War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Object 906

2021-06-01T05:50:20Z

U37697836: /* Ammo racks */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_object_906
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]]. Combining a similar gun to the [[ASU-85]] on a turreted device and mobility from the [[PT-76B]], Object 906 is a perfect flanker.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Alloy ABT-101 (Hull)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Turret)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 20 mm (77-79°) ''Front glacis'' 30 mm (54-69°) ''Lower glacis'' 20 mm (41-43°) ''Driver's port'' || 30 mm ''Top'' 25 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm ''Top'' 12 mm (40-67°) ''Bottom'' || 12 mm
|-
| Turret || 15 mm (4-50°) ''Turret front'' 25 mm (0-80°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 15 mm (41-49°) ''Front'' 8 mm (22-39°) ''Rear'' || 8 mm (19°) 8 mm (64-83°) ''Turret underside'' || 8 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour and hull underside above the tracks are 8 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=465|rbMinHp=265}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|D-58 (85 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[D-58 (85 mm)|85 mm D-58]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 19.0 || 26.4 || 32.0 || 35.4 || 37.7 || rowspan="2" | 4.30 || rowspan="2" | 4.30 || rowspan="2" | 4.30 || rowspan="2" | 4.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| BR-372 || APCBC || 245 || 242 || 230 || 216 || 202 || 190
|-
| 3BK7 || HEATFS || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300
|-
| OF-372 || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| BR-372 || APCBC || 1,040 || 9.3 || 1.2 || 14 || 77 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| 3BK7 || HEATFS || 925 || 7.22 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,440 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OF-372 || HE || 1,010 || 9.66 || 0 || 0.1 || 740 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

[[File:Obj906 Ammo-rack (2.5).jpg|thumb|[[Ammo racks]] of Object 906]]

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
!6th
rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 36 (+4) ||33(+7)||28(+12)||22(+18)||16(+24)
|1(+39)||No
|-
|}

* If carry full ammunition of 40 round, the first round will be pre-loaded into the cannon resulting the 1st ammo rack having 1 less shell in the game than in garage.
* The 6th ammo rack is the first stage ammo stowage, which is mechanized ammo rack. All other ammo racks have to be load into the first stage ammo storage first to be loaded into the cannon.
* Take 16 shots to clear hull ammo rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

As with every other light tank, this vehicle should be handled with caution on the battlefield since any enemy the 906 encounters can penetrate it. Use its awesome mobility and good, stabilized gun to provide a nasty surprise to the enemy from unexpected spots. Whether by river, lake, ocean, the 906 can navigate through all bodies of water within the limit of the battlefield. This tank is best used as a flanker, shooting on the move, reloading in the dark, popping up behind another hill to take another moving shot, this is a ninja tank.

For your ammo loadout: Take 20 shells in total, this removes the ammo rack at the back of your turret. Take more if you want to boost yourself by firing your gun to the opposite side of where you are driving. Two-thirds APHE and one-third HEAT-FS is recommended. Warning: with its 4.3 seconds reload though, taking less ammo puts you at risk of running out.

;Combat tactics

'''Flanker''' 
Never fight an enemy head-on since the 906 will have to aim for the enemy's weak spots before firing while they don't have to worry about the same precision. Surprise is the 906's greatest advantage. Use the Object 906's great speed to take strange, curvy, distant paths to snipe the enemy from the rear/side early in the game. Do not forget to change cover often (every 2-3 shots) since those enemies can respawn and go straight towards the original firing position with its front armour towards it, resulting in much more difficult shots. In this case, use the 906's speed to fall back behind much more armoured allies and look at the map to see where allies may need help/where an enemy has been holding out for long.

When flanking, unlike many other tanks: show the side armour. Since the armour cannot block any shot at this BR, speed is the Object 906's best option, just evade the shots and slow down solely to shoot at the enemy. In the occurrence, the tank gets hit, keep in mind that this lengthy vehicle makes APDS and HEAT rounds ineffective since they often pass straight through, such shot from the front could incapacitate all three crew members. Taking shots from the sides "isolates" each module for non-HE shells in such a way that they will only incapacitate one part of the tank at the time: the driver, the gunner or the engine. If the engine or driver gets shot, the inertia will often drag the 906 out of sights from the enemy. If the gunner gets shot, the 906 can still move behind cover to hide, the lack of gunner would then prevent the player from exposing the tank in an area the enemy knows is there. Just like a ninja, after taking a shot: hide, repair, reevaluate the situation, then move out to cause more havoc from unsuspecting locations.

If an aircraft is aware of your presence search cover or hide in a treeline, '''Do not''' give away your exact location to the aircraft by firing at it. Putting bushes on top of your tank is a good idea.

'''Rush'''

One may be tempted to charge and capture the point for the team at the beginning of a game. In such a case, a cooperative team is necessary since the 906 cannot hold the point all by its lonesome. When capturing the point, turn the engine deck towards the enemy. This tactic can actually save the 906 from hasty shots to the hull without hindering the gun arc, though this will cause engine fires which can lead to a burning end if not handled quickly. In this case, take a shot at the now vulnerable foe and then use the FPE item to extinguish the fire. If the point gets swarmed by enemies, fall back and wait for allies to regroup for a counter-attack.

'''Decoy'''

Another unusual tactic is to attract enemy players' focu to the 906's location. Use the amphibious capability and other great mobility features to put the 906 in a tricky position to reach for a non-floating/non-flying enemy (often down a cliff, beside/in the water) in such a way that some players will fall into the trap of trying to reach the 906 through methods that expose their sides to allies or falling into the water. This tactic is very situational and is not a method that should be prioritized over any other tactics. It may not win battles, but it could destroy a few enemies, reducing the number of enemies threatening the overall allied team.

;Tank Assault

The Object 906 is a very capable tank in Tank Assault gamemode, largely due to its very fast reload rate, and extremely low cost (almost 4 times cheaper than MBTs / medium tanks). Since the AIs in Tank Assault don't try to angle their armour or present their front, their sides are very often exposed, which allows the Object 906 to quickly rack up kills. You should aim to take a position where you are covered from most sides except the direction where you are shooting, but you shouldn't worry about dying, at all.

Generally, your role should be taken as the set-up/clean-up tank. You will often track or set enemies on fire, which makes them easy to pick-off for your team, or your armour-piercing shell with high explosives will cleanly one-shot the tank. With that shell, you can also clear out any stationary AIs, even if they are at a slight angle. Remember that top-tier vehicle (Abrams, Challengers etc.) have almost no lower side armour, and you can often penetrate and kill those tanks from the side at angles up to (almost) 60°.

;Notable enemies

Any tank is a threat that should be avoided, flanked, and destroyed. However, some tanks are impervious to these tactics:

The [[Maus]] has thick flanks at nearly 200 mm that can absorb any shots if angled properly. Do not shoot at it since it will only bring this behemoth to turn itself against the 906 (in this case, just withdraw from its firing arc). Still, it can be defeated in a manner like mammoth hunting: wait until the target gets isolated and encircle it, then shoot it on the sides, in the rear of the hull and always try to be out of its line of sight.

[[T95]] (otherwise known as "Doom turtle") should not be engaged. Its good all-around bouncy armour will defeat most shots even from the Object 906 will take on the move. To defeat it, take some height at its flank and aim carefully, otherwise, it will just drag its attention. This worthy opponent has a very fast hull turning rate, turning it into an impervious wall even towards any adversary, including the 906 if it notices it. Engage only if necessary.

With the [[Tortoise]], the same caution is advised but it is way easier to flank since its side armour is flat.

Be cautious while aiming at [[IS-3]], [[IS-4M]] and [[T-10M]] since their sides can bounce the 85 mm shots.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Hard-hitting 85 mm even in Rank V matches
* Has an autoloader, meaning that
** A high "Weapon Reload" skill on its crew isn't needed
** The gun will be reloaded while extinguishing a fire
** Injured crew won't slow its reload rate
* Comes with an APHE standard shot - easily capable of one-shotting tanks from the side
* The unlockable HEAT-FS shell lets the 906 comfortably fight while uptiered
* Two-plane stabilized gun enables to fire on the move on almost any terrain
* Amphibious capability lets you move around maps with bodies of water more easily - rivers can also be easily crossed
* Absurdly fast reverse speed, up to -45 kph

'''Cons:'''

* Virtually no armour
* Only 3 crewmen allows little loss
* Turret bustle is "armoured" with only 8 mm, heavy machine guns can easily penetrate and detonate the ammunition in the autoloader
* Turret front is vulnerable to HMG at short distances
* Prone to destruction by overpressure
* Stock experience is horrible
** Mobility and accuracy are bad until relevant upgrades are researched and bought
* Awful gun depression of -5°
* Two-plane stabilizer becomes ineffective at speeds above 35-40 kph, especially on rough terrain

== History ==

The success of the [[PT-76B|PT-76]] amphibious tank prompted the development of a successor with improved characteristics on the battlefield. The PT-76 chassis was taken up by the Stalingrad Tractor Factory in 1962 to be improved.<ref name="Russianprototype">Preserved Tanks, ''Light Tank Development Prototype''</ref> The vehicle was given the project name '''Object 906'''. Two were produced and tested between 1962-1963, each armed with an 85 mm cannon and also implemented the newer technology such as gun stabilization, auto-loader, and a welded aluminium armour for weight-saving.<ref name="WT906">War Thunder, ''Object 906: River Mosquito''</ref> The design proved reliable with a 300 hp engine and could reach a top speed of 75 km/h. Had it been adopted, the Object 906 would've been given the name PT-85, but the vehicle design never left the prototype stages and consequently never adopted. A single prototype still exists in Kubinka Tank Museum.

The Object 906 should not be confused by another project of the same name and purpose to upgrade the PT-76, though this one had a 90 mm D-62 gun and never left the drawing boards<ref name="Russianprototype" />. There was also a separate PT-85 that also had a PT-76 chassis with an 85 mm gun, though this model had a cast turret.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=ussr_object_906 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Fjh-tTr6TPs|'''Best Combo #2''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:27 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|SJoW-2_6J6o|'''Amphibious tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:38 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|GoXrA91hUSk|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|CNyryM-9g7g|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Tank Review - Frantic Biting''' - ''Napalmratte''|UDvzWT2BSg4|'''The Shooting Range #28''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:44 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[PT-76B]] / [[PT-76 (China)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Object 685]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4351-development-object-906-river-mosquito-en|[Devblog] Object 906: River Mosquito]]

===References===
<references />

{{USSR light tanks}}

OF-40 (MTCA)

2021-03-08T06:22:29Z

U37697836: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_of_40_mtca
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=6880
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The OF-40 (MTCA) has very little in the way of armour - effectively identical to both OF-40 models in the tech tree - with just enough to protect its crew from most frontal attacks from light autocannons - however even then the turret ring and some other small weak spots are reasonably vulnerable. Despite this, the OF-40's steep constructional angles may on occasion bounce even APFSDS rounds, while the (minimalist) spaced armour in the turret may absorb some less-powerful chemical rounds. Regardless, the safest approach is to avoid enemy fire whenever possible.

The OF-40's survivability is comparable to the [[Leopard A1A1 (L/44)]], as most of the vehicle's ammunition is stored in the hull adjacent to the driver, with a small portion of the ammunition being placed in primary stowage below the loader. The unfortunate result is that almost any hull penetration in the front half of the vehicle is liable to destroy ammunition with a high chance of detonation. Additionally, the turret crew are very poorly spaced and a well-placed round can easily knock out the entire crew simultaneously.

The result of the lack of survivability and armour is that the OF-40 (MTCA) is not viable as a front-line MBT, but rather should be played in flanking or sniping roles.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled Homogeneous Armour - Hull and Turret
* High Hardness Rolled Armour - Turret
* Rubber-Fabric Screens - Sideskirts

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|70 mm (68°) ''Upper Glacis''
50 mm (50°) ''Lower Glacis''
|35 mm ''Upper Crew Compartment''
25 mm ''Upper Engine Compartment''

30 mm ''Lower''
|25 mm
|15 - 30 mm
|-
|Turret
|30 - 68 mm (Various Angles) ''Turret front''
30 mm (~58°) + 45 mm (Curved) ''Gun mantlet''
|Spaced: 30 mm + 80 mm air + 35 mm ''Forward''
Spaced: 12 mm + 120 mm + 35 mm ''Rearward''
|30 mm
|20 - 40 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The turret sides use spaced armour, and are therefore stronger than they appear in the armour viewer.
* Beneath the angled outer portion of the gun mantlet is a curved 45 mm plate.
* There are 10 mm rubber-fabric screens protecting the upper suspension.
* The rear of the turret has 5 mm of structural steel in addition to the base armour.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,550|rbMinHp=884}}

The OF-40 (MTCA) has an improved engine over its tech tree predecessors, offering its driver a notably improved power-to-weight ratio of 23.26 hp/ton (RB, spaded), relative to the [[OF-40 Mk.2A|Mk.2A]]'s 19.3. This is a significant improvement that is easily noticeable, and the MTCA comfortably displays better mobility characteristics than most of its contemporaries.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)|105 mm OTO Melara 105/52]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 61 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 52.7 || 64.0 || 70.8 || 75.3 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.0 || 34.0 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M392A2 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M392A2 || APDS || 1,478 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
<gallery mode="packed" heights="300">
File:Ammoracks OF-40 Mk.2a (1).jpg|Ammoracks 1-9
File:Ammoracks OF-40 Mk.2a (2).png|Ammoracks 10-12
</gallery>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''61''' || 55 ''(+6)'' || 54 ''(+7)'' || 47 ''(+14)'' || 46 ''(+15)'' || 39 ''(+22)'' || 38 ''(+23)'' || 31 ''(+30)'' || 30 ''(+31)'' || 23 ''(+38)'' || 20 ''(+41)'' || 16 ''(+45)'' || 1 ''(+60)'' || No
|}'''Notes:'''

*Racks 11 and 12 are first stage ammo racks, meaning they will deplete when shots are fired but will then replenish from the other racks in the order from 1-9. Rack 11 depletes before rack 12, which is the last rack to deplete.


=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,080 (200) || 576 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
With an upgraded 1000hp engine, even though not as good as what [[XM-1 (GM)|XM-1]] has, OF-40 MTCA is still much maneuverable than the rest of the [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1 family]]. If you have experienced in [[XM-1 (GM)|XM-1]], [[TAM]] or any other third generation main battle tanks, OF-40 MTCA should feel familiar to you. OF-40 MTCA will get you to a better position than the rest of the tanks if not in an uptier situation.

The main weaponry on this tank is same as the [[Leopard (Family)|Leopard family]]. Since it's a premium vehicle, you should have it fully unlocked once purchased. DM23 APFSDS shells are recommended for all purposes while you should also carry several M456 HEATFS and M416 smoke shells just in case.

The armor is not upgraded from the rest of OF-40 family. Although the OF-40 family have spaced armor all around the turret, you as the commander will not want to use this feature. While it is significantly more effective than the Leopard 1s, but all main battle tanks can still penetrate you from all angles with ease using kinetic energy shells. Also the hull of the tank is as fragile as other Leopards, which is another reason why you don't want to take a shot.

Although OF-40 MTCA have night vision devices, but it lacks thermal sights for both gunner and commander. Commander of this vehicle will require a better vision seeking enemies. You might want to get in covers such as bushes and buildings first before open fire. '''Avoid sitting in the opening at all time, always get in cover after shooting'''.

In summary, OF-40 MTCA is a mixture of OF-40 MK. 2 the main battle tank and TAM the light tank. It is a great tank in mobility and fire power, and it is great to farm the Italian tech tree. However, lacking armor and thermal camera limit its usage on certain maps around opening areas.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* One of the most mobile and speedy main battle tanks of its rank; notably more mobile than the Leopard A1A1 and L/44.
* Great gun handling - vertical and horizontal turret/gun speeds are some of the best
* Laser rangefinder and excellent optics permit easy sniping and long-range shots
* Plentiful selection of ammo; APDS, APFSDS, HESH, HEATFS, and smoke shells, handy for marking enemies or blocking their line of sight
* Spaced turret armour can save you from some autocannon fire, the front and sides are immune to HESH, and AP shot can bounce if angled
* 12.7 mm (.50 cal) commander's roof gun with 1,080 round ammo count is great for disabling light vehicles and fending off harassing planes and helicopters

'''Cons:'''

* Rather large profile; the turret is quite large while peeking over a hilltop or ridgeline (although it can bounce shots; see above)
* Low ready rack capacity (19+1); if carrying more than 20 shells, the spare rounds are placed next to the driver in the lightly armoured hull
* Not having thermals at 9.0 limits its potential in night battles as most of the opposition has access to thermals

== History ==


The United Arab Emirates was the only operator of the OF-40, receiving 18 OF-40 Mk.1 tanks and later 18 more OF-40 Mk.2 tanks; the original 18 Mk.1 vehicles were also upgraded to the OF-40 Mk.2 standard. The UAE was unhappy with the mobility characteristics of their OF-40s, so Fiat offered them two options. They could have the engine replaced with a Fiat MTCA V-12 1,000 hp engine, or they could have the existing engine uprated to 950 hp. It would seem that neither option was ever retrofitted onto the UAE's OF-40 Mk.2 tanks.

== Media ==
'''Skins'''

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/ Skins and camouflages for the OF-40 MTCA from live.warthunder.com]

== See also ==

* [[OF-40]]
* [[OF-40 Mk.2A]]
* [[OF-40 (Family)|OF-40 Family]]
* [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1 Family]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6201-shop-of-40-mk-2-mtca-pre-order-en|[Shop] OF-40 Mk.2 MTCA pre-order]]

{{Italy medium tanks}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

KV-220

2021-02-01T05:26:11Z

U37697836: Survivability, mobility, main armament, history

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_kv_220
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=KV-220
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.61 "Road to Glory"]] in the "[[Operation S.U.M.M.E.R.]]" event of [[wt:en/news/4151-special-operation-s-u-m-m-e-r-updated-03-08-2016-en/|2016]] that lasted from 22 July to 22 August, unlocked after obtaining 36 tanker Marks of Distinction.

The KV-220 is played almost like the previous KV iterations in the Soviet heavy tank line-up. The great improvement over the predecessors is the improved all-around armour to 100 mm, meaning that the tank can angle its hull with more confidence without revealing a side weak point or the such. The great armour, decent mobility, and adequate gun gives the KV-220 a diverse role to play in, from a short-range brawler, a support tank, and a long-range sniper.

The KV-220 is quite a heavy tank of its own caliber. With 100 mm of armour all around the hull and turret, the angling of the hull can be done to maximize both front and side armour without worry of exposing weak points. Not to mention for its weight, the KV-220 is quite agile. While the 85 mm gun is powerful by its own remarks, it is inferior to the same 85 mm gun that is on the [[IS-1]] that shares the same BR as the KV-220. This is because the 85 mm on the IS has access to the more potent BR-365A and APCR shells. Thus, the KV-220 provides a heavy tank with an impressive arrangement of armour with decent mobility, but with a gun that may feel lacking in the battlefield against other heavy tanks.

There is one frontal weak point on the KV-220, and that is the gun mantlet. Not that the gun mantlet area is easy to penetrate, but that it curves downwards on the lower end of the shape. This presents a shot trap able to be exploited by any gun to ricochet a round off that and into the hull roof, which is only 30 mm thick. Do note this when facing an enemy taking aim at the tank.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Commander's cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 100 mm (30°) ''Front Plate'' 80 mm (70°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (26°) ''Lower glacis'' || 100 mm || 60 mm (8-72°) ''Upper'' 100 mm (19°) ''Lower'' || 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 100 mm ''Turret front'' 90 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 100 mm || 100 mm || 40 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 130 mm || 30 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 30 mm thick
* Unlike most other Soviet heavy tanks, KV-220 have a crew of 6

The KV-220 has one of the best armor in it's tier. While on paper it's just like German Tiger tank, but in reality it can withstand much more opponents than the tiger. The front has 30 degree slope that makes the armor even thicker. The sides of the turret and hull are also 100 mm, makes KV-220 invulnerable when facing enemy with 45 degrees angle. Due to the all around 100 mm armor, KV-220 is invulnerable to all SPAA it might see from all directions.

KV-220 have a crew of 6, making it harder to kill. The side of the hull is also protected with fuel tanks which can absorb large amount of damage.

The only weak spot is the gun mantle which is 90 mm thick. Penetrate this part of armor front the front is more promising than other parts when facing the KV-220. The gun mantle is more flat compare to other parts, especially when the KV-220 is angled. It will also disable the cannon breech right after the gun mantle.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,097|rbMinHp=752}}KV-220 have a power-to-weight ratio of 13.6. But surprisingly the mobility of this tank is quite good despite the 62.7 ton of weight. The diesel engine has greater torque at lower RPM than similar gasoline engines, providing KV-220 great acceleration and higher cruise speed but lower top speed. Even it has lower top speed, the KV-220 can cruising with its top speed. Due to the great mobility in its class, the KV-220 can arrive the front line with the mediums, holding better positions than the late-comers. Despite the good speed, its turn rate is relatively low.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|F-30 (85 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[F-30 (85 mm)|85 mm F-30]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 91 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+23° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.71 || 13.44 || 16.32 || 18.05 || 19.20 || rowspan="2" | 9.62 || rowspan="2" | 8.51 || rowspan="2" | 7.84 || rowspan="2" | 7.40
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.14 || 8.40 || 10.20 || 11.28 || 12.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| BR-365A || APHEBC || 135 || 133 || 125 || 115 || 106 || 97
|-
| O-365K || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| BR-365A || APHEBC || 792 || 9.2 || 1.2 || 14 || 164 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| O-365K || HE || 793 || 9.54 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 660 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''91''' || 87 ''(+4)'' || 82 ''(+9)'' || 77 ''(+14)'' || 45 ''(+46)'' || 1 ''(+90)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,890 (63) || 600 || -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
| Coaxial || 1,890 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
The KV-220 carries a 85 mm F-30 cannon which should be familiar if you plays the T-34-85. The firepower is not as good as the 122 mm D-25T cannon installed on IS-2 in the similar BR, but the F-30 cannon have much better fire rate--almost three times faster. The KV-220 also have a good gun depression of -6 degrees when comparing to other soviet heavy tanks. Despite the good firing rate and relative good gun depression angle, the F-30 cannon is still not as good as other cannons installed on heavy tanks in the similar BR. Try to treat the KV-220 as a medium tank with heavy armor rather a one-shot-kill heavy.

There is a coaxial 7.62 mm DT machine gun and another one installed in the commander's cupola. The usage of these machine guns is relative limited due to the small caliber. You may use the DT machine gun on commander cupola against air targets. You may get a hit if you are lucky. In most cases the machine guns are used to check if the target in the front still alive or not.

== Usage in battles ==

'''Fighting tanks'''

* Tiger I [[Tiger H1|H1]]/[[Tiger E|E]] - They are usually very easy to destroy and protecting the KV-220 is easy with the right angle of armour, but one mistake and the 88 mm guns can eliminate the KV-220.
* [[M18 GMC|M18 Hellcat]] - Very fast and manoeuvrable. Do not let them flank, if they get onto the sides, they will be able to penetrate. Try to shoot them from a distance.
* Tiger II ([[Tiger II (P)|P]]/[[Tiger II (H)|H]]) - They are better than the KV-220 in every aspect. Try to avoid them and shoot them in their side.
* [[Pz.Bfw.VI_(P)|Panzerbefehlswagen VI (P)]] - Usually, the 85 mm can't pen their 200 mm frontal armour, so try to aim for the angled cheeks.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Long barreled 85 mm gun
* More well armoured than most tanks
* 100 mm of armour ''all around'', sides and rear aren't weaker than the front (Though the slight sloping gives the front about 15 more mm in effective armour)
* Great acceleration
* Machine gun turret can traverse 360 degrees
* 85 mm shell has great HE filler
* When angled properly, the tank can bounce or soak up many shots
* Lots of ammo (91 rounds)
* Game changer, as it's very hard to dislodge a well positioned KV-220 especially when the player knows it perks
* 6 crew for large damage sponge
* One of the few Russian tanks that has a good gun depression

'''Cons:'''

* Very sluggish in turns.
* Tall profile and hull is longer than other KV and IS series tank
* Despite firing the BR-365A used on the other 85 mm armed tanks, this gun mounted on the KV-220 is among the earliest model, so it has lower penetration rating compared to others
* Slow turret traverse speed
* Only two types of ammo available (APHEBC and HE)
* Lower gun mantlet is a shot trap - Can direct ricochets into hull roof
* Some ammo will be stored in the turret rear if carrying full ammo
* Unlike other tanks, losing a loader will hinder the loading process by a large margin

== History ==
The KV-220 was a further development of the Kliment Voroshilov heavy tank series. It is one of the prototype of the KV-3 tank. The design of the prototypes starts in 1940, when they designed two different designs: T-150 (or 150, Object 150, KV-150) and T-220 (or 220, Object 220, KV-220). The T-150 have thinner armor--90 mm all around and a weaker engine. The T-150 was approved as KV-3 if enter production. KV-220 on the other hand have a thicker armor and larger engine compare to its brother, but it also result problems due to new engine and heavier weight. Also the army is not satisfied with the 85 mm F-30 cannon. The F-30 cannon was replaced by a 107 mm F-39 cannon similar to the zis-6 cannon on KV-2 (zis-6) in game. KV-220 entered further development as Object 221, 222 and 223 for different cannons. Only one prototype was ever built. German invasion force stop the production of KV-3 and the development of KV-220 series.

== Media ==
'''Skins'''

Skins and camouflages for KV-220 at [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/ live.warthunder.com]

== See also ==

* [[KV-1 (Family)|'''KV-1 Family''']]''':'''
* [[KV-1 (L-11)]]
* [[KV-1S]]
* [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)]]
* [[KV-2 (Family)|'''KV-2 Family''']]''':'''
* [[KV-2 (1939)]]
* [[KV-2 (1940)]]
* [[KV-2 (ZiS-6)]]
* [[KV-85]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4155/current|[Devblog] KV-220]]

{{USSR heavy tanks}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}

Shenyang F-5

2021-01-01T23:33:59Z

U37697836: /* Flight performance, armament sections, see also, external links */

{{About
| about = Chinese license-built jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = MiG-17 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mig-17_f5
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=7004
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The MiG-17 was the solution to upgrading the MiG-15 and naturally with it being a successful fighter which was mass-produced, variants eventually became available for other nations to purchase. China was one of the countries which sought to acquire the later versions of the MiG-17 which utilized the VK-1F style afterburning engines. With its sleek frame, swept-back wings and tailplane, the F-5 though a bit heavier than the typical MiG-17 is a powerhouse in the sky. Compared to many other aircraft, using the afterburner will allow the F-5 to outclimb many of its contemporaries including the F-86 variants. Many pilots who hope to catch an F-5 in a climb will be disappointed when they stall out only to see the F-5 dropping in on them from above for an easy shot.

Though not built for fast turns, at the top of a climbing arc, the F-5 can make a relatively quick reversal as they nose over and begin to descend, pulling back on the throttle, extending flaps and air brakes, the F-5 can set themselves up for a shot at a stalled out fighter or can manoeuvre to end up as the hunter in chase of its prey.

When diving in this fighter, it is crucial to watch the aircraft's speed, as it is possible to go slightly supersonic and at that point the control stiffening becomes excessive, making it extremely difficult to execute any finite movements.

As an air-to-air fighter, it is possible to include two PL-2 air-to-air missiles in conjunction with the guns, or you can eliminate the missiles and entirely rely on the 37 mm and 2 x 23 mm autocannons. The gun placement on the underside of the fuselage is ideal for not needing to worry about convergence; however, the pilot will need to compensate for the different drop rates of the 37 and 23 mm cannons to ensure both will impact the enemy fighter without one or the other over-shooting or under-shooting.

With this fighter sporting an afterburner, it is essential to either watch the fuel level or take more into battle. The afterburner will consume fuel much faster than the aircraft without it. One advantage of this fighter as it consumes its fuel is that the plane becomes lighter and can eke out a bit more speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
|1,101||1,094|| rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} ||21.8||23.0||39.1||36.1|| rowspan="2" | 475
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,126 || 1,114 || 21.2 || 21.5 || 61.9 || 50
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 650 || 450 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 600 || < 700 || < 750 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Shenyang Liming WP-5 || 1
| colspan="2" | 3,868 kg || colspan="2" | 230 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel
|-
| 892 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 4,369 kg || 4,889 kg || 5,192 kg || 5,485 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 27m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,380 kgf || 2,932 kgf
| 0.67 || 0.60 || 0.56 || 0.53
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,380 kgf (0 km/h) || 2,932 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.67 || 0.60 || 0.56 || 0.53
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 60 mm Bulletproof Glass - Front canopy windshield
* 16 mm Steel Plates - Pilot's seat back and headrest
* 10 mm Steel Plate - in the nose of the aircraft before the cockpit

The F-5 has just enough armour protection to protect the pilot from machine-gun fire, smaller cannon fire and even some more substantial indirect cannon hits. Though not a guarantee of the pilot's survivability, the 10 mm steel plate in conjunction with the 60 mm bulletproof glass will aid in protecting the pilot in the event, he happens upon a bomber with defensive turrets or ends up in a head-on attack against another fighter. The 16 mm steel plates in the seat back and headrest will provide minimal protection as if ammunition fire from the rear penetrates that far, it is likely that the aircraft will already be experiencing catastrophic engine or structural failure.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|N-37D (37 mm)|NR-23 (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm N-37D cannon, chin-mounted (40 rpg)
* 2 x 23 mm NR-23 cannons, chin-mounted (80 rpg = 160 total)

Just like Shenyang F5's old brother Mig 17, different caliber armaments on both sides of the plane will balance each other out. Despite F5 hold the largest caliber among the same tier fighters, again like his old brother, the 37 mm N-37D cannon needs experience to ace. The two "smaller" 23 mm NR-23 cannons are also deadly and easier to master than the N-37D. Due to the low ammo rounds per gun, all cannons are not "spray and pray" type even they will not overheat--the magazine will be empty after only 5 seconds of shooting. You need to fire in bursts only if you think shots can hit the targets. For ammo selection, one should use "Air targets" belt on all cannons which contains the most high explosive and incendiary shells which is the best to against air targets. Launch ground strike using "Armored targets" belts is not a good option due to the slightly inaccuracy and unpredictable trajectory.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|OFAB-250-270 (250 kg)|PL-2}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250-270 bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x PL-2 missiles

Players also have access to PL-2 air-to-air missiles, which are the Chinese version of the soviet K-13 AAM, which is similar to NATO AIM-9B Sidewinder AAM. The missiles are not great at this BR, but still usable. Players can choose not to carry them if you prefer gun fight. To use these missiles, player have to spool them up the tracker first. Spool up the tracker will take around 5 seconds so you better plan ahead. Just like AIM-9B or any other first generation AAM, PL-2 does not have any off-axis angle to lock the target. To increase the chance of hitting, you should aiming opponents' tail in a straight flight with a distance less than 2 Km. Any maneuver will prevent the missile from launch.

Players also have access to two 250 kg bombs. Two 250 kg bombs are not enough to bomb a base. You might only want to carry them in rare situations.

== Usage in battles ==


After taking off, best practice is to fly in a straight line while engaging WEP. Once you achieve a high speed, pull back on the control stick and take the fighter into a climb. Due to the low ammunition count found on this aircraft, it is recommended to also load out the 2 x PL-2 air-to-air missiles.

The F-5 is essentially a MiG-17 with an afterburner and air-to-air missiles; those familiar with the MiG-17/J-4 should find the handling characteristics familiar, but the new features make the aircraft much more formidable. When fighting peer or lower-ranked opponents, its superior acceleration and firepower make combat easier. However, in full up-tiers, the speed will be very inadequate compared to the likes of the supersonic jets (some of which can fly more than twice as fast as the F-5). Work with teammates, take advantage of the aircraft's agility, and try to go after distracted enemies stuck in dogfights.

The PL-2 missiles are primitive and difficult to use, with poor tracking capabilities and agility. They will often be spoofed by the sun or heat reflections from the ground. In combat, missiles can be used to force an opponent to break off and burn energy or alternatively to finish off targets that do not have enough energy to dodge them.

