}} found on Standard-type battleships. USS Mississippi would see extensive action throughout WW2, with her first notable action taking place in the Aleutians. She would go on to participate in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, before moving on the Peleliu and later the Phillipines. She would take part in the Battle of Surigao Strait, however with her older radar she would have significant difficulty acquiring targets, firing only one salvo during the engagement, after the order was given to cease fire. However, this gives her the distinction of being the last battleship to fire on another battleship, ever. She would then continue supporting operations in the Phillipines before moving to shell Okinawa, taking multiple kamikaze hits during this timeframe. She would be present in Tokyo Bay for the signing of Japanese surrender. Postwar, she would be converted first into a gunnery training ship, and then into a test ship for new weapons, notably testing the US Navy's first ship-to-air missile. She would serve in this capacity until being decommissioned and sold for scrap in 1956, being broken up in 1957.

USS Mississippi was introduced as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8644-event-winter-extreme-earn-yourself-rewards-this-festive-season-en|2023 Winter Extreme event]], the first rank 6 event ship. Compared to earlier battleships such as the [[USS Nevada]] or [[USS Arizona]] she is slightly faster with a similar armour scheme, and she is also the first USN Battleship in War Thunder with the long barreled {{Annotation|14-inch|356 mm}} gun, giving her greater penetration as well. This does come with the downside of only having the earlier {{Annotation|5-inch 25 calibre|127mm 25 calibre}} anti-aircraft gun instead of the later 38 calibre dual purpose guns, making her less effective against lightly armoured ships such as light cruisers and destroyers. Overall a solid battleship focused more on capability against other capital ships, with strong anti-aircraft ability as well.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|14 inch/50 Mk.11 (356 mm)}}
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:14 inch/50 Mk.11 (356 mm)/Ammunition|14 inch Mk.19 HC, 14 inch Mk.16 APCBC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)}}
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch Mk.36 AAC, 5 inch Mk.28 AAC-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (40 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mark 24 (20 mm)}}
''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Incredible survivability due to thick armour belt covered the entire citadel and huge crew count
* All of the crew compartments are located deep below the deck, thus making them practically immune to HE blasts
* Twelve 14-inch guns with high-power APCBC shells
* Heavy anti-air armaments at all ranges
* Has an access to air search radar

'''Cons:'''
* Weak default shell for both the main and secondary guns, thus greatly limiting its damage output
* Incredibly slow top speed and poor maneuverability, extremely vulnerable to large bombs and torpedoes
* The main guns have very slow rate of fire
* Poorly-protected bridge, expect it to be knocked out often
* Open-mount AA suite are highly vulnerable to explosive blasts

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_battleship_mississippi Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8642/current|[Devblog] Winter Extreme: USS Mississippi]]

{{ShipManufacturer Newport News}}
{{USA battleships}}

HMS Hood

2023-12-18T07:33:15Z

U40820515:

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_battlecruiser_hood
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''HMS Hood (51), 1941''' was the first of the planned four Admiral-class battlecruisers. Ordered during World War I, her keel was notably laid down on 31 May 1916; the same day as the Battle of Jutland. Many design flaws were found in previous battlecruiser designs. This would go on to cause drastic revisions, delaying her launch until August of 1918, much longer than typical for British shipbuilding of the era. She would benefit greatly from this redesign, gaining a belt of equal strength to battleships of her era and the same battery of 8x{{Annotation|15-inch|381 mm}} guns, while still having the speed of a battlecruiser. This essentially made her the first "fast battleship" despite her battlecruiser designation. She was so powerful that during a postwar visit the US Navy would note that she could defeat any American ship except for the Colorados (the then latest US Battleship) in straight combat, and could easily outrun all American battleships while doing so. "The Mighty Hood" would be a symbol of the power of the British navy throughout the interwar period, and though scheduled for a massive overhaul this would be curtailed by the outbreak of war. She would famously be sent to intercept the infamous Bismarck on its first voyage, tragically being lost less than 5 minutes after the Bismarck opened fire to an extremely lucky magazine hit. This would galvanize the entire available Royal Navy to converge on and sink the Bismarck; its first voyage becoming the last.

Introduced in [[Update "Danger Zone"]], HMS Hood is an extremely powerful ship, the strongest battlecruiser built by the Royal Navy. Her main battery stands out with the highest penetration {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} rounds found on any ship, good armour and great speed complementing the impressive firepower. Coming in her 1941 refit, this unfortunately predates the advent of {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive variable-timed}} shells. This leaves the anti-aircraft capability lacking, though not nearly so bad as early dreadnoughts or preceding battlecruisers such as the [[HMS Invincible]]. Captains can expect Hood to perform well in all modes, but notably the speed is a major advantage for those playing Naval Enduring Confrontation.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

HMS Hood stands out from other battlecruisers in many ways, but one of the most noticeable is in her armour protection. Typically, a battlecruiser was intended to be faster, but less armoured than the battleships of their generation. Hood instead, has equivalent protection to battleships of its generation, with a {{Annotation|12-inch|304.8 mm}} belt, inclined at 13 degrees to give it equivalent protection to the {{Annotation|13 inches|330.2 mm}} of armour found on the Queen Elizabeths. That is a drastic improvement over both the preceding battlecruisers in the Royal Navy and the battlecruisers of other nations. The battlecruiser [[IJN Kongo]] for example, has a measly {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} belt in comparison. This does fall to {{Annotation|7 inches|177.8 mm}} and then {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} of armour higher on the hull, but the belt itself covers the entirety of the vitals from the foremost to sternmost turrets. The main belt will protect against all but the most powerful guns at typical battle ranges, and the lesser armoured portions of the hull don't have very many crew compartments either, leading the ship to be extremely survivable with its 1418 crew.

The turrets are also well armoured, with {{Annotation|15 inches|381 mm}} of armour on the mantlet and {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} on the forward half of the turret. The rear half has {{Annotation|11 inches|279.4 mm}} of armour on both the sides and rear, and the roof has {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} protecting from plunging fire. This will stop battleship shells at all but point-blank range. The turret barbettes are reasonably protected above the deck with {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} of armour above the deck, though this falls below the deck to {{Annotation|6-10 inches|152.4-254 mm}}. Notably, Hood doesn't have shell rooms in the barbettes like American battleships, lowering the chance of catastrophic fire when hit.

The deck also has multiple layers of armour as is typical on battlecruisers, the upper layer having {{Annotation|1.25 inches|31.75 mm}} of armour to trigger the fuses on shells and bombs, with a second, {{Annotation|0.75-inch|19.05 mm}} layer to stop the blast and splinters. Just in case a shell manages to get past these two layers there is also a third, {{Annotation|2-inch|50.8 mm}} plate above the magazines. Speaking of, the magazines are positioned well below the waterline and should be well protected from enemy fire unless your opponent has Adalbert Schneider as their gunnery officer. Hood also has torpedo protection with up to 250 kg of effectiveness, which should protect against most torpedoes, with notable exceptions like the Japanese [[Type 93 (610mm) (Family)|Long Lance]].

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The Hood is a fairly fast capital ship, capable of 57 km/h in RB, making her slightly faster than the IJN Kongo, and slightly slower than the Scharnhorst and Kronshtadt. Her acceleration is as can be expected of a ship her size, being quite poor. In addition, her 262 m long hull means she struggles to turn, has an enormous turning radius and bleeds a lot of speed while manoeuvring.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)}}

The Hood currently possesses the largest guns in the game, with eight 381 mm 15"/42 BL Mark I cannons mounted in four twin turrets, larger than those on the Bayern by 1 mm. She has two rounds available, 15 inch 4crh CPC, a SAPCBC shell, and 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC, an APCBC shell. The SAPCBC shell, while having a smaller filler than the equivalent SAP shells on the Bayern and the Japanese 356 mm, is still the strongest SAP shell in the game, solely due to its penetration. Penetrating 487 mm at point blank, it has very minimal penetration falloff, and it still penetrates 308 mm at 15 km, while the Bayern can only penetrate 170 mm at that range, while the Japanese 356 mm SAP can't even reach that penetration at 1 km. This allows the Hood to smash any battleship designed before "all or nothing" armour schemes came into wide use, as while their main belts may be able to hold up, their weaker upper belts stand no chance, and several of these SAP shells finding their way around the realms of enemy ammunition magazines will have very entertaining results. Due to the high filler, even hits to the upper hull may cause a large enough explosion to detonate ammunition several decks below.

The APCBC shell is fairly strong with ~20 kg of TNT effective filler and decent penetration statistics, making it quite handy for punching deep into the internals of an opposing capital ship and bypassing most, if not all armour that it comes across while in regular battle ranges.

{{:15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)/Ammunition|15 inch 4crh CPC, 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)}}

The Hood has the standard British secondaries of seven twin 102 mm 4"/45 Mark XVI cannons. These guns do barely any damage to cruisers or capital ships and, although the SAP shell can do work on opposing destroyers, they are most useful in the role of AA batteries. Unlike other British ships using the same gun, Hood's secondaries do not get the much superior HE-VT shell, since she was sunk before the shell was developed in reality. The time-fused shells have a habit of exploding after passing behind an aircraft rather than next to it or simply just not close enough to do damage, but it is still better to have a flak field than not.

{{:4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)/Ammunition|4 inch HE, 4 inch SAP, 4 inch HE-TF}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|2pdr QF Mk.VIII (40 mm)|Vickers Mk.V (12.7 mm)}}

Unlike the swarms of light AA guns that can be seen on other WW2-era capital ships, Hood's AA only consists of seven mounts due to the ship accidentally becoming an oversized reef before anti-air spam came in vogue. However, three of those mounts are the glorious octuple 40 mm 2pdr QF Mk.VIII, which can spew a lovely cloud of 40mm shells into the general direction of an oncoming aircraft. The other four mounts are the more lacklustre quadruple 12.7 mm Vickers Mk. V, which are essentially just there for moral support.

However, the true moral support comes in the form of five 20-barreled UP (Unrotated Projectile) rocket launchers, designed to hurl rockets which lay airborne tripwires attached to mines at enemy aircraft. While they are indicated as 'Auxiliary calibre guns' in-game, since testing proved them as useless in-game as in real life, they were unfortunately not implemented.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.IV (533 mm)}}

The Hood has twelve 533 mm Mk.IV torpedoes, the same seen on HMS Marlborough, in four launchers, two per side, near the back of the superstructure. The torpedoes are awful, slow, hard to aim, and worst of all, unlike other WW1-era ships, these launchers and their reserve torpedoes are located above the waterline in very exposed positions, meaning they are prone to explode when hit. It is not advised to take them.

== Usage in battles ==


HMS Hood, as a battlecruiser, possesses exceptional speed. However unlike other battlecruisers such as the [[HMS Invincible]] that precedes it, it does not sacrifice armour nor firepower to attain this speed. She can destroy most ships with a single well-placed salvo and is completely capable of duking it out with other capital ships as well.

;Against BCs & BBs

Whenever Hood is fighting other battlecruisers or battleships, the recommended shell for most situations differs from most other capital ships. At typical ranges in arcade and realistic battles, the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} shells will typically be able to penetrate the belt of many battleships. The {{Annotation|15-inch|381 mm}} {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} actually has more penetration that many early battleships {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} rounds. Captains should attempt to aim slightly at the waterline around the magazines (typically underneath the front or rear turrets) as the penetration and subsequent discharge of the large explosive mass will extremely often result in catastrophic damage; many "one-shots" can be expected with good placement of salvos. On the off chance that combat is taking place at further ranges; for example in naval enduring confrontation; captains should load a small amount of {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} for those situations, though more precise aim will be required as these have less than half the explosive mass.

;Against CAs & Below

Anything that is not a capital ship will be penetrated under almost all circumstances by the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} shell; this is the only one which should be used against cruisers and the like. Against extremely lightly armoured targets attempts should be made to engage from angles closer to the bow or stern of the enemy ship if possible. The shells have such great penetration that against lightly armoured cruisers overpenetration is common even with the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} round; this results in little damage even with a successful hit. One option when engaging multiple enemies is to utilize the ranging shot function. This fires one turret at a time, mitigating the 30 seconds the main battery takes to reload. The secondary battery also comes into usefulness here, though at only {{Annotation|4 inches|102 mm}} and with a paltry {{Annotation|0.125-inch|3.2 mm}} shield for protection, these are both very limited in capability and extremely easy to dispatch with even autocannons, let alone shell splinters. These should be left unrepaired whenever possible to not drain crew.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Features eight 381 mm (15 inches) cannons with powerful shells to choose from
* Good top speed for her size
* Sufficient armour protection on the critical section of the ship
* Large profile allows the ship to absorb a lot of shells and contain the damage

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely huge, can be easily spotted and hit
* Relatively weak armour plating on the upper section of the ship
* Very poor agility due to hull size, makes dodging bombs and torpedoes difficult
* Extremely slow main turret traverse speed, inability to fire reactively
* Low secondary and anti-air defence for such a large ship

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/7691-development-hms-hood-the-imperial-representative-en|Devblog]] ===
The British Admiral-class battlecruisers date back to 1915 when an original battleship design with characteristics similar to the Queen Elizabeth-class was converted into 30 knot battlecruisers. In 1916, the project was approved and orders were placed at the shipyards, but the Battle of Jutland, which showed the full omissions in the defence of the British battlecruisers, required new improvements to the project, which dragged on until August 1917.

Although four Admiral-class battlecruisers were ordered and laid down in shipyards, only one would be completed. The one ship of the class that would see completion would become HMS Hood, named after an 18th-century British admiral. The ship was laid down in the John Brown & Company shipyard in Scotland in September 1916. Following its launching in 1918 and subsequent fitting-out, HMS Hood was commissioned into the ranks of the Royal Navy in May 1920, thus also becoming the largest warship in service at the time.

Upon entering service, HMS Hood took part in several showing-the-flag and training exercises in the interwar period. In November 1923 the ship set out to circumnavigate the globe as part of The Empire Cruise, visiting ports in South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States before returning to British waters in September 1924.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1998-035-05, Schlachtschiff Bismarck, Seegefecht.jpg|thumb|350px|right|HMS Hood's explosion with HMS Prince of Wales near, taken from [[Prinz Eugen]]]]
At the outbreak of WWII, the recently overhauled HMS Hood was operating in the area around Iceland, hunting for German vessels. After the Fall of France, HMS Hood took part in Operation Catapult - the destruction of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir in July 1940, with HMS Hood briefly duelling French battleship Dunkerque and crippling her with four hits that would have sunk the vessel had she not been close enough to the shore to beach herself. However, HMS Hood's most famous and final engagement would become that of the Battle of the Denmark Strait in which the warship, along with HMS Prince of Wales clashed with the German battleship Bismarck and the accompanying heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen. Suffering a lethal strike to one of its magazines shortly after the start of the engagement, HMS Hood blew up and sank within three minutes with catastrophic losses and only 3 survivors. Due to its popularity among the British at the time and its tragic loss during the vessel's fateful last engagement, HMS Hood retains its legendary status and is to this day one of the most well-known British warships.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_battlecruiser_hood Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7691-development-hms-hood-the-imperial-representative-en|[Devblog] HMS Hood: The Imperial Representative]]

{{Template:ShipManufacturer John Brown and Company}}
{{Britain battlecruisers}}

HMS Hood

2023-12-18T07:30:09Z

U40820515:

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_battlecruiser_hood
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''HMS Hood (51), 1941''' was the first of the planned four Admiral-class battlecruisers. Ordered during World War I, her keel was notably laid down on 31 May 1916; the same day as the Battle of Jutland. Many design flaws were found in previous battlecruiser designs. This would go on to cause drastic revisions, delaying her launch until August of 1918, much longer than typical for British shipbuilding of the era. She would benefit greatly from this redesign, gaining a belt of equal strength to battleships of her era and the same battery of 8x{{Annotation|15-inch|381 mm}} guns, while still having the speed of a battlecruiser. This essentially made her the first "fast battleship" despite her battlecruiser designation. She was so powerful that during a postwar visit the US Navy would note that she could defeat any American ship except for the Colorados (the then latest US Battleship) in straight combat, and could easily outrun all American battleships while doing so. "The Mighty Hood" would be a symbol of the power of the British navy throughout the interwar period, and though scheduled for a massive overhaul this would be curtailed by the outbreak of war. She would famously be sent to intercept the infamous Bismarck on its first voyage, tragically being lost less than 5 minutes after the Bismarck opened fire to an extremely lucky magazine hit. This would galvanize the entire available Royal Navy to converge on and sink the Bismarck; its first voyage becoming the last.

Introduced in [[Update "Danger Zone"]], HMS Hood is an extremely powerful ship, the strongest in the Royal Navy tree as of the time of writing. Her main battery stands out with the highest penetration {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} rounds found on any ship, good armour and great speed complementing the impressive firepower. Coming in her 1941 refit, this unfortunately predates the advent of {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive variable-timed}} shells. This leaves the anti-aircraft capability lacking, though not nearly so bad as early dreadnoughts or preceding battlecruisers such as the [[HMS Invincible]]. Captains can expect Hood to perform well in all modes, but notably the speed is a major advantage for those playing Naval Enduring Confrontation.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

HMS Hood stands out from other battlecruisers in many ways, but one of the most noticeable is in her armour protection. Typically, a battlecruiser was intended to be faster, but less armoured than the battleships of their generation. Hood instead, has equivalent protection to battleships of its generation, with a {{Annotation|12-inch|304.8 mm}} belt, inclined at 13 degrees to give it equivalent protection to the {{Annotation|13 inches|330.2 mm}} of armour found on the Queen Elizabeths. That is a drastic improvement over both the preceding battlecruisers in the Royal Navy and the battlecruisers of other nations. The battlecruiser [[IJN Kongo]] for example, has a measly {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} belt in comparison. This does fall to {{Annotation|7 inches|177.8 mm}} and then {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} of armour higher on the hull, but the belt itself covers the entirety of the vitals from the foremost to sternmost turrets. The main belt will protect against all but the most powerful guns at typical battle ranges, and the lesser armoured portions of the hull don't have very many crew compartments either, leading the ship to be extremely survivable with its 1418 crew.

The turrets are also well armoured, with {{Annotation|15 inches|381 mm}} of armour on the mantlet and {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} on the forward half of the turret. The rear half has {{Annotation|11 inches|279.4 mm}} of armour on both the sides and rear, and the roof has {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} protecting from plunging fire. This will stop battleship shells at all but point-blank range. The turret barbettes are reasonably protected above the deck with {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} of armour above the deck, though this falls below the deck to {{Annotation|6-10 inches|152.4-254 mm}}. Notably, Hood doesn't have shell rooms in the barbettes like American battleships, lowering the chance of catastrophic fire when hit.

The deck also has multiple layers of armour as is typical on battlecruisers, the upper layer having {{Annotation|1.25 inches|31.75 mm}} of armour to trigger the fuses on shells and bombs, with a second, {{Annotation|0.75-inch|19.05 mm}} layer to stop the blast and splinters. Just in case a shell manages to get past these two layers there is also a third, {{Annotation|2-inch|50.8 mm}} plate above the magazines. Speaking of, the magazines are positioned well below the waterline and should be well protected from enemy fire unless your opponent has Adalbert Schneider as their gunnery officer. Hood also has torpedo protection with up to 250 kg of effectiveness, which should protect against most torpedoes, with notable exceptions like the Japanese [[Type 93 (610mm) (Family)|Long Lance]].

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The Hood is a fairly fast capital ship, capable of 57 km/h in RB, making her slightly faster than the IJN Kongo, and slightly slower than the Scharnhorst and Kronshtadt. Her acceleration is as can be expected of a ship her size, being quite poor. In addition, her 262 m long hull means she struggles to turn, has an enormous turning radius and bleeds a lot of speed while manoeuvring.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)}}

The Hood currently possesses the largest guns in the game, with eight 381 mm 15"/42 BL Mark I cannons mounted in four twin turrets, larger than those on the Bayern by 1 mm. She has two rounds available, 15 inch 4crh CPC, a SAPCBC shell, and 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC, an APCBC shell. The SAPCBC shell, while having a smaller filler than the equivalent SAP shells on the Bayern and the Japanese 356 mm, is still the strongest SAP shell in the game, solely due to its penetration. Penetrating 487 mm at point blank, it has very minimal penetration falloff, and it still penetrates 308 mm at 15 km, while the Bayern can only penetrate 170 mm at that range, while the Japanese 356 mm SAP can't even reach that penetration at 1 km. This allows the Hood to smash any battleship designed before "all or nothing" armour schemes came into wide use, as while their main belts may be able to hold up, their weaker upper belts stand no chance, and several of these SAP shells finding their way around the realms of enemy ammunition magazines will have very entertaining results. Due to the high filler, even hits to the upper hull may cause a large enough explosion to detonate ammunition several decks below.

The APCBC shell is fairly strong with ~20 kg of TNT effective filler and decent penetration statistics, making it quite handy for punching deep into the internals of an opposing capital ship and bypassing most, if not all armour that it comes across while in regular battle ranges.

{{:15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)/Ammunition|15 inch 4crh CPC, 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)}}

The Hood has the standard British secondaries of seven twin 102 mm 4"/45 Mark XVI cannons. These guns do barely any damage to cruisers or capital ships and, although the SAP shell can do work on opposing destroyers, they are most useful in the role of AA batteries. Unlike other British ships using the same gun, Hood's secondaries do not get the much superior HE-VT shell, since she was sunk before the shell was developed in reality. The time-fused shells have a habit of exploding after passing behind an aircraft rather than next to it or simply just not close enough to do damage, but it is still better to have a flak field than not.

{{:4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)/Ammunition|4 inch HE, 4 inch SAP, 4 inch HE-TF}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|2pdr QF Mk.VIII (40 mm)|Vickers Mk.V (12.7 mm)}}

Unlike the swarms of light AA guns that can be seen on other WW2-era capital ships, Hood's AA only consists of seven mounts due to the ship accidentally becoming an oversized reef before anti-air spam came in vogue. However, three of those mounts are the glorious octuple 40 mm 2pdr QF Mk.VIII, which can spew a lovely cloud of 40mm shells into the general direction of an oncoming aircraft. The other four mounts are the more lacklustre quadruple 12.7 mm Vickers Mk. V, which are essentially just there for moral support.

However, the true moral support comes in the form of five 20-barreled UP (Unrotated Projectile) rocket launchers, designed to hurl rockets which lay airborne tripwires attached to mines at enemy aircraft. While they are indicated as 'Auxiliary calibre guns' in-game, since testing proved them as useless in-game as in real life, they were unfortunately not implemented.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.IV (533 mm)}}

The Hood has twelve 533 mm Mk.IV torpedoes, the same seen on HMS Marlborough, in four launchers, two per side, near the back of the superstructure. The torpedoes are awful, slow, hard to aim, and worst of all, unlike other WW1-era ships, these launchers and their reserve torpedoes are located above the waterline in very exposed positions, meaning they are prone to explode when hit. It is not advised to take them.

== Usage in battles ==


HMS Hood, as a battlecruiser, possesses exceptional speed. However unlike other battlecruisers such as the [[HMS Invincible]] that precedes it, it does not sacrifice armour nor firepower to attain this speed. She can destroy most ships with a single well-placed salvo and is completely capable of duking it out with other capital ships as well.

;Against BCs & BBs

Whenever Hood is fighting other battlecruisers or battleships, the recommended shell for most situations differs from most other capital ships. At typical ranges in arcade and realistic battles, the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} shells will typically be able to penetrate the belt of many battleships. The {{Annotation|15-inch|381 mm}} {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} actually has more penetration that many early battleships {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} rounds. Captains should attempt to aim slightly at the waterline around the magazines (typically underneath the front or rear turrets) as the penetration and subsequent discharge of the large explosive mass will extremely often result in catastrophic damage; many "one-shots" can be expected with good placement of salvos. On the off chance that combat is taking place at further ranges; for example in naval enduring confrontation; captains should load a small amount of {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} for those situations, though more precise aim will be required as these have less than half the explosive mass.

;Against CAs & Below

Anything that is not a capital ship will be penetrated under almost all circumstances by the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} shell; this is the only one which should be used against cruisers and the like. Against extremely lightly armoured targets attempts should be made to engage from angles closer to the bow or stern of the enemy ship if possible. The shells have such great penetration that against lightly armoured cruisers overpenetration is common even with the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} round; this results in little damage even with a successful hit. One option when engaging multiple enemies is to utilize the ranging shot function. This fires one turret at a time, mitigating the 30 seconds the main battery takes to reload. The secondary battery also comes into usefulness here, though at only {{Annotation|4 inches|102 mm}} and with a paltry {{Annotation|0.125-inch|3.2 mm}} shield for protection, these are both very limited in capability and extremely easy to dispatch with even autocannons, let alone shell splinters. These should be left unrepaired whenever possible to not drain crew.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Features eight 381 mm (15 inches) cannons with powerful shells to choose from
* Good top speed for her size
* Sufficient armour protection on the critical section of the ship
* Large profile allows the ship to absorb a lot of shells and contain the damage

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely huge, can be easily spotted and hit
* Relatively weak armour plating on the upper section of the ship
* Very poor agility due to hull size, makes dodging bombs and torpedoes difficult
* Extremely slow main turret traverse speed, inability to fire reactively
* Low secondary and anti-air defence for such a large ship

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/7691-development-hms-hood-the-imperial-representative-en|Devblog]] ===
The British Admiral-class battlecruisers date back to 1915 when an original battleship design with characteristics similar to the Queen Elizabeth-class was converted into 30 knot battlecruisers. In 1916, the project was approved and orders were placed at the shipyards, but the Battle of Jutland, which showed the full omissions in the defence of the British battlecruisers, required new improvements to the project, which dragged on until August 1917.

Although four Admiral-class battlecruisers were ordered and laid down in shipyards, only one would be completed. The one ship of the class that would see completion would become HMS Hood, named after an 18th-century British admiral. The ship was laid down in the John Brown & Company shipyard in Scotland in September 1916. Following its launching in 1918 and subsequent fitting-out, HMS Hood was commissioned into the ranks of the Royal Navy in May 1920, thus also becoming the largest warship in service at the time.

Upon entering service, HMS Hood took part in several showing-the-flag and training exercises in the interwar period. In November 1923 the ship set out to circumnavigate the globe as part of The Empire Cruise, visiting ports in South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States before returning to British waters in September 1924.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1998-035-05, Schlachtschiff Bismarck, Seegefecht.jpg|thumb|350px|right|HMS Hood's explosion with HMS Prince of Wales near, taken from [[Prinz Eugen]]]]
At the outbreak of WWII, the recently overhauled HMS Hood was operating in the area around Iceland, hunting for German vessels. After the Fall of France, HMS Hood took part in Operation Catapult - the destruction of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir in July 1940, with HMS Hood briefly duelling French battleship Dunkerque and crippling her with four hits that would have sunk the vessel had she not been close enough to the shore to beach herself. However, HMS Hood's most famous and final engagement would become that of the Battle of the Denmark Strait in which the warship, along with HMS Prince of Wales clashed with the German battleship Bismarck and the accompanying heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen. Suffering a lethal strike to one of its magazines shortly after the start of the engagement, HMS Hood blew up and sank within three minutes with catastrophic losses and only 3 survivors. Due to its popularity among the British at the time and its tragic loss during the vessel's fateful last engagement, HMS Hood retains its legendary status and is to this day one of the most well-known British warships.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_battlecruiser_hood Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7691-development-hms-hood-the-imperial-representative-en|[Devblog] HMS Hood: The Imperial Representative]]

{{Template:ShipManufacturer John Brown and Company}}
{{Britain battlecruisers}}

HMS Hood

2023-12-18T07:22:01Z

U40820515:

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_battlecruiser_hood
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''HMS Hood (51), 1941''' was the first of the planned four Admiral-class battlecruisers. Ordered during World War I, her keel was notably laid down on 31 May 1916; the same day as the Battle of Jutland. Many design flaws were found in previous battlecruiser designs. This would go on to cause drastic revisions, delaying her launch until August of 1918, much longer than typical for British shipbuilding of the era. She would benefit greatly from this redesign, gaining a belt of equal strength to battleships of her era and the same battery of 8x{{Annotation|15-inch|381 mm}} guns, while still having the speed of a battlecruiser. This essentially made her the first "fast battleship" despite her battlecruiser designation. She was so powerful that during a postwar visit the US Navy would note that she could defeat any American ship except for the Colorados (the then latest US Battleship) in straight combat, and could easily outrun all American battleships while doing so. "The Mighty Hood" would be a symbol of the power of the British navy throughout the interwar period, and though scheduled for a massive overhaul this would be curtailed by the outbreak of war. She would famously be sent to intercept the infamous Bismarck on its first voyage, tragically being lost less than 5 minutes after the Bismarck opened fire to an extremely lucky magazine hit. This would galvanize the entire available Royal Navy to converge on and sink the Bismarck; its first voyage becoming the last.

Introduced in [[Update "Danger Zone"]], HMS Hood is an extremely powerful ship, by far the strongest in the Royal Navy tree. Her main battery stands out with the highest penetration {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} rounds found on any ship, good armour and great speed complementing the impressive firepower. Coming in her 1941 refit, this unfortunately predates the advent of {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive variable-timed}} shells. This leaves the anti-aircraft capability lacking, though not nearly so bad as early dreadnoughts or preceding battlecruisers such as the [[HMS Invincible]]. Captains can expect Hood to perform well in all modes, but notably the speed is a major advantage for those playing Naval Enduring Confrontation.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

HMS Hood stands out from other battlecruisers in many ways, but one of the most noticeable is in her armour protection. Typically, a battlecruiser was intended to be faster, but less armoured than the battleships of their generation. Hood instead, has equivalent protection to battleships of its generation, with a {{Annotation|12-inch|304.8 mm}} belt, inclined at 13 degrees to give it equivalent protection to the {{Annotation|13 inches|330.2 mm}} of armour found on the Queen Elizabeths. That is a drastic improvement over both the preceding battlecruisers in the Royal Navy and the battlecruisers of other nations. The battlecruiser [[IJN Kongo]] for example, has a measly {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} belt in comparison. This does fall to {{Annotation|7 inches|177.8 mm}} and then {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} of armour higher on the hull, but the belt itself covers the entirety of the vitals from the foremost to sternmost turrets. The main belt will protect against all but the most powerful guns at typical battle ranges, and the lesser armoured portions of the hull don't have very many crew compartments either, leading the ship to be extremely survivable with its 1418 crew.

The turrets are also well armoured, with {{Annotation|15 inches|381 mm}} of armour on the mantlet and {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} on the forward half of the turret. The rear half has {{Annotation|11 inches|279.4 mm}} of armour on both the sides and rear, and the roof has {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} protecting from plunging fire. This will stop battleship shells at all but point-blank range. The turret barbettes are reasonably protected above the deck with {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} of armour above the deck, though this falls below the deck to {{Annotation|6-10 inches|152.4-254 mm}}. Notably, Hood doesn't have shell rooms in the barbettes like American battleships, lowering the chance of catastrophic fire when hit.

The deck also has multiple layers of armour as is typical on battlecruisers, the upper layer having {{Annotation|1.25 inches|31.75 mm}} of armour to trigger the fuses on shells and bombs, with a second, {{Annotation|0.75-inch|19.05 mm}} layer to stop the blast and splinters. Just in case a shell manages to get past these two layers there is also a third, {{Annotation|2-inch|50.8 mm}} plate above the magazines. Speaking of, the magazines are positioned well below the waterline and should be well protected from enemy fire unless your opponent has Adalbert Schneider as their gunnery officer. Hood also has torpedo protection with up to 250 kg of effectiveness, which should protect against most torpedoes, with notable exceptions like the Japanese [[Type 93 (610mm) (Family)|Long Lance]].

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The Hood is a fairly fast capital ship, capable of 57 km/h in RB, making her slightly faster than the IJN Kongo, and slightly slower than the Scharnhorst and Kronshtadt. Her acceleration is as can be expected of a ship her size, being quite poor. In addition, her 262 m long hull means she struggles to turn, has an enormous turning radius and bleeds a lot of speed while manoeuvring.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)}}

The Hood currently possesses the largest guns in the game, with eight 381 mm 15"/42 BL Mark I cannons mounted in four twin turrets, larger than those on the Bayern by 1 mm. She has two rounds available, 15 inch 4crh CPC, a SAPCBC shell, and 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC, an APCBC shell. The SAPCBC shell, while having a smaller filler than the equivalent SAP shells on the Bayern and the Japanese 356 mm, is still the strongest SAP shell in the game, solely due to its penetration. Penetrating 487 mm at point blank, it has very minimal penetration falloff, and it still penetrates 308 mm at 15 km, while the Bayern can only penetrate 170 mm at that range, while the Japanese 356 mm SAP can't even reach that penetration at 1 km. This allows the Hood to smash any battleship designed before "all or nothing" armour schemes came into wide use, as while their main belts may be able to hold up, their weaker upper belts stand no chance, and several of these SAP shells finding their way around the realms of enemy ammunition magazines will have very entertaining results. Due to the high filler, even hits to the upper hull may cause a large enough explosion to detonate ammunition several decks below.

The APCBC shell is fairly strong with ~20 kg of TNT effective filler and decent penetration statistics, making it quite handy for punching deep into the internals of an opposing capital ship and bypassing most, if not all armour that it comes across while in regular battle ranges.

{{:15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)/Ammunition|15 inch 4crh CPC, 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)}}

The Hood has the standard British secondaries of seven twin 102 mm 4"/45 Mark XVI cannons. These guns do barely any damage to cruisers or capital ships and, although the SAP shell can do work on opposing destroyers, they are most useful in the role of AA batteries. Unlike other British ships using the same gun, Hood's secondaries do not get the much superior HE-VT shell, since she was sunk before the shell was developed in reality. The time-fused shells have a habit of exploding after passing behind an aircraft rather than next to it or simply just not close enough to do damage, but it is still better to have a flak field than not.

{{:4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)/Ammunition|4 inch HE, 4 inch SAP, 4 inch HE-TF}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|2pdr QF Mk.VIII (40 mm)|Vickers Mk.V (12.7 mm)}}

Unlike the swarms of light AA guns that can be seen on other WW2-era capital ships, Hood's AA only consists of seven mounts due to the ship accidentally becoming an oversized reef before anti-air spam came in vogue. However, three of those mounts are the glorious octuple 40 mm 2pdr QF Mk.VIII, which can spew a lovely cloud of 40mm shells into the general direction of an oncoming aircraft. The other four mounts are the more lacklustre quadruple 12.7 mm Vickers Mk. V, which are essentially just there for moral support.

However, the true moral support comes in the form of five 20-barreled UP (Unrotated Projectile) rocket launchers, designed to hurl rockets which lay airborne tripwires attached to mines at enemy aircraft. While they are indicated as 'Auxiliary calibre guns' in-game, since testing proved them as useless in-game as in real life, they were unfortunately not implemented.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.IV (533 mm)}}

The Hood has twelve 533 mm Mk.IV torpedoes, the same seen on HMS Marlborough, in four launchers, two per side, near the back of the superstructure. The torpedoes are awful, slow, hard to aim, and worst of all, unlike other WW1-era ships, these launchers and their reserve torpedoes are located above the waterline in very exposed positions, meaning they are prone to explode when hit. It is not advised to take them.

== Usage in battles ==


HMS Hood, as a battlecruiser, possesses exceptional speed. However unlike other battlecruisers such as the [[HMS Invincible]] that precedes it, it does not sacrifice armour nor firepower to attain this speed. She can destroy most ships with a single well-placed salvo and is completely capable of duking it out with other capital ships as well.

;Against BCs & BBs

Whenever Hood is fighting other battlecruisers or battleships, the recommended shell for most situations differs from most other capital ships. At typical ranges in arcade and realistic battles, the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} shells will typically be able to penetrate the belt of many battleships. The {{Annotation|15-inch|381 mm}} {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} actually has more penetration that many early battleships {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} rounds. Captains should attempt to aim slightly at the waterline around the magazines (typically underneath the front or rear turrets) as the penetration and subsequent discharge of the large explosive mass will extremely often result in catastrophic damage; many "one-shots" can be expected with good placement of salvos. On the off chance that combat is taking place at further ranges; for example in naval enduring confrontation; captains should load a small amount of {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} for those situations, though more precise aim will be required as these have less than half the explosive mass.

;Against CAs & Below

Anything that is not a capital ship will be penetrated under almost all circumstances by the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} shell; this is the only one which should be used against cruisers and the like. Against extremely lightly armoured targets attempts should be made to engage from angles closer to the bow or stern of the enemy ship if possible. The shells have such great penetration that against lightly armoured cruisers overpenetration is common even with the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} round; this results in little damage even with a successful hit. One option when engaging multiple enemies is to utilize the ranging shot function. This fires one turret at a time, mitigating the 30 seconds the main battery takes to reload. The secondary battery also comes into usefulness here, though at only {{Annotation|4 inches|102 mm}} and with a paltry {{Annotation|0.125-inch|3.2 mm}} shield for protection, these are both very limited in capability and extremely easy to dispatch with even autocannons, let alone shell splinters. These should be left unrepaired whenever possible to not drain crew.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Features eight 381 mm (15 inches) cannons with powerful shells to choose from
* Good top speed for her size
* Sufficient armour protection on the critical section of the ship
* Large profile allows the ship to absorb a lot of shells and contain the damage

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely huge, can be easily spotted and hit
* Relatively weak armour plating on the upper section of the ship
* Very poor agility due to hull size, makes dodging bombs and torpedoes difficult
* Extremely slow main turret traverse speed, inability to fire reactively
* Low secondary and anti-air defence for such a large ship

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/7691-development-hms-hood-the-imperial-representative-en|Devblog]] ===
The British Admiral-class battlecruisers date back to 1915 when an original battleship design with characteristics similar to the Queen Elizabeth-class was converted into 30 knot battlecruisers. In 1916, the project was approved and orders were placed at the shipyards, but the Battle of Jutland, which showed the full omissions in the defence of the British battlecruisers, required new improvements to the project, which dragged on until August 1917.

Although four Admiral-class battlecruisers were ordered and laid down in shipyards, only one would be completed. The one ship of the class that would see completion would become HMS Hood, named after an 18th-century British admiral. The ship was laid down in the John Brown & Company shipyard in Scotland in September 1916. Following its launching in 1918 and subsequent fitting-out, HMS Hood was commissioned into the ranks of the Royal Navy in May 1920, thus also becoming the largest warship in service at the time.

