War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

AMX-32

2022-09-22T15:24:19Z

U37468494: Edited grammar in history section, corrected spelling on 'developing'.

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_amx_32
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]]. An improved version of the AMX-30, it gets an upgraded gun, an upgraded engine, and spaced armour giving additional protection and advantages on the battlefield. There were several versions of the AMX-32 developed. This version represents the 1981 120 mm armed version with the retrofit of thermal imagery equipment which was proposed in 1985.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The AMX-32 is protected by spaced armour on the lower glacis (50 mm RHA, 100 mm air, 79 mm RHA) and the mantlet (25 mm RHA, 140 mm air, 35 mm RHA), respectively. An improved version of the AMX-30, the tank was built for mobility, not armour. The spaced armour will prevent some spalling of HEAT shells and will nullify any HESH shells. The upper glacis plate is sloped at 81 degrees, meaning almost all incoming rounds will ricochet, often into the turret and damaging the breech and even the turret crew. Overall, in terms of armour, the AMX-32 has enough armour to absorb at most 2-4 shots before being knocked out. The spaced armour is useful in countering HESH and some HEAT shells, but its armour should never be relied on or overestimated.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret, cupola) - abbreviated as RHA

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 35 mm (81°) ''Upper glacis'' 35 mm (36-66°) ''Driver viewport'' 79 mm (81°) + 50 mm ''Lower glacis - Top'' 79 mm (81°) + 50 mm (36°) ''Lower glacis - Bottom'' 25 mm (79°) ''Belly glacis'' 57 mm (35°) ''Hull over tracks'' || 5 mm (35°) + 30 mm ''Top - Front'' 57 mm (35°) ''Top - Hull widening'' 35 mm (35°) ''Top - Centre'' 30 mm ''Top - Rear'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' 25 mm (70°) ''Belly'' || 30 mm (15°) ''Upper plate'' 30 mm ''Hull over the tracks'' 30 mm ''Lower plate'' 25 mm (71°) ''Belly'' || 35 mm (9°) ''Front glacis'' 15 mm ''Rear'' 5 mm ''Radiator vents''
|-
| Turret || 35+50 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret front'' 50 mm + 35+25 mm (19°) ''Gun mantlet'' 50 mm + 25 mm (19°) ''MG port'' 15 mm + 35+50 mm (cylindrical) ''Optics port - right side''|| 35+35 mm (18°) ''Gun mantlet - Gunner side'' 15-25 mm (18°) ''Gun mantlet - Optics side'' 50 mm (17°) ''Turret - Front'' 41.5 mm (17-18°) ''Turret - Centre'' 25 mm (18°) ''Turret - Rear'' || 30 mm 40 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret ring'' || 35 mm (9°) ''Gun mantlet'' 20 mm (8°) ''Front'' 20 mm ''Centre'' 15 mm (8°) ''Rear''
|-
| Cupola || 35 mm (cylindrical) || 35 mm (cylindrical) ''Base'' 30 mm (cylindrical) ''Viewports'' || 35 mm (cylindrical) || 35 mm ''Outer ring'' 20 mm ''Centre''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* The suspension wheels and the tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 25 mm thick.
* Spaced armour is located on the turret front and the front lower glacis:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Spaced armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides
|-
| Hull || '''Lower glacis:''' 50 mm (81°) ''RHA'' 100 mm ''Air'' 79 mm (81°) ''RHA'' || N/A
|-
| Turret || '''Gun mantlet/Turret front:''' 25 mm (19°) ''RHA'' 140 mm ''Air'' 35 mm (19°) ''RHA'' || '''Gun mantlet - Gunner side:''' 35 mm (18°) ''RHA'' 50 mm ''Air'' 35 mm (18°) ''RHA''
|-
|}

* The values in the table above are not to be added to the armour values present in the first table as they only describe the layout of spaced armour.
* The spaced armour does not cover the MG port.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,240|rbMinHp=708}}

The AMX-32 is powered by a Hispano-Suiza HS-110-2-SR engine rated at 800hp @ 2500RPM, with a transmission providing seven forward gears and two reverse gears, similar to the transmission from the AMX-30. Like the AMX-30, the AMX-32's top speed is 65 km/h (40 mph) forward, but the AMX-32 goes 3.9 km/h (2.4 mph) faster in reverse thanks to its upgraded engine. The AMX-32 was designed with mobility in mind, and it does just that. It is slower than the AMX-40, but still holds its ground against more sluggish tanks, especially British and Soviet vehicles at its BR. However, it should not be overestimated, as tanks such as the KPz-70 will outmatch your mobility anywhere. In an uptier, even more if not all tanks will outperform you in terms of mobility.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|GIAT CN120-25 G1 (120 mm)}}

The AMX-32 is armed with the GIAT CN120-25 G1, the same 120 mm smoothbore gun found on the AMX-40. It also shares the same ammunition. The stock OCC 120 G1 is a HEAT warhead capable of penetrating 480 mm of non-angled RHA at any distance. At modification tier 4, the option to research the OFL 120 G1 becomes available. It is an APFSDS shell with 394 mm of penetration, giving plenty of kinetic power for its BR. The HEAT shell also holds its ground, and nearly always knocks out any vehicles that is vulnerable to overpressure, but be wary of your battle rating, as, at its BR, up-tiers facing the top dogs are imminent. All tanks at that battle rating have excellent chemical protection, so side and gun breech shots may be your only option. The CN-120 is a great weapon for its BR, and its APFSDS can penetrate any tank in the game frontally if you have enough knowledge of weak spots and armour layout.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[GIAT CN120-25 G1 (120 mm)|120 mm GIAT CN120-25 G1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 23.8 || 32.9 || 40.0 || 44.2 || 47.1 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.9 || 17.5 || 21.3 || 23.5 || 25.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OCC 120 G1 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| OFL 120 G1 || APFSDS || 394 || 393 || 388 || 382 || 376 || 370
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OCC 120 G1 || HEATFS || 1,050 || 14.3 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,150 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OFL 120 G1 || APFSDS || 1,650 || 3.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || 18 ''(+20)'' || 1 ''(+37)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Recommended ammo load is 18 ''(+20)'' shells. This will leave the hull rack empty and the ready rack filled.
* Rack 2 is a ready rack, and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle. It is also emptied first.
* Full reload speed will be realized as long as ammo exists in the ready rack. If the ready rack is empty, a penalty to reload speed will occur.
* Simply not firing when the main gun is loaded will load ammo from rack 1 into rack 2 as long as there is ammo in rack 1. Firing the main gun will interrupt the reloading of the ready rack.

The CN120-25 G1 cannon fires single-piece ammunition from two stowages, the first order rack found in the rear of the turret, and the rack located in the hull front to the right of the driver. It takes the loader about 13 seconds to restock a round into the ready rack from the hull rack.



=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|20F2 (20 mm)|A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)}}

The 20F2 (French designation of M693) automatic cannon is mounted in tandem with the CN-120 in the turret mantlet. Players who have played the AMX-30 (1972) in Rank V will already know the capabilities of this weapon. Similarly to the [[Rh202 (20 mm)|Rh202]] cannon found on the MBT/KPz-70, it excels at quickly taking out not only light tanks and SPAA, but also cannon barrels, a vital ability that gives the AMX-32 the upper hand in one-on-one combat. If the enemy tank fires at you and hits or misses, you are able to overextend, destroy the cannon barrel with the 20 mm, and safely engage the tank with your 120 mm. Lightly armoured tanks, IFVs, and anti-aircraft vehicles will be quickly taken care of by the 20F2.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[20F2 (20 mm)|20 mm 20F2]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 500 (500) || 740 || 0°/+20° || N/A
|-
|}