The main gun armament is potentially very lethal. A few hits are sufficient for dismembering most enemy aircraft. That said, the relatively low muzzle velocity (which varies between the 37 mm and 23 mm guns), rate of fire, and ammo counts make getting these hits a challenge, especially when fighting faster aircraft. Trigger discipline is a must.

At the start of the match, it may be a good idea to load more fuel than the minimum since using the afterburner dramatically increases fuel consumption. One indication that your fuel is getting low is that the aircraft will be a bit more manoeuvrable and will be able to hit higher speeds as it becomes lighter.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Hard-hitting armament
* Decent manoeuvrability
* Access to decent anti-aircraft missiles
* Faster than most jets it will encounter thanks to powerful afterburner
* Difficult to break wings in turns
* Effective airbrakes
* Premium bonuses
* Can completely change the tide of a game in the hands of a skilled pilot

'''Cons:'''

* Flaps break at speeds above 530 km/h (330 mph)
* Afterburner chews through fuel
* Poor low-speed manoeuvrability (below 355 km/h (220 mph))
* Guns have low velocity and different shell arcs which requires pilot practice to learn to use effectively
* Low ammunition count for guns
* Will have to deal with Phantoms and other supersonic aircraft with better weapons and speed
* Needs a skilled pilot to compete in up-tiers

== History ==


The Soviet [[MiG-17]] was [[J-4|used quite extensively]] by the PLAAF in the early Cold War era. A production license for the more advanced MiG-17F model, which featured an afterburner, was obtained in the mid-1950s, and the result was the domestic Shenyang J-5, which made its first flight in 1956. In 1961, plans were obtained for the license production of the radar-equipped MiG-17PF model, but the ongoing Sino-Soviet split led to issues with the Chinese industry that delayed the first flight of the "J-5A" to 1964. At this point, the aircraft was rather obsolete, with the supersonic age being well underway, and production only continued for a few more years. Fewer J-5s were produced than the later [[J-6A|J-6]].

A unique trainer variant called the JJ-5 was produced by combining the cockpit of the MiG-15UTI with J-5 airframe elements and reduced armament; there was no trainer version of the MiG-17 since the Soviet Union saw no issue with using the MiG-15UTI for training new MiG-17 pilots.

The J-5 was exported under the designation of '''F-5''' (not to be confused with the American F-5 Freedom Fighter) to numerous countries, including Albania, North Korea, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The majority of these operators have retired the F-5 at the time of writing, with the lone exception being North Korea. J-5s remaining in the PLAAF inventory have been converted to target drones.

The vehicle represented in War Thunder is painted in the livery of the North Korean Air Force and has apparently been modified to use PL-2 air-to-air missiles.

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|33fqmccr64w|''Is the Shenyang F-5 Worth Your Money?'' - '''DEFYN'''|ioO9_5Sxtc8|''Shenyang F-5 -It's a Long Way To The Top'' - '''Napalmratte'''}}

== See also ==
'''Related development'''

* [[MiG-17 (Family)]]
* [[J-4]]
* [[MiG-17]]
* [[MiG-17AS]]

'''Aircraft of similar role in similar BR'''

* [[F-86 Sabre (Family)|F-86 Family]]
* [[J29 (Family)|J29 Family]]
* [[Hunter (Family)|Hunter Family]]

== External links ==

* User-made camouflages at [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/ live.warthunder.com]

{{AirManufacturer Shenyang}}
{{China jet aircraft}}
{{China premium aircraft}}

AUBL/74 HVG

2020-12-01T05:13:00Z

U37697836: /* Usage in battles */ as well as history

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_aubl_74_60_70m
|market=AUBL/74 HVG (Italy)
}}
{{About
| about = premium Italian light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the regular version
| link = AUBL/74
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_AUBL74_HVG.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ('''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/6293-special-operation-h-e-a-t-en|2019 Operation H.E.A.T event]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour Type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet)
* Wheel (tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
|Hull|| 8 mm (74°) ''Upper Glacis'' 8 mm (29-36°) ''Driver viewport glacis'' 8 mm (44°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 8 mm (36-46°) ''Top'' 5 mm (39°) ''Engine vents'' 8 mm (22-30°) ''Bottom'' 8 mm ''Wheelwells'' || 8 mm (11°) ''Upper plate'' 8 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 8 mm (16°) ''Front glacis'' 8 mm (spherical) ''Driver hatch 8 mm ''Centre'' ''8 mm (4°) ''Rear''
|-
|Turret || 15 mm (24°) ''Turret front'' 8 mm (13°) ''Turret Cheeks'' 15 mm (8-50°) ''Gun Mantlet'' || 8 mm (34°) 15 mm (cylindrical) ''Cupola well'' 8 mm (68-72°) ''Turret underside'' || 8 mm (12°) || 8 mm (85°) ''Front'' 8 mm ''Centre & Rear''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 15 mm (cylindrical) || 8 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The tires are 10 mm thick and the suspension rods are 1 mm thick.
* The side engine grilles are only 5 mm thick, so make sure to protect those weak points.
* There is an engine grille on the roof which is also only 5 mm thick. A weak point planes might look to take advantage of.
* This vehicle unfortunately hull breaks quite easily.
* A tightly spaced crew of three makes it easily taken out by machine guns and autocannons.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=248|rbMinHp=142}}

Overall mobility is really great can reach up to 100 km/h, avg speed off-road being 46-56 km/h. Nice control over manoeuvrability even at high speeds. Mobility really suffers on snow or mud and severely hampers your speed. The {{PAGENAME}} also has amphibious capabilities, although speed in the water is limited to around 4 km/h.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|OTO HVG (60 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OTO HVG (60 mm)|60 mm OTO HVG]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+27° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 28.56 || 39.53 || 48.00 || 53.08 || 56.47 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.85 || 21.00 || 25.50 || 28.20 || 30.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M300 || APFSDS || 249 || 246 || 240 || 231 || 222 || 213
|-
| OTO HE || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M300 || APFSDS || 1,620 || 0.82 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| OTO HE || HE || 1,000 || 3.07 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 765 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_AUBL-74_HVG.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || 14 ''(+24)'' || 10 ''(+28)'' || 1 ''(+37)'' || No
|-
|}

* Racks 2 & 3 are first-stage ammo racks



=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Beretta MG42/59 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Beretta MG42/59]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 800 (200) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,500 (200) || 600 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


This vehicle should be played as either a Scout, Flanker or a Sniper. Use your mobility to transport from one sniper position to another. '''Never''' brawl unless you have to. Due to the highly mobile platform -- FIAT Type 6616, your mobility is one of the best in its class. Use your mobility to get to a good attack position early in the game to launch a surprise attack from the side. Use the terrain and obstruction to hide from enemy. Hold c to look around frequently to learn the situation around you. Make sure nobody is looking at your way before poke out and fire.

You have trade your armor for mobility, you don't have any armor on this vehicle. AUBL/74 HVG shares the same hull design as the AUBL/74 which is a further development of FIAT 6614. With only 8mm of armor on the front of the hull, the armor on this vehicle won't even stop high caliber machine gun at mid range. Don't even think about taking a shot, it's impossible unless it's a sub caliber APDS or APFSDS round in which case will over pen. (Update 2.1.0.65)

The main armament on this vehicle is a 60mm HVG cannon made by OTO. It can fire two rounds including APFSDS and HE. The HE shell is useless due to the small caliber. The only shell you will use is M300 APFSDS shell. It will penetrate 249mm of armor at close range, fairly decent as a light tank but not enough to pen front of some heavy tanks. Due to the small caliber the damage it done is limited. Try launch attack from the side or rear, and aim for important modules first like gunner or cannon breach. You might not get a one shot kill but you will divert opponents' attention from your teammates. The cannon is two plate stabilized which gives you an advantage to shoot first as a light tank. Make good use of it.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tires
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| M300
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Airstrike
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| NVD
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| Smoke grenade
| Artillery Support
| Improved optics
|-
! colspan="6" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High engine HP/weight ratio and amazing top speed
* Perfect mobility on roads and urban environments
* Decent speed on plain fields, enough to keep up with light tanks
* Easy to control even at high speeds
* A rather small size vehicle, difficult to target and easy to hide
* Smoke grenade launchers located on the turret, a player can choose which side of the tank to cover
* Has an anti-aircraft light machine gun
* Decent armament for a light tank: acceptable rate of fire and penetration plus near-perfect accuracy using APFSDS
* Two-plane stabilizer allows accurate fire on the move
* Gets the premium tank boost to XP and SL
* Can navigate water features
* Outfitted with night vision devices

'''Cons:'''

* Stabilizer only works up to 75 km/h
* Horrible mobility in shallow water and snow results in heavy dependence on roads
* The main gun, while accurate, has a low calibre of 60 mm, more than one shot is often required to take out an enemy tank
* Small crew of three
* Next to no armour, vulnerable even to light machine gunfire
* Easily taken out by SPAA and other light tanks
* Driver's viewports greatly limit the gun depression on front-right of the tank
* All six smoke grenades are launched at once
* While swimming, it can only go around 4-5 km/h
* Does not have thermal vision capabilities

== History ==
AUBL/74 HVG is originally named as "FIAT Type 6616", which is a further development of the FIAT Type 6614 to fulfill a demand of the country. Different from the FIAT Type 6614 which focus on personal carrier, Type 6616 is designed to carry heavier armament for the armored platoons of the mobile battalions of the Barabinier. Type 6616 provide different armament possibility such as 7.62mm machine gun, Rheinmetall MK20 Rh202 auto cannon, 60mm OTO Breda T60 quick firing HVG and 90mm Cockerill Mk.3 cannon. The first prototype was completed in 1972 and entered service in 1975 with a total of 185 unit produced. Despite Italy, FIAT Type 6616 is also in service in Libya, Peru and Somalia.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=it_aubl_74_60_70m Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|RGeu2yLGeTU|'''Best armored cars''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:47 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|EwnzjGUln0I|'''Should You Buy The {{PAGENAME}}?''' - ''Sako Sniper''|fI-xYSR4hVM|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles in the same family

* [[FIAT 6614]]
* [[AUBL/74]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[AMX-10RC]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

M60A1 "D.C.Ariete"

2020-12-01T03:13:03Z

U37697836: /* External links */ History and Usage

{{Specs-Card|code=it_m60a1_ariete}}
{{About
| about = Italian premium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = M60 (Disambiguation)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]] as a purchasable pack and was removed from sale in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]]. It was later re-released as a premium purchasable for Golden Eagles {{ge}} after the [[wt:en/news/6907-special-8th-anniversary-of-war-thunder-en|8th Anniversary sale]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (hull, turret, roof)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull roof - engine compartment, hull rear - engine grille)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 108 mm (65°) ''Front Glacis'' 137 mm (55°) ''Lower Glacis - Top'' 117 mm (55°) ''Lower Glacis - Bottom'' || 50 mm ''Front'' 45 mm ''Top'' 50.8 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret base'' 36-70 mm (18-34°) ''Middle'' 36 mm (60°) ''Bottom'' 19 mm (66-82°) ''Belly - Front half'' 13 mm (66-82°) ''Belly - Rear half'' 36 mm ''Rear'' || 25 mm (1°) ''Engine Grille'' 40 mm (26°) ''Lower plate'' 28 mm (59°) ''Lower glacis'' 36 mm ''Hull sides''|| 108 mm (25°) ''Front Glacis'' 36 mm (5°) ''Front'' 20 mm ''Engine compartment'' 76 mm ''Radiator cover''
|-
| Turret || 215.9 mm (spherical) ''Turret front - Loader side'' 230.9 mm (spherical) ''Turret front - Gunner side'' 127 mm (11-58°) ''Gun mantlet'' 114 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret ring'' || 52.3-142.2 mm (30-41°) ''Front half - Loader side'' 60.5-152.9 mm (18-33°) ''Front half - Gunner side'' 49.8 mm (19-29°) ''Rear half - Loader side'' 53.8 mm (18°) ''Rear half - Gunner side'' || 57 mm (11°) || 48 mm (16°) ''Front'' 25.4 mm ''Centre & Rear''
|-
| Cupola || 35 mm (0-30°) || colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | 26 mm (34-44°) || 26-35 mm (conical) ''Outer ring'' 30 mm ''Centre''
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks and torsion bars are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 19 mm thick in the front, 13 in the rear.
* Mudguards and storage boxes are 5 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,162|rbMinHp=663}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M68 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M68 (105 mm)|105 mm M68]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 63 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 21.4 || 29.6 || 36.0 || 39.8 || 42.4 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.4 || 15.8 || 19.1 || 21.2 || 22.5
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''M728 ''APDS''''' (Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot) is capable of easily penetrating the majority of the foes it meets, but these rounds do require finesse as to their placing. Because the shell lacks an explosive filler, the best bet is to try and either knock out the majority of the enemy tank's crew or to destroy the enemy by ammo or fuel detonation through hitting their respective storage capacities. This, of course, requires knowledge about the vehicles the M60A1 may face - so be sure to use the game's X-Ray view in the hangar and analyse the potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the amount of shrapnel shrinks.
* '''M393A2 ''HESH''''' (High-Explosive Squash Head) works very differently from other shell types. It ignores any angle, except for ricochet and deals damage by metal-flakes which are blown off inside the armour by the exterior explosion. Basically, the fighting compartment is showered in metal rain. Currently, only true armour thickness (as opposed to the line of sight thickness) will provide sufficient means of protection, benefitting the USSR turret designs and in general German tanks. Like all high-explosive shells, the fuse is very sensitive and can be set-off by most objects e.g. fences, trees, pillars.
* '''M456 ''HEAT-FS''''' (High-Explosive Anti-Tank Fin Stabilised): The knowledge of enemy vehicle layouts gained from the stock shell (M728), will be handy to use for the M60A1's fullest potential - as the M456 is a round that can penetrate most vehicle's armour frontally. Like the APDS shot, increased armour thickness results in a reduced amount of shrapnel after penetration. Unlike APDS it has one downside: Given that it is a chemical energy round, its fuse is highly sensitive in regards to its practical application in battle. As a result, virtually anything, such as trees or even a fence, will set it off prematurely, so the HEAT-FS round cannot fire through obstructions with this kind.
* '''M416 ''Smoke'''''

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M728 || APDS || 260 || 258 || 250 || 240 || 231 || 222
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M728 || APDS || 1,426 || 4.65 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks M60A1 (AOS).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the M60A1 (AOS) (identical)]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''63''' || 49 ''(+14)'' || 38 ''(+25)'' || 17 ''(+46)'' || 4 ''(+59)'' || 1 ''(+60)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* As they are modeled by sets of 2, shells disappear from the rack only after you fire both shells in the set.
* Racks 3*, 4*and 5* are first stage ammo racks. They total 37 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
* These racks are also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 3 - 4 - 5 - 1 - 2.
* If you pack 17 ''(+46)'' shells, it will keep the front hull and the turret rear empty of ammo.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from non-essential into ready racks. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.
* When refilling from racks 1 and 2, the refill order of ready racks is 5 - 4 - 3.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M85 (12.7 mm)|M73 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M85 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M85]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 900 (200) || 626 || -9°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M73 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M73]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 5,950 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
Just like other M60s, you might not want to head on with your opponents. Instead, flank around and attack from the side. While having a better armor than other medium tanks in this BR from other countries, it is not thick enough to block in coming shells like a heavy tank. The heavier armor will save your life sometimes, but do not rely on your armor. You might want to use appropriate camouflage and camouflage decorations to avoid enemy detection due to the unique shape and high recognizability.

The mobility of the M60 is nothing special apart from the tech tree family. You don't have the mobility like a Leopard due to the trade off of much better armor. The mobility is good enough to perform flanking and transfer to a better attack position. Get to a ideal attack position and be patient. You will get your reward.

M60A1 "D.C.Ariete" have four different shells, M728 APDS shell, M393A2 HESH shell, M456 HEAT-FS shell and M416 Smoke shell. Compare to her American predecessor M60, The Italian version replace the M392A2 shell with M728 shell. Compare to M393, M728 have a lower 90'''°''' penetration but have a higher angled penetration. It's more like a APFSDS without fin. This characteristic made M728 shell performs better when against angled armored target. You should use M728 against most medium and heavy armored target and switch to M456 only when dealing with light armored targets and heavy armored targets that M728 might not pen. Smoke shell sounds useful but with the smoke screen already unlocked for a premium vehicle, you don't actually need the M456 Smoke shell.

In Ground Simulator Battles, you might have a chance to play fishing in troubled water by acting as an "American M60" if USA is on the opposite side. Be careful not to be killed by friendly fire.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| M393A2
| NVD
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| M416
| Smoke grenade
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| M456
| Rangefinder
|-
! colspan="7" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful gun
** Very accurate gun at long ranges when upgraded
** Good stock shell (APDS)
** HEATFS and HESH shells available
* Decent turning capability
* Very good stock turret traverse speed
* Great off-road speed (but not as great as [[Leopard_I|Leopards]] and [[T-10M]]s)
* Sloped armour can be quite bouncy at range
* Once fully upgraded it offers very sharp handling and manoeuvrability
* Excellent acceleration when fully upgraded

'''Cons:'''

* Very high profile, made worse by the M19 commander's cupola
** Commander's cupola armour is very large and very thin, can be penetrated easily by APCBC and HEAT rounds
** Enemy shells can bounce off the turret roof (due to the angle) and could enter the cupola
** Commander's .50 cal HMG is slower in manoeuvrability and not as effective compared to earlier vehicles due to the cupola
** .50 cal coverage is limited due to commander's cupola
* Sides are at most 70 mm thick, they can be penetrated easily
* Turret ring can be penetrated by even autocannons
* Front is vulnerable to HEAT and the more powerful APHE ([[T-10M]], [[Maus]]) at close range
* No armour-piercing shells with explosive filler

== History ==
The M60 is a second generation main battle tank. It is the fourth and last generation of the Patton family to replace the outdated M48 tank. It is the first Main Battle Tank designed by US and entered service since 1962. In the late-70s to mid-80s, Italy purchased 100 M60A1 from the US to replace the outdated M47 and M48. Later OTO Melara produced 200 more M60A1 under licence. The M60 was used by several armored division including Armored Division Ariete, 32nd Armored Brigate Mameli, 60th Armored Battalion Pinerolo, 20th Tank Battlalion Pentimalli, 8th Tank Battalion Secchiaroli and 10th Tank Battalion Bruno. They were also seen action in Lebanon in operation LIBANO 1 and LIBANO 2. M60 has been gradually phased out with the end of the Cold War. It was completely replaced by C1 Ariete by 2008..

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=it_m60a1_ariete Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|zoBPU0n65_A|'''The M60 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:17 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|lRBuTPdZRqo|'''Underwhelming Premium: {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''Virus''|mSmTeanf6wg|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==
[[M60 (Family)|M60 family]] includes following variants:

* [[M60]]
* [[M60A1 (AOS)]]
* [[M60A1 RISE (P)]]
* [[M60A2|M60 A2]]
* [[M60A3 TTS]]
* [[M60A3 TTS (China)]]
* [[CM11]]
* [[M60 AMBT]]

== External links ==

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/ live.warthunder.com]

{{Italy medium tanks}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

FIAT 6614

2020-11-30T21:02:01Z

U37697836: /* History */ and Main Armament

{{Specs-Card|code=it_fiat_6614_106sr}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull)
* Gun steel (gun barrel, MG)
* Wheel (tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 8 mm (30-46°) ''Driver viewport'' 8 mm (70-81°) ''Upper Glacis'' 8 mm (52°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 8 mm (21-45°) ''Top'' 5 mm (12-20°) ''Radiator vents'' 8 mm (25-33°) ''Bottom'' 8 mm ''Wheelwells'' || 8 mm (17°) ''Upper plate'' 8 mm (43°) ''Lower plate'' || 8 mm (9-20°) ''Front Glacis'' 8 mm ''Crew compartment''
|-
| Gun mount || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 8 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 8 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The gun barrel is 25 mm thick.
* All windows are 8 mm thick.
* The tires are 10 mm thick.
* The belly is 8 mm thick.

The {{PAGENAME}} has almost no armour, like other vehicles in the Italian tree, and with that very low survivability. Anything that hits a side shot will knock out at least one crew member, while a frontal or rear shot will incapacitate a minimum of 3 crew, enough to take the player back to the hangar.

The average effective thickness changes depending on where the {{PAGENAME}} is shot from. At the front, it ranges from 15-20 mm thick, although the front-facing window of the driver's hatch does only give 9 mm of armour between a machine gun round and the driver. While a 7.62 mm round will only penetrate at close range, a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun round will only fail to penetrate that window at over a kilometre away. Considering the car's most valuable advantage is its ability to get to good positions fast, an incapacitated driver will ruin the {{PAGENAME}}'s chances in the match.

The side's obvious weak spots are the grills near the front that are only 5mm thick. Considering that the vehicle has a hexagon-shaped cross-section if sliced from left to right, the upper plate of the slanted side offers 9 mm of protection after the grill and 10-12mm around and in front of the grill. The lower side plate gives a whole new world of armour with a minimum thickness of 10mm everywhere, which means at least the 7.62 mm machine guns can't penetrate the car through there. The doors have the same thickness as the rest of the sides.

On the back, there's one slanted plate that is 8 mm at the top which increases to 14 mm at the bottom. Again, like the sides, the door doesn't have a different thickness. Also, the gun is very easy to disable as it has a maximum effective thickness of 88 mm, which all tanks at this BR will be able to penetrate and disable in one shot.

This tank is still very vulnerable to strafing aircraft. Bombs and rockets also deal heavy damage if the {{PAGENAME}} is standing in their destruction radius.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=225|rbMinHp=128}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility is very good. The fastest speeds it can reach will depend on the terrain: on a track like the ones on Sinai, the {{PAGENAME}} can easily reach 60 or 70 km/h, and driving on an actual road or going downhill it will reach the 80's or 90's; but on a grassy field, it may only reach up to 45 km/h. Due to the {{PAGENAME}} being a wheeled car, going through sand, snow or a small uphill will trickle away its speed. The wheeled construction means the FIAT also cannot neutral steer, but it does have a small turning circle (tank-sized) and it can turn in this circle at 23 km/h.

When reversing the {{PAGENAME}} has good acceleration as well, reaching -10 km/h after about 3 seconds and will get to -20 by the fourth second.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Cannone da 106 s.r.M40A1 (106 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Cannone da 106 s.r.M40A1 (106 mm)|106 mm Cannone da 106 s.r.M40A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 17 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | ±360° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.5 || 13.2 || 16.0 || 17.7 || 18.8 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.0 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.1 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M344A1 || HEAT || 433 || 433 || 433 || 433 || 433 || 433
|-
| M361A1 || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M344A1 || HEAT || 502 || 10 || 0 || 0.5 || 1,650 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M361A1 || HESH || 498 || 10 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 5,040 || 73° || 75° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''17''' || 11 ''(+6)'' || 9 ''(+8)'' || 7 ''(+10)'' || 3 ''(+14)'' || 1 ''(+16)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Rounds are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Full ammo load should be brought for the cannon because running out of shells is very common in this vehicle.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M80 (12.7 mm)}}

The M80 machine gun is your standard .50 cal, except for the fact that its clip size is extremely small, making it not very effective against light armored vehicles, and aircraft. However, the velocity of the ammo is similar to the main armament, allowing it to work as a quick and short distance rangefinder before you fire.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M80 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M80]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 120 (5) || 300 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The FIAT is a light tank destroyer with extremely potent anti-tank grenades that is almost guaranteed to slice through any armored foe. Never put yourself on the front lines as your armor is not up to the task of taking on anything heavier then .30 caliber machine guns, however, striking from the shadows is the best option. Due to the excellent penetration of the anti tank grenades, this tank destroyer is best played pointing and shooting at the target, not minding weak spots.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tires
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Airstrike
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Improved optics
| Smoke grenade
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 106 mm HESH is enough to one-shot most enemy vehicles, aside from some heavy tanks
* 360-degree turret transverse
* Fast on road
* Small target, easy to hide
* Can swim

'''Cons:'''

* Very thin armour, 12.7 mm can penetrate it frontally
* Bad off-road speed
* Cupola blocks turret elevation when traversing the turret

== History ==
Fiat Type 6614 is a 4 x 4 wheeled armored personnel carrier originally from Italy and been used around the world. It was developed in the early 70s by a joint of Fiat and OTO Melara. Fiat is in charge of the engine and the automotive components while OTO Melara was in charge of the hull and weapon system. The first prototype of Type 6614 was completed in 1972. The main armament of Type 6614 can be varied depends on configuration including 7.62mm or 12.7mm machine gun and Rheinmetall 20mm MK 20 Rh202 cannon. FIAT 6614/M40A1 we have in game is a further development prototype for anti heavy armored target purposes by mounting a 106mm M40A1 recoiless rifle forward of the commander's position on the turret roof.

Fiat Type 6616 (AUBL/74) is a further development model of the Type 6614.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=it_fiat_6614_106sr Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|UN3ioZuwRJs|'''This is how to make light tank INVINCIBLE! {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and roll

* [[M50 Ontos]]
* [[T114]]
* [[Type 60 SPRG (C)]]
* [[R3 T106 FA]]
* [[AUBL/74|AUBL/74 (FIAT 6616)]]
* [[AUBL/74 HVG|AUBL/74 HVG (FIAT 6616)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Fiat_6614|[Wikipedia] Fiat 6614]]

{{Italy light tanks}}

Hs 129 B-2 (Romania)

2020-11-01T02:06:44Z

U37697836: /* Flight Performance */

{{Specs-Card|code=hs-129b-2_romania}}
{{About
| about = German premium attacker '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Hs 129 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Hs_129_B-2_Romania.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} gift twin-engine attacker {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.41#19.06.2014 - 1.41.27.12|Update 1.41.27]].

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 421 || 404 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.4 || 31.3 || 5.9 || 5.9 || 331
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at ?,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 466 || 439 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.5 || 27.9 || 11.2 || 8.3 || 331
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|разрушение|конструкции}} || {{Specs|разрушение|шасси}} || 360 || ~13 || ~13
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 310 || < 320 || < 300 || > 230
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,000 m || 1,300 hp || 1,530 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

* 5 mm Steel - Oil cooler covers
* 5 mm Steel - Lower engine cowl protection
* 2 mm Steel - Cockpit side plates
* 12 mm Steel - Cockpit back plate, floor, and front plates
* 75 mm Bulletproof glass

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon, fuselage-mounted (250 rpg = 500 total)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine gun, fuselage-mounted (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|BK 3,7 (37 mm)|MK 103 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 1 x 30 mm MK 103 cannon, belly-mounted (100 rpg)
* 1 x 37 mm BK 3,7 cannon, belly-mounted (12 rpg)
* 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (200 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in an aircraft, the features of using vehicles in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
| Offensive 20 mm
| ETC 50/VIIId
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
| New 20 mm cannons
| R2 modification
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| Offensive 37 mm
| BK 3,7 cannon
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 30 mm cannons
| New 37 mm cannons
|
|-
! colspan="7" |This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Henschel}}
{{Germany attackers}}
{{Germany premium aircraft}}

Hs 129 B-2

2020-11-01T02:01:00Z

U37697836: /* See also */ & Flight performance

{{Specs-Card|code=hs-129b-2}}
{{About
| about = German attacker '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Hs 129 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Hs129B-2.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German attacker {{Battle-rating}}. This attacker has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.29.

The Hs 129 is a ground attack aircraft, designed mostly to take out tanks and armoured vehicles and fulfil other roles associated with CAS. Both the 30 mm MK 103 and 37 mm BK 3.7 are capable of knocking out medium tanks, light tanks, and light pillboxes while the 20 mm cannons can easily destroy armoured cars, mobile AAAs, and other lightly armoured equipment. The plane is both slow and sluggish, meaning that it practically has to go after ground targets, but the armament and armour somewhat compensate for that and enable the plane to take out nearly all ground targets except for pillboxes and heavy tanks.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 421 || 404 || 7,500 || 29.4 || 31.3 || 5.9 || 5.9 || 331
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 466 || 439 || 7,500 || 26.5 || 27.9 || 11.2 || 8.3 || 331
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 700 || 320 || 360 || ~13 || ~13
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 310 || < 320 || < 300 || > 230
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,000 m || 1,300 hp || 1,530 hp
|-

|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 5 mm Steel - Oil cooler covers
* 5 mm Steel - Lower engine cowl protection
* 2 mm Steel - Cockpit side plates
* 12 mm Steel - Cockpit back plate, floor, and front plates
* 75 mm Bulletproof glass

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon, fuselage-mounted (250 rpg = 500 total)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine gun, fuselage-mounted (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|SC50JA (50 kg)|BK 3,7 (37 mm)|MK 103 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 1 x 30 mm MK 103 cannon, belly-mounted (100 rpg)
* 1 x 37 mm BK 3,7 cannon, belly-mounted (12 rpg)
* 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (200 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Hs129B.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Hs 129 B's instrument panel.]]

The plane is very heavy, which makes it nearly impossible to take out fighters (unless the fighters come to the {{PAGENAME}}, see below), even most medium bombers are more maneuverable, however the plane is heavily armoured, so it can last a while even under heavy fire, even to such a degree that some planes run out of ammunition before taking out a Henschel. That combined with the heavy armament makes it ideal to attack B-17 formations, even though it requires time and effort to climb and match the speed of the formation. The armour around the cockpit makes it nearly immune to 7.92 mm rounds and could also fly with one engine, albeit with great difficulty. The planes incredibly stable flight behaviour makes aiming even for joystick pilots very easy and accurate thus not wasting too much ammunition.

Once the 30 mm additional gun with its impressive 100-round belt has been researched (the 37 mm with its smaller belt and low rate of fire should be avoided), the plane has very heavy firepower. In combination with the great stability and thus firing accuracy, this makes it an ideal heads-on fighter. With a bit of experience, it's relatively easy to finish off enemy fighters with one or two short bursts before they are even in range for the target indicator to appear. In situations where enemy planes coming at 0.5 to 1.0 km interval from the same direction, the {{PAGENAME}} can easily achieve triple or even quadruple air victories before needing to turn around for reloading.

====Tactics====

Using the 30 mm MK 103, which can be unlocked as an additional armament option, the Hs 129 B-2 is capable of destroying most mission relevant ground targets. Tanks of all sorts, as well as light pillboxes, can be destroyed in up to three hits, provided armour piercing ammunition (HVAP-T) is unlocked. Thanks to the 100 rounds of ammunition available, this can make a single Hs 129B-2 a game-changing aircraft. The same can be achieved using the BK 3.7, however, it is generally considered harder to use and thus not a viable option.

The Hs 129 B-2, however, does have major drawbacks. Its engines are weak which results in poor top speed, acceleration and climb rate. This, combined with the armour of nearly one-ton weight, makes it perform poorly in air combat and very vulnerable to attacks of enemy fighters. This, however, goes so far that sometimes enemy pilots underestimate the Hs 129 and overshoot it after a tight turn, which gives the Hs 129B-2 pilot a moderate chance of defending itself.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Yak-2 KABB]]: Do not think that the {{PAGENAME}} can confidently out maneuver this plane just because it is twin-engined. The Yak-2 has an amazing turn rate for a heavy fighter, thus the {{PAGENAME}} must avoid turning with it, if not dogfighting with it in general. It bears a pair of ShVAK cannons that can easily damage vital parts like engine or cooling systems. It has green camo, greatly resembling an Me 410 but with an H-tail like a Bf 110's.