Upon entering service, HMS Hood took part in several showing-the-flag and training exercises in the interwar period. In November 1923 the ship set out to circumnavigate the globe as part of The Empire Cruise, visiting ports in South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States before returning to British waters in September 1924.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1998-035-05, Schlachtschiff Bismarck, Seegefecht.jpg|thumb|350px|right|HMS Hood's explosion with HMS Prince of Wales near, taken from [[Prinz Eugen]]]]
At the outbreak of WWII, the recently overhauled HMS Hood was operating in the area around Iceland, hunting for German vessels. After the Fall of France, HMS Hood took part in Operation Catapult - the destruction of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir in July 1940, with HMS Hood briefly duelling French battleship Dunkerque and crippling her with four hits that would have sunk the vessel had she not been close enough to the shore to beach herself. However, HMS Hood's most famous and final engagement would become that of the Battle of the Denmark Strait in which the warship, along with HMS Prince of Wales clashed with the German battleship Bismarck and the accompanying heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen. Suffering a lethal strike to one of its magazines shortly after the start of the engagement, HMS Hood blew up and sank within three minutes with catastrophic losses and only 3 survivors. Due to its popularity among the British at the time and its tragic loss during the vessel's fateful last engagement, HMS Hood retains its legendary status and is to this day one of the most well-known British warships.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_battlecruiser_hood Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7691-development-hms-hood-the-imperial-representative-en|[Devblog] HMS Hood: The Imperial Representative]]

{{Template:ShipManufacturer John Brown and Company}}
{{Britain battlecruisers}}

HMS Hood

2023-12-18T02:23:52Z

U40820515:

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_battlecruiser_hood
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''HMS Hood (51), 1941''' was the first of the planned four Admiral-class battlecruisers. The HMS Hood was ordered during World War I, and her keel was laid down on 31 May 1916, the same day as the Battle of Jutland which questioned serious flaws in her design as 3 British battlecruisers were lost. This prompted drastic revisions that resulted in Hood being laid down again on 1 September under a new design. Her sister ships were cancelled after the costly redesign and more appropriate use of labour. Despite the appearance of newer and more modern ships, the HMS Hood remained the world's largest warship for 20 years after her commissioning, and came to symbolise the might of the British Empire itself with the nickname "''The Mighty Hood''". The two major operations Hood sailed under were Operation Catapult in 1940; sinking the now surrendered French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir preventing it from falling into Axis hands and, more (im)famously at the Battle of the Denmark Strait in May 1941; tasked to intercept the German flag- battleship Bismarck and the [[Prinz Eugen|heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen]] as they made their way to the Atlantic to attack convoys. The HMS Hood was hit by several shells, exploded, and sank on May 24, 1941, early in the Battle of the Denmark Strait, killing all but three of her 1,418-man crew. The loss massively affected British morale due to her publicly perceived invincibility and the loss of the Royal Navy's flagship.

Introduced in [[Update "Danger Zone"]], the HMS Hood is a powerful ship, but players should not expect it to be able to withstand enemy fire like some other, better-protected battlecruisers and battleships. Keep in mind that HMS Hood is a large ship, so entering objectives that are normally exposed may not be a good idea. The HMS Hood players should keep an eye on her buoyancy, as she tends to take on water much faster than many other ships of her type, as well as wallow and capsize very easily. Players should be cautious of enemy battleships since HMS Hood has relatively weak armour on the upper sections of the ship, making her vulnerable to heavy damage.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

HMS Hood stands out from other battlecruisers in many ways, but one of the most noticeable is in her armour protection. Typically, a battlecruiser was intended to be faster, but less armoured than the battleships of their generation. Hood instead, has equivalent protection to battleships of its generation, with a {{Annotation|12-inch|304.8 mm}} belt, inclined at 13 degrees to give it equivalent protection to the {{Annotation|13 inches|330.2 mm}} of armour found on the Queen Elizabeths. That is a drastic improvement over both the preceding battlecruisers in the Royal Navy and the battlecruisers of other nations. The battlecruiser [[IJN Kongo]] for example, has a measly {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} belt in comparison. This does fall to {{Annotation|7 inches|177.8 mm}} and then {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} of armour higher on the hull, but the belt itself covers the entirety of the vitals from the foremost to sternmost turrets. The main belt will protect against all but the most powerful guns at typical battle ranges, and the lesser armoured portions of the hull don't have very many crew compartments either, leading the ship to be extremely survivable with its 1418 crew.

The turrets are also well armoured, with {{Annotation|15 inches|381 mm}} of armour on the mantlet and {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} on the forward half of the turret. The rear half has {{Annotation|11 inches|279.4 mm}} of armour on both the sides and rear, and the roof has {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} protecting from plunging fire. This will stop battleship shells at all but point-blank range. The turret barbettes are reasonably protected above the deck with {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} of armour above the deck, though this falls below the deck to {{Annotation|6-10 inches|152.4-254 mm}}. Notably, Hood doesn't have shell rooms in the barbettes like American battleships, lowering the chance of catastrophic fire when hit.

The deck also has multiple layers of armour as is typical on battlecruisers, the upper layer having {{Annotation|1.25 inches|31.75 mm}} of armour to trigger the fuses on shells and bombs, with a second, {{Annotation|0.75-inch|19.05 mm}} layer to stop the blast and splinters. Just in case a shell manages to get past these two layers there is also a third, {{Annotation|2-inch|50.8 mm}} plate above the magazines. Speaking of, the magazines are positioned well below the waterline and should be well protected from enemy fire unless your opponent has Adalbert Schneider as their gunnery officer. Hood also has torpedo protection with up to 250 kg of effectiveness, which should protect against most torpedoes, with notable exceptions like the Japanese [[Type 93 (610mm) (Family)|Long Lance]].

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The Hood is a fairly fast capital ship, capable of 57 km/h in RB, making her slightly faster than the IJN Kongo, and slightly slower than the Scharnhorst and Kronshtadt. Her acceleration is as can be expected of a ship her size, being quite poor. In addition, her 262 m long hull means she struggles to turn, has an enormous turning radius and bleeds a lot of speed while manoeuvring.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)}}

The Hood currently possesses the largest guns in the game, with eight 381 mm 15"/42 BL Mark I cannons mounted in four twin turrets, larger than those on the Bayern by 1 mm. She has two rounds available, 15 inch 4crh CPC, a SAPCBC shell, and 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC, an APCBC shell. The SAPCBC shell, while having a smaller filler than the equivalent SAP shells on the Bayern and the Japanese 356 mm, is still the strongest SAP shell in the game, solely due to its penetration. Penetrating 487 mm at point blank, it has very minimal penetration falloff, and it still penetrates 308 mm at 15 km, while the Bayern can only penetrate 170 mm at that range, while the Japanese 356 mm SAP can't even reach that penetration at 1 km. This allows the Hood to smash any battleship designed before "all or nothing" armour schemes came into wide use, as while their main belts may be able to hold up, their weaker upper belts stand no chance, and several of these SAP shells finding their way around the realms of enemy ammunition magazines will have very entertaining results. Due to the high filler, even hits to the upper hull may cause a large enough explosion to detonate ammunition several decks below.

The APCBC shell is fairly strong with ~20 kg of TNT effective filler and decent penetration statistics, making it quite handy for punching deep into the internals of an opposing capital ship and bypassing most, if not all armour that it comes across while in regular battle ranges.

{{:15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)/Ammunition|15 inch 4crh CPC, 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)}}

The Hood has the standard British secondaries of seven twin 102 mm 4"/45 Mark XVI cannons. These guns do barely any damage to cruisers or capital ships and, although the SAP shell can do work on opposing destroyers, they are most useful in the role of AA batteries. Unlike other British ships using the same gun, Hood's secondaries do not get the much superior HE-VT shell, since she was sunk before the shell was developed in reality. The time-fused shells have a habit of exploding after passing behind an aircraft rather than next to it or simply just not close enough to do damage, but it is still better to have a flak field than not.

{{:4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)/Ammunition|4 inch HE, 4 inch SAP, 4 inch HE-TF}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|2pdr QF Mk.VIII (40 mm)|Vickers Mk.V (12.7 mm)}}

Unlike the swarms of light AA guns that can be seen on other WW2-era capital ships, Hood's AA only consists of seven mounts due to the ship accidentally becoming an oversized reef before anti-air spam came in vogue. However, three of those mounts are the glorious octuple 40 mm 2pdr QF Mk.VIII, which can spew a lovely cloud of 40mm shells into the general direction of an oncoming aircraft. The other four mounts are the more lacklustre quadruple 12.7 mm Vickers Mk. V, which are essentially just there for moral support.

However, the true moral support comes in the form of five 20-barreled UP (Unrotated Projectile) rocket launchers, designed to hurl rockets which lay airborne tripwires attached to mines at enemy aircraft. While they are indicated as 'Auxiliary calibre guns' in-game, since testing proved them as useless in-game as in real life, they were unfortunately not implemented.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.IV (533 mm)}}

The Hood has twelve 533 mm Mk.IV torpedoes, the same seen on HMS Marlborough, in four launchers, two per side, near the back of the superstructure. The torpedoes are awful, slow, hard to aim, and worst of all, unlike other WW1-era ships, these launchers and their reserve torpedoes are located above the waterline in very exposed positions, meaning they are prone to explode when hit. It is not advised to take them.

== Usage in battles ==


HMS Hood, as a battlecruiser, possesses exceptional speed. However unlike other battlecruisers such as the [[HMS Invincible]] that precedes it, it does not sacrifice armour nor firepower to attain this speed. She is able to destroy most ships with a single well placed salvo, and is completely capable of duking it out with other capital ships as well.

;Against BCs & BBs

Whenever Hood is fighting other battlecruisers or battleships, the recommended shell for most situations actually differs from most other capital ships. At typical ranges in arcade and realistic battles, the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} shells will actually be typically be able to penetrate the belt of many battleships. The {{Annotation|15-inch|381 mm}} {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} actually has more penetration that many early battleships {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} rounds. Captains should attempt to aim slightly the waterline around the magazines (typically underneath the front or rear turrets) as the penetration and subsequent discharge of the large explosive mass will extremely often result in catastrophic damage; many "one-shots" can be expected with good placement of salvos. On the off chance that combat is taking place at further ranges; for example in naval enduring confrontation; captains should load a small amount of {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} for those situations, though more precise aim will be required as these have less than half the explosive mass.

;Against CAs & Below

Anything that is not a capital ship will be penetrated under almost all circumstances by the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} shell; this is the only one which should be used against cruisers and the like. Against extremely lightly armoured targets attempts should be made to engage from angles closer to the bow or stern of the enemy ship if possible. The shells have such great penetration that against lightly armoured cruisers overpenetration is common even with the {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour piercing}} round; this results in little damage even with a successful hit. One option when engaging multiple enemies is to utilize the ranging shot function. This fires one turret at a time, mitigating the 30 seconds the main battery takes to reload. The secondary battery also comes into usefulness here, though at only {{Annotation|4 inches|102 mm}} and with a paltry {{Annotation|0.125-inch|3.2 mm}} shield for protection, these are both very limited in capability and extremely easy to dispatch with even autocannons, let alone shell splinters. These should be left unrepaired whenever possible as to not drain crew.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Features eight 381 mm (15 inches) cannons with powerful shells to choose from
* Good top speed for her size
* Sufficient armour protection on the critical section of the ship
* Large profile allows the ship to absorb a lot of shells and contain the damage

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely huge, can be easily spotted and hit
* Relatively weak armour plating on the upper section of the ship
* Very poor agility due to hull size, makes dodging bombs and torpedoes difficult
* Extremely slow main turret traverse speed, inability to fire reactively
* Low secondary and anti-air defence for such a large ship

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/7691-development-hms-hood-the-imperial-representative-en|Devblog]] ===
The British Admiral-class battlecruisers date back to 1915 when an original battleship design with characteristics similar to the Queen Elizabeth-class was converted into 30 knot battlecruisers. In 1916, the project was approved and orders were placed at the shipyards, but the Battle of Jutland, which showed the full omissions in the defence of the British battlecruisers, required new improvements to the project, which dragged on until August 1917.

Although four Admiral-class battlecruisers were ordered and laid down in shipyards, only one would be completed. The one ship of the class that would see completion would become HMS Hood, named after an 18th-century British admiral. The ship was laid down in the John Brown & Company shipyard in Scotland in September 1916. Following its launching in 1918 and subsequent fitting-out, HMS Hood was commissioned into the ranks of the Royal Navy in May 1920, thus also becoming the largest warship in service at the time.

Upon entering service, HMS Hood took part in several showing-the-flag and training exercises in the interwar period. In November 1923 the ship set out to circumnavigate the globe as part of The Empire Cruise, visiting ports in South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States before returning to British waters in September 1924.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1998-035-05, Schlachtschiff Bismarck, Seegefecht.jpg|thumb|350px|right|HMS Hood's explosion with HMS Prince of Wales near, taken from [[Prinz Eugen]]]]
At the outbreak of WWII, the recently overhauled HMS Hood was operating in the area around Iceland, hunting for German vessels. After the Fall of France, HMS Hood took part in Operation Catapult - the destruction of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir in July 1940, with HMS Hood briefly duelling French battleship Dunkerque and crippling her with four hits that would have sunk the vessel had she not been close enough to the shore to beach herself. However, HMS Hood's most famous and final engagement would become that of the Battle of the Denmark Strait in which the warship, along with HMS Prince of Wales clashed with the German battleship Bismarck and the accompanying heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen. Suffering a lethal strike to one of its magazines shortly after the start of the engagement, HMS Hood blew up and sank within three minutes with catastrophic losses and only 3 survivors. Due to its popularity among the British at the time and its tragic loss during the vessel's fateful last engagement, HMS Hood retains its legendary status and is to this day one of the most well-known British warships.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_battlecruiser_hood Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7691-development-hms-hood-the-imperial-representative-en|[Devblog] HMS Hood: The Imperial Representative]]

{{Template:ShipManufacturer John Brown and Company}}
{{Britain battlecruisers}}

HMS Hood

2023-11-27T06:00:35Z

U40820515: /* Survivability and armour */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_battlecruiser_hood
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''HMS Hood (51)''' is a member of the Admiral-class battlecruiser family. The HMS Hood was built for the British Navy during World War I. The Battle of Jutland, which occurred in mid-1916, revealed serious flaws in her design, despite drastic revisions before she was completed four years later. As a result, she was the only ship of her class to be completed, as the Admiralty decided it would be better to start from scratch on future battlecruisers. Despite the appearance of newer and more modern ships, Hood remained the world's largest warship for 20 years after her commissioning, and her status was reflected in her nickname, "The Mighty Hood." In May 1941, the HMS Hood and HMS Prince of Wales were tasked with intercepting the German battleship Bismarck and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen as they made their way to the Atlantic to attack convoys. The HMS Hood was hit by several shells, exploded, and sank on May 24, 1941, early in the Battle of the Denmark Strait, killing all but three of her 1,418-man crew. The loss massively affected British morale due to her publicly perceived invincibility.

Introduced in [[Update "Danger Zone"]], the HMS Hood is a powerful ship, but players should not expect it to be able to withstand enemy fire like some other, better-protected battlecruisers and battleships. Keep in mind that HMS Hood is a large ship, so entering objectives that are normally exposed may not be a good idea. HMS Hood players should keep an eye on her buoyancy, as she tends to take on water much faster than many other ships of her class, as well as wallow and capsize very easily. Players should be cautious of enemy battleships since HMS Hood has relatively weak armour on the upper sections of the ship, making her vulnerable to heavy damage.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

HMS Hood stands out from other battlecruisers in many ways, but one of the most noticeable is in her armour protection. Typically, a battlecruiser was intended to be faster, but less armoured than the battleships of their generation. Hood instead, has equivalent protection to battleships of its generation, with a {{Annotation|12-inch|304.8 mm}} belt, inclined at 13 degrees to give it equivalent protection to the {{Annotation|13 inches|330.2 mm}} of armour found on the Queen Elizabeths. That is a drastic improvement over both the preceding battlecruisers in the Royal navy and the battlecruisers of other nations. The battlecruiser [[IJN Kongo]] for example, has a measly {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} belt in comparison. This does fall to {{Annotation|7 inches|177.8 mm}} and then {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} of armour higher on the hull, but the belt itself covers the entirety of the vitals from the foremost to sternmost turrets. The main belt will protect against all but the most powerful guns at typical battle ranges, and the lesser armoured portions of the hull don't have very many crew compartments either, leading the ship to be extremely survivable with its 1418 crew.

The turrets are also well armoured, with {{Annotation|15 inches|381 mm}} of armour on the mantlet and {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} on the forward half of the turret. The rear half has {{Annotation|11 inches|279.4 mm}} of armour on both the sides and rear, and the roof has {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} protecting from plunging fire. This will stop battleship shells at all but point blank range. The turret barbettes are reasonably protected above the deck with {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} of armour above the deck, though this falls below the deck to {{Annotation|6-10 inches|152.4-254 mm}}. Notably, Hood doesn't have shell rooms in the barbettes like American battleships, lowering the chance of catastrophic fire when hit.

The deck also has multiple layers of armour as is typical on battlecruisers, the upper layer having {{Annotation|1.25 inches|31.75 mm}} of armour to trigger the fuses on shells and bombs, with a second, {{Annotation|0.75-inch|19.05 mm}} layer to stop the blast and splinters. Just in case a shell manages to get past these two layers there is also a third, {{Annotation|2-inch|50.8 mm}} plate above the magazines. Speaking of, the magazines are positioned well below the waterline, and should be well protected from enemy fire unless your opponent has Adalbert Shneider as their gunnery officer. Hood also has torpedo protection with up to 250 kg of effectiveness, which should protect against most torpedoes, with notable exceptions like the Japanese [[Type 93 (610mm) (Family)|Long Lance]].

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The Hood is a fairly fast capital ship, capable of 57 km/h in RB, making her slightly faster than the IJN Kongo, and slightly slower than the Scharnhorst and Kronshtadt. Her acceleration is as can be expected of a ship her size, being quite poor. In addition, her 262 m long hull means she struggles to turn, having an enormous turning radius and bleeds a lot of speed while manoeuvring.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)}}

Hood currently possesses the largest guns in the game, with eight 381 mm 15"/42 BL Mark I cannons mounted in four twin turrets, larger than those on the Bayern by 1 mm. She has two rounds available, 15 inch 4crh CPC, a SAPCBC shell, and 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC, an APCBC shell. The SAPCBC shell, while having a smaller filler than the equivalent SAP shells on the Bayern and the Japanese 356 mm, is still the strongest SAP shell in the game, solely due to its penetration. Penetrating 487 mm at point blank, it has very minimal penetration falloff, and it still penetrates 308 mm at 15 km, while the Bayern can only penetrate 170 mm at that range, while the Japanese 356 mm SAP can't even reach that penetration at 1 km. This allows the Hood to smash any battleship designed before "all or nothing" armour schemes came into wide use, as while their main belts may be able to hold up, their weaker upper belts stand absolutely no chance, and several of these SAP shells finding their way around the realms of enemy ammunition magazines will have very entertaining results. Due to the high filler, even hits to the upper hull may cause a large enough explosion to detonate ammunition several decks below.

The APCBC shell is fairly strong with ~20 kg of TNT effective filler and decent penetration statistics, making it quite handy for punching deep into the internals of an opposing capital ship and bypassing most, if not all armour that it comes across while in regular battle ranges.

{{:15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)/Ammunition|15 inch 4crh CPC, 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)}}

Hood has the standard British secondaries of seven twin 102 mm 4"/45 Mark XVI cannons. These guns do barely any damage to cruisers or capital ships and, although the SAP shell can do work on opposing destroyers, they are most useful in the role of AA batteries. Unlike other British ships using the same gun, Hood's secondaries do not get the much superior HE-VT shell, due to the fact that she was sunk before the shell was developed in real life. The time-fused shells have a habit of exploding after passing behind an aircraft rather than next to it or simply just not close enough to do damage, but it is still better to have a flak field than not.

{{:4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)/Ammunition|4 inch HE, 4 inch SAP, 4 inch HE-TF}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|2pdr QF Mk.VIII (40 mm)|Vickers Mk.V (12.7 mm)}}

Unlike the swarms of light AA guns that can be seen on other WW2-era capital ships, Hood's AA only consists of seven mounts due to the ship accidentally becoming an oversized reef before anti air spam came in vogue. However, three of those mounts are the glorious octuple 40 mm 2pdr QF Mk.VIII, which can spew a lovely cloud of 40mm shells into the general direction of an oncoming aircraft. The other four mounts are the more lackluster quadruple 12.7 mm Vickers Mk.V, which are essentially just there for moral support.

However, the true moral support comes in the form of five 20-barreled UP (Unrotated Projectile) rocket launchers, designed to hurl rockets which lay airborne tripwires attached to mines at enemy aircraft. While they are indicated as 'Auxiliary caliber guns' in-game, due to the fact that testing proved them as useless in-game as in real life, they were unfortunately not implemented.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.IV (533 mm)}}

Hood has twelve 533 mm Mk.IV torpedoes, the same seen on HMS Marlborough, in four launchers, two per side, near the back of the superstructure. The torpedoes are awful, slow, hard to aim, and worst of all, unlike other WW1-era ships, these launchers and their reserve torpedoes are located above the waterline in very exposed positions, meaning they are prone to explode when hit. It is not advised to take them.

== Usage in battles ==


HMS Hood is a strong ship on the seas of War Thunder, however her captains should not expect to be capable of tanking enemy fire like some other, more extensively protected capital ships. The Hood does have a similar main armour belt thickness, but her belt is much smaller than other capital ships, a trade-off for her superior speed. In battle, this means that Hood is much more versatile than traditional battleships, as at 57 km/h (31 kn), she is roughly 15 km/h faster than the average speed of most battleships in game. Keep in mind that Hood is very large, so it may not be advisable to enter capture points which are usually exposed, but at least she can reliably keep up with the cruisers and capture the objective in a pinch. Captains of HMS Hood should keep a close eye on her buoyancy, as she has a tendency to take on water much more rapidly than many other ships of her class, and will have a tendency to wallow and capsize very easily as well.

As for notable enemies, [[SMS Bayern]] and [[Parizhskaya kommuna|Parizhskaya Kommuna]] are both ships that will consistently be seen in battles and can do considerable damage very quickly. Bayern can be dealt with by a hit to the front ammo rack with a salvo of SAP shells, and will usually be relatively easy to deal with so long as she isn't at an angle. The Parizhskaya Kommuna can be more difficult to defeat, so it is recommended to attempt to disable turrets before attempting to deal a fatal blow. Both Bayern and Parizhskaya Kommuna will reload faster than Hood, so her captains need to be careful when taking aim, as a mistake in aim can lead to rapid retaliation from the enemy.

The main opponent, though, is the Kronshtadt, which is faster than the Hood, highly survivable and possesses fast-firing 305 mm cannons with capable HE and AP shells that are on roughly par with the Hood's AP shells. It is recommended to aim for the ammunition behind the frontal turrets and hope they will show enough broadside at a close enough range that your own AP can get though the side armour.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Features eight 381 mm (15 inches) cannons with powerful shells to choose from
* Good top speed for her size
* Sufficient armour protection on the critical section of the ship
* Large profile allows the ship to absorb a lot of shells and contain the damage

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely huge, can be easily spotted and hit
* Relatively weak armour plating on the upper section of the ship
* Very poor agility due to hull size, makes dodging bombs and torpedoes difficult
* Extremely slow main turret traverse speed, inability to fire reactively
* Low secondary and anti-air defence for such a large ship

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/7691-development-hms-hood-the-imperial-representative-en|Devblog]] ===
The British Admiral-class battlecruisers date back to 1915, when an original battleship design with characteristics similar to Queen Elizabeth-class was converted into 30 knot battlecruisers. In 1916, the project was approved and orders were placed at the shipyards, but the Battle of Jutland, which showed the full omissions in the defence of the British battlecruisers, required new improvements to the project, which dragged on until August 1917.

Although four Admiral-class battlecruisers were ordered and laid down in shipyards, only one would be completed. The one ship of the class that would see completion would become HMS Hood, named after an 18th century British admiral. The ship was laid down in the John Brown & Company shipyard in Scotland in September 1916. Following its launching in 1918 and subsequent fitting-out, HMS Hood was commissioned into the ranks of the Royal Navy in May 1920, thus also becoming the largest warship in service at the time.

Upon entering service, HMS Hood took part in several showing-the-flag and training exercises in the interwar period. In November 1923 the ship set out to circumnavigate the globe as part of The Empire Cruise, visiting ports in South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States before returning to British waters in September 1924.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1998-035-05, Schlachtschiff Bismarck, Seegefecht.jpg|thumb|350px|right|HMS Hood's explosion with HMS Prince of Wales near, taken from [[Prinz Eugen]]]]
At the outbreak of WWII, the recently overhauled HMS Hood was operating in the area around Iceland, hunting for German vessels. After the Fall of France, HMS Hood took part in Operation Catapult - the destruction of the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir in July 1940, with HMS Hood briefly duelling French battleship Dunkerque and crippling her with four hits that would have sunk the vessel had she not been close enough to the shore to beach herself. However, HMS Hood's most famous and final engagement would become that of the Battle of the Denmark Strait in which the warship, along with HMS Prince of Wales clashed with the German battleship Bismarck and the accompanying heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen. Suffering a lethal strike to one of its magazines shortly after the start of the engagement, HMS Hood blew up and sank within three minutes with catastrophic losses and only 3 survivors. Due to its popularity among the British at the time and its tragic loss during the vessel's fateful last engagement, HMS Hood retains its legendary status and is to this day one of the most well-known British warships.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_battlecruiser_hood Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7691-development-hms-hood-the-imperial-representative-en|[Devblog] HMS Hood: The Imperial Representative]]

{{Template:ShipManufacturer John Brown and Company}}
{{Britain battlecruisers}}

HMS Iron Duke

2023-11-27T05:14:48Z

U40820515: /* Survivability and armour */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_battleship_iron_duke
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=12861
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} British battleship {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

HMS Iron Duke, like other British battleships of this time period uses a distributed armour scheme. Her main main belt has a thickness of {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}}, slightly angled to increase effectiveness. this falls off to {{Annotation|9 inches|228.6 mm}} and then {{Annotation|8 inches|203.2 mm}} on the hull, before finally ending with {{Annotation|6 inches|152.4 mm}} on the secondary armour deck. The main belt will be resistant to most battleships of the rank, but the higher ranked ships like the [[SMS Bayern]] or [[IJN Fuso]] will be able to penetrate it at most ranges, and the lower armour above the main belt will be easily penetrated by all capital ships. Iron Duke has no dedicated torpedo protection, though it does have coal bunkers which can absorb some hits.

The turrets are fairly well armoured, though not to the extreme of something like the [[USS Nevada]] with her {{Annotation|18 inches|457.2 mm}} of angled turret armour. HMS Iron Duke has 2 layers of turret armour, with the first coming in at {{Annotation|11 inches|279.4 mm}} of armour, covering the front, rear and sides and a second {{Annotation|3-inch|76.2 mm}} later contained within. This should be more than enough armor to stop most shells at anything but extremely close range. The top of the turrets also have multiple layers of armour, with both a {{Annotation|3-inch|76.2 mm}} and {{Annotation|4-inch|101.6 mm}} plate protecting from plunging fire. The turret barbette armour ranges from {{Annotation|9-10 inches|228.6-254 mm}}, which unfortunately means that every battleship will easily be able to destroy the ammo elevators, though these won't explode when hit. The magazines are placed well below the waterline, and have multiple layers of deck armour to detonate plunging fire and shield the magazine from hits, with two {{Annotation|1-inch|25.4 mm}} and a {{Annotation|1.25-inch|31.75 mm}} plate providing ample protection.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|13.5 inch/45 Mark 5(H) (343 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:13.5 inch/45 Mark 5(H) (343 mm)/Ammunition|13.5 inch HE, 13.5 inch APC Mk.Ia, 13.5 inch CPBC, 13.5 inch APC Mk.IIIa}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|6 inch/45 BL Mark VII (152 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:6 inch/45 BL Mark VII (152 mm)/Ammunition|6 inch HE, 6 inch CPC}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|4 in QF Mark V (102 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.IV (533 mm)}}

''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8521-development-pre-order-battleships-hms-iron-duke-and-ijn-yamashiro-en|[Devblog] Battleships HMS Iron Duke and IJN Yamashiro!]]

{{ShipManufacturer Portsmouth}}
{{Britain battleships}}
{{Britain premium ships}}

HMS Marlborough

2023-11-27T02:21:53Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_battleship_marlborough
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the second of 4 [[Iron Duke (Family)|Iron Duke-class]] battleships, built for the Royal Navy beginning in January 1912. She would be launched later that same year in October of 1912, and would be commissioned in June of 1914, being completed in time for the outbreak of the Great War. The only major action that Marlborough would see would be in the famous Battle of Jutland, where she would engage multiple battleships and cruisers, notably hitting SMS Wiesbaden with (most likely) 3 shells, knocking the cruiser out of action until it sank a few hours later. During this time she had taken a torpedo hit, which while not immediately threatening, would restrict the ship to {{Annotation|12 kn|22 kmh, 14 mph}} until she was later repaired. She would see more sorties after her repairs were complete, but none would result in combat. After the end of the war, she would serve various roles for an additional 14 years before being stricken and sold for scrap in 1932.

Introduced in [[Update "Ground Breaking"]], HMS Marlborough is the most powerful battleship in the British naval line, though not the most powerful ship overall. Though eclipsed by [[HMS Hood]], Marlborough still has a couple advantages, with more guns and a staggering 88.11 kg TNTe explosive mass in the high explosive shells, the most of any ship ingame. This does come at the cost of a lack of anti-aircraft as she is in a prewar refit, along with no torpedo bulges. Additionally, Marlborough also has the highest silver lion multiplier possible on a tech tree vehicle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|13.5 inch/45 Mark 5(H) (343 mm)}}

The Marlborough is armed with ten BL 13.5-inch Mark V (H) guns distributed in five twin turrets. Four of these located in the bow and stern, two each, while the fifth turret is located amidships. All are located in the centreline, allowing all main guns to be used in a broadside. They have a maximum rate of fire of 2 rounds/minute with an ace crew. All turrets have +/-150 degrees of traverse, although the amidships turret has somewhat more restricted firing arcs because of the superstructure. Unlike the preceding [[HMS Dreadnought|Dreadnought]], the Marlborough has a modern director fire control system that is considerably more accurate and computes firing solutions faster.

The main guns have a choice of four shells: HE, APC Mark Ia, CPC, and APC Mark IIIa. The HE shell has a massive explosive filler of ~88 kg of TNT equivalent. It is capable of inflicting devastating damage against lightly armoured targets such as destroyers and some light cruisers. The APC Mark Ia has a larger explosive filler (~22 kg TNT equivalent) but less penetration, while the later APC Mark IIIa trades a smaller explosive filler (~16.5 kg TNT equivalent) for more penetration. They are most effective against heavier armour, such as on battleships or armoured cruisers. The CPC is a semi-armour piercing round, combining a respectable amount of penetration with a significantly larger explosive filler (~58 kg TNT equivalent) than the APC ammunition. It is most effective against cruisers, but lacks the penetration to get through battleship belt armour.

{{:13.5 inch/45 Mark 5(H) (343 mm)/Ammunition|13.5 inch HE, 13.5 inch APC Mk.Ia, 13.5 inch CPBC, 13.5 inch APC Mk.IIIa}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|6 inch/45 BL Mark VII (152 mm)}}

The secondary armament of the Marlborough consists of twelve BL 6-inch Mark VII guns located in six casemates on each side of the hull. These have a maximum rate of fire of 7 rounds/minute with an ace crew.

The secondary guns can fire HE or CPC shells. Both shells have fairly large fillers of ~6.6 kg and ~3.7 kg of TNT equivalent, respectively. They are effective against destroyers and can even inflict considerable damage on lightly-armoured cruisers.

{{:6 inch/45 BL Mark VII (152 mm)/Ammunition|6 inch HE, 6 inch CPC}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|4 in QF Mark V (102 mm)}}

The anti-aircraft armament of the Marlborough consists of only four QF 4-inch Mark V guns. Two of these are mounted on each side of the bridge conning tower, with another two mounted beneath the aft mast. These do not have a choice of ammunition, firing only HE shells, which severely restricts their effectiveness against aircraft.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.IV (533 mm)}}

The Marlborough has four 21-inch fixed underwater torpedo tubes. These are located in front of the bow turrets and behind the stern turrets, one facing each side of the ship. These fire the 21-inch Mark IV torpedo, which has a speed and range of 65 km/h and 7.3 km. It is armed with a 234 kg TNT warhead.

== Usage in battles ==

The Marlborough relies on her powerful 13.5-inch main gun battery to inflict heavy damage on enemy vessels from long range. Her HE shells have the largest explosive filler of any shell currently in the game, while the CPC semi-armour piercing round is a lethal threat to cruisers with its blend of decent penetration and potent explosive filler. The AP shells are nothing to sneeze at, either, thanks to their good penetration and respectable fillers. The powerful secondary 6-inch guns are also quite capable of defending the Marlborough against most destroyers and smaller craft that get into range. Manually controlling the secondary guns while waiting for the main guns to reload is also helpful for supplementing the damage output of the Marlborough.

The armour protection on the Marlborough is adequate, but can be improved dramatically by taking advantage of her good main gun traverse arcs to angle the armour. This is particularly important when engaging other battleships, as the upper belt armour is fairly thin, and she does not have a torpedo belt to help break up enemy shells like on the [[USS Wyoming|Wyoming]] or [[Parizhskaya kommuna|Parizhskaya Kommuna]].

The greatest weakness of the Marlborough is her non-existent anti-aircraft defences. Like almost all World War I era ships, she has nearly no anti-aircraft guns and relatively thin deck armour, making her vulnerable to large bombs. She also completely lacks any torpedo bulges or protection, and is thus also very vulnerable to both ship and air launched torpedoes. She is completely reliant on allied cruisers or more modern battleships such as the [[Scharnhorst]] or Parizhskaya Kommuna to provide anti-aircraft protection.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Thick belt armour
* Large explosive fillers in HE and CPC shells
* Heavy 6-inch gun secondary battery
* Above average crew count
* Heavily armoured main gun turrets and bridge conning tower

'''Cons:'''

* Below average manoeuvrability
* Fixed torpedo tubes
* Thickest part of belt armour is submerged below the waterline
* Non-existent anti-aircraft armament
* No torpedo protection

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_battleship_marlborough Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|6kUe7pdqCC0|'''Best Battleships''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 02:09 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7375-development-hms-marlborough-the-iron-duke-en|[Devblog] HMS Marlborough: The Iron Duke]]

{{ShipManufacturer Devonport}}
{{Britain battleships}}

USS Nevada

2023-11-27T01:39:19Z

U40820515: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_battleship_nevada
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is one of two Nevada-class battleships built for the US Navy, laid down in 1912 and commissioned in 1916. USS Nevada was commissioned first, making her the first "Standard-Type" battleship. Her innovations would be carried forward into the future American battleships, including triple gun turrets and the introduction of the "all-or-nothing" armour scheme. She would serve with distinction through both World Wars, seeing extensive combat action during World War II in particular.

She was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]], and although having a slightly smaller main battery than the later [[USS Arizona]], she stands out with her incredibly strong secondary and anti-aircraft batteries. Coming in her late war refit, USS Nevada gives American bluewater captains their first battleship with both strong firepower, and the ability to easily fend off air attack. This does come with the caveat of having at minimum a 40 second reload on the main battery; it's recommended to keep enemies at a distance where the long time between salvos can be mitigated.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Nevada is a very well-armoured battleship. Like other American battleships of the time, she was designed to be able to resist guns similar to her own {{Annotation|14-inch|356 mm}} guns at expected battle ranges. This gives her a main armour belt of {{Annotation|13.5 inches|343 mm}}, the same as the later [[USS Arizona]]. Keep in mind that "expected battle ranges" as designed were usually much further than what is typical in War Thunder, so Captains can't always expect their armour to hold up against guns such as the British {{Annotation|13.5-inch|343 mm}} and the various {{Annotation|14-inch|356 mm}} guns; albeit {{Annotation|12-inch|305 mm}} shells should usually be stopped. The belt goes from {{Annotation|13.5 inches|343 mm}} at the waterline, to {{Annotation|8 inches|203 mm}} slightly below the waterline and {{Annotation|3 inches|76.2 mm}} further down. This leads into the torpedo protection, which on Nevada protects against torpedoes with warheads of up to 250 kg explosive mass.

The best armoured areas on the ship are the turrets; the angled {{Annotation|16-inch|406.4 mm}} plates on the turret faces are almost impenetrable, the 43 degree angle making it incredibly unlikely for any fire to penetrate the face. The armour is lighter on the sides, rear and top with {{Annotation|10 inches|254 mm}}, {{Annotation|9 inches|228.6 mm}}, and {{Annotation|5 inches|127 mm}} respectively. This leaves the sides and top of the turrets vulnerable to even heavy cruisers, so it's recommended to be cautious of exposing the sides of the turrets. The barbettes also have {{Annotation|13 inches|330.2 mm}} of armour, which is quite good, more than most battleships of the same rank. The magazines are placed slightly below the waterline and against the waterline, mostly shielding them from enemy fire; however shots on a flat trajectory directly above the waterline do pose a slight risk of ammo rack detonation.

USS Nevada was the first ship ever to use the "all or nothing" armour scheme. This armour philosophy uses the most armour in critical areas like the citadel, and none in other areas. This is perfect for fighting enemy capital ships at range, as AP shells will pass through unimportant areas that lack armour armour without fusing, and allows for the thickest possible armour over important sections of the ship. However, keep in mind that this also makes the unprotected areas of the ship (especially the amidship deck) vulnerable to taking damage from smaller ships, even destroyers. These areas may not be important, but crew still resides in these areas and constant repairing will still bleed crew, even more so on Nevada since she has so many secondary and anti-aircraft guns.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

USS Nevada, as the first Standard-type battleship, was originally designed to hit {{Annotation|21.0 kn|39 km/h;24.2 mph}}. However, as Nevada comes in her 1944 refit that speed has decreased by a knot to {{Annotation|20.0 kn|37 km/h;23 mph}} due to the increased displacement caused by the prodigious amounts of anti-aircraft guns and the add-on torpedo bulges. This places her as the slowest battleship currently in the US Bluewater fleet, and slower than most of the contemporary battleships in other nations as well. This speed falls to only {{Annotation|14.0 kn|26 km/h;16 mph}} when in a turn, which although making her an easier target, can be used by captains in a pinch to slow the ship to dodge long range enemy fire. USS Nevada is also rather slow to respond to the helm, taking approximately 4-5 seconds to begin turning from the initial command. Captains should plan their routes ahead, as Nevada is unable to navigate through sharp turns easily. She does however easily halt the turn, lacking the tendency of the [[USS Arizona]] to reverse the turn after the rudder is released.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|14 inch/45 Mk.12 (356 mm)}}

USS Nevada is armed with a total of 10 x {{Annotation|14-inch|356 mm}} 45-calibre cannons, arranged in four turrets, two superfiring forward, two superfiring aft. Interestingly, the Nevada uses a mix of triple and double turrets, the double superfiring over the triple turrets. This arrangement was used instead of 4 triple turrets to minimize the space taken up by the barbettes and magazines, as larger triple turrets would have taken up the room which the machinery spaces currently occupy, forcing a larger and heavier displacement ship. Although the same calibre as the Arizona, these {{Annotation|14-inch|356 mm}} guns are the Mark 12 version rather than the earlier Mark 8 of the Arizona, though the guns of both ships share the exact same shell performance, giving Arizona a slight edge in surface warfare due to the extra two guns. Interesting to note, the guns in A turret are actually the same barrels that were on [[USS Arizona]] when she was sunk on the attack on Pearl Harbor; these had been salvaged and were used to replace Nevada's worn out barrels, being relined to Mark 12 specifications.

Like the Arizona, the Nevada has the same cramped turrets, resulting in the same excruciating reload time of 40 seconds at best, meaning that any missed salvoes will seriously cut into the damage output. This can be partially mitigated by firing the turrets separately; this can be especially effective against light targets such as destroyers and light cruisers, and allow some ability to engage multiple targets.