The 7.62 mm AAN-F1 machine gun is mounted on the commander's fully traversable hatch. It is helpful in engaging helicopters which are too high for the 20 mm cannon's elevation limits. It is overshadowed by the 20F2, but is useful nonetheless, especially for taking out those pesky Balloons on the Normandy tank map.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm A-A-F1N]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,200 (100) || 900 || -10°/+40° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The AMX-32 plays similarly to the AMX-30 in battles. It can be played effectively in ambushes, as a sniper (with its rangefinder and thermal optics), and use cover to the utmost advantage. With the gun stabilizer, you are able to poke out of cover, shoot, and retreat. This is especially useful when sniping, and using "leapfrog" tactics with a friendly vehicle. In the latter case, when the enemy shoots, move out of cover and take a shot, and if you want, use your 20 mm cannon to destroy their cannon barrel. Do not rely on your armour though, as most if not all shots WILL penetrate and make quick work of you. Players must make sure that they either make the enemy shoot and miss or get the first shot off on said enemy. This applies only in one-on-one combat if both the enemy and the AMX-32 see each other. If more than one tank is waiting for you, either retreat and make them come to you, try baiting or flanking, or get a friend to help. On the other hand, being able to shoot and then remove their main means of retaliating via the autocannon proves extremely useful, especially in an ambush. All in all, the AMX-32 is a very capable tank that can quickly return several enemies to the hangar without receiving major damage, if played right.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great firepower and secondary armament
* Excels with ambush tactics and can destroy tanks before they even know your position
* Good mobility and reverse speed
* The gun has a two-plane stabilizer, thermal optics, and a laser rangefinder

'''Cons:'''

* Lacklustre armour protection, especially against kinetic shells
* Longer reload than other tanks at its battle rating
* The tank's mobility can and will be outmatched, especially in an uptier

== History ==


As soon as the AMX-30B entered service in 1966, it was clear that it would not be able to face the newly introduced Soviet T-64 tank and, as a result, would need to be replaced or dramatically improved over the course of its serviceable life. Therefore, improvements had to be incorporated into the design to keep it competitive. Various development programs saw light at the end of the 1960s and all were ultimately meant to be incorporated into the AMX-30. These improvements had to improve the characteristics of the tank in the three main defining MBT traits: firepower, mobility, and armour, with the company GIAT being the project manager of all studies that were to be undertaken.

* The EFAB (Etablissement de la fabrique d'arme de Bourges/Weapon manufacturing facility of Bourges) were to improve the firepower of the tank.
* AMX-APX were to improve the armour of the tank.
* Hispano-Suiza and SESM (today RENK France) company were to improve the mobility of the tank.
* SFIM were to improve the optic/optronic suite of the tank.

In the meantime, AMX-APX started a private project whose goal was to develop a new tank based on the AMX-30 to replace it until a French 3rd generation tank would be available. This tank was named AMX-32 and its development started in 1975 with the first prototype being ready in 1977. The tank at this time featured a rebuilt AMX-30 hull with spaced high hardness RHA armour at the front of the hull as well as a new FCS control system named COTAC introduced 2 years earlier on the AMX-10RC coupled to a new electrohydraulic turret powering unit called ATS GS 32, a fully rotating stabilized panoramicsight with a 2nd generation light intensifier at the disposal of the commander called M527 designed by the SFIM, a semi automatic gearbox ENC200 minerva with torque converter, and a DI VT 13 2nd generation light intensifying camera. The new tank was also capable of firing on the move thanks to the M527 commander panoramic sights whose stabilized mirror gyroscopes were able to send inputs to the tank gun servos, thus stabilizing it on both axis when the commander used its priority controls over the turret.

AMX-APX tried to sell this new tank to the French Army but the price was found to be prohibitive for what was thought to be replaced in less than 10 years. Therefore, it was decided that the project should be solely dedicated to the export market. GIAT was not satisfied with the first version of the tank. If it had to attract foreign customers, this tank could not afford to be just a more expensive French Leopard 1A4 clone which already had a very good reputation and could be acquired for a fairly low price. It was decided that the AMX-32 had to become the best 2.5 generation MBT if it was to have a chance to be sold.

Therefore, GIAT ordered that new improvements had to be made, especially in the protection and firepower department, so they assigned the EFAB to the design of a larger, better protected turret capable of housing the soon to become CN120-25 L/52 120 mm smoothbore cannon originally intended for the EPC program (Engin Principal de Combat/Main Combat Vehicle program eventually resulting in the AMX Leclerc). In less than 2 years the turret was ready as well as a new turret for the more basic 105 mm gun. These two turrets had similar layouts and protection levels, only the gun mantlet as well as the position of the night vision device were different, and were both showcased at SATORY 1981. The 120 mm version was also proposed with a boosted HS 110-2-SR developing 800 HP in order to keep the HP/ton ratio around 20. The two versions of the tank attracted a lot of interest but ultimately, no orders were ever placed. Despite probably being the best modernized second generation tank of its time, the niche market of modernized 2nd generation MBTs was simply too tight for this tank to fit with modernized Leopard 1's and M60's monopolizing said market. GIAT tried once again with the AMX-40, this time being a completely new tank which was better protected and much more mobile, rivaling M1's and Leopard 2's in mobility and firepower. However, it encountered no more success than the AMX-32. The AMX-32 was proposed for the last time on the export market in 1985 before being replaced by the AMX-40 until 1990.

Despite the tank failing to attract customers, a lot of what was put into it was used to modernize the AMX-30, which would become the AMX-30B2, as well as in the EPC program, most notably in the FCS department.

Retrospectively, the French Army made a mistake by not buying this tank at all, as well as the AMX-40. The EPC program came much later than expected, leaving them with totally obsolete tanks in the late 1980s, and it is possible that the refusal to adopt the tank domestically further harmed the little chance it had of appealing to foreign customers. That being said, this tank represents a real milestone in French tank development history.

=== [[wt:en/news/6601-development-amx-32-further-improvements-en|Devblog]] ===
Development of the AMX-32 began in 1975 as a private venture of AMX, in hopes of attracting the interest of foreign customers, which are already using the AMX-30. The new vehicle was intended to offer better protection than the base model, in addition to several other improvements in various areas in order to spark the interest of international customers.

The first prototype of the AMX-32, fitted with a 105 mm gun, was unveiled in 1979, followed soon after by the presentation of the second prototype in 1981, armed with a 120 mm cannon. However, despite the improvements offered over the base model, the AMX-32 attracted no interest from neither foreign customers nor from the French military, the latter of which more favored the notion of modernizing its existing fleet of AMX-30s, rather than procuring a new vehicle.

After only a handful of prototypes were built, further development was soon afterwards cancelled due to lacking interest. However, although the AMX-32 never became a success itself, many of the features that it incorporated and experiences gained during its construction were carried over the subsequent projects, such as the AMX-40 and modernization projects of its predecessor - the AMX-30.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_amx_32 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:AMX-32 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:AMX-32 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:AMX-32 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:AMX-32 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:AMX-32 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:AMX-32 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|wJkQW4kSJjM|'''French MBTs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:02 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|rgBE-namY8E|'''The Shooting Range #210''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:48 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|Ng0JyfV-504|'''{{PAGENAME}} - The Budget Baguette''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''|yp5L9E7WZ48|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Leopard 2K]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6601-development-amx-32-further-improvements-en|[Devblog] AMX-32: Further Improvements]]
* [[wikipedia:AMX-32|[Wikipedia] AMX-32]]

{{TankManufacturer AMX}}
{{France medium tanks}}

F-5C

2022-06-20T02:26:28Z

U37468494: /* History */

{{About
| about = American jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = F-5 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-5c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|StoreImage F-5C 001.jpg|StoreImage F-5C 002.jpg|StoreImage F-5C 003.jpg|StoreImage F-5C 004.jpg|StoreImage F-5C 005.jpg}}
|store=10174
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The F-5C is generally an all-round good fighter. It's not the fastest plane and not the most manoeuvrable, but the combination of its decent speed, acceleration, and manoeuvrability make it a joy to fly and fight in.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,429 || 1,421 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.1 || 28.2 || 112.7 || 99.2 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,460 || 1,443 || 26.9 || 27.0 || 159.1 || 133.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 926 || 560 || 555 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 680 || < 750 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J85-GE-13 || 2
| colspan="2" | 4,051 kg || colspan="3" | 366 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 37m fuel
|-
| 271 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 4,580 kg || 4,992 kg || 5,463 kg || 5,814 kg || 9,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 37m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 960 kgf || 1,426 kgf
| 0.62 || 0.57 || 0.52 || 0.49 || 0.32
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,200 kgf (1,400 km/h) || 2,459 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 1.07 || 0.99 || 0.90 || 0.85 || 0.55
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6.35 mm Steel - Below cockpit
* 6.35 mm Steel - Below engines
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (2 in fuselage)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M39A2 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 2 x 20 mm M39A2 cannons, nose-mounted (280 rpg = 560 total)
** 2 x 20 mm M39A2 cannons + 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)}}
{{main|AGM-12B Bullpup|AIM-9E Sidewinder|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP|BLU-1 incendiary}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles
* 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 18 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 5 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (3,750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 3 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 1 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bomb (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 6 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 3 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 3 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 1 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bomb (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 6 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bomb (750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 3 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bomb (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 4 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 3 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 3 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (2,250 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bomb (750 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bomb (500 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bomb (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 5 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs
* 2 x AIM-9E Sidewinder missiles + 3 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles

== Usage in battles ==


In air RB, the F-5C can be played as both a support and offensive plane. In medium range engagements, it plays well as a support fighter, either baiting enemies to use up missiles with the large amount of flares/chaff or launching missiles at enemies who are chasing friendly aircraft to give a chance to let your teammate get in a better position. In close range engagements, with some effort you can stay on the tail of the enemy, if possible making the enemy pull as many manoeuvres as possible to slow them down so you can get a short burst from the respectable 20 mm cannons mounted in the nose. Due to the plane's characteristics, overshooting an enemy won't be the end of a dogfight, the F-5C is able bleed enough speed in a quick turn to get right back on the enemy if they don't take advantage of the overshoot or if they are going too slow to be able to make any quick counterattack.

In mixed ground battles (RB), the F-5C is able to function as a light strike aircraft, while also being able to maintain air supremacy. The F-5C's versatile loadout of air-to-ground ordnance allows the player to choose what range they want to do air support, for example the 4 x AGM-12B loadout is great for medium range engagements against enemy ground units.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Small size makes for a harder target to hit
* Has countermeasures
* Guns are effective
* Good turn rate
* Wide variety of weapon loadouts

'''Cons:'''

* Only two fairly weak AIM-9Es air-to-air missiles
* No radar
* Below average top speed
* No CCIP or CCRP for guns, rockets, or bombs, limiting its ground attack potential

== History ==

In 1965, after the outbreak of the Vietnam War, the US government decided to send troops to South Vietnam to counter the threat of North Vietnamese forces. At that time, many tactical wings of USAF were sent to Thailand and South Vietnam for Operation Rolling Thunder, as well as to support the South Vietnam Army in countering the Viet Cong forces in the South Vietnam. In the meantime, many countries were reluctant to purchase the F-5, as it hadn't yet been adopted by the USAF. Thus, the USAF decided to let Colonel Frank Emory lead a special provisional squadron named 4503rd Tactical Fighter Squadron to take the new F-5 fighters into the Vietnam War, an excellent chance to prove that F-5 could do its job well in regional conflicts: this combat evaluation project was named "Skoshi Tiger".

[[File:Skoshi Tiger welcome banner AFHRA.png|left|thumb|343x343px|The welcome banner of F-5C Skoshi Tiger in Bien Hoa AFB, Vietnam.]]
To extend the combat capability of the Skoshi Tiger, Northrop made some modifications to the original F-5A Freedom Fighter, such as an external fixed refuelling probe on the left side of the forward fuselage that could receive fuel from a KC-135 tanker to extend the combat radius for some long-range missions. The total weight of the Skoshi Tiger's in-flight refuelling system was 85 pounds, but it could be removed if necessary. To improve the survivability of the Skoshi Tiger against enemy ground fire, two 1/4 inch-thick face-hardened steel armour plates were mounted externally on the fuselage, the function of the front plate was to protect the pilot and control mechanisms, and the aft plate protected vital hydraulic and control areas near the tail section, which added 236 pounds to the overall weight, there were five jettison-able pylons in total under the wings and fuselage like the original F-5A Freedom Fighter, other improvements such as better throttle linkage for improved afterburner modulation and the deletion of the rudder limiter were also implemented on the Skoshi Tiger.

The official name of "Skoshi Tiger" is F-5C. Five F-5A-15 and seven F-5A-20 originally destined to allied countries were withdrawn and sent to 4503rd Tactical Fighter Squadron after received those modifications. Some sources claim that USAF wanted 200 F-5 fighters which could be used in Vietnam War, in which the Skoshi Tiger program would be divided into three parts, and 4503rd Tactical Fighter Squadron was the first part who were sent to Bien Hoa AFB to attack the ground targets in South Vietnam.

On 23rd October 1965, Skoshi Tigers of 4503rd Tactical Fighter Squadron finally arrived at Bien Hoa AFB and started their combat evaluation missions. In their first combat evaluation mission on the same day, two Skoshi Tigers each carried four 500-pound bombs and 500 rounds of 20 mm ammunition to strike a Viet Cong concentration, they made five bomb runs and two strafing passes over the target, luckily these two F-5C Skoshi Tigers didn't encounter any anti-air fire in the combat zone at that time. The squadron worked as an independent combat unit until it was attached to the Bien Hoa AFB-based 3rd Tactical Fighter Wing which the latter was equipped with North American F-100D and F-100F Super Sabre fighter.

Through the end of December 1965, F-5C Skoshi Tigers usually flew their combat missions within 40 miles of their home base, and the only loss happened on 16th December 1965 due to the enemy's ground fire. By the end of the month, Skoshi Tigers had flown 1,531 sorties and finished 496 missions in total, they spent 3,110,886 pounds of ordnance against Viet Cong targets and claimed to destroy 1,377 structures with another 1,292 damaged in their Phase I combat evaluation test missions.

After that, 4503rd Tactical Fighter Squadron moved to Da Nang Forward Base for their Phase II combat evaluation test missions, which would test if F-5C Skoshi Tigers could survive in combat zones with heavy anti-air defense in North Vietnam, also providing a wonderful chance for Skoshi Tigers to prove their air combat capability by destroying any North Vietnamese aircraft in the air. However, because the combat operations near North Vietnam were forbidden by the order of the president, Skoshi Tigers lost their chance against the enemy's MiG fighters, so they changed their targets to Viet Cong troops in Laos, and air-refuelling were needed for these combat missions in Laos. From the start of the Phase II combat evaluation on 3rd January 1966 to their end on the 30th, Skoshi Tigers flew almost 400 sorties and successfully destroyed six bridges.

The Phase III combat evaluation tests started on 2nd February 1966 when the Skoshi Tigers returned to Bien Hoa AFB, and their primary mission was to support the third Army Corps. During these days (the duration of the Phase III combat test, depending on different source was 10 to 21 days), Skoshi Tigers made 348 combat sorties, the combat load carried by the Skoshi Tigers during this phase averaged 2,603 lbs per sortie.

Though the original plan was scheduled that the Skoshi Tiger program would be ended after the end of Phase III combat missions, 4503rd Tactical Fighter Squadron returned to Da Nang AFB on 20th February 1966 again because USAF still wanted to find chances to test the true survivability of F-5C fighters in combat zones with heavy anti-air defense in North Vietnam, also they wanted a chance to prove that F-5C fighters could counter any Communist MiG fighters, so the original Skoshi Tiger program was extended to Phase IV at that time. During the first week, because of bad weather conditions, F-5C fighters were driven away from Laos, but since the weather got better on 1st March 1966, they obtained permission to conduct their combat test missions on the borders of North Vietnam and South Vietnam for the first time. The Skoshi Tigers not only did ground attack role but some of them also carried two AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles to perform air escort missions for allied aircraft, they logged 176 combat sorties on 45 missions over North Vietnam and Laos area, also they spent 5,923 rounds of 20 mm ammunition and 543 M117 750 lb bombs during these combat missions until 10th March 1966.

On 8th March 1966, the Skoshi Tiger program was finally ended, but another squadron called 10th Fighter Commando Squadron was established at Bien Hoa AFB soon after (some sources suggest that they just changed their name from the original 4503rd Tactical Fighter Squadron to the new 10th Fighter Commando Squadron). Seven additional F-5 fighters without air-refuelling equipment were assigned to the new squadron which increased the total amount of aircraft to 18. Some sources say that 10th Fighter Commando Squadron was assigned to 3rd Tactical Fighter Wing of USAF at Bien Hoa AFB until 17th April 1967 and their aircraft and equipment were transferred to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force, but another source claimed that the reason that these F-5 fighters removed their air-refuelling equipment was because the Republic of Vietnam Air Force lacked tankers at that time, also Americans didn't want them to invade the North Vietnam area without a permit, which means it was assigned to Republic of Vietnam Air Force at that time. At that time, Skoshi Tiger's name was retained by the pilots of the 10th Fighter Commando Squadron, also some pilots decided to paint tiger stripes on their flight helmet.