[[ZSD63]]: A deadly enemy to face in Tank Realistic Battles. Though it is hard to identify specific SPAA vehicles on the ground (especially when they are shooting tracers at the plane), if a ZSD63 is identified, avoid it at all costs and '''do not''' attempt head-ons with it, ever. It can easily snap a wing off by causally putting a short burst in the {{PAGENAME}}'s flight path. Don't even get close to it unless it is occupied with another friendly or if the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with a bomb that it can use. The {{PAGENAME}}'s 30mm / 37mm cannons in the secondary armaments cannot effectively damage it as its hull is overall quite empty, causing your shells to do little to no damage. Some identifying features of the ZSD63 is its rather boxy and tall hull with a geometric turret sitting at the back, slightly similar to a Wirbelwind's. The firing manner is also distinctive: the sound and green tracers are very rapid, much like a buzz saw, but then it will remain silent for half a minute reloading. Note that an experienced ZSD player will hold its fire or shoot in single salvos with long halts between, making it look like that it's reloading. Armor piercing belt is recommended since their high penetration can tear through the ZSD's armor with ease and knock out its crews.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
| Offensive 20 mm
| ETC 50/VIIId
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
| New 20 mm Cannons
| R2 Modification
|-
| III
| Wing Repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| Offensive 37 mm
| BK 3,7 Cannon
|-
| IV
|
| Engine Injection
| Cover
| New 30 mm Cannons
| New 37 mm Cannons
|
|-
|}
Research Path:

# Radiator
# ETC 50/VIIId
# R2 Modification
# All Flight Performance/Survivability
# Weaponry
# BK 3,7 (Last)

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Resistant to light machine guns and Russian heavy machineguns
* Very good firepower when carrying either the 30 mm or 37 mm cannon pods
* 30 mm MK 103 is a high-velocity cannon with a decent rate of fire, which allows for versatility in targets, and is especially devastating against armoured vehicles
* 30 mm HVAP-T generally destroys air targets in one to three hits with a high potential to combust targets
* 30 mm HE-I/HEI-T Minengeschoß in the default belts means grinding once the 30 mm is available isn't that difficult
* 30 mm has a reasonable ammo pool of 100 rounds and the low fire rate combined with hit success allows it more than enough to obtain down five planes before running out
* Cockpit has 70 mm of armoured glass at the front, reasonable all-round protection for the pilot
* Great at head-on passes in all game modes (shoot and duck/roll away)
* Centrally mounted armament, need for gun harmonisation minimalized

'''Cons:'''

* Poor climb rate, bad manoeuvrability, heavy aircraft
* The engines are underpowered and if even one is shot-up, the plane will fall from the sky
* Engine uses a carburettor, preventing prolonged inverted G-load state
* Has no defensive armament compared to other attack aircraft of its rank
* Engine and internal wing fuel tanks are ideal targets for enemy pilots
* Needs the gun pods to do well
* Cockpit armour is very thin
* Pilot can be killed by SPAAGs or by machine guns larger than .30 cal
* Thick cockpit armoured glass causes some distortion (Simulator)

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== Encyclopedia Info ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
"The German Henschel Hs-129 was a single-seater twin-engine attack aircraft built for combat with tanks.

For the designers of the Henschel firm, which specialized in the manufacture of armored vehicles for the Army, the most difficult challenge was aircraft survivability. They sought to protect the pilot and the most vulnerable components of the aircraft. Their desire to keep mass as low as possible led them to build a cockpit encased in 75 millimeters of glass. The design was very cramped and poorly regarded. Among other inconveniences were the tiny control panel and short control stick.

During flight testing, it was found that the aircraft could not dive, since any angle greater than 30 degrees resulted in the pilot being unable to control the aircraft. In addition, it was found that the Hs-129 could not fly well on one engine. This fact, combined with the reasoning that the plane could land using the other engine should its partner fail, led to the plane’s twin-engine design.

Despite the plane’s shortcomings, the Luftwaffe desperately needed aircraft for the assault of 1940, and in the winter of 1940, Henschel received an order for a series of Hs-129 planes. With the occupation of France, a large number of Gnome-Rhone 14M engines were confiscated, each running at 700 hp. Experiments with installing more powerful (albeit unreliable) engines led to the creation of the Hs-129B, which had superior specs to the original Hs-129 and could return all the way to base if forced to fly with only one engine.

Serial production of the Hs-129B-1 began in 1941, and May of the following year saw the launch of the modified Hs-129B-2, which had a modified fuel system (along with several other minor changes).

All in all, 878 Hs-129s were produced."

== Media ==

* Skins of Hs 129 can be found on [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/ live.warthunder.com]

== See also ==


* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/195202-ugly-ducklings-hs-129/ [Ugly Ducklings<nowiki>]</nowiki> - Hs 129]
* [[Hs 129 B-3]]
* [[Hs 129 B-2 (Romania)|Hs 129 B-2 (Romania) in German premium tech tree]]
* [[Hs 129 B-2 (Romania) (Italy)|Hs 129 B-2 (Romania) in Italian premium tech tree]]

== External links ==

* {{AirManufacturer Henschel}}
{{Germany attackers}}

Hs 129 B-3

2020-10-31T22:11:51Z

U37697836: See also, History, Correct spelling on other parts

{{Specs-Card|code=hs-129b-3}}
{{About
| about = German attacker '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Hs 129 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Hs129B3.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German attacker {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.37]].

The Hs 129 is a pure ground attack aircraft, designed mostly to take out tanks and armored vehicles. The anti-tank gun [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|PaK 40]] is capable of knocking out medium tanks, while the 7.62 mm LMGs can destroy armored cars and mobile AAAs. The plane is both slow and sluggish, meaning that it practically has to go after ground targets, but the armament and armor somewhat compensate for that and enable the plane to take out nearly all ground targets except pillboxes and heavy tanks.

The plane is very heavy, which makes it nearly impossible to take out fighters, even most medium bombers are more maneuverable, however, the plane is heavily armored, so it can last a while even under heavy fire, even to such a degree that some planes run out of ammunition before taking out a Henschel.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,550 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 421 || 404 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.4 || 31.3 || 5.9 || 5.9 || rowspan="2" | 331
|-
! Upgraded
| 466 || 439 || 26.5 || 27.9 || 11.2 || 8.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 314 || 252 || 190 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 320 || < 320 || < 300 || > 280
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,550 m || 1,300 hp || 1,530 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 5 mm Steel - Oil cooler covers
* 5 mm Steel - Lower engine cowl protection
* 2 mm Steel - Cockpit side plates
* 12 mm Steel - Cockpit back plate, floor, and front plates
* 75 mm Bulletproof glass

== Armaments ==
[[File:Hs-129 B-3 destroying a ground vehicle.png|thumb|Hs-129 B-3 destroying a ground vehicle with its 75 mm BK 7.5 cannon]]
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|BK 7.5 (75 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 75 mm BK 7.5 cannon, chin-mounted (13 rpg)
* 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, cheek-mounted (1,000 rpg = 2,000 total)

The two machine guns are arranged on each side of the fuselage. The 75 mm cannon is mounted to the underside of the fuselage. When aiming do not use the crosshair, instead, to be more precise with your shots, take the diameter of the aiming circle and put the length under the circle. This should provide the most accurate shot as that spot is a rough estimation of where your shot will land.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Hs129B.jpg|x400px|thumbnail|right|The Hs 129 B's instrument panel.]]

The Hs 129 B-3 is capable of destroying most mission-relevant ground targets. Tanks of all sorts, as well as light pillboxes, can be destroyed in one hit, provided Armour piercing ammunition is used. Thanks to the 13 shells available, this can make a single Hs 129 B-3 a game-changing aircraft.

The Hs 129, however, does have major drawbacks. Its engines are weak which results in poor top speed, acceleration and climb rate. This, combined with the armor of nearly one-ton weight, makes it perform poorly in air combat and very vulnerable to attacks of enemy fighters. This, however, goes so far that sometimes enemy pilots underestimate the Hs 129 and overshoot it after a tight turn, which gives the Hs 129 pilot a moderate chance of defending himself.

In simulator battles, it is ''highly advisable'' to climb to at least 600 meters, level, and build speed (energy) before turning and returning for another attack. When spawning, it is still recommended to climb to 1000 meters above ground and use the scope to spot enemy ground vehicles in simulator battles. If there are possible enemies in the area, lose altitude, and fly away from the enemy to take a different path.

Do not attempt to make quick adjustments when aiming in a dive. Pull up, and try again. The AI tanks will go nowhere. Use 'universal belts' to help aim the main tank gun. It is not recommended to use tracers. The plane needs one major virtue to produce desirable results: patience.

The plane may sound very weak but, every tool in the box has a specific purpose: the Hs 129 B-3 is designed to win through objective destruction.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Yak-2 KABB]]: Do not think that the {{PAGENAME}} can confidently out maneuver this plane just because it is twin-engined. The Yak-2 has an amazing turn rate for a heavy fighter, thus the {{PAGENAME}} must avoid turning with it, if not dogfighting with it in general. It bears a pair of ShVAK cannons that can easily damage vital parts like engine or cooling systems. It has green camo, greatly resembling an Me 410 but with an H-tail like a Bf 110's.

[[ZSD63]]: A dangerous SPAA to go up against in Tank Realistic Battles. Though it is hard to identify specific SPAA vehicles on the ground (especially when they are shooting tracers at the plane), if a ZSD63 is identified, avoid it at all costs and '''do not''' attempt head-ons with it, ever. It can easily snap a wing off by casually putting a short burst in the {{PAGENAME}}'s flight path. Don't even get close to it unless it is busy shooting someone else. Even the {{PAGENAME}}'s mighty 75mm cannon cannot effectively damage it as its hull is overall quite empty, causing your shells to do little to no damage. Some identifying features of the ZSD63 is its rather boxy and tall hull with a geometric turret sitting at the back, slightly similar to a Wirbelwind's. The firing manner is also distinctive: the sound and green tracers are very rapid, much like a buzz saw, but then it will remain silent for half a minute reloading. Note that an experienced ZSD player will hold its fire or shoot in single salvos with long halts between, making it look like that it's reloading.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 75 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 75 mm cannons
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The combination of the 7.92 mm machine guns and the 75 mm anti-tank gun can make short work of armored columns
* A well-timed shot from the 75 mm gun when firing High Explosive can tear an aircraft apart
* Extremely effective in tank realistic battles with air superiority. The 75 mm can take out even the most heavily armored allied tanks
* The 7.62 mm machine guns allow for engaging unarmored targets without wasting 75 mm ammunition
* Can take a fair amount of punishment
* Quite a stable gun platform

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely slow from under-powered engines
* Terrible climb rate
* Not particularly maneuverable
* Poor energy retention
* Damage to engines can lose enough power to the extent that the plane simply falls out of the sky
* No defensive armament translates to a "sitting duck" in some combat situations, especially without friendly fighters in the air
* Cockpit has very thin armor that leaves pilot vulnerable to most enemy projectiles
* The gun has large horizontal dropoff (if you dive at a higher angle, the shots will be more accurate to where you put the crosshair)

== History ==
Production in 1944, The B-3 variant got installed the 7.5cm BK 7,5, which is the lighter version of the PaK 40 which already been tested on Junkers Ju 88. The 7.5cm BK 7,5 have 12 rounds in a rotary magazine. The gun is fully automatic, with a new designed hydraulic recoil dampening system and a more aerodynamic muzzle brake. The gun pod have a circular port to let the cartridges eject after fire. The 7.5cm BK 7,5 is the most powerful forward firing weapon ever fitted to a production aircraft at the time. It can theatrically destroy any armored target it found. The Hs 129 B-3 had only produced 25 units.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=%23hs129b3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|VHJN6ZWOmnY|'''The bane of tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:12 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==

* [[Hs 129 B-2]]
* [[Hs 129 B-2 (Romania)|Hs 129 B-2 (Romania) in German premium tech tree]]
* [[Hs 129 B-2 (Romania) (Italy)|Hs 129 B-2 (Romania) in Italian premium tech tree]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/2689--en|[Ugly Ducklings] - Hs 129]]

{{AirManufacturer Henschel}}
{{Germany attackers}}

M16 MGMC

2020-09-19T06:37:25Z

U37697836: /* Ammo racks */ Update information in the ammo rack section, picture added

{{Specs-Card|code=us_halftrack_m16}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M16MGMC.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft (SPAA) {{Battle-rating}}. It was one of the first American vehicles to be released with the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. Unlike its predecessor, the [[M13 MGMC|M13 MGMC]], the M16 is equipped with not two, but four .50 calibre machine guns mounted on a Maxson M45 Quadmount to fight against enemy aircraft.

The point of the vehicle is to protect the team against threatening aircraft, it does so quite unusual when compared to other nations SPAA of this rank. Other nations SPAA come equipped with cannons, like the Sd.kfz 6/2 of Germany that comes equipped with the lethal 37 mm Flak 18. The M16 MGC uses several HMGs to shoot down hostile aircraft with a hail of bullets that focuses on volume-of-fire rather than damage-per-round.

Multiple heavy machine guns harmonized together to allow for surprisingly decent self-defence against poorly armoured enemy tanks and equipment.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 6.35 mm (31°) ''Hood front'' 12.7 mm (31°) ''Driver port'' || 6.35 mm || 6.35 mm || N/A
|-
| Turret || 12.7 mm || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension bogies are 10 mm thick, suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, and tracks are 7 mm thick. Front wheels provide 2 mm armour.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=210|rbMinHp=131}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 4,800 (200) || rowspan="2" | 577 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 52.84 || 73.13 || 88.80 || 98.20 || 104.47 || rowspan="2" | 18.20 || rowspan="2" | 16.10 || rowspan="2" | 14.84 || rowspan="2" | 14.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.70 || 42.00 || 51.00 || 56.40 || 60.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Common:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - These rounds work well until the others are researched.
* '''API:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|M8 armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - These are absolutely devastating in the AA role with slightly less performance against enemy tanks than AP.
* '''AP:''' {{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - These are best against enemy tanks at close range and do good damage to planes.
* '''APIT:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - Better than API in all regards but not as good against tanks as AP, this is the belt of choice in almost all situations. Since every bullet is a tracer, it makes destroying aircraft much easier and detectability is not greatly increased over AP-I, however is increased a bit over AP.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Common || 31 || 30 || 26 || 22 || 18 || 15
|-
| API || 30 || 29 || 24 || 20 || 16 || 13
|-
| AP || 31 || 30 || 26 || 22 || 18 || 15
|-
| APIT || 30 || 29 || 24 || 20 || 16 || 13
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Belt details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| APIT || API-T || 929 || 0.04 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 56° || 65°
|-
|}

[[File:M16 Ammo Racks.jpg|thumb|M16 Ammo Racks]]

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''24''' || 12 ''(+12)'' || 0 ''(+24)'' || Yes
|-
|}
Notes:

* Although there are 24 ammo box, only 10 are modeled including 4 loaded on the machine guns.
* Since there are four .50 M2HB machine guns, each reload will load 4 ammo boxes onto the guns each contains 200 rounds.

== Usage in battles ==

First of all go to a good open spot, most times it is enough to stay in the spawn point. Best ammunition for this vehicle are API (Armour Piercing Incendiary bullet) or APIT (Armour Piercing Incendiary Tracer bullet), as the specialized AP belt doesn't offer a significant advantage.

"The Meat Chopper" is inaccurate when enemy planes are operating at high altitudes, but in these cases, its function is more psychological than effective. Shooting short bursts at enemy planes at high altitudes will show them that the team is always covered by AA fire and it won't be an easy task a ground attack.

When an enemy is diving, the best way to defend the attack is by creating a thick fire curtain with prolonged bursts.
The most vulnerable moment for aircraft is when they just dropped bombs or rockets and climb again. They´re flying very slow and become easy targets.
Take care if planes are attacking. Fighters with their MG´s and cannons are a great menace. So start moving while firing and take cover behind trees or even buildings.

Watch out for remaining ammunition. The {{PAGENAME}} has 800 rounds to shoot but reloading is very slow, making the {{PAGENAME}} and the team vulnerable in the worst moments. More than 200 rounds is a good margin.

Don't try to do anti-tank tasks, the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with 50 cal. Machine guns are not as effective as cannons at fighting more armoured vehicles, as they have much less penetration, so stay at the spawn point and do anti-aircraft work. The machine gun tracers can reveal enemy snipers position shooting, allowing teammates to see them, but it's not advisable.

In addition, artillery barrages are very dangerous, move immediately and relocate.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| API
| Horizontal Drive
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| AP
| Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| APIT
| Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful guns that can shred planes with well-aimed bursts within 1 km
* API shells are powerful enough to damage or even destroy enemy light tanks and other SPAAs
* Fast on flat ground and can remarkably speed through terrain that would impede wheeled vehicles
* Can turn in place, compared to other wheeled SPAA
* Great acceleration
* Fast turret traverse allows following aircraft easily
* Can shrug off rifle calibre ammunition (<7.92 mm) quite easily
* Fast reverse speeds, can evacuate an area quickly if necessary
* Accurate on the move

'''Cons:'''

* Armour will not resist HMG fire and shrapnel
* A nearby explosion will seriously damage the vehicle and injure or maim the crew
* Fighter aircraft can destroy this vehicle, especially cannon-armed fighters
* Can not hurt vehicles to a full extent of its rank and Battle Rating, excluding SPAA trucks and half-tracks
* Engine catches fire easily and the vehicle can be "tracked
* No weight to pull: Towing or pushing allies is nearly impossible unless it is a lighter vehicle
* Prone to tipping over when turning at high speeds or travelling across steep inclines
* Only 1 spare crew member
* Cannot turn on the spot, as it is a half-track

== History ==

===Development===
The role of a mobile anti-aircraft vehicle in the US Army was seen as necessary in order to protect ground troops from enemy aircraft at any place of their deployment. The first such development was the [[M13 MGMC|M13 MGMC]], which was an anti-aircraft system of two .50 cal machine gun on the back of an M3 Half-Track car. The M13 served with some success, but by 1943 an upgraded version was in production.

The new vehicle in development was an improvement over the M13 MGMC from replacing the two .50 cal machine guns with four instead, while still based off the M13 design by using the M3 Half-Track as the chassis. The prototype was called the ''T61 MGMC'', but once accepted at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds, it was designated the '''M16 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage'''. During the evaluations, some changes to the design were made, including the addition of a gun shield. Production started in May 1943 and continued on until March 1944 with the production of 2,877 M16 MGMC vehicles by White Motor Company. An additional 568 M13 and 109 T10 Half-tracks were also converted into M16 vehicles for a total of about 3,550 M16 units made.

===Combat usage===
The M16 MGMC saw service in early 1944, replacing the M13 that came before it. Deployment of the M16 MGMC is usually alongside the [[M15A1 CGMC|M15 CGMC]], another anti-aircraft weapon equipped with a 37 mm autocannon as well as two .50 machine guns. The M16 MGMC was very popular with the troops as not only was it able to take down low-flying aircraft with relative ease, it was also used in an infantry support role where it earns the nickname "The Meat Chopper". The ability to provide covering fire with its four .50 calibre machine guns give the M16 a huge firepower advantage over the standard infantry and in some cases, were used to cut down trees where snipers were suspected to be hiding. The M16 also saw service with the Allies in the British Commonwealth and the Soviet Union, where they make use of it in the same way America did in anti-aircraft and ground support roles. The M16 saw service in the Italian Campaign, the French Campaign, and the Battle of the Bulge.

After World War II, the M16 MGMC still saw service in American forces in the Korean War, as well as by their South Korean allies. While still superb at a ground support role, the advancing technology in aircraft make them more advanced and durable to the .50 calibre machine guns and so its effect as an anti-aircraft gun has diminished. By late 1951, the M16 MGMC was declared a "limited standard" and were gradually retired from US service, though they continued to serve until the end of the US involvement in the Korean War. The M16 MGMC was finally declared obsolete by 1958.

=== In-game description ===
The W.L. Maxson Corporation developed the M45 turret emplacement, which was equipped with four 12.7 mm Browning M2HB machine guns, to meet troop requirements for more concentrated defensive fire. The new turret was tested on the M2 half-track personnel carrier chassis, later moving to the M3 chassis.

The self-propelled AA weapon with the new turret went through trials and was accepted as the M16 MGMC.

The new vehicles were produced by the White Motor Company beginning in May 1943, continuing through 1943 and into 1944. In all, 2,877 units were assembled.

Almost all of the M16 MGMCs served in the US army's AA divisions, while an additional 70 were sent to the Free French army. The model was used primarily in the European theater to go along with a small number that saw action in the Philippines.

The M16 MGMC was successfully used against both air and ground targets, as well as to take out enemy infantry. It was also used somewhat widely by US army divisions during the Korean War, after which it was removed from service.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[M13 MGMC]] - The preceding American SPAA, also based on a half-track.
* [[M15A1 CGMC]] - The succeeding American SPAA, also based on a half-track.
* [[Sd.Kfz. 6/2]] - A German SPAA with a similar BR.
* [[GAZ-MM (72-K)]] - An equivalent Soviet SPAA.
* [[AEC AA]] - A British SPAA with a similar BR.

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/677/|[Devblog] Steel Generals: M16 Halftrack]]
* [[wt:en/devblog/current/719/|[Devblog] Developers about the M16 MGMC]]
* [[wt:en/news/3511/current/|[Vehicle Profile] M16 MGMC - The Meat Chopper]]

{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}}

File:Ammoracks M16 MGMC.jpg

2020-09-19T06:36:28Z

U37697836:

M16 ammo racks

KPz-70

2020-09-16T22:20:56Z

U37697836: updated /* Read also */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_kpz_70}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_KPz-70.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A"]].

The KPz-70 displays impressive mobility, in terms of its ability to pickup and maintain speed over various terrains - albeit it is somewhat lackluster compared to some of the top rank vehicles such as the [[M1 Abrams|M1 Abrams]] and [[T-80B]]. This unfortunately negates many of the advantages the KPz-70 maintained during its reign as a top-rank vehicle. However, this doesn't change the need to utilize what mobility the vehicle has - it's the best weapon the KPz-70 has.

Unlike the Soviet T-64A (its main rival), the KPz-70 does not utilize composite armour, but an air gap that forces munitions penetrating the initial layers to lose their mass by fragmenting apart before moving to the next layer of armour. This general design concept has been in use as far back as WW2 and is even used to this day on modern fighting vehicles.

Spaced armour works wonderfully well against shaped charge munitions or any other munition with explosive filler provided it is of a stronger protection rating. Proceeding weapons and munitions development has seen this benefit decreased with either more powerful or tandem charge warheads and can be seen in-game against weapons that proceeded different designs of spaced armour. As such, the KPz-70 will find weapons that were designed to defeat spaced armour such as the HOT-K3S ATGM and BAE Swingfire system that will penetrate it. However, the spaced armour in the KPz-70 works exactly as it was designed to do against older anti-tank missiles, HEAT, HE, and HESH munitions.

The tank mounts no external spaced armour. The armour on the side and rear of the tank is not worth mentioning as it will only stop light machine gun fire and some cannon fire on the turret. Adversary SABOT rounds will penetrate clear through the engine and into the crew compartment most likely destroying the tank if engaged from behind.

The most important feature that makes a tank is the cannon. In this department, the KPz-70 is no slouch. The 152 mm gun launcher system (the same one used on the [[M551|M551 Sheridan]]), but with a longer barrel and is capable of firing a variety of munition types including an experimental APFSDS round, a traditional HEAT round (with high penetration), an experimental smoke round, and lastly the very capable and proven MGM-61C Shillelagh. This wide range of munition choices gives the operator a variety of options in a pre-combat configuration which can greatly either hinder or enhance the tankers capability on the battlefield. The benefit of a longer barrel compared to its Sheridan counterpart ensures the KPz-70 is much more accurate at range and that the rounds leave the barrel at higher velocities thus increasing their overall damage-dealing capabilities.

Additionally, the 152 mm gun launcher gets equipped with an autoloader, greatly reducing its time between followup shots on a target.

For targeting, the option to equip an incredibly accurate laser range finder is available. Additionally, the 7.62 mm machine gun mounted in the turret can be used for range finding as well.

The Rheinmetall Rh 202 20 mm autocannon is highly effective at dealing with lightly armoured battlefield threats and on some tanks exposed sides or rears. In some situations, it may be more beneficial to utilize the 20 mm as it will allow the tank to deal damage rapidly while conserving the 152 mm main cannon ammunition. The cannon is also highly effective at shooting down low flying attackers. Note that if the commander is knocked out, the 20 mm will become unusable.

The KPz-70 is equipped with a diesel-fueled 1,500 horsepower (1,100 kW) Daimler Benz V12 engine. This engine pack compared to its American counterpart produces more power, but only slightly so giving the KPz-70 an amazing 29.8 hp/t at 50 - 51.7 tons (depending on upgrade configuration).

A highly advantageous feature is the [[Hydropneumatic suspension|hydropneumatic suspension]] system which not only provides great cross country mobility but allows the crew to position the vehicle in such a way to only expose the strongest armour at an enemy threat. The suspension can also be used to gain further gun depression by raising the rear of the tank and lowering the front thus allowing the gunner to engage from a position that he might not have been able to engage from previously.

The KPz-70 features the standard NATO track and block design that can be found on most NATO vehicles. The rubber track blocks provide great traction off-road and on-road compared to all-metal tracks found on other fighting vehicles as sliding on a short halt or drifting is minimized.

Because of the elevated engine deck, gun depression is decreased significantly when firing or aiming the gun over the rear of the tank.

An unconventional feature at the time the KPz-70 was designed was the housing of all the crew members in the turret. Because of the autoloading system, the need for a loader was eliminated and due to an attempt to further lower the silhouette of the tank, the driver was located to the turret with the gunner and commander. This can have potentially devastating consequences on the battlefield as the crew can easily be injured or incapacitated by penetrating munitions entering the crew compartment.

For defensive countermeasures, the tank is equipped with quad four-barrel externally mounted smoke canister launchers which can provide either a defensive screen for the tank or friendly forces. These launchers can be fired in pairs of two. Keep in mind the smoke grenade launchers are operated by the gunner so should he become incapacitated in a fight, the smokes will become unavailable until the gunner is either replaced by another crew member or the crew replenishment consumable restores them.

Due to its low profile and effective array of camouflage options the KPz-70 scores high marks in the concealability category. It has a total of 4 camouflage options available to it. The standard (a 3 tone NATO CARC camouflage), winter camouflage (requires 700 battles against other players in the tank), a brown camouflage for desert environments, and lastly an olive drab option. The addition of various foliage can further increase the ability to conceal the tank.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Spaced armour (Hull front, Turret front)
* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 34* mm (60-61°) ''Front glacis'' 76.2 mm (64°) ''Lower glacis'' || 23 mm (40°) ''Top'' 23-35 mm ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (12°) ''Top'' 13 mm (57°) ''Bottom'' 8 mm (12°) ''Engine exhaust'' || 20 mm ''Front'' 8-12.7 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Turret || 50-200 mm (0-75°) || 12.7-38* mm (29-34°) || 12.7* mm (27-80°) || 20-50 mm ''Front'' 12.7 mm ''Rear turret''
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 25 mm || 25 mm
|-
! Spaced armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 200 mm ''Kinetic'' 170 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
| Turret || 320 mm ''Kinetic'' 280 mm ''Chemical'' || '''38 mm sections:''' 320 mm ''Kinetic'' 280 mm ''Chemical'' '''12.7 mm sections:''' 35 mm ''Kinetic'' 40 mm ''Chemical'' || 35 mm ''Kinetic'' 40 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 16 mm thick.
* Gun mantlet ring around the gun barrel is 305 mm thick.
* A 16 mm RHA plate separates the engine from the crew compartment
* Hull spaced armour configuration is 34 mm RHA + 127 mm air + 46 mm RHA.
* Turret spaced armour configuration is 38 mm RHA + 127 mm air + 130-33 mm RHA.
* Turret rear spaced armour configuration is 13 mm RHA + 38 mm air + 19 mm RHA.

The main weakness of the KPz-70 to take advantage of as an opposing player is the weak armour when compared to other tanks of its rank. If the KPz-70 can be baited to come towards a position, it becomes much easier to fight. Avoid springing a well-placed KPz-70 ambush if at all possible or try to sneak around him to flank and attack his weakest armour. A well-placed shot through the side of the turret is generally ensured destruction as all of the crew is located in the turret along with an ammunition store with rounds being located under the turret basket.

With the proper position or speed, try getting around the KPz-70 and engaging him from where it does not expect. It's important to remember the KPz-70 has the ability to quickly snap the turret around and engage any enemy, so surprising the tank is of the up-most central importance to come out victorious.

Another weakness that can be exploited is its speed. Because of its speed, unskilled players or players unfamiliar with its play style will often rush into situations they are not equipped to fight properly and find themselves overwhelmed, allowing a prepared defence to eliminate them.

One last weak spot worth mentioning is the turret ring. High penetrating munitions can completely pierce this section and travel into the crew compartment. SABOT rounds are especially effective at this. Any tank or SPAA with fast firing 30+ mm gun can penetrate it easily.

Do not try to out-shoot the KPz-70 as it has a very rapid reload that in most cases will ensure that unless the tank's ability to fire is disabled, it will recover and continue to fire to disable or destroy its offender.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 2325|rbMinHp= 1327|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|XM150E5 (152 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[XM150E5 (152 mm)|152 mm XM150E5]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 48 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 46.0 || 47.4 || 55.6 || 61.7 || 67.8 || rowspan="2" | 6.00 || rowspan="2" | 6.00 || rowspan="2" | 6.00 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 21.4 || 25.2 || 29.5 || 32.8 || 36.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| XM578E1 || APFSDS || 346 || 343 || 334 || 323 || 311 || 300
|-
| M409A1 || HEAT || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380
|-
| MGM-51C || ATGM || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| XM578E1 || APFSDS || 1,478 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M409A1 || HEAT || 754 || 18.9 || N/A || 0.1 || 3,730 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| MGM-51C || ATGM || 323 || 27.8 || N/A || 0.1 || 3,600 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| XM410E1 || 754 || 18.9 || 25 || 5 || 30 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''48''' || 44 ''(+4)'' || 33 ''(+15)'' || 25 ''(+23)'' || 13 ''(+35)'' || 1 ''(+47)'' || No
|-
|}

2nd rack empty: 33 ''(+15)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Rh202 (20 mm)|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

KPz-70 is one of the few medium tanks (aside from French and [[MBT-70]]) to carry 20 mm coaxial autocannon. This weapon '''should not''' be treated lightly or dismissed as "just an anti-aircraft" gun, as it has 57 mm penetration at flat angle, and it will shred anything from light tanks and SPAA, to lightly armoured medium tanks' sides and SPG, if they are not angled. In case that their armour cannot be penetrated, use the autocannon to destroy a hostile tank's gun barrel and make them helpless, then return fire. This is even more effective, considering the main cannon can fire ATGM directly at enemy tank without losing the penetration or accuracy even when its barrel is broken, allowing you to punish people fishing for easy cannon barrel takedowns.

If necessary, the 20 mm can also fire at the sky to take out helicopters and careless jet pilots.

Do note, that this pintle-mounted weapon is not protected by anything - HE hit to the hull (for example, if SAM tank fires at it) will likely obliterate it, forcing it to do pathetic damage and jam or miss a lot. Do not forget to repair it.

7.62 mm machine gun is simply used to make bullet screens against hostile ATGM or to put more pressure on aircrafts, if they can be targeted by it.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rh202 (20 mm)|20 mm Rh202]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 750 (750) || 900 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The tank plays very much like the [[Leopard_A1A1|Leopard 1A1A1]]. Players familiar with the Leopard play style will easily adapt to the KPz-70. It has reasonable mobility, especially with full upgrades and aced crew, allowing it to manoeuvre into spots not typically accessible by less mobile tanks. Utilize this to an advantage to set up ambushes as this is how the KPz-70 will get the best of many opponents. It's important to recognize when engagement is not beneficial so that the tank may get a better position or escape from the threat.

Despite the initial appearance of strong frontal armour, it's important to remember when compared to its counterparts at its rank, it is not nearly enough to defeat threats head-on such as the [[T-64A_(1971)|T-64A]]. Even ATGM from missile vehicles such as the [[RakJPz_2_(HOT)|Raketenjagdpanzer 2 HOT]] will penetrate the turret and upper glacis plate. Even other Rank V tanks can and will penetrate from the front. Because of the rather condensed placement of crew and ammunition, the KPz-70 will most likely be destroyed. Because of this, it is critical that the KPz-70 gets the first shot off in engagement and ensure it is either eliminated or crippled to such a capacity they either cannot engage or will instinctively panic and try to run to repair or determine the engagement location.

The gun is especially versatile and powerful with a wide range of ammunition selection, but generally, the cannon launched ATGM's and sabot rounds will get the job done in most situations. The 20 mm turret roof-mounted cannon is great for taking out lightly armoured targets (to include some tanks, ATGM vehicles, etc), anti-air, and aircraft.