The Mk.9 HE, with 46.67 kg TNT equivalent, can cause flooding and fire on any ship taking a hit, the damage may be severe enough from a concentrated salvo for many destroyers and sometimes even cruisers to roll over and capsize. It should be noted, however, that USN ammunition has historically contained less filler than other nations' navies. While containing more filler than the Japanese and German {{Annotation|12-inch|305 mm}} shells, it does not compare favourably even against the {{Annotation|12-inch|305 mm}} shells on Russian/Soviet capital ships, let alone against the monstrous 88.11 kg explosive mass found on the {{Annotation|13.5-inch|343 mm}} of [[HMS Marlborough]].

The Mk.8 AP shell has fairly respectable levels of penetration, with a maximum of 637 mm at 1 km and 444 mm at 10 km. This is the main shell to use on enemy capital ships, and especially those with effective armour layouts. The bursting charge is not bad either, standing at 15.24 kg, heavier than the charge in Japanese {{Annotation|14-inch|356 mm}} AP, though lighter than the charge in British {{Annotation|13.5-inch|343 mm}} Mk.Ia AP. To get the most out of the shell, it is recommended to aim for magazines, engines, shell magazines, and other essential components of the enemy ships. This shell is usually not suited for firing upon ships such as destroyers or lightly armoured cruisers (<70-100 mm armour) unless being fired directly down the centreline of the vessel, as it will more often than not fly through the ship and explode in the open, rather than on the inside the enemy ship.

{{:14 inch/45 Mk.12 (356 mm)/Ammunition|14 inch Mk.9 HE, 14 inch Mk.8 APCBC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

USS Nevada comes equipped with a secondary battery consisting of 8 x dual {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 calibre guns, arranged 4 per side amidships. This effectively gives the Nevada the same secondary broadside as the [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] destroyers found earlier in the bluewater line. These guns have an incredibly quick reload rate of as low as 3.6 seconds; this allows captains to quickly dish out damage to destroyers and light cruisers, helping to cope with the exceptionally long reload found on the main battery. For this purpose the "SP Common" shells are recommended, as though they have less filler than the normal common shells, they still do good post-penetration damage and give sufficient penetration to damage light cruisers at close range.

The {{Annotation|5-inchers|127 mm}} also have access to two types of high explosive shells; these are the AAC Mk.34 ({{Annotation|HE|High-Explosive}}) and AAVT Mk.31 ({{Annotation|HE-VT|High-Explosive Variable Timed}}). Both have identical quantities of explosive filler, therefore it's recommended to use the {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-Explosive Variable Timed}} in all circumstances. It will do equal damage to surface targets, while still being able to reliably engage air targets with the proximity fuse. This combined with the quick fire rate allows for effective anti-aircraft fire at ranges exceeding the smaller calibre guns. As Nevada has a radar, this can be used to spot enemy air targets approaching, although Nevada lacks a tracking radar director so captains would have to rely on aiming manually unlike other ships with fire directors like the [[USS Des Moines]].

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (40 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

USS Nevada has an exceptional array of anti-aircraft armaments, and when combined with the secondary battery it makes her one of the most lethal targets for enemy aircraft to engage. Her dedicated anti-aircraft battery consists of both the 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikon, both of which should be very familiar from other USN vessels of the time period. The heavy hitters from this battery will be the 40 mm Bofors, which are arranged in 8 quad turrets, for 32 barrels total. These are arranged around the superstructure, clear of the level of the {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 calibre gun mounts. One quad mount each is placed forward and aft of the superstructure, with three more mounted on the wings of each side. This gives a broadside of 20 barrels, with the full quantity being available for targets well above the aircraft. These can also be very useful in destroying boats and crippling or destroying lightly armoured destroyers, the large quantity of fire can prove very effective.

If an aircraft manages to get past the {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive Variable Timed}} fire and the 40 mm battery, Nevada also has 40 single mount 20 mm Oerlikons scattered across her decks and lower superstructure. These have much more limited range, and with the higher speed that aircraft attain at these ranks, they are unlikely to be able to take down enemy aircraft before they release their weapons. More often than not they'll do damage as the aircraft is releasing and flying over the ship instead. These guns can also be used at very close range against unarmoured boats, but they are unlikely to be nearly as effective as the Bofors in this regard.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent quality 356 mm shells
* Heavily armoured belt
* Reasonably powerful secondary armaments
* Large and effective AA suite

'''Cons:'''

* Incredibly slow
* Unarmoured deck can cause the ship to bleed a significant amount of crew from fire and HE damage
* AA suite were highly vulnerable to explosive blasts
* Long main battery reload

== History ==

The USS Nevada was a pivotal design both for the US Navy and the world, with a long and storied service career. The Nevada-class was the first of the second-generation US dreadnoughts, and many of her design choices would set a new standard for the rest of the "Standard" type of battleships that the US would design until after the end of WW2. Design choices included a speed of {{Annotation|21.0 kn|39 km/h;24.2 mph}} (average for a battleship at the time) and similar agility across all classes, which would allow multiple years of battleships to operate seamlessly together in a fleet; this both made maintaining formation much simpler and also ensured that one class of battleship wouldn't outstrip another if called to flank speed. Oil fuel for ease of refueling, geared steam turbines giving extra range to cover the Pacific, and the new and unique triple gun turret were all features pioneered by the Nevada that would be used by the rest of the US fleet going forward as well. And of course, the new "all or nothing" armour scheme. This was to provide maximum protection to the areas that needed it, with a larger and thicker belt than previous designs but without the thinner strips of armor covering the entire hull. Armour piercing rounds would instead fly right through the ship without fusing, and the vitals of the ship were better protected. This would go on to be adopted by every other competent naval power after the end of the first World War.

'''World War One'''
She would begin construction in late 1912, and be launched in July of 1914. She would join the Atlantic fleet in May of 1916, where until the American involvement in WW1 she would conduct training cruises. With the onset of war for the United States in 1917, she would be unable to join the battleships heading to Britain due to a lack of fuel oil, though she would later join Battleship Division 6, based in Ireland, in August of 1918. Fortunately (or unfortunately) the war would end soon after, and Nevada wouldn't get a chance to engage any targets in WW1. She would however get the chance to escort President Woodrow Wilson to the Paris Peace Conference at the close of the war.

'''Interwar'''
In the interwar period nothing of major note would occur for Nevada, as she would conduct many cruises with both the Atlantic and Pacific fleets. She would however receive a large refit from 1927-1930, including newer and more efficient boilers and turbines, torpedo bulges, a new {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/25 anti-aircraft battery (the predecessor to the infamous {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38) and spotter planes. She would go on in broadly this configuration until the start of WW2

'''World War Two'''
The American involvement in the second world war would begin with Pearl Harbor, which Nevada was present for. She would be the only American battleship to get underway, taking many hits in the progress. She would be hit by one torpedo while at berth, and at least 6 more bombs as the attack went on, though this number was most likely higher as the damage surveyed indicated that several of the hits were most likely too large to have been caused by one bomb. As she was caught off guard like the rest of the US fleet, her watertight doors and compartments were not shut before the attack, so the decision was made to beach her rather than have her sink and possibly block access to the harbor. She would then be refloated and sent off for repairs and refit, which included massively increasing her anti-aircraft battery, and upgrading her secondaries to the {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 dual purpose gun.

Once out from her refit, she would go on to escort convoys before participating as fire support for the D-Day landings, ranging as far as 31 km from shore in support of allied troops. Some of the targets she hit were only 550 meters away from the front line, incredibly close and accurate for battleship fire. USS Nevada was the only battleship present for both Normandy and Pearl Harbor. She would go on to assist with another landing at Toulon; being one of the battleships to duel with "Big Willie". This was a well armoured fortress with 4 {{Annotation|13.4-inch|340 mm}} battleship guns for firepower. This would go on for 10 days until the fortress finally fell, at which point Nevada needed to have her guns relined. As part of this process, her three forward guns were replaced with some salvaged from the wreck of the [[USS Arizona]], granting her some measure of revenge for her loss.

USS Nevada would then be sent to the Pacific, providing fire support at Iwo Jima and Okinawa, at some points coming within 550 meters of the shore in support of troops. She would take 2 hits during this time, a minor one from a shore battery and a direct hit from a kamikaze mission. Despite taking multiple hits from anti-aircraft fire, the kamikaze would make a direct hit, knocking turret 3 out of action. She would later come in range of the Japanese home islands before the wars end, though no bombardment was made.

'''Post War'''
After hostilities ended, she would serve a short stint of occupation duty before returning to the United States. The Navy decided she was too old to be maintained post war, and so the decision was made to her her as a target ship. She was painted bright orange (this is actually available ingame on the War Thunder marketplace) and was then subjected to 2 atomic blasts. The first, "Able" was an airburst only 1.6 km away, and the second, known as "Baker" was an underwater explosion. Nevada, though slightly damaged, would survive both nuclear blasts and was still considered operational. At this point she was extremely radioactive, so the choice was made to sink her as gunnery practice. This would include fire from multiple cruisers and an Iowa-class battleship at as little as 8 km, but she also survived this. She was finally sunk by a [[TBF-1C]] dropping a torpedo, and would capsize and sink on the 31st of July, 1948. Her wreck would not be found until 2020.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_battleship_nevada Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos

{{Youtube-gallery|iue3T_dXiaE|'''USS Nevada (BB-36) - Setting the Standard''' - ''Cmdr. Tyrael''}}

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8110-development-uss-nevada-bb-36-cutting-the-edge-en|[Devblog] USS Nevada (BB-36): Cutting the Edge]]

{{ShipManufacturer Fore River Shipyard}}
{{USA battleships}}

USS Texas

2023-11-27T00:42:08Z

U40820515: /* Mobility */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_battleship_texas
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The USS Texas was a New York-class battleship. Built as the first ship of her class, even before the lead ship USS New York, she was built by Newport News Shipbuilding shipyard and laid down on 17th April 1911 and commissioned on 12th March 1914. USS Texas was the first in many things for the US Navy, including the first to carry 14-inch (356 mm) guns, the first to mount anti-aircraft guns, the first to be able to launch aircraft, the first to control gunfire with directors and range keepers, and one of the first to receive a production radar. She is also the last surviving dreadnought-style battleship, conserved as a museum ship in dry-dock in Galveston, Texas.

Her armament consisted of five turrets each armed with a pair of 14-inch/45 Mark 12 cannons, with two turrets on the bow, one amidships and the last two astern. Secondary armament was made up of six 5 inch Mark 7 (127 mm) cannons in casemates with 3 on each side of hull. Short range anti-aircraft battery is supplied with a total of forty-four Oerlikon Mk. II 20 mm autocannons in various positions all over the ship, while medium-range defence is made up of ten quadruple Bofors L/60 Mark 2 cannons. Long-range anti-air protection is made up of ten 3-inch/50 Mk.10 (76 mm) cannons. USS Texas served in WWI in Europe without seeing any action. In 1926 she underwent a refit that added torpedo blisters to the side of hull, making it wider. At the beginning of WWII, she patrolled the Atlantic until returning to United States in 1941. In 1942, she would return to the Atlantic and then the Mediterranean as part of task force supporting Operation Torch. During the North African landings, she conducted two fire support missions bombarding Vichy French positions. Until D-Day in 1944, she resumed escorting convoys. She supported the Omaha beach landing and Rangers attacking Pointe du Hoc. After the capture of France, she left to the Pacific to take part in the Battle of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. She was placed in reserve on 18th June 1946. She became a museum ship in 1948.

USS Texas was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as the third 14-inch US Navy battleship. Unlike [[USS Arizona|Arizona]], she possesses less firepower due to having only ten guns instead of twelve found on Arizona. As a WWI-era coal-powered dreadnought, USS Texas is quite slow and sluggish. Her magazines, although at the waterline, are protected by 305 mm thick belt armour which is sufficient protection against most long-range shells coming in at an angle. As USS Texas is in her 1945 refit, she has an anti-air search radar at her disposal, giving information about incoming threats from afar and with her large battery of medium and light autocannons ready to deal with any threat.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

Being the last of the US Navy dreadnoughts before [[USS Nevada]] introduced the "all-or-nothing" armour scheme, USS Texas uses the older distributed armour scheme. Compared to the other US battleships at her rank, this means she has both a thinner and narrower main belt than both the [[USS Nevada]] and [[USS Arizona]], with a {{Annotation|12-inch|304.8 mm}} belt. This is still greater than the earlier Delaware and [[Wyoming (Family)|Wyoming-class]] battleships, but the belt doesn't cover nearly as extensive an area. It quickly falls off to {{Annotation|9 inches|228.6 mm}} of armour covering the majority of the hull, ending slightly below the secondary battery with {{Annotation|6.5 inches|165.1 mm}} of armour plating. While this is beneficial when fighting light cruisers and below, this does allow strong heavy cruisers and battleships to still quite easily punch through the belt at typical ranges; the armour only serving to trigger the fuse on armour-piercing shells. Overall, this armour scheme is better for fighting cruisers, but compared to contemporary rank battleships like the [[USS Nevada|Nevada]] it will be worse off in a battleship duel.

As is standard for US battleships, the main-battery turrets are still well armoured, though not to the extreme extent of the later battleships. A {{Annotation|14-inch|355.6 mm}} plate, angled at 26 degrees serves as the main protection, and should protect from all but the most powerful battleship guns at point blank range; more than adequate enough for 99 percent of engagements. The sides and rear of the turrets however fall down to {{Annotation|8 inches|203.2 mm}}, capable of being penetrated by nearly every cruiser. Captains should remember to keep their turrets oriented towards the majority of threats, as being shot from these angles will easily disable them. The top is well protected from plunging fire with a {{Annotation|5.75-inch|146.05 mm}} plate, and the barbettes are reasonably armoured with {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} of armour covering the majority, although there are some sections fore and aft with only {{Annotation|10 inches|254 mm}}. The deck has a complicated, multilayer layout. The upper layer ranges from {{Annotation|1.75 inches|44.45 mm}} to {{Annotation|2.75 inches|69.85 mm}} in thickness, and serves to trigger the fuse on plunging shells or AP bombs. The second layer then ranges from {{Annotation|1-inch|25.4 mm}} to {{Annotation|1.5 inches|38.1 mm}} of armour, and should stop any explosive damage or splinters from reaching the magazines or the engine room. The magazines are positioned mostly below the waterline, but as with other American battleships, a small amount does protrude over the waterline; captains should attempt to make this difficult to hit.

Finally, the USS Texas is in her 1945 refit, and therefore has access to torpedo bulges. These will absorb up to 250 kg warheads, the same as other US battleships. This should protect from most torpedo drops, although a few select torpedoes like those found on the [[PT-810]] or, of course, anything with the [[Type 93 (610 mm) (Family)|Long Lance]] will blow past this protection, and usually only one or two of these are lethal. Captains should not rely on this torpedo protection, and instead should attempt to avoid torpedoes as much as possible; if a torpedo hit is inevitable, avoid a hit near the magazines if at all possible.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

USS Texas as designed was intended to hit {{Annotation|21.0 kn|39 km/h;24.2 mph}} at flank speed, similar to that of other US Navy battleships at the time. Over time, this would fall incredibly slightly to {{Annotation|20.5 kn|38 km/h;23 mph}} with the extra weight of the torpedo bulges, armour and anti-aircraft guns. This places her squarely between the [[USS Arizona]] which is still in its prewar refit and [[USS Nevada]], the current slowest US battleship. It takes Texas approximately 40 seconds to attain this speed and 50 seconds to come to a halt. Just like with other battleships, Texas has a wide turning circle, and whilst doing so her speed falls to only {{Annotation|14.0 kn|26 km/h;16 mph}}. It also takes her quite some time to respond to the helm, approximately 4-5 seconds passing before she actually begins the turn. Captains should be wary of this tendency when attempting to traverse congested waters, as it is exceedingly easy to run aground when attempting to do so. Another quirk of the Texas is that similar to the [[USS Arizona|Arizona]], her bow does like to swing back around in the opposite direction after turning, so some slight rudder usage might be necessary to keep the bow in the intended direction.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|14 inch/45 Mk.12 (356 mm)}}

The commissioning of the New York class introduced the 14" (356 mm) gun as the most powerful naval cannon in the world until the British commissioned the first of the Queen Elizabeth class ships later that year, and was still quite formidable even by the end of WW2. Mounted in five double turrets, there is a measure of resiliency by less loss of firepower from a disabled turret.

Only armour-piercing and high-explosive shells are available for the ship. The HE shells are decidedly mediocre for the calibre in terms of explosive filler, but the AP shells have a very respectable level of penetration for a high tier ship, especially as the range increases.

{{:14 inch/45 Mk.12 (356 mm)/Ammunition|14 inch Mk.9 HE, 14 inch Mk.8 APCBC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/51 Mk.7 (127 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:5 inch/51 Mk.7 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5-inch Mk.15 common, 5 inch APC}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|3-inch/50 Mk.10 (76 mm)|Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (40 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

In ship-to-ship combat, the Texas will be similar to the [[USS Nevada]] and [[USS Arizona]], which struggle against the latest battlecruisers and battleships; all three are at least 20 years older and the technology differences shows. What Texas will excel at is AAA cover, with its excellent AAA quantity and quality, assisted by radar to spot incoming threats. Try to stay near friendly ships to protect them against aerial threats and any small torpedo boats trying to sneak in.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 10 x 14" (356 mm) main guns
* 5 individual turrets
* Massive number of AA guns
* Aerial search and tracking radars
* Resistant to HE shells

'''Cons:'''

* Armour weak against AP shells
* Sluggish manoeuvring
* No dual purpose 127 mm, heavy AA is limited to the 76 mm guns.
* 14" rounds weaker compared to other newer types

== History ==

The USS Texas is truly "The First and the Last". Although ordered after the USS New York (BB-34), construction started, was finished, and commissioned into the US Navy two months ahead. At commissioning she was the first capital ship in world to mount 14" cannons and the first US Navy "super dreadnought". This was just a start!
USS Texas lists of '''Firsts''' ''in the US Navy'':

* Anti-Air gun installation, 3" on top of the ship cranes; August 1916
* Test "kite balloon" in mid 1918
* Test feasibility of carrying exposed aircraft across ocean 20 October - 4 November 1918 (platforms installed by British Royal Navy at Jarrow Slake, England).
* First to launch aircraft; 11 March 1919
* First to mount radar; Late 1938
* First US warship to be decommissioned and become a permanent museum

Finally

* '''''The Last''''' Dreadnought style battleship left afloat in the world.

USS Texas served in the US Navy an extraordinarily long time even before becoming a museum, was a witness to monumental changes in human history. Some key dates compared to events in Texas history to illustrate world events.

'''17 April 1911:''' construction of what will be ''USS Texas (''BB-35), began.

15 April 1912: the ''RMS Titanic'' sank, a tragic event still discussed today.

'''18 May 1912:''' Just ''33 days after'' the Titanic tragedy the ''USS Texas'' is launched into the water.

'''12 March 1914''': ''USS Texas'' is commissioned into the US Navy, the most powerful warship in the world.

28 July 1914: A month following the assassination of ''Archduke Franz Ferdinand'', Europe erupts into '''''World War One'''''.

6 April 1917: After years of avoiding it, the United States is drawn into the war.

11 November 1918: "''The war to end all wars''" concludes.

6 February 1922: The "Washington Naval Treaty" was signed, a ten year moratorium on battleship construction however allowed upgrades.

'''31 July 1925''': Instead of the original plan to scrap, due to the treaty the plans changed to a massive modernization of the ''USS Texas''.

'''23 November 1926''': Effectively a new ship, the ''Texas'' one again became the USN Flagship.

'''Approximately 1935''': With rising geopolitical tensions, the anticipated decommissioning was once again postponed.

'''1 September 1939''': '''''World War 2 begins'''''.

6 and 9 August 1945: Two '''''atomic bombs dropped''''' on Japan, heralding the nuclear age.

14 October 1947: The Bell X-1 was ''first aircraft to officially break the sound barrier''.

'''21 April 1948''': USS Texas is officially decommissioned, ownership transferred to the State of Texas and becoming a permanent museum.

'''30 April 1948:''' her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register.

'''13 December 1988''' to '''8 September 1990''': USS Texas was dry docked and underwent extensive restoration before reopening.

'''31 August 2022''': USS Texas began a second, more extensive restoration project requiring replacement of corroded torpedo budges.

== Media ==


{{Youtube-gallery|tLDSjKHU6RA|'''Saving Battleship Texas: Tow to Dry Dock''' - ''Battleship Texas''|cTW6RX5ECMc|'''Battleship Texas, Climbing A Turret''' - ''Tom Scott, The Older One''}}

== See also ==


* [[HMS Marlborough]], another battleship with very similar layout

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8419-development-uss-texas-bb-35-the-first-and-the-last-en|[Devblog] USS Texas (BB-35): The First and the Last]]
* [https://battleshiptexas.org Battleship Texas Foundation], the organization in charge of restoring the U.S.S. Texas
* [https://battleshiptexas.info/index.html Battleship Texas Info], an extremely detailed site about the Texas, created by one of the restoration volunteers.

{{ShipManufacturer Newport News}}
{{USA battleships}}

USS Texas

2023-11-24T06:10:39Z

U40820515: /* Survivability and armour */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_battleship_texas
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The USS Texas was a New York-class battleship. Built as the first ship of her class, even before the lead ship USS New York, she was built by Newport News Shipbuilding shipyard and laid down on 17th April 1911 and commissioned on 12th March 1914. USS Texas was the first in many things for the US Navy, including the first to carry 14-inch (356 mm) guns, the first to mount anti-aircraft guns, the first to be able to launch aircraft, the first to control gunfire with directors and range keepers, and one of the first to receive a production radar. She is also the last surviving dreadnought-style battleship, conserved as a museum ship in dry-dock in Galveston, Texas.

Her armament consisted of five turrets each armed with a pair of 14-inch/45 Mark 12 cannons, with two turrets on the bow, one amidships and the last two astern. Secondary armament was made up of six 5 inch Mark 7 (127 mm) cannons in casemates with 3 on each side of hull. Short range anti-aircraft battery is supplied with a total of forty-four Oerlikon Mk. II 20 mm autocannons in various positions all over the ship, while medium-range defence is made up of ten quadruple Bofors L/60 Mark 2 cannons. Long-range anti-air protection is made up of ten 3-inch/50 Mk.10 (76 mm) cannons. USS Texas served in WWI in Europe without seeing any action. In 1926 she underwent a refit that added torpedo blisters to the side of hull, making it wider. At the beginning of WWII, she patrolled the Atlantic until returning to United States in 1941. In 1942, she would return to the Atlantic and then the Mediterranean as part of task force supporting Operation Torch. During the North African landings, she conducted two fire support missions bombarding Vichy French positions. Until D-Day in 1944, she resumed escorting convoys. She supported the Omaha beach landing and Rangers attacking Pointe du Hoc. After the capture of France, she left to the Pacific to take part in the Battle of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. She was placed in reserve on 18th June 1946. She became a museum ship in 1948.

USS Texas was introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as the third 14-inch US Navy battleship. Unlike [[USS Arizona|Arizona]], she possesses less firepower due to having only ten guns instead of twelve found on Arizona. As a WWI-era coal-powered dreadnought, USS Texas is quite slow and sluggish. Her magazines, although at the waterline, are protected by 305 mm thick belt armour which is sufficient protection against most long-range shells coming in at an angle. As USS Texas is in her 1945 refit, she has an anti-air search radar at her disposal, giving information about incoming threats from afar and with her large battery of medium and light autocannons ready to deal with any threat.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

Being the last of the US Navy dreadnoughts before [[USS Nevada]] introduced the "all-or-nothing" armor scheme, USS Texas uses the older distributed armor scheme. Compared to the other US battleships at her rank, this means she has both a thinner and narrower main belt than both the [[USS Nevada]] and [[USS Arizona]]; with a {{Annotation|12-inch|304.8 mm}} belt. This is still greater than the earlier Delaware and [[Wyoming (Family)|Wyoming-class]] battleships, but the belt doesn't cover nearly as extensive an area. It quickly falls off to {{Annotation|9 inches|228.6 mm}} of armor covering the majority of the hull, ending slightly below the secondary battery with {{Annotation|6.5 inches|165.1 mm}} of armor plating. While this is beneficial when fighting light cruisers and below, this does allow strong heavy cruisers and battleships to still quite easily punch through the belt at typical ranges; the armor only serving to trigger the fuse on armour-piercing shells. Overall, this armour scheme is better for fighting cruisers, but compared to contemporary rank battleships like the [[USS Nevada|Nevada]] it will be worse off in a battleship duel.

As is standard for US battleships, the main-battery turrets are still well armoured, though not to the extreme extent of the later battleships. A {{Annotation|14-inch|355.6 mm}} plate, angled at 26 degrees serves as the main protection, and should protect from all but the most powerful battleship guns at point blank range; more than adequate enough for 99 percent of engagements. The sides and rear of the turrets however fall down to {{Annotation|8 inches|203.2 mm}}, capable of being penetrated by nearly every cruiser. Captains should remember to keep their turrets oriented towards the majority of threats, as being shot from these angles will easily disable them. The top is well protected from plunging fire with a {{Annotation|5.75-inch|146.05 mm}} plate, and the barbettes are reasonably armoured with {{Annotation|12 inches|304.8 mm}} of armour covering the majority, although there are some sections fore and aft with only {{Annotation|10 inches|254 mm}}. Th deck has a complicated, multilayer layout. The upper layer ranges from {{Annotation|1.75 inches|44.45 mm}} to {{Annotation|2.75 inches|69.85 mm}} in thickness, and serves to trigger the fuse on plunging shells or AP bombs. The second layer then ranges from {{Annotation|1-inch|25.4 mm}} to {{Annotation|1.5 inches|38.1 mm}} of armor, and should stop any explosive damage or splinters from reaching the magazines or the engine room. Speaking of, the magazines are positioned mostly below the waterline, but as with other American battleships a small amount does protrude over the waterline; captains should attempt to make this difficult to hit.

Finally, the USS Texas is in her 1945 refit, and therefore has access to torpedo bulges. These will absorb up to 250 kg warheads, the same as other US battleships. This should protect from most torpedo drops, although a few select torpedos like those found on the [[PT-810]] or of course; anything with the [[Type 93 (610 mm) (Family)|Long Lance]] will blow past this protection, and usually only one or two of these are lethal. Captains should not rely on this torpedo protection, and instead should attempt to avoid torpedos as much as possible; if a torpedo hit is inevitable, avoid a hit near the magazines if at all possible.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Big and slow like other battleships, one can make a fresh pot of US Navy coffee in the time to turn 180 degrees! Plan which way to turn when entering battle and don't try to turn around. Small turns to help guns line up to target is advisable, especially the 5" (127 mm) guns as they have limited arcs. The acceleration and deceleration is equally unimpressive, with the ship taking a laborious pace to get up to speed and taking a fair amount of time to come to a stop again.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|14 inch/45 Mk.12 (356 mm)}}

The commissioning of the New York class introduced the 14" (356 mm) gun as the most powerful naval cannon in the world until the British commissioned the first of the Queen Elizabeth class ships later that year, and was still quite formidable even by the end of WW2. Mounted in five double turrets, there is a measure of resiliency by less loss of firepower from a disabled turret.

Only armour-piercing and high-explosive shells are available for the ship. The HE shells are decidedly mediocre for the calibre in terms of explosive filler, but the AP shells have a very respectable level of penetration for a high tier ship, especially as the range increases.

{{:14 inch/45 Mk.12 (356 mm)/Ammunition|14 inch Mk.9 HE, 14 inch Mk.8 APCBC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/51 Mk.7 (127 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:5 inch/51 Mk.7 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5-inch Mk.15 common, 5 inch APC}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|3-inch/50 Mk.10 (76 mm)|Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (40 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

In ship-to-ship combat, the Texas will be similar to the [[USS Nevada]] and [[USS Arizona]], which struggle against the latest battlecruisers and battleships; all three are at least 20 years older and the technology differences shows. What Texas will excel at is AAA cover, with its excellent AAA quantity and quality, assisted by radar to spot incoming threats. Try to stay near friendly ships to protect them against aerial threats and any small torpedo boats trying to sneak in.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 10 x 14" (356 mm) main guns
* 5 individual turrets
* Massive number of AA guns
* Aerial search and tracking radars
* Resistant to HE shells

'''Cons:'''

* Armour weak against AP shells
* Sluggish manoeuvring
* No dual purpose 127 mm, heavy AA is limited to the 76 mm guns.
* 14" rounds weaker compared to other newer types

== History ==

The USS Texas is truly "The First and the Last". Although ordered after the USS New York (BB-34), construction started, was finished, and commissioned into the US Navy two months ahead. At commissioning she was the first capital ship in world to mount 14" cannons and the first US Navy "super dreadnought". This was just a start!
USS Texas lists of '''Firsts''' ''in the US Navy'':

* Anti-Air gun installation, 3" on top of the ship cranes; August 1916
* Test "kite balloon" in mid 1918
* Test feasibility of carrying exposed aircraft across ocean 20 October - 4 November 1918 (platforms installed by British Royal Navy at Jarrow Slake, England).
* First to launch aircraft; 11 March 1919
* First to mount radar; Late 1938
* First US warship to be decommissioned and become a permanent museum

Finally

* '''''The Last''''' Dreadnought style battleship left afloat in the world.

USS Texas served in the US Navy an extraordinarily long time even before becoming a museum, was a witness to monumental changes in human history. Some key dates compared to events in Texas history to illustrate world events.

'''17 April 1911:''' construction of what will be ''USS Texas (''BB-35), began.

15 April 1912: the ''RMS Titanic'' sank, a tragic event still discussed today.

'''18 May 1912:''' Just ''33 days after'' the Titanic tragedy the ''USS Texas'' is launched into the water.

'''12 March 1914''': ''USS Texas'' is commissioned into the US Navy, the most powerful warship in the world.

28 July 1914: A month following the assassination of ''Archduke Franz Ferdinand'', Europe erupts into '''''World War One'''''.

6 April 1917: After years of avoiding it, the United States is drawn into the war.

11 November 1918: "''The war to end all wars''" concludes.

6 February 1922: The "Washington Naval Treaty" was signed, a ten year moratorium on battleship construction however allowed upgrades.

'''31 July 1925''': Instead of the original plan to scrap, due to the treaty the plans changed to a massive modernization of the ''USS Texas''.

'''23 November 1926''': Effectively a new ship, the ''Texas'' one again became the USN Flagship.

'''Approximately 1935''': With rising geopolitical tensions, the anticipated decommissioning was once again postponed.

'''1 September 1939''': '''''World War 2 begins'''''.

6 and 9 August 1945: Two '''''atomic bombs dropped''''' on Japan, heralding the nuclear age.

14 October 1947: The Bell X-1 was ''first aircraft to officially break the sound barrier''.

'''21 April 1948''': USS Texas is officially decommissioned, ownership transferred to the State of Texas and becoming a permanent museum.

'''30 April 1948:''' her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register.

'''13 December 1988''' to '''8 September 1990''': USS Texas was dry docked and underwent extensive restoration before reopening.

'''31 August 2022''': USS Texas began a second, more extensive restoration project requiring replacement of corroded torpedo budges.

== Media ==


{{Youtube-gallery|tLDSjKHU6RA|'''Saving Battleship Texas: Tow to Dry Dock''' - ''Battleship Texas''|cTW6RX5ECMc|'''Battleship Texas, Climbing A Turret''' - ''Tom Scott, The Older One''}}

== See also ==


* [[HMS Marlborough]], another battleship with very similar layout

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8419-development-uss-texas-bb-35-the-first-and-the-last-en|[Devblog] USS Texas (BB-35): The First and the Last]]
* [https://battleshiptexas.org Battleship Texas Foundation], the organization in charge of restoring the U.S.S. Texas
* [https://battleshiptexas.info/index.html Battleship Texas Info], an extremely detailed site about the Texas, created by one of the restoration volunteers.

{{ShipManufacturer Newport News}}
{{USA battleships}}

USS Davis

2023-10-23T17:32:58Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_destroyer_somers_davis
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=id50174_uss_davis_usa
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is the 4th ship of the [[Somers (Family)|Somers-class]] of American destroyers. Laid down in July of 1936, she wouldn't be commissioned until November of 1938. Notably, DD-395 is the 3rd USN ship to be named after Rear Admiral Charles Henry Davis, and wasn't the last either. She would go on to serve in WW2, not seeing much action. Beginning the conflict in the Neutrality patrol, once the United States entered the war would continue to serve in the Caribbean and Atlantic theaters of operation. While patrolling for the Normandy landings, she would repel a German E-boat attack, before suffering damage from a mine and having to be repaired. She would go back to convoy escort duties for the remainder of the war, before being decommissioned in 1945 after the close of the war.

Introduced as an event reward for [[wt:en/news/7640-event-the-battle-for-arachis-en|"Battle for Arachis"]], USS Davis shares many similarities with other US destroyers of the rank. This includes the main armament of 8x {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38, which is some of the strongest for destroyers, with good damage and excellent fire rate. It does have a smaller belt than the [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]], but in exchange it has much more crew, greatly increasing its survivability overall. This combination of firepower and survivability makes the Davis a menace when facing other destroyers and even many light cruisers. Additionally, the silver lion gain with the USS Davis is also extremely high; it has the highest modifier possible at 1800%.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

With a flank speed of {{Annotation|37 kn|69 km/h;43 mph}}, USS Davis is a quick and nimble destroyer for USN captains. Responding to rudder commands within two seconds, captains should feel at ease manoeuvering near terrain, as in most cases rudder response will be quick enough to avoid grounding. Her speed falls to {{Annotation|26 kn|48 km/h;30 mph}} in a turn: captains should be prudent to avoid sustained turns, as Davis will be more liable to be hit and sustain damage at these lower speeds. USS Davis also responds well to engine room commands, taking 33 seconds to come to a halt and 29 seconds to accelerate to flank speed.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''20 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''20 mm AP:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

{{:20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-T, AP-T, HEF-I}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)}}

''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_destroyer_somers_davis Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
USS_Davis_WTWallpaper001.jpg
USS_Davis_WTWallpaper002.jpg
USS_Davis_WTWallpaper003.jpg
USS_Davis_WTWallpaper004.jpg
USS_Davis_WTWallpaper005.jpg
USS_Davis_WTWallpaper006.jpg
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Somers (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7631-development-battle-for-arachis-uss-davis-dd-395-destroyer-en|[Devblog] "Battle for Arachis": USS Davis (DD-395) destroyer]]

{{ShipManufacturer Bath Iron Works}}
{{USA destroyers}}
{{USA premium ships}}

USS Arkansas

2023-10-03T03:52:40Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_battleship_arkansas
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', one of two [[Wyoming (Family)|Wyoming-class]] battleships. Laid down in January 1910, she would be commissioned in September 1912, and would go on to serve through both World Wars. Notably, she served as part of Battleship Fleet 9, the US Navy attachment to the British Grand Fleet, but would see no action in the first World War. She would provide convoy escorts and shore barrage throughout WW2, before being decommissioned and sunk as part of the Baker nuclear tests.

A rank 5 premium, she was introduced as part of [[Update "Sons of Attila"]]. The sister ship of [[USS Wyoming]], she however comes in a later, 1942 refit. The largest improvement is the anti-aircraft battery, which is greatly improved over the measly {{Annotation|3-inch|76.2 mm}} {{Annotation|HE-TF|High-explosive Time Fused}} battery of the Wyoming. She also gains better torpedo protection at the cost of some speed. With reasonable main battery firepower as well, USS Arkansas serves as a good all-rounder for aspiring US navy captains.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|12 inch/50 Mk.7 (305 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:12 inch/50 Mk.7 (305 mm)/Ammunition|12-inch Cl.B HE, 12 inch Mk.15 APC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/51 Mk.7 (127 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:5 inch/51 Mk.7 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5-inch Mk.15 common, 5 inch APC}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|3-inch/50 Mk.10 (76 mm)|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer New York Shipbuilding Corp.}}
{{USA battleships}}
{{USA premium ships}}

F-14B

2023-07-27T04:14:49Z

U40820515:

{{About
| about = American jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = F-14A Early
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f_14b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,191 || 2,181 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.4 || 24.5 || 195.5 || 188.7 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,238 || 2,215 || 23.6 || 24.0 || 256.6 || 224.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,555  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,200 || 873 || 416 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="7" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric F110-GE-400 || 2
| colspan="3" | 19,663 kg || colspan="3" | 514 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 53m fuel
|-
| 1,897 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 21,868 kg || 22,399 kg || 23,766 kg || 25,818 kg || 27,013 kg || 33,593 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 53m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,200 kgf || 10,230 kgf
| 0.93 || 0.91 || 0.86 || 0.79 || 0.76 || 0.61
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 6,428 kgf (1,200km/h) || 13,610 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.24 || 1.22 || 1.15 || 1.05 || 1.00 || 0.81
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, cheek-mounted (676 rpg)
** 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|Mk 82 AIR (500 lb)|LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|Mk 83 AIR (1,000 lb)|LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|GBU-10 Paveway II (957 kg)|GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|GBU-24 Paveway III (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|AIM-9L Sidewinder|AIM-7M Sparrow|AIM-54A Phoenix|AIM-54C Phoenix}}
{{main|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles + 640 x countermeasures
* 6 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
* 6 x AIM-54A Phoenix missiles
* 6 x AIM-54C Phoenix missiles
* 14 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (7,000 lb total)
* 14 x 500 lb Mk 82 AIR bombs (7,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb Mk 83 AIR bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 4 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 2 x 957 kg GBU-10 Paveway II bombs (1,914 kg total)
* 4 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (1,108 kg total)
* 4 x 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs (4,368 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="7%" | 1 !! width="7%" | 2 !! width="7%" | 3 !! width="7%" | 4 !! width="7%" | 5 !! width="7%" | 6
| rowspan="17" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_F-14A_Early.png]]</div>
|-
! 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs
| || || 8¶ || 6 || ||
|-
! 500 lb Mk 82 AIR bombs
| || || 8¶ || 6 || ||
|-
! 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs
| || || 2¶ || 2 || ||
|-
! 1,000 lb Mk 83 AIR bombs
| || || 2¶ || 2 || ||
|-
! 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs
| || || 2¶ || 2 || ||
|-
! 957 kg GBU-10 Paveway II bombs
| || || 2†‡¶ || || ||
|-
! 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs
| || || 2† || † || ||
|-
! 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs
| || || 2† || 2† || ||
|-
! 2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III bombs
| || || 1†‡¶ || 1† || ||
|-
! Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
| || 8 || || || 8 ||
|-
! AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
| || 1 || 2 || 1‡, 2¶ || 1 ||
|-
! AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
| 1* || 1* || || || 1* || 1*
|-
! AIM-54A Phoenix missiles
| || 1 || 2¶ || 2 || 1 ||
|-
! AIM-54C Phoenix missiles
| || 1 || 2¶ || 2 || 1 ||
|-
! Countermeasures
| 160* || 160* || || || 160* || 160*
|-
! LANTIRN targeting pod
| || 1† || || || ||
|-
| colspan="8" | * AIM-9L missiles can be equipped with countermeasures on the same hardpoint †LANTIRN targeting pod must be equipped when carrying guided bombs ‡Single AIM-7M missile on hardpoint 4 cannot be equipped with GBU-10 or GBU-24 bombs on hardpoint 3 ¶ Dual AIM-7M missiles on hardpoint 4 cannot be equipped with marked options on hardpoint 3
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Ability to equip additional countermeasure pods grants a massive amount of countermeasures
* Access to upgraded AIM-7M SARH missiles and AIM-54C ARH missiles
* All-aspect AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles are a significant upgrade from the previous rear-aspect AIM-9H
* High velocity and extremely fast firing M61 rotary cannon
* Large air-to-air missile capacity of eight
* Substantial upgrade to thrust and climb rate from the previous F-14A
* Same powerful radar as the previous F-14A
* Strong air-to-ground load out with Paveway laser-guided bombs and the LANTIRN thermal laser targeting pod
* Excellent instantaneous and sustained turn rate
* Excellent energy retention
* Built-in camera targeting system automatically zooms in to radar locked aircraft and is useful for identification in simulator mode
* Built-in camera works with the EEGS, it allows you to use the function by applying the target point on the enemy

'''Cons:'''

* Large airframe makes for a large target
* Two very hot engines make it harder to flare off IR-guided missiles
* M61 rotary cannon has a rather small ammunition pool of 676
* The AIM-54C still only has 17G maximum overload and is thus rather easy to kinetically defeat

== History ==

=== F-14B Upgrade Program ===
During the mid-1980s, the United States Navy (USN) made a momentous decision to enhance the F-14 airframe by introducing a remarkable new variant of the aircraft. Originally designated as the F-14A+, this exceptional aircraft would eventually earn the prestigious moniker of the F-14B. The USN's comprehensive modernization program aimed to bring the F-14 airframe up to date with the latest technological advancements. One of the key aspects of this program was the incorporation of numerous electronic upgrades. The F-14B underwent a significant avionics overhaul, introducing advanced systems that improved the aircraft's capabilities in various areas. These upgrades included enhanced RWR systems, improved target detection and tracking capabilities (introduction of the Television Camera System) and upgraded communication systems to ensure seamless integration with other elements of the modern battlefield. In addition to these upgrades, the F-14B also received a major boost in terms of its powerplant. The outdated engines of the original F-14A model were replaced with the more advanced F110-GE-400 engines. These engines provided increased thrust and improved fuel efficiency, resulting in enhanced performance and greater operational flexibility for the aircraft. The F-110 engines also offered improved reliability and reduced maintenance requirements, which were crucial factors in ensuring the overall effectiveness and availability of the F-14B.