Since the new 57 mm anti-air gun had been introduced into the North Vietnam Army by the end of 1966, the NVA finally found their approach to fight against the F-5C Skoshi Tiger formations at medium to high altitudes. From 8th March 1967 to 17th April 1967, the 10th Fighter Commando Squadron conducted 7,321 combat sorties, and 7,537 hours had been flown, including close air support and against missions enemy supply routes. A large amount of munitions had been expended by Skoshi Tigers for these combat missions, including 9,777 napalm canisters, 875 CBU bombs, and 778,566 20 mm rounds, and eight aircraft had been lost, including six aircraft due to ground fire and two aircraft due to engine failure. Seventeen aircraft had received battle damage.

In October 1966, the 10th Fighter Commando Squadron received a new mission at Bien Hoa AFB: to train new Republic of Vietnam Air Force pilots to fly the F-5 fighters for combat missions, and maintenance personnel of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force were trained to maintain the F-5 fighters. At last, twelve remaining F-5A and F-5C fighters were turned over to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force at Bien Hoa AFB on 17th April 1967 from the deactivation of the USAF squadron.

[[File:F-5 fighter jet of NVA.png|thumb|356x356px|F-5 fighter in NVA service]]
Like their American ally, the Republic of Vietnam Air Force also used their F-5 fighters in close air support and supply route missions in the South Vietnam area, which helped the Republic of Vietnam Army a lot in many campaigns. From 1974 to 1975, the North Vietnam Army launched huge offensives from all directions into the Republic of Vietnam, which destroyed many Republic of Vietnam Army forces while occupying many of the Republic of Vietnam's territories, though in many cases, F-5 fighters, A-1 attackers, A-37 attackers and Armed helicopters successfully helped the allied army break the enemy's offensive or carry out retreat operations. However, as the North Vietnamese army gradually occupied the territories of South Vietnam, many Air Force bases were captured by the North Vietnamese army, and F-5 fighters that had not yet taken off or were damaged were captured by North Vietnamese army too. Because of the risk that the US government would send their Combat Forces back to Vietnam, the senior commander of North Vietnam Forces didn't want to use their MiG fighters during these invasion operations, therefore, some of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force pilots who surrendered before were ordered to re-fly their F-5 fighters to attack the positions of the South Vietnamese army, even one time a F-5 fighter dropped a bomb on the square of the presidential palace in Saigon.

As the Vietnam War was finally ended in 1975, the new Vietnam government decided to transfer some American military equipment, such as F-5 fighters, A-37 attackers, and UH-1 helicopters, to the Soviet Union and China in exchange for more support. In China, the captured F-5A Freedom Fighter sent by the Vietnam government was tested with their own J-6 fighter, and it was found that the air combat performance of F-5A fighter not only could completely match their own J-6 fighter, but it also had much better ground attack capability, apart from that, the manufacturing process, aerodynamic design, airborne equipment and other parts of the F-5A fighter also had left a deep impression on Chinese aircraft engineers.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f-5c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7166-development-top-gun-day-premium-f-5c-in-red-menace-camo-for-pre-order-en|[Devblog] Top Gun Day: Premium F-5C in Red Menace camo for pre-order!]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/519024-f-5a/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Northrop}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

ZTZ88A

2022-06-12T18:15:54Z

U37468494: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_ztz_88a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (88A式主战坦克, coded WZ122G) is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]].

An attempt of the PLAGF to modernize from the previous masses of [[ZTZ59 (Family)|ZTZ59]] medium tanks, the ZTZ88A offers a superior engine, slightly better hull protection thanks to a new hull, and better firepower with a long barrel 105 mm gun, making it a more mobile alternative to previous tanks while retaining decent armour and a powerful cannon. It can be considered a stepping stone between the [[T-69 II G]] and the more modern [[ZTZ96]], having a cast turret and armament resembling the former and a chassis similar to the latter.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

At first glance, the ZTZ88A still resembles a T-54 or its Chinese domestic counterpart, ZTZ59, but with a closer look at its hull, players will find that it is a new design. The UFP is more angled than the T-54's (67° vs 60°), so the base protection is slightly better than that of the T-54/T-62. Furthermore, thanks to the advancement in composite armour in China, it is also the first Chinese vehicle to be equipped with composite armour as an applique on UFP. Compared to similar hull armor seen on the Soviet [[T-55AM-1]] and [[T-62M-1]], the ZTZ88A has less chemical protection (around 380-420 mm) and 105 mm HEATFS may sometimes be able to damage the driver and fuel tanks towards the lower portion of the UFP. Angling the hull slightly can help mitigate this. Surprisingly, it has better kinetic protection than its Soviet contemporaries: the UFP can resist APFSDS rounds with less than around 180 mm of 60° penetration, so some US and Soviet offerings like 100 mm 3BM25, 105 mm M735, and even 125 mm 3BM15 are blocked. Unfortunately the ubiquitous 105 mm DM23/M111 round used by the [[Leopard A1A1]] for example will penetrate with few issues, but still, the ZTZ88A has one of the most protected hulls at its tier.

The side armor was reduced to 60 mm, so do be aware of any vehicles with autocannons - at the tier, most autocannons have APDS or APFSDS at their disposal. The side skirts can help somewhat at angles.

The turret, on the other hand, is poorly protected comparing to the hull. It is very similar to previous Soviet/Chinese dome-shaped turret designs with only slightly greater thickness. Unlike the [[ZTZ59D1]] and [[T-69 II G]], the ZTZ88A's turret does not have any ERA coverage, leaving it extremely vulnerable to stock HEAT-FS rounds as well as ATGMs, which are all commonly found at this tier. Thus the uncovered steel armour cannot provide much protection, if any, against ammunitions like APFSDS or HEATFS. Tanks that mainly use chemical rounds are especially more threatening, such as [[M551]] and [[BMP-1 (Family)|BMP-1]].

Like the previous Soviet/Chinese designs, the crew of 4 tankers is packed in a slightly bigger but still confined space. Although the ammo rack is protected by fuel tanks, the abundance of APFSDS or HEAT at the tier isn't really concerned about these improvements. Be very careful when moving on the battlefield, a penetrating shot will very likely result in a knockout of the crew or ammunition detonation.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 100 + 20 mm (67°) ''Upper'' 80 mm (52°) ''Lower''
| 60 mm ''Top'' 50 mm ''Bottom'' || 45 mm (3°) || 30 mm (89°)
|-
| Turret || 200-300 mm ''Turret front'' (Volumetric) 70-400 mm ''Gun mantlet'' (Volumetric) || 165-250 mm (Volumetric) || 60-100 mm (Volumetric) || 30 mm (87°)
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" | 80 mm (cylindrical) ||30 mm
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Composite armour !! Frontal effective protection !! Sides
|-
| Hull || '''Upper glacis:''' 280 mm ''Kinetic'' / 380 mm ''Chemical'' || N/A
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tracks and suspension wheels are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

Thanks to improvements during the early 1980s, the ZTZ88A is equipped with a NORINCO 12150ZL engine with 730 hp, the same as the succeeding [[ZTZ96]], and the chassis has a new suspension offering a smoother ride. The 10% increase in weight compared to the [[ZTZ59D1]] is more than compensated by the 40% increase in engine power. This gives the ZTZ88A a vast improvement in power-weight ratio to about 19.0 hp/ton and thus better a top speed at 57 km/h compared to its predecessors. Although it is not quite as fast as NATO counterparts at similar tier, it is certainly a very welcome improvement. For comparison, the [[Leopard A1A1]] has about 19.6 hp/ton, the [[T-62M-1]] has about 16.4 hp/ton, and the [[M60A1 RISE (P)]] only has 14.1 hp/ton. Thanks to the improved horsepower, the ZTZ88A has a considerably faster hull traverse comparing to older tanks like the ZTZ59D1, which is helpful to angle the hull quickly or to wiggle through tight spaces.