Essentially, if this tank is treated like a Leopard, the survivability rate will increase dramatically. The hydropneumatic suspension allows the tank to position in such ways that it can engage from non-conventional spots while exposing only the strongest armour towards the threat. The low silhouette makes the tank especially difficult to hit at longer ranges and this can be further enhanced (situation dependent) by the adjustable suspension. Because of the accurate cannon, it will also find be easy to engage at longer ranges which will maximize the KPz-70's strengths while reducing the targets.

In summary, the KPz-70 is a great addition to any end game lineup as it provides great flexibility in almost all engagements and is well worth the time and investment to acquire.

===Tactics===
Ambushing is the tank's strength. As covered previously, utilize the speed to get into firing positions quickly and cause chaos and confusion among the enemy.

The KPz-70 can also quickly capture objective points and when used properly hold positions so long as it does not stay in any one place too long.

Scoot and shoot tactics will benefit the KPz-70 play style as well as terrain masking techniques.

Should the tank have to fight in closer engagement ranges or in close quarters, it's critical to always remember the armour will not protect the tank reliably. However, the speed, fast-rotating turret, and manoeuvrability will. Provided the player utilizes these to their advantage, the KPz-70 will be able to control the fight. Recognize when the enemy is baiting the tank into an ambush and avoid them as the KPz-70 doesn't stand a great chance of conducting a counter-ambush due to the weak armour.

If the KPz-70 does find itself a victim of an ambush, launch a smokescreen, escape, and reassess for a counter-ambush.

The KPz-70 benefits greatly from squad play. A skilled lone KPz-70 is most certainly a threat on the battlefield but 2 or even 3 KPz-70's working in conjunction with each other in a squad is an extreme danger to the opposing team as the use of squad tactics in combination with the great strengths of the tank can almost completely control the momentum of the conflict.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|XM410E1
|
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|XM578E1
|
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|Smoke grenade
|
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|Artillery Support
|Laser rangefinder
|NVD
|-
|}

The recommended research order of modules is Parts, FPE, the XM578E1 APFSDS shell, NVD, mobility modifications, and then any remaining modules.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great mobility, although out-stripped by some vehicles that utilize turbine engines
* Extremely fast in both forwards and reverse
* Fast reload at 6 seconds with autoloader
* Great gun, with access to various types of ammunition, ATGMs included
* 20mm autocannon anti-aircraft gun mounted on the top of the tank
* Low profile for visibility
* Has a hydropneumatic suspension system
* The fuel tanks in the hull can absorb HEAT-FS shells

'''Cons:'''

* Unimpressive frontal plate armour, the turret ring is also exposed, allowing SPAA and light tanks to destroy it frontally
* Vulnerable to the rear, if the hydropneumatic suspension is not used
* Optics are vulnerable and can cause ATGMs and HE to explode downwards into the crew compartment
* Very easy to one shot because of 3 crew cramped in the turret

== History ==


Being threatened by the Soviet T-64 tank, Germany and the United States joined together to develop a new main battle tank in the mid-1960s. This became the MBT/KPz-70 project. The new main battle tank would use advanced technology of the time, including hydropneumatic suspension, 152mm gun/launcher capable firing tank shell and ATGM, autoloading system, spaced armour, 1500 horsepower diesel engine and remote-controlled weapon station. Everything looks perfect on paper, but in reality, there were many problems. The autoloading system could load Shillelagh missile quite easily, but it would jam the tank shell. The housing of the driver in a rotating cupola inside the turret would cause an unanticipated problems to the driver. The caseless ammunition would also become unusable if the humidity is high.

With such design problems and over budget, MBT/KPz-70 project was officially cancelled in 1971. Though the MBT/KPz-70 never entered service, many of its design and technology had been passed on to its successor: M1 Abrams and Keiler, the latter of which became the Leopard 2.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=germ_kpz_70 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ly9JS6errQQ|'''Best secondary armaments''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 6:03 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|PosWOnOGkSo|'''Best experimental vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:27 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== Read also ==

* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/4923-gamescom-kpz-70-mbt-70-a-warrior-of-two-armies-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> KPz-70 & MBT-70 - A Warrior of Two Armies]
* [[MBT-70]]
* [[VT1-2]]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany medium tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

JPz 4-5

2020-09-16T22:16:39Z

U37697836: Checked the data for the whole page, updated all of them, including armor, main armament, ammunition. Added See Also.

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_kanonenjagdpanzer}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' or ''Kanonenjagdpanzer'' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. This tank was added during [[Update 1.53 "Firestorm"]]. Built on the [[Ru 251]] chassis, the {{PAGENAME}} takes the design of the World War II [[Jagdpanzer IV]] to have a low profile in order to perform ambush duties against enemy tanks.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The 50 mm thick frontal plate protects the crew against heavy machine gun fire and some small calibre cannons. Care must be taken in regards to strafing planes since .50 cal rounds can penetrate your roof armour with ease, usually resulting in 1-2 crew loss and potential engine fire.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof
|-
| Hull Superstructure|| 50 mm (51°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (54°) ''Lower glacis''|| 30 mm (35°) ''Top'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (44°) ''Top'' 30 mm (41°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm ''General area'' 20 mm ''Front part''
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 10 mm || 10 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 710|rbMinHp= 442}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is quite mobile for a tank destroyer due to its light weight, which means it can get into a sniping position early in the game and quickly change locations if spotted.
The reverse speed is very good, cruising at -30/-20 km/h (AB/RB) in a heartbeat, with the possibility to reach a maximum speed of -51/-43 km/h.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|BK 90 (90 mm)}}

Equipped with Rheinmetall BK 90/L40 90 mm anti-tank gun. When the Soviets began deploying their [[T-64A (1971)|T-64]] and [[T-72A|T-72]] main battle tanks, the 90 mm gun was not capable of engaging them in long-range combat and at that point the Kanonenjagdpanzer 90 mm became obsolete, despite the claims from manufacturers that the JPz 4-5 could be rearmed with a 105 mm gun.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[BK90 (90 mm)|90mm BK90]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 51 || -8°/+15° || ±15° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' ||7.04||9.75||11.84||13.10||13.93
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 4.80 ||5.60||6.80||7.50||8.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 7.28 ||6.44||5.90||5.60
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M332 shot || APCR || 291 || 286 || 264 || 240 || 217 || 197
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M332 shot || APCR || 1165 || 5.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 1,216 || 5.8 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 712.64 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 823 || 10.55 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 925 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 853 || 10.6 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 3,050 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
'''Last updated: 1.101.0.44'''
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''51''' || 4 ''(+47)'' || 1 ''(+50)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* The massive first rack depletes from right to left (when seen from behind).

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |[[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
!Mount
!Capacity (Belt)
!Fire rate
!Vertical
!Horizontal
|-
|Coaxial
|2500 (3 Belts)
|1,200
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|Pintle
|2500 (3 Belts)
|1,200
| colspan="2" |Unknown
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Jagdpanzer 4-5 is a very hard tank destroyer to master. It shines with excellent mobility and in rate of fire but has some serious downsides as well, such as the lack of a turret and really poor armour all around. The tank is at Rank V, which leaves almost no space for mistakes. Know the map and flank your enemies making use your excellent mobility, but don't get too carried away. Use your great mobility to get a great sniping spot early game, rather than just rushing into a capture point, because if you do, you're most likely going to be in a close-combat fight with another tank at the capture point, and the JPz isn't great in close quarters combat. When you first spawn, drive and find a flanking position that allows you to quickly drive into cover with your fast reverse gear if you make a mistake. Scan the environment for enemies and take them out one by one, but don't get too carried away with it, once you kill 2 or 3 enemy tanks get out of that area and find a different spot, because most players will be looking for you when they respawn in another tank or aircraft. In case of getting spotted get in cover as fast as possible and reposition or wait until your enemy makes a mistake, like driving out into the open or getting bored and pushing or firing their cannon.

The best way to engage the enemy in this tank is to "shoot and scoot" since this vehicle is literally a glass cannon, concealment and cover are the JPz 4-5's best friends. Don't just play the JPz like an MBT and rush into the middle of the map, sure it's fun and you might get 1 or 2 kills but you won't survive very long. Play the JPz like the M41 before it, use your speed to get a sniping spot and move from there.

When playing it stock do not engage enemies from the front because the stock APCR round is not very good against angled armour. Try to find a position that allows you to shoot your enemies from the side. Once you get the HEAT round you can afford to play a little more aggressively, though this still isn't recommended.

Play it in a way that you're never spotted by the enemy, because if you're seen by the enemy you are already dead.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="2" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|DM502
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|M431 Shell
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|Smoke Grenade
|NVD
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Low profile, meaning enemy will have a hard time searching for your silhouette
* Fast firing gun
* Fast speed and mobility
* HEAT-FS can reliably penetrate Russian sloped armour
* Great sniper (if you like this play style)

'''Cons:'''

* Glass cannon, your armour is bad all around
* Small caliber for a fifth rank tank destroyer
* Stock shell is APCR, meaning its harder than usual to research modifications
* Low versatility, meaning its only good at sniping

== History ==

{{main|Kanonenjagdpanzer (History)}}

===Development===
In the Cold War, the Bundeswehr, West Germany's defence forces, envisaged a tactical doctrine of a mobile defence system. This system would require the use of traditional tank destroyers as they were during World War II. Their role would be to provide infantry support against an armoured target with their powerful guns.

Hanomag and Henschel of Germany, along with MOWAG from Switzerland, developed a prototype of a vehicle able to hold the 90 mm gun commonly used in the [[M47|M47 Patton]]. The first prototype was made in 1960 and these vehicles were produced until 1967. The vehicle was known as the '''Kanonenjagdpanzer 4-5''', or shortened to '''Kanonenjagdpanzer'''. 770 were built for the Bundeswehr, West Germany's defence forces, and 80 of these produced models were also given to Belgium in April 1975.

===Design===
The Kanonenjagdpanzer takes a huge design similarity to the [[Jagdpanzer IV]] design, with a very low profile to present itself less of a target. However, the armour is only 50 mm thick sloping, which itself is the very thing for the era the vehicle was introduced. The vehicle carries a crew of four people to perform its functions. The 90 mm gun is fixed on a casemate structure, thus it has limited traverse like traditional tank destroyer designs. Inside the vehicle, there are provisions for holding 51 rounds for the main gun, plus about 4,000 machine gun rounds for the coaxial. Aside from that, additional protection the vehicle protects is NBC protection to combat against weapons of mass destruction.

===Usage===
The Kanonenjagdpanzer saw use in tank destroyer companies within mechanized and mountain infantry brigades of the Bundeswehr. However, the newer Soviet second-generation main battle tanks, the T-64 and the T-72, were more than capable of taking on the 90 mm gun the Kanonenjagdpanzer is equipped with, and so the Kanonenjagdpanzer was declared obsolete. The producers tried to lengthen its service life by claiming that the [[L7A1 (105 mm)|105 mm L7 gun]] can be adapted into the design, but this proved fruitless.

The Kanonenjagdpanzer, due to its obsolete status, saw more usage in specialized roles. Between 1983 and 1985, about 163 Kanonenjagdpanzer were converted into ''Raketenjagdpanzer Jaguar 2'' (not to be confused with the ''[[RakJPz 2|Raketenjagdpanzer 2]]''), a vehicle with a [[BGM-71B_TOW|TOW]] [[Anti-tank_guided_missiles|anti-tank guided missile]] on the roof. Others were converted to artillery observation vehicle named ''Beobachtungspanzer'' and served in mortar units to direct fire.

The Kanonenjagdpanzer design stayed with the Bundeswehr up until 1990, when they were formally retired from service.

=== In-game description ===
The project to develop the self-propelled antitank mount was begun in the mid-1950s by specialists from the companies Hanomag (Hannoversche Maschinenbau AG) and Henschel (Rheinstahl Henschel AG). The base selected for the new vehicle was the Schützenpanzer Lang HS.30 armored transporter. The first prototype of the SPG with the designation Kanonenjagdpanzer 1-3 was assembled in 1959. The tests revealed significant flaws in the vehicle. As a result, more work was done to refine it. The decision was made to arm the new SPG with a 90mm antitank cannon similar to the one installed on the American M47 Patton II.

By 1961 each development company had built its own experimental model. Both models were presented for testing. After comparative testing, as well as the merger of the two companies, the decision was made to combine the efforts of the specialists from both companies in order to build a single experimental model. Work on the creation and testing of the new model continued until 1965.

After all testing was complete in 1966 the new vehicle was accepted as part of the arsenal under the designation JPz 4-5. The SPG was built serially from 1966 to 1967. During its production the companies Hanomag and Henschel each built 385 vehicles.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=germ_kanonenjagdpanzer Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|T4oE2ImpIf8|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|jmxOQgwtw4A|'''Jagdpanzer Kanone - KaJaPa''' - ''Olaf Kievit''}}

== See also ==

* [[Ru 251]]
* [[RakJPz 2]]
* [[RakJPz 2 (HOT)]]

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/831 [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Jagdpanzer 4-5 with developer's answers]
* [[Wikipedia:Kanonenjagdpanzer|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Kanonenjagdpanzer]]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

RakJPz 2 (HOT)

2020-09-16T21:45:39Z

U37697836: added Media and See also, finished up the page

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_raketenjagdpanzer_2_hot}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (not to be confused with the Jaguar 1) is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. Compared to its [[RakJPz 2|predecessor]], this variant has an upgraded missile known as the '''HOT''' ('''H'''igh Subsonic '''O'''ptical Remote-Guided, '''T'''ube-Launched) that is aimed by simply sticking the gun's sight onto the desired target.

Due to its relatively low profile, the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 HOT is able to completely conceal itself behind hills and rocks and fire over them. This allows for quick hit and run strikes, and ambushes are made much easier. According to several commanders, the reverse rate of this vehicle is outstanding, allowing retreat if needed. The ATGM itself is rather glitchy in long-range flight but is outstanding in mid to close range engagements. However, it cannot fire directly in front of it, nor does the ATGM perform well in vertical manoeuvring.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50 mm (51°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (54°) ''Lower glacis'' || 30 mm (35°) ''Top'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (44°) ''Top'' 30 mm (41°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm
|-
| Turret || 20 mm || 20 mm || 20 mm || 20 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Turret has a very low profile, but is very vulnerable

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 710|rbMinHp= 442|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|HOT-K3S}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | 150 mm [[HOT-K3S]] ATGM
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="2" | 20 || 5 || -5°/+10° || ±15° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 22.0 || 30.5 ||37.0||40.9||43.5
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 14.8 || 17.5 ||21.3||23.5||25.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 10.0 || 10.0 || 10.0 || 10.0
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| HOT || ATGM || 800 || 800 || 800 || 800 || 800 || 800
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="14" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Maximum Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| HOT || ATGM || 240 || 26 || 4,000 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 3,000 || +0° || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}

[[File:RakJPz 2 HOT ammo rack.jpg|thumb|Ammo rack of the RakJPz 2 (HOT)]]

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''20''' || 1 (+19) || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}
Note

* There is only one ammo rack in this vehicle, no replenishment of first-stage ammo needed.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG 3A1]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 2,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || -10°/+20° || ±90°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The RakJPz 2 (HOT) is a very deadly vehicle if played correctly. The vehicle is extremely lightly armored and has to be mainly played in defensive positions. The location of the launcher and sight give it the ability to hide the hull of the vehicle and only expose the launcher keeping you protected while still being able to destroy oncoming enemies.
=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="2" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|
|
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|Smoke Grenade
|NVD
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Low profile
* Good horizontal control of the ATGM
* Amazing penetration
* Fast and manoeuvrable
* HOT missile can penetrate Rank VI special armour
* Can fire on the move

'''Cons:'''

* Poor vertical control of the ATGM
* If flanked, cannot return fire easily
* Fires up initially, preventing the tank from firing directly in front of it

== History ==

{{main|Raketenjagdpanzer 2 (History)}}

===Development===
In the 1960s, development of a missile carrier acting as a tank destroyer. The result came in 1961 with the ''Raketenjagdpanzer 1'', which features the French SS.11 anti-tank missile. The Raketenjagdpanzer 1 features two mounts for the missiles, but only one is available at a time as while one remains ready to fire, the other is reloading inside the vehicle. The vehicle can hold 10 missiles inside on a Hispano-Suiza HS-30 chassis. The vehicle carried lots of problems with the HS-30 chassis so only a limited amount was made at only 95 vehicles produced from 1961 to 1962. A second version was produced alongside the [[JPz 4-5|Jagdpanzer 4-5]] between 1963 and 1965, and the two were designed on the same chassis. The finished model was designated the ''[[RakJPz 2|Raketenjagdpanzer 2]]'' and this was accepted into service in 1967 for the German Bundeswehr. The Raketenjagdpanzer 2 was produced from 1967 to 1968 with a total of 318 units produced.

===Design===
Though slightly larger than the Raketenjagdpanzer 1, the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 had better automotive performances with a newer chassis and using a 500 hp diesel engine and a torsion bar suspension. The new vehicle chassis design allowed for increased missile storage for 14 SS.11 missiles. The Raketenjagdpanzer 2 features two rails for the missiles, both ready to fire and reloads are done automatically by each mount inside the vehicle. The SS.11 missiles allow the vehicle to engage enemy armour up to 3 kilometres away, with the missiles strong enough to take out most Soviet armour at the time. MG3 machine guns were added onto the vehicle for anti-infantry and anti-aircraft defence purposes.

===Usage===
The German Bundeswehr used the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 from 1967 as far as to the early 2000s. The Raketenjagdpanzer 2's purpose was to engage enemy armour in the ranges between 1.5 to 3 kilometres away, which tank armaments accuracy and power are reduced at the distances. The SS.11 missile's range and lethality made the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 perfect for its role as it could defeat the main Soviet tanks such as the [[T-54 (1951)|T-54/55]] and [[T-62]]. The Germans organized the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 in tank destroyer companies attached to Panzergrenadier brigades and Panzer brigades, with eight vehicles per company in the Panzergrenadier brigades and 13 vehicles per company in the Panzer brigades. When the manual-guided SS.11 missiles became obsolete, the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 underwent an upgrade between 1978 and 1982 in armour and in its missile armament from the SS.11 to the '''HOT''' ('''H'''igh Subsonic '''O'''ptical Remote-Guided, '''T'''ube-Launched) missiles with improved lethality and guidance system. The upgraded Raketenjagdpanzer 2 was called the '''[[RakJPz 2 (HOT)|Raketenjagdpanzer 2 HOT]]'''. This saw an improvement again between 1993 and 1995 when some extra armour, a new optic, and thermal imaging system were installed into the vehicle. This upgrade was called the Raketenjagdpanzer 3 Jaguar 1A3. The Raketenjagdpanzers were retired from the Bundeswehr in 2005 and the Austrian army in 2006, never seeing combat in the Cold War.

== Media ==
Skins:

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/ Skins and camouflages for RakJPz 2 (HOT) from live.warthunder.com]

== See also ==

* [[JPz 4-5]]
* [[RakJPz 2]]

== External links ==


* [http://warthunder.com/en/news/3737-development-raketenjagdpanzer-2-the-low-profile-slinger-en/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Raketenjagdpanzer 2, the Low Profile Slinger]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

RakJPz 2 (HOT)

2020-09-16T21:40:25Z

U37697836: Finish Main Armament and added ammo rack (with picture)

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_raketenjagdpanzer_2_hot}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (not to be confused with the Jaguar 1) is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]]. Compared to its [[RakJPz 2|predecessor]], this variant has an upgraded missile known as the '''HOT''' ('''H'''igh Subsonic '''O'''ptical Remote-Guided, '''T'''ube-Launched) that is aimed by simply sticking the gun's sight onto the desired target.

Due to its relatively low profile, the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 HOT is able to completely conceal itself behind hills and rocks and fire over them. This allows for quick hit and run strikes, and ambushes are made much easier. According to several commanders, the reverse rate of this vehicle is outstanding, allowing retreat if needed. The ATGM itself is rather glitchy in long-range flight but is outstanding in mid to close range engagements. However, it cannot fire directly in front of it, nor does the ATGM perform well in vertical manoeuvring.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50 mm (51°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (54°) ''Lower glacis'' || 30 mm (35°) ''Top'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (44°) ''Top'' 30 mm (41°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm
|-
| Turret || 20 mm || 20 mm || 20 mm || 20 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Turret has a very low profile, but is very vulnerable

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 710|rbMinHp= 442|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|HOT-K3S}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | 150 mm [[HOT-K3S]] ATGM
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="2" | 20 || 5 || -5°/+10° || ±15° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 22.0 || 30.5 ||37.0||40.9||43.5
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 14.8 || 17.5 ||21.3||23.5||25.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 10.0 || 10.0 || 10.0 || 10.0
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| HOT || ATGM || 800 || 800 || 800 || 800 || 800 || 800
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="14" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Maximum Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| HOT || ATGM || 240 || 26 || 4,000 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 3,000 || +0° || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}

[[File:RakJPz 2 HOT ammo rack.jpg|thumb|Ammo rack of the RakJPz 2 (HOT)]]

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''20''' || 1 (+19) || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}
Note

* There is only one ammo rack in this vehicle, no replenishment of first-stage ammo needed.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG 3A1]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 2,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || -10°/+20° || ±90°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The RakJPz 2 (HOT) is a very deadly vehicle if played correctly. The vehicle is extremely lightly armored and has to be mainly played in defensive positions. The location of the launcher and sight give it the ability to hide the hull of the vehicle and only expose the launcher keeping you protected while still being able to destroy oncoming enemies.
=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="2" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|
|
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|Smoke Grenade
|NVD
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Low profile
* Good horizontal control of the ATGM
* Amazing penetration
* Fast and manoeuvrable
* HOT missile can penetrate Rank VI special armour
* Can fire on the move

'''Cons:'''

* Poor vertical control of the ATGM
* If flanked, cannot return fire easily
* Fires up initially, preventing the tank from firing directly in front of it

== History ==

{{main|Raketenjagdpanzer 2 (History)}}

===Development===
In the 1960s, development of a missile carrier acting as a tank destroyer. The result came in 1961 with the ''Raketenjagdpanzer 1'', which features the French SS.11 anti-tank missile. The Raketenjagdpanzer 1 features two mounts for the missiles, but only one is available at a time as while one remains ready to fire, the other is reloading inside the vehicle. The vehicle can hold 10 missiles inside on a Hispano-Suiza HS-30 chassis. The vehicle carried lots of problems with the HS-30 chassis so only a limited amount was made at only 95 vehicles produced from 1961 to 1962. A second version was produced alongside the [[JPz 4-5|Jagdpanzer 4-5]] between 1963 and 1965, and the two were designed on the same chassis. The finished model was designated the ''[[RakJPz 2|Raketenjagdpanzer 2]]'' and this was accepted into service in 1967 for the German Bundeswehr. The Raketenjagdpanzer 2 was produced from 1967 to 1968 with a total of 318 units produced.

===Design===
Though slightly larger than the Raketenjagdpanzer 1, the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 had better automotive performances with a newer chassis and using a 500 hp diesel engine and a torsion bar suspension. The new vehicle chassis design allowed for increased missile storage for 14 SS.11 missiles. The Raketenjagdpanzer 2 features two rails for the missiles, both ready to fire and reloads are done automatically by each mount inside the vehicle. The SS.11 missiles allow the vehicle to engage enemy armour up to 3 kilometres away, with the missiles strong enough to take out most Soviet armour at the time. MG3 machine guns were added onto the vehicle for anti-infantry and anti-aircraft defence purposes.

===Usage===
The German Bundeswehr used the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 from 1967 as far as to the early 2000s. The Raketenjagdpanzer 2's purpose was to engage enemy armour in the ranges between 1.5 to 3 kilometres away, which tank armaments accuracy and power are reduced at the distances. The SS.11 missile's range and lethality made the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 perfect for its role as it could defeat the main Soviet tanks such as the [[T-54 (1951)|T-54/55]] and [[T-62]]. The Germans organized the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 in tank destroyer companies attached to Panzergrenadier brigades and Panzer brigades, with eight vehicles per company in the Panzergrenadier brigades and 13 vehicles per company in the Panzer brigades. When the manual-guided SS.11 missiles became obsolete, the Raketenjagdpanzer 2 underwent an upgrade between 1978 and 1982 in armour and in its missile armament from the SS.11 to the '''HOT''' ('''H'''igh Subsonic '''O'''ptical Remote-Guided, '''T'''ube-Launched) missiles with improved lethality and guidance system. The upgraded Raketenjagdpanzer 2 was called the '''[[RakJPz 2 (HOT)|Raketenjagdpanzer 2 HOT]]'''. This saw an improvement again between 1993 and 1995 when some extra armour, a new optic, and thermal imaging system were installed into the vehicle. This upgrade was called the Raketenjagdpanzer 3 Jaguar 1A3. The Raketenjagdpanzers were retired from the Bundeswehr in 2005 and the Austrian army in 2006, never seeing combat in the Cold War.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://warthunder.com/en/news/3737-development-raketenjagdpanzer-2-the-low-profile-slinger-en/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Raketenjagdpanzer 2, the Low Profile Slinger]

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

File:Ammoracks RakJPz 2 (HOT).jpg

2020-09-16T21:38:57Z

U37697836:

Ammo rack of RakJPz HOT

Leopard 2K

2020-09-01T00:55:30Z

U37697836: /* Armaments and Ammo racks */ With ammo racks picture inserted

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_leopard_2k}}
{{About
| about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Leopard 2 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.77 "Advancing Storm"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Armour!!Front (Slope angle)!!Sides!!Rear!!Roof
|-
|Hull||160 mm ''Upper''
120 mm ''Lower''
|65 / 95 mm ''Top''
35 / 110 mm ''Bottom''
|38 / 48 mm||20 mm
|-
|Turret||160-350 / 220-500 mm ''Turret front''
|60 / 90 mm||46 / 96 mm||20 mm
|}

<nowiki/>* Kinetic/Chemical mm

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,032|rbMinHp=1,327}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is astonishing, making it one of the most agile MBTs in its BR, able to reach a speed of 70 km/h (RB) on road.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)}}

The Leopard 2K's gun is a 120 mm Rheinmetall L44. It can be found on the later models of the tank, such as the [[Leopard 2A4]] and [[Leopard 2A5]], but does not get all of the later rounds. The rounds that the Leopard 2K gets are a DM12 HEATFS and DM13 APFSDS just like the [[Leopard A1A1 (L/44)]]. Being fitted with a 120 mm Rheinmetall gun it is effective at all ranges, capable of penetrating tanks even 1,000 m away

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)|120 mm Rheinmetall L44]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 41 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 45.0 ||64.0||70.8||75.3|| rowspan="2" | 8.7 || rowspan="2" | 7.7 || rowspan="2" | 7.1 || rowspan="2" | 6.7
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.1 ||34.0||37.6||40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM13 || APFSDS || 393 || 390 || 384 || 376 || 367 || 359
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM13 || APFSDS || 1,650 || 4.44 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.50 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 2,150 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
|}

[[File:Leopard 2K ammo racks.png|thumb|386x386px|[[Ammo racks]] for Leopard 2K]]

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''41''' || 11 ''(+30)'' || 1 ''(+40)'' || No
|-
|}

* The 2nd ammo rack is a First-stage ammo stowage and will refill from the 1st rack.

*

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Rh202 (20 mm)|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The tank has a 20 mm anti-aircraft gun situated on top of the turret which can fire over cover and be used to knock out gun barrels, light tanks, helicopters and planes. The belts are alternating HEFI-T/HVAP-T, with 57 mm of penetration at 0 degrees at 10 m. The 20 mm has quite good elevation, and rotates independently from the turret, able to surprise light tanks attempting to flank following turret ring immobilization.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rh202 (20 mm)|20 mm Rh202]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 750 (750) || 900 || -9°/+45° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

'''Stock Gameplay:'''

As with any vehicle, the Leopard 2K finds itself at a serious disadvantage while stock. Without access to the DM13 APFSDS round, users will need to play more carefully. While the DM12 HEAT-FS round is powerful, it struggles against composite armour and ERA, as well as having lacklustre post-penetration effects. Players will have to aim more carefully to deal effective damage with the DM12 HEAT round.

'''Spaded Gameplay:'''

The Leopard 2K is a powerful tank. The DM13 APFSDS round has adequate penetration, and it should be easy to destroy most enemy vehicles. The gun, ammo, and reload rate are comparable to other main battle tanks of the battle rating. The Leopard 2K does however struggle in some regards against top of the line tanks such as the [[Leopard 2A5]] and [[M1A2 Abrams]]. The armour on the Leopard 2K is rather limited, only effective against autocannon fire. Additionally, the lack of thermals means that it will be difficult for Leopard 2K players to spot enemy tanks before they are spotted. The biggest advantages of the 2K are the 20 mm which is effective against light vehicles and aircraft, and the speed of the 2K.

'''Close Range Engagements:'''

The Leopard 2K is very capable at close range. It has impressive acceleration and gun handling, giving it an edge over other vehicles. The 20 mm will easily destroy enemy light vehicles and cannon breaches, while the reload rate on the main gun is comparable to its adversaries. Brawling is one of the Leopard 2K tanks' strong suits.

'''Long Range Engagements:'''

The Leopard 2K is capable at long range, but is outclassed by many other vehicles. The cannon is powerful, but not especially so compared to its adversaries. The biggest issues the Leopard 2K will face in regards to long range engagements are the thin turret armour and lack of thermals. While the DM13 APFSDS round will fail to penetrate the turret cheeks of vehicles like the [[Challenger Mk.2]] and [[T-64B]], their rounds will have no such trouble with the Leopard 2K. The lack of thermals makes it difficult to scout for enemies through foliage, meaning trying to snipe is not an effective strategy against any enemies equipped with thermals, as they will almost certainly spot you first.

'''Gameplay summary:'''

Although the Leopard 2K is somewhat weak when stock, it is an adequate frontline tank while spaded. The good APFSDS round and 20 mm give it a strong position in the German high tier lineup. However, Leopard 2K tank commanders should play to mitigate their disadvantages in thin armour and lack of thermals. The Leopard 2K does best in close to medium range fights.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| DM13
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| Smoke grenade
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Laser rangefinder
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 120 mm gun with effective rounds
* Sloped armour has a tendency to bounce shots
* 20 mm cannon very effective against light armour, cannon barrels, and aircraft
* Excellent mobility

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armour overall
* Relatively high profile, the 20 mm gun often sticks out behind cover
* Stock HEAT-FS round struggles against some enemy vehicles' armour, especially those with ERA or composite armour
* Lack of thermals

== History ==

In the 1960s, Germany and the United States were jointly-developing the MBT-70, and Germany was contractually prevented from developing any new MBTs independently until the joint project with the US was completed.

But development problems plagued the MBT-70 project, and it appeared that the vehicle would not be finished within an acceptable time frame—so Germany found a way to bypass contractual limitations for the MBT-70 development.

Instead of ordering the development of a new tank, the German government issued an order to the Porsche company to research ways to improve the Leopard I tank already in service with the German army. This enabled Germany to research a more advanced fighting vehicle without breaching the contract signed with the US.

Porsche's first study of the Leopard I revealed a lot of room for improvement, and second study focusing on upgrading the Leopard I to match the MBT-70's firepower was launched almost immediately. This eventually resulted in the construction of two prototype vehicles—one in 1969 and one in 1970—nicknamed Keiler (tusker).

In the early 1970s, Germany was able to back out of the MBT-70 project due to spiraling development costs. Instead, they continued work on the development of the Keiler, which was renamed to Leopard 2.

The Leopard 2 project was expected to yield two versions: the Leopard 2K armed with a cannon, and the Leopard 2FK armed with a gun/launcher similar to the MBT-70. In 1971, ten prototypes were ordered, and seven more orders followed shortly thereafter.

To get the most out of their prototypes, German engineers equipped each one with different components to determine what worked best. Some Leopard 2 versions were equipped with a 105mm smoothbore cannon, whereas others were fitted with 120mm smoothbore cannons. Some prototypes received a hydraulic suspension while others didn't, and there was even a version equipped with the 20mm anti-air mount on the turret (similar to the one found on the Kpz-70).