===[[wt:en/news/8228-development-grumman-f-14b-tomcat-the-bombcat-en|Devblog]]===
As part of the further upgrade of the Grumman F-14A carrier-based fighters, the aircraft were equipped with new General Electric F110-GE-400 turbojet engines with an afterburner, which significantly increased thrust, while reducing specific fuel consumption. The aircraft also received updated electronic equipment, as well as, unlike early production versions, the TISEO (Target Identification System, Electro Optical) optical target identification system. Initially, the updated Tomcats received the designation F-14A +.

This configuration was applied both to newly manufactured fighters, as well as to those already in service as an upgrade pack. In 1992, the designation was changed to F-14B in order to unify it with other military equipment in service. Subsequently, the F-14B were further upgraded in 1998 under the SLEP program. These jet fighters were in service with the US Navy aviation until 2006.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f_14b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:F-14B WTWallpaper001.jpg
File:F-14B WTWallpaper002.jpg
File:F-14B WTWallpaper003.jpg
File:F-14B WTWallpaper004.jpg
File:F-14B WTWallpaper005.jpg
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|LHIGPV9XDjM|'''The Shooting Range #360''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:26 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[F-14 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8228-development-grumman-f-14b-tomcat-the-bombcat-en|[Devblog] Grumman F-14B Tomcat: The Bombcat]]

{{USA jet aircraft}}

F-14B

2023-07-27T04:08:58Z

U40820515: /* Engine performance */

{{About
| about = American jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = F-14A Early
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f_14b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,191 || 2,181 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.4 || 24.5 || 195.5 || 188.7 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,238 || 2,215 || 23.6 || 24.0 || 256.6 || 224.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,555  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,200 || 873 || 416 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="7" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric F110-GE-400 || 2
| colspan="3" | 19,663 kg || colspan="3" | 514 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 53m fuel
|-
| 1,897 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 21,868 kg || 22,399 kg || 23,766 kg || 25,818 kg || 27,013 kg || 33,593 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 16m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 53m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 6,185 kgf || 10,205 kgf
| 0.93 || 0.91 || 0.86 || 0.79 || 0.76 || 0.61
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 6,428 kgf (1,200km/h) || 13,610 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.24 || 1.22 || 1.15 || 1.05 || 1.00 || 0.81
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, cheek-mounted (676 rpg)
** 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|Mk 82 AIR (500 lb)|LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|Mk 83 AIR (1,000 lb)|LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|GBU-10 Paveway II (957 kg)|GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|GBU-24 Paveway III (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|AIM-9L Sidewinder|AIM-7M Sparrow|AIM-54A Phoenix|AIM-54C Phoenix}}
{{main|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles + 640 x countermeasures
* 6 x AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
* 6 x AIM-54A Phoenix missiles
* 6 x AIM-54C Phoenix missiles
* 14 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (7,000 lb total)
* 14 x 500 lb Mk 82 AIR bombs (7,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb Mk 83 AIR bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 4 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 2 x 957 kg GBU-10 Paveway II bombs (1,914 kg total)
* 4 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (1,108 kg total)
* 4 x 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs (4,368 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="7%" | 1 !! width="7%" | 2 !! width="7%" | 3 !! width="7%" | 4 !! width="7%" | 5 !! width="7%" | 6
| rowspan="17" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_F-14A_Early.png]]</div>
|-
! 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs
| || || 8¶ || 6 || ||
|-
! 500 lb Mk 82 AIR bombs
| || || 8¶ || 6 || ||
|-
! 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs
| || || 2¶ || 2 || ||
|-
! 1,000 lb Mk 83 AIR bombs
| || || 2¶ || 2 || ||
|-
! 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs
| || || 2¶ || 2 || ||
|-
! 957 kg GBU-10 Paveway II bombs
| || || 2†‡¶ || || ||
|-
! 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs
| || || 2† || † || ||
|-
! 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs
| || || 2† || 2† || ||
|-
! 2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III bombs
| || || 1†‡¶ || 1† || ||
|-
! Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
| || 8 || || || 8 ||
|-
! AIM-7M Sparrow missiles
| || 1 || 2 || 1‡, 2¶ || 1 ||
|-
! AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
| 1* || 1* || || || 1* || 1*
|-
! AIM-54A Phoenix missiles
| || 1 || 2¶ || 2 || 1 ||
|-
! AIM-54C Phoenix missiles
| || 1 || 2¶ || 2 || 1 ||
|-
! Countermeasures
| 160* || 160* || || || 160* || 160*
|-
! LANTIRN targeting pod
| || 1† || || || ||
|-
| colspan="8" | * AIM-9L missiles can be equipped with countermeasures on the same hardpoint †LANTIRN targeting pod must be equipped when carrying guided bombs ‡Single AIM-7M missile on hardpoint 4 cannot be equipped with GBU-10 or GBU-24 bombs on hardpoint 3 ¶ Dual AIM-7M missiles on hardpoint 4 cannot be equipped with marked options on hardpoint 3
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Ability to equip additional countermeasure pods grants a massive amount of countermeasures
* Access to upgraded AIM-7M SARH missiles and AIM-54C ARH missiles
* All-aspect AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles are a significant upgrade from the previous rear-aspect AIM-9H
* High velocity and extremely fast firing M61 rotary cannon
* Large air-to-air missile capacity of eight
* Substantial upgrade to thrust and climb rate from the previous F-14A
* Same powerful radar as the previous F-14A
* Strong air-to-ground load out with Paveway laser-guided bombs and the LANTIRN thermal laser targeting pod
* Excellent instantaneous and sustained turn rate
* Excellent energy retention
* Built-in camera targeting system automatically zooms in to radar locked aircraft and is useful for identification in simulator mode
* Built-in camera works with the EEGS, it allows you to use the function by applying the target point on the enemy

'''Cons:'''

* Large airframe makes for a large target
* Two very hot engines make it harder to flare off IR-guided missiles
* M61 rotary cannon has a rather small ammunition pool of 676
* The AIM-54C still only has 17G maximum overload and is thus rather easy to kinetically defeat

== History ==

=== F-14B Upgrade Program ===
During the mid-1980s, the United States Navy (USN) made a momentous decision to enhance the F-14 airframe by introducing a remarkable new variant of the aircraft. Originally designated as the F-14A+, this exceptional aircraft would eventually earn the prestigious moniker of the F-14B. The USN's comprehensive modernization program aimed to bring the F-14 airframe up to date with the latest technological advancements. One of the key aspects of this program was the incorporation of numerous electronic upgrades. The F-14B underwent a significant avionics overhaul, introducing advanced systems that improved the aircraft's capabilities in various areas. These upgrades included enhanced RWR systems, improved target detection and tracking capabilities (introduction of the Television Camera System) and upgraded communication systems to ensure seamless integration with other elements of the modern battlefield. In addition to these upgrades, the F-14B also received a major boost in terms of its powerplant. The outdated engines of the original F-14A model were replaced with the more advanced F110-GE-400 engines. These engines provided increased thrust and improved fuel efficiency, resulting in enhanced performance and greater operational flexibility for the aircraft. The F-110 engines also offered improved reliability and reduced maintenance requirements, which were crucial factors in ensuring the overall effectiveness and availability of the F-14B.

===[[wt:en/news/8228-development-grumman-f-14b-tomcat-the-bombcat-en|Devblog]]===
As part of the further upgrade of the Grumman F-14A carrier-based fighters, the aircraft were equipped with new General Electric F110-GE-400 turbojet engines with an afterburner, which significantly increased thrust, while reducing specific fuel consumption. The aircraft also received updated electronic equipment, as well as, unlike early production versions, the TISEO (Target Identification System, Electro Optical) optical target identification system. Initially, the updated Tomcats received the designation F-14A +.

This configuration was applied both to newly manufactured fighters, as well as to those already in service as an upgrade pack. In 1992, the designation was changed to F-14B in order to unify it with other military equipment in service. Subsequently, the F-14B were further upgraded in 1998 under the SLEP program. These jet fighters were in service with the US Navy aviation until 2006.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f_14b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:F-14B WTWallpaper001.jpg
File:F-14B WTWallpaper002.jpg
File:F-14B WTWallpaper003.jpg
File:F-14B WTWallpaper004.jpg
File:F-14B WTWallpaper005.jpg
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|LHIGPV9XDjM|'''The Shooting Range #360''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:26 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[F-14 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8228-development-grumman-f-14b-tomcat-the-bombcat-en|[Devblog] Grumman F-14B Tomcat: The Bombcat]]

{{USA jet aircraft}}

F-86F-2

2023-07-27T02:45:56Z

U40820515: /* Engine performance */

{{About
|about= American jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= other variants
|link= F-86 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-86f-2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|cockpit=cockpit_f-86f-2.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.35]]. This F-86F has one distinct difference from other Sabres: it replaces its six M3 Browning machine guns with four 20 mm T-160 revolver cannons. These cannons are extremely powerful, and pilots can utilize them along with the excellent aiming and dogfighting characteristics of the Sabre’s airframe to take this seemingly plain aircraft and dominate even in uptiers.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,095 || 1,089 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.7 || 25.9 || 38.8 || 35.9 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,115 || 1,106 || 23.6 || 24.0 || 56.5 || 46.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,170  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 590 || 550 || 350 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 600 || < 650 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J47-GE-27 || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,570 kg || colspan="2" | 243 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 26m fuel
|-
| 1,150 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 5,927 kg || 6,569 kg || 6,866 kg || 9,530 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 26m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,626 kgf || N/A
| 0.44 || 0.40 || 0.38 || 0.28
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,704 kgf (1,106 km/h) || N/A
| 0.46 || 0.41 || 0.39 || 0.28
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6.35 mm steel - in front of cockpit
* 12.7 mm steel - behind pilot
* 38 mm bulletproof glass - armoured windscreen
* 20 mm steel pilot's headrest

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|FMC T-160 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm FMC T-160 cannons, nose-mounted (115 rpg = 460 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|AN-M65A1 Fin M129 (1,000 lb)|HVAR}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 16 x HVAR rockets
* 2 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (2,000 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

==== 20 mm T-160 Revolver Cannons ====
The plane's biggest strength and its specialty are the four 20 mm T-160 revolver cannons it carries. If you weren’t a fan of Sabres due to its Browning machine guns, know that these guns completely change the feel of the plane. That is because these guns are arguably the best aircraft cannon found at 9.0, boasting extremely high velocity, great damage and great fire rate. On top of that, the Sabre’s airframe makes aiming and leading these excellent guns very easy. None of the F-2 Sabre’s contemporaries can boast such a powerful and easy to utilize gun platform. What this means is that the F-2 Sabre is an excellent plane for punishing other players' mistakes, no matter how small, as just one very quick burst from these guns will devastate most aircraft.

However, there are two downsides about these cannons. The first is that each 20 mm cannon only has 115 rounds of ammo, and with its very fast rate of fire, this ammo capacity will be gone very quickly. The second is that they overheat very quickly; even with the “New 20 mm Cannons” modification, just two to three seconds of sustained firing will cause them to jam. These downsides mean that these cannons demand heavy trigger patience. If you're struggling with ammo conservation, focus on lining up your shots and firing a short burst of 10-15 rounds accurately at a target rather than hosing half your ammo load for a small chance of a critical hit. Something to note is that, to conserve ammo, one may choose to only fire two of the cannons at once (as one set of cannons are considered “machine guns” and the others cannons, they can be selected separately by using weapons selection mode). While the firepower is halved, it is still generally enough to cripple most aircraft with a short burst, so if you find yourself low on ammo and needing more firing time, only firing two cannons at once may be the trick.

Compared to the M3 Browning machine guns that it replaces, the 20 mm T-160 cannons similarly have high velocity and accuracy, and somewhat similar fire rates (the T-160’s is 25% faster than the M3’s). On the other hand, the rest of their characteristics are complete opposites; the T-160 completely gives up the large ammunition capacity and long overheating time of the M3 Browning for greatly increased explosive firepower.

Overall, these guns are excellent, and as long as you have good trigger discipline, they will be very kind to you.

===== Air Realistic Battles =====
In Air RB, speed is life, and doubly so for sabres. First thing that should be done after takeoff is gaining at least 1,000 km/h IAS in level flight and assessing the match. If in a downtier, staying on the deck is advisable as you will be one of the fastest planes in the battle. Focus on anyone who can match or exceed your speed and then move on to everyone else once there are no other threats. In an uptier, gain 1-2 km of altitude and play an assassin type role. Make it your mission to kill out of position players while using the threat of your cannon’s knock-out potential to dissuade enemies from attacking you and nearby teammates. Maintaining a decent amount of speed is very important because of the Sabre's comparatively poor handling at lower speed compared to MiGs, G.91s, and the like. While you can certainly effectively dogfight in the Sabre, in furballs you can easily get ganged up on and destroyed, so attempt to avoid doing so unless necessary.

F-2 pilots should always be on the offensive whenever possible to take advantage of the plane's huge impact on the battlefield. By continually maintaining a high energy state, eliminating out of position targets, the F-2 can dominate entire lobbies even in full uptiers.

=== Radars ===

The F-86F-2 is equipped with an AN/APG-30 rangefinding radar, located in the nose of the aircraft. It will automatically detect other planes within the scanning area and display the range to the closest target. It is linked with a gyro gunsight and can help with aiming at close range.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AN/APG-30 - Rangefinding radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 2,750 m || 300 m || ±9° || ±9°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent roll rate
* Excellent and accurate high-velocity cannons with great damage
* Excels at high-speed manoeuvres, great for snapshots
* Good horizontal turn rate
* Good Boom and Zoom ability
* Phenomenal high speed energy retention

'''Cons:'''

* Average top speed
* Below average acceleration
* Guns are inaccurate when stock
* Guns jam very quickly under sustained fire and have a low ammunition capacity of only 115 rpg; heavy trigger discipline is essential

== History ==

=== The "Gun Val" Project ===
As is well-known, most F-86 Sabre fighters of the USAF that joined the Korean War had six AN/M3 12.7 mm machine guns as their basic weapon configuration against enemy aircraft. Although the experience of the European battlefield during World War II showed that an average of 300 12.7 mm bullets could shoot down an enemy aircraft, the US pilots found that sometimes their 12.7 mm machine guns couldn't easily shoot down enemy MiG fighters even when they scored many hits on them. Though there were also many F-86 fighters that successfully returned to the airfield when they were hit by the 23 mm or 37 mm cannon of the MiG-15 fighter, there was no doubt that the USAF needed a new airborne weapon to replace the aged 12.7 mm machine gun.

Although the USAF had successfully introduced the M24A1 20 mm cannon, the Air Force's version of the Navy's AN/M3 20 mm cannon, on the Convair B-36 Peacemaker strategic bomber, they don't want to simply introduce the old 20 mm cannon to the F-86F Sabre fighter because its rate of fire (700-800 rounds per minute) was found unsuitable for modern air combat. Therefore, a research project named "Gun Val" was established on April 3rd 1951 to find out the most suitable cannon which could be incorporated into current Sabre fighter and the incoming Century Series aircraft. (Other aircraft such as F-94B, F-84F, and F-89C also participated in the Gun Val program).

North American Aviation Company delivered four F-86E-10 and six F-86F-1 Sabre fighters to Air Material Command to test the newly developed T-160 20×102 mm cannon. The T-160 cannon was a single-barreled revolver cannon which was an imitation of the captured German MG213C 20 mm revolver cannon, the latter had been transported to the USA in 1946. Thanks to the cooperation of Springfield Arsenal and the Illinois Institute of Technology, the initial development work of the T-160 cannon was finished in the early 1950s, and it was put into the production line in June 1951. It was a gas-operated, belt-fed, electrically fired weapon, the cannon was capable of firing electrically primed ammunition at a rate of 1,500 rounds per minute and developed a muzzle velocity of 3,250 feet per second. There were five types of 20×102 mm cartridges available for the T-160 cannon, including M55A1 and M55A2 ball, M53 Armour-piercing Incendiary and M56 High-Explosive Incendiary ammunition.

[[File:F-86F-3 with Oerlikon cannon.jpg|left|thumb|353x353px|F-86F-3 armed with Oerlikon cannons.]]
Another cannon joining the competition with the T-160 cannon was the Oerlikon 206 RK 20 mm cannon which was also a revolver gun, capable of firing electrically primed ammunition at the rate of 1,650 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of 3,500 feet per second which were both higher than T-160 cannon.

The 10 Sabre fighters fitted with four T-160 cannons were called F-86F-2 while two Sabre fighters with four Oerlikon 206 RK cannons were called F-86F-3. As for the F-86F-3, the USAF didn't receive any of them until April 1954, and the final test report, finished in February 1955, outlined that the Oerlikon 206 RK cannon had lots of problems that needed to be solved before it entered into service, such as poor round dispersion of the gun and installation problems. Though the company claimed that these problems could be solved in the future, at that time the M39 revolver cannon had been put into mass production many years ago, so not surprisingly that the Oerlikon program was canceled in the end.

As a comparison, those ten F-86F-2 fighters equipped with T-160 cannon were much luckier. Apart from the cannon, all F-86F-2 fighters were fitted with new 6-3 wing, and both the original A-4 gun/rocket/bomb calculating sight and the AN/APG-30 ranging radar remained. After the initial test was done, Lieutenant Colonel Peterson who was the project officer of Gun Val program at that time decided to take eight F-86F-2 fighters to Korea aboard the USS Windham Bay for combat trials in December 1952.

All the F-86F-2 fighters were assigned to the 335th FIS of 4th Fighter Wing at Kimpo, and only six aircraft were ever actually in Korea at any one time. When they arrived at Kimpo, these F-86F-2 fighters were re-painted as other original F-86F Sabre fighter such as the black and yellow FEAF ID bands and yellow and black tail stripe. Ground crews also painted the third gun port on the nose under the two 20 mm muzzle to make them looks indistinguishable with the original machine gun-armed F-86F Sabre fighter. Apart from that, the commander of F-86F-2 team was changed to Colonel Garrison, but Peterson was still stayed there as a contractor technician with other three contractor technicians and five assigned pilots.

The combat trial began in January 1953, though it was discovered that the cannon gas from the 20 mm cannon may cause a compressor stall which was very dangerous for both plane and its pilot, including one accident when Major Moorehead fired his 20 mm cannon in a long burst during one mission and caused the engine stop working, though he was able to restart the engine, the problem appeared again later. But even with the Sabre pilots only using two cannons at a time to avoid the problem, they still fired almost 10,900 rounds in combat, engaged MiG fighters in 41 missions and successfully shot down six of them (3 MiG fighters were probably destroyed and 13 MiG fighters damaged) with two F-86F-2 were damaged (one's intake was hit by the 37 mm shell and another one's wing was hit by the 23 mm shell), but unfortunately Captain Moore's plane suffered a flame-out accident followed by turbine failure on 30th April 1953, so he had to bail out in the end.
[[File:See-through of F-86H and its M39 cannons.jpg|thumb|342x342px|F-86H with M39 cannons, the successor of T-160 and the Gun Val project.]]
To solve these problems, Peterson not only sent the report to the test center, but also found a way to simply solve the problem: a simple horseshoe clip installed in the blast tube of the cannon broke up the cannon gas before it could enter the intake. The Gun Val combat trial program was finished on May 1953, and in order to completely solve the cannon gas problem, the engineers of North American Aviation company invented a C-shaped plate which could effectively dissipated the cannon gas, this solution was finally adopted for operational use on the late version of F-86H fighter with four M39 cannons.

Inspire by the success of the Gun Val program, USAF finally decided to accept the T-160 cannon as its next-generation air-combat weapon and renamed it as M39 20 mm cannon. The first operational fighter equip with M39 cannon was North American Aviation F-86H-5 Sabre fighter in mid 1950s, then it became the standard internal weapon on both North American Aviation F-100 Super Sabre fighter, McDonnell F-101A Voodoo long-range escort fighter and Northrop F-5 fighter.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-86f-2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|L5yWvv3X-kk|'''9.0 Is Finally Revived! - F-86F-2 Sabre Gameplay''' - ''DEFYN''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Grumman [[F9F-8|F9F]] Cougar
* Lavochkin [[La-15]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-15]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-17]]
* Hawker [[Hunter F.1|Hunter]]
* Dassault [[Super Mystere B2|Super Mystère]]
* Saab [[J29D|J29]] Tunnan

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/272058-north-american-f-86f-2/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer NAA}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

USS Frank Knox

2023-07-24T21:49:15Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_destroyer_gearing_frank_knox
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was laud down in May of 1944, and commissioned in December 1944. She would see limited service in WW2, acting as a radar picket destroyer in the Battle for Okinawa. She would also be present for the Surrender in Tokyo Bay in 1945. She would be reclassified as a radar picket destroyer (DDR-742) in March of 1946, and would go on to serve in the Korean war in this role, notably taking part in the Inchon invasion. She would also see action in Vietnam providing gunfire support. She would be transferred to the Greek navy in 1971, and would see service until the early 1990s before being sunk as a torpedo target by the greek submarine Nireus on the 12th of September 2001.

It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]], and compared to the other US Bluewater rank III premium [[USS Moffett]] is has both benefits and downsides. It does have a weaker main battery, with only 6 {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} guns in the main battery. In exchange, it has a larger crew count and better anti-fragmentation armour, a much better anti-aircraft suite and 2 extra torpedos as well (10 instead of 8). It can easily deal with most destroyers of the rank with its rapid fire guns, and is also excellent for anti-air duties, even having radar for engaging air targets. Additionally the Frank Knox has an exceptionally high Silver Lion multiplier of 5.85, giving a multiplier of 1755% with premium time.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Frank Knox has the same armour layout as the [[USS Gearing]], the lead ship of the [[Gearing (Family)|Gearing class]]. This means she has a main belt of {{Annotation|0.75 inches|19 mm}}, which is surprisingly well armoured for a destroyer of this rank. This is more than the {{Annotation|0.5 inches|12.7 mm}} of the [[Porter (Family)|Porter class]] and the same as the earlier [[Fletcher (Family)|Fletcher class]]. This belt cannot stop more than 20 mm autocannons, but it significantly lessens spall damage from HE shells from other destroyers and light cruisers. The dual turret mounts have {{Annotation|0.125 inches|3.175 mm}} of armour on the front, sides, rear, and top, and there is a {{Annotation|0.5-inch|13 mm}} deck armour plate covering the machinery spaces.

The magazine is placed under the aft turret, and is protected by fuel tanks on both sides of the hull. These fuel tanks will protect the magazine from high explosive shells, but any SAP or AP will slice straight through and ammorack the ship. Captains of USS Frank Knox should avoid taking hits to the stern of the ship whenever possible, and evasive action is recommended as any direct hit under the aft turret will most likely result in total loss of the ship.

As for crew count, USS Frank Knox is quite well off. With a crew count of 336, Frank Knox is able to lose more crew members and keep fighting in comparison to her older [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] and [[Fletcher (Family)|Fletcher-class]] predecessors, allowing her to stay in the fight for longer. This can allow captains of USS Frank Knox to serve as a flotilla leader and absorb shots in some situations, although as stated before it is not recommended to do so while the stern is within the line of fire.

The primary battery has enough armour to stop some spall damage from misses with high explosive shells, but any direct hit from any destroyer calibre gun or higher will inevitably knock the mount out of action. The secondary battery has no armour whatsoever, and splash from hits or near misses will commonly damage or destroy the battery. It is recommended to avoid repairing these whenever possible, as they will inevitably be destroyed again and drain more crew from the ship.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

USS Frank Knox, as a member of the [[Gearing (Family)|Gearing-class]], has very similar performance to [[USS Gearing]] and the [[USS Sumner]] her class was derived from. This gives her quick acceleration, only taking approximately 25 seconds to reach her flank speed of {{Annotation|34 kn|64 km/h;40 mph}} from a standstill. The rudder responds within 1 second, and speed will fall to {{Annotation|24.0 kn|45 km/h;27.7 mph}} in a sustained turn, so captains of USS Frank Knox are advised to avoid long sweeping turns as much as possible, as these slow the ship massively and can make it a much easier target. The Frank Knox takes approximately 35 seconds to come to a halt after the order has been given, and overall the ship performs well and is responsive, particularly at lower speeds.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

The primary armament of the USS Frank Knox is 6 x {{Annotation|5-inch|127mm}}/38 Mk.12 in three twin mounts, two superfiring forward and one aft, directly above the magazine. The {{Annotation|5-inch|127mm}}/38 has a very high rate of fire, with 22 rounds/min (2.8-second reload) with a maxed reload and a still respectable 15 round/min (4-second reload) once the ready rack is depleted. This gives the USS Frank Knox excellent volume of fire compared to other nation's contemporary destroyers, while still having shells with good damage and penetration.

The USS Frank Knox gets access to four shell types - AAC Mk.34, Common Mk.32, SP Common Mk.46, and AAVT Mk.31. As the Frank Knox is a premium, captains will have all four shell types unlocked immediately. Therefore it is recommend to run two shell types, about 1/3 ammo load AAVT Mk.31 and 2/3 Common Mk.32. The AAVT shell has the same quantity of explosive filler as the AAC shell, and performs identically against surface targets whilst having a proximity fuse for use against air targets. The Common shell is recommended over the SP Common shell due to the greater quantity of filler in the shells compared to the SP Common shells, and the lower penetration isn't a concern against the destroyers of the rank. If captains find themselves fighting cruisers, the SP Common shell with its higher penetration is recommended.

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)|Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (40 mm)}}

USS Frank Knox has a strong secondary battery for a destroyer, consisting of 12 x 40 mm Bofors cannons, split into 2 x quad mounts and 2 x dual mounts. The quad mounts are positioned aft of the second funnel, with one positioned facing starboard closer to the funnel and the other positioned to port further aft. The dual mounts are positioned aft of the bride before the first funnel, and are positioned symmetrically port and starboard. This secondary battery is the second strongest of the American destroyers, only surpassed by [[USS Gearing]] of the same class.

USS Frank Knox has three belts:

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

Of these, Universal serves as the default belt. With half HE and half AP, this belt serves as a good dual purpose belt, and will shred any aircraft or lightly armoured destroyer, or smaller vessel. This belt will serve well in most situations and should be run if the captain wishes for a balanced close range defense.

40 mm HE clips works well for captains more concerned with air attack, as the higher density of HE shells in the belt will destroy enemy aircraft slightly more quickly than the Universal belt will. It still has one AP shell every four rounds so it is still capable of destroying surface targets, but if they are the largest concern the 40 mm AP belt will be the best option.

The 40 mm AP belt is optimized for surface engagements, with 3 AP shells in every 4 in the clip. As before, there is some HE but the belt is heavily optimized for surface engagements. This allows the Frank Knox to use its 12 x 40 mm cannons to damage destroyers and destroy coastal vessels with ease.

{{:Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T, AP-T}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

USS Frank Knox has 11 x single mount 20 mm Oerlikon Mk.II cannons for its anti-aircraft battery. 4 are positioned near the bridge, 2 port and 2 starboard. Two more are positioned on the port side of the second funnel, with another pair positioned forward of the aft torpedo launcher, on the starboard side. The final three are positioned aft of the rear turret, in a triangle. The Oerlikon was one of the standard mid-to-late war anti-aircraft guns, and has good fire rate, traverse and reload speed, one of the best small anti-aircraft guns of the war. Captains can expect these to shred any plane within about 1.5 km, and they will serve to deter or destroy any aircraft which has made it past the medium anti-aircraft battery, though they should not be expected to be capable of destroying targets before weapons release.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)|Mk.6 mortar depth charge}}

USS Frank Knox, as a destroyer, carries torpedoes for use against heavier vessels. These come in two quintuple launchers, one in between the two funnels, and one aft, forward of the rear turret. These carry the American Mk.15 torpedo, with {{Annotation|5.5 km|3.4 miles}} of range stock, and a speed of {{Annotation|45 kn|83 km/h;52 mph}}. Once the "Torpedo mode" modification is selected, the range increases to {{Annotation|9.15 km|5.7 miles}}, but the speed drops sharply to {{Annotation|33 kn|62 km/h;39 mph}}. With the limited range of US torpedoes, in most cases it is recommended not to run the extra range, as the extra speed and a close launch are a more reliable way to guarantee hits.

Additionally, USS Frank Knox carries 24 x Mk.6 depth charges. These were intended for use against submarines, captains should expect very limited use against surface vessels. These can sometimes be used against PT boats which have gotten too close, or landing some on the deck of enemy ships in very close encounters, but overall they will play very little role in most engagements.

== Usage in battles ==

USS Frank Knox plays similarly to other American destroyers of this rank: fast, hard hitting and aggressive. Unlike destroyers of other nations, American destroyers are armed with the {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 dual-purpose cannon, with a very fast fire rate and good damage. Frank Knox has 6 of these cannons, and this allows her to rapidly dish out punishment against any lightly armoured vessel in the vicinity. Captains are advised to drop a spread of torpedoes in the path of heavier vessels, and then proceed to close the range with enemy destroyers. The {{Annotation|0.75-inch|19 mm}} armour belt of anti-fragmentation armour will help lessen damage from HE shells, and the ship has a high crew count for a destroyer as well. This means the Frank Knox works well brawling, especially against destroyers with no SAP shells for their primary weapon. USS Frank Knox does exceptionally well at quickly dispatching enemy destroyers, as the main battery's high fire rate allows for high amounts of damage in a short period of time, and the Bofors secondary battery is quite the hefty backup. In mixed battles, the [[USS Moffett]] will be the most common vessel seen; it is recommended to shoot under the aft two turrets: the magazine is located here and this will ammorack the enemy destroyer in a single hit if detonated. This weakspot also works against most other American destroyers, including USS Frank Knox. Captains of USS Frank Knox are advised to hide the rear magazine whenever possible, using terrain if able.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very fast fire rate and effective damage
* Strong armour for a destroyer
* Potent medium and light AA battery
* Radar allows for accurate fire from main battery against air targets

'''Cons:'''

* Vulnerable rear magazine
* Torpedoes have a limited range
* 2/3s of main battery is grouped up front; quickly disabled

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;[[Gearing (Family)|Related development]]
* [[USS Gearing]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7927-development-premium-destroyer-uss-frank-knox-and-economic-changes-to-the-uss-moffett-en|[Devblog] Premium destroyer USS Frank Knox and economic changes to the USS Moffett]]

{{USA destroyers}}
{{USA premium ships}}

USS Porter

2023-07-24T21:34:25Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_destroyer_porter_1941
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is the lead ship of her class of her class of 8 destroyers, and the only to be lost in combat. laid down in 1933, she would enter service in 1936. She would get underway from Pearl Harbour on the 5th of December 1941, missing the attack by two days. She would only see combat in one major battle, receiving critical damage from a torpedo strike in the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. After the crew had abandoned ship, the Porter was scuttled by fire from the USS Shaw. Sources vary on the source of the torpedo, and it was either sunk by the Japanese submarine I-21 or a ditching Grumman TBF Avenger's torpedo, although this seems unlikely due to the state of American torpedos at this point in the war.

USS Porter was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]]. With a main battery of 4 double mount {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 guns, captains can expect to be able to deal with most destroyers and some light cruisers with relative ease. The primary battery has a {{Annotation|22 rounds-per-minute|2.72 second}} reload when on ace crew, and although the guns begin to struggle against more heavily armoured light cruisers and heavy cruisers the blistering rate of fire makes up for it. Compared to its sister ships such as the [[USS Moffett]], it's in an earlier, 1941 refit, and therefore has a much more paltry anti-aircraft armament, down to only 2 double heavy machine gun mounts, though the proximity shells on the main battery can help cope.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

As with most American destroyers, USS Porter is protected against {{Annotation|5-6-inch|127-152 mm}} high explosive rounds by a {{Annotation|.5-inch|12.7 mm}} anti-fragmentation armour belt. This is incapable of stopping armour-piercing rounds, but significantly reduces splinter damage inside the hull, massively reducing the amount of damage done inside the ship. This belt covers the machinery spaces amidships, however the rest of the hull is left unprotected by any armour.

USS Porter's magazines lie underneath the aft two turrets slightly above the waterline, leaving them exposed to enemy fire. Any hit to this area of the ship will almost certainly result in total loss of the ship. Captains of USS Porter should make every effort to make this area difficult to hit, preferably using other object such as land, or erratic movements. When possible captains should take hits amidships where the armour belt can soak up some of the damage. Porter houses 194 crewmen; less that that of similar rank destroyers such as the [[Gearing (Family)|Gearing-class destroyers]], resulting in slightly lower survivability under fire than other American destroyers.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The USS Porter, with its top speed of {{Annotation|37 kn|69 km/h,43 mph}}, is the fastest destroyer in the United States Navy bluewater fleet. She will be easily capable of taking any objectives, and the high speed of the vessel can allow her to make it to critical areas before other, slower destroyers are able. Taking roughly 30 seconds to accelerate to flank speed, and only 37 seconds to come to a halt, the Porter is very responsive to engine room commands. The rudder responds swiftly, taking less than a second at high speed to begin moving the ship. Speed falls to a respectable {{Annotation|26 kn|48 km/h,30 mph}} when in a sustained turn, but continuous evasive action is still ill-advised, for risk of making Porter a slow and vulnerable target.

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 62
|SpeedBackStockAB = 26
|TurnTimeStockAB = 130.35
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 43
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

Eight 5-inch cannons make the Porter one of the most dangerous destroyers in the game. That being said, due to the turrets being of a pre-war design, they have a relatively slow reaction time, as they turn rather slowly. Hence, the Porter's require a player to think of precisely when and where an enemy will come from. The rate of fire can easily be cut to under twenty rounds per minute, but the guns have a poor arc and velocity, and thus excel in close to medium range engagements.

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)}}

The USS Porter has two {{Annotation|1.1-inch|28 mm}}/75 "Chicago Pianos", one mounted forward of the bridge and the other mounted to the aft of the rear fire director. The {{Annotation|1.1-inch|28 mm}} lacks punch when compared to the more effective [[Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] found on later USN destroyers, and while useful in close quarters, cannot be relied on to be able to get reliable hits until a plane is either about to or has already released its payload. Captains are therefore advised to utilize the AAVT shells on the main guns when attempting to destroy aircraft in the beginning of the attack run, and allow the {{Annotation|1.1-inch|28 mm}} mounts to serve as a deterrent and final line of defense for the ship.

{{:1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)/Ammunition|1.1 inch Mk.1 HE-T}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|AN-M2 (12.7 mm)}}

With only two 12.5 machine guns, some PT boats have better dedicated AA weaponry. Regardless, they can still deter some planes, but cannot cover the front of the ship at all.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)}}

With 15 torpedoes, with a decent range and speed, the Porter can be a torpedo boat, but aside from serving as an ammo rack, in game, the high speed and rough terrain makes carrying torpedoes a very situational weapon, and one that largely shines in Naval EC

== Usage in battles ==


'''Destroyer Hunter'''

With double the guns of almost every destroyer around its BR, the Porter is a great anti destroyer hunter, a role it should stick to in an up-tier given its low calibre main battery. Due to its large size and poor lacklustre armour (which only helps against HE fire), the Porter should refrain from a cruiser gun duel, and instead cap points or cover more protected or faster allies in the shallow and narrow areas around caps.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 8 x 5-inch dual-purpose guns give it excellent firepower
* Decent rate of fire
* Good mobility
* Utilizes anti-fragmentation armour to protect the crew and internal components
* Carries 16 torpedoes, allowing it to create an area of denial at mid-to-long ranges

'''Cons:'''

* AA power is lacklustre due to only 2 x 12.7 mm AN-M2 Browning machine guns and 2 x 1.1"/75 calibre guns.
* The turrets lack any true armour making them vulnerable, much like its successor, USS Somers
* Shorter torpedo distance compared to its contemporaries
* Has a small crew size of 194

== History ==

[[File:USS Porter 1939.jpg|thumb|450x450px|USS Porter off of Yorktown, Virginia in 1939. Note the cruiser-like appearance of her superstructure.]]
The USS porter (DD-356) was the lead ship of her class of large destroyers built for the United States Navy before the Second World War. Designed as a destroyer leader to lead large groups of destroyers in combat, the Porter was built with a substantial main armament, making her one of the most heavily-armed destroyers of her time. Porter saw some service during the Second World War in the pacific theatre, and was eventually scuttled after being torpedoed at the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands.

=== Design and development ===
During the interwar period, the United States Navy built a number of large destroyers, or destroyer leaders, designed to lead destroyer flotillas in future conflicts. The first of these classes, the Porter class, was designed and built in the early 1930s. Porter was the lead ship of this class, and was laid down in December 1933. She was launched two years later in December 1935, and commissioned by August 1936.

Porter carried a main armament of eight 5-inch (127 mm) guns in four dual mounts - this was an exceptionally-heavy armament for a destroyer, matched only by her successor class, the [[USS Somers|Somers-class]]. Her anti-aircraft armament was extremely weak, with just two quadruple 28 mm (1.1 inch) Chicago Piano anti-aircraft mounts and two 12.7 mm (0.5 inch) AN/M2 machine guns. Porter had a massive engine block delivering 50 000 shaft horsepower, allowing her to reach a maximum speed of 35 knots. However, unlike the succeeding Somers-class, Porter had two funnels, limiting her to eight 533 mm torpedo tubes in two quad mounts. She had a crew of 194 officers and men.