The reverse speed however is very much unchanged. Capped at a mere -7 km/h, the ZTZ88A will not be able to reverse out of a dangerous situation unlike more agile foes (eg. [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]], [[AMX-30 (Family)|AMX-30]], etc). This can be quite risky, meaning that the player must think carefully before peeking out of a cover/hill.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1131|rbMinHp=646}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|ZPL94 (105 mm)}}

The introduction of the Royal Ordnance 105 mm L7 cannon marked the transformation of PLAGF from Warsaw Pact armaments to Western ones. The ZPL94 mounted on the ZTZ88A has one of the longest barrels in the L7 family, giving it a higher muzzle velocity over its Western counterparts. In addition, the ZPL94 reloads more quickly than the [[ZTZ59D1]]'s Type 83 cannon by about 1 second. While it still doesn't reload quite as quickly as NATO tanks, the gap is significantly smaller.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ZPL94 (105 mm)|105 mm ZPL94]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 45 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 19.0 || 26.4 || 32.0 || 35.4 || 37.6 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Type-83 HEAT || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| DTB-1 || HE-VT* || 21 || 21 || 21 || 21 || 21 || 21
|-
| Type-83 HESH || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| Type-83 APDS || APFSDS || 351 || 349 || 343 || 336 || 328 || 321
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Type-83 HEAT || HEATFS || 1,200 || 11 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DTB-1 || HE-VT* || 825 || 16.2 || 0 || 0.1 || 1,660 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Type-83 HESH || HESH || 750 || 15 || 0.1 || 4 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| Type-83 APDS || APFSDS || 1,500 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

The ZTZ88A offers a range of shells at the player's disposal, and players who already own the [[T-69 II G]] will be very familiar with them as both tanks share the same shells.

The first option that comes stock is the Type 83 HEAT having identical performance to NATO's DM13 HEAT. At its tier, it is still sufficient to penetrate most tanks without ERA or composite armour and its explosive mass is enough to knock out lighter vehicles with overpressure on occasion. Some opponents to watch out for include the [[Sho't Kal Dalet (Great Britain)|Sho't Kal Dalet]], [[T-55AM-1]]/[[T-62M-1]], and [[M60A1 RISE (P)]].

The DTB-1 is very different from most HE shells at its tier - it is a VT shell, meaning that the shell detonates when it is close to other vehicles, including aircraft; this is a trait that the ZTZ88A's NATO counterparts don't have. It has 1.66 kg of explosive mass, which can sometimes knock out lighter vehicles like SPAAs, but its real utility lies in its anti-air potential. It is suggested to use to target aircraft or helicopters which happen to be within your elevation angle - a hit from DTB-1 is very lethal to aircraft.

The Type 83 HESH is another story. It is a common HESH found on NATO vehicles - a solid hit on vehicles can trigger a lethal post-penetration effect, but the results of HESH is mixed. It generates a wide cone of shrapnel but the effects tend to be rather shallow or inconsistent. It is still possible to snipe stationary vehicles hiding behind cover with Type 83 HESH in some cases so bring some if desired - the laser rangefinder will certainly help with this.

The last round available is Type 83 APDS, which is actually an APFSDS round. Thanks to the longer barrel of the ZPL94, the overall penetration is slightly higher than M111/DM23 APFSDS at 351 mm point-blank; this is the go-to shell for the ZTZ88A. It might not have the highest penetration at its tier, especially compared to the [[PTL02]] and [[PTZ89]], but it can still hit enemies hard. There are a few opponents to watch out for in uptiers: the British [[Chieftain Mk 10]] and [[Challenger Mk.2]]/[[Challenger Mk.3|Mk.3]] have tough turrets, and the Soviet [[T-72A]] (when spaded), [[T-72AV (TURMS-T)]], [[T-64B]], and [[T-72B]] have tough turret and UFP armor that the ZTZ88A cannot penetrate without aiming for weak spots.

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''45''' || 40 ''(+5)'' || 23 ''(+22)'' || 1 ''(+44)'' || No
|-
|}

Although there are 23 shells in the ready rack, only 19 of them are protected by the fuel tanks, not the 4 shells on the left side; so it is suggested to bring only 20 shells into battle (19 in the rack + 1 preloaded in the breech).

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}

The ZTZ88A still uses the same machine guns from the obsolete T-54s despite its introduction date in the early 1990s. The DShK is still sufficient to gun down strafing aircraft/helicopters or lighter vehicles but suffers from a small 50 round belt capacity, while the SGMT is only good for harassing enemies or sometimes targeting exposed crews.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 500 (50) || 600 || -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,500 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

For Soviet or Chinese players, the ZTZ88A would feel like a faster [[T-55A]] or [[ZTZ59D1]], which is indeed true thanks to its 730 hp engine, giving it higher mobility over them. It might not be the fastest tank at its tier, but the ZTZ88A can still follow the main forces with its speed. For those who are playing against the ZTZ88A, the tank looks very similar to T-55s but they may be surprised when they don't penetrate its UFP thanks to the applique armour. As discussed, it might not stop all contemporary APFSDS or HEATFS, but it certainly helps stop earlier shells and it can still surprise common tanks like the [[XM-1 (GM)]] that lack good angled penetration. The turret is another story however - although it is slightly thicker than the T-55s, it will not stop any well-placed shots at its tier. Overall, the ZTZ88A's additional hull armor reduces the likelihood of being destroyed in one shot, but it should not be considered a consistently well-protected tank for advancing straight into enemy fire or peeking out of a hull-down position.

The firepower of the ZTZ88A is certainly sufficient thanks to the longer barrel ZPL94 gun with a variety of shells, faster reload, and improved gun handling over previous PRC tanks; but like many Eastern Bloc/Chinese tanks, it doesn't quite have the reaction time of NATO counterparts and the gunsight is fixed at 8x magnification, so sniping with this gun may be a problem. It also lacks thermal sights from the gunner. Thus, good situational awareness is required.

The ZTZ88A is the earliest non-premium Chinese vehicle with access to the DTB-1 HE-VT round. Players who do not own the [[T-69 II G]] or [[WMA301]] may find it a nifty surprise, but there are some limitations to be aware of. It has a considerable explosive content for an anti-air shell but the muzzle velocity of 825 m/s is rather slow by Rank VI standards and it takes 500 m of travel distance to arm. The ZTZ88A also does not have very good vertical elevation angles. With these factors in mind, DTB-1 is best used against helicopters, particularly those that are hovering or moving in straight lines and not paying attention. The laser rangefinder helps immensely for vertical aim adjustment but it is up to the user to provide the proper lead against moving targets.

Overall, the ZTZ88A provides a more mobile and higher firepower alternative for the PLAGF compared to NATO or Soviet counterparts but still has some flaws. It is best used in a more aggressive midfielding role where its significantly better speed compared to the [[ZTZ59D1]], [[M60A3 TTS (China)|M60A3 TTS]], and [[PTZ89]] can be used to rush to objective points and overwatch positions, and its heavier armor and lower profile compared to the [[PTL02]] or [[WMA301]] allows it to survive attacks from IFVs, aircraft, and artillery more easily. DTB-1 gives it some ability to counter early-game helicopter rushes or ATGM helicopters later on. Assess the battlefield to determine if better sniping capabilities, bigger guns, or greater speed are needed on the next spawn. But as one of the most flexible options available in the Chinese lineup at this BR, there is rarely a poor time to bring out the ZTZ88A.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Satisfactory frontal arc protection for its tier, UFP can stop some APFSDS
* Long barrel L7 with a variety of shells at its disposal
* Improved reload and gun handling compared to the [[ZTZ59D1]]
* HE-VT shell offers basic anti-air capabilities, especially against helicopters
* Improved engine with a higher output than its predecessors, leading to better agility than [[ZTZ59D1]] and [[T-69 II G]]

'''Cons:'''

* Tightly packed crew and components
* Poor gun depression and fixed zoom gunsight
* Only has composite armour on the UFP, turret is completely unprotected
* No thermal sights, disadvantaged against thermal-equipped tanks like [[Type 74 (G)|Type 74G]]
* No ERA, turret is especially vulnerable to missiles and HEAT shells
* Slow reverse speed can be fatal in some scenarios

== History ==

After the Damansky/Zhenbao Island (珍宝岛) incident where the PLAGF [[T-62 545 (China)|captured a T-62]] from the Soviet border guards, they soon realized that the existing [[ZTZ59 (Family)|ZTZ59s]] and later WZ121 ([[ZTZ69 (Family)|ZTZ69]]) were nowhere near comparable with the masses of the latest Soviet MBTs. The Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (国防科学技术委员会, COSTIND) and Fifth Ministry of Machine Building (第五机械工业部;五机部) accelerated their project coded "Project 2-4" (二四会战; established on 1970/2/4) for a new MBT which would be known as Project 122 (122工程). The project was dropped a few years later after revisions on the development route but this trained new batches of tank designers and engineers for future projects.