Sixteen out of seventeen Leopard 2 prototypes were built and tested, yielding many refinements to the Leopard 2 design. Subsequent models further increased the Leopard 2's capabilities, with each variant making it more powerful—and ultimately into the Leopard 2 known today.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5309-development-leopard-2k-a-legend-in-the-making-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=germ_leopard_2k Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|WMxQNdaqA7E|'''You Need To Play This Tank Again: {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''Virus''|gyrbSUvCj-8|'''{{PAGENAME}}: the Original German Ingenuity''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''|p6cWlyUnJQA|'''Top 7 off-road beasts''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:00 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|WA3jQgZLjAg|'''The Shooting Range #94''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:29 discusses the Leopard 2K.|t6rKdgkbEWc|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|vF02GuEIww0|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5309-development-leopard-2k-a-legend-in-the-making-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Leopard 2K: A Legend In The Making]]

{{Germany medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks Leopard 2K.png

2020-09-01T00:50:26Z

U37697836:

Ammo Rack Picture for Leopard 2K

P-61C-1

2020-09-01T00:06:48Z

U37697836: /* History */ fixed the wrong history, moved the original text to P-61A where it belong to. Also adds /* See also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=p-61c_1
|cockpit=cockpit_p-61c_1.jpg
}}
{{About
| about = American twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the premium version
| link = P-61A-1
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.57 "Battle March"]].

The Northrop {{PAGENAME}} Black Widow is a heavy twin-engine strike fighter designed as the USAAF's first dedicated night-fighter and aircraft outfitted with radar. Though a large aircraft with a crew of three (pilot, turret gunner and radio/radar operator/gunner), the Black Widow utilised its speed, radar, and weapons advantages to dispatch enemy aircraft in the dead of night.

The {{PAGENAME}} is powered by dual Pratt & Whitney R-2800-73 double wasp engines, the same engines which powered the Republic P-47N Thunderbolt. The one difference between the Thunderbolt's -57C and the -73s built explicitly for the P-61 was each had a General Electric CH-5-A3 turbocharger installed. The modified engines allowed the {{PAGENAME}} to fly at all altitudes effectively. While outfitted with powerful engines, turning the aircraft causes loss of energy, and such manoeuvres should be limited as places the aircraft in vulnerable situations.
[[File:P-61c-1 bomberpilot1784 001.png|300px|thumb|left|Three-quarter view of an '''{{PAGENAME}}''' in standard all-black night-fighter paint scheme.]]

One of the roles of the {{PAGENAME}} is to operate as a bomber interceptor. During these operations, if detected, the heavy fighter is likely to encounter defensive fire. To increase survivability and protection of the crew, the Black Widow utilizes various bulletproof glass and armour protective plates throughout the fighter. The gunner who operates the remote turret has the option to utilise armour plates, which fold out of the way when not in use. The crew member sitting in the aft of the aircraft has the least amount of armour protection but is the least likely to be shot at unless being attacked from the rear.

The armament configuration of the {{PAGENAME}} is unique compared to most fighters which either utilise nose-mounted or wing-mounted guns. The Black Widow incorporates two weapon systems, the first consisting of four 20 mm AN/M2 autocannons mounted in the belly of the aircraft with a total of 800 rounds of ammunition (200 RPG). Convergence is not a factor when utilising these guns. The aircraft also incorporates a dorsal turret outfitted with four 50 calibre machine guns (2,120 rounds or 530 RPG), which can be remotely operated by the gunner or the radio/radar operator. The turret has 360-degree mobility and can fire at elevations up to 90-degrees. The turret cannot depress lower than horizontal or else it would risk firing into the wings, cockpit, tail booms or tail section. The dorsal turret is utilised for both offensive and defensive uses.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

[[File:P-61c-1 argiegrit 002.jpg|300px|thumb|right|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' opening up with its four 20 mm autocannons.]]
The P-61 climbs very well compared to twin-engine fighters from other countries. The engines overheat very slowly even when stock, while never really overheating at all when fully upgraded if using MEC or just being careful with the control of the engines. The turn rate is very slow, but to be expected from a twin-engined heavy fighter with a turret. The air brakes are very efficient, helping you slow down quickly in dives or when landing.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 656 || 643 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.3 || 27.5 || 12.2 || 12.2 || rowspan="2" | 457
|-
! Upgraded
| 732 || 692 || 23.8 || 25.0 || 21.3 || 16.0
|-
|}

;Takeoff and landing speeds (critical for Simulator battles)- all speeds in km/h

* AB: '''173''' RB/SB: '''163''' - VR (aircraft rotate speed) - The speed at which the aircraft's control stick can safely be pulled back for takeoff, causing liftoff without risk of a tailstrike on the runway.

* AB: '''126''' RB/SB: '''120''' - VS0 - Landing speed with full flaps (depending on the aircraft, this could be landing flaps or take-off flaps).

* AB: '''148''' RB/SB: '''145''' - VS1 - Landing speed ''without'' flaps (clean). Knowing this speed is useful when the flaps are damaged or missing to prevent spins or tail strikes upon landing.

==== Details ====
[[File:P-61_airbrakes_and_spoilers_extended.jpg|400px|thumb|right|A view of the '''{{PAGENAME}}''' Black Widow's wing. Note the air brakes, "fences" are fully extended on the upper and lower surface of the wings. Also, note the long spoiler extended on the upper surface of the wing replaced ailerons due to increased efficiency at high speeds. The P-61 was the only aircraft in US inventory during WWII which utilised spoilers.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 340 || 340 || 280 || ~7 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 530 || < 420 || < 450 || > 337
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,000 m || 2,200 hp || 2,783 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 12.7 mm Steel - Nose armour plating (behind radar unit)
* 60 mm Bulletproof glass - Pilot and gunner armoured windscreens
* 12.7 mm Steel - Gunner front armour (folds out of the way when not in use)
* 12.7 mm Steel - Lower gun plate
* 9.5 mm Steel - Gun turret ammo protection plates
* 12.7 mm Steel - Turret protection plate

With such beefy engines on the {{PAGENAME}} it stood to reason that armour protection would be necessary to help protect the pilot and the gunner during a conflict against a potential bomber or attacker aircraft which may have defensive gunner positions. Since the main source of incoming bullets would most likely come towards the front of the {{PAGENAME}} from defensive positions, it was reasonable to protect both the pilot and the gunner position, while the radio/radar operator received most of their protection from the gun turret and radio/radar equipment as there is no protection provided from the rear plane of the aircraft.

The pilot is afforded protection through the bulletproof canopy windscreen which is 60 mm thick and a 12.7 mm steel plate located directly behind the radar unit in the nose. These two items will aid to protect the pilot in the event a bomber or attacker's defensive gunners fire on an attacking {{PAGENAME}}, however, note that these protections will wane in their ability if the pilot of the Black Widow decides to take another aircraft head-on, especially if that aircraft is sporting 20 or 30 mm autocannons.

The {{PAGENAME}}'s gunner sits directly behind the pilot, however, his station is slightly elevated giving him an unobstructed view of the front and side of the aircraft, allowing him great visibility to be able to aim and fire the machine gun turret. Since the gunner station is elevated, the gunner is exposed to incoming fire which the pilot's protective plate and armoured windscreen will not cover. To remediate this there are two 12.7 mm steel plates which the gunner can swing in front of him for protection or out of the way when not in use.

The rest of the armour protection for this aircraft are several steel plates which protect the critical components and the ammunition of the turret. Since the turret is mechanical in operation (remotely by the gunner or radio/radar operator), it is important that critical components are protected to ensure continued usage, as when the remote components fail, the turret is useless. Protecting the ammunition storage is also important not only to have it available for usage, setting the ammunition on fire or off in the storage container could cause catastrophic results to the aircraft and crew in the event they start firing.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

[[File:P-61_upperturret_cone_of_fire.jpg|350px|thumb|right|The cones of fire for the upper machine gun turret on the '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]
{{main|AN/M2 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm AN/M2 cannons, belly-mounted (200 rpg = 800 total)

The {{PAGENAME}} is armed with 4 x 20 mm AN/M2 autocannons which are mounted in the belly of the fuselage just below the cockpit. Each cannon is outfitted with 200 rounds which may not seem like very much, but for those who are conservative by maintaining trigger control (short bursts), the ammunition will go a long way. Having the guns clustered along the lower fuselage allows for both in-close and longer-ranged shots without the necessity of having to calculate for convergence, the only factor will be bullet-drop over a distance which comes with practice. The cannons are very effective when used against any aerial vehicle encountered as they have no problem disabling engines and destroying wings or puncturing fuel tanks.

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (4,000 lb total)

The {{PAGENAME}} is typically used as a night or strike fighter which is used to sneak up on unwary targets and destroy them with the four forward-facing 20 mm autocannons, however, there is an opportunity to mix it up as a multi-role aircraft and outfit the plane with bombs. There are four external hardpoint pylons in which either 500 lb or 1,000 lb bombs can be loaded for a total of either 2,000 or 4,000 lbs of bombs. With payloads like this, the {{PAGENAME}} can rival the [[B-25 (Family)|B-25]] bombers in their payload deliveries. Unfortunately, for a strike fighter, the {{PAGENAME}}'s flight performance and manoeuvrability suffer when adding the extra 2,000 or 4,000 lbs of weight and can be a challenge to fly when attacked, however after the bombs have been released on their target, the {{PAGENAME}} can get back to its heavy-fighter role.

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, dorsal turret (560 rpg outer + 500 rpg inner = 2,120 total)

It is interesting to note that later fighters started to reduce or eliminate the ability to carry defensive weapons in order to help save on weight and crew needed to staff the aircraft, however, it was deemed necessary that the {{PAGENAME}} should have a defensive turret. Utilising state-of-the-art technology, four .50 calibre machine guns were mounted on a dorsal turret which could be remotely controlled by either the gunner (sitting behind the pilot) or the radio/radar operator located in a separate compartment at the rear of the fuselage. The four machine guns in the dorsal turret had virtually a full 360° rotation field with an elevation straight up. Effectively the only dead zones for this turret were the upper propeller arcs and the vertical stabilizers to the rear. When enemy aircraft attempt to sit on the rear of the aircraft, the pilot will need to pitch the aircraft up and to one side or the other to allow the gunner the best possible chance of bearing the turret down on the enemy fighter.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:P-61c-1 knightskeemo 001.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Heavy vs heavy.]]
The below tactics are recommended for all game modes:

'''How to offensively engage an enemy aircraft:''' Climb to high altitude and keep on a straight heading once you have seen the enemy. Overshoot the enemy plane, then perform a 180-degree turn. Make sure you stay on his tail and gradually descend. It is recommended to do something similar to a shallow descent, where you can keep speed and height to your advantage in case the enemy aircraft changes course and altitude. Do not perform a dive which requires you to dive straight down since you will rip the wings off and crash. Once you are within firing range, fire a short salvo from your cannons. A couple of bursts from the Black Widow are sufficient to easily rip an enemy plane to shreds.

'''How to perform defensive fighting:''' When you are being engaged by an enemy fighter, make sure you keep descending. '''Very Important''': Do not allow enemy aircraft to get lower than your elevator on the tail boom. You have no defensive armament to cover the belly or full-rear of the plane; these are your weakest defended parts.

*Tactic one: Descend slowly. Put the plane in a steep dive that does not exceed your structural limit. However, it must be steep enough to provide the turret gunner full visibility of the enemy plane. The four [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning machine guns]] will take care of the enemy plane.

*Tactic Two: Put the plane in a steep climb and make sure you set the throttle to at least 70%. Jump into the gunner turret and operate it. This will be the most accurate and fastest way of shooting down the hostile plane. When you operate the turret, make sure you try and perform defensive manoeuvres when operating it i.e. sharp turns, rapidly decreasing in height as well as gaining height and changing the speed of the plane in an irrational way. This will give you a higher chance of survival against the enemy.

*Tactic Three: Fly the plane almost touching the ground, this way the enemy can't get under your gunners. Use rudder yaw to fly side to side while shooting back at your pursuer. With a few hits you can heavily damage if not take out the enemy following you, or at least make them break off from your six and hopfully one of your allies can come and help you. If the enemy is not very fast in a straight line (eg: Japanese fighters, etc) you can fly straight and use your better top speed to kite the enemy.

===Radars===
{{main|AI Mk. X}}
[[File:P-61_-_Nose_Radar.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A front view of an '''{{PAGENAME}}''' [[AI Mk. X]] radar.]]
The P-61C-1 is equipped with an [[AI Mk. X]] search radar, located in the nose of the aircraft. The radar utilised a 29 in (74 cm) parabolic dish which it rotated at 360 rpm when set to ranges below 100 miles, however, it is slowed down to 100 rpm when set to the 100 miles setting. The scopes could be set to one of four ranges, 1, 10, 20 or 100 miles (1.6, 16, 32 or 160 km). The parabolic dish could be adjusted to different altitude settings which included 0° to 0°, -5° to +5°, +5° to +20°, and +20° to +50°. One of the benefits to the multiple choices in range and altitude settings of the radar was that it provided partial immunity to chaff and other radar interference or countermeasures deployed by the enemy.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | [[AI Mk. X]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 14,000 m || 8,500 m || ±75° || -20°/+40°
|-
|}
[[File:P-61_cockpit_pilots_radar_indicator.png|250px|thumb|right|A view of a '''{{PAGENAME}}''' pilot's instrument panel with a BC-1152-A pilots indicator portion of the [[AI Mk. X]] radar. (''The BC-1152-A is the square box with the rectangular window just above the control yoke'')]]

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Turret 12 mm
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12 mm MGs (turret)
| FMBC mk.1
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 20 mm cannons
| FLBC mk.1
|-
|}

The P-61C-1 is a thoroughbred Boom & Zoom aircraft. However, when the plane is first unlocked the flight performance will be very lacklustre to support this tactic. As such, the initial priority should be to improve the aircraft, by researching the upgrades that improve flight performance the most, namely '''Compressor''', '''Engine''' and '''Engine injection'''. When the flight performance has reached a satisfactory level to allow for effective Boom & Zoom tactics, the priority should be switched towards researching the '''New 20 mm cannons''' upgrade in order to improve the accuracy of the cannons. After this is done, either finish upgrading the flight performance or focus on the turret upgrade. The bomb racks should be left to research last, as they are not critical to the P-61's main role as a fighter.

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:P-61c-1 iscari 002.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A '''{{PAGENAME}}''' night-fighter as seen at night, virtually invisible.]]
'''Pros:'''

* The offensive armament is mounted under the belly of the plane, this provides excellent accuracy
* Powerful offensive armament with 4 x [[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2]] cannons with a total amount of 800 rounds
* Powerful defensive armament with 4 x [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning]] machine guns in a rotating turret, a total of 2,120 rounds
* Defensive armament is able to be used offensively by the gunner, also remotely controlled
* Defensive turret can elevate to a full 90 degrees, can provide a Schräge Musik-like surprise of its own to enemy bombers, providing the P-61 is below the bomber and in the enemy bomber gunners' dead zones
* Very stable climb rate
* Engines are able to cool down very fast
* Able to perform sharp movements at low and high speed
* Excellent bomber hunter
* Very strong and rugged airframe; is able to fly with wing tips missing
* Can keep a lot of momentum from a gradual dive
* Can carry 4 x 1,000 lb bombs: enough to fully destroy one base or four light pillboxes
* Air brakes installed, allows you to slow down faster for a bomb run or landing
* Powerful engines when upgraded giving great acceleration
* Can fly on one engine
* Fairly good roll rate at high speeds thanks to spoilers
* Very little adverse yaw effect thanks to spoilers (SB)
* Has access to a target detection radar, with much better range than German radars found around this battle rating
* Low stalling speed, enabling it to land on carriers

[[File:P-61c-1 iscari 001.jpg|300px|thumb|right|The fearsome '''{{PAGENAME}}''' bearing down on an opponent.]]
'''Cons:'''

* Slow acceleration when not upgraded and requires a long airstrip to take off due to weight
* Uncompetitive roll rate at slow speeds
* Bad turn rate (utilise Immelmann turns, chandelles or normal loops)
* Due to size, slow to gain speed in a dive, however, can exceed structural limits if not careful. Per the pilot's manual while in a dive:
** Between 0 - 10,000 ft do not exceed 415 mph IAS
** Between 10,000 - 20,000 ft do not exceed 375 mph IAS
** Between 20,000 - 30,000 ft do not exceed 305 mph IAS
* Bottom of aircraft is unprotected (utilise climbs and/or dives that does not exceed the structural limits of the plane, along with manually controlling the gunner to protect the bottom of the aircraft, though not completely)
* Large body airframe, not meant for turn-fighting (Boom & Zoom or Boom & Run)
* Dorsal turret might hit friendlies when active under AI control during furballs or when you're behind friendlies chasing an enemy

== History ==

P-61C is the final production version of the P-61 family with the production primarily in 1945. The most notable changes are the turbosupercharger fitted under each engine and the redesigned larger propeller system. With the turbosupercharger made by General Electric, the Pratt & Whitney R-2800 engine could output 2,800 hp each. Alongside with the larger propeller, P-61C could perform much better at higher altitude. The 4 hardpoints under the wings for external fuel tanks and bombs from the P-61B variants also got to keep, made the P-61C not only could perform as a night fighter, but also as a night intruder. Airbrakes were also added so P-61C would not out-race its intended targets.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=p-61c_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:P-61 rearview.jpg ‎|thumb|none|250px|Rear view of the '''P-61''''s aerodynamic airframe.]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:P-61c-1 zippitydoodah 001.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:P-61c-1 argiegrit 001.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Qyr_aw3YTe8|'''The Shooting Range #2''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 02:59 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|rpp-GqXiaKg|'''The Shooting Range #214''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:41 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|B_KJXo2w0IQ|'''P-61 BLACK WIDOW: America's Night-Interceptor''' - ''jimi daen''|_iGQOR9Dtyg|'''BLACK WIDOW - The P-61C-1 RB Gameplay''' - ''MikeGoesBoom''|fL0pyZ5VZSM|'''War Thunder Arcade- P-61C-1 Black Widow''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==

* [[P-61A-1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/869|[Devblog] P-61: The American "Flying Tank"]]
* [https://ia801208.us.archive.org/33/items/PilotTrainingManualForTheBlackWidowP61/PilotTrainingManualForTheBlackWidowP-61.pdf Pilot Training Manual for the P-61 Black Widow][[File:Pdf_fileicon.png|.pdf document|link=]] - By Headquarters Army Air Forces - Office of Flying Safety, 1944
* [https://ww2aircraft.net/forum/threads/p-61-pilots-manual.6789/ Northrop P-61 Black Widow Pilot's Flight Operations Instructions][[File:Pdf_fileicon.png|.pdf document|link=]] - Pilot's Flight Operating Instructions for Army Model P-61C Airplane, July 1945, ISBN:[https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=isbn:9781411689008 978-1-4116-8900-8]

{{AirManufacturer Northrop}}
{{USA twin-engine fighters}}

Merkava Mk.2B (USA)

2020-08-31T23:16:35Z

U37697836: /* See also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_merkava_mk_2b_late
|market=Merkava Mk.2B (USA)
}}
{{About
| about = American medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other version
| link = Merkava Mk.1 (USA)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]] as a reward for [[wt:en/news/6521-special-operation-f-r-o-s-t-en|Operation F.R.O.S.T]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The frontal armour on the Merkava Mk.2B is great and is comparable or better than tanks of similar battle rating, the frontal turret especially. If somebody is hoping to have a shot penetrate through the turret when they are facing a Merkava frontally, there is a very good chance they are out of luck and it will not go through.

This does not mean that the Merkava is frontally invincible, however. The lower front plates are weak; even if they are stronger than the upper ones in pure armour thickness, the effective one is way lower. However, the lower front plate is the weakness of most tanks anyways, so this is to be expected. Also, there are some parts of the front armour that are weak, such as the turret gun mantlet and the area around it, as well as the uppermost part of the frontal upper plate, but being hit there, especially from long distance, is going to be all in the enemy's luck, so worrying about those spots is not necessary all the time.

Where this tank shines though is how it fixes the lower frontal plate issue. This vehicle's secret ace is its position of the engine. It is in front of the tank, covering most of the frontal lower plate and a decent part of the upper one as well. Thus, any hit there will certainly stop the shell coming at it, especially against HESH, HEAT, and sometimes HEAT-FS shells as well. It will also stop most of the shrapnel, protecting the crew even further. However, this also means increased risk of fires and being immobilized, so having the ''Parts'' and ''FPE'' module will be important to be able to quickly repair the tank and put out fires.

Stick to facing the front armour towards the enemies. The side and rear armour are thin to the point of non-existence, and the rear of the tank has all the ammunition, so anyone able to aim there will get a clean way of a one-shot. That, or they will knock out most, if not all, of the crew, which is still a one-shot.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,492|rbMinHp=852}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 62 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.08 || 52.71 || 64.00 || 70.78 || 75.29 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.80 || 28.00 || 34.00 || 37.60 || 40.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M156 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M156 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''62''' || 54 ''(+8)'' || 48 ''(+14)'' || 25 ''(+37)'' || 1 ''(+61)'' || No
|-
|}


=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (200) || 576 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Coaxial || 5,950 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Commander's cupola || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Loader's cupola || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Merkava shines in two primary roles - as an urban fighter and a long to medium-range sniper, which is not different to its real-world counterparts. When sniping, its excellent stabilization provides a significant advantage when peaking out of the cover for quick shots, and a small turret gives enemy a very little time to spot and aim at the tank. Added laser rangefinder in Realistic modes further decreases exposure time needed to get the shot. In urban environments, the engine and well-dispersed crew allows the tank to survive most direct hits, while 8.1 s reload time (compared to an analogue average 8.7 s) allows it to take the second shot before most of its competitors, and thanks to the advanced stabilization - it will be an accurate shot. What should be avoided though, is getting flanked, as the side-protection is negligible, making mobile warfare on more open maps extremely risky.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| M156
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| NVD
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| M416
| Smoke grenade
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| M111
| Laser rangefinder
|-
|}

For Merkava it's even more important to research Parts and FPE, as the principle of its protection is to allow damage to happen, but without being lethal to the crew. Second important upgrade in tier II would be either NVD (if you play [[Realistic Battles]]) or Adjustment of Fire (for the [[Arcade Battles]]). Tier III requires you to research 3 modifications, necessary one is the Crew Replenishment. The other two depend very much on a play-style you prefer, but in either way M416 smoke shell can be freely ignored and researched as the final modification for the tank. For Tier IV the M111 shell is a good choice if you plan on playing in the BRs higher than {{#unit:us_merkava_mk_2b_late|BR}}. Laser Rangefinder would be an improvement for a more sniping play-style in the [[Simulator Battles|SB]] and RB. For more mobility-based gameplay Engine should be the first module researched at this tier, as it offers by far the best increase in horsepower per RP spent.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Multi-layered spaced armour provides a good protection against HESH, early HEAT and some ATGMs
* Has access to a thermal sight
* Good mobility once spaded. Can take the capture zones with lighter vehicles.
* Good gun with effective choices of ammo, with stock HEAT-FS round working very well overall and a potent APFSDS shell that is superior to the XM-1's M735 round
* Engine in the front gives some extra protection to the crew.
* Low silhouette, excellent for hull-down position
* Very good gun stabilization
* Three extra machine guns on the roof to deal with lightly armoured vehicles, helicopters and planes. (2 x 7.62 mm + 1 x 12.7 mm)
* Starts with stock smoke launcher, which improves when modifications are purchased

'''Cons:'''

* Not premium (modules must be researched)
* Stock HEATFS round will have difficulties dealing with vehicle with opponents composite armour
* Selecting machine gun allows to use only one of the 7.62 mm guns at a time
* Is not protected by the composite armour, therefore prone to the advanced HEATFS rounds
* Almost no dedicated protection against kinetic rounds (primarily APFSDS) which are quite common at the battle rating
* Shot to the center mass by any kinetic round is potentially lethal
* Engine will protect the crew against certain munitions but will still often catch fire and burning out after exhausting FPE is a common thing
* Driver has less protection than other crew members
* All the modules being at the front means that there is no crew protection for flankers from the rear
* Inferior optics of only 8x zoom compared to its competitors
* Ammo rack in the rear, shot from the back are often lethal

== History ==

[[File:Merkava2 Golan Heights.jpg|thumb|right|Merkava 2 during the exercise on the Golan Heights]]
Merkava Mk.2 (מרכבה סימן 2) was introduced in 1983 adding a number of improvements over [[Merkava Mk.1 (USA)#History|Mk.1]] from the lessons learned during the Operation Peace for Galilee (1982's war in Lebanon) where Israel has lost an undisclosed number of Mk.1 tanks. Some of the upgrades over the earlier generation included:<ref>[http://www.defense-aerospace.com/cgi-bin/client/modele.pl?shop=dae&modele=release&prod=132916&cat=3 <nowiki>[defense-aerospace.com] Years of Excellence – The Merkava Main Battle Tank</nowiki>]</ref><ref>[https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/מרכבה_(טנק)#מרכבה_סימן_2 מרכבה (טנק) – ויקיפדיה]</ref><ref>[https://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/vehicles/tanks/merkava/MerkavaMk2.html <nowiki>[israeli-weapons.com] Merkava Mk 2</nowiki>]</ref>

* added composite screens to the side of the turret,
* added hanging ball and chain protection at the rear of the turret (nicknamed Shulamit hairs (שערות שולמית), designed to counter RPGs)
* upgraded engine, fully automatic, 4-gear transmission and increased fuel storage (what resulted in improved mobility and increased operational range),
* left-side engine exhaust was removed, while the right-side exhaust was widened
* upgraded fire control systems (notably new ballistic computer that now adjusted for temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure, but also could calculate lead on mobile targets),
* location of the smoke grenade launchers was changed.
* baskets at the rear of the tank, where the infantry could store their backpacks

Upgrade Mk. 2B improved the fire control system, including the addition of the thermal sights.

Tanks took part in the number of Israeli conflicts during its career, notably 1985–2000 South Lebanon Conflict, 2006 Lebanon War and the 2008–09 Gaza War. Much like its predecessor, Mk.2 became famous for its crew protections. There's never been a crewmember killed inside of the tank and none of the wounded crewmembers ever suffered burns, comparing to 26% in the earlier [[Magach 3 (USA)|Magach]] tanks.<ref>Armor, Volume 109, Issue 3, page 17</ref>

In October 2014 IDF's 7th Armored Brigade was the last to retire Merkava Mk.2, switching to Mk.4 instead.<ref>[https://www.armyrecognition.com/armies_in_the_world_analysis_focus/seventh_armoured_brigade_of_israeli_army_will_be_equipped_with_merkava_iv_trophy_tanks_2910141.html Seventh Armoured Brigade of Israeli army will be equipped with Merkava IV Trophy tanks 2910141]</ref>

=== References ===
<references />

== Media ==

<gallery mode="nolines" widths="300px">
File:GarageImage Merkava Mk 2B (USA) Operation FROST.jpeg|{{PAGENAME}} in the Operation F.R.O.S.T. garage
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Merkava Mk.1 (USA)|Merkava Mk.1]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA medium tanks}}
{{Winter Event}}

P-61A-11

2020-08-31T23:15:31Z

U37697836: /* History */ someone put P61A-1 history under P61C-1. Moved the history here to P61A-1. Going to fix P61C-1.

{{Specs-Card
|code=p-61a_1
|cockpit=cockpit_p-61a_1.jpg
}}
{{About
| about = premium twin-engine fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the regular version
| link = P-61C-1
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} American twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.57 "Battle March"]]. Unlike the more advanced [[P-61C-1]] variant, this initial production aircraft does not feature any external suspended payloads.

The P-61A-1 is a twin-engine fighter, also known as a strike fighter in-game. It has four [[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2 cannons]] placed under the belly of the aircraft with an additional four [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning machine guns]] in a remotely controlled dorsal turret. The cannons combined with the turret are able to make quick work of any plane which stands in your way. The machine gun turret was controlled by a gyroscopic fire control computer which was operated by either the gunner or radar operator for both offensive and defensive situations. It is excellent in bomber hunting and excels when used with Boom & Zoom tactics. However, it does not have defensive armament that provides essential protection from the low rear or belly attacks. While being a large aircraft, it is unable to effectively turn to fight and when doing so, rapidly bleeds any energy and advantages it may have.

Turret defensive angles are limited to the upper plane of the aircraft as it can not aim any lower than the elevators. If an enemy plane is in the machine gun dead zone, you will need to change the position of the plane so the guns can acquire a firing solution, this can be accomplished by transitioning into a steep climb or dive. It also offers very weak crew protection from head-on attacks.
The two engines are Pratt & Whitney R-2800-10s. It will only be able to take off with a speed of around 169 mph (271 km/h) and requires a very long airstrip since it is a very heavy plane.

== General info ==
=== Flight Performance ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,315 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 561 || 549 || 11,000 || 31.0 || 32.0 || 9.3 || 9.1 || 457
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,315 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
! AB
! RB
|-
| 602 || 582 || 11,000 || 29.1 || 30.0 || 13.3 || 11.2 || 457
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flap
! Take-off flap
! Landing flap
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flap (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| 642 || 350 || 340 || ~4 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 530 || < 420 || < 450 || > 240
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 460 m || 4000 hp || n/a
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,420 m || 3,480 hp || n/a
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 3
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,090 m || 3,320 hp || n/a
|- -- >
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 12.7 mm Steel - Nose armour plating (behind radar unit)
* 60 mm Bulletproof glass - Pilot and gunner armoured windscreens
* 12.7 mm Steel - Gunner front armour (folds out of the way when not in use)
* 12.7 mm Steel - Lower gun plate
* 9.5 mm Steel - Gun turret ammo protection plates
* 12.7 mm Steel - Turret protection plate

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===
[[File:P-61_upperturret_cone_of_fire.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The cones of fire for the upper machine gun turret on the {{PAGENAME}}.]]

{{main|AN/M2 (20 mm)}}
The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm AN/M2 cannons, chin-mounted (200 rpg = 800 total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, dorsal turret (500 rpg inner + 560 rpg outer = 2,120 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The below tactics can be used in all games modes:

'''How to offensively Engage an enemy aircraft:''' Climb to high altitude and keep on a straight heading once you have seen the enemy. Overshoot the enemy plane, then perform a 180-degree turn. Make sure you stay on his tail and gradually descend. It is recommended to do something similar to a shallow descent, where you can keep speed and height to your advantage in case the enemy aircraft changes course and altitude. Do not perform a dive which requires you to dive straight down since you will rip the wings off and crash. Once you are within firing range, fire a short salvo from your cannons. A couple of bursts from the Black Widow are sufficient to easily rip an enemy plane to shreds.

'''''How to perform defensive fighting:''''' 
When you are being engaged by an enemy fighter, make sure you keep descending. '''Very Important:''' Do not allow enemy aircraft to get lower than your elevator on the tail boom. You have no defensive armament to cover the belly or full-rear of the plane; these are your weakest defended parts.

*Tactic one: Descend slowly. Put the plane in a steep dive that does not exceed your structural limit of 399 mph (642 km/h). However, it must be steep enough to provide the turret gunner full visibility of the enemy plane. The four [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning]] machine guns will take care of the enemy plane.

*Tactic Two: Put the plane in a steep climb and make sure you set the throttle to at least 70%. Jump into the gunner turret and operate it. This will be the most accurate and fastest way of shooting down the hostile plane. When you operate the turret, make sure you try and perform defensive manoeuvres when operating it i.e. sharp turns, rapidly decreasing in height as well as gaining height and changing the speed of the plane in an irrational way. This will give you a higher chance of survival against the enemy.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


*'''Japanese Aircraft'''

The most dangerous opponents for the P-61A are going to be the Japanese aircraft, due to their incredible manoeuvrability, and their fast climb-rate, which will leave you at a disadvantage in altitude. However, the most notable threat from the Japanese arsenal is probably going to be the J2M Raiden, due to its fast speed and fairly durable armour for a Japanese plane. In addition, any of the later model A6M3 Reisen (Zero) models will give you problems, as they will out-turn you in seconds.