=== Operational History ===
After her commissioning, the Porter embarked on a shakedown cruise to Northern Europe and St. John's, Newfoundland. In August 1937, she transferred to the Pacific fleet and was based out of San Diego, where she operated until the start of the Second World War. Through a stroke of luck, the Porter was not at Pearl Harbour on the day of the attack, having left port two days earlier. She then spent the next few months in training, before joining TF 16 heading towards the Solomon Islands. Upon arriving at the Solomons, the American carrier force engaged Japanese naval units in an engagement to be known as the Battle of Santa Cruz. In the ensuing action, Porter was torpedoed and eventually scuttled by the destroyer Shaw. The origin of the torpedo is not clear; however, a Japanese submarine is likely the culprit. Porter earned one battle star for her service during the Second World War.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_destroyer_porter_1941 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|rqmBfhYADaM|'''USS Porter - Flipped Review''' - ''Flipped StuG''}}

== See also ==


* [[Porter (Family)]]

== External links ==


=== References ===

* Helgason, G. (1995). USS Porter. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from <nowiki>https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5149.html</nowiki>
* Navy History and Heritage Command. (2019, August 9). Porter III (DD-356). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/p/porter-iii.html</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer New York Shipbuilding Corp.}}
{{USA destroyers}}

USS Moffett

2023-07-24T21:23:07Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_destroyer_porter_1942
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is the 7th ship in the [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] of USN destroyers. Laid down in January 1934 and commissioned in August 1936, and would serve throughout WW2. She did not participate in any major battles, serving most of the war as escort in the Atlantic theater. She did however sink the German U-boat U-128 along with USS Jouett, and managed to sink another submarine, U-604 after drawn out battle over 3 days in August. She would later defend convoy YN-78 from air attack in Tunisia, and be brought in for repairs afterwards. These would last until the end of the war, at which point they were halted. USS Moffett would be sold for scrap in May of 1947.

USS Moffett was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]], and with its battery of 8x {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 rapid firing guns is one of the most powerful destroyers in the US bluewater fleet. The guns can get down to a {{Annotation|22 rounds-per-minute|2.72 second}} reload, allowing Moffett to easily dispatch most destroyers and even light cruisers, although the guns begin to struggle against more heavily armoured light cruisers such as the [[Brooklyn (Family)|Brooklyn-class]]. The anti-aircraft battery is respectable, and the main battery also has access to {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive Variable Timed}} shells to deal with aircraft as well. This allows Moffett to help protect ships with less anti-aircraft such as the [[USS Northampton]] easily.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Moffett, like other American destroyers, is relatively well protected against destroyer calibre high explosive rounds. Her main belt and armour deck consists of a {{Annotation|.5-inch|12.7 mm}} anti-fragmentation armour belt. This will not protect against hits from any armour-piercing rounds, but significantly increases survivability when under fire from destroyer and light cruiser calibre HE rounds. This belt only covers the machinery spaces, the areas fore and aft of the hull are left unprotected. This includes the aft of the ships, where the vulnerable magazine is located.

USS Moffett's magazines lie underneath the aft two turrets, and critically are slightly above the waterline. Enemy captains that manage to score a hit in this location will almost certainly instantly destroy the ship. Therefore captains of Moffett should attempt to shield this vulnerable section, with natural cover if possible. If unable captains should attempt to make the rear of the ship as difficult as possible to hit; either from guns or torpedos. As for crew count, Moffett carries 194 crewmen, which is less that other contemporary destroyers such as the [[Fletcher (Family)|Fletcher-class]], resulting in slightly lower survivability under fire than other American destroyers.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

USS Moffett has a flank speed of {{Annotation|37 kn|69 km/h;43 mph}}, giving her, along with her [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] sisters the shared titles of fastest destroyers in the American tech tree. She responds to rudder commands within two seconds, so captains can expect good agility, allowing USS Moffett to reach areas inaccessible to larger vessels, contesting even coastal areas so long as the water doesn't become too shallow. While turning, her speed falls to {{Annotation|26 kn|48 km/h;30 mph}}, which while still respectable, makes her a much easier target, so captains should be prudent to avoid sustained turns. USS Moffett takes approximately 29 seconds to accelerate to flank speed from stopped, and 33 to come to a halt.

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 62
|SpeedBackStockAB = 26
|TurnTimeStockAB = 131.284
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 43
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

The USS Moffett is equipped with 8 x 5 inch/38 (127 mm) SP gun mounts. All are built in a dual mount setup, allowing for more guns on target than single mounts. When using her first stage ammo storage, she can fire at a very fast 22 rounds per minute, decreasing to 15 rpm once the first stage storage is empty. This rate of fire is among the highest of any destroyer's main gun of any nation, and even the second stage ammunition reload is competitive. Each first stage ready rack can hold up to 40 rounds in total.

The turret traverse speed is 15 degrees per second, and gun elevation speed is 12 degrees per second. Both forward and rear turret groups have a 150-degree turning radius and can elevate 35 degrees and depress a total of 10 degrees. The range of fire and traverse speed for the turrets on the Moffett is not exceptional, but the high number of guns ensures that a fair amount of firepower is available in any direction. That being said, the level of AA that these guns can provide is limited by the elevation of 35 degrees; planes directly above the Moffett cannot be targeted.

The 5"/38 guns on the Moffett have access to a range of shell options, including HE, Common, SP Common, and HE-VT. These munitions are competent, being on par with foreign 127 mm guns. The HE and HE-VT shells have 3.2 kg of TNT filler and are excellent at disabling external components and bombers respectively. The very high rate of fire allows for rapid retargeting once a module has been disabled, further contributing to the incapacitating power of the 5"/38.

Looking at the use-cases for each of the shells:

* '''AAC Mk.34 ({{Annotation|HE|High-explosive fragmentation shell}})''' - Ammunition of choice against heavy cruisers and other heavily-armoured targets where you can't do damage with any of the SAP shells. Use this to start fires, destroy secondary and anti-air guns, etc.
* '''Common Mk.32 ({{Annotation|Common|Common shell}})''' - Functionally similar to a semi-armour-piercing shell, it is your default go-to ammunition against majority of destroyers, MBTs, or other soft-skinned targets
* '''SP Common Mk.46 ({{Annotation|SP Common|Special common shell}})''' - Functionally similar to a semi-armour-piercing shell with more penetration. It is an alternative against armoured destroyers (e.g. most of USSR designs) or a light cruisers. Trades damage output for a better penetration - still not enough enough of it to penetrate the citadel of a heavy cruiser, but there is a narrow group of targets and ranges where Mk.46 is superior. If you are in doubt when to use it - opt for Mk.32 or regular HE.
* '''AAVT Mk.31 ({{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive variable time fuse shell}})''' - One of the best anti-air options in its BR. A combination of the high rate of fire with a relatively good explosive filler on a time fuse make it a potent weapon that most players don't expect to encounter. But remember that the HE-VT fuse is arming after 457 m, in any distance shorter than that it works like a regular HE shell. If you have issues aiming at the airborne units - ''Select secondary weapon'' (default <kbd>Alt+2</kbd> on PC), then hover over the enemy bomber/fighter and press ''Manual targeting of the primary calibre'' (default <kbd>X+1</kbd> on PC) to have AI gunners aim for you. You can switch back to your main guns with ''Select primary weapon'' (default <kbd>Alt+1</kbd> on PC).

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)}}

The Moffett has only two 1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 "Chicago Piano" AA guns. They are slow to traverse and slow to fire, and as such the passive AA capacity of these guns are very low. Still, they do serve as a deterrent and are capable of destroying PT boats if the main armament is disabled.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

Instead of using the M2 Browning MG like its tech tree counterpart [[USS Porter]], the Moffett features five Oerlikon autocannons, which is a beefy upgrade compared to the Porter. Along with Chicago Piano secondary, the Moffett has a competent level of AA, and can take down planes with an average level of consistency.

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''20 mm AP:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''20 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

{{:20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-T, AP-T, HEF-I}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)|Mk.6 mortar depth charge}}

Moffett is equipped with 8 x 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, positioned into twin mounts, one placed just behind the rear smokestack and the other between the two smokestacks. While it is not the most powerful in-game torpedo, it can still do its job well.

== Usage in battles ==

Similarly to her sister ship USS Porter, the Moffett excels at hunting other destroyers with its eight 127 mm guns and anti-fragmentation armour. The high number of guns and great quality of the main armament allows the Moffett to gun down nearly any other destroyer faster than some early light cruisers. Even at its relatively high BR for a destroyer, the Moffett is capable of maintaining a damage output that is competitive, if not top of the class, at a BR where cruisers begin to enter the fray.

In the right hands, the USS Moffett is even capable of destroying light and heavy cruisers with relative ease.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire
* Twin quadruple torpedo tube mounts (totalling 8 tubes)
* Beefy AA armament
* Top speed of 37 knots (69 km/h)
* Utilizes anti-fragmentation armour to protect the crew and internal components

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability against larger ships
* Rear magazine is easy to hit and detonate
* Shorter torpedo distance compared to its contemporaries
* Low crew count of 194
* Carries only 8 torpedoes instead of 16 of its tech tree counterpart

== History ==

[[File:1439px-USS Moffett (DD-362) underway on 26 March 1944 (80-G-233588).jpg|thumb|USS Moffett (DD-362) underway on March 26th 1944. Note that she retained her original armament throughout the course of the war, while her sister ships typically had a turret removed to counter their top-heaviness.]]
USS Moffett was the fourth destroyer of the [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] to be commissioned and the third to be launched. She was an inter-war destroyer design built for the US Navy. Commissioned in late 1936, the Moffett was immediately put to service as a peacekeeper in the South American theatre. She escorted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to the Atlantic Charter Conference with Winston Churchill and saw active service as a convoy escort in the Atlantic theatre. During her time as a submarine escort, she contributed to the sinking of two U-boats. Moffett was decommissioned after the end of the war and scrapped in 1947.<ref name=":0">Willishaw, F. (1996)</ref><ref name=":1">The Tin Can Sailors. (1996)</ref>

The USS Moffett received her namesake from the "Air Admiral" or "Architect of Naval Aviation", William Adger Moffett, and was sponsored by the late Admiral's daughter Beverly Moffett. W. Moffett is most noted for his in-depth involvement in American naval aviation tactics, supporting the Navy in building the USS Langley, USS Lexington, and USS Saratoga, and his advocacy of the development of lighter-than-air crafts (dirigibles) prior to his death on the USS Akron. <ref>Moffett, William Adger; The National Aviation Hall of Fame; https://www.nationalaviation.org/our-enshrinees/moffett-william-adger/</ref>

No other US Naval ship has since borne the name Moffett.

=== Design and development ===
The Moffett was a member of the Porter class, a class of eight American destroyers intended to replace the preceding [[USS Aylwin|Farragut-class]]. Despite being initially designed in 1916, the ships were not built until the early 1930s. Intended to fit within the 1,850-ton displacement limit of the London Naval Treaty, Moffett ended up displacing almost 2,700 tons full as the design was improved.<ref name=":0" /> She was 116 metres long, and with 50,000 shaft horsepower, could make 37 knots (69 km/h).<ref name=":0" /> Her main armament consisted of eight 5-inch (127 mm) single-purpose guns in four double mounts.<ref name=":0" /> She also carried various anti-aircraft defences and eight torpedo tubes in two quadruple mounts.

Moffett was laid down in 1934 by the Bethlehem Steel Shipyard and was launched in December of 1935.<ref name=":0" /> After being completed, she was formally commissioned on August 28th, 1936.<ref name=":0" />

=== Operational History ===
After her commissioning, the Moffett was immediately put to use in peacekeeping operations. She sailed as part of the Southern Atlantic Neutrality Patrol in 1941, which was responsible for maintaining peace off Brazil's coast. During this time, she also escorted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to his conference with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Labrador, Canada.<ref name=":1" />

Following the American entry into World War II, Moffett served as a convoy escort in the Atlantic ocean.<ref name=":1" /> It was during this time that she achieved her first submarine kill; this occurred when the Moffett sighted a U-boat that had been previously attacked by allied PBM Mariners. Along with the destroyer USS Jouett (DD-396), she successfully sank the submarine using gunfire.<ref name=":1" /> Just three months later, Moffett was escorting another allied convoy when she encountered another submarine, U-604. Following a chase that lasted an entire week, the Moffett managed to severely damage the submarine using depth charges, which led to its scuttling.<ref name=":1" />

Moffett spent the remainder of the war as a convoy escort, defending allied convoys travelling from the Caribbean to Europe. She returned to the US in 1945 to receive a refit, but the war ended while she was still in the drydock. As a result, Moffett was decommissioned and scrapped in 1947.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> She received two stars for her service during the war.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_destroyer_porter_1942 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:USS Moffett (DD-362) 002.jpg|
File:USS Moffett (DD-362).jpg|
File:USS Moffett Bow.jpg|
File:USS Moffett Bow at Sea.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[Porter (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Willishaw, F. (1996). USS Moffett (DD-362). Retrieved November 29, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/362.htm</nowiki>
* The Tin Can Sailors. (1996). USS Moffett. Retrieved November 29, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.destroyers.org/histories/h-dd-362.htm</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer Bethlehem Steel}}
{{USA destroyers}}
{{USA premium ships}}

USS Detroit

2023-07-24T21:01:48Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{About
| about = American light cruiser '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other Omaha-class cruisers
| link = Omaha (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_omaha_class_detroit
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was laid down in November 1920, and commissioned in July of 1923 as the 5th of 10 [[Omaha (Family)|Omaha-class]] light cruisers. Her original design as a "Scout Cruiser" gave her class an unique armament with forward facing casemate guns as part of her main battery. She would go on to serve in WW2, the only theater she saw action in being in the Aleutians, bombarding Attu and assisting in the landings. She did however, notably bring 8 metric tons of gold and 12 metric tons of silver from the submarine USS Trout (which had evacuated it from Corredigor in the Philippines) to the US Treasury in San Francisco. She would serve uneventfully through the rest of WW2, and be sold for scrap in 1946.

Being introduced during [[Update "Red Skies"]], USS Detroit was a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season IV, "Fearless Voltigeur"]]. Compared to her sister ship [[USS Trenton]], Detroit is in her 1942 refit, notably gaining access to an anti-aircraft battery of 20mm Oerlikons in addition to the {{Annotation|1.1-inch|28 mm}}, giving a large boost to the anti-aircraft capabilities. The Omaha-class has a distinct advantage when approaching the enemy bow in; the unique casemate design allows for 4-6 of the {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} guns to be brought to bear whilst also lowering the silhouette of the ship.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|6 inch/53 Mk.12 (152 mm)}}
The one saving grace of this ship is its 6 inch artillery. Powerful enough to obliterate most destroyers in a few well placed hits, it unfortunately has a poor reload rate, and an even worse traverse rate. This vessel is essentially a support ship for more powerful ships in its BR range.

{{:6 inch/53 Mk.12 (152 mm)/Ammunition|6 inch Mk.34 HC, 6 inch Mk.27 SC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|3-inch Mark 10 (76 mm)}}

The 3 inch (76 mm) cannons do have HE-VT shells, meaning that they can ward off planes and ships, but only at close range.

{{:3-inch Mark 10 (76 mm)/Ammunition|76 mm HC Mk.27, 76 mm AP Mk.29, 76 mm HE-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

The Detroit is equipped with one Chicago Piano mount and eight single-mount Oerlikon cannons. This provides some decent AA cover at close range, though it certainly isn't winning any awards for defensive firepower. It is better to simply stay close to AA ships and destroyers for some extra protection.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)}}

The ship has a pair of torpedo launchers, but their poor placement and poor torpedoes makes them a poor choice to use.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located on the stern are two catapults with one SOC-1 scout plane each which provide unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. Alongside the typical abilities of strafing, dropping 2 x 100 lb bombs, and capping zones, the SOC-1 and other scout planes have the added ability to lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new! With two scout planes one can risk a cap attempt at the beginning of the match, saving the second for any opportunity that presents itself.

== Usage in battles ==


While using the USS Detroit, try to exploit its mobility advantage and flank around the map. Use cover to make up for the subpar armour of the ship. When playing this ship, make sure you avoid higher-tier cruisers like IJN Mogami, HMS London or Admiral Hipper and go for destroyers and lower-tier cruisers.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Shell rooms are located deep beneath waterline, and rear shell room is also covered by fuel tanks
* All six forward main guns can fire towards bow direction
* Two scout seaplanes
* 76 mm guns have HE-VT shells

'''Cons:'''

* When firing on one broadside, the single-gun turrets draw ammo from shared ready racks, so they maintain fast-firing longer than the twin-gun turrets, resulting in unsynchronized firing pattern
* Poor armour

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_omaha_class_detroit Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Photos
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="250">
File:USS Detroit (CL-8) at San Diego in 1935.jpg|USS Detroit (CL-8) in the harbour at San Diego, California in 1935.
File:USS Detroit (CL-8) off Port Angeles on April 1944 (19-N-63828).jpg|USS Detroit (CL-8) off Port Angeles, Washington (USA) in 1944.
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|477cgrAHIQg|'''Battle Pass "Fearless Voltigeur"''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 03:04 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7250-development-battle-pass-vehicles-uss-detroit-cl-8-en|[Devblog] Battle Pass vehicles: USS Detroit (CL-8)]]

{{ShipManufacturer Bethlehem Steel}}
{{USA light cruisers}}
{{USA premium ships}}

USS Northampton

2023-07-24T20:43:56Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_northampton_class
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Laid down in 1928,'''{{Specs|name}}'''would be commissioned in 1930 as the lead ship of her class. Notably, these were originally classed as light cruisers due to their poor protection, but were reclassed after the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty. Northampton was actually at sea near Pearl Harbour, when the Japanese launched their surprise attack. She would later see battle in the Battle of the Santa Cruz islands, coming to the aid of Hornet before she sank, and would go on to be lost in the Battle of Tassafaronga. She would be struck by two torpedos and began to take a list, but managed to stay afloat for 3 hours, long enough for an orderly evacuation.

It was introduced in [[Update "Raining Fire"]], and sits alongside the [[USS Portland]] as the lowest ranking heavy cruisers in the USN bluewater tree. Unlike the Portland however, it's in its 1941 refit, and therefore lacks the 20mm anti-aircraft battery; this hampers its performance against aircraft. It has the same main battery of 9 {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} guns, but it has the same issue of weak armour in exchange. All light cruisers and even many destroyers will be able to penetrate the armour at battle ranges.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Northampton's survivability is rather mediocre for an American heavy cruiser, and rather weak compared to the enemies it often faces in battle. Northampton has a main armour belt of just 3 inches (76 mm) of RHA, which can be easily penetrated by SAP and AP shells above 127 mm calibre. The magazines are protected by 95 mm of armour and sit below the waterline, meaning that they are relatively survivable. However, Northampton's ready-use shell rooms are directly below the turrets and thinly-protected, meaning that they can be detonated by enemy shells and cause severe damage. The turrets themselves only have 63mm in the front and even worse on the sides, meaning that even destroyers can penetrate and disable them. Finally, Northampton only has 872 crew members, which severely limits its effectiveness in battle.

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front !! Side !! Rear !! Deck/Roof
|-
| Turret (8"/55) || 63.5 mm 63.5 mm (gun mantlet) || 38.1 mm || 19.1 mm || 38.1 mm
|-
| Barbette || colspan="3" | 38.1 mm || N/A
|-
| Magazine (Front) || 63.5 mm + 19.1mm (elevator) || 95.25 mm || 38.1 mm || 50.8 mm
|-
| Magazine (Rear) || 50.8 mm || 95.25 mm || 38.1 mm || 50.8 mm
|-
| Citadel || 38.1 mm || 31.75 mm (upper) 76.2 mm (lower) || 38.1 mm || 25.4 mm
|-
| Bridge || colspan="4" | 31.8 mm
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Northampton has decidedly average mobility for a cruiser, with a top speed of 60 km/h in Realistic battles and 70 km/h in Arcade - this is on par with most cruisers of other navies. The ship's turning circle and acceleration are nothing special, either.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|8 inch/55 Mark 9 (203 mm)}}

Northampton carries a main armament of nine 8"/55 Mk.9 guns in three triple mounts, two fore and one aft. These guns are the standard armament for American heavy cruisers, and pack an impressive punch. The guns have good ballistics, and can access four shell types: Mk.14 Common, Mk.19 APCBC, Mk.25 HC and Mk.17 SP Common. Of these shells, the Mk.17 Special Common shell is most effective against cruisers, as it has a great explosive mass and enough penetration for most cruiser main armour belts. The Mk.19 APCBC shell can be used against heavily-armoured targets, but has a relatively small explosive mass of 1.65 kg. Finally, the HC shell, with almost 10 kg of explosive filler, is highly effective against destroyers and unarmoured vessels.

However, the guns have two main drawbacks. Firstly, they have the slowest reload speed of any 8-inch gun, with a fire rate of just three rounds per minute (20-second gun reload). This means that they fire much slower than their contemporaries, which typically have a fire rate of five rounds per minute (12-second reload). As well, the guns have the slowest horizontal turret rotation speed of any heavy cruiser, at just 3.1 degrees/second (comparatively, the Admiral Hipper's guns rotate at 6.8 degrees/second).

{{:8 inch/55 Mark 9 (203 mm)/Ammunition|8 inch Mk.14 Common, 8 inch Mk.19 APCBC, 8 inch Mk.25 HC, 8 inch Mk.17 SP Common}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)}}

USS Northampton carries a secondary battery of 8 x single mount {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/25 Mk.13 AA guns. Four of these are mounted abreast of the second funnel, two port and two starboard. The other four are mounted on a lower deck aft of the second funnel before the rear turret, once again two per side. The {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/25 is a purpose-built AA weapon, and therefore has no rounds intended for anti-ship duties, leaving captains with {{Annotation|HE-TF|High Explosive Time Fuse}} and {{Annotation|HE-VT|High Explosive Variable Time}} shells. The {{Annotation|HE-TF|High Explosive Time Fuse}} are heavily reliant on crew skills, so captains are recommended to upgrade the "Distance fuze set accuracy" crew skill to improve chances of a hit. The {{Annotation|HE-VT|High Explosive Variable Time}} is a much better overall shell, automatically exploding within 23 m of the target. This shell can also be used against lightly armoured ships and boats, as they will not explode midair before hitting the enemy ship. The shells will only be effective against destroyers and small watercraft, as any armoured vessel will simply shrug off the shells. They will destroy AA mounts and set fires to heavier ships but will do no appreciable damage to crew.

The guns of course have less range than the [[5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)]] developed later, but due to the shorter barrel it has a faster traverse rate allowing it to track enemy targets more efficiently, and with a 3 s reload the guns have a quick rate of fire as well. Captains should be mindful of the lower velocity of the rounds compared to the 38 calibre variant that may be more familiar. The gun mounts also have minimum shielding, so it is recommended to avoid repairing them until needed to avoid draining USS Northampton of vital crew.

{{:5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch Mk.36 AAC, 5 inch Mk.28 AAC-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)|AN-M2 (12.7 mm)}}

Northampton carries four quadruple 1.1 inch "Chicago Pianos". The 1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 gun, otherwise known as the "Chicago Piano" (because it was the size of a baby grand-piano), was the standard anti-aircraft armament for most American ships prior to the introduction of the 40 mm Bofors cannon. These guns are mediocre at best; though they have a good fire rate (similar to the AN-M2 Browning), they aren't too effective at dealing damage, and also jam rather quickly. As well, take note that the gun doesn't have ammunition options.

Northampton also carries eight single 12.7 mm AN-M2 machine guns. The AN-M2 is a navalised anti-aircraft version of the popular Browning machine gun. This gun is rather ineffective at dealing significant damage to enemy aircraft, and is only effective within ~1.5-2 kilometres at most. As well, keep in mind that these guns have a long 12-second reload after the gun's magazine has been used.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships are two catapults with one SOC-1 scout plane each which provide unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. Alongside the typical abilities of strafing, dropping 2 x 100 lb bombs, and capturing zones, the SOC-1 and other scout planes have the added ability to lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new! With two scout planes one can risk a cap attempt at the beginning of the match, saving the second for any opportunity that presents itself.

== Usage in battles ==

USS Northampton isn't the easiest ship to play, especially given that it faces battleships often (which completely outclass it in every aspect except anti-aircraft protection) and many cruisers too (such as USS Brooklyn and USS Helena) which outclass it in terms of firepower. As such, the ship needs to be played carefully in order to succeed in battle.

Firstly, Northampton's main battery is quite mediocre. The nine 203 mm guns, placed in triple turrets (the same arrangement as the USS Portland), have an extremely weak reload speed of 17.1 seconds with a completely spaded crew, and 20+ seconds with a stock crew. This reload speed is not competitive against most other cruisers at the Northampton's BR, and severely limits the ship's damage potential. Furthermore, Northampton's guns are inaccurate - and that is, very inaccurate. These weapons have a lot of trouble hitting things reliably beyond ranges of 8 km, making the ship hard to play at longer ranges. These constraints mean that Northampton does a lot better at closer ranges, where its main battery can hit targets reliably.

Secondly, Northampton is not that survivable. Though it does have a relatively large crew size for a heavy cruiser, Northampton lacks heavy armour, especially on its citadel, which houses the massive engine block - this trait is shared by other American pre-war heavy cruisers including USS Pensacola and USS Portland. The ship also has little protection on its first stage shell rooms (38 mm of RHA), which can be detonated by stray shells. Because of these constraints, you should try to use ground cover as much as possible to preserve survivability. In maps such as South Kvarken, with plenty of island covers, stay behind islands wherever possible. In open maps such as the conquest maps, your only hope will be to stay behind the front lines, and hope that enemies don't target you.

Finally, note that Northampton does not have great anti-aircraft defence. As the next class of American heavy cruiser after the USS Pensacola, Northampton gets sixteen 28 mm "Chicago Piano" guns in four quadruple mounts as well as eight 12.7 mm AN-M2 Browning HMGs. These weapons lack range and power, limiting their effectiveness to ranges of less than 2.5 kilometres. Indeed, the ship does carry eight 127 mm Mk 25 guns, capable of firing AA-VT (proximity fuse) ammunition, but these weapons are not capable of firing fast enough to be able to destroy faster incoming aircraft. Because of this, you should try to stay with allied ships, particularly ships with great anti-aircraft protection. This will help ensure that your ship will stay safe from enemy aircraft.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Hard-hitting broadside of nine 203 mm (8 inch) guns in triple turrets
** Guns fire powerful ammunition at relatively high muzzle velocities
** Guns have great firing angles with one superfiring pair and one lone turret at the rear
* Better anti-aircraft armament than its historical predecessor, USS Pensacola
* Two scout seaplanes.

'''Cons:'''

* Main gun effectiveness is heavily diminished by an extremely slow reload speed (20+ seconds) and poor accuracy
* Anti-aircraft defence is still terrible and fails to hit targets reliably at longer ranges
* Not very survivable, with weak armour protection and just 621 crew members
* No access to auxiliary armaments such as torpedoes

== History ==

The USS Northampton (CA-26) was the lead ship of the Northampton-class of heavy cruisers. Originally classified as a light cruiser due to her small size, she was later reclassified as a heavy cruiser because of her 8-inch armament. She served in the Pacific prior to the Second World War, and was escorting the USS Enterprise when the Japanese fleet attacked Pearl Harbour. She later served in the Guadalcanal campaign, participating in the Battle of Santa Cruz. However, she was sunk at the Battle of Tassafaronga, having been struck by Japanese torpedoes.<ref name=":0">Rickard, J. (2004)</ref><ref name=":1">US Navy Heritage Command. (2015)</ref>

=== Design and construction ===
The USS Northampton was the lead ship of the Northampton-class, the second American 'Treaty' heavy cruiser class following the [[USS Pensacola|Pensacola]]-class. Due to the limitations of the Washington naval treaty, they were very light at just 9,000 tons standard - even lighter than their predecessors, the [[USS Pensacola|Pensacolas]].<ref name=":0" /> The armament scheme was revised to feature nine 8-inch (203 mm) guns in three triple turrets, which would be featured on every subsequent American heavy cruiser.<ref name=":0" /> Their anti-aircraft armament was initially sparse but would be refitted later on. As with all American heavy cruiser designs, they did not carry any torpedo armament. The Northampton-class were capable of making 32.7 knots (60 km/h).<ref name=":0" />

The USS Northampton was laid down on April 12th of 1928, and launched on September 5th 1929. She was sponsored by Grace Coolidge, former first lady of the United states. After construction was completed, she was formally commissioned on May 17th 1930.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Northampton towing USS Hornet.jpg|thumb|380x380px|Northampton attempting to save the Crippled USS Hornet at the battle of Guadalcanal.]]

=== Service history ===
After her commissioning, the Northampton embarked on a shakedown cruise into the Mediterranean as part of the US Atlantic Fleet. Following the London Naval Treaty, the ship was reclassified as CA-26. In 1932, she moved to the Pacific fleet and was homeported at San Pedro; she would remain there until the start of the Second World War.<ref name=":1" />

When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour, the Northampton was out at sea escorting the USS Enterprise with Admiral William 'Bull' Halsey on board. She subsequently escorted the aircraft carrier Hornet on the Doolittle raid and the carrier Enterprise during the Battle of Midway.<ref name=":1" /> She escorted the Hornet during the Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, and attempted to keep her afloat after the carrier was severely damaged by Japanese aircraft. Her attempts were unsuccessful, and the Hornet was finished off by torpedoes and gunfire.<ref name=":1" />

The Northampton engaged in her final action, the Battle of Tassafaronga on November 30th 1942. A force of several American heavy cruisers and destroyers encountered a group of eight Japanese destroyers, tasked with delivering food to the forces at Guadalcanal.<ref name=":1" /> Taken by surprise, the Japanese force lost one of the destroyers with heavy damage to others. However, they retaliated with a torpedo attack and hit several of the American heavy cruisers. Northampton was hit by two Japanese [[Type 93 (610 mm) (Family)|Type 93 "Long Lance"]] torpedoes, which tore large gashes in her hull. Crippled and sinking, the ship was abandoned. Northampton received a total of six battle stars for her service during the Second World War.<ref name=":1" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_northampton_class Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliograhphy

* Rickard, J. (2004, March 10). USS Northampton CA-26. Retrieved November 18, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_USS_Northampton_CA26.html</nowiki>
* US Navy Heritage Command. (2015, August 13). Northampton II (CL-26). Retrieved November 18, 2020, from <nowiki>https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/n/northampton-ii.html</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer Bethlehem Steel}}
{{USA heavy cruisers}}

USS Pittsburgh

2023-07-24T20:15:14Z

U40820515: /* Primary armament */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_baltimore_class_pittsburgh
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

'''{{Specs|name}}''' was the 5th member of the [[Baltimore (Family)|Baltimore-class]] heavy cruisers, the first US heavy cruisers to be designed after the ending of the Washington and London naval treaties. Laid down in February 1943, Pittsburgh would be commissioned in October of 1944 and would serve through the rest of World War 2, mostly serving as part of the cover screen for Task Force 58. She would gain the nickname "Longest Ship in the War" after damage from Typhoon Viper caused her bow to snap off, leaving thousands of miles in between her bow and the rest of the ship as she returned to the States for repairs. She would be decommissioned in 1947, but recommissioned in 1951 with the commencement of hostilities in Korea. Though she saw no combat in this conflict, she would patrol the Atlantic and Mediterranean, finishing her last deployment in the Pacific before being decommissioned again in 1956. She would remain in the reserves until being sold for scrap in 1974.

Introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]], the USS Pittsburgh will be broadly similar to her classmate [[USS Baltimore]], though coming in a later 1953 refit. She has the same primary and secondary armament, but her anti-aircraft battery has been supplanted by {{Annotation|3-inch|76.2 mm}} autocannons firing {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive variable timed}} shells, granting greater range at the cost of a slower fire rate. Pittsburgh also notably gains aircraft tracking radar, allowing her to serve well as an escort to larger, less protected ships such as dreadnought battleships.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Pittsburgh, as a member of the [[Baltimore (Family)|Baltimore-class]] of heavy cruisers, was no longer subject to the terms of the Washington or London Naval Treaties, resulting in her having much thicker armour than her preceding classes. This is most evident in her main belt, which is up to a much more substantial {{Annotation|6 inches|152 mm}} compared to earlier heavy cruisers with a less than {{Annotation|3-inch|76.2 mm}} belt. This belt covers the midsection of the ship, protecting the machinery spaces from harm. These also form bulkheads fore and aft of the machinery spaces and protect the steering gear in the stern of the ship as well. Directly above and to the sides of the main belt, the armour drops to {{Annotation|.75 inches|19.05 mm}} of anti-fragmentation armour, and the rest of the hull has {{Annotation|.5-inch|12.7 mm}} plates of anti-fragmentation armour as covering all compartments. These swathes of anti-fragmentation armour will not stop any armour piercing shells, but will greatly reduce damage from HE shells, especially those of destroyers and light cruisers. The main armoured deck of {{Annotation|2.5 inches|63.5 mm}} is positioned at the top of the {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} armour belt, and above the steering gear and magazines, protecting from any plunging fire that may enter at odd angles.

The turrets are well armoured like other American ships, with a {{Annotation|8-inch|203.2 mm}} plate protecting the front of the turret, angled at 32° to increase effectiveness. This makes the turret effectively immune to most fire from destroyers and light cruisers, and at range against other heavy cruisers. Although it is incapable of stopping fire from enemy battlecruisers or battleships, it will still do well against other cruisers of the rank. This leads back into small {{Annotation|3.25-inch|82.55 mm}} plates, angled sharply at approximately 73° before reaching the sides and rear of the turrets. These are protected by meagre {{Annotation|1.5-inch|38.1 mm}} plates; these will protect against no more than 40 mm guns, and even destroyer shells will easily penetrate and knock the turret out of action. Captains should keep the turrets faced towards threats at all times, as the sides and rear of the turrets are very vulnerable areas. The turret barbettes are also protected against destroyer and light cruiser fire with {{Annotation|6.3 inches|160 mm}} of armour, leading down to the magazines. These are positioned well below the waterline and are unlikely to be hit, but have {{Annotation|3 inches|76 mm}} of armour surrounding them just in case.

Torpedo protection, as with other American cruisers, is provided only by fuel tanks. Captains should be wary of enemy torpedo spreads, as USS Pittsburgh is unlikely to be capable of taking hits from enemy torpedos without mortal damage to the ship.

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front !! Side !! Rear !! Deck/Roof
|-
| Main calibre turret || 203 mm || 82.55 mm (front, cheeks) 38.1 mm (rear) || 38.1 mm || 76.2 mm
|-
| Auxiliary calibre turret || style="text-align:center" colspan="4" | 19.05 mm
|-
| Forward magazine || 140 mm || 76 mm (upper) 102 mm (lower)
!
| 28.575 mm (upper) 63.5 mm (lower)
|-
| Citadel || 152 mm || 152 mm (upper) 102 mm (lower) || 152 mm || 28.575 mm (upper) 63.5 mm (lower)
|-
| Aft magazine
!
| 76 mm (upper) 50.8 mm (lower) || 127 mm || 28.575 mm (upper) 63.5 mm (lower)
|-
| Bridge || 165 mm || 50.8 mm || 139.7 mm || 50.8 mm
|-
| Barbette || style="text-align:center" colspan="3" | 160 mm
!
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Both magazines and the citadel are protected by fuel tanks.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|8 inch/55 Mark 12 (203 mm)}}

Being a WW2 US cruiser, USS Pittsburgh shoots super-heavy {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing Capped Ballistic Capped}} shells out of her {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} guns. These shells are heavier than contemporary shells from other nations, weighing over 150 kg, compared to the average of 110 kg. This gives them a longer flight time, but a steeper angle. The idea was that, at long ranges, the shells would penetrate battleship's decks from above instead of hitting the much thicker side armour. In spite of this, they still have more than enough penetration below 8 km to cleave through the belt, magazine, and barbette armour of even the most well-protected cruiser at its BR and above, allowing the Pittsburgh to quickly disarm and dispatch enemy cruisers with a few well-aimed salvos. This shell is prone to overpenetration and lacks much filler, so against most light cruisers it's recommended to fire the Mk.14 Common shell at close range; with 4.84 kg TNTe this will do much more reliable damage. For patrol vessels and destroyers, the Mk.25 HC shell with access to 9.5 kg explosive mass is recommended. When targeting a ship at close range isrecommended to fire the turrets individually to hit specific components, as with a 15 second reload many cruisers will simply out-reload a traditional broadside.

{{:8 inch/55 Mark 12 (203 mm)/Ammunition|8 inch Mk.14 Common, 8 inch Mk.21 APCBC, 8 inch Mk.25 HC, 8 inch Mk.17 SP Common}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

The secondary armament on the {{PAGENAME}} are six dual-purpose, dual-mounted 127 mm turrets, weapons that a majority of other Bluewater ships use and so players are quite familiar in their operation at this stage. These turrets are the {{PAGENAME}}'s first line of defence against PT boats and aircraft.

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|3 inch Mk.33 (76 mm)}}

USS Pittsburgh carries ten 3 inch Mk.33 automatic cannons in twin installation. As part of her AAA, the gun fires HE-VT shells in her default configuration and has no other ammo options. The gun has a rate of fire of 50 rpm and overheats in 35 seconds. Unlike the 40 mm Bofors, the 3-inch gun mount has no shield or surrounding parapet to defend against shrapnel; the side mounts can only rotate 180° so they can't shoot over the superstructure and cover another broadside, whereas the Bofors can rotate 360°. Overall, Pittsburgh's AA barrage is quite sparse, and she is completely exposed to air raid after all AA guns are overheated.

AI gunners that man them can target larger opponents such as destroyers and cruisers, although the effect that this has on the Pittsburgh's damage output is minimal.

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Anti-fragmentation armour can help protect against cruiser-calibre HE shells
* Well-armoured hull increase its survivability
* Decent mobility
* Great overall firepower, with an access to super-heavy AP shell and large number of dual-purposes cannons
* Huge numbers of proximity fuse AA battery provide formidable anti-air defense

'''Cons:'''

* Dreadful stock grind thanks to its terrible default SAP shell
* No torpedo armaments
* Main magazine sits far above the waterline, can be detonated with a well-placed shot
* No scout planes, unlike her sister ship

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_baltimore_class_pittsburgh Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[USS Baltimore]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7312-development-uss-pittsburgh-the-longest-ship-in-the-world-en|[Devblog] USS Pittsburgh: The Longest Ship in the World]]

{{ShipManufacturer Bethlehem Steel}}
{{USA heavy cruisers}}

USS Portland

2023-07-24T20:08:18Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_portland_class
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', also known as "Sweet Pea', was the lead ship of her class. Being laid down in February 1930, she would commission in February 1933, going on to serve through the entirety of WW2. Crucially, she would play a vital role in the opening of the war in the Pacific, screening the carriers at the Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway and Guadalcanal. She would also play a role in the Aleutian Campaign before returning for the Battle of Leyte Gulf. With the cessation of hostilities, she would help with transporting troops back to to the US before reporting for decommissioning in 1946. Notably, Pensacola was one of the few ships that served through the whole war without missing any major battles, and also received 16 battle stars; one of the most decorated USN ships of WW2.