Meanwhile, one of the "fail-safe" versions of the designs in Project 122, WZ1225 with the newly-imported 105 mm gun and improved engine, designed by Fang Weixian (方慰先, designer of later ZTZ85, 88, and 96) passed state evaluation and inherited the industrial code WZ122. The later revised design of WZ1225 would become the basis of the later domestically designed ZTZ80 (80式主战坦克) tanks.

The ZTZ88 series was a hybrid of the ZTZ85 (85式主战坦克) which was aimed for export with a redesigned hull and the turret from ZTZ80, aka ZTZ80-I. The ZTZ88A was the improved version with a ZPL94 105 mm gun. What was achieved in ZTZ85 and ZTZ88A would later be used in the new 2nd generation MBT of PLAGF - the [[ZTZ96]] (ZTZ88C). Although it wasn't seen among the tanks at the 1999 National Day parade like its predecessor ZTZ88B was, the ZTZ88A could be seen in pictures from PLA media and they were last seen in large scale during the ongoing Sino-Indo Border Conflicts where numbers of them were deployed near the LAC.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cn_ztz_88a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|M_EnuM2MoQ8|'''The Shooting Range #296''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Norinco}}
{{China medium tanks}}

Tiran 4S

2022-06-03T12:06:19Z

U37468494: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=il_tiran_4_sh
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]].

It is a captured [[T-54 (1951)]] from the 1967 and 1973 Arab-Israeli Wars. The Tiran 4S offers the major change of switching to the American M68 cannon which is shared by other Israeli tanks. Beside that, the changes are minimal: from the outside, an added jerry can and rear stowage boxes, and the commander-controlled machine gun being swapped to a 7.62 mm M1919A4.

It plays similarly to the Soviet [[T-54 (1951)]] and Chinese [[type 59]], and is therefore not vulnerable to the shot-traps of earlier models. However, the new gun grants unique gunplay options with options for APDS, HESH, HEAT and Smoke shells. It will offer a fresh experience compared to the Soviet and Chinese T-54s.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Being a near perfect copy of the [[T-54 (1951)]], the Tiran 4S offers very good protection. It is able to survive all solid shot rounds, but offers no protection against HEAT-based options, leaving it weak in that aspect, especially at its battle rating where this type of ammunition is the norm.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret, cupola)
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 100 mm (60°) ''Upper glacis'' 100 mm (63°) ''Lower glacis'' || 80 mm ''Top'' 20 mm + 20 mm (31°) ''Bottom'' || 45 mm (16°) ''Upper plate'' 30 mm (72°) ''Lower glacis'' || 100 mm (30°) ''Front glacis'' 30 mm ''Crew compartment'' 10-20 mm ''Engine compartment''
|-
| Turret || 200 mm (spherical) ''Turret front'' 100 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun mantlet'' || 160 mm (spherical) || 65 mm (spherical) || 30 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" | 100 mm (conical) || 40 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Tracks and suspension wheels are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.
* Jerry cans, storage boxes, and mudguards are 4 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=806|rbMinHp=460}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M68 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M68 (105 mm)|105 mm M68]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 34 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+17° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.5 || 13.2 || 16.0 || 17.7 || 18.8 || rowspan="2" | 11.05 || rowspan="2" | 9.78 || rowspan="2" | 9.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 5.9 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M392A2 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| M156 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M392A2 || APDS || 1,478 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| M156 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.1 || 4 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''34''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_tiran_4_sh Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|XINu5i-q3iA|'''The Shooting Range #303''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:26 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


* [[T-54/55 (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Israeli Ordnance Corps}}
{{Israel medium tanks}}

Ystervark

2021-11-02T02:59:52Z

U37468494: Added History section from devblog, which has also been cited at the end.

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_ystervark_spaa
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ground Breaking"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|GAI C01 (20 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[GAI C01 (20 mm)|20 mm GAI C01]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 600 (75) || rowspan="2" | 996 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+83° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''M594:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''M601:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
| M594 || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
| M601 || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo type
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
|-
| '''8''' '''600''' || ''Magazines'' ''Rounds'' || 7 ''(+1)'' 525 ''(+75)'' || 6 ''(+2)'' 450 ''(+150)'' || 5 ''(+3)'' 375 ''(+225)'' || 4 ''(+4)'' 300 ''(+300)''
|-
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
!
|-
| 3 ''(+5)'' 225 ''(+375)'' || 2 ''(+6)'' 150 ''(+450)'' || 1 ''(+7)'' 75 ''(+525)'' || 0 ''(+8)'' 0 ''(+600)'' || No
!
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Ammunition is divided into 8 magazines of 75 rounds.

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast 900+ rounds/min firerate allows it easily score hits with a burst on an aircraft's flight path
* Small profile makes it very easy to conceal itself
* High top speed of 90 km/h means great agility
* Lack of armour means conventional cannons will struggle to one-shot it if poorly aimed
* 75-round belt allows it to confidentally engage targets without worrying too much about reloading

'''Cons:'''

* The driving compartment can obstruct the autocannon's gun depression which might be sometimes fatal
* No armour protection, making it highly vulnerable to MG bullets, shrapnel, and even ramming from tanks and aircraft
* Is wheeled, meaning its mobility will be significantly worsened on bad road conditions
* Reverse speed of -13 km/h can be inadequate, especially when comparing to its counterpart [[R3 T20 FA-HS|R3 T20]]
* Gunsight is position far above the gun, which can be awkward to aim in simulator
* Complex appearance can make it hard to place bushes, decorators, and decals

== History ==

Up until the early 1980’s, the SADF anti-air regiments were reliant on towed equipment. However, as the military doctrine shifted towards mobile warfare, the need for a self-propelled anti-air gun unit became clear. As a result, South African engineers began working on a respective design, which had to be rugged enough to withstand the harsh South African terrain and threat of landmines, yet light enough to ensure a high level of mobility.

Building on the basis of a previous mine-resistant vehicle project, the engineers came up with a light SPAAG design, built on top of the Bulldog APC chassis between 1983 and 1984. Entering service almost immediately, the Ystervark was used to accompany South African mechanized battalions and to protect strategic assets, such as air bases in the southwest African region. Ystervarks were first employed operationally during Operation Thunder Chariot in 1984 - a division -scale exercise in South Africa during which the Ystervarks were first tested.

However, the Ystervarks didn’t have to wait long for their first combat deployment. Taking part in several operations in the ongoing South African Border War from 1986, Ystervarks were used to great success as deterrents to low-flying Angolan attack aircraft and helicopters, even downing several Angolan MiG’s in 1986 and 1987. After the conclusion of the Border War in 1989, the Ystervark was gradually being phased out of service in 1991 and replaced by the SAMIL 100 Kwêvoël mine-protected SPAAG armoured truck called the Bosvark. Officially, the Ystervark was withdrawn from active service in 1997 after more than 70 units were produced. [https://warthunder.com/en/news/7390-development-ystervark-the-little-truck-that-could-en]

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7390-development-ystervark-the-little-truck-that-could-en|[Devblog] Ystervark:The Little Truck That Could]]

{{Britain anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

User talk:U44629479

2021-10-13T17:17:34Z

U37468494: /* Type 59 copyright status */

= Talk page =
Hello Colok76286, it will be better for people to use this talk page to contact you and post questions/information as all posts here are immediately viewable and do not require a moderator to approve the message which is necessary on the User page. You can use your user page to annotate areas you are working on (such as the torpedoes) and maybe provide status updates on what you are specifically working on (it's up to you it is your space to work with). Also, using the talk page alerts you when you log back in that someone has left a new message for you, whereas this does not happen with the User Page. Good luck working with the torpedoes, they do need a little love and there is a lot of good information out there about them. -[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 12:21, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

= Award Request images =
Hello there!
First of all, thank you for all the edits you've been doing thus far on the Wiki.
I was looking through all the past edits in the last month, and noticed all the image work you and Jareel did. Given that many of the requested/missing award images are now up, do you still need the original award images?