*'''German Aircraft'''

The Germans have the most planes with more dangerous cannons, thanks to their minengeschoß rounds, which punch through and explode inside an airframe, thus causing maximum damage to control surfaces. As you are at a battle rating of 3.7, you have the possibility of facing the Bf-109 G-6, which has a fast speed and nose-mounted weaponry that are large enough in calibre to shred your airframe. Perhaps the biggest threat to your plane is the ''Focke-Wulf'' Fw 190 A-4, which boasts four 20 mm cannons, which will reduce your plane to a burning wreck. While it is unlikely to see many at high altitude, the ''Messerschmitt'' Me-410 A-1 is also a viable threat.

*'''Russian Aircraft'''

Repeat after the following bold statement:'''Do not head-on an IL-2 of any variant.''' As sluggish as they seem, the IL-2 will rip your aircraft to shreds due to the fast firing combination of machine gun and auto-cannon fire. The most common adversary that will be faced is any aircraft bearing the prefix "Yak"- most dangerous among them is the Yak-9K, which has a 45 mm cannon that can utterly obliterate your plane, and the Yak-9T, which has a 37 mm cannon that will do the same damage to your aircraft. The La-5FN is probably the biggest threat you will face due to its fast speed, ridiculously strong cockpit armour, climb rate, manoeuvrability and firepower. This is mainly given if a La-5FN pilot is using "Ground Target" ammunition, every third round fired is an Armor-Piercing Fragmentation Incendiary round, and every other round is either a Fragmentation-Incendiary Tracer or an Armor-Piercing Incendiary round. In short, the La-5FN has the biggest threat due to all the API rounds in the ammunition.

*'''British Aircraft'''

The British are among the most manoeuvrable adversary you will face, so with that in mind, do not try and turn-fight any British plane. Also, most British planes have an astonishing climb-rate, which will leave you at an altitude disadvantage. The most common adversary you will face is the Spitfire Mk. IIb, which can turn circles around you and it has two wing-mounted Hispano cannons, which can tear into the P-61's airframe. They may not be too common, but a Boomerang Mk. I or a Boomerang Mk. II will also give you a hard time, given their tighter grouping of shells, and the fact they have the Hispano Mk. II cannons, whose "Air Target" ammunition is practically "Stealth" ammunition. The Beaufighter Mk. VIc, will be the most dangerous threat, given the four Hispano cannons in the belly, which will tear apart the P-61. A Spitfire Mk. V will also give you a run for your money, due to the Hispano Mk. II cannons it wields.

*'''Italian Aircraft'''

The most plausible threat from the Italians will be the C.202EC (''Experimental Cannon''), which has the manoeuvrability, speed and especially firepower due to the plane boasting German 20 mm cannons which utilise the minengeschoß shells.

*'''American Aircraft'''

In addition, another major threat is the American P-47D Thunderbolt, which has the speed and firepower to out-class the P-61A in any fashion.

===Radars===
{{main|AI Mk. X}}
[[File:P-61_-_Nose_Radar.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A front view of an '''{{PAGENAME}}''' [[AI Mk. X]] radar.]]
The P-61A-1 is equipped with an [[AI Mk. X]] search radar, located in the nose of the aircraft. The radar utilised a 29 in (74 cm) parabolic dish which it rotated at 360 rpm when set to ranges below 100 miles, however, it is slowed down to 100 rpm when set to the 100 miles setting. The scopes could be set to one of four ranges, 1, 10, 20 or 100 miles (1.6, 16, 32 or 160 km). The parabolic dish could be adjusted to different altitude settings which included 0° to 0°, -5° to +5°, +5° to +20°, and +20° to +50°. One of the benefits to the multiple choices in range and altitude settings of the radar was that it provided partial immunity to chaff and other radar interfearance or countermeasures conducted by the enemy.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | [[AI Mk. X]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 14,000 m || 8,500 m || ±75° || -20°/+40°
|-
|}
[[File:P-61_cockpit_pilots_radar_indicator.png|250px|thumb|right|A view of a '''{{PAGENAME}}''' pilot's instrument panel with a BC-1152-A pilots indicator portion of the [[AI Mk. X]] radar. (''The BC-1152-A is the square box with the rectangular window just above the control yoke'')]]

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Separate || rowspan="2" | Not controllable || rowspan="2" | Not controllable
|-
|}

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Radiator
|
| Turret 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12 mm MGs (turret)
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 20 mm
|-
| IV
|
|
| Cover
| New 20 mm Cannons
|-
! colspan="5" |This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The offensive armament is mounted under the belly of the plane, this provides excellent accuracy
* Powerful offensive armament of 4 x [[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2]] cannons with a total amount of 800 rounds
* Powerful defensive armament of 4 x [[Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning MGs]] in a turret with 2120 rounds that can be used offensively
* Very stable climb rate
* Engines are able to cool down very fast
* Okay turn time
* Able to perform sharp movements at low and high speed
* Excellent bomber hunter
* Excellent Reward and Research bonus
* Very strong and rugged airframe; is able to fly with wing tips missing
* Can keep alot of momentum from a gradual dive
* Can do very sharp manoeuvers at high and low speeds due to the flaps
* Engine can stay very cool at high throttle settings (65-75%)
* Has access to a target detection radar, with much better range than German radars found around this battle rating

'''Cons'''

* Slow acceleration and requires a long airstrip to take off due to weight
* Slow roll rates
* No airbrakes installed; easy to get structural damage and rip apart at 399 mph (642 km/h)
* Unable to put fires out in a dive, due to speed will reach in excess of structural limitations which will rip the wings off
* Not recommended to dive sharply, structural damage will occur in speeds in excess of 399 mph
* Unable to sustain a direct head-on attack against a well-armed, small-profile enemy plane
* Only one defensive dorsal turret installed, cannot cover the rear of the plane effectively
* No defence against low-rear and belly attacks
* Large body airframe, makes dogfighting almost impossible
* Can not carry additional armament
* Flaps snap off easily.

== History ==
In 1940, the British Purchasing Commission wanted a high-altitude, high-speed interceptor to shoot down ''Luftwaffe'' bombers when they raided British cities. This called for a high-endurance heavy fighter with Aerial Interception (AI) radars and specified gun armament mounted in a 360 degrees gun turret. The requirements were sent to many aircraft manufacturers, one of them being Jack Northrop. The USAAC accepted his proposal, resulting in one of the most deadly and large fighters in World War Two. The prototype YP-61, had a long fuselage gondola in between two engine nacelles. The tail was a new radical twin-boom design. Full span flaps were fitted on the wings and it had two Pratt & Whitney R-2800-10 Double Wasp 18-cylinder radials, producing 2,000 horsepower each. The plane was mounted on a tricycle landing gear and had a three-man crew: a radar operator, gunner, and pilot. Armament includes four Browning 12.7 mm heavy machine guns mounted in a four-gun powered turret. The original design also had a ventral turret, but that was replaced by Hispano Mk.II cannons. Some versions also had air brakes so the pilot would not overshoot the target.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=p-61a_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:P-61 frontview.jpg|thumb|none|250px|Front view of the deadly '''P-61''' twin-engine fighter.]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:P-61 cockpit.jpg|thumb|none|250px|Detailed view of the two-seat cockpit of the '''P-61'''.]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:P-61 radiooperator.jpg ‎|thumb|none|250px|A close-up view of the radio operator position on the '''P-61'''.]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|rpp-GqXiaKg|'''The Shooting Range #214''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:41 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|B_KJXo2w0IQ|'''P-61 BLACK WIDOW: America's Night-Interceptor''' - ''jimi daen''}}

== See also ==

* [[P-61C-1]]

== External links ==


* [https://ia801208.us.archive.org/33/items/PilotTrainingManualForTheBlackWidowP61/PilotTrainingManualForTheBlackWidowP-61.pdf Pilot Training Manual for the P-61 Black Widow - By Headquarters AAF - Office of Flying Safety, 1944]
* [https://ww2aircraft.net/forum/threads/p-61-pilots-manual.6789/ Northrop P-61 Black Widow Pilot's Flight Operations Instructions - USAAF, July 1945]

{{AirManufacturer Northrop}}
{{USA twin-engine fighters}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

M247

2020-08-01T07:04:33Z

U37697836: /* Armaments */

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m247}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} American self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Cast homogeneous armour (Hull)
*Rolled homogeneous armour (Rear (low), Roof, Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 85-200 mm (59-74°) ''Front glacis'' 63-200 mm (13-60°) ''Lower glacis'' || 76 mm (8-43°) ''Front'' 51 mm (0-43°) ''Rear'' || 35 mm (26-32°) ''Top'' 25 mm (61-62°) ''Bottom'' || 57 mm
|-
| Turret || 25.4 mm (15-76°) ''Turret front (Upper)'' 12.7 mm (40-69°) ''Turret front (Lower)'' 25.4 mm (0-87°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 12.7-25.4 mm (0-19°) ''Upper'' 12.7 mm (40-69°) ''Lower'' || 12.7 mm (18°) || 12.7 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 38 mm in the front and 25 mm in the rear.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1065|rbMinHp= 663|}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s turret is installed on the hull of an [[M48A1|M48 medium tank]], because of this they have roughly similar mobility. The {{PAGENAME}} is about 3 tons heavier than the M48A1 (49.3 tons vs. 46.4 tons), and has a slightly weaker engine, which translates into a slightly more sluggish machine compared to the M48A1. The M48A1 has a max engine power of 810 hp, while the {{PAGENAME}}'s engine power is 750 hp. For a vehicle this heavy, it has fairly good mobility. When spaded, it can comfortably hit a top speed of 45 km/h on flat terrain, while in cross-country you will have a top speed of around 25 km/h. While going backwards, the top speed is somewhat less impressive: about -9 km/h.

== Armaments ==

{{main|Bofors L/70 (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Bofors L/70 (40 mm)|40 mm M266 Automatic Cannon]] (x2)
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity each)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="3" | 560 (280) || 300 || -5°/+85° || ±180°
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 79.3 || 109.4 || 111.3 || 112.1 || 113.2
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 53.5 || 63.1 || 69.8 || 73.8 || 76.5
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 6.5 || 5.8 || 5.3 || 5
|-
|}

=== Ammunition ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M811 || HEFI-T* || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5
|-
| M822 || HEFI-T* || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5
|-
| 40 mm AP-T || AP-T || 93 || 90 || 77 || 62 || 51 || 41
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M811 || HEFI-T* || 1100 || 0.87 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 255 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M822 || HEFI-T* || 1100 || 0.87 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 185 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 40 mm AP-T || AP-T || 1030 || 0.88 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 48° || 69° || 79°
|-
|}

===Belt types===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
| style="width: 8%" | '''Belts'''
| style="width: 20%" | '''Shell composition'''
| '''Combat usage'''
|-
| ''Default'' || HEFI-T* / AP-T || align="left" | Good general ammunition, a hit on an aircraft typically means its destruction while still enough to do damage to armoured ground vehicles, especially if it shoots into the side of an enemy tank (weaker armour). Good to start with until comfortable with other types of ammunition.
|-
|''40 mm AP-T'' || AP-T / AP-T / AP-T / HEFI-T* || align="left" | Very powerful ammunition which can be used against ground targets with significantly more penetration than other 35-40 mm AP-T projectiles. Will easily destroy any target with side shots even outside the point-blank range and can destroy lighter targets and weak spots from the front even against main battle tanks.
|-
|''M811'' || HEFI-T* / HEFI-T* / HEFI-T* / AP-T || align="left" | "Poor man's anti-air ammunition." Unlike the M822 shells these require direct hits to do significant damage, but if problems are experienced with M822 detonating too early this belt may be your best choice.
|-
|''M822'' || HEFI-T* / HEFI-T* / AP-T || align="left" | Proximity-fused shells that absolutely obliterate aircraft when they make contact, though if they detonate too early, they will do little to no damage. Somewhat unreliable in if they detonate within range of the target, but when they do the target will quickly take considerable damage if not destroyed. The only ammunition for self-propelled anti-aircraft guns that which can cause enough shrapnel damage to bring down planes and helicopters even with near misses. This round should be the go-to anti-air ammunition, although the M811 is a good backup if the M822 is problematic for the gunner.
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks||
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive||M811||
|-
|II
|Suspension||Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire||40 mm AP-T||
|-
|III
|Filters||
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism||Smoke grenade||NVD
|-
|IV
|Transmission||Engine
|
|Laser rangefinder||Artillery support||M822
|}

== Pros and cons ==


'''Pros:'''

* Twin stabilized 40 mm M266 cannon (L/70 40 mm Bofors) have a much higher rate of fire compared to the M42 Duster: Deadlier and more accurate
* Large ammunition count ensures that you will have plenty to fire throughout a match without fear of running out of ammo mid-game
* Has access to 12 x 66 mm smoke grenades, perfect for exiting a dangerous situation
* The M822 ammunition is proximity fused and will detonate if the projectile passes close enough to the target
* The 40 mm's pose a serious threat to lightly-armoured vehicles
* Uses the M48 Patton's hull (armour included) = one of the best-protected SPAA in the game
* Benefits in realistic battles from aim-assistance thanks to the radar
* Has access to night-vision devices for use in night battles
* Large radar sweep range to easily spot targets, as well as a large radar lock-on marker in its scope
* Can retract and extend both search and tracking radars

'''Cons:'''

* As with all high-rank SPAA, the M247 has very thin turret armour; a shell strike could instantly end the vehicle
** Turret is also vulnerable to strafing aircraft + rockets
*Armour advantages of the hull are nullified due to the inclusion of the Hull Break mechanic of the turret
*No thermal sight
*With all radar SPAA, the spinning search radar can expose your position and lead to your destruction
*The gunner sight optics only has one zoom (12.0x with a sight FOV of 6) meaning that you may struggle to engage tanks and to lock/eliminate aircraft

== History ==


The M247 "Sergeant York" was designed in the late 1970's as a purpose-built SPAAG. It was designed to fight alongside the [[M1 Abrams]] and [[M3 Bradley|M2/M3 Bradley]], in order to provide cover against aircraft. There were other SPAA vehicles in service at the time; these were the [[M163|M163 Vulcan]] and the MIM-72/M48 Chaparral. The former being a 20 mm rotary cannon mounted on an armored personnel carrier, and the latter being a heavily modified armored personnel carrier chassis with a surface-to-air missile launcher. Neither of those two vehicles were designed as SPAA's, and so, did not have the necessary performance to be adequate at their job. The M247 was designed as a replacement for both of the previous vehicles.

Designs from a multitude of companies were entered into the competition. Only two were selected for testing: the Ford XM-247 with twin Bofors 40mm cannons and the General Dynamics XM-246 with twin Oerlikon 35mm cannons. The two prototypes were tested, and the XM-247 was selected as the winner, although the XM-246 had outscored it in all the shooting tests. The M247, as it was soon designated, ran into many problems. The radar was extremely deficient; it had a hard time distinguishing trees from planes, and if the guns were pointed too high, they would get in the radar's way and confuse it even more. In addition, it took too long for the radar to pick up a target and for the guns to actually take aim. In addition, the turret traverse speed was much too slow, the vehicle it's self was too sluggish to keep up the M1's and M2's, and it was unreliable in cold weather. Eventually, the program was cancelled after more testing, where it was proven the system could not even shoot down stationary drones. There was still a need for an anti-aircraft vehicle that could keep up with modern vehicles, so Oerlikon Canada created the [[ADATS]] anti-aircraft missile system. This was not as successful as hoped, and was only accepted into Canadian service. The void was eventually filled by the M6 Linebacker, an M2 Bradley with Stinger missiles instead of TOW missiles. The Linebacker was capable of keeping up with modern armored forces, which was the reason for its acceptance, even though the Stingers were not as effective as the ADATS missiles<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M247_Sergeant_York</ref>.

== Media ==

[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#m247 '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the M247 Sergeant York from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[M48A1|M48A1 Patton]]
* [[M42|M42 Duster]]
* [[M163|M163 Vulcan]]
* [[ADATS]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5714-development-tam-and-m247-sergeant-york-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> TAM and M247 Sergeant York]]
* "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M247_Sergeant_York|M247 Sergeant York]", ''Wikipedia.org'', Accessed on 24 March 2020.

{{USA anti-aircraft vehicles}}
<references />

Shturm-S

2020-08-01T05:58:52Z

U37697836: /* Main armament */

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_9p149}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|14 mm (54°) ''Front Plate''
7 mm (80°) ''Upper glacis''

14+5 mm (38°) ''Lower glacis''
|7 mm (23°) ''Top''
7 mm ''Bottom''
|15 mm ''Middle''
7 mm ''Top/Bottom''
|7 mm
|-
|Turret
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|-
!Armour
!Sides
!Roof
|-
|Cupola
|7 mm (30°)
|7 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.

Pretty much every enemy tank in the game will be able to destroy the Shturm-S including rank 1 anti-air. From the side, within 200 m the crew compartment can be penetrated by 7.62 mm. There are very few areas on this tank that can be hit by a cannon round and survive. Given that this vehicle only has 2 crew and is susceptible to hull break with paper-thin armour, generally, avoid everything. Put a solid piece of dirt between you and the enemy and only shoot if the kill is guaranteed. You are protected from .50 calibre from the front so if need be aim your front to an enemy who still has his heavy mg working. Artillery is especially lethal to this tank, so much so that the vehicle might as well be without armour.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 341|rbMinHp= 212}}

The mobility is best described as nippy but not fast. Compared to Russian tanks of its BR, the {{PAGENAME}} is faster but compared to other nations it is slower. The mobility hindrance in higher BRs is much more noticeable for the {{PAGENAME}}, being 50% slower than MBTs such as the M1A1. The rear gear only goes up to -10 km/h meaning battle mode can be maintained in reverse. The {{PAGENAME}} lacks neutral steering meaning that turning around can take some time.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|9M114 Shturm}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[CANNON PAGE|Cannon Name]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" |12|| rowspan="2" | -5°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±85° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.0 || 30.4 ||37.0||40.9||43.5|| rowspan="2" | 13.0 || rowspan="2" |13.0|| rowspan="2" |13.0|| rowspan="2" |13.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.9 || 17.6 ||21.3||23.5||25.0
|-
|}

Vehicles use ATGM launchers by using a special handle at its rear. Once the missile is fired, the handle simply discards them and picks up a new one from inside of the tank. The handle is put down if the vehicle speeds up too much - if you need to drive around, use cruise control "combat," which goes forward at a speed of about 10 km/h.

The vehicle can carry up to 12 of missiles. It is best to choose next ATGM before firing the current one because once the handle starts picking the next launcher up, it can't change payload choice or put it back.

When rearming, only the main type of ATGM is rearmed (the one on top-left of "ammo distribution" UI), so choose carefully. Rearming is rather slow with about 35 seconds for one missile.

The list of available ATGM in order of acquirement:

HEAT - Default ATGM, which has about 550 mm penetration. Can deal with anything of BR 8.3-9.3 without much issue, but tanks with heavy NERA or ERA amount can resist it and suffer less than fatal damage.

Tandem HEAT - ATGM with a double payload. Extremely high post-penetration damage. Designed to annihilate ERA and other countermeasures and then destroy the tank in one hit. Each payload can penetrate about 800 mm of armour.

In-game, the tandem missile seems to work this way: If a missile hits something (for example, track or ERA), it explodes, destroying whatever was blocking the way, then the secondary payload is fired in a line in front of ATGM tip, ignoring the first obstacle. If a secondary projectile hits anything important, it tries to penetrate it and explodes. If it doesn't hit anything (the first payload already hit the tank carcass itself) it just returns back to impact point and explodes there instead.

HE - A guided missile with a HE payload. Can penetrate about 55 mm of armour. Almost useless against medium and heavy tanks, especially in up-tier, but hull breaks or destroys light tanks, SPAA and can fatally damage other ATGM carriers. Although it has more penetration the projectile has less shrapnel to its conventional shell counterpart.

Proximity HE - A guided missile specifically designed to destroy planes and helicopters. Has a proximity detonator, which activates after missile flies about 300 m away from carrier, which helps with hitting aircraft despite not having radar or any other targeting devices. While detonator is set to explode next to the aircraft (about 5 m away) if possible, certain support helicopters can survive the explosion. Missile has enough fuel to fly for about 7 km away. Whether Proximity HE can hull break light tanks or not is currently unknown.

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 9M114 || ATGM || 560 || 560 || 560 || 560 || 560 || 560
|-
| 9M120 || ATGM (tandem) || 800 || 800 || 800 || 800 || 800 || 800
|-
| 9M120F-1 || ATGM-HE || 55 || 55 || 55 || 55 || 55 || 55
|-
| 9M220O || ATGM-VT || 51 || 51 || 51 || 51 || 51 || 51
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 9M114 || ATGM || 400 || 31.4 || N/A || 0.01 || 2,470 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| 9M120 || ATGM (tandem) || 550 || 49.5 || 0.2 || 0.01 || 3,804 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| 9M120F-1 || ATGM-HE || 550 || 49.5 || 0.2 || 0.01 || 6,930 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 9M220O || ATGM-VT || 550 || 49.5 || N/A || 0.01 || 6,160 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| 12 || 12 ''(+12)'' || Yes
|-
|}
Mechanized Ammo Rack capable of automatic loading.

== Usage in battles ==


'''Overview & Strategies'''

The Shturm-S can be effective in battles if used correctly. Shturm-S commanders should make sure to use their advantages while playing to negate the weaknesses of the vehicle. For the Shturm-S, playing in a backline role behind cover at medium ranges is the best option. Players should use the thermal sights to spot enemies easily and ambush them while they are not looking. Use of cover is essential due to the total lack of armour on the Shturm, even a .50 cal machine gun can penetrate some points in the frontal armour. It is ill advised to push aggressively in the Shturm due to the ATGM launcher which will retract when moving. Additionally, engaging at long range may be difficult as the ATGMs can take some time to reach the target, meaning the target has plenty of time to move into cover. Using the Shturm at close range is suicidal. Luckily the ATGMs on the Shturm are quite satisfactory. The 9M120 ATGM has a tandem shaped warhead which negates ERA protection, and the 9M220O ATGM has a proximity fuse which can easily destroy helicopters. It is recommended to use these two ATGMs, taking mostly the 9M120 HEAT ATGM to destroy enemy armour, with a few of the 9M220O ATGM to deal with enemy helicopters.

'''Notable Enemies'''

There are many notable enemies for the Shturm, being that basically any vehicle in the game armed with anything bigger than a rifle-calibre machine gun is capable of killing it. However, some threats are greater than others. Shturm-S commanders should watch out for:

Autocannon armed vehicles. These will easily shred the Shturm in seconds and should be avoided.

Vehicles with substantial composite armour. Most vehicles at and below the tier of the Shturm-S do not have armour capable of stopping its top ATGM, but many top tier tanks (which the Shturm will face often) such as the M1A2 or Challenger 2 are able to easily stop its ATGM with their thick turret armour. Shturm-S commanders should learn the weak spots of enemy tanks.

'''Arcade Battles'''

Unfortunately the Shturm-S is practically useless in Arcade battles. This is because it is a lightly armoured vehicle with an ATGM (which is slower than cannon rounds) and has to wait for its missile launcher to deploy after moving. Being that ambush tactics are not viable in Arcade, the Shturm-S will not be useful.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! colspan="2" | Protection
! Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
|
| Horizontal Drive
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
|
| 9M120
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
|
| 9M120F-1
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
| ESS
| 9P149M
| 9M220O
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to "Shturm" and "Ataka" ATGMs with a total of four different variants of missiles - HEAT, tandem HEAT, HE-frag, and proximity-fused HE-frag
* Fast-flying, relatively easy to control missiles are great for longer ranges where regular tank shells and shot lose velocity and become hard to hit with
* Can still launch missiles while driving at about 10 km/h (cruise control)
* Very low profile - combined with good positioning, the vehicle can be invisible with only the launcher peeking over a hilltop or wall
* Swims! (capable of travelling across water, although relatively slowly and with poor control)

'''Cons:'''

* Poor defence - the armour stops absolutely nothing but 7.62 mm MGs and may protect against 12.7 mm from a further range
* Very vulnerable from the top, making it easy prey from the air - unless equipped with proximity HE ATGM (the last one available for unlock) for self-defence against air targets
* Cannot change missile type mid-reload, nor after one is reloaded
* Rearming is rather slow, and leaves you vulnerable
* Relatively limited arc of fire; while the launcher can rotate quite a bit, either way, the guidance module sits at the front of the vehicle, and after firing at a target located to the sides of the vehicle, the missile will require some distance before flying straight - self-defence for close-range combat is difficult

== History ==

The MT-LB, also known as "Mnogotselevoy Tyagach Legky Bronirovanny" in Russian (which stands for "Multi-Purpose Towing Vehicle Light Armoured"), has been mass-produced since 1966. The vehicle was primarily used as an artillery tractor that acted as a means of transport of the gun crew and ammunition complements. However, as it happens with every well-designed platform, the carrier ultimately became a base for all kinds of armament sets. In the early 70s, the USSR began development of an anti-tank hypersonic missile system with a strike range of up to 5,000 metres for armoured targets. The system received the designation "Shturm" and was intended to be equipped on both air and ground units. In the end, it was the MT-LB that was chosen as the base for the former role. In 1979, the new ground combat vehicle was put into service under the designation 9P149 "Shturm-S".

''- From [[wt:en/news/6175-development-9p149-shturm-s-the-invisible-hunter-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|kF1OmW7f1c8|'''The Shooting Range #154''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:39 discusses the Shturm-S.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6175-development-9p149-shturm-s-the-invisible-hunter-en|[Devblog] 9P149 "Shturm-S": The Invisible Hunter]]

{{USSR tank destroyers}}

Ru 251

2020-07-01T06:54:13Z

U37697836: History, seealso, general info

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_ru251}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Ru251.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} German light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]]. A very mobile light tank developed for the Bundeswehr to replace their [[leKPz M41|M41 Walker Bulldogs]], the Ru 251 boasts great mobility and firepower for its users.

The Ru 251 has a relatively small profile for a tank, but for a light tank its profile is average. The Ru 251 utilizes a 90 mm [[BK 90 (90 mm)|BK-90]], the same gun as on the [[JPz 4-5|Kanonenjagdpanzer]]. It is capable of firing HEAT-FS, a potent round, and has a reasonably quick reload. Best for medium range engagements, but can fulfil close range and long range applications as well. Similarly to the Leopards, it has a raised engine deck at the rear, which messes with the gun depression. While it has 9 degrees of gun depression for about 130 degrees of turret rotation to the left or right (gun pointing straight ahead), for the rear 100 degrees of angle, the gun depression is only a degree or two.

The bigger the map (provided it has cover), the more successful the Ru 251 will be. This is because it can use its speed to reach places early in battle that the enemy would not suspect an enemy tank already occupying.

The smaller the map (Even with cover), the less successful the Ru 251 will be. This is because it cannot make use of the single biggest advantage it has, speed. Essentially it will be forced into slugging matches, and the enemy will always have a pretty good idea of where the Ru 251 will be.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret hatches)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Driver's bulge)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 30 mm (60°) ''Frontal glacis'' 30 mm (38°), 12.7 mm (69°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 mm (35°) ''Top'' 20 mm ''Bottom'' || 8 mm (45°) ''Top'' 8 mm (41°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm
|-
| Turret || 20 mm (23-38°) ''Turret front'' 15 + 30 mm (12-37) ''Gun mantlet'' 30 mm (0-78°) ''Gun mantlet border'' || 20 mm (30-35°) || 20 mm (30-32°) || 10 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 30 mm || 30 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, torsion bars, and tracks are 15 mm thick
* Lower part of gun mantlet have additional 20 mm underneath
* Belly armour is 9.5 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1,023|rbMinHp= 584}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|BK90 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BK90 (90 mm)|90 mm BK90]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 61 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.8 || 31.60 || 38.40 || 42.47 || 45.18 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.30 || 16.80 || 20.4 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 853 || 10.6 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 3,053 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M431 shell || HEATFS || 1,216 || 5.8 || N/A || 0.1 || 712.6 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M71 shell || HE || 823 || 10.55 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 925 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
'''Last updated: 1.77.1.40'''
[[File:Ammoracks_Ru251.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''61''' || 57 ''(+4)'' || 51 ''(+10)'' || 41 ''(+20)'' || 31 ''(+30)'' || 21 ''(+40)'' || 11 ''(+50)'' || 1 ''(+60)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

Turret empty: 51 ''(+10)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Coaxial || 2,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,500 (1,000) || 1,200 || -10°/+25° || ±60°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Ru 251 is a very quick light tank, but it is not always fast. While it is true that the tank has a very high road speed, it can only make use of it in certain situations, much like the [[M18 GMC|M18 Hellcat]]. That being said, thanks to almost 26 horsepower per ton, it can manoeuvre much more quickly over smooth and rough terrain than most other tanks. An important thing to remember is that just because the Ru 251 has the capability of covering large distances quickly, doesn’t mean it is advisable. This tank, like many german post-war vehicles, has virtually no armour, and a huge ammo rack located in the front of the hull.

This tank is highly effective in ambushes, and sniping from cover and the sides of maps. As mentioned prior, this vehicle is not being played to its fullest extent when the enemy knows where it is, or in slugging matches.

Because the Ru 251 enjoys a gun similar to the [[M47|M47 Patton]] and [[JPz 4-5|Jagdpanzer 4-5]] that utilizes HEAT-FS, HESH, and HE, which are extremely potent at 6.7. There are virtually no enemies that can withstand the power of the HEAT-FS, even if it only penetrates 320mm of armour compared to later HEAT-FS that can penetrate 380 mm of armour or even more.

It should be noted that thanks to the transmission in the Ru 251, it can travel as fast forward as it can backwards. As many German tanks have poor reversing speed, this is a welcome change. Another wonderful feature of the transmission is the neutral steer. Unlike other tanks that are sluggish in their neutral-steering abilities, the Ru 251 will turn quickly when the input is made (Unlike the M41, which feels sluggish when neutral-turning, and at times feels hesitant).

===Tactics===
Even though the Ru 251 is a light tank, it utilizes advanced HEAT-FS that allows it to penetrate even the most challenging of opponents, such as the Maus. Upon contact with ammo racks and fuel tanks, serious damage will be done, if it does not outright destroy the opponent.

Before all, avoid colourful or bright decals. Camouflage is an essential part of defence. The characteristics for good performance in battle are: be "invisible", fast and effective. The Ru 251 speed is its best ally. This speed has to be used for flanking manoeuvres and relocate. Not for trying to cross open field. That`s a poor tactic.

'''Relocate:''' The Ru 251 will have to do this movement again and again. Choose a good spot wisely, if trees needed to be cleared for visibility, use the machine gun in short bursts. Remember, tracers can easily reveal anyone's position. When in a shooting spot, use the gun depression and keep the hull down until a target is found. Once a target is acquired, aim at critical components by firing into the fuel tanks or the ammo storage. If the shot misses, but are sure the enemy hasn't discovered where it came from, try another shot. Keep in mind, even if the target is oblivious, other members of the enemy team may have seen the firing location, so be careful. If detected, hide immediately! Relocation after being spotted is always advisable, but if relocation is not possible, wait until the enemy has become preoccupied with other team members.

'''Flanking:''' Flanking is the most dangerous manoeuvre of all because at times the Ru 251 has to expose itself to get to the enemy's rear but it’s very effective when orchestrated properly. Early on in the battle, often enemy units are preoccupied with trying to get to their positions that they might not notice someone flanking, depending on the map and route taken. If a flank is attempted later on, be sure that all enemy vehicles are focused away from, or cannot see the path that is used to flank. When flanking, attacking lone targets will yield the best results. If firing carelessly into a group of tanks, they will locate the flank position and likely highlight the Ru 251 for the entire team to see. On the other hand, if targeting a lone tank, they typically do not tell their teams where they were shot from, and this gives some degree of protection. If they happen to spawn again, be sure to watch likely avenues of approach from the closest spawn and listen for aircraft, as they likely are trying to get vengeance.

Due to your quick speed, you may find yourself outnumbered by enemies. If this is the case, try to remain concealed and use the spotting feature to mark the tanks for your allies. Not only does this help you better keep track of the tanks, but it also helps your team know where the enemies are to give you a better chance of coming out a nasty situation alive.

'''Avoid flat terrain:''' Flat terrain means that the Ru 251 will become an easy target for virtually any vehicle by exposure, especially when not moving or when moving in a straight line. Open plains are the bane of the Ru 251. Whenever possible, one should try to stay amongst hills or within buildings.