USS Portland was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]]. Compared to other heavy cruisers of the rank like the [[USS Pensacola]] that it precedes, it has a smaller battery of 9 {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} guns. In exchange it gains extra {{Annotation|1.1-inch|28 mm}} and 20mm guns, granting a much stronger anti-aircraft battery than measly heavy machine guns. The main weakness however is the weak armour, less than that of many light cruisers, as it had to be sacrificed to gain an {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} battery on treaty-era heavy cruisers.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Portland's survivability is rather mediocre for an American heavy cruiser, and rather weak compared to the enemies it often faces in battle. Portland has a main armour belt of just 57.15 mm of RHA, which can be easily penetrated by SAP and AP shells above 127 mm calibre. The magazines are protected by 146 mm of armour and sit below the waterline, meaning that they are relatively survivable. However, Portland's ready-use shell rooms are directly below the turrets and thinly-protected, meaning that they can be detonated by enemy shells and cause severe damage. Its main turrets have only 63 mm of armour on the front and even less on the sides, while its secondary armament is exposed and prone to shrapnel damage. All of these factors combined make for a vessel that can be quickly disabled and ravaged by lower caliber fast reloading cannons (Atlantas, Clevelands, and Brooklyns in particular are especially dangerous to the Portland), and it must be played cautiously. Portland has a crew of 1,033 crew members, which is about average for a cruiser; the ship's four engines are placed symmetrically in groups of two, meaning that a well-placed shot can knock out at least two engines.

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front !! Side !! Rear !! Deck/Roof
|-
| Turret || 63.5 mm || 19.1 mm || 19.1 mm || 38.1 mm
|-
| Magazine (Front) || 146 mm || 146 mm || N/A || 54
|-
| Citadel || 50.8 mm || 57.15 mm || 50.8 mm || 63.5 mm
|-
| Magazine (Rear) || N/A || 146 mm || 146 mm || 54 mm
|-
| Barbette || colspan="3" | 37 mm || N/A
|-
| Bridge || colspan="3" | 32 mm || N/A
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

USS Portland, as a cruiser, reaches a top speed of {{Annotation|32.4 kn|60 km/h;37.2 mph}}. This is similar to most other United States Navy heavy cruisers, being fractionally slower than the later [[USS Pittsburgh]] for example. This speed will allow captains of Portland to keep pace or slightly surpass other nation's cruisers, though it will be outpaced by light cruisers and destroyers. This speed allows the Portland to take objectives, though it may not be recommended to close the distance, instead using the floatplanes to capture and keeping range from enemy vessels. Portland's rudder takes approximately 3 seconds to respond at flank speed, and the speed falls to {{Annotation|23 kn|42 km/h;26 mph}} while in a sustained turn. Portland takes approximately 40 seconds to accelerate to flank speed, and 1 minute to come to a halt. Captains should be aware that USS Portland has a wide turning circle, and should give any obstructions a wide berth, as she will be unable to quickly respond to avoid collisions.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|8 inch/55 Mark 9 (203 mm)}}

The Portland carries a main armament of nine 8"/55 Mk.9 guns in three triple turrets, two fore and one aft. These guns are the standard armament for American heavy cruisers, and pack an impressive punch. The guns have good ballistics, and can access four shell types: Mk.14 Common, Mk.19 APCBC, Mk.25 HC and Mk.17 SP Common. Of these shells, the Mk.17 Special Common shell is most effective against cruisers, as it has a great explosive mass and enough penetration for most cruiser main armour belts. The Mk.19 APCBC shell can be used against heavily-armoured targets, but has a relatively small explosive mass of 1.65 kg. Finally, the HC shell, with almost 10 kg of explosive filler, is highly effective against destroyers and unarmoured vessels. The exception is when facing against American destroyers such as the USS Moffett, in which case their extensive anti-fragmentation armour makes them extremely (some would say unreasonably) resilient to HE nose-fused shells. When facing them it is best to use the Special Common shells to try and deal internal damage.

However, the guns have two main drawbacks. Firstly, they have the slowest reload speed of any 8-inch gun, with a fire rate of just three rounds per minute (20-second gun reload). This means that they fire much slower than their contemporaries, which typically have a fire rate of five rounds per minute (12-second reload). As well, the guns have the slowest horizontal turret rotation speed of any heavy cruiser, at just 3.1 degrees/second (comparatively, the Admiral Hipper's guns rotate at 6.8 degrees/second).

{{:8 inch/55 Mark 9 (203 mm)/Ammunition|8 inch Mk.14 Common, 8 inch Mk.19 APCBC, 8 inch Mk.25 HC, 8 inch Mk.17 SP Common}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)}}

USS Portland mounts a secondary battery consisting of 8 x single mount {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/25 Mk.13 anti-aircraft guns. These are mounted 4 port and 4 starboard amidships, slightly behind the second funnel. These cannons were, unlike the [[5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)|5-inch/38]], purpose-built for anti-aircraft duty. Therefore they have access to just two shell types - Mk.36 AAC (HE-TF) and Mk.28 AAC (HE-VT), with no anti-surface rounds. The former is a time-fuse shell (meaning that the fuse is set by the crew before the weapon is fired, higher crew skills greatly help with the accuracy of the fusing), while the latter is a proximity fuse shell that explodes automatically within a 23 m radius around aircraft. Both shells are ineffective against armoured targets, having ~35 and ~36 mm of penetration respectively. However, they can be used against lightly armoured targets such as destroyers and patrol ships, destroying lightly armoured sections of heavier ships such as AA mounts and the superstructure, and of course the aircraft they were designed for. The HE-VT is the recommended shell, as it is both more reliable at downing planes and has more filler; this of course does more damage, both to enemy air and surface targets.

The guns themselves are relatively good at short-range defence, being capable of firing at 20 rounds per minute (3-second reload). As well, they have very good vertical and horizontal firing angles. The guns, as a 25 calibre weapon, have a lower velocity than the 38 calibre, with a velocity of 657 m/s, which may take some adjusting to.

Due to the lacklustre protection for the secondary battery, captains are advised to avoid repairing them until they are needed for defense, to avoid crew being drained considerably.

{{:5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch Mk.36 AAC, 5 inch Mk.28 AAC-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

Portland carries four quadruple 1.1 inch "Chicago Pianos". The 1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 gun, otherwise known as the "Chicago Piano" (because it was the size of a baby grand-piano), was the standard anti-aircraft armament for most American ships prior to the introduction of the 40 mm Bofors cannon. These guns are mediocre at best; though they have a good fire rate (similar to the AN-M2 Browning), they aren't too effective at dealing damage, and also jam rather quickly. As well, take note that the gun doesn't have ammunition options.

Portland also carries twelve single 20 mm Oerlikon cannons. The 20 mm Oerlikon Cannon was the standard light anti-aircraft gun for several nations, including the United States, and replaced the prior [[AN-M2 (12.7 mm)|AN-M2]] Browning machine gun. This weapon is an effective short-range AA gun, and has great firing angles. The gun lacks belt options, but the loaded ammunition is still quite effective against light targets. As well, the guns fire from a drum magazine that will need to be reloaded. Because of the magazine design, the gun will not jam with continuous fire.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships are two catapults with one SOC-1 scout plane each which provide unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. Alongside the typical abilities of strafing, dropping 2 x 100 lb bombs, and capping zones, the SOC-1 and other scout planes have the added ability to lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new! With two scout planes one can risk a cap attempt at the beginning of the match, saving the second for any opportunity that presents itself.

== Usage in battles ==

USS Portland isn't the easiest ship to play, especially given that it faces battleships often (which completely outclass it in every aspect except anti-aircraft protection) and many cruisers too (such as USS Brooklyn and USS Helena) which outclass it in terms of firepower. As such, the ship needs to be played carefully in order to succeed in battle.

Firstly, Portland's main battery is quite mediocre. The nine 203 mm guns, placed in triple turrets, have an extremely weak reload speed of 17.1 seconds with a completely spaded crew, and 20+ seconds with a stock crew. This reload speed is uncompetitive against most other cruisers at the Portland's BR, and severely limits the ship's damage potential. Furthermore, Portland's guns are inaccurate - and that is, very inaccurate. These weapons have a lot of trouble hitting things reliably beyond ranges of 8 kilometres, making the ship hard to play at longer ranges. These constraints mean that Portland does a lot better at closer ranges, where its main battery can hit targets reliably.

Secondly, Portland is not that survivable. Though it does have a relatively large crew size for a heavy cruiser, Portland lacks heavy armour, especially on its citadel, which houses the massive engine block. The ship also has little protection on its first stage shell rooms, subpar protection for its main armament, and exposed secondaries, all of which result in a vessel that can be rapidly crippled by even concentrated destroyer fire. Because of these constraints, you should try to use ground cover as much as possible to preserve survivability. In maps such as South Kvarken, with plenty of island covers, stay behind islands wherever possible. In open maps such as the conquest maps, your only hope will be to stay behind the front lines, and hope that enemies don't target you.

Finally, note that Portland does not have great anti-aircraft defence. While the ship does get access to several 28 mm "Chicago Piano" and 20 mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft gun mounts, these weapons lack range and power, limiting their effectiveness to ranges of less than 2.5 kilometres. Indeed, the ship does carry eight 127 mm Mk 25 guns, capable of firing AA-VT (proximity fuse) ammunition, but these weapons are not capable of firing fast enough to be able to destroy faster incoming aircraft. Because of this, you should try to stay with allied ships, particularly ships with great anti-aircraft protection. This will help ensure that your ship will stay safe from enemy aircraft.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Improved armour protection from HE shrapnel compared to the Brooklyn
* Main guns hit relatively hard, being of a large calibre
* Thicker armour over main magazines than the Brooklyn
* Crew of 848 is above average
* Relatively good anti-aircraft protection for a pre-war American heavy cruiser
* Two scout seaplanes.

'''Cons:'''

* Long reload compared to most of its competition with minimum reload at 17.1 s
* Poor shell selection with primarily inter-war shells
* No torpedo armament
* Though strong among American CAs, anti-aircraft armament lacks hitting power and range making it relatively ineffective

== History ==


The Portland-class cruisers were the third heavy cruiser design that the Americans produced in the interwar years, following the Northampton-class. There were only two ships in this class, the USS Portland (CA-33) and the USS Indianapolis (CA-35). Interestingly the Portland-class was originally planned to be a light cruiser design, being re-designated as heavy cruisers only after the hulls had been laid down in 1931.

Ships of the class were propelled by 4 screws, powered at 107,000 horsepower. This gave the ship a fairly standard top speed of 32 knots and a cruising range of 10,000 nautical miles.

Firepower was provided from 3 triple 8" guns in Mk. 14 turrets. This design was carried over from the previous Northampton class. These 280 ton turrets allowed a maximum of 41 degrees of elevation and 5 degrees of depression. The turrets were used in conjunction with the Mk.34 fire director system by, at the latest, 1945.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_portland_class Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer Bethlehem Steel}}
{{USA heavy cruisers}}

USS Pittsburgh

2023-07-24T17:19:11Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_baltimore_class_pittsburgh
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

'''{{Specs|name}}''' was the 5th member of the [[Baltimore (Family)|Baltimore-class]] of heavy cruisers, the first US heavy cruisers to be designed after the ending of the Washington and London naval treaties. Laid down in February 1943, Pittsburgh would be commissioned in October of 1944 and would serve through the rest of World War 2, mostly serving as part of the cover screen for Task Force 58. She would gain the nickname "Longest Ship in the War" after damage from Typhoon Viper caused her bow to snap off, leaving thousands of miles in between her bow and the rest of the ship as she returned to the states for repairs. She would be decommissioned in 1947, but recommissioned in 1951 with the commencement of hostilities in Korea. Though she saw no combat in this conflict, should would patrol the Atlantic and Mediterranean, finishing her last deployment in the Pacific before being decommissioned again in 1956. She would remain in the reserves until being sold for scrap in 1974.

Introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]], the USS Pittsburgh will be broadly similar to her classmate [[USS Baltimore]], though coming in a later, 1953 refit. She has the same primary and secondary armament, but her anti-aircraft battery has been supplanted by {{Annotation|3-inch|76.2 mm}} autocannons firing {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive variable timed}} shells, granting greater range at the cost of a slower fire rate. Pittsburgh also notable gains aircraft tracking radar, allowing her to serve well as an escort to larger, less protected ships such as dreadnought battleships.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Pittsburgh, as a member of the [[Baltimore (Family)|Baltimore-class]] of heavy cruisers, was no longer subject to the terms of the Washington or London Naval Treaties, resulting in her having much thicker armour than her preceding classes. This is most evident in her main belt, which is up to a much more substantial {{Annotation|6 inches|152 mm}} compared to earlier heavy cruisers with a less than {{Annotation|3-inch|76.2 mm}} belt. This belt covers the midsection of the ship, protecting the machinery spaces from harm. These also form bulkheads fore and aft of the machinery spaces and protect the steering gear in the stern of the ship as well. Directly above and to the sides of the main belt, the armour drops to {{Annotation|.75 inches|19.05 mm}} of anti-fragmentation armour, and the rest of the hull has {{Annotation|.5-inch|12.7 mm}} plates of anti-fragmentation armour as covering all compartments. These swathes of anti-fragmentation armour will not stop any armour piercing shells, but will greatly reduce damage from HE shells, especially those of destroyers and light cruisers. The main armoured deck of {{Annotation|2.5 inches|63.5 mm}} is positioned at the top of the {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} armour belt, and above the steering gear and magazines, protecting from any plunging fire that may enter at odd angles.

The turrets are well armoured like other American ships, with a {{Annotation|8-inch|203.2 mm}} plate protecting the front of the turret, angled at 32° to increase effectiveness. This makes the turret effectively immune to most fire from destroyers and light cruisers, and at range against other heavy cruisers. Although it is incapable of stopping fire from enemy battlecruisers or battleships, it will still do well against other cruisers of the rank. This leads back into small {{Annotation|3.25-inch|82.55 mm}} plates, angled sharply at approximately 73° before reaching the sides and rear of the turrets. These are protected by meagre {{Annotation|1.5-inch|38.1 mm}} plates; these will protect against no more than 40 mm guns, and even destroyer shells will easily penetrate and knock the turret out of action. Captains should keep the turrets faced towards threats at all times, as the sides and rear of the turrets are very vulnerable areas. The turret barbettes are also protected against destroyer and light cruiser fire with {{Annotation|6.3 inches|160 mm}} of armour, leading down to the magazines. These are positioned well below the waterline and are unlikely to be hit, but have {{Annotation|3 inches|76 mm}} of armour surrounding them just in case.

Torpedo protection, as with other American cruisers, is provided only by fuel tanks. Captains should be wary of enemy torpedo spreads, as USS Pittsburgh is unlikely to be capable of taking hits from enemy torpedos without mortal damage to the ship.

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front !! Side !! Rear !! Deck/Roof
|-
| Main calibre turret || 203 mm || 82.55 mm (front, cheeks) 38.1 mm (rear) || 38.1 mm || 76.2 mm
|-
| Auxiliary calibre turret || style="text-align:center" colspan="4" | 19.05 mm
|-
| Forward magazine || 140 mm || 76 mm (upper) 102 mm (lower)
!
| 28.575 mm (upper) 63.5 mm (lower)
|-
| Citadel || 152 mm || 152 mm (upper) 102 mm (lower) || 152 mm || 28.575 mm (upper) 63.5 mm (lower)
|-
| Aft magazine
!
| 76 mm (upper) 50.8 mm (lower) || 127 mm || 28.575 mm (upper) 63.5 mm (lower)
|-
| Bridge || 165 mm || 50.8 mm || 139.7 mm || 50.8 mm
|-
| Barbette || style="text-align:center" colspan="3" | 160 mm
!
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Both magazines and the citadel are protected by fuel tanks.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|8 inch/55 Mark 12 (203 mm)}}

Being a WW2 US cruiser, USS Pittsburgh shoots super-heavy AP shells out of her 203 mm guns. These shells are heavier than others, weighing over 150 kg. Most other nations' shells weigh usually 110 kg. This gives them a longer flight time, but a steeper angle. The idea was that, at long ranges, the shells would penetrate battleship's decks from above instead of hitting the much thicker side armour. In spite of this, they still have more than enough penetration below 8 km to cleave through the belt, magazine, and barbette armour of even the most well-protected cruiser at its BR and above, allowing the Pittsburgh to quickly disarm and dispatch enemy cruisers in but a few well-aimed salvos.

{{:8 inch/55 Mark 12 (203 mm)/Ammunition|8 inch Mk.14 Common, 8 inch Mk.21 APCBC, 8 inch Mk.25 HC, 8 inch Mk.17 SP Common}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

The secondary armament on the {{PAGENAME}} are six dual-purpose, dual-mounted 127 mm turrets, weapons that a majority of other Bluewater ships use and so players are quite familiar in their operation at this stage. These turrets are the {{PAGENAME}}'s first line of defence against PT boats and aircraft.

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|3 inch Mk.33 (76 mm)}}

USS Pittsburgh carries ten 3 inch Mk.33 automatic cannons in twin installation. As part of her AAA, the gun fires HE-VT shells in her default configuration and has no other ammo options. The gun has a rate of fire of 50 rpm and overheats in 35 seconds. Unlike the 40 mm Bofors, the 3-inch gun mount has no shield or surrounding parapet to defend against shrapnel; the side mounts can only rotate 180° so they can't shoot over the superstructure and cover another broadside, whereas the Bofors can rotate 360°. Overall, Pittsburgh's AA barrage is quite sparse, and she is completely exposed to air raid after all AA guns are overheated.

AI gunners that man them can target larger opponents such as destroyers and cruisers, although the effect that this has on the Pittsburgh's damage output is minimal.

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Anti-fragmentation armour can help protect against cruiser-calibre HE shells
* Well-armoured hull increase its survivability
* Decent mobility
* Great overall firepower, with an access to super-heavy AP shell and large number of dual-purposes cannons
* Huge numbers of proximity fuse AA battery provide formidable anti-air defense

'''Cons:'''

* Dreadful stock grind thanks to its terrible default SAP shell
* No torpedo armaments
* Main magazine sits far above the waterline, can be detonated with a well-placed shot
* No scout planes, unlike her sister ship

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_baltimore_class_pittsburgh Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[USS Baltimore]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7312-development-uss-pittsburgh-the-longest-ship-in-the-world-en|[Devblog] USS Pittsburgh: The Longest Ship in the World]]

{{ShipManufacturer Bethlehem Steel}}
{{USA heavy cruisers}}

USS Cleveland

2023-07-24T15:44:54Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_cleveland_class_cleveland
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Laid down in July of 1940, the '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a later development of the earlier [[Brooklyn (Family)|Brooklyn-class]] light cruisers, with a slight reduction in the main battery firepower in exchange for a stronger secondary battery. Launched in 1941, Cleveland would go on to serve throughout the second World War, notably taking part in such famous battles as Guadalcanal and the Battle of the Philippine sea. Her final act of the war would be to cover the evacuation of allied POWs from occupied Japan, before being deactivated in 1947. She would remain in the reserves until her scrapping in 1960.

Being introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]], USS Cleveland serves as a sidegrade to the earlier [[Brooklyn (Family)|Brooklyn-class]], with one less {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} triple gun mount. In exchange this allows for a bolstered secondary and anti-aircraft battery; in this case twelve {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 dual-purpose guns and a large number of 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikon autocannons. Additionally the main battery also has faster vertical and horizontal slew, allowing for more easily engaging multiple targets at once, or even targeting aircraft with the main battery. Captains of the USS Cleveland can expect to be incredibly effective against destroyers and light cruisers, but have a more difficult time at long range against more heavily armoured targets.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}


The Cleveland is exceptionally well armoured, with 127 mm protecting the citadel, 165 mm on the turret faces and very strong barbette protection. As a result, it can be very difficult to disable its primary armament. In addition, its secondary armament of 5"/38 (127 mm) cannons are housed in turrets, which although will not stand up to a direct hit will protect them from HE shrapnel, thus making the warship significantly more resilient to destroyer superstructure fire spam than most other cruisers. Although its frontal magazine only has 50 mm of armour protection and no fuel tanks, this is compensated for by the very deep placement of it. In contrast the rear magazine has both good armour and fuel tanks, making it extremely difficult to detonate.

However, the Cleveland's protection did have one big caveat. Unlike other post-treaty US cruisers, she doesn't have any anti-fragmentation hull armour at all, primarily to ease the production. This means the Cleveland is much more vulnerable to fire damage than other ship that does have one, thus she is somewhat prone to fire detonations, so putting them out quickly is a must.

Overall the Cleveland is well armoured for a cruiser, and if angled has the resilience needed to battle multiple enemies simultaneously for a long period of time.

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front !! Side !! Rear !! Deck/Roof
|-
| Main turret (6"/47) || 165.1 mm 100 mm (gun mantlet) || 76.2 mm || 38 mm || 76.2 mm
|-
| Barbette main turrets || 152.4 mm 25.4 mm (underpart) || colspan="2" | 152.4 mm || N/A
|-
| Main magazine (Front) || 127 mm || 50.8 mm || 95.25 mm || 50.8 mm
|-
| Main magazine (Rear) || 127 mm || 119.4 mm (upper) 76.2 mm (lower) || 95.25 mm || 50.8 mm
|-
|Secondary turret (5"/38) || 31.75 mm 25.4 mm (gun mantlet) || colspan="3" | 31.75 mm
|-
| Barbette secondary || colspan="3" | 31.75 mm || N/A
|-
| AA guns (20 mm/70) || 12.7mm || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
| Citadel || 95.25 mm || 127 mm (upper) 82.55 mm (lower) || 95.25 mm || 50.8 mm (central) 44.45 mm (Sides)
|-
| Bridge || colspan="3" | 152 mm || 57.15 mm
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility}}

The USS Cleveland's speed is in line with the rest of the US cruiser lines, and as such is faster than the cruisers of most other nations. This can be used to get to cap points and positions quickly, as well as rotate around the map. The USS Cleveland is also decently agile for a cruiser, allowing it to make quick course adjustments and tight turns whether it is to dodge torpedoes or turn around and retreat.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

[[File:6"-47 Mk.16 Triple.png|thumb|259x259px|One of Cleveland's 6-inch triple turrets.]]
{{main|6 inch/47 Mk.16 (152 mm)}}

The Cleveland carries a main armament of twelve 6"/47 Mk.16 (152 mm) guns in four triple turrets, two fore and two aft. As the standard main armament of American light cruisers, these guns are very effective anti-ship weapons. The guns are capable of firing at 10 rounds per minute (6-second reload), meaning that they have one of the highest rates of fire for any 152 mm cannon (only the German triple 150 mm turrets fire faster at 12 rounds per minute). That means that you can output a crazy 120 six-inch shells per minute! The guns have good firing arcs and good ballistics as well for a gun of its size. However, they have a relatively slow turret traverse speed compared to its contemporaries.

The gun has access to four shell types - Mk.34 HC, Mk.35 AP, Mk. 34 HC with base fuse and Mk.34 HC-VT. Of these, the Mk. 35 AP is typically the best choice against armoured targets (i.e. heavy cruisers and battleships) as it is the only shell with good penetration values. After researching parts and FPE, the AP shell should be the first priority. The Mk.34 HC with base fuse could potentially be used against lighter-armoured cruisers, as it has superior penetration values compared to the original shell. In addition, unlike most HE shells which cause significant flooding but little internal damage, the base fuse of this shell means that the Cleveland can cause insane internal damage to destroyers; even a Porter-class, otherwise quite resilient for a destroyer can have its entire crew wiped out in two or three salvoes. Typically, one should take ~50% Mk.35 AP, ~40% Mk. 34 HC with base fuse, and ~10% Mk.34 HC-VT in case you want to attempt to shoot down aircraft with the main guns - however this generally isn't recommended due to the turrets' slow rotation speed. The Mk.34 base fuse is superior to the original Mk.34 HC shell as it has better penetration values but retains the explosive mass.

The end result is a balanced warship that has both the penetration to hit the vitals of enemy cruisers and the DPS to challenge and melt down multiple destroyers and cruisers alike in rapid succession.

{{:6 inch/47 Mk.16 (152 mm)/Ammunition|6 inch Mk.34 HC, 6 inch Mk.35 AP, 6 inch Mk.34 HC (base fuze), 6 inch Mk.34 HC-VT}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

USS Cleveland is equipped with twelve 5"/38 (127 mm) Mark 12 guns mounted in six twin dual-purpose turrets. These guns are extremely effective against surface and air targets alike, and are capable of firing at an obscene 22 rounds per minute while using first-stage ammunition. The weapon also has a very good vertical and horizontal rotation speed, and is capable of engaging aircraft due to its high-angle capability (up to 85 degrees).

The Cleveland gets access to the standard three shell types - Mk.34 AAC, Mk.46 Common SP, and Mk.31 AAVT. The SP is typically the best pick for heavier-armoured targets such as cruisers, while the AAC shell works better against unarmoured targets due to its large explosive filler. The Mk.31 AAVT is a great option for dealing with air targets due to its proximity fuse - a single direct hit should be enough to destroy an incoming bomber.

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

USS Cleveland gets access to eight 40 mm Bofors guns in four twin mounts. These weapons are extremely potent anti-aircraft guns due to their accuracy and punching power. Though these weapons fire slower than the 20 mm Oerlikon or 12.7 mm AN-M2, they more than make up for it due to their hard-hitting 40 mm shells. These guns are capable of shredding aircraft and small boats from ranges of 2.5 km away, though effectiveness will drop off after that range due to the large bullet drop. The guns fire from 4-round clips that reload continuously, meaning that they are capable of continuous fire. However, note that they will eventually jam after firing too long.

The Cleveland also gets access to 13 single 20 mm Oerlikon mounts. The 20 mm Oerlikon cannon was the standard light anti-aircraft gun for several nations, including the United States, and replaced the prior AN-M2 Browning machine gun. This weapon is an effective short-range AA gun, and has great firing angles. However, note that the weapon is rather ineffective at long ranges, as its 20 mm shells lose velocity pretty fast after ~1.5 km. As well, the guns fire from a drum magazine that will need to be reloaded. Because of the magazine design, the gun will not jam with continuous fire.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located on the stern are two catapults with one OS2U-1 scout plane each which provide unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. Alongside the typical abilities of strafing, dropping 2 x 100 lb bombs, and capping zones, the OS2U-1 and other scout planes have the added ability to lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new! With two scout planes one can risk a cap attempt at the beginning of the match, saving the second for any opportunity that presents itself.

== Usage in battles ==

USS Cleveland, being the multi role ship that she is, is quite versatile.

AA Boat: Cleveland's remarkable AA battery means she could easily devastate any plane that comes close to her, provided that your 5"/38 (127 mm) guns have HE-VT ammo, otherwise aircraft could easily get into ordnance-dropping range.

Destroyer Hunter: Cleveland's primary armament of 12 x 6 inch (152 mm) guns allows her to get devastating salvoes on her enemies, and with her base fuse ammunition she could easily sink an enemy DD with a couple salvoes. Her secondary armament of 12 x 5 inch (127 mm) guns allows her to whittle down nearby destroyers without you having to use your main guns.

Cruiser Killer: Cleveland's rapid fire main guns with excellent AP ammunition allow her to penetrate enemy light cruisers and some heavy cruiser's armour belts with ease, allowing her to slowly demolish their crew. While not as good at this as the [[USS Brooklyn]] or [[USS Helena]], she is still exceptional in this role.

The Cleveland's 6 inch (152 mm) guns lose effectiveness at long range, so it is best used as a brawler in relatively shallow or closed waters, using islands to get into close range of enemies before using rapid cannon shots to quickly suppress and sink hostile vessels. In addition, as a consequence of having lower calibre guns and not having torpedoes, the Cleveland is utterly hopeless against enemy battlecruisers and battleships. When encountering them, the best course of action is generally to turn tail, smoke up, and run.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 2 x triple-mount 6 inch (152mm) and 2 x dual-mount 5 inch (127mm) cannons can fire straight ahead, allowing decent firepower while only exposing a small silhouette towards the enemy
* Excellent armour
* Devastating AA suite
* Two scout seaplanes
* Does not carry any torpedoes (less external fire hazards!)

'''Cons:'''

* Lack of anti-fragmentation armour makes her more vulnerable from fire damage
* Does not carry any torpedoes (cannot deny chokepoints or easily destroy enemy capital ships)
* Gets ammoracked easily when stock

== History ==

[[File:USS Cleveland underway.jpg|thumb|450x450px|USS Cleveland underway, late 1942.]]
The USS Cleveland was the lead ship of her class of light cruisers built for the United States Navy during the Second World War. Designed as a follow-up to the earlier Brooklyn-class light cruisers, the ship carried an improved secondary and anti-aircraft armament layout which was used for most successive American cruiser classes. Cleveland saw extensive service during the Second World War in both the Atlantic and Pacific theatres; she was decommissioned after the war and eventually scrapped in 1960.

=== Design and development ===
The Cleveland class was designed as a follow-up to the previous [[USS Brooklyn|Brooklyn-class]], with improved anti-aircraft protection, speed and range. After navy simulations found that the Brooklyn's anti-aircraft armament was woefully inadequate for fending off large amounts of enemy aircraft, the Cleveland class's design was modified to carry a heavily-improved anti-aircraft armament. The #3 turret of the Brooklyn was removed to accommodate a larger bridge and superstructure, which housed Cleveland's extensive fire control and radar systems. The secondary and anti-aircraft armament was also completely redesigned, focused on new 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikon cannons. The design was so successful that the Cleveland class would become the largest cruiser class ever built during WWII - a total of 52 ships were ordered, and 27 were completed to the Cleveland design. A further 13 ships were ordered under the improved Fargo class, while 9 ships were converted into light aircraft carriers. Cleveland, the lead ship of the class, was laid down on July 1st 1940, and following completion, was commissioned on June 15th 1942.

Cleveland's main armament consisted of twelve 6 inch (152 mm) Mark 16 guns in four triple mounts, two fore and two aft. Her secondary armament was heavily improved, with twelve 5 inch (127 mm) Mk 12 guns in six dual turrets. Compared to the last Brooklyn subclass, the ships gained two more Mk 12 twin mounts as the removed 6-inch turret cleared up a lot of space. The Cleveland was initially armed with four dual Bofors mounts and 13 Oerlikon automatic guns for anti-aircraft defence, but similar to other American cruisers at the time, lacked torpedo armament. Her total crew complement was 1,255 officers and men, and she had a maximum speed of 32.5 knots (60 km/h).

=== Operational history ===
Following her commissioning in June of 1942, Cleveland was immediately sent to join the Allied naval task force supporting the landings in North Africa. She remained there until November, when she was sent to the Pacific Theatre to support operations there. For most of late 1942 to early 1943, Cleveland was in the Guadalcanal area, where she escorted troop convoys and provided fire support. Later in 1943, she participated in the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, where her radar-guided gunfire helped sink the Japanese cruiser Sendai.

In 1944, Cleveland participated in the Marinanas operation and later the battle of the Philippine Sea, which resulted in a total defeat for the Japanese naval force. She spent the latter part of 1944 supporting operations in the Philippines, based from Subic bay naval base. In July of 1945, she was sent to Okinawa, and performed patrols off of the east China sea until the Japanese surrender. After the end of the war, Cleveland repatriated allied prisoners, and later embarked on a training cruise that took her from Bermuda to Halifax. In 1947, Cleveland was inactivated, and eventually scrapped in 1960. She earned 13 battle stars for her WWII service.

=== [[wt:en/news/6744-development-uss-cleveland-the-workhorse-of-the-navy-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1938, the U.S. sought an expansion of its navy, following the increase in geopolitical tensions across the globe at the time. As a result, two new 6,000 ton light cruisers were ordered whose specifications complied with the restrictions applied by the Second London Naval Treaty of 1936. In 1939, this design was revised, having its displacement increased to 8,000 tons and the general layout resembling a more compact Brooklyn-class cruiser.

Initially, plans were made for the construction of around 20 ships of this class. However, with the outbreak of WWII in September 1939, these plans were expanded to 52 ships and the design of the vessel had its displacement significantly increased again, since restrictions from previous treaties were no longer being taken into account. In reality however, 27 Cleveland-class cruisers would actually end up being built, with another 9 being converted into light aircraft carriers of the Independence-class.

USS Cleveland (CL-55), being the lead ship of the class, was laid down in July 1940 and saw completion in June 1942 when she also officially got commissioned into service with the USN. Upon entering service, USS Cleveland's first mission involved providing fire support to allied troops landing in Morocco in October 1942. Shortly after, USS Cleveland set course for the Pacific Theater in December, where the ship would serve until the end of WWII.

Although USS Cleveland took part in many operations during her service career, one of her more notable engagements with the enemy was the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, where Cleveland among with some of her sister ships, successfully defeated a Japanese task force, bound to attack US forces stationed at Bougainville, during a decisive night battle. During the battle, Cleveland-class cruisers proved the effectiveness of their advanced fire control systems and showcased the class' versatility, dealing large damage to both Japanese surface vessels as well as aircraft.

Following the end of hostilities in 1945, USS Cleveland was briefly part of the Allied occupation force in Japan, before sailing back to the U.S. in December that year. Following a brief overhaul in January, USS Cleveland was decommissioned in June 1946 and put into reserve in 1947. Ultimately, the ship was sold for scrap in February 1960, marking the end of her service career.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_cleveland_class_cleveland Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:USS Cleveland WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:USS Cleveland WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:USS Cleveland WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:USS Cleveland WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
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</gallery>

;Videos

{{Youtube-gallery|mziQ42bc5uU|'''USS Cleveland - History & Guide''' - ''Cmdr. Tyrael''}}

== See also ==


* [[USS Baltimore]] and [[USS Pittsburgh]] - heavy cruiser with a design based on the Cleveland

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6744-development-uss-cleveland-the-workhorse-of-the-navy-en|[Devblog] USS Cleveland (CL-55): The Workhorse of the Navy]]

=== References ===

* Helgason, G. (1995). USS Cleveland. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from <nowiki>https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/2579.html</nowiki>
* Woodford, S. R. (2019, August 27). Cleveland II (CL-55). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/cleveland-ii.html</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer New York Shipbuilding Corp.}}
{{USA light cruisers}}

USS Atlanta

2023-07-24T05:26:54Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_atlanta_class_atlanta
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is an American light cruiser {{Battle-rating}}. Laid down in April 1940, the Atlanta-class light cruisers were designed by the United States Navy as a return to the concept of a destroyer flotilla leader from before the First World War. This essentially created an overgrown destroyer with extra room for equipment and lots of {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 mounts similar to those found on the destroyers she was expected to lead. Although exceptionally powerful against destroyers and thinly armoured light cruisers, this left her vulnerable to more well armoured cruisers. She would only serve in 3 battles (those being Midway, the Eastern Solomans and Guadalcanal) and would be sunk in the naval battle for Guadalcanal. After eating at least one torpedo, she was then hit by the friendly heavy cruiser San Francisco. The damage inflicted would later cause the rest of the Atlanta-class to be mostly relegated to anti-air duties through the rest of the war.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]], and boasts an impressive main battery of 8 double mount {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} guns, the same found on destroyers of the US Navy. With their impressive fire rate and good damage output, captains of USS Atlanta can expect to be able to easily dispatch all destroyers and many light cruisers, though the more well armoured light cruisers and especially heavy cruisers will resist fire. Compared to other cruisers of the rank, Atlanta has a very weak anti-aircraft battery as she is in her 1941 refit, but the main battery can easily compensate for this when in battle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Atlanta's protection is quite poor. While the ship is clad with with layers of anti-fragmentation armour (especially on the bow) and reasonable armour around the ship's internal modules, this is offset by low crew count, poor turret protection, and highly vulnerable ammunition storage.

Although the ammunition storage forward of the bridge does benefit from a layer of fuel storage in-between it and an incoming salvo, detonation of ammunition is commonplace thanks to the numerous fragile main turrets with highly vulnerable ready racks. The stern section of the Atlanta is especially vulnerable, as it has five main turrets cramped together and the rear magazine sits barely below the waterline.

Fire resistant characteristic is a mixed bag, as the Atlanta can endure prolonged fire damage with minimal crew loss, yet a fire in the vicinity of a turret has a high chance to cause a fatal ready rack detonation.

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front !! Side !! Rear !! Deck/Roof
|-
| Turret || 31.75 mm || 31.75 mm || 31.75 mm || 31.75 mm
|-
| Magazine (Front) || 95.25 mm || 27.94 mm || 95.25 mm || 31.75 mm + 12.7 mm
|-
| Citadel || 95.25 mm || 95.25 mm central part 19.05 mm almost covering all the hull 16 mm in the foredeck and in the aft || 95.25 mm || 31.75 mm + 12.7 mm
|-
| Magazine (Rear) || 95.25 mm || 95.25 mm in upper part 45.72 mm in the lower part || 95.25 mm || 31.75 mm + 12.7 mm
|-
| Barbette || colspan="4" | 31.75 mm
|-
| Bridge || colspan="4" | 63.5 mm
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


The Atlanta's handling is surprisingly sluggish when stock. Once upgraded, Atlanta is similar in manoeuvrability to other small light cruisers, though slightly more so than the Trenton-class light cruisers also found in the American tree. Atlanta has a top speed of {{Annotation|32 kn|60 km/h;37 mph}}, but this falls to {{Annotation|23 kn|42 km/h;26 mph}} when in a sustained turn. This is similar to the later Brooklyn-class cruisers, as is the rudder response time. At flank speed, the ship responds to rudder commands within two seconds, and in general USS Atlanta behaves like a larger destroyer, which makes sense as she was designed as a destroyer flotilla leader.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

The primary armament of the Atlanta is 16 x {{Annotation|5-inch|127mm}}/38 Mk.12 guns in eight twin mounts, of which a maximum broadside of 14 barrels can be brought to bear on one target. These guns have a high rate of fire (up to 22 rounds per minute with maxed crew and first-stage ammo stowage) even with an untrained crew and have an reasonably high explosive mass for the calibre. The downside is a comparatively poor shell trajectory when compared to other cruisers; especially in fights over 8 km, the five-inch guns require more precise distance input compared to larger diameter guns.

The Atlanta gets access to four shell types - Mk.34 AAC, Mk. 32 Common, Mk.46 Common SP, and Mk.31 AAVT. The Common SP (essentially a common shell with slightly less explosive mass but better penetration) is typically the best pick for heavily-armoured targets such as cruisers. The Mk.31 AAVT is the only other recommended shell for use, as it contains the same filler as the AAC round while also of course being proximity-fused. This round serves as a dual-purpose round, perfect for lightly armoured destroyers and cruisers and any and all aircraft in the vicinity. The round can also be used to splash anti-aircraft guns and set fires in the superstructure when engaging more heavily-armoured ships, though the common shells will still be the main rounds to knock out the ship.

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)}}

As designed, USS Atlanta was fitted with 8 twin {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 mounts; as dual purpose guns, these would serve as the long range anti-aircraft battery, but for closer engagements she was fitted with 3 quad {{Annotation|1.1-inch|28 mm}} gun mounts, two positioned port and starboard of the bridge and superstructure and one mounted forward and slightly above the aft three turrets.

The {{Annotation|1.1-inch|28 mm}}/75 Mk.1 Gun, otherwise known as the "Chicago Piano" (because it was the size of a baby grand piano), was the standard anti-aircraft armament for most American ships prior to the adoption and widespread introduction of the [[Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] and [[20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)|20 mm Oerlikon]]. Though they have a good traverse and elevation rate, as well as a quick fire rate, the shells lack stopping power. This means that gunners will need some time on target to eliminate any threats, and in most cases it is recommended to supplement the AA fire with volleys of AAVT from the main battery instead of relying solely on the gunners. Also note that the only available option for the guns is the default HEF-T belt.