Water multistrike--[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: Hello, I don't need the pictures I uploaded anymore. You can totally delete them. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)

=Tank mobility=
Hi! Thank you for your hard work but I basically made all the edits you've done obsolete. The wiki has a database with the tank weights, max speed, and spaded engine horsepowers(you can see them in the sidebar) so I made a template that taps into that and generated everything aside from stock engine power and addon armor weight. If you want to switch to the template then use <nowiki>{{tankMobility|abMinHp= number|rbMinHp= number|}}</nowiki>--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 16:24, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: That's even better. Thanks. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 21:07, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
::I don't think anyone has done any major errorchecking on the numbers. So if it's just 1 off like for max speed, I'd give it a pass as a rounding issue. If it's more than that send a message to the wiki admins. In the mean time you can overwrite the numbers with the parameters shown here [[Template:TankMobility]]--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 15:49, 9 February 2020 (UTC)
Wow, great job, congrats on finally managing to add the template to every single tank page! We really appreciate the work you've put in here! - [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 11:10, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

:There is something weird going on with the tank mobility tables, as they seem to only have stock engine power now and last field says "division by 0". You might want to take a look at this? --[[User:U42773747|U42773747]] ([[User talk:U42773747|talk]]) 06:25, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

= Forum profile =
Hello Colok76286,

Could you please send/give me a link to your war thunder forum profile.

Kindest Regards
Wiki Team
--[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 01:05, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

Please see your forum PM o7 --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 23:04, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

= Indexing =
Thanks for updating the information regarding the quotation/question mark issue. I did not realize the question marks caused problems with indexing, good to know, I learn something new every day! Thanks! --[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 21:19, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
: Yes, I tried searching for tables with missing values replaced by ?.??, ??.??, ??? or ???? but the Wiki search engine returned no results. On the other hand, when searching for missing values filled with _.__, __._, __.__, __. ___ or ____, the search results were correct. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 22:40, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

= List of images for deletion/modification =

== Files for deletion ==
Files deleted --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:50, 11 September 2020 (UTC)

Done --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 10:16, 20 October 2020 (UTC)

;Other images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Matchmaker_Bf109SBMode.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage P-39Q-15 (USSR).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage He 112 B-1 U2.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage Do 17 E-1.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage_Sea_Meteor_F_Mk_3.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Garage_Image_-_Potez_631.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:MTB 1.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:W.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Su-6 Modifications .png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:2020-11-08 (1).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:EBR.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:EBR xray.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:MIG -21 PFM Parked in a Hanger.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:T72A_top.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:T72Aside.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammoracks Object 906.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Germany Flag.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammorack of the VCC-80 Dardo (ATGM).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammoracks M4 Hybrid (Italy).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Soviet IS-2.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Chinese IS-2.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Soviet IS-2 (fully modified).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Soviet Options.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Chinese Options.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

= m60t sabra to m60(family) =

i added sabra writing to m60(family) can you look what i have done? https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/506818-m60t-aka-sabra-mk-ii [[User:U73853576|U73853576]] ([[User talk:U73853576|talk]]) 09:38, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

= About References and sources; and user-created video guides. =

Hey there, it has come to my attention that one of the many topics that need some polishing (or filling as we'd call it back in the day) is torpedoes in general: first off, standardizing sources to simply Wikipedia (nowadays it works just well enough!) or rather other kind of military sources? (for example and as many people do, simply source the references with Wikipedia's sources instead of citing Wikipedia itself as the source).
Second, I believe it would be a great addition but rather high-effort to make video demonstrations of torpedo launches on aircraft, but that would need streamlining for the how-to as well (with technicalities such as video format, size, duration, which aircraft to choose in regards to torpedo models that can be used by several different planes, etc etc.); but I would not simply go and do it before a good format to follow. I invite anyone who wants to discuss that matter to my talk page as well: but I hope it is a topic that wants to be discussed. Keep up the good work!
I personally will focus on British torpedo pages for now; simply because it's the nation I personally have the most fleshed out.
--[[User:U47850888|U47850888]] ([[User talk:U47850888|talk]]) 09:28, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

= Torpedoes =
I will try and create a template for torpedo specs (Explosive mass, speed, etc), will post here for approval or modification (don't worry, I'm very used to waiting for mods to look onto templates) while I note down British torpedoes' stats ingame. --[[User:U47850888|U47850888]] ([[User talk:U47850888|talk]]) 10:06, 10 April 2021 (UTC)
: Templates for torpedoes already exist: [[WSP Table Templates#Ammunition]], see the table "Torpedo characteristics". Here is an example implemented: [[MTB-1 1 series#Additional armament]] --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:32, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

:: Thank you! I should've checked in first: then would be adding it to torpedo pages be okay (as I plan to)? Rather than it belonging only on the vehicle pages, it should be on the torpedo's page as well in my opinion, as for example, it is present on Naval vehicles, but isn't included for Air vehicles (In this case, the MTB-1 uses the [[18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)]] but the other users of the torpedo, such as the [[Beaufighter Mk VIc#Suspended Armament]]).

= Events =
Thanks for your comprehensive events summary, it's ridiculous this is not official part of the wiki.
Since the content of your Summer event page has not been approved, could you please include the template here also? [[User:U105837429|U105837429]] ([[User talk:U105837429|talk]]) 10:45, 10 May 2021 (UTC)

= Regarding your recent reversion on "[[F-4C Phantom II]]" =

You didn't state any reason for the reversion, so I was just looking to see why it was done so it might not happen again. Did you take issue with the performance facts I listed? From my use of the aircraft in game that is the reality of how it performs. If you have it unlocked you could try it out yourself in a test flight (or a match if you want to blow the lions), it really isn't able to climb to its listed altitude or achieve its max speed on arcade, realistic, or simulator.
--[[User:U4885444|U4885444]] ([[User talk:U4885444|talk]]) 04:17, 24 May 2021 (UTC)
:I asked for a 2nd opinion and most of your edits have been approved. Two points to keep in mind for future edits: 1) do not modify table templates and 2) if you find that a plane does not perform like it should historically, please file a bug report. Thank you,
--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:20, 24 May 2021 (UTC)

= Removal of ammo rack information on the Ka-Chi =

I noticed you removed the information I filled in on the ammo racks of the Ka-Chi, I'm new to the wiki and I was wondering why you did this. I got the information myself from in-game (although it crashed my computer after I got the numbers on the first one so I decided not to continue), and I'm very confident the information I added on them was correct. Thanks! --[[User:U55492223|U55492223]] ([[User talk:U55492223|talk]]) 14:13, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
:We don't accept partially filled tables for ammoracks, only fully filled tables. I filled the table and included your remarks. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 14:36, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
::Ah so that is why, thank you! Also I can't believe I didn't notice the ammo rack in the turret being empty when I was getting the information. Thanks again! --[[User:U55492223|U55492223]] ([[User talk:U55492223|talk]]) 19:21, 13 August 2021 (UTC)

= Undoing changes =
Hi, I have made many changes for the better in the wiki, but they keep getting undone. I would like to know why.--[[User:U103089390|U103089390]] ([[User talk:U103089390|talk]]) 08:46, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
:Hello, please send one of the wiki team a PM on the war thunder forums or myself, we will happily explain but we will not disclose any moderation action on a public page. Have a great weekend! --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 13:55, 11 September 2021 (UTC)

= Image source =
Hello, Colok76286, sorry I did not get to you earlier. In regards to the question that you had asked me earlier regarding the two images I submitted for addition to the page on the 75 mm M6 cannon, I regret that I do not know where the images came from or what their copyright status is, as they were in a personal folder I had for images regarding the M24 Chaffee. I did a reverse search on the image of the cutaway of the M24 Chaffee's turret and came to this website http://www.m24chaffee.com/. I reverse-searched the other image and did not find anything. I understand the issues with using images with unknown copyright status in different countries and apologize for the inconvenience in dealing with my mistake. Regards, --[[User:U43191476|U43191476]] ([[User talk:U43191476|talk]]) 00:06, 02 October 2021 (UTC)