'''Engaging:''' Unlike most German tanks, the Ru 251 does not possess APHE to reliably one shot its opponents. Thus, prioritize ammo locations of tanks before and learn their internal crew layout. Its HEAT-FS round will likely penetrate all vehicles at its battle rating reliably, thus, learning internal crew layout is more important than analysing the armour. If you are unsure where to shoot the enemy, going for the breech is the safest bet. Not only will this prevent the enemy from firing back, it will also force them to relocate and repair.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Airstrike
| M431 shell
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| Smoke grenade
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Improved optics
|
|-
! colspan="7" |This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* As with all premium vehicles, the Ru 251 is fully upgraded, and comes with a Talisman
* Is very, very quick, and has great manoeuvrability
* Utilizes a very similar gun to the one found on the M47, however is at BR 6.7, not 7.3
* Has (likely) the fastest reverse speed in the game
* Reload (with full crew + Expert training) is very quick for the calibre and potency of gun
* Little armour (advantageous for BR 7.0+ battles, where mobility is favoured)

'''Cons:'''

* While acceleration is quick, it is not necessarily fast
* Huge ammo rack that sits at the front of the hull
* Little armour (disadvantageous for BR 6.3- battles, where more armour can lead to bouncing)
* Has very poor top armour, extremely vulnerable to artillery
* Has the least lions reward of all the other Rank IV German Premiums (390% vs 420%)
* Differential steering without initial momentum does not traverse the tank quickly

== History ==
The Spähpanzer Ru 251 light tank was conceived solely as a reconnaissance vehicle. In the early 1960s, the Bundeswehr were still using the outdated American M41 Walker Bulldogs in their armored scout battalions, however the time had come to replace them with something more modern. A program to develop a new light tank was launched in 1960. It was essential that the tank had excellent mobility and enough firepower to destroy the main Soviet tanks of the day. The first prototype was built in 1963, followed by at least one more by 1964. In 1964, the Ru 251 prototypes underwent intensive field tests, although by that time the Leopard main battle tank was already being readied for serial production and the Germans decided against ordering another tank so similar to the Leopard.

- From [[wt:en/news/4524-development-spähpanzer-ru-251-the-fastest-on-land-en/|Devblog]]

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|k0xWIrlYSr4|'''The Shooting Range #55''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the Ru 251.}}

== See also ==

* [[JPz 4-5]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4524-development-sp%C3%A4hpanzer-ru-251-the-fastest-on-land-en/|[Devblog] Spähpanzer Ru 251: The Fastest on land]]

{{Germany light tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

F-89B

2020-07-01T05:58:22Z

U37697836: /* Flight performance */

{{Specs-Card|code=f-89b}}
{{About
| about = American jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other version
| link = F-89D
}}
== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} Scorpion was designed and built to be an all-weather interceptor intended to neutralize any potential invading Soviet bomber force. The USAAF was intent in replacing the P-61 Black Widow with another night fighter, one specifically which would fly faster (minimum 850 km/h (530 mph)) almost assuredly requiring the usage of jets, six sixty-calibre machine guns or 20 mm autocannons and armed with internally stored aerial rockets. To round out the aircraft for ground attack if needed, it would also need to accommodate 1,000 lb bombs and eight larger rocket types externally. Initial wind tunnel testing of the fighter determined that the proposed swept-wings were insufficient at slow speeds and were changed out with straight wings. Though causing a loss of high-end performance, increased stability at low speeds was necessary.

Other changes to the horizontal stabilizer also increased the effectiveness of the elevators and rudder. Concerns about the fuel tanks situated right over the engines were nullified when it was determined that efforts made by Northrop to protect them were considered sufficient, anything else would have required a complete redesign of the aircraft.

Other key features of the Scorpion was the usage of decelerons or clamshell-style split ailerons which work as a standard aileron, however, can open up as a dive brake or be utilized as a takeoff/landing flap. Last-minute changes by the Air Force required upgrading the engines and outfitting an afterburner, adding a radar system, fire control system, permanent wingtip fuel tanks, reconfigured nose guns and easy access to lower the entire engine to make for easier maintenance.

The F-89B was an upgraded version of the F-89A, primarily featuring only upgraded avionics. Armament remained standard with six nose-mounted 20 mm cannons. As an interceptor, the F-89B was well suited to have the six nose-mounted cannons which did not require the pilot to have to worry about convergence, especially when flying at higher speeds. The tightly packed cannons concentrated the 20 mm rounds in a tight pattern and when fired in bursts can unleash devastation on both enemy bomber and fighter aircraft, especially suited for head-ons or even strafing runs aimed at the wings or engine sections of the aircraft. While there are only 200 rounds per gun (1,200 total), they are not meant for the pilot to just hold the trigger and spray but instead require a bit of trigger control and fire in short bursts as typically it does not take much to disable or destroy another aircraft.

The F-89B is a fairly large aircraft and can be an easy target for other aircraft, so speed is key to maintain manoeuvrability and make it difficult for an enemy fighter to get a positive gun solution on the Scorpion. Boom & Zoom tactics will be the best bet for this fighter as while it is a stable flyer when going slow, it, however, will be an easy target and slow manoeuvring aircraft without the advantage of speed.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,200 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 999 || 992 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.3 || 29.5 || 40.5 || 38.4 || rowspan="2" | 747
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,022 || 1,011 || 27.7 || 28.0 || 59.0 || 49.4
|-
|}

====Details====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 554 || 447 || 379 || ~8 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 760 || < 800 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="7" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | Empty mass || colspan="4" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Allison J35-A-21B || 2
| colspan="3" | 11,780 kg || colspan="4" | 291 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="6" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 19m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 64m fuel
|-
| 1,300 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 13,181 kg || 13,253 kg || 13,971 kg || 15,048 kg || 16,126 kg || 16,413 kg || 16,703 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="7" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 19m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 64m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,141 kgf || 2,912 kgf
| 0.44 || 0.44 || 0.42 || 0.39 || 0.36 || 0.35 || 0.35
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,229 kgf (800 km/h) || 3,255 kgf (800 km/h)
| 0.49 || 0.49 || 0.47 || 0.43 || 0.40 || 0.40 || 0.39
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


The F-89B has two 12.7 mm steel armour plates in the nose and a 60 mm bulletproof windshield. The wing tips will break past the aileron at 920+ km/h (depending on altitude) and will count as a vehicle loss. However, the plane can limp back to base if the pilot: maintain speed/don't turn sharp to avoid a spin, approach the airfield low and straight on, open the air brake to help balance the broken wing, roll the intact wing '''down,''' lower the gear at < 300 km/h then roll back level onto the runway. There the pilot can repair his plane and get back in the fight!

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|M24A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 6 x 20 mm M24A1 cannons, nose-mounted (200 rpg = 1,200 total)

The F-89B is armed with 6 x M24A1 20 mm cannons in the nose. Although each gun only holds 200 rounds (1,200 total), a well-aimed burst with the air targets belt will easily destroy any target or at least set it on fire.

== Usage in battles ==


This aircraft has deadly frontal cannons, but they also have a very high rate of fire, so it is recommended to keep an eye on ammo count through the course of a battle. Air Target belts are the most effective ammunition belt for destroying enemy aircraft. In ground RB, the F-89B is less effective: without bombs, rockets, or high-penetration rounds, the plane has a difficult time destroying armoured vehicles. Still, it can be used in any game mode as a very potent fighter.

Although fast, this plane has poor rudder authority at high speeds, and this makes high speed boom and zoom attacks more difficult. It's large tail section also makes aiming challenging at times. However, this setup also gives the plane good elevator authority under 800 km/h and especially between 700 and 750 km/h. Above this speed (and below 600 km/h), elevator control also suffers. Although perhaps not comparable to the [[Ho 229 V3|Ho 229]], this plane does have a much better turn rate than the [[Me 262 (Family)|Me 262]]. Finally, the roll rate is not terrible, but not good either.

This aircraft is prone to wing-ripping above 900 km/h, and when in a dive, it may be necessary to employ the vehicle's very effective airbrakes in order to stay below this speed. Wing-rips are also common when concurrently pulling negative G's and rolling.

Thanks to the F-89B's afterburners, it has great acceleration, and can climb better than any other jet at this tier. This gives players a huge advantage in the first few minutes of a battle, during which the F-89B can prey on lower enemies. But all in all, the F-89B does not do any one thing significantly better than anything else - it's a jack-of-all-trades who's greatest advantage is engine power.

When dogfighting, the F-89B performs very well in vertical manoeuvres. Here, the jet's afterburners give the plane a dramatic advantage over non-afterburning enemies.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage Repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 20 mm
|-
| II
|
|
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings Repair
| Engine
|
| New 20 mm cannons
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
|-
! colspan="5" |This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Six deadly 20 mm cannons clustered in the nose, massive burst mass
* Excellent for head-on attacks
* Quick acceleration with afterburner
* Dual-engine, flyable with one damaged
* Targeting radar

'''Cons:'''

* A large target
* Damaged wings throw off the aircraft's balance
* No rocket, missile or bomb options
* Not as nimble as single-engine MiGs

== History ==


Almost immediately after WWII, the Nothrop Corporation began developing an experimental jet fighter-interceptor to meet the new requirements for that class of aircraft. The American interceptor’s primary targets were supposed to be Soviet bombers, so the projected model’s flight characteristics and armament had to meet this objective. At first the two-seater twin-engine jet was developed to have a rather interesting four gun turret. This turret was to be mounted on the aircraft’s nose and could fire on targets either automatically or manually along a vertical plane either forward, up, down or, in some cases, backward. However, when the experimental model of the aircraft was ready, the turret still hadn’t undergone testing yet, so the military decided to install traditional static frontal guns on it, as well as HVARs on the wing pylons. It was with this loadout that the Scorpion F-89A and F-89B went into service. The armament was switched exclusively to rockets somewhat later. To make the change to rockets, the designers implemented an interesting solution: Mighty Mouse unguided rockets were installed on the front of the wing-mounted fuel tanks in such a way that the rocket and fuel sections of this part of the design were separated by a fireproof barrier. This also made it possible to install heavier, more destructive HVARs under the wing. The F-89D or “rocket” version of the Scorpion went on to become the most widespread version of the aircraft in the US air force – 682 of them were manufactured.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6371-development-f-89b-and-f-89d-scorpion-jet-bros-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[F-89D]] - Rocket-armed variant of the fighter.

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6371-development-f-89b-and-f-89d-scorpion-jet-bros-en|[Development] F-89B and F-89D Scorpion: Jet Bros]]

{{AirManufacturer Northrop}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

Merkava Mk.1 (USA)

2020-06-01T03:32:22Z

U37697836: /* Usage in battles and Media*/

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_merkava_mk_1
|market = Merkava Mk.1 (USA)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] as a reward for the [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6145-special-battlefield-engineer-en "Battlefield Engineer"] event.

At a glance, one may mistake the vehicle's profile for the [[Centauro]], which is already infamous on its own, because they share similar traits - an extremely long vehicle with a turret on its back, that sports a very long cannon. However, this vehicle has an even lower profile and drives on tracks instead of wheels. Due to this, it's significantly slower. The amount of damage it can cause, though, is similar.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

This tank has an extremely low profile, sloped frontal armour that is extremely sloped everywhere and cannot be hull-broken.

[[File:Internal shields merkava mk1.jpg|420px|thumb|right|One of Merkava Mk.1's secondary shields (There may be multiple of them layered over each other depending on angle of attack)]]

Even if anything penetrates the front of the hull, the shell will then have to go through an assortment of modules and protection beyond the initial hull. The first in the way is a fuel tank, which shields the engine. Even if that is penetrated, there is still a list of rolled homogenous armour behind it. Even if that is penetrated, the engine will take the entirety of shrapnel with seemingly no failure. This will often result in the tank catching fire with a destroyed transmission and/or engine but with no other damage the tank. If one tries to fire straight at the driver, the shell will most likely just ricochet, bounce off the turret and away unless it was APDS or APFSDS. Even then, any shell that hit directly from the front will likely only take down the driver.

The hull is also quite proof against ATGM, as module placement absorbs as much damage as [[IPM1]] and [[M1A1 Abrams]] NERA, so missiles should be fired at the turret instead unless one tries to just burn down the vehicle. In arcade mode, if ATGM tank operator wants to destroy the tank fast, they should consider hitting the upper part of the hull next to the turret, for if only the engine is hit by projectile, then HEAT can overpenetrate it and spall into mid-section of the tank, sometimes just barely reaching the ready ammo rack and detonating it. In Realistic battle mode, simply hitting turret with ATGM might actually destroy the vehicle in one hit due to the crew loss.

The turret is well-protected, with its well-angled armour structure and layers of homogenous armour. As such, anything short of APDS from specifically sniper tanks like [[Chieftain Mk 3]] or APFSDS have a high chance of doing no damage. The only place with no protection is the turret ring, which is vulnerable to well-aimed APHE shots.

The ''side'' hull armour of the tank is considerably weaker though and can be penetrated by APDS-equipped SPAA and light tanks. Tracks still block some shots, but it's possible to destroy the entirety of turret compartment with a high enough rate-of-fire before tank turns around. AP-I belt would probably fail to penetrate it, though.

The sides of the base of the turret seem to be a viable target for HESH, unlike the rest of the tank. Though, ''even there'' vehicle has a little fuel tank, which has a tendency to derail spalling away from last turret crew member.

As such, Merkava should avoid exposing its sides, to protect its turret crew and ammunition.

In addition to the assortment of armour, the vehicle has smoke launchers and smoke shells to cover itself.

Ammunition is stored in the very back of the vehicle, at the very bottom and is covered with even more armour lists. Most of the attacks from front of the vehicle or from above will inevitably hit side skirts, turret, or other modules in way of the shell and achieve nothing. In case enemy tank attacks from behind, even tank's back is protected with layers of spaced armour, rolled homogenous armour and fuel tanks, completely neutralizing weak chemical shells (such as HESH), or derailing HEAT-FS spall away from critical components. Only firing HEAT-FS diagonally through the shield in the middle of Merkava's rear seems to consistently achieve hitting ammunition or crew. Using AP based ammunition instead is highly advised.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1395|rbMinHp= 796|}}

In Arcade battles, the {{PAGENAME}} has a top speed of about 51 km/h forward. However, either due to extreme recklessness of its drivers, or better than average acceleration, it often gets to position faster than expected. Its reverse speed is quite low though, being about -10 km/h at best.

In Realistic mode, its top speed is supposed to be about 46 km/h forward and about -8 km/h in reverse.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

Merkava uses a 105 mm Sharir cannon with a two-plane stabilizer. The default reload rate is 8.71 seconds and with crew training it will go down to 6.7 seconds. First-stage ammo stowage on the turret floor has 14 shells and the 48 remaining shells are in the back.

Default ammo for this cannon is HEATFS M152, with 400 mm of penetration at 0° angle of attack (AOA).

Additionally, the gun can be loaded with:

* '''HESH M156''', which can penetrate armour about 127-142 mm thick for 140 Silver Lions per shot.

* '''APFSDS M111''', which can penetrate 337 mm at 0° AOA and 194 at 60° AOA at point blank for 220 Silver Lions per shot.

* '''Smoke M416''', with 20 m coverage range for 30 SL.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 62 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 45.0 || 52.7 || 60.4 || 64.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.7 || rowspan="2" | 7.7 || rowspan="2" | 7.1 || rowspan="2" | 6.7
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.1 || 32.9 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M156 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! rowspan="2" | Normalisation at 30° from horizontal
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,271 || +0.0° || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
| M156 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,306 || +0.0° || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''62''' || 39 ''(+23)'' || 15 ''(+47)'' || 7 ''(+55)'' || 1 ''(+61)'' || No
|-
|}

Racks #3 and #4 are ready racks on the Merkava, taking up 16 rounds before rear hull racks #1 and #2 are filled with ammunition. Due to the unique layout of the Merkava and the ammo racks being away from the front, it would not harm the tank's survivability by a large margin to carry more ammunition.



=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

As for machine gun armament, Merkava Mk.1 has one 12.7 mm M2HB and three 7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40 machine guns.

Their penetration statistics seem to be standard for their calibre.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (200) || 576 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Coaxial || 5,950 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle (Commander) || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (Loader) || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
Merkava Mk.1 have BR 9.0 in AB and 8.7 in BR and SB. In this BR range, Merkava will face some strong enemies. Although Merkava is designed for maximum crew survivability, but don't trust completely on that. Between the armor plates sits your engine, transmission and fuel tank, these modules can absorb some damage, but in return you will lose mobility completely or catch on fire sometimes.

The gun carried by the Merkava is familiar to all top rank tank commanders: 105 mm Sharir cannon which is a modified version of the British L7 gun. The shells it fire is also quite promising. When stock it can fire M152 HEATFS shell instead of the normal APDS shell. After research tankers can fire the powerful M111 APFSDS shell. This shell can penetrate most same tier enemies Merkava might face. When facing up-tier enemies, it is recommend to play more as a support role since you can only shoot weak spots of your enemies' front.

The mobility of the Merkava Mk.1 is not so good by MBT standard. Teammates and enemies will arrive places you normally go faster than you. Be careful when you approaching the front line, there might be enemies nearby! Due to the mobility, it is recommend again to play as a support role. It will be easier to protect the side of your team from enemies' flank.

In terms of threats:

* Be careful for most MBTs firing kinetic rounds.
* Leopards /Type 74 /OF-40: They carry the same gun as Merkava, have almost the same rounds, but much faster. Their mobility makes them a big threat to the whole team when flanking. They are easy to kill due to weak armor.
* AMX-30B2 Brenus: It has better mobility than Merkava, it also have ERA which can cause trouble for players which have not yet research the M111 round. Stay back, tell your teammates, and let them finish it. It will be much easier to deal if you have the M111 round.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| M156
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| NVD
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| M416
| Smoke grenade
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| M111
| Laser rangefinder
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Armour is surprisingly effective, due to it being multi-layered
* Sometimes capable of just driving into the capture point, as if it doesn't care
* Has weapons and ammunition similar to SPG [[Centauro]], which is enough for most encounters
* Different ammunition types are cheap to use
* ATGMs may have problems destroying this vehicle, as well as small rockets and HESH

'''Cons:'''

* APFSDS does not care about module-based protection and will go straight through the entire vehicle
* Second layer of defence has a lot of openings, which can be exploited with side shots so the vehicle cannot be angled a lot
* Turret ring and middle rear weak spots compromise vehicle's defences and make it vulnerable to APHE at close ranges
* Side hull armour is weak, can be destroyed by light tanks with +30 mm cannons, obversely, default ammo usually fails to penetrate
* In up-tier, it's going to be slower than most of the adversaries
* Can be simply burned, if it cannot be destroyed normally
* Repair cost is higher, so need to be caution when you use it.
* Thermal signature is in the front of the tank, that make you easy to be seen by thermal sight.

== History ==

During the mid-1960s, Israel began researching the possibility of developing and manufacturing a domestically designed tank. The need for such a vehicle became even more emphasized after failed negotiations with Great Britain around the same time led to Israel not being permitted to licence produce the Chieftain MBT. Thus, during the late 1960s official development on a domestic Israeli tank began.

The Israeli tank was primarily designed around combat experiences gained during the Yom Kippur War, resulting in heavy emphasis being put on crew survivability. By 1974, first prototypes of the new “Merkava” tank were constructed and put through initial testing. After nearly a decade of development, the Merkava Mk.1 was adopted for service by the IDF in December 1979 and modernized versions continue to serve with Israeli forces today.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6140-development-merkava-mk-1-chariot-of-fire-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==
Skins:

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/ Skins and camouflages for Merkava Mk.1 from live.warthunder.com]

== See also ==


* [[Merkava Mk.2B (USA)|Merkava Mk.2B]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6140-development-merkava-mk-1-chariot-of-fire-en|[Development] Merkava Mk.1: Chariot of Fire]]

{{USA medium tanks}}

KPz-70

2020-05-17T20:40:54Z

U37697836: /* Armaments */

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_kpz_70}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_KPz-70.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A"]].

The KPz-70 displays impressive mobility, in terms of its ability to pickup and maintain speed over various terrains - albeit it is somewhat lackluster compared to some of the top rank vehicles such as the [[M1 Abrams|M1 Abrams]] and [[T-80B]]. This unfortunately negates many of the advantages the KPz-70 maintained during its reign as a top-rank vehicle. However, this doesn't change the need to utilize what mobility the vehicle has - it's the best weapon the KPz-70 has.

Unlike the Soviet T-64A (its main rival), the KPz-70 does not utilize composite armour, but an air gap that forces munitions penetrating the initial layers to lose their mass by fragmenting apart before moving to the next layer of armour. This general design concept has been in use as far back as WW2 and is even used to this day on modern fighting vehicles.

Spaced armour works wonderfully well against shaped charge munitions or any other munition with explosive filler provided it is of a stronger protection rating. Proceeding weapons and munitions development has seen this benefit decreased with either more powerful or tandem charge warheads and can be seen in-game against weapons that proceeded different designs of spaced armour. As such, the KPz-70 will find weapons that were designed to defeat spaced armour such as the HOT-K3S ATGM and BAE Swingfire system that will penetrate it. However, the spaced armour in the KPz-70 works exactly as it was designed to do against older anti-tank missiles, HEAT, HE, and HESH munitions.

The tank mounts no external spaced armour. The armour on the side and rear of the tank is not worth mentioning as it will only stop light machine gun fire and some cannon fire on the turret. Adversary SABOT rounds will penetrate clear through the engine and into the crew compartment most likely destroying the tank if engaged from behind.

The most important feature that makes a tank is the cannon. In this department, the KPz-70 is no slouch. The 152 mm gun launcher system (the same one used on the [[M551|M551 Sheridan]]), but with a longer barrel and is capable of firing a variety of munition types including an experimental APFSDS round, a traditional HEAT round (with high penetration), an experimental smoke round, and lastly the very capable and proven MGM-61C Shillelagh. This wide range of munition choices gives the operator a variety of options in a pre-combat configuration which can greatly either hinder or enhance the tankers capability on the battlefield. The benefit of a longer barrel compared to its Sheridan counterpart ensures the KPz-70 is much more accurate at range and that the rounds leave the barrel at higher velocities thus increasing their overall damage-dealing capabilities.

Additionally, the 152 mm gun launcher gets equipped with an autoloader, greatly reducing its time between followup shots on a target.

For targeting, the option to equip an incredibly accurate laser range finder is available. Additionally, the 7.62 mm machine gun mounted in the turret can be used for range finding as well.

The Rheinmetall Rh 202 20 mm autocannon is highly effective at dealing with lightly armoured battlefield threats and on some tanks exposed sides or rears. In some situations, it may be more beneficial to utilize the 20 mm as it will allow the tank to deal damage rapidly while conserving the 152 mm main cannon ammunition. The cannon is also highly effective at shooting down low flying attackers. Note that if the commander is knocked out, the 20 mm will become unusable.

The KPz-70 is equipped with a diesel-fueled 1,500 horsepower (1,100 kW) Daimler Benz V12 engine. This engine pack compared to its American counterpart produces more power, but only slightly so giving the KPz-70 an amazing 29.8 hp/t at 50 - 51.7 tons (depending on upgrade configuration).

A highly advantageous feature is the [[Hydropneumatic suspension|hydropneumatic suspension]] system which not only provides great cross country mobility but allows the crew to position the vehicle in such a way to only expose the strongest armour at an enemy threat. The suspension can also be used to gain further gun depression by raising the rear of the tank and lowering the front thus allowing the gunner to engage from a position that he might not have been able to engage from previously.

The KPz-70 features the standard NATO track and block design that can be found on most NATO vehicles. The rubber track blocks provide great traction off-road and on-road compared to all-metal tracks found on other fighting vehicles as sliding on a short halt or drifting is minimized.

Because of the elevated engine deck, gun depression is decreased significantly when firing or aiming the gun over the rear of the tank.

An unconventional feature at the time the KPz-70 was designed was the housing of all the crew members in the turret. Because of the autoloading system, the need for a loader was eliminated and due to an attempt to further lower the silhouette of the tank, the driver was located to the turret with the gunner and commander. This can have potentially devastating consequences on the battlefield as the crew can easily be injured or incapacitated by penetrating munitions entering the crew compartment.

For defensive countermeasures, the tank is equipped with quad four-barrel externally mounted smoke canister launchers which can provide either a defensive screen for the tank or friendly forces. These launchers can be fired in pairs of two. Keep in mind the smoke grenade launchers are operated by the gunner so should he become incapacitated in a fight, the smokes will become unavailable until the gunner is either replaced by another crew member or the crew replenishment consumable restores them.

Due to its low profile and effective array of camouflage options the KPz-70 scores high marks in the concealability category. It has a total of 4 camouflage options available to it. The standard (a 3 tone NATO CARC camouflage), winter camouflage (requires 700 battles against other players in the tank), a brown camouflage for desert environments, and lastly an olive drab option. The addition of various foliage can further increase the ability to conceal the tank.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Spaced armour (Hull front, Turret front)
* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 34* mm (60-61°) ''Front glacis'' 76.2 mm (64°) ''Lower glacis'' || 23 mm (40°) ''Top'' 23-35 mm ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (12°) ''Top'' 13 mm (57°) ''Bottom'' 8 mm (12°) ''Engine exhaust'' || 20 mm ''Front'' 8-12.7 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Turret || 50-200 mm (0-75°) || 12.7-38* mm (29-34°) || 12.7* mm (27-80°) || 20-50 mm ''Front'' 12.7 mm ''Rear turret''
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 25 mm || 25 mm
|-
! Spaced armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 200 mm ''Kinetic'' 170 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
| Turret || 320 mm ''Kinetic'' 280 mm ''Chemical'' || '''38 mm sections:''' 320 mm ''Kinetic'' 280 mm ''Chemical'' '''12.7 mm sections:''' 35 mm ''Kinetic'' 40 mm ''Chemical'' || 35 mm ''Kinetic'' 40 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 16 mm thick.
* Gun mantlet ring around the gun barrel is 305 mm thick.
* A 16 mm RHA plate separates the engine from the crew compartment
* Hull spaced armour configuration is 34 mm RHA + 127 mm air + 46 mm RHA.
* Turret spaced armour configuration is 38 mm RHA + 127 mm air + 130-33 mm RHA.
* Turret rear spaced armour configuration is 13 mm RHA + 38 mm air + 19 mm RHA.

The main weakness of the KPz-70 to take advantage of as an opposing player is the weak armour when compared to other tanks of its rank. If the KPz-70 can be baited to come towards a position, it becomes much easier to fight. Avoid springing a well-placed KPz-70 ambush if at all possible or try to sneak around him to flank and attack his weakest armour. A well-placed shot through the side of the turret is generally ensured destruction as all of the crew is located in the turret along with an ammunition store with rounds being located under the turret basket.

With the proper position or speed, try getting around the KPz-70 and engaging him from where it does not expect. It's important to remember the KPz-70 has the ability to quickly snap the turret around and engage any enemy, so surprising the tank is of the up-most central importance to come out victorious.

Another weakness that can be exploited is its speed. Because of its speed, unskilled players or players unfamiliar with its play style will often rush into situations they are not equipped to fight properly and find themselves overwhelmed, allowing a prepared defence to eliminate them.

One last weak spot worth mentioning is the turret ring. High penetrating munitions can completely pierce this section and travel into the crew compartment. SABOT rounds are especially effective at this. Any tank or SPAA with fast firing 30+ mm gun can penetrate it easily.

Do not try to out-shoot the KPz-70 as it has a very rapid reload that in most cases will ensure that unless the tank's ability to fire is disabled, it will recover and continue to fire to disable or destroy its offender.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 2325|rbMinHp= 1327|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|XM150E5 (152 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[XM150E5 (152 mm)|152 mm XM150E5]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 48 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 46.0 || 47.4 || 55.6 || 61.7 || 67.8 || rowspan="2" | 6.00 || rowspan="2" | 6.00 || rowspan="2" | 6.00 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 21.4 || 25.2 || 29.5 || 32.8 || 36.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| XM578E1 || APFSDS || 346 || 343 || 334 || 323 || 311 || 300
|-
| M409A1 || HEAT || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380
|-
| MGM-51C || ATGM || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| XM578E1 || APFSDS || 1,478 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M409A1 || HEAT || 754 || 18.9 || N/A || 0.1 || 3,730 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| MGM-51C || ATGM || 323 || 27.8 || N/A || 0.1 || 3,600 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| XM410E1 || 754 || 18.9 || 25 || 5 || 30 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''48''' || 44 ''(+4)'' || 33 ''(+15)'' || 25 ''(+23)'' || 13 ''(+35)'' || 1 ''(+47)'' || No
|-
|}

2nd rack empty: 33 ''(+15)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Rh202 (20 mm)|MG3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

KPz-70 is one of the few medium tanks (aside from French and [[MBT-70]]) to carry 20 mm coaxial autocannon. This weapon '''should not''' be treated lightly or dismissed as "just an anti-aircraft" gun, as it has 57 mm penetration at flat angle, and it will shred anything from light tanks and SPAA, to lightly armoured medium tanks' sides and SPG, if they are not angled. In case that their armour cannot be penetrated, use the autocannon to destroy a hostile tank's gun barrel and make them helpless, then return fire. This is even more effective, considering the main cannon can fire ATGM directly at enemy tank without losing the penetration or accuracy even when its barrel is broken, allowing you to punish people fishing for easy cannon barrel takedowns.

If necessary, the 20 mm can also fire at the sky to take out helicopters and careless jet pilots.

Do note, that this pintle-mounted weapon is not protected by anything - HE hit to the hull (for example, if SAM tank fires at it) will likely obliterate it, forcing it to do pathetic damage and jam or miss a lot. Do not forget to repair it.

7.62 mm machine gun is simply used to make bullet screens against hostile ATGM or to put more pressure on aircrafts, if they can be targeted by it.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Rh202 (20 mm)|20 mm Rh202]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 750 (750) || 900 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

The tank plays very much like the [[Leopard_A1A1|Leopard 1A1A1]]. Players familiar with the Leopard play style will easily adapt to the KPz-70. It has reasonable mobility, especially with full upgrades and aced crew, allowing it to manoeuvre into spots not typically accessible by less mobile tanks. Utilize this to an advantage to set up ambushes as this is how the KPz-70 will get the best of many opponents. It's important to recognize when engagement is not beneficial so that the tank may get a better position or escape from the threat.

Despite the initial appearance of strong frontal armour, it's important to remember when compared to its counterparts at its rank, it is not nearly enough to defeat threats head-on such as the [[T-64A_(1971)|T-64A]]. Even ATGM from missile vehicles such as the [[RakJPz_2_(HOT)|Raketenjagdpanzer 2 HOT]] will penetrate the turret and upper glacis plate. Even other Rank V tanks can and will penetrate from the front. Because of the rather condensed placement of crew and ammunition, the KPz-70 will most likely be destroyed. Because of this, it is critical that the KPz-70 gets the first shot off in engagement and ensure it is either eliminated or crippled to such a capacity they either cannot engage or will instinctively panic and try to run to repair or determine the engagement location.

The gun is especially versatile and powerful with a wide range of ammunition selection, but generally, the cannon launched ATGM's and sabot rounds will get the job done in most situations. The 20 mm turret roof-mounted cannon is great for taking out lightly armoured targets (to include some tanks, ATGM vehicles, etc), anti-air, and aircraft.

Essentially, if this tank is treated like a Leopard, the survivability rate will increase dramatically. The hydropneumatic suspension allows the tank to position in such ways that it can engage from non-conventional spots while exposing only the strongest armour towards the threat. The low silhouette makes the tank especially difficult to hit at longer ranges and this can be further enhanced (situation dependent) by the adjustable suspension. Because of the accurate cannon, it will also find be easy to engage at longer ranges which will maximize the KPz-70's strengths while reducing the targets.

In summary, the KPz-70 is a great addition to any end game lineup as it provides great flexibility in almost all engagements and is well worth the time and investment to acquire.

===Tactics===
Ambushing is the tank's strength. As covered previously, utilize the speed to get into firing positions quickly and cause chaos and confusion among the enemy.

The KPz-70 can also quickly capture objective points and when used properly hold positions so long as it does not stay in any one place too long.