{{:1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)/Ammunition|1.1 inch Mk.1 HE-T}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)}}

The USS Atlanta, designed as a destroyer escort leader, also received torpedo launchers like the ships she was designed to lead. Being finally classed as a light cruiser, this makes her and her class a rare exception as an American cruiser with torpedoes. She has two quad torpedo launchers, mounted port and starboard aft of the second funnel and before the two wing turrets. These carry the Mk.15 torpedo, with {{Annotation|5.5 km|3.4 miles}} of range stock, and motors along at {{Annotation|45 kn|83 km/h,52 mph}}. With the "Torpedo mode" modification, the range increases to {{Annotation|9.15 km|5.7 miles}}, but the speed drops sharply to {{Annotation|33 kn|62 km/h,39 mph}}. It is up to captains of Atlanta whether to use the extra range or extra speed, though with the lacklustre range of US torpedoes either way, the extra speed may be preferred.

== Usage in battles ==


USS Atlanta will serve her captains extremely well in her original role as a destroyer flotilla leader. Her prodigious quantities of {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 will dispatch any enemy destroyer quickly, especially considering she has twice or thrice the broadside of many of the destroyers she will be fighting. Captains are recommended to attempt to rake the enemy ships bow to stern with fire, as the extremely fast fire rate of Atlanta will decimate any smaller vessels in short order, destroying crew compartments and setting off ammo racks. Captains should play her like a slightly slower, but better armoured and armed destroyer, not as a cruiser as she is classed. She will do exceptionally well brawling with enemy destroyers, though captains should be wary of quickly extinguishing fires, as turret fires have a tendency to spread and do lethal damage quickly. She is also vulnerable to enemy torpedoes, as her displacement is not enough to easily cushion blasts as some larger ships are capable of.

When engaging enemy cruisers the outlook is not so rosy. USS Atlanta is still very effective against most light cruisers, as their armour is incapable of stopping the shells at anything except extreme range. Against well armoured light cruisers like [[HMS Belfast]] and of course heavy cruisers, Atlanta will have a difficult time doing any more than superficial damage. Captains can use the massive volume of shells to destroy superstructure, AA guns, rangefinders, and other important and lightly armoured components of heavier ships however, and if the enemy captain has to repair the damage, eventually USS Atlanta may be able to bleed the enemies dry of crew.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Huge amount of dual-purposes 5 inch guns provides excellent close to medium range firepower
* Due to its high rate of fire, it can quickly suppress rushing enemies attempting to close the distance
* Great gun coverage, can utilize most guns while heavily angled
* Effective at long-range anti-air defence when used correctly

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability due to lack of armour and low crew count
* Lots of turrets means a lot of ammo racks being scattered around the ship
* Mediocre manoeuvrability
* Poor accuracy and weapon trajectory at longer range
* Unreliable anti-air armaments, have to rely on dual-purpose guns that is quite tricky to use at times

== History ==

[[File:USS Atlanta 1941.jpg|thumb|450x450px|The U.S. Navy light cruiser USS Atlanta steaming at high speed, probably during her trials, circa in November 1941.]]
USS Atlanta was the lead ship of her class of light cruisers built for the United States Navy during the Second World War. Designed as light anti-aircraft cruisers similar to the British [[HMS Dido|Dido]]-class, the Atlanta was commissioned in December of 1941 just after the American entry into the Second World War. She went on to see combat action in the Pacific Theatre, and participated in the Midway and Eastern Solomons conflicts. She was later abandoned and sunk after being hit by Japanese torpedoes and friendly fire at the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.

=== Design and development ===
The Atlanta class were designed as specialized anti-aircraft ships with armament specialized for anti-aircraft defence, similar to the British Dido-class. The ships were armed with a formidable main armament of sixteen 5-inch (127 mm) guns in eight dual mounts, with six on the centreline in two superfiring pairs and two more mounted on the beam. Despite their role, the ship's secondary anti-aircraft armament was scarce, being limited to just three quadruple 28 mm 'Chicago Piano' mounts. As well, Atlanta carried two quadruple 533 mm torpedo tubes, which was unusual among American cruisers due to the doctrine of not fitting torpedo tubes to cruisers. Being a small cruiser, Atlanta displaced just 6718 tons standard and had a crew of 673. Her anti-aircraft design meant that she was an ineffective surface combatant, which would later become a fatal flaw when she was severely damaged at the Battle of Guadalcanal. Atlanta was laid down in April of 1940, and commissioned on Christmas Eve, 1941, days after the United States declared war on the Axis powers.

=== Operational history ===
After her shakedown cruise in Chesapeake bay, the Atlanta was immediately sent to the Pacific theatre, where ships of her role were badly needed. After stopping at Pearl harbour, she joined Task Force 16, under the command of Vice Admiral William 'Bull' Halsey, as they sailed to counter the imminent attack on Midway Atoll. At the Battle of Midway, she provided air cover for the carrier USS Hornet, while aircraft of the American force decimated the Japanese carrier group and sank all four Japanese fleet carriers.

Soon after the Midway conflict, Atlanta participated in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, where she covered the carrier USS Enterprise as she launched her airgroup against the Japanese carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku. Soon after, she proceeded to embark Rear Admiral Norman Scott, as she became the flagship of a convoy responsible for transporting troops to Guadalcanal. They were extensively attacked by enemy aircraft during the trip, but luckily, all three troop transports emerged without severe damage. Once the transports started unloading, Atlanta provided air cover as part of the larger TF 67, covered by several other cruisers.

Soon after, the Japanese aircraft broke off, and the cruiser force enjoyed a short period of inactivity before Japanese surface units were detected. TF 67 regrouped, now being composed of the heavy cruisers San Francisco (with commanding officer RAdm Daniel Callaghan onboard), Portland and Pensacola, the light cruisers [[USS Helena]], Juneau, and Atlanta, along with several destroyers. They soon engaged the Japanese force in a night engagement that resulted in the sinking of the destroyer Akatsuki and crippling of [[IJN Yuudachi|Yuudachi]]. However, midway into the engagement, Atlanta was hit by a Japanese [[Long Lance]] torpedo that destroyed her engine room and knocked out most functions. Just minutes after, she was mistaken for a Japanese vessel and was hit by at least 19 8-inch shells fired by the USS San Francisco, which destroyed her superstructure and killed most of her officers including her commanding officer, RAdm Scott. The next morning, the surviving crew were disembarked by crew transports, and the ship was scuttled. The naval battle of Guadalcanal would eventually result in the sinking of her sister ship Juneau, and heavy damage to multiple other ships. For her service, Atlanta received 5 battle stars, as well as a presidential unit citation for her bravery during the Battle of Guadalcanal.

=== [[wt:en/news/6334-development-uss-atlanta-the-explosive-air-traffic-controller-en|Devblog]] ===
Atlanta-class light cruisers came to being in the late 1930s, during which the US Navy was considering a multitude of different design proposals for new light cruisers, which would be in accordance with the limitations set by the Second London Naval Treaty of 1936.

Having realized that all outstanding requirements couldn't be met with a limited displacement design, the decision was eventually made to adopt a smaller light cruiser design to act as a destroyer leader. As a result, the proposed design of what would become the Atlanta-class was selected for construction, with an initial order for four ships being issued in April 1939, followed by a second order for four further vessels in September 1940.

USS Atlanta, the lead ship of the class, was laid down on 22 April 1940 in Kearny, New Jersey and was subsequently commissioned into service in December of the following year, shortly after the US' entry into WWII. Atlanta would soon receive its baptism by fire, taking part in the Battle of Midway in June 1942 while on screening duty for American aircraft carriers.

USS Atlanta also took part in heavy fighting during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, as well as the subsequent Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. During the latter, USS Atlanta received mortal damage during a Japanese night attack, both from enemy as well as friendly fire. Although the USS Atlanta made it through the night, it became clear the next morning that the damage was too severe to deal with and the order for scuttling was issued on 13 November 1942. Atlanta was subsequently struck from the Naval Register in January of the following year.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_atlanta_class_atlanta Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Other anti-aircraft cruisers

* [[HMS Dido]]
* [[IJN Isuzu]]
* [[RN Etna]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6334-development-uss-atlanta-the-explosive-air-traffic-controller-en|[Devblog] USS Atlanta: The Explosive Air Traffic Controller]]

=== References ===

* Helgason, G. (1995). USS Atlanta. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from <nowiki>https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/2575.html</nowiki>
* Navy History and Heritage Command. (2019, August 20). Atlanta III (CL-51). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/a/atlanta-cl-51-iii.html</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Co.}}
{{USA light cruisers}}

USS Pensacola

2023-06-25T23:58:07Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_pensacola_class
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Laid down in 1926, the '''{{Specs|name}}''' (also called "Grey Ghost", a nickname given to her by Tokyo Rose) was the lead ship of the Pensacola-class of heavy cruisers. She would be completed in February 1930, and notably was one of the first 6 ships to receive radar in 1940. She would see action in the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands and the Battle of Tassafaronga, and also provided extensive fire support throughout the war in the Pacific, including at Wake and Okinawa. After the war, she would help to transport veterans before being subjected to two atomic blasts as a part of operation crossroads. After being studied, she was later sunk as a target ship in 1948.

Introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]], Pensacola is very similar to other American heavy cruisers, with a slightly lighter main battery than the [[USS New Orleans]] and a lower battlerating to compensate. Although the {{Annotation|HE|High-Explosive}} and {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-Armour Piercing}} shells are lacklustre, the ship does stand out with great penetration for the rank. With relatively weak armour, she does however have adequate secondaries, notably gaining access to proximity fused rounds for her {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} guns; with a fast fire rate, these are excellent for shooting down aircraft and destroying lightly armoured ships.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Pensacola was built under the restrictions of the Washington Naval Treaty, meaning that it had to compromise somewhere to stay under the treaty limit of 10,000 tons displacement, while still meeting the Navy's needs for firepower and speed. In the case of USS Pensacola, the compromise was on armour protection. She has light protection for a heavy cruiser, though of course this still outstrips light cruisers and destroyers.

USS Pensacola's main belt has a thickness of {{Annotation|3 inches|76.2 mm}}. This covers the entire midsection of the ship to protect the machinery spaces, from below waterline up to the armoured deck. The armour forward and aft of this main belt thickens to protect the magazines, {{Annotation|3.5 inches|88.9 mm}} covering the rear magazine and {{Annotation|4 inches|101.7 mm}} protecting the forward magazine. This can be expected to protect from destroyer guns at most ranges and light cruisers at long range, though at close range (inside of 3 km) anything larger than a {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} gun will most likely be able to punch through the armour. Speaking of the magazines, these are positioned slightly above the waterline, making them a relatively easy target to hit provided the enemy is at a close enough range to be able to penetrate the ship. Captains are recommended to make course corrections to prevent accurate fire on the magazines.

USS Pensacola, like other American cruisers, has no anti-torpedo bulges. She relies purely on her internal bulkheads to contain the flooding in case of a hit, and hits to the magazine will almost certainly destroy the ship. Captains need to be wary of torpedoes inbound, as USS Pensacola is not equipped to handle these well.

The turrets have {{Annotation|2.5 inches|63.5 mm}} of armour on the face, {{Annotation|1.5 inches|38.1 mm}} on the roof and a paltry {{Annotation|0.75-inch|19.1 mm}} plate on the sides and rear of the turret. This means that captains should avoid exposing anything other than the face of the turret to enemy fire, as even the 40 mm Bofors can easily penetrate and knock the turret out of action from the sides or rear. As for the armoured deck, it is {{Annotation|1 inch|25.4 mm}} thick, and serves only to detonate armour-piercing bombs higher in the ship, as it is incapable of stopping any but the smallest bombs.

In short, USS Pensacola does improve on armour compared to earlier cruisers in the American bluewater fleet such as the [[Omaha (Family)|Omaha-class]], but captains should not rely on her armour to save the vessel as with other later, non-treaty-compliant heavy cruisers. It is recommended to keep the range high and attempt to target lighter cruisers and destroyers, and accurately aiming for weakspots on newer/heavier cruisers.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

USS Pensacola makes {{Annotation|32.4 kn|60 km/h;37.2 mph}} at flank speed. This is the same speed as the preceding [[USS Portland]], and slightly slower than the later [[USS Pittsburgh]]. This speed will allow captains of USS Pensacola to keep pace or slightly surpass the speed of other nation's cruisers, though it will of course be outpaced by light cruisers and destroyers. While Pensacola is capable of making it to take objectives, the floatplanes are recommended to capture objectives, instead of painting a target on the ship. Pensacola's rudder takes approximately 3 seconds to respond at flank speed, and the speed falls to {{Annotation|23 kn|42 km/h;26 mph}} while in a sustained turn. Portland takes approximately 40 seconds to accelerate to flank speed, and 1 minute to come to a halt. Captains should be aware that USS Pensacola has a wide turning circle, similar to the preceding Portland, and should give any obstructions a wide berth, as she will be unable to quickly respond to avoid collisions.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|8 inch/55 Mark 9 (203 mm)}}

The Pensacola carries a main armament of ten 8"/55 Mk.9 guns in two triple and two twin mounts. These guns are the standard armament for American heavy cruisers, and pack an impressive punch. The guns have good ballistics, and can access four shell types: Mk.14 Common, Mk.19 APCBC, Mk.25 HC and Mk.17 SP Common. Of these shells, the Mk.17 Special Common shell is most effective against cruisers, as it has a great explosive mass and enough penetration for most cruiser main armour belts. The Mk.19 APCBC shell can be used against heavily-armoured targets, but has a relatively small explosive mass of 1.65 kg. Finally, the HC shell, with almost 10 kg of explosive filler, is highly effective against destroyers and unarmoured vessels.

However, the guns have two main drawbacks. Firstly, they have the slowest reload speed of any 8-inch gun, with a fire rate of just three rounds per minute (20-second gun reload). This means that they fire much slower than their contemporaries, which typically have a fire rate of five rounds per minute (12-second reload). As well, the guns have the slowest horizontal turret rotation speed of any heavy cruiser, at just 3.1 degrees/second (comparatively, the Admiral Hipper's guns rotate at 6.8 degrees/second).

{{:8 inch/55 Mark 9 (203 mm)/Ammunition|8 inch Mk.14 Common, 8 inch Mk.19 APCBC, 8 inch Mk.25 HC, 8 inch Mk.17 SP Common}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)}}

The Pensacola carries a secondary armament of eight 5"/25 Mk.13 anti-aircraft guns, mounted on single open-mounts. These cannons are very effective medium-to-long range anti-aircraft guns, but are not effective against any armoured targets. They have access to just two shell types - Mk.36 AAC (HE-TF) and Mk.28 AAC (HE-VT). The former is a time-fuse shell (meaning that the fuse is set before the weapon is fired), while the latter is a proximity fuse shell that explodes automatically upon reaching the target. Both shells are ineffective against armoured targets, having ~35 mm of penetration. However, they are both capable of dealing with air and unarmoured targets quite effectively. The HE-VT shell is typically the better pick, as it offers greatly-improved efficiency against air targets.

The guns themselves are relatively good at short-range defence, being capable of firing at 20 rounds per minute (3-second reload). As well, they have very good vertical and horizontal firing angles. However, take note that the guns fire at a low muzzle velocity of 657 m/s which should be accounted for when manually aiming.

{{:5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch Mk.36 AAC, 5 inch Mk.28 AAC-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)|AN-M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The {{Annotation|1.1-inch|28 mm}}/75 Mk.1 gun, otherwise known as the "Chicago Piano" (because it was the size of a baby grand piano), was the standard anti-aircraft armament for most United States Navy ships prior to the introduction of the [[Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)|40 mm Bofors]] cannon - Pensacola carries two of these quad-gun mounts, on the port and starboard side of the bridge respectively. These guns are mediocre at best; they have a good fire rate, similar even to some heavy machine guns, but the shells lack punch in comparison to larger 37 or 40 mm medium anti-aircraft shells common at this rank. Captains should also be advised that the guns only have a HEF-T belt, which leaves them ineffective against coastal vessels with armour.

Pensacola also carries four AN-M2 anti-aircraft guns. The AN-M2 is a navalised anti-aircraft version of the popular Browning machine gun. This gun is rather ineffective at dealing significant damage to enemy aircraft, and is only effective within ~1.5-2 kilometres at most. As well, keep in mind that these guns have a long 12-second reload after the gun's magazine has been used.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships are two catapults with one SOC-1 scout plane each which provide unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. Alongside the typical abilities of strafing, dropping 2 x 100 lb bombs, and capping zones, the SOC-1 and other scout planes have the added ability to lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new! With two scout planes one can risk a cap attempt at the beginning of the match, saving the second for any opportunity that presents itself.

== Usage in battles ==

The Pensacola has one of the best broadsides for its battle rating, with ten 8-inch guns, and this should be used to your advantage. Use the accuracy of the guns and the good shell velocity to keep your distance and punish opposing ships from afar. These guns also have a wide array of shell types, allowing you to shoot at any type of craft you fancy with good effect. The guns do have a slow rate of fire, even as far as heavy cruiser guns go, so be sure to keep a good crew and make your shots count. Ranging shots will do you a world of good.

Unfortunately, the strengths of the Pensacola end there, and to do well in this ship, you have to be aware of her many limitations. Firstly, the Pensacola is far from the fastest cruiser. While she's fairly nimble once fully upgraded, she'll still lag behind the fastest cruisers, and will struggle to reposition flexibly. Be sure to plan your movements ahead of time and be aware of the battle around you. Also, the Pensacola is a big, fairly easy target. Other than the armour protecting her front ammo racks, her protection is seriously lacking. Other cruiser guns and torpedoes especially will doom you, and aircraft with big enough bombs can also cause immense damage. Speaking of aircraft, the Pensacola's AA armament is rather inadequate. While the 5-inch guns are fairly effective at long range, her smaller guns are few and far between, and lack the close range damage of 20 mm and 40 mm cannons. Keep an eye out for aircraft, and keep friendly escort ships close by. Lastly, while the guns on the Pensacola are powerful, they still have their limitations. The turret traverse is poor, meaning an enemy on your flank can be a death sentence. In addition, the Pensacola's guns have a 20 second reload, meaning a well-trained crew is a must, especially if you're stuck in a close quarters encounter against any light cruisers that can easily punch through your armour.

==== To sink a Pensacola ====
Pensacolas are easy targets for other cruisers. Their armour is weak, they aren't that fast, and their secondary armament is fairly lacking. Don't attack them head-on, where they can angle their bow armour and bring five of their guns to bear. Instead, get on their flank and punish their weak belt armour. The ammo racks for the rear two gun turrets are particularly vulnerable, with just 88.9 mm of armour protecting them from the side, enough for some light cruisers to punch through at medium range.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good broadside of ten 203 mm guns - the largest 8-inch gun broadside of any heavy cruiser in the game
** Decent shell velocity and punching power, especially for an 8-inch gun
* Adequate secondary/AA battery of 5 inch guns, which can give destroyers and large aircraft some trouble
** Guns get access to proximity-fused shells (AA-VT) which is extremely effective against aircraft
* Two scout seaplanes

'''Cons:'''

* Main guns have an extremely poor fire rate (3 rounds per minute) and poor accuracy at longer ranges
** Weak anti-aircraft defences, with just several 12.7 mm and 28 mm guns, leading to a weak anti-aircraft ability at longer ranges
*Weak survivability with just 3 inches of main armour belt and 4 inches around the armour magazines
**Only 654 crew members, which is a very small crew complement for a heavy cruiser
*No access to torpedoes or any sort of auxiliary armament

== History ==

[[File:USS Pensacola underway.jpg|thumb|450x450px|USS Pensacola underway in September of 1935.]]
USS Pensacola was the lead ship of the Pensacola class of heavy cruisers, built for the US navy in the interwar period. Built up to the limitations of the Washington naval treaty, she was the first class of "treaty cruiser" and also the first American cruiser to feature an 8-inch main armament. Pensacola saw extensive service during the Second World War, and was almost sunk by Japanese torpedoes during the Battle of Tassafaronga. After the war, she was used as a target during Operation Crossroads, and was later sunk as a target ship.

=== Design and Development ===
After the end of the First World War, the only major cruiser class of the United States Navy were the Omaha class - these ships ended up a disappointment due to their awkwardly-placed main battery and light armour. As a result, the United States Navy set out to produce the first new class of "light cruisers" - the Pensacola class. Due to the Washington Naval Treaty (signed in 1920), the ships could only be built up to 10,000 tons standard. The first of these ships, Pensacola, was laid down in October of 1926 and completed by April of 1930. She was subsequently redesignated as a heavy cruiser (due to her high-calibre main armament) and became the first heavy cruiser class of the United States Navy.

Pensacola displaced 9100 tons standard and was 178 metres long. Her main armament consisted of 10 8-inch (203 mm) guns in a unique configuration - two twin turrets and two triple turrets, one of each being located fore and aft. She carried a secondary armament of eight single 5-inch (127 mm) guns on beam positions. Her initial anti-aircraft armament was sparse, but was improved over time. Pensacola was the first American cruiser to lack torpedo tubes - the American design of "gun cruiser" would be continued with all following cruiser classes except the Atlanta class.

=== Operational history ===
Following her commissioning, the Pensacola joined the US Atlantic Fleet where she operated for the next four years. In 1935, she transited the Panama canal to join the Pacific Fleet at San Diego, where she would be based for the rest of her interwar career. She frequently participated in fleet exercises that took her everywhere from Alaska to Midway atoll. She was also one of six ships to receive the CXAM radar system in 1940, the first operational ship-based radar of the United States Navy.

Pensacola departed Pearl Harbour shortly before the raid and headed to the port of Brisbane in Australia after the attack. She then rendezvoused with Task Force (TF) 11, centered around the carrier Lexington. In April of 1942, she returned to Pearl Harbour and was reassigned to the Enterprise escort group. She was still serving in this capacity during the Battle of Midway, where planes from the Enterprise and Yorktown crippled the Japanese carriers Kaga, Akagi, Soryu and Hiryu, the core of the Imperial Japanese Navy. During the course of the battle, she was detached to the Yorktown's escort group, and provided anti-aircraft cover when the carrier was struck by Japanese torpedoes. She managed to shoot down six enemy torpedo bombers, but in vain, as the Yorktown was hit by two more torpedoes and had to be abandoned.

After the Midway battle, Pensacola returned to Pearl Harbour, and was reassigned to the carrier Hornet's escort squadron. She was still serving in this capacity during the Battle of the Coral Sea, and was providing AA fire when the Hornet was hit by multiple enemy bombs and sunk. She was reassigned to USS Enterprise, and provided cover as the carrier launched aircraft during the Battle of Guadalcanal.

==== Battle of Tassafaronga ====
[[File:Pensacola battle damage.jpg|thumb|450x450px|USS Pensacola alongside the repair ship USS Vestal after she was damaged by Japanese torpedoes at the Battle of Tassafaronga.]]
After the battle of Guadalcanal, Pensacola was reassigned to TF 67 (with four other heavy cruisers and several destroyers) to attack Japanese forces in the Guadalcanal area. On the night of the 30th of November, they encountered a Japanese transport squadron and promptly engaged them: this battle would be known as the Battle of Tassafaronga. During the battle, Pensacola, along with the other ships, spotted a Japanese troop convoy heading for the Solomons, escorted by eight destroyers. And thus began a short engagement limited by poor night-time visibility where the Japanese destroyer Takamani was sunk by gunfire. However, the rest of the Japanese destroyers were not fired upon, and launched a large number of Type 93 'Long Lance' heavy oxygen torpedoes.

At 23:27, the cruiser USS Minneapolis was hit by two torpedoes in her engine rooms causing her to take heavy damage. New Orleans, the second cruiser in line, took evasive action but was hit by a Type 93 that detonated her forward ammunition magazines and destroyed her bow. As Pensacola turned to avoid the two heavily-damaged cruisers, she was hit by a torpedo underneath her mainmast that caused severe damage - her engine room flooded and her oil tanks were set on fire. The fires then spread aft and eventually caused her rear ammunition magazines to detonate, causing further damage. Pensacola limped back to port, still on fire, with 125 men dead and 68 more injured.

==== Later service ====
Pensacola was given emergency repairs by the repair ship Vestal before proceeding back to Pearl Harbour for permanent repairs. She was fully operational again by November of 1943, and spent the last two years of war serving in various capacities. She participated in the battle of Leyte Gulf, and later served in the invasion of Okinawa as a fire support ship. At the end of the war, Pensacola was anchored at Adak Station in Alaska.

Following the cessation of hostilities, Pensacola returned to the Eastern theatre, arriving at Ominato Harbour in Northern Honshu. She then embarked on a long journey back home, repatriating two hundred American veterans to Pearl Harbour, and eight hundred more back to the harbour of San Diego. From there, she embarked on her final trip to Bikini Atoll in the southern Pacific, where she was to be expended as a target ship during the American nuclear bomb tests. She survived both drops, and was studied by the USN to determine the effects of the radiation. She was then finally sunk as a target ship in 1948. Throughout the course of the war, Pensacola received 13 battle stars for her service.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_pensacola_class Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6443-development-rank-v-in-the-war-thunder-navy-the-uss-pensacola-en|[Devblog] Rank V in the War Thunder Navy: The USS Pensacola]]

=== References ===

* Chen, P. C. (2004). Heavy Cruiser Pensacola. Retrieved January 12, 2021, from <nowiki>https://ww2db.com/ship_spec.php?ship_id=303</nowiki>
* Rickard, J. (2014, January 31). USS Pensacola (CA-24). Retrieved January 12, 2021, from <nowiki>http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_USS_Pensacola_CA24.html</nowiki>
* Schulman, M. (1996). USS Pensacola CA-24Hi. Retrieved January 12, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.historycentral.com/navy/cruiser/Pensacola.html</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer Brooklyn Navy Yard}}
{{USA heavy cruisers}}

USS Brooklyn

2023-06-25T23:25:26Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_brooklyn_class_brooklyn
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

'''{{Specs|name}}''' is the lead ship of the [[Brooklyn (Family)|Brooklyn-class]] of light cruisers. Laid down in 1933, she would enter service in 1937 and serve throughout World War Two, notably taking part on the Battle of Casablanca and provided fire support for the Invasion of Sicily and the Anzio-Nettuna landings before providing naval gunfire for the allied troops landing in southern France. Postwar she was put into reserve in 1947, before being transferred the Chilean Navy in 1951, being renamed to "O'Higgins" and serving for another 40 years. She finally sunk under tow in 1992.

USS Brooklyn is in her 1941 refit, and as this was completed, her anti-aircraft battery is quite small. With only 8 heavy machine guns, this will do almost nothing to protect the ship against enemy air. This does however, leave the ship less vulnerable to splash from high explosive shells, as far fewer crew are in exposed or unarmoured positions when compared to her sister ship, [[USS Helena]], which is in a later configuration. With 15 {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} guns with an exceptional fire rate of 6 seconds with a good crew, Brooklyn is lethal to other cruisers and of course, destroyers, being able to easily dispatch any lightly armoured ship, and more heavily armoured ships once the range closes.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Brooklyn is protected by both sheer internal volume and thick armour around vital components. The turrets are easily the most protected in the game, with 165 mm of rolled cemented armour on the turret face, 75 mm of RHA on the turret sides, and 152 mm of antifragmentation armour on the ammo elevators.

Bow ammunition storage is stored below the waterline, and it is protected not only by 51 mm of antifragmentation armour but also by a "wrapped" fuel tank that can absorb incoming shells.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Manoeuvrability is what should be expected for a 12,242-ton vessel: sluggish.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|6 inch/47 Mk.16 (152 mm)}}

Brooklyn has a devastating primary armament of fifteen 6"/47 Mk.16 cannons, arranged in triple turrets with three in front and two in back. With a rate of fire of 10 rounds per minute this makes Brooklyn have some of the best offensive ability among all other ships in the game. All of the turrets have a horizontal guidance limit of ±150° and a vertical guidance limit of -5°/+40° which does allow for limited anti-aircraft fire, but only at longer ranges which avoids more extreme elevation. The turrets do have a slow traverse rate of 4.3 °/second which can cause issues at closer ranges as well as switching between targets.

The 6"/47 Mk. 16 cannons have access to four different types of ammunition:

* 6 inch Mk. 34 HC: This is the standard HE shell, with a muzzle velocity of 812 m/s (2,665 f/s) and a TNT equivalent explosive mass of 5.88 kg. Standard HE shells have a near instantaneous detonation as this shell has a fuse delay of 0.35 m, so it is best used on unarmoured targets or on targets that the HE shell can penetrate that have a small internal volume. This is the default shell for the Brooklyn.
* 6 inch Mk. 35 AP: This is an APCBC that is able to unlocked, with a muzzle velocity of 762 m/s (2,500 f/s) and a TNT equivalent explosive mass of 866.32 grams. The penetration of this shell is very respectable compared to similar ones (such as the German [[15cm/60 SK C/25 (150 mm)]] and the Soviet [[152 mm/57 B-38 (152 mm)]]) and will hold its penetrative ability out to longer ranges, only dropping below 100 mm at 0° past 10 km. The fuse delay is 9 m, meaning that this shell is best used against heavily armoured targets with larger internal volumes (essentially, other cruisers). Due to the low explosive mass of the shell, precise aiming will be necessary. Typical targets of AP shells will be engine and machinery rooms as well as ammunition storage.
* 6 inch Mk. 34 HC (Base Fuse): This an HE shell that is nearly identical to the default HE shell with the only difference being a base detonating fuse rather than a point contact fuse. This shell has a fuse sensitivity of 10 mm and a fuse delay of 3 m (as opposed to 0.1 mm and 0.35 m, respectively, for the default shell). This makes the shell less effective against small targets such as torpedo boats as the shell may pass through the target without detonating. Slightly larger targets that do not have heavy armour can be heavily damaged with this shell, as it will detonate further inside the ship's volume.
* 6 inch Mk. 34 HC (VT): This is, again, nearly identical to the default HE shell with the only difference being that it is fitted with a variable time fuse. The sensitivity and delay are the same as the default HE shell with a trigger radius of 23 m. Like other HE-VT shells, these can still be used as normal HE shells against surface targets but will detonate in the air if an aircraft is detected within the trigger radius. As these shells have almost double the explosive mass of the [[5/38 Mark 12 Dual Purpose (127 mm)]] found on American destroyers (as well as Brookyln's secondary armament, the [[5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)]]), any aircraft caught by these shells will be eviscerated. The major factor holding these shells back is the limited elevation of the guns to only +40° and the slow traverse rate, which means that any agile aircraft at closer ranges and/or high altitude are not affected by this shell. Larger and slower aircraft at low/medium altitude are the best targets for these shells.

{{:6 inch/47 Mk.16 (152 mm)/Ammunition|6 inch Mk.34 HC, 6 inch Mk.35 AP, 6 inch Mk.34 HC (base fuze), 6 inch Mk.34 HC-VT}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)}}

Brooklyn has a total of eight 5"/25 Mk.13 cannons, with four on each side of the ship at amidships. Three on each side are on the main deck level and have a firing angle of 180° while two are mounted on an elevated deck facing forward and have a horizontal guidance limit of 40°/160°. All of the cannons have a vertical guidance limit of -10°/+85° which allows them to engage both air and surface targets. A horizontal 17 °/second gives them good flexibility to track aircraft as well as faster moving motor boats. A quick rate of fire at 20 rounds per minute also aid in taking down targets before they get too close or escape behind cover.

The 5"/25 Mk.13 AA cannons have access to two different types of ammunition:

* 5 inch Mk. 36 AAC: This is the default HE shell with a mechanical delay fuse. They have a muzzle velocity of 657 m/s (2,155 f/s) and a TNT equivalent explosive mass of 3.16 kg. As these are delay fuses set at the moment of firing, they are affected by the Gunner crew skill "Distance fuse set accuracy" and do need a ranging shot fired before the fuse can be set accurately. These shells are rendered effectively useless after unlocking the Mk. 28 AAC-VT shell.
* 5 inch Mk. 28 AAC-VT: These shells are identical to the Mk. 36 AAC with the exception being the usage of a VT shell rather than a mechanical time delay fuse. This gives the shell more flexibility and destructive potential against aircraft thanks to the VT fuse. The trigger radius is 23 m.

{{:5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch Mk.36 AAC, 5 inch Mk.28 AAC-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|AN-M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The Brooklyn comes with eight 12.7 mm (.50 cal) AN-M2 machine guns, which act the last line of defense against aircraft and small surface craft. They are all located on elevated decks around the superstructure evenly spread, four of them port and starboard as well as fore and aft. The actual defensive capability provided by these is almost negligible, and relying on them to take out enemies will only be a mistake.

The 12.7 mm AN-M2 machine guns come with only a default ammunition belt (API-T / AP / I / AP).

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located on the stern are two catapults with one OS2U-1 scout plane each which provide unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. Alongside the typical abilities of strafing, dropping 2 x 100 lb bombs, and capping zones, the OS2U-1 and other scout planes have the added ability to lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new! With two scout planes one can risk a cap attempt at the beginning of the match, saving the second for any opportunity that presents itself.

== Usage in battles ==

The Brooklyn is easily the strongest ship in War Thunder. Combining adequate protection with unparalleled firepower, it can hold its own most other cruisers without much threat to itself. If isolated, a Brooklyn can be taken down by a group of cruisers or even destroyers via ammo racking. If, however, the Brooklyn is integrated into a team of CLs, the chance of defeating it becomes far lower.

The main threats to the Brooklyn are the Kirov, Southampton, and Furutaka. It is advised to engage these targets first and other cruisers second; the Kirov and Furutaka have sufficient firepower to threaten a Brooklyn, and the Southampton's armour dampens the firepower advantage of the Brooklyn.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great broadside firepower for a cruiser, has multiple useful ammo options
* Main battery magazines and engine compartments are submerged and well-protected
* Highly resilient to fire hazard thanks to complicated internal bulkheads
* Two scout seaplanes

'''Cons:'''

* Open single mount 5-inch auxiliary guns are subpar to US standardized twin mount guns
* Floodfighting is slow among all cruisers

== History ==

[[File:USS Brooklyn 1939.jpg|thumb|450x450px|USS Brooklyn as seen in 1939.]]
USS Brooklyn (CL-40) was the lead ship of her class of light cruisers built for the United States navy before the start of the Second World War. Built to counter the [[Mogami (Family)|Mogami]] class of light cruisers built by the Japanese navy, the ships were the most heavily-armed light cruisers of their era. Brooklyn served in the Atlantic Theatre during the Second World War, escorting convoys and providing fire support. After the end of the war, she was given to Chile, and served for 40 more years before she was retired and scrapped in 1992.

=== Design and development ===
As the London naval treaty limited the amount of heavy cruisers with 8-inch main armament, the American naval designers decided to create a ship displacing 10 thousand tons with a 6-inch main armament. As well, they found that a light cruiser with a 6-inch main armament could overwhelm a comparable heavy cruiser due to their higher fire rate. As a result, the designers pushed forward with a new 6-inch armament light cruiser: the Brooklyn class. However, during Brooklyn's design process, it was discovered that the Japanese intended to arm their new Mogami class with fifteen 6-inch guns. As a result, the Brooklyn's design was amended to include an additional 3-gun turret mounted in a rear-facing non superfiring position. Brooklyn was built to this design starting from March of 1935, and was completed by September of 1937.

Brooklyn was 185 metres long and displaced exactly 10 thousand tons standard, and 12 200 tons full. She had a main armament of fifteen 6-inch (152 mm) guns in five triple turrets, three fore and two aft. The #3 turret, mounted ahead of the superstructure, faced backwards and was unable to fire forwards. Her secondary armament consisted of eight 5-inch (127 mm) guns in single mounts and her anti-aircraft armament initially consisted of eight 12.7 mm AN/M2 machine guns. Her engines delivered a total of 100 000 shaft horsepower (shp), allowing her a top speed of 32.5 knots (60 km/h).

=== Operational history ===
After her commissioning, the Brooklyn joined the American Atlantic fleet and joined fleet exercises in the Atlantic for a short time before passing through the Panama canal to attend fleet exercises on the west coast, as well as the Navy Exposition of 1940. In March 1941, she departed again to enter the Atlantic, where she would stay until the start of the Second World War. Upon the declaration of war by the United States, Brooklyn was immediately assigned to convoy escort duty, and soon after rescued sailors from the troop transport USS Wakefield, which had caught fire during an Atlantic convoy voyage.

In October of 1942, Brooklyn was sent to North Africa to cover the allied landings that were happening as a part of Operation Torch. When Vichy French naval units attempted to flee from the port of Casablanca, the Brooklyn opened fire upon them, along with other units of the task force including the battleship USS Massachusetts. During this time, she damaged the destroyers Brestois and Milan, while the cruiser Primauguet was eventually sunk by a combination of air attack and fire from the Massachusetts. She was attacked by a French submarine, but escaped unharmed.

After this conflict, known as the Naval battle of Casablanca, the Brooklyn was once again dispatched to perform convoy escort duties. Between January and July of 1943, she made three convoy runs between the east coast and Casablanca, and later participated in the Sicily landings of late 1943. She provided fire support for the Anzio-Nettuno landings of early 1944, and remained in the Mediterranean theatre until December of that year, when she returned to the United States for an overhaul. However, due to the cessation of hostilities that year, Brooklyn was retired. In 1951, she was given to the Chilean navy, who renamed her O'Higgins. She went on to serve for over 40 years, finally being retired and scrapped in 1992. One of her turrets is preserved at a Chilean navy base; she earned 4 battle stars for her WWII service.

=== [[wt:en/news/6050-development-uss-brooklyn-more-means-more-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1930, the London Naval Treaty extended the limitations imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty by further limiting the construction of large warships. Well-aware of the importance of such warships for operations in the Pacific, the U.S. Navy initiated the development of a new light cruiser design that would suit their needs, whilst remaining within the limitations of both treaties. The new design, that would become the Brooklyn-class light cruisers, was a compromise between heavy cruiser size and protection and light cruiser armament. In other words, the ship would remain within the 10,000-ton displacement limit, but would also offer the desired seaworthiness and autonomy at the same time.

Initially, the ship was intended to carry only a dozen 6-inch main guns. However, with the appearance of the Japanese Mogami-class cruiser, a decision was hastily made to increase the number of main guns to 15, in order to match the armament of the Mogami-class. With this choice, the Brooklyn-class cruisers would become the most heavily armed light cruisers ever built for the USN. The first orders for four ships were issued in 1933, followed by an additional three in 1934. The lead ship of the class, USS Brooklyn (CL-40), was laid down in March 1935 and commissioned into service in September 1937.

USS Brooklyn primarily served in the Mediterranean theatre during WW2, participating in the North African campaign and later on in the Italian campaign. The ship mostly served as a support in landing operations and performed coastline bombardments, while also engaging in the occasional naval skirmish. Soon after the end of WW2, USS Brooklyn was decommissioned in 1947 and handed over to the Chilean Navy in 1951 under the new name of O'Higgins (CL-02). The ship would continue to serve on with the Chilean Navy for over 40 years, before being sold for scraps in 1992.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_brooklyn_class_brooklyn Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
File:USS Brooklyn Damage Model.jpg|Damage model of the ship viewed in 3D Max, as revealed by the developers during the [[wt:en/news/6575-qa-answers-from-the-developers-en|QA session on 6 February 2020]]
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Ze0dEvB77fE|'''Best Combo #3''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:18 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* [[USS Helena]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6050-development-uss-brooklyn-more-means-more-en|[Development] USS Brooklyn: More Means More]]

=== References ===

* Evans, M. L. (2019, January 10). Brooklyn III (CL-40). Retrieved January 26, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/b/brooklyn-iii.html</nowiki>
* Helgason, G. (1995). USS Brooklyn. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from <nowiki>https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/2566.html</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer Brooklyn Navy Yard}}
{{USA light cruisers}}

USS New Orleans

2023-06-25T22:16:44Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_new_orleans_class
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the lead ship of the New-Orleans class of heavy cruisers, the last of the American heavy cruisers to be built under the regulations of the Washington naval treaty, limiting her to 10,000 tons displacement. Laid down in 1931, she would enter service in 1934 and serve through World War Two, notably being at Pearl Harbour during the infamous attack. She would also take part in the Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, and Tassafaronga, along with many others. After assisting with bring troops home postwar, she was decommissioned in 1947.

New Orleans was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]], and has similar firepower to other American pre-war heavy cruisers with her main battery of 3x triple {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}}. As she is a treaty-era cruiser, she had to make some sacrifices to maintain the 10,000 ton limit, and thus has rather thin armour for a heavy cruiser, lacking even in comparison to WW2-era light cruisers. In exchange she has good main battery firepower for the rank and a healthy secondary and anti-aircraft battery.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The USS New Orleans is quite a survivable ship, and a quantum leap in protection over its other American treaty heavy predecessors. Chief among these changes is an increase in barbette protection from 37 mm to 127 mm and turret front armour from 63.5 mm to 203 mm. This resolves the biggest weakness of earlier US heavy cruisers, which was a tendency have their shell rooms and turrets ripped apart early in a fight, causing devastating fires, significant crew losses, and leaving them completely defenseless. Its turrets are still not as resistant as those on the Brooklyns and Clevelands, owing to the 38 mm sides curving around to form its cheeks.

The same cannot be said of its secondary armament, which are still relatively dated open 5"/25 single mounts and as a result will be knocked out very early in a match and is prone to being set on fire.
[[File:USS New Orleans Layout and Protection.png|right|thumb|350px|Armour and internal layout of the USS New Orleans]]
The New Orleans also has significantly improved protection for its engine room, which has the double effect of preventing engine room knock-outs (and associated crew losses and fires) and also making it more likely that you'll be able to turn around and escape from a sticky situation under your own power. Although main magazine protection is reduced somewhat, it is still strong enough and deep enough in the hull that ammo racks from cruiser calibre guns are extremely unlikely. As a nice little bonus, it maintains the strake of anti-fragmentation armour on its upper hull; a small plus compared to the Cleveland.

All in all, the USS New Orleans has everything in protection that the USS Portland, Northampton, and Pensacola lacked while keeping the same decent armament (and, an argument could be made for having better overall damage output due to the turrets spending less time blacked out in a game) and is comparable in durability to the USS Cleveland, making it a strong competitor on the high seas of War Thunder.

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front !! Side !! Rear !! Deck/Roof
|-
| Turret || 203 mm || 38 mm || 38 mm || 70 mm
|-
| Front magazine || 38.1 mm || 101.6 mm ''Upper'' 76.2 mm ''Lower''
!
| 57.15 mm
|-
| Citadel || 76 mm || 127 mm 82.55 mm || 76 mm || 57.15 mm
|-
| Rear magazine
!
| 120.65 mm ''Upper'' 76.2 mm ''Lower'' || 38.1 mm || 57.15 mm
|-
| Barbette || colspan="3" | 127 mm
!
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|8 inch/55 Mark 14 (203 mm)}}

The main guns have a slow rotation and reload speed, with 17 seconds with a spaded crew, and 20 seconds stock. the guns also have somewhat moderate shells, but with that, the ship's main armament is poor in reload and rotation speed.

{{:8 inch/55 Mark 14 (203 mm)/Ammunition|8 inch Mk.14 Common, 8 inch Mk.19 APCBC, 8 inch Mk.25 HC, 8 inch Mk.17 SP Common}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)}}

The 5-inch guns are highly effective at destroying aircraft at long range, and with the HE-VT shells unlocked, are even more effective at destroying aircraft at long range and killing unarmoured destroyers. However, the guns can't fire fast enough to kill destroyers or aircraft, and sometimes, the guns are targeted by stray shells, knocking them out.

{{:5 inch/25 Mk.13 AA (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch Mk.36 AAC, 5 inch Mk.28 AAC-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (40 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mark V (20 mm)}}

The anti-aircraft armament is the shining sword with the New Orleans. The 40 mm Bofors and 20 mm Oerlikon AA guns are very effective at close range. These guns can fight back against aircraft, pesky torpedo boats, and even, in some cases, lower battle-rating destroyers. The Oerlikon and Bofors AA guns can pressure aircraft to stay away, while hidden torpedo boats who come in the sights of the secondary and tertiary armament will have second thoughts about attacking USS New Orleans.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships is one catapult for a SOC-1 scout plane which provides unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. Alongside the typical abilities of strafing, dropping 2 x 100 lb bombs, and capping zones, the SOC-1 and other scout planes have the added ability to lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new!

== Usage in battles ==

The USS New Orleans is a moderate top-tier ship. Being a step up from the three other heavy cruisers coming before it, the New Orleans is simply a USS Portland with much more anti-air capability. The downsides of the New Orleans are its below average shell dispersion, reload time, and rotation speed. The shells are somewhat moderate, and when the New Orleans is completely spaded, the heavy cruiser is a deadly force to be reckoned with. The silver lining about the ship is its huge anti-aircraft armament. In all, the ship has 28 Bofors and 24 Oerlikon AA guns, along with the eight 5"/25 guns that can act as dual-purpose weaponry.

When the enemy team starts spawning aircraft, most pilots will start heading towards the dreadnoughts on your team, so stay close to them and provide AA cover, pressuring aircraft to find different targets.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very effective AA against aircraft and small targets
* The 5-inch guns with HE-VT shells are effective against destroyers when guns are knocked out
* 8-inch guns are useful in close combat
* Very high amount of crew
* Very good anti-aircraft capability
* Able to support dreadnoughts in AA role
* Has anti-fragmentation armour
* Can take hits before sinking
* Fast when spaded
* One scout seaplane

'''Cons:'''

* 8-inch guns have a slow reload speed
* Moderate speed when stock
* Stock time-fuzed Shells are poor against aircraft and naval targets
* Can't compete with fast-firing light cruisers
* Susceptible to torpedo damage
* No torpedo launchers
* Anti-fragmentation armour won't completely stop shells
* Guns rotate slowly

== History ==

[[File:USS New Orleans 1943.jpg|thumb|500x500px|USS New Orleans as seen in 1943 after her damage was repaired.]]
USS New Orleans (CA-32) was the lead ship of her class of heavy cruisers built for the United States Navy. As the last class of 10-thousand ton cruisers built for the US Navy (abiding by the conditions of the Washington Naval Treaty), she was initially classified as a light cruiser and subsequently reclassified due to her 8-inch calibre main armament. New Orleans had an extensive service history, and travelled abroad prior to the Second World War. During the war, she served extensively in the Pacific Theatre, surviving a crippling torpedo hit that almost sunk her. New Orleans was awarded 17 battle stars for her WWII service, making her one of the five most-decorated American vessels of WWII; her sister ships San Francisco and Minneapolis also made the list. She was decommissioned after the war, and scrapped in 1959.

=== Design and development ===
After the construction of the previous Portland, Northampton and Pensacola classes, the United States Navy (USN) began the construction of a new class of heavy cruiser - the New Orleans class. This was the last class of cruisers built to the 10-thousand-ton limit of the Washington naval treaty. The ships were intended to have a much heavier armour load than their predecessors, which were low in survivability. As a result, New Orleans' armour accounted for almost 15% of her total displacement, compared to 5-6% for the preceding ship classes. However, this resulted in a reduction in fuel stowage meaning that the New Orleans had a shorter range compared to her predecessors.

The ships themselves inherited the superstructure design of the preceding cruiser classes - however, the old tripod mast design was removed and replaced with a smoother forward superstructure. This change made the ships easily-distinguishable from their predecessors and was subsequently used on the Wichita, Cleveland and Baltimore classes of heavy cruisers. The ships, similar to the preceding Portland class, were built directly up to the 10 thousand ton limit; New Orleans herself displaced 9950 tons standard.

==== Technical specifications ====
New Orleans carried a main armament of nine 8-inch (203 mm) guns in three triple Mk 9 turrets, later upgraded to Mk 14 turrets during World War II. She also carried a secondary armament of eight single 5-inch 25 calibre guns for anti-aircraft defence. Rounding her armament off, New Orleans carried two 3-pounder (47 mm) saluting guns and eight 12.7 mm Browning machine guns for short-range Anti-aircraft armament. In the 1940s, her anti-aircraft armament was improved significantly with 24 x 40 mm Bofors guns in quad mounts and 28 x 20 mm Oerlikon guns in dual mounts.

Similar to other American cruisers, New Orleans didn't carry any torpedoes. Her engines developed 107 000 shaft horsepower giving her a top speed of 32.7 knots (60.6 km/h). Costing a total of 12 million dollars to build (non-inflation-adjusted), New Orleans was ordered in mid-1929 and laid down in March of 1931. She was eventually completed and commissioned on February 15th 1934.

=== Operational history ===
During her construction, New Orleans was reclassified as a heavy cruiser due to her 8-inch main armament. Thus, she was commissioned as CA-32. Following her commissioning, New Orleans sailed on a cruise to the United Kingdom and Scandinavia, followed by a trip to the Panama canal to escort the Northampton-class cruiser USS Houston as she carried President Franklin D. Roosevelt to Hawaii. She later participated in exercises off of California and in the Atlantic, and participated in the first "Fleet week" where civilians could tour the naval vessel.

New Orleans was docked in the inner harbour during the Pearl harbour attack, without power as she was being refueled. Her crewmen frantically tried to raise steam and sail her away while her gunners fired at the attacking aircraft with small arms. As she had no electrical power, New Orleans' ammunition hoists were inoperational making her 5-inch AA guns nearly useless. Despite this, her crew members attempted to lift shells manually using a rope hoist. New Orleans suffered a near miss from a Japanese HE bomb, but was otherwise unscathed.

In early 1942, New Orleans sailed back to port in San Francisco to repair damage and receive a search radar, along with several 20 mm Oerlikon guns. She then returned to the Pacific, and subsequently saw combat action during the battles of Coral Sea and Midway. During the Battle of the Coral Sea, she tried to save the crippled carrier USS Lexington; she was responsible for evacuating crew members once it was apparent the old carrier could not be saved. She later escorted Yorktown during the Midway battle, but was detached to join the Enterprise battlegroup, and was not present when the Yorktown was crippled by Japanese bombers.

==== Battle of Tassafaronga ====
[[File:USS New Orleans battle damage.jpg|thumb|USS New Orleans steaming into Tulagi after her bow was sheared off by a torpedo.]]
In early November of 1942, New Orleans sailed for Fiji, and then returned to the Solomons for combat action. She was part of a heavy cruiser task force that engaged a Japanese transport squadron during the night of November 30th, in an engagement known as the Battle of Tassafaronga. During the battle, New Orleans, along with four heavy cruisers and six destroyers, spotted a Japanese troop convoy heading for the Solomons, escorted by eight destroyers. And thus began a short engagement limited by poor night-time visibility where the Japanese destroyer Takamani was sunk by gunfire. However, the rest of the Japanese destroyers were not fired upon, and launched a large number of Type 93 'Long Lance' heavy oxygen torpedoes.

At 23:27, Minneapolis was hit by two torpedoes in her engine rooms causing her to take heavy damage. New Orleans subsequently took evasive action, but was hit by a Type 93 that detonated her forward ammunition magazines. As a result, her bow was sheared off at the No. 1 turret and she was slowed to a speed of 2 knots. Subsequently, the cruisers Northampton and Pensacola were both hit, Northampton sinking and Pensacola taking severe damage.

==== Repairs and later service ====
[[File:Temporary bow fitted to USS New Orleans.jpg|thumb|New Orleans with a temporary bow allowing her to steam back to the United States for full repairs.]]
New Orleans, with her entire bow sheared off, limped back to Cockatoo dockyard in Australia; in fact, she sailed backwards (stern first) to avoid flooding the ship's frontal section. There, temporary repairs were made including the fitting of a 'stub bow' to cover the blown-off bow section. In March of 1943, she sailed for Puget Naval Yard where she was given a complete repair, and had a new bow section fitted. She also received a large anti-aircraft armament boost of 24 Bofors guns (6 x 4) and numerous more double Oerlikon cannons. Repairs completed, she returned to service in August of 1943.

New Orleans spent the entirety of 1944 in the Pacific theatre, providing heavy fire support for troop landings in the Marshall Islands. She later escorted the Essex-class carrier Lexington (named after the carrier that she attempted to save at the Battle of the Coral Sea) back to Pearl Harbour after she was torpedoed. She later escorted the American carrier task force during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and participated in the Battle of Leyte Gulf where she sank the light carrier Chiyoda with gunfire.

In early 1945, New Orleans returned to Mare Island for a refit, and then participated in the American invasion of Okinawa where she provided fire support for troops landing on the beaches. She returned to the Philippines in August of 1945, and was anchored at Subic Bay when the Japanese surrendered in Tokyo. She then served in various duties after the war, repatriating American soldiers from China, Japan and the Korean peninsula. She returned to the United States in 1947 and was laid up in reserve, to be scrapped starting in 1959.

New Orleans was awarded 17 stars for her service, making her one of the most decorated ships in American history. In fact, she is tied for third place with three other vessels, two of which are her sister ships: USS San Francisco and USS Minneapolis. The only ships with more stars are the legendary USS Enterprise (20 stars) and the cruiser USS San Diego (18 stars). As well, five ships are named after sailors who perished on USS New Orleans during the battle of Tassafaronga: the destroyer USS Rogers (DD-876), and the destroyer escorts USS Hayter, USS Foreman, USS Swenning, and USS Haines.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_new_orleans_class Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


=== References ===

* Military Factory. (2017, May 30). USS New Orleans (CA-32). Retrieved January 10, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.militaryfactory.com/ships/detail.asp?ship_id=uss-new-orleans-ca32-heavy-cruiser-united-states</nowiki>
* Naval History and Heritage Command. (2019, June 26). New Orleans II (CA-32). Retrieved January 10, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/n/new-orleans-ii.html</nowiki>
{{ShipManufacturer New York Navy Yard}}
{{USA heavy cruisers}}

USS Wyoming

2023-06-25T22:14:18Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_battleship_wyoming_class
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

Essentially an enlarged version of the previous Florida-class battleship, itself a repeat of the [[USS North Dakota|Delaware-class]], the Wyoming-class battleship is the final classic dreadnought of the US Navy and the last American battleship to be armed with {{Annotation|12-inch|305 mm}} cannons. The class presents a substantial improvement over its predecessor, notably being the first American battleship to utilize torpedo bulkheads.

The two ships of the class, ''Wyoming'' and ''Arkansas'', would later see extensive service in both world wars. The sisters would serve under different roles during World War II - ''Wyoming'' was demilitarized to comply with the 1930 London Naval Treaty and served as a training ship and later an anti-air training ship throughout the war, while ''Arkansas'' continued her career as a capital ship and served in both the Atlantic and Pacific theatre.

Introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]], the {{PAGENAME}} in War Thunder is in her 1927 configuration, representing her peak performance as a dreadnought prior to her demilitarization. In this refit, she receives a torpedo belt, reinforced deck armour, more efficient oil-fired boilers, and some {{Annotation|3-inch|76 mm}}anti-aircraft guns. While the Wyoming is largely similar to other classic dreadnought in terms of gameplay, she stands out for her survivability, serviceable anti-air defense, and the excellent penetration offered by her main battery for its calibre.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The USS Wyoming is well armoured for an early battleship, with a distributed armour scheme, and quite survivable. She has a main belt {{Annotation|11 inches|280 mm}} thick, angled at 2° to increase the thickness of the armour. It can be expected to withstand hits from other {{Annotation|12-inch|305 mm}}-armed battleships of the rank, and the smaller 283 mm guns of the early German battleships. The armour begins to have troubles when facing later battleships with larger than {{Annotation|14-inch|356 mm}} guns, although if angled the armour can hold off some hits from heavier calibres. Above and below the main belt, the armour drops to {{Annotation|9 inches|229 mm}} and drops to a {{Annotation|1-inch|25.4 mm}} plate well below the waterline.

USS Wyoming is in her 1927 refit, and gains access to torpedo bulges which protect against 250 kg warheads and below. This will defeat commonly seen torpedoes like the American [[Mk.15 (533 mm)|Mk.15]] but will struggle against heavier torpedoes such as the German [[G7a (533 mm)|G7a]] and provide negligible protection against the Japanese [[Type 93 Model 3 (610 mm)|Type 93 Long Lance]] and every effort should be made to avoid these.

The turrets are well armoured with {{Annotation|12-inch|305 mm}} plates fore and aft, with the front face of the turrets angled at 38° to increase effectiveness. The sides have a thickness of {{Annotation|8 inches|203 mm}} and the barbettes have a thickness of {{Annotation|11 inches|279.4 mm}} of armour. The turret roof has {{Annotation|7.7 inches|196 mm}} of armour and will protect from all but large calibre rounds at extreme ranges and angles. The casemates have {{Annotation|6.5 inches|165 mm}} of armour protecting them, and smaller plates behind the casemate lead down to the machinery spaces. The main armoured deck has a thickness of {{Annotation|4.5 inches|114.3 mm}} and the citadel has two layers of roof armour, a plate of {{Annotation|4 inches|101.6 mm}} and a smaller {{Annotation|1.5-inch|38.1 mm}} plate beneath, directly above the magazines.

Speaking of the magazines, they're positioned slightly beneath the waterline and under layers of armour, so from most near-peer engagements the magazines are relatively unlikely to be hit. Higher rank battleships and battlecruisers such as the [[IJN Hyuga]], [[SMS Bayern]], or [[HMS Hood]] will have a much easier time penetrating the citadel and doing critical damage with the larger bursting charges higher calibre shells are able to support, so sitting stationary and trading blows with the later ships is not recommended.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The USS Wyoming, like many other early dreadnought-type battleships, reaches a top speed of {{Annotation|21.0 kn|39 km/h;24.2 mph}}. While it is average for a battleship, cruisers and destroyers will easily beat her to objectives, and captains of Wyoming should not expect to be able to capture multiple objectives in most battles. Similarly, in the naval Enduring Confrontation mode, it will take Wyoming a considerable amount of time to cover distance compared to battlecruisers such as [[HMS Hood]] or the [[Scharnhorst]]. USS Wyoming will take about 40 seconds to steam to flank speed from a standstill, and around 1 minute to stop from flank. It takes Wyoming around 4 seconds to respond to rudder inputs, and the turning circle is mediocre for a 27,680-ton displacement battleship. Her speed will fall to 27 km/h (15 knots) while in a turn, and it is recommended for captains of Wyoming to plan their course well in advance, as she will not respond quickly nor is capable of avoiding terrain quickly.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|12 inch/50 Mk.7 (305 mm)}}

The USS Wyoming has 12 x {{Annotation|12-inch|305 mm}} cannons, split into 6 double mounts, two forward, two mid and two aft. The turrets have a reasonably quick traverse rate of 4°/second. This allows Wyoming to react to threats quicker, for example it takes USS Wyoming half the time to swing the guns around from one broadside to another as more heavily armed ships such as [[USS Arizona]] or [[HMS Hood]]. The tried and true double mount for the {{Annotation|12-inchers|305 mm}} means that USS Wyoming has a respectable reload of 28.18 seconds with a fully upgraded crew. This is slightly faster than the British ships armed with {{Annotation|12-inch|305 mm}} guns, and of course most of the ships armed with {{Annotation|13.5-inchers|343 mm}} and up. This can give a slight advantage in skirmishes between capital ships, though Captains should be mindful that the {{Annotation|305 mm|12-inch}} guns of the Imperial German ships will easily outpace the Wyoming's reload, with a 20 second reload with max crew level.

USS Wyoming has access to two shell types: the 12-inch CL.B HE, and the 12 inch Mk.15 APC. Wyoming gets access to no other type of shells, with the notable lack of SAP, similar to other American capital ships.

The Cl.B HE round has an explosive filler of 33.25 kg TNT eq, which puts the USS Wyoming firmly in the middle of the pack compared to {{Annotation|12-inch|305 mm}} battleships from other nations. With more filler than contemporary German and Italian battleships, but less than the Japanese and British, Wyoming will do appreciable damage to lightly-armoured ships such as destroyers and light cruisers, and the extra barrels in the broadside compared to the British in particular can allow more explosives to hit home. The HE shell begins to lack punch when fighting larger light cruisers and of course heavy cruisers, therefore the AP shell should be the shell of choice for these more heavily-armoured targets.

The AP shell has a substantial punch with 562 mm of pen at 1,000 m, but the filler of 11.11 kg is lacklustre. it is recommended for captains of USS Wyoming to prioritize destroying modules such as turrets, shell elevators and of course the enemy magazines, as the shell simply lacks the filler to do substantial damage to large numbers of crew like the high filler SAP shells that some other capital ships use in high rank naval battles. It is recommended to inspect commonly seen enemy ships and ascertain the position of the magazines to precisely aim at them in all engagements with enemy capital ships, as otherwise it can take many salvoes for Wyoming to whittle down the crew count of the enemy vessel. This shell is not suited for engaging lightly-armoured enemy vessels, as in the 0.035 seconds it takes after the fuse is activated for the shell to explode, the sheer velocity carried by the shells will usually carry them clean through smaller ships and then proceed to explode harmlessly in the open air. HE shells should be used to dispatch lightly-armoured vessels.

{{:12 inch/50 Mk.7 (305 mm)/Ammunition|12-inch Cl.B HE, 12 inch Mk.15 APC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/51 Mk.7 (127 mm)}}
USS Wyoming is equipped with 16 x {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} single mount casemate guns. They're positioned 8 per side, and this gives the Wyoming a maximum broadside of 8 guns as well. This provides supplementary fire, mostly effective against destroyers and coastal vessels, but with the possibility of some light damage against heavier opponents as well.

The guns have a maximum reload of 6.7 seconds when on ace crew, which combined with the healthy number of guns means that captains of USS Wyoming are capable of keeping a consistent stream of shells going downrange. The APC is the recommended shell, as it contains 10 grams less filler, but with much better penetration at all ranges. The slight decrease in post-penetration damage is more than made up for in the extra penetration, especially when the range opens up slightly, as even at 5 km the SAP shell may begin to struggle against the armour of later light cruisers.

{{:5 inch/51 Mk.7 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5-inch Mk.15 common, 5 inch APC}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|3-inch/50 Mk.10 (76 mm)}}

USS Wyoming gets access to a heavy AA battery of 8 {{Annotation|3-inch|76 mm}}/50 Mk.10 guns, arranged in single mounts 4 per side around the bridge amidships. USS Wyoming is in her 1927 refit, and as this is well before the advent of HE-VT shells, the {{Annotation|3-inchers|76 mm}} only gains access to time fused shells. It is recommended to upgrade "AAA gunner accuracy" and "Distance fuze set accuracy" crew skills to increase the efficacy of the AA battery. Once upgraded, captains can expect a steady flow of destroyed aircraft, usually against aircraft flying in a straight or predictable path. As Wyoming lacks any smaller 40 or 20 mm guns, aircraft taking evasive action are unlikely to be hit.

== Usage in battles ==

USS Wyoming is a respectable ship for her captains. She is well optimized for sinking lightly-armoured ships such as destroyers and light cruisers due to the volume of high explosive shells she can send downrange with her 12-gun broadside, and a concentrated salvo will quite often cause lightly armoured vessels to heel out of the battle line and quite often take on catastrophic amounts of water.

USS Wyoming is also quite competent when engaging enemy capital ships, as her longer barrels compared to [[USS North Dakota]] impart extra penetration to her armour-piercing shells, allowing her to engage most heavy enemy ships, although particular attention should be made to watch for more advanced vessels such as [[SMS Bayern]] or [[HMS Hood]], as these ships will be quite dangerous to captains of Wyoming.

It is recommended to avoid coming to very close range of enemy ships, as USS Wyoming uses a distributed armour scheme and has much lower levels of armour past the belt, allowing even heavy cruisers to penetrate at close ranges. Therefore captains of Wyoming should attempt to keep the range in their favour, only closing the range if there is low presence of enemy capital ships. Captains of Wyoming should also be wary of enemy torpedoes, as her manoeuvrability is a bit lacklustre, therefore a careful eye should be kept for torpedo trails and preemptive action taken. It may be tempting to rely on the torpedo protection, but that should be a final measure rather than the go-to.

USS Wyoming serves as a reasonably strong battleship for the United States bluewater fleet, with good penetration and slightly above average rate of fire, along with substantial protection, especially as one of the earliest battleships in-game.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Large main battery of 12 guns housed in six turrets
* Can easily fire full broadside
* Great secondary battery
* Great all-around protection around her citadel, practically immune to cruisers and some battleships while at range

'''Cons:'''

* Slow and sluggish, as with the other dreadnoughts
* Lacks coal bunkers for extra internal armour
* Mediocre AA capability compared to later refit ships
* Only has access to HE and AP shells, no semi-armour-piercing.
* Lower calibre guns compared to the super-dreadnoughts

== History ==

[[File:USSWyoming 1930.jpg|300px|thumb|right|USS ''Wyoming'' (BB-32) underway, 1930. She would be demilitarized a year later.]]
USS ''Wyoming'' (BB-32) was the lead ship of the ''Wyoming''-class battleship of the United States Navy. Her design is an improvement over the previous ''Florida'' class, featuring an additional main turret and being the first American battleship to utilize torpedo bulkheads. Her class is the only American battleship to feature six main turrets and were the last to be armed with 12-inch (305 mm) guns. ''Wyoming'' served in both world wars, first as a battleship in World War I, then as a training ship in World War II, before being scrapped in 1947.

=== Construction and World War I services ===
''Wyoming'' was laid down at the William Cramp & Sons shipyard in Philadelphia on February 9, 1910 and launched on May 25, 1911. She was then completed and commissioned on September 25, 1912. During this time, ''Wyoming'' was assigned to Battleship Division 9 and conducted various trainings in and around the Caribbean.

After the United States entered World War I in 1917, ''Wyoming'' sailed east to join the British Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow. The first wartime mission undertaken by ''Wyoming'' was on February 6, 1918, in which the battleship was to escort a convey to Stavanger, Norway. The mission was a success, apart from the false alarm of German U-boats. ''Wyoming'' patrolled in the North Sea for the next few months, watching for a sortie by the German High Seas Fleet. On June 30, ''Wyoming'' and the rest of the 6th Battle Squadron conducted a minelaying operation in the North Sea until July 2. In December of the same year, the USS ''Wyoming'' was carrying Woodrow Wilson to the peace negotiations in Paris.

=== Interwar years and conversion into training ship ===
A year after the war ended in 1919, ''Wyoming'' underwent her first overhaul to remove some unnecessary 5-inch (127 mm) mounts. During the 1920s, ''Wyoming'' underwent two modernization overhauls, first between 1925-26 to install a 3-inch (76 mm) anti-air suite and reinforce her deck armour, then again in late 1926-27 to replace her coal-fired boilers with an oil-fired boiler (leftover from ships cancelled after the Washington Naval Treaty), an addition of torpedo bulges, and a sea plane catapult on her midship turret.

In 1931, ''Wyoming'' was demilitarized and converted into a training ship in accordance with the London Naval Treaty. During this conversion, half of her main turrets along with her belt armour and torpedo bulge were removed. She later received the new designation AG-17 and primarily served as an gunnery training ship prior to World War II.

=== World War II and aftermath ===
[[File:USS Wyoming (AG-17) after 1945 refit.jpg|300px|thumb|left|USS ''Wyoming'' (AG-17) after her final refit, 1945. Note an asymmetrical fire control system flanking her bridge.]]
When the United States became involved in World War II, the US Navy considered reverting ''Wyoming'' back to its former battleship state, though they later decided against the plan after reconsidering the ship's usefulness as an anti-air gunnery trainer. During the war, ''Wyoming'' would receive several refits to better accommodate her role as an anti-air training ship.

Her first refit was completed around 1942, there all of her remaining 5-inch sponson guns were replaced with various newer 5-inch Mk.12 dual-purpose guns in various configurations (four single open mounts, two single enclosed mounts, and one twin mount). Her second refit was completed in 1944, replacing all of her remaining 12-inch turrets with dual-mount 5-inch turrets. She also received several minor refits throughout this period, including the addition of a target drone catapult, a large number of Bofors and Oerlikon autocannons in various mounts, and various fire control systems.

During her wartime career between 1942 - 1945, she trained over 35,000 gunners and officers, and fired over 1,700,000 rounds of ammunition of all types - the largest amount fired from any US warship at that time. She was nicknamed "Chesapeake Raider" by her crew due to primarily sailing in and out of the Chesapeake Bay during her gunnery session. Other than her training duties, ''Wyoming'' was also used as a testing ground for new technology (such as new fire control systems). One of the last group of her crew were then-Ensign Jimmy Carter, the future President of the United States, who came on board in summer of 1946.

USS ''Wyoming'' was decommissioned following the end of the war on August 1, 1946. Her crew were transferred to USS ''Mississippi'' (AG-128), another battleship that was converted for anti-air training and experimental purposes, and she was sold for scrap on October 30, 1947.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_battleship_wyoming_class Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7185-development-uss-wyoming-bb-32-high-calibre-romance-en|[Devblog] USS Wyoming (BB-32): high calibre romance]]
* [https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/w/wyoming-iii.html Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships's entry of the USS Wyoming (BB-32/AG-17)]

{{ShipManufacturer William Cramp & Sons}}
{{USA battleships}}

MQ-1

2023-06-25T21:45:38Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ucav_mq_1_predator
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is an American strike UCAV (Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle), developed by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems. Developed from the General Atomics Gnat 750, the "Predator" as the MQ-1 was named, would go on to serve in many conflicts around the world, including in Bosnia, Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya, to name a few. It served extensively from 1995 until 2018, after which it was replaced by the MQ-9 "Reaper".

The predator was introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]]. All nations besides Russia and China gain access to this vehicle to spawn for 750 spawn points; this is not a researchable vehicle. This vehicle is useful in cases where other CAS is unavailable or unable to be used, for example in night battles. With 2 hellfires, the arsenal is limited, though the drone can be useful to locate enemy vehicles once dry of missiles, with the excellent zoom and thermals.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 1,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 220 || 220 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.0 || 22.0 || 2.5 || 2.5 || 250
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 390  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AGM-114K Hellfire II}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 2 x AGM-114K Hellfire II missiles

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High altitude spawn, above most radars at its battle rating
* The Hellfire missiles are accurate and have a long range
* Can carry a lot of fuel

'''Cons:'''

* Limited payload, only two missiles
* Slow

== History ==


The MQ-1 Predator was introduced to the US on 1 July 1995 and developed by General Atomics to be a observational and attack aircraft which could be remotely controlled over long distances. This would mean there would be no danger to the pilot since there wasn't a pilot. It saw numerous deployments, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bosnia, Yugoslavia, Iraq, Yemen, Libyan civil war, Syria, and Somalia. It was retired from the USAF on 9 March 2018 in favour of the more capable and heavier MQ-9 Reaper.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:General_Atomics_MQ-1_Predator|[Wikipedia] General Atomics MQ-1 Predator]]

{{AirManufacturer General Atomics}}
{{Strike UCAVs}}

USS Fargo

2023-06-25T21:06:38Z

U40820515: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_cruiser_fargo_class
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the lead ship of the Fargo-class of light cruisers, a sub class of the [[USS Cleveland|Cleveland-class]] of light cruisers. Laid down in 1943, she wouldn't enter service until December 1945, missing action in World War 2. She served in the Mediterranean fleet after the war, notably serving as flagship for one month of her stint. She was placed in reserve in February 1950, with less than 5 years of service to her name.

Introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]], Fargo is a slight upgrade to the earlier Cleveland. The main advantage is a rearranged superstructure, which gives better coverage for the secondary and anti-aircraft battery. As she was designed late in the war, her anti-aircraft battery is prodigious, with both 40mm and 20mm guns covering all angles of the ship. This stronger secondary and anti-aircraft battery comes at the cost of one main calibre turret compared to the [[Brooklyn (Family)|Brooklyn-class]]. With a fire rate of 10 rounds per minute (6 seconds), she performs well against cruisers and destroyers.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Fargo class, as a later evolution of the Cleveland-class light cruiser, has a very similar armour layout to the earlier [[USS Cleveland]]. USS Fargo is well armoured for a light cruiser, with a {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} plate angled at 7° to increase effectiveness. This plate, though thin, covers the area from the waterline to the top of the machinery spaces and is resistant to {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} fire at typical engagement ranges, and is almost immune to {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}} fire from nearly all ranges. Below the waterline this drops to a {{Annotation|3.25-inch|82.55 mm}} plate, with fuel tanks behind to absorb any shells which manage to pierce the armour below the waterline.

USS Fargo has no access to torpedo protection; this leaves her only torpedo protection as internal bulkheads and the fuel tanks lining the sides of the ship. It is recommended to attempt to avoid torpedoes at all costs, though if a hit is inevitable it is preferable to take the hit amidships, where the fuel tanks have the most coverage.

The armoured deck covering the machinery spaces and citadel has a thickness of {{Annotation|2 inches|50.8 mm}}, as well as the sides of the citadel below the waterline. The turrets are well armoured for a light cruiser, with a face of {{Annotation|6.5 inches|165.1 mm}} angled at 27° making it effective against {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} and lower calibre guns, with the possibility of deflecting some {{Annotation|8-inch|203 mm}} shells at long ranges. The sides and top of the turrets have {{Annotation|3 inches|76.2 mm}} of armour, and the rear only {{Annotation|1.5 inches|38 mm}}. It is recommended to keep the rear of the turrets hidden, as even the 40 mm Bofors can penetrate the rear at close ranges. The turret barbettes have {{Annotation|6 inches|152.4 mm}} of armour, and these lead all the way down to the magazines.

The magazines are placed far down in the ship well below the waterline, above fuel tanks in the bow and between them in the stern. These are very unlikely to be hit by enemy shells in these positions, but captains should be vigilant in preventing a torpedo strike in these two areas, as any torpedo hit will easily be fatal to the ship, especially in the bow with no fuel tanks to cushion the blast on either side.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The USS Fargo makes a top speed of {{Annotation|32.4 kn|60 km/h;37.2 mph}} once upgraded, the same as the earlier [[USS Cleveland]]. As with other American cruisers, this gives Fargo the capability to take objectives and crucial areas of the map that slower cruisers, and of course battleships, may not be capable of. It takes approximately 38 seconds to reach flank speed, and Fargo will halt from flank in roughly 1 minute. The rudder takes about 2 seconds to respond, and as Fargo uses a single rudder design, the turning circle is fairly wide. Captains are advised to avoid terrain where sharp turns are necessary, as USS Fargo may be unable to perform such manoeuvres without running aground. Speed will fall to {{Annotation|23 kn|42 km/h;26 mph}} in a sustained turn; this will make Fargo a much easier target and captains are advised to avoid prolonged, aggressive manoeuvres as this will drain vital speed.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|6 inch/47 Mk.16 (152 mm)}}

USS Fargo has 12 x {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} guns as her main battery, split into 4 x triple turrets, mounted 2 fore and 2 aft. The gun mounts have a horizontal targeting speed of 10° per second, which is very quick for a cruiser and better even than some destroyers. This gives Fargo quick reaction times against unexpected threats and allows her to perform well in close quarters engagements. The reload time is excellent at 6 seconds with an aced crew, like other American {{Annotation|6-inch|152 mm}} armed ships like the preceding [[USS Cleveland]]. This fast reload rate allows Fargo to quickly send large quantities of shells downrange from her main battery.

USS Fargo has access to 4 types of shells: the HE round Mk.34 HC, the APCBC round Mk. 35 AP, the HE round Mk.34 HC (base fuse) and the HE-VT round Mk.34 HC-VT. She has no access to SAP unlike other cruisers of her rank.

The HE round Mk.34 HC serves as the stock round for the USS Fargo, and the high filler of 5.88 kg TNTeq will do appreciable damage, especially in the high quantities the fast fire rate and plentiful guns allow. This shell will easily dispatch destroyers and lightly-armoured light cruisers, but begins to have a more difficult time against late war light cruisers with improved armour and of course, heavy cruisers and battleships. Against capital ships the shell will be ineffective, but capable of destroying AA and secondary mounts and setting fire to the superstructure. The HE round Mk.34 HC (base fuse) and the HE-VT round Mk.34 HC-VT are the same shell but with different fuses, hence the names.

The Mk.34 HC (base fuse) has the fuse at the bottom of the shell instead of in the nose, which allows it to penetrate into the armour before exploding. This gives it a small amount of extra penetration with the same filler. The Mk.34 HC-VT has a proximity fuse, allowing it to detonate when close to enemy aircraft and serve as long range AA fire to supplement the AA battery. This is the primary HE round recommended for use, as it functions identically to the normal Mk.34 shell while being able to destroy aircraft, and the slight extra penetration of the base fuse shell is not typically helpful.

The final shell is the APCBC round Mk.35 AP, the primary shell for use against more heavily-armoured targets like the [[Prinz Eugen]] which are commonly seen. The shell has good penetration, but is slightly lacking in filler for its calibre. This is made up for with the heavy volumes of fire the quick reload rate allows, and captains can expect quick damage to internal components and crew, oftentimes leaving enemy captains with little or no time to retaliate if caught off guard. It is recommended to aim for magazines if possible due to the low quantities of filler in the shells, though it's not a major concern with the sufficient rate of fire.

{{:6 inch/47 Mk.16 (152 mm)/Ammunition|6 inch Mk.34 HC, 6 inch Mk.35 AP, 6 inch Mk.34 HC (base fuze), 6 inch Mk.34 HC-VT}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

USS Fargo's secondary battery consists of 12 x {{Annotation|5-inch|127mm}}/38 guns, mounted in 6 twin turrets. These are positioned with one each fore and aft of the superstructure, and 4 more positioned in wing-mounted pairs, port and starboard of the bridge and superstructure. This gives an 8 gun broadside for the secondary battery, with the full 12 being available only for enemy aircraft high above the ship. These guns will already be familiar to captains, as they make up the primary battery of most destroyers in the American bluewater fleet. The guns have excellent rate of fire and high traverse speeds, and as they are designed to be dual purpose, they work well against both air and surface targets.

The AAC Mk.34 serves as the stock shell, a basic HE shell with 3.22 kg TNTe. This will work well against vessels with little or no armour such as early destroyers or PT boats, but for high rank destroyers and cruisers, the SP Common is recommended. The SP Common shell works well against destroyers and light cruisers, being able to penetrate their armour at battle range and the 906.5 g TNTe will do appreciable damage upon penetration. The final shell is the Mk.31 AAVT shell, with the same filler as the HE shell but with a proximity fuse. This is the multipurpose shell of choice, as it is both excellent for destroying aircraft, with a 23 m trigger radius, and performs identically to the HE shell against lightly armoured targets. It is recommended for captains of USS Fargo to run a mixture of AAVT and SP Common shells to allow for rapid response to differing threats.

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 1 (40 mm)|Bofors L/60 Mark 2 (40 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mark V (20 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_cruiser_fargo_class Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA light cruisers}}