Scoot and shoot tactics will benefit the KPz-70 play style as well as terrain masking techniques.

Should the tank have to fight in closer engagement ranges or in close quarters, it's critical to always remember the armour will not protect the tank reliably. However, the speed, fast-rotating turret, and manoeuvrability will. Provided the player utilizes these to their advantage, the KPz-70 will be able to control the fight. Recognize when the enemy is baiting the tank into an ambush and avoid them as the KPz-70 doesn't stand a great chance of conducting a counter-ambush due to the weak armour.

If the KPz-70 does find itself a victim of an ambush, launch a smokescreen, escape, and reassess for a counter-ambush.

The KPz-70 benefits greatly from squad play. A skilled lone KPz-70 is most certainly a threat on the battlefield but 2 or even 3 KPz-70's working in conjunction with each other in a squad is an extreme danger to the opposing team as the use of squad tactics in combination with the great strengths of the tank can almost completely control the momentum of the conflict.

===Modules===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|XM410E1
|
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|XM578E1
|
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|Smoke grenade
|
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|
|Artillery Support
|Laser rangefinder
|NVD
|-
|}

The recommended research order of modules is Parts, FPE, the XM578E1 APFSDS shell, NVD, mobility modifications, and then any remaining modules.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great mobility, although out-stripped by some vehicles that utilize turbine engines
* Extremely fast in both forwards and reverse
* Fast reload at 6 seconds with autoloader
* Great gun, with access to various types of ammunition, ATGMs included
* 20mm autocannon anti-aircraft gun mounted on the top of the tank
* Low profile for visibility
* Has a hydropneumatic suspension system
* The fuel tanks in the hull can absorb HEAT-FS shells

'''Cons:'''

* Unimpressive frontal plate armour, the turret ring is also exposed, allowing SPAA and light tanks to destroy it frontally
* Vulnerable to the rear, if the hydropneumatic suspension is not used
* Optics are vulnerable and can cause ATGMs and HE to explode downwards into the crew compartment
* Very easy to one shot because of 3 crew cramped in the turret

== History ==


Being threatened by the Soviet T-64 tank, Germany and the United States joined together to develop a new main battle tank in the mid-1960s. This became the MBT/KPz-70 project. The new main battle tank would use advanced technology of the time, including hydropneumatic suspension, 152mm gun/launcher capable firing tank shell and ATGM, autoloading system, spaced armour, 1500 horsepower diesel engine and remote-controlled weapon station. Everything looks perfect on paper, but in reality, there were many problems. The autoloading system could load Shillelagh missile quite easily, but it would jam the tank shell. The housing of the driver in a rotating cupola inside the turret would cause an unanticipated problems to the driver. The caseless ammunition would also become unusable if the humidity is high.

With such design problems and over budget, MBT/KPz-70 project was officially cancelled in 1971. Though the MBT/KPz-70 never entered service, many of its design and technology had been passed on to its successor: M1 Abrams and Keiler, the latter of which became the Leopard 2.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
[https://warthunder.com/en/news/4923-gamescom-kpz-70-mbt-70-a-warrior-of-two-armies-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> KPz-70 & MBT-70 - A Warrior of Two Armies]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany medium tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

Merkava Mk.1 (USA)

2020-05-15T03:41:19Z

U37697836: Main Armament, Ammunition, See also

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_merkava_mk_1
|market = Merkava Mk.1 (USA)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]] as a reward for the [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6145-special-battlefield-engineer-en "Battlefield Engineer"] event.

At a glance, one may mistake the vehicle's profile for the [[Centauro]], which is already infamous on its own, because they share similar traits - an extremely long vehicle with a turret on its back, that sports a very long cannon. However, this vehicle has an even lower profile and drives on tracks instead of wheels. Due to this, it's significantly slower. The amount of damage it can cause, though, is similar.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

This tank has an extremely low profile, sloped frontal armour that is extremely sloped everywhere and cannot be hull-broken.

[[File:Internal shields merkava mk1.jpg|420px|thumb|right|One of Merkava Mk.1's secondary shields (There may be multiple of them layered over each other depending on angle of attack)]]

Even if anything penetrates the front of the hull, the shell will then have to go through an assortment of modules and protection beyond the initial hull. The first in the way is a fuel tank, which shields the engine. Even if that is penetrated, there is still a list of rolled homogenous armour behind it. Even if that is penetrated, the engine will take the entirety of shrapnel with seemingly no failure. This will often result in the tank catching fire with a destroyed transmission and/or engine but with no other damage the tank. If one tries to fire straight at the driver, the shell will most likely just ricochet, bounce off the turret and away unless it was APDS or APFSDS. Even then, any shell that hit directly from the front will likely only take down the driver.

The hull is also quite proof against ATGM, as module placement absorbs as much damage as [[IPM1]] and [[M1A1 Abrams]] NERA, so missiles should be fired at the turret instead unless one tries to just burn down the vehicle. In arcade mode, if ATGM tank operator wants to destroy the tank fast, they should consider hitting the upper part of the hull next to the turret, for if only the engine is hit by projectile, then HEAT can overpenetrate it and spall into mid-section of the tank, sometimes just barely reaching the ready ammo rack and detonating it. In Realistic battle mode, simply hitting turret with ATGM might actually destroy the vehicle in one hit due to the crew loss.

The turret is well-protected, with its well-angled armour structure and layers of homogenous armour. As such, anything short of APDS from specifically sniper tanks like [[Chieftain Mk 3]] or APFSDS have a high chance of doing no damage. The only place with no protection is the turret ring, which is vulnerable to well-aimed APHE shots.

The ''side'' hull armour of the tank is considerably weaker though and can be penetrated by APDS-equipped SPAA and light tanks. Tracks still block some shots, but it's possible to destroy the entirety of turret compartment with a high enough rate-of-fire before tank turns around. AP-I belt would probably fail to penetrate it, though.

The sides of the base of the turret seem to be a viable target for HESH, unlike the rest of the tank. Though, ''even there'' vehicle has a little fuel tank, which has a tendency to derail spalling away from last turret crew member.

As such, Merkava should avoid exposing its sides, to protect its turret crew and ammunition.

In addition to the assortment of armour, the vehicle has smoke launchers and smoke shells to cover itself.

Ammunition is stored in the very back of the vehicle, at the very bottom and is covered with even more armour lists. Most of the attacks from front of the vehicle or from above will inevitably hit side skirts, turret, or other modules in way of the shell and achieve nothing. In case enemy tank attacks from behind, even tank's back is protected with layers of spaced armour, rolled homogenous armour and fuel tanks, completely neutralizing weak chemical shells (such as HESH), or derailing HEAT-FS spall away from critical components. Only firing HEAT-FS diagonally through the shield in the middle of Merkava's rear seems to consistently achieve hitting ammunition or crew. Using AP based ammunition instead is highly advised.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1395|rbMinHp= 796|}}

In Arcade battles, the {{PAGENAME}} has a top speed of about 51 km/h forward. However, either due to extreme recklessness of its drivers, or better than average acceleration, it often gets to position faster than expected. Its reverse speed is quite low though, being about -10 km/h at best.

In Realistic mode, its top speed is supposed to be about 46 km/h forward and about -8 km/h in reverse.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

Merkava uses a 105 mm Sharir cannon with a two-plane stabilizer. The default reload rate is 8.71 seconds and with crew training it will go down to 6.7 seconds. First-stage ammo stowage on the turret floor has 14 shells and the 48 remaining shells are in the back.

Default ammo for this cannon is HEATFS M152, with 400 mm of penetration at 0° angle of attack (AOA).

Additionally, the gun can be loaded with:

* '''HESH M156''', which can penetrate armour about 127-142 mm thick for 140 Silver Lions per shot.

* '''APFSDS M111''', which can penetrate 337 mm at 0° AOA and 194 at 60° AOA at point blank for 220 Silver Lions per shot.

* '''Smoke M416''', with 20 m coverage range for 30 SL.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 62 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 38.1 || 45.0 || 52.7 || 60.4 || 64.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.7 || rowspan="2" | 7.7 || rowspan="2" | 7.1 || rowspan="2" | 6.7
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 23.8 || 28.1 || 32.9 || 37.6 || 40.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M156 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! rowspan="2" | Normalisation at 30° from horizontal
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,271 || +0.0° || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
| M156 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 4,306 || +0.0° || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''62''' || 39 ''(+23)'' || 15 ''(+47)'' || 7 ''(+55)'' || 1 ''(+61)'' || No
|-
|}

Racks #3 and #4 are ready racks on the Merkava, taking up 16 rounds before rear hull racks #1 and #2 are filled with ammunition. Due to the unique layout of the Merkava and the ammo racks being away from the front, it would not harm the tank's survivability by a large margin to carry more ammunition.



=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

As for machine gun armament, Merkava Mk.1 has one 12.7 mm M2HB and three 7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40 machine guns.

Their penetration statistics seem to be standard for their calibre.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Coaxial || 900 (200) || 576 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount
! Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Rate of fire (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| Coaxial || 5,950 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle (Commander) || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (Loader) || 1,750 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| M156
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| NVD
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| M416
| Smoke grenade
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| M111
| Laser rangefinder
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Armour is surprisingly effective, due to it being multi-layered
* Sometimes capable of just driving into the capture point, as if it doesn't care
* Has weapons and ammunition similar to SPG [[Centauro]], which is enough for most encounters
* Different ammunition types are cheap to use
* ATGMs may have problems destroying this vehicle, as well as small rockets and HESH

'''Cons:'''

* APFSDS does not care about module-based protection and will go straight through the entire vehicle
* Second layer of defence has a lot of openings, which can be exploited with side shots so the vehicle cannot be angled a lot
* Turret ring and middle rear weak spots compromise vehicle's defences and make it vulnerable to APHE at close ranges
* Side hull armour is weak, can be destroyed by light tanks with +30 mm cannons, obversely, default ammo usually fails to penetrate
* In up-tier, it's going to be slower than most of the adversaries
* Can be simply burned, if it cannot be destroyed normally
* Repair cost is higher, so need to be caution when you use it.
* Thermal signature is in the front of the tank, that make you easy to be seen by thermal sight.

== History ==

During the mid-1960s, Israel began researching the possibility of developing and manufacturing a domestically designed tank. The need for such a vehicle became even more emphasized after failed negotiations with Great Britain around the same time led to Israel not being permitted to licence produce the Chieftain MBT. Thus, during the late 1960s official development on a domestic Israeli tank began.

The Israeli tank was primarily designed around combat experiences gained during the Yom Kippur War, resulting in heavy emphasis being put on crew survivability. By 1974, first prototypes of the new “Merkava” tank were constructed and put through initial testing. After nearly a decade of development, the Merkava Mk.1 was adopted for service by the IDF in December 1979 and modernized versions continue to serve with Israeli forces today.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6140-development-merkava-mk-1-chariot-of-fire-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

* [[Merkava Mk.2B (USA)|Merkava Mk.2B]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6140-development-merkava-mk-1-chariot-of-fire-en|[Development] Merkava Mk.1: Chariot of Fire]]

{{USA medium tanks}}

KPz-70

2019-11-06T20:39:06Z

U37697836: /* History */ added tank history as well as filled several blanks about the tank stat.

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_kpz_70}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_KPz-70.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A"]].

The KPz-70 displays impressive mobility, in terms of its ability to pickup and maintain speed over various terrains - albeit it is somewhat lackluster compared to some of the top rank vehicles such as the [[M1 Abrams|M1 Abrams]] and [[T-80B]]. This unfortunately negates many of the advantages the KPz-70 maintained during its reign as a top-rank vehicle. However, this doesn't change the need to utilize what mobility the vehicle has - it's the best weapon the KPz-70 has.

Unlike the Soviet T-64A (its main rival), the KPz-70 does not utilize composite armour, but an air gap that forces munitions penetrating the initial layers to lose their mass by fragmenting apart before moving to the next layer of armour. This general design concept has been in use as far back as WW2 and is even used to this day on modern fighting vehicles.

Spaced armour works wonderfully well against shaped charge munitions or any other munition with explosive filler provided it is of a stronger protection rating. Proceeding weapons and munitions development has seen this benefit decreased with either more powerful or tandem charge warheads and can be seen in-game against weapons that proceeded different designs of spaced armour. As such, the KPz-70 will find weapons that were designed to defeat spaced armour such as the HOT-K3S ATGM and BAE Swingfire system that will penetrate it. However the spaced armour in the KPz-70 works exactly as it was designed to do against older anti-tank missiles, HEAT, HE, and HESH munitions.

The tank mounts no external spaced armour. The armour on the side and rear of the tank is not worth mentioning as it will only stop light machine gun fire and some cannon fire on the turret. Adversary SABOT rounds will penetrate clear through the engine and into the crew compartment most likely destroying the tank if engaged from behind.

The most important feature that makes a tank is the cannon. In this department, the KPz-70 is no slouch. The 152 mm gun launcher system (the same one used on the [[M551|M551 Sheridan]]), but with a longer barrel and is capable of firing a variety of munition types including an experimental APFSDS round, a traditional HEAT round (with high penetration), an experimental smoke round, and lastly the very capable and proven MGM-61C Shillelagh. This wide range of munition choices gives the operator a variety of options in pre-combat configuration which can greatly either hinder or enhance the tankers capability on the battlefield. The benefit of a longer barrel compared to its Sheridan counterpart ensures the KPz-70 is much more accurate at range and that the rounds leave the barrel at higher velocities thus increasing their overall damage dealing capabilities.

Additionally the 152mm gun launcher gets equipped with an auto loader, greatly reducing its time between followup shots on a target.

For targeting, the option to equip an incredibly accurate laser range finder is available. Additionally the 7.62 mm machine gun mounted in the turret can be used for range finding as well.

The Rheinmetall Rh 202 20 mm auto cannon is highly effective at dealing with light armoured battlefield threats and on some tanks exposed sides or rears. In some situations, it may be more beneficial to utilize the 20 mm as it will allow the tank to deal damage rapidly while conserving the 152 mm main cannon ammunition. The cannon is also highly effective at shooting down low flying attackers. Note that if the commander is knocked out, the 20 mm will become unusable.

The KPz-70 is equipped with a diesel fueled 1,500 horsepower (1,100 kW) Daimler Benz V12 engine. This engine pack compared to its American counterpart produces more power, but only slightly so giving the KPz-70 an amazing 29.8 hp/t at 50 - 51.7 tons (depending on upgrade configuration).

A highly advantageous feature is the [[Hydropneumatic suspension|hydropneumatic suspension]] system which not only provides great cross country mobility, but allows the crew to position the vehicle in such a way to only expose the strongest armour at an enemy threat. The suspension can also be used to gain further gun depression by raising the rear of the tank and lowering the front thus allowing the gunner to engage from a position that he might not have been able to engage from previously.

The KPz-70 features the standard NATO track and block design that can be found on most NATO vehicles. The rubber track blocks provide great traction off road and on road compared to all metal tracks found on other fighting vehicles as sliding on a short halt or drifting is minimized.

Because of the elevated engine deck, gun depression is decreased significantly when firing or aiming the gun over the rear of the tank.

An unconventional feature at the time the KPz-70 was designed was the housing of all the crew members in the turret. Because of the autoloading system the need for a loader was eliminated and due to an attempt to further lower the tanks silhouette the driver was located to the turret with the gunner and commander. This can have potentially devastating consequences on the battlefield as the crew can easily be injured or incapacitated by penetrating munitions entering the crew compartment.

For defensive countermeasures the tank is equipped with quad four barrel externally mounted smoke canister launchers which can provide either a defensive screen for the tank or friendly forces. These launchers can be fired in pairs of two. Keep in mind the smoke grenade launchers are operated by the gunner so should he become incapacitated in a fight, the smokes will become unlaunchable until the gunner is either replaced by another crew member or the crew replenishment consumable restores them.

Due to its low profile and effective array of camouflage options the KPz-70 scores high marks in the concealability category. It has a total of 4 camouflage options available to it. The standard (a 3 tone NATO CARC camouflage), winter camouflage (requires 700 battles against other players in the tank), a brown camouflage for desert environments, and lastly an olive drab option. The addition of various foliage can further increase the ability to conceal the tank.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Spaced armour (Hull front, Turret front)
* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 34* mm (60-61°) ''Front glacis'' 76.2 mm (64°) ''Lower glacis'' || 23 mm (40°) ''Top'' 23-35 mm ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (12°) ''Top'' 13 mm (57°) ''Bottom'' 8 mm (12°) ''Engine exhaust'' || 20 mm ''Front'' 8-12.7 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Turret || 50-200 mm (0-75°) || 12.7-38* mm (29-34°) || 12.7* mm (27-80°) || 20-50 mm ''Front'' 12.7 mm ''Rear turret''
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 25 mm || 25 mm
|-
! Spaced armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 200 mm ''Kinetic'' 170 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
| Turret || 320 mm ''Kinetic'' 280 mm ''Chemical'' || '''38 mm sections:''' 320 mm ''Kinetic'' 280 mm ''Chemical'' '''12.7 mm sections:''' 35 mm ''Kinetic'' 40 mm ''Chemical'' || 35 mm ''Kinetic'' 40 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 16 mm thick.
* Gun mantlet ring around the gun barrel is 305 mm thick.
* A 16 mm RHA plate separates the engine from the crew compartment
* Hull spaced armour configuration is 34 mm RHA + 127 mm air + 46 mm RHA.
* Turret spaced armour configuration is 38 mm RHA + 127 mm air + 130-33 mm RHA.
* Turret rear spaced armour configuration is 13 mm RHA + 38 mm air + 19 mm RHA.

The main weakness of the KPz-70 to take advantage of as an opposing player is the weak armour when compared to other tanks of its rank. If the KPz-70 can be baited to come towards a position, it becomes much easier to fight. Avoid springing a well-placed KPz-70 ambush if at all possible or try to sneak around him to flank and attack his weakest armour. A well placed shot through the side of the turret is generally a ensured destruction as all of the crew is located in the turret along with an ammunition store with rounds being located under the turret basket.

With the proper position or speed, try getting around the KPz-70 and engaging him from where it does not expect. It's important to remember the KPz-70 has the ability to quickly snap the turret around and engage any enemy, so surprising the tank is of the up-most central importance to come out victorious.

Another weakness that can be exploited is its speed. Because of its speed unskilled players or players unfamiliar with its play style will often rush into situations they are not equipped to fight properly and find themselves overwhelmed, allowing a prepared defense to eliminate them.

One last weak spot worth mentioning is the turret ring. High penetrating munitions can completely pierce this section and travel into the crew compartment. SABOT rounds are especially effective at this.

Do not try to out-shoot the KPz-70 as it has a very rapid reload that in most cases will ensure that unless the tank's ability to fire is disabled, it will recover and continue to fire to disable or destroy its offender.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 51.7 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 71 (AB)
|-
|64 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|2,325
|2,862
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|1,327
|1,500
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|44.97
|56.12
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|25.67
|29.01
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|XM150E5 (152 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[XM150E5 (152 mm)|152 mm XM150E5]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 48 || -10°/+20° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 21.4 || 47.4 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 21.4 || 25.2 || __.__ || 33.8 || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 10.0 || 10.0 || 10.0 || 10.0
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| XM578E1 || APFSDS || 380 || 370 || 360 || 345 || 330 || 315
|-
| M409A1 || HEAT || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380 || 380
|-
| MGM-51C || ATGM || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431 || 431
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| XM578E1 || APFSDS || 1,500 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ° || 76° || 77° || 78°
|-
| M409A1 || HEAT || 754 || 19 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 3,730 || +0° || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| MGM-51C || ATGM || 323 || 28 || 0.0 || 0.01 || 4,720 || +0° || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| XM410E1 || 754 || 19 || 25 || 5 || 30 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_KPz-70.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the KPz-70.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''48''' || 44 ''(+4)'' || 33 ''(+15)'' || 25 ''(+23)'' || 13 ''(+35)'' || 1 ''(+47)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

2nd rack empty: 33 ''(+15)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Rh202 (20 mm)|MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Rh202 (20 mm)|20 mm Rh202]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 750 (750) || 900 || -9°/+65° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MG 3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm MG 3A1]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 6,000 (1,000) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

The tank plays very much like the [[Leopard_A1A1|Leopard 1A1A1]]. Players familiar with the Leopard play style will easily adapt to the KPz-70. It has reasonable mobility, especially with full upgrades and aced crew, allowing it to maneuver into spots not typically accessible by less mobile tanks. Utilize this to an advantage to set up ambushes as this is how the KPz-70 will get the best of many opponents. It's important to recognize when an engagement is not beneficial so that the tank may get a better position or escape from the threat.

Despite the initial appearance of strong frontal armour, it's important to remember when compared to its counterparts at its rank, it is not nearly enough to defeat threats head on such as the [[T-64A_(1971)|T-64A]]. Even ATGM from missile vehicles such as the [[RakJPz_2_(HOT)|Raketenjagdpanzer 2 HOT]] will penetrate the turret and upper glacis plate. Even other Rank V tanks can and will penetrate from the front. Because of the rather condensed placement of crew and ammunition, the KPz-70 will most likely be destroyed. Because of this, it is critical that the KPz-70 gets the first shot off in an engagement and ensure it is either eliminated or crippled to such a capacity they either cannot engage or will instinctively panic and try to run to repair or determine the engagement location.

The gun is especially versatile and powerful with a wide range of ammunition selection, but generally the cannon launched ATGM's and sabot rounds will get the job done in most situations. The 20 mm turret roof mounted cannon is great for taking out lightly armoured targets (to include some tanks, ATGM vehicles, etc), anti-air, and aircraft.

Essentially, if this tank is treated like a Leopard, the survivability rate will increase dramatically. The hydropneumatic suspension allows the tank to position in such ways that it can engage from non conventional spots while exposing only the strongest armour towards the threat. The low silhouette makes the tank especially difficult to hit at longer ranges and this can be further enhanced (situation dependent) by the adjustable suspension. Because of the accurate cannon, it will also find be easy to engage at longer ranges which will maximize the KPz-70's strengths while reducing the targets.

In summary the KPz-70 is a great addition to any end game lineup as it provides great flexibility in almost all engagements and is well worth the time and investment to acquire.

===Tactics===
Ambushing is the tank's strength. As covered previously, utilize the speed to get into firing positions quickly and cause chaos and confusion among the enemy.

The KPz-70 can also quickly capture objective points and when used properly hold positions so long as it does not stay in any one place to long.

Scoot and shoot tactics will benefit the KPz-70 play style as well as terrain masking techniques.

Should the tank have to fight in closer engagement ranges or in close quarters, it's critical to always remember the armour will not protect the tank reliably. However, the speed, fast rotating turret, and maneuverability will. Provided the player utilizes these to their advantage, the KPz-70 will be able to control the fight. Recognize when the enemy are baiting the tank into an ambush and avoid them as the KPz-70 doesn't stand a great chance of conducting a counter ambush due to the weak armour.

If the KPz-70 does find itself a victim of an ambush, launch a smokescreen, escape, and reassess for a counter-ambush.

The KPz-70 benefits greatly from squad play. A skilled lone KPz-70 is most certainly a threat on the battlefield but 2 or even 3 KPz-70's working in conjunction with each other in a squad is an extreme danger to the opposing team as the use of squad tactics in combination with the great strengths of the tank can almost completely control the momentum of the conflict.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great mobility, although out-stripped by some vehicles that utilize turbine engines
* Extremely fast in both forwards and reverse
* Great gun, with access to various types of ammunition, ATGMs included
* 20mm auto cannon anti-aircraft gun mounted on the top of the tank
* Low profile for visibility
* Hydropneumatic suspension
* Has a autoloader
* The fuel tanks in the hull can absorb HEAT-FS shells

'''Cons:'''

* Unimpressive frontal plate armor.
* One of the longest reloads of all the Rank VI MBTs at 10 seconds.
* Vulnerable to the rear, if hydropneumatic suspension are not used.
* Optics can cause ATGMs to detonate and explode downwards into crew compartment.
* Very easy to one shot because of 3 crew cramped in the turret

== History ==
Been threat by Soviet T64 tank, Germany and the US joint together and developed a new main battle tank in the mid 1960s. That's the MBT/KPz-70 project. The new main battle tank would use the most advanced technology including hydropneumatic suspension, 152mm gun/launcher capable firing tank shell and ATGM, autoloading system, spaced armor, 1500 horsepower diesel engine and remote controlled weapon station. Even everything looks perfect on paper, but in reality it caused many problems. The autoloading system could load Shillelagh missile quite easily, but it would jam the tank shell. The housing of driver in a rotating cupola inside the turret would cause unanticipated problem to the driver. The caseless ammunition would also become unusable if the humidity is high.

With such design problems and over budget, MBT/KPz-70 project is officially cancelled in 1971. Even we never saw any MBT/KPz-70 enter service, but many of its design and technology had been passed on to it's predecessor: M1 Abrams and Keiler, which later became the Leopard 2.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
[https://warthunder.com/en/news/4923-gamescom-kpz-70-mbt-70-a-warrior-of-two-armies-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> KPz-70 & MBT-70 - A Warrior of Two Armies]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany medium tanks}}

VT1-2

2019-11-02T22:28:24Z

U37697836: /* Mobility */ filled the table of Mobility characteristic and re-edit the intro

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_vt_1_2
|market=VT1-2 (Germany)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]] as a reward for the Operation Shipyard event.

The VT1-2 was the outcome of a project envisioned to create a successor for the Leopard 1. Its main focus was on the importance of firepower and speed, hence the dual [[Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)]] cannons and non-existent armour. However the VT1-2 is still a very effective tank at its battle rating, with the left cannon possessing an auto-loader the VT1-2 can shoot 3 shells in 5 seconds. Not to mention the type of shells the VT1-2 possess, in this case the DM12 HEAT-FS which has 650 mm of penetration. The VT1-2 also has one of the fast hull traverse rates and can reach the speeds of 70 km/h in a matter of seconds.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The VT1-2 has essentially no armour. With only 50 mm at the front, most incoming fire at its battle rating will result in the tank being potentially rendered useless or destroyed. Also the survivability of the crew is non-existent as all 3 crewmen are neatly lined up in a row, 1 nicely lined up shell would be enough to knock the crew out.

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|80 mm ''Front glacis''
110 mm ''Lower glacis''
|50 mm ''Front''
30 mm ''Rear''
|30 mm
|30 mm ''Front''

20 mm ''Rear''
|}

[[File:VT1-2 12.7 mm incapacitation.png|right|thumb|400px]]
'''Note:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* 10 mm structural steel located behind ammunition racks.
* 10 mm structural steel located on the right side of the auto-loader rack.
* [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm machine guns]] can penetrate the the side armour at a specific point and possible kill the driver and gunner.

=== Mobility ===

The VT1-2 has the ability to climb to speeds of 70 km/h in a matter of seconds, with the help of 8 reverse gears, the reversing top speed is also 70 km/h.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! Add-on armour weight (tons)
! Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 43.5 || rowspan="2" | N/A
| 76 (AB)
|-
| 70 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! Mode !! Stock !! Upgraded
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 2782 || 3383
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || 1946 || 2,200
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! Mode !! Stock !! Upgraded
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 63.95 || 77.77
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || 44.74 || 50.57
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Dual [[Rheinmetall L44 (120 mm)|120 mm Rheinmetall L44]]
|-
! colspan="3" | Capacity
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
! Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 18 || -10°/+15° || N/A || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="5" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Part
! Stock
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
|Left barrel Right barrel || 5.00 7.80 || 5.00 __.__ || 5.00 __.__ || 5.00 __.__
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 650 || 650 || 650 || 650 || 650 || 650
|-
| DM13 || APFSDS || 393 || 390 || 384 || 376 || 367 || 359
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 410 || 408 || 401 || 393 || 384 || 376
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! rowspan="2" | Normalisation at 30° from horizontal
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 1,140 || 13.5 || N/A || 0.1 || 1640 || +0.0° || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
| DM13 || APFSDS || 1,650 || 4.436 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 1,640 || 4.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''30''' || 6 ''(+12)'' || 12 || 12 || No
|}
'''Note:'''

* The first ammo rack is for the auto-loader
* The first rack will replenished with the 2nd ammo rack's ammunition

==== [[Optics]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics
|-
!
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| X8.0 || X16.1
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The VT1-2 excels when it comes to acceleration, high speed and low profile. This provides the opportunity to move into sniping positions early in the game or even capture midpoints. The tank is easily destroyed and should be played as if it was a glass cannon, i.e. you stay behind cover/concealment and scan the area using binoculars and/or the third-person view and then only moving into firing position when the coast is clear.

'''Engaging the enemy'''

Since the left barrel reloads at a constant 5 second rate and the right barrel in around 7 seconds, you can fire 3 shots within 5 seconds (left, right, left again) in the first engagement which lets you easily correct any error in distance estimation and/or finish off immobilized tanks. Using a custom sight from live.warthunder.com (such as [https://live.warthunder.com/post/861278/en/ this sight] by ''shangxiang'') is recommended in order to be able to quickly fire the second barrel without having to switch between armaments.

'''Things to be aware of'''

Be aware of guided missiles from helicopters on open maps. If you see helicopters, you might need to change plans and hide. Furthermore, if you have sniped 2+ enemies, the revenge plane is a common sight and you are an easy target for them unless you change position and move into a forest or populated area. In addition, the VT1-2 is often described as a "glass cannon", meaning that you must be wary of your surroundings as anything from an anti-air autocannon to any tank round poses a real threat to you, not to mention that your crew is seated in between your guns. This area is very lightly armoured just like the sides, so close range engagements with your sides exposed is not recommended.

=== Modules ===
'''Recommended research path:'''

Parts > FPE > Adjustment of Fire (absolutely necessary for sniping) > Brake System (in order to be able to react and aim) > Filters | Elevation Mechanism > DM23 | Laser rangefinder

{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| DM13
|
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| DM23
| Laser rangefinder
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Incredibly good mobility on and off road, courtesy of its extremely powerful engine
* Twin 120 mm cannons are unrivalled at its rank:
** HEAT-FS and APFSDS can penetrate almost any tank it encounters
** Able to shoot 3 times within 5 seconds
** One cannon is equipped with an autoloader
* Very quick hull traverse
* Due to the gun layout, the {{PAGENAME}} can position itself to fire one cannon while the other is behind cover

'''Cons:'''

* Thin, mild steel armour cannot resist anything resembling anti-tank fire
* 3 crew members are grouped together in the front of the tank, poor survivability
* Cannons cannot traverse horizontally, hull aiming mechanic must be used for precise fire
* Very difficult to fire on the move
* No machine guns for fending off aircraft, highly vulnerable to air attack
* No access to smoke grenades/shells/systems
* Due to hull aiming, the hull tends to roll back or forward depending on terrain
* When loading ammo on a capture point, the left ammo rack is fully loaded first, then the right ammo rack.

== History ==


The project for an experimental turretless tank was started for development in Germany in the early 70’s as part of the replacement program for the Leopard 1. The unusual layout of the “casemate” tank type had several advantages: the possibility of installing two cannons at once, increased protection due to low silhouette and enhanced protection in the hull front profile and also increased mobility due to a reduced weight compared to traditional tanks. As part of this innovative project, two vehicles were built under the general name of Versuchsträger (German: experimental platform). The first VT1-1 prototype was placed on a shortened chassis and was equipped with two 105mm rifled cannons with manual loading.

On the second VT1-2, two 120 mm calibre smoothbore cannons were used - the left cannon mounted with an automatic loader mechanism. Both of these prototypes used a number of parts and assemblies from the European “long-term production” experimental [[KPz-70]]. Since both vehicles were intended exclusively for the testing and development of new battle tactics, they were made from structural non-armour steel. Tests carried out by several NATO block countries, but they all left the project one by one and in 1985, Germany itself refused further development in favour of developing the Leopard 2 which was created according to a classic tank scheme.

-From: [[wt:en/news/6400-operation-shipyard-vt1-2-doppelrohr-kasemattpanzer-en|Devblog - Operation "Shipyard": VT1-2 - Doppelrohr-Kasemattpanzer]]

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|o_425jH2a48|Review of the VT1-2}}

== See also ==


* ''User Created Gunsight Options:'' https://live.warthunder.com/post/861278/en/

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank destroyers}}