= Garage Image =
Hello, dunno where to ask this, but I noticed the ZBD86 garage image is outdated (shows the old bmp1p mod), and I was going to replace it, but I didn't know if I'm supposed to use a stock image or a fully upgraded one as the model changes, can you clarify? Thanks. --[[User:U20043873|U20043873]] ([[User talk:U20043873|talk]]) 15:00, 10 October 2021 (UTC)
:Hi, you can add 2 garage images (1 stock and 1 with the upgrade) like vehicles with add-on armour ([[Magach 3 (USA)]] for example). --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 15:36, 10 October 2021 (UTC)

== Type 59 copyright status ==

As for your message about the picture posted on the Type 59's page, it's been on my computer for some time, the original image came from a Chinese article on the Type 59 in 2018 or so, I've never seen it before then. Here's the [https://wemp.app/posts/5ae81110-1ec4-4aad-8ae2-40324e270cee page] I found it on, as far back as I could find the image. Sorry for not responding on my page too, I'm not too familiar with using the Wiki beyond editing! --[[User:U37468494|OddPhenomena]]([[User_talk:U37468494|talk]]) 16:08, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

User talk:U44629479

2021-10-13T16:45:33Z

U37468494: /* Type 59 copyright status */

= Talk page =
Hello Colok76286, it will be better for people to use this talk page to contact you and post questions/information as all posts here are immediately viewable and do not require a moderator to approve the message which is necessary on the User page. You can use your user page to annotate areas you are working on (such as the torpedoes) and maybe provide status updates on what you are specifically working on (it's up to you it is your space to work with). Also, using the talk page alerts you when you log back in that someone has left a new message for you, whereas this does not happen with the User Page. Good luck working with the torpedoes, they do need a little love and there is a lot of good information out there about them. -[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 12:21, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

= Award Request images =
Hello there!
First of all, thank you for all the edits you've been doing thus far on the Wiki.
I was looking through all the past edits in the last month, and noticed all the image work you and Jareel did. Given that many of the requested/missing award images are now up, do you still need the original award images?

Water multistrike--[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: Hello, I don't need the pictures I uploaded anymore. You can totally delete them. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)

=Tank mobility=
Hi! Thank you for your hard work but I basically made all the edits you've done obsolete. The wiki has a database with the tank weights, max speed, and spaded engine horsepowers(you can see them in the sidebar) so I made a template that taps into that and generated everything aside from stock engine power and addon armor weight. If you want to switch to the template then use <nowiki>{{tankMobility|abMinHp= number|rbMinHp= number|}}</nowiki>--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 16:24, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: That's even better. Thanks. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 21:07, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
::I don't think anyone has done any major errorchecking on the numbers. So if it's just 1 off like for max speed, I'd give it a pass as a rounding issue. If it's more than that send a message to the wiki admins. In the mean time you can overwrite the numbers with the parameters shown here [[Template:TankMobility]]--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 15:49, 9 February 2020 (UTC)
Wow, great job, congrats on finally managing to add the template to every single tank page! We really appreciate the work you've put in here! - [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 11:10, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

:There is something weird going on with the tank mobility tables, as they seem to only have stock engine power now and last field says "division by 0". You might want to take a look at this? --[[User:U42773747|U42773747]] ([[User talk:U42773747|talk]]) 06:25, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

= Forum profile =
Hello Colok76286,

Could you please send/give me a link to your war thunder forum profile.

Kindest Regards
Wiki Team
--[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 01:05, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

Please see your forum PM o7 --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 23:04, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

= Indexing =
Thanks for updating the information regarding the quotation/question mark issue. I did not realize the question marks caused problems with indexing, good to know, I learn something new every day! Thanks! --[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 21:19, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
: Yes, I tried searching for tables with missing values replaced by ?.??, ??.??, ??? or ???? but the Wiki search engine returned no results. On the other hand, when searching for missing values filled with _.__, __._, __.__, __. ___ or ____, the search results were correct. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 22:40, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

= List of images for deletion/modification =

== Files for deletion ==
Files deleted --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:50, 11 September 2020 (UTC)

Done --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 10:16, 20 October 2020 (UTC)

;Other images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Matchmaker_Bf109SBMode.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage P-39Q-15 (USSR).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage He 112 B-1 U2.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage Do 17 E-1.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage_Sea_Meteor_F_Mk_3.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Garage_Image_-_Potez_631.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:MTB 1.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:W.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Su-6 Modifications .png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:2020-11-08 (1).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:EBR.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:EBR xray.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:MIG -21 PFM Parked in a Hanger.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:T72A_top.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:T72Aside.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammoracks Object 906.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Germany Flag.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammorack of the VCC-80 Dardo (ATGM).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammoracks M4 Hybrid (Italy).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Soviet IS-2.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Chinese IS-2.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Soviet IS-2 (fully modified).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Soviet Options.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Chinese Options.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

= m60t sabra to m60(family) =

i added sabra writing to m60(family) can you look what i have done? https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/506818-m60t-aka-sabra-mk-ii [[User:U73853576|U73853576]] ([[User talk:U73853576|talk]]) 09:38, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

= About References and sources; and user-created video guides. =

Hey there, it has come to my attention that one of the many topics that need some polishing (or filling as we'd call it back in the day) is torpedoes in general: first off, standardizing sources to simply Wikipedia (nowadays it works just well enough!) or rather other kind of military sources? (for example and as many people do, simply source the references with Wikipedia's sources instead of citing Wikipedia itself as the source).
Second, I believe it would be a great addition but rather high-effort to make video demonstrations of torpedo launches on aircraft, but that would need streamlining for the how-to as well (with technicalities such as video format, size, duration, which aircraft to choose in regards to torpedo models that can be used by several different planes, etc etc.); but I would not simply go and do it before a good format to follow. I invite anyone who wants to discuss that matter to my talk page as well: but I hope it is a topic that wants to be discussed. Keep up the good work!
I personally will focus on British torpedo pages for now; simply because it's the nation I personally have the most fleshed out.
--[[User:U47850888|U47850888]] ([[User talk:U47850888|talk]]) 09:28, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

= Torpedoes =
I will try and create a template for torpedo specs (Explosive mass, speed, etc), will post here for approval or modification (don't worry, I'm very used to waiting for mods to look onto templates) while I note down British torpedoes' stats ingame. --[[User:U47850888|U47850888]] ([[User talk:U47850888|talk]]) 10:06, 10 April 2021 (UTC)
: Templates for torpedoes already exist: [[WSP Table Templates#Ammunition]], see the table "Torpedo characteristics". Here is an example implemented: [[MTB-1 1 series#Additional armament]] --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:32, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

:: Thank you! I should've checked in first: then would be adding it to torpedo pages be okay (as I plan to)? Rather than it belonging only on the vehicle pages, it should be on the torpedo's page as well in my opinion, as for example, it is present on Naval vehicles, but isn't included for Air vehicles (In this case, the MTB-1 uses the [[18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)]] but the other users of the torpedo, such as the [[Beaufighter Mk VIc#Suspended Armament]]).

= Events =
Thanks for your comprehensive events summary, it's ridiculous this is not official part of the wiki.
Since the content of your Summer event page has not been approved, could you please include the template here also? [[User:U105837429|U105837429]] ([[User talk:U105837429|talk]]) 10:45, 10 May 2021 (UTC)

= Regarding your recent reversion on "[[F-4C Phantom II]]" =

You didn't state any reason for the reversion, so I was just looking to see why it was done so it might not happen again. Did you take issue with the performance facts I listed? From my use of the aircraft in game that is the reality of how it performs. If you have it unlocked you could try it out yourself in a test flight (or a match if you want to blow the lions), it really isn't able to climb to its listed altitude or achieve its max speed on arcade, realistic, or simulator.
--[[User:U4885444|U4885444]] ([[User talk:U4885444|talk]]) 04:17, 24 May 2021 (UTC)
:I asked for a 2nd opinion and most of your edits have been approved. Two points to keep in mind for future edits: 1) do not modify table templates and 2) if you find that a plane does not perform like it should historically, please file a bug report. Thank you,
--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:20, 24 May 2021 (UTC)

= Removal of ammo rack information on the Ka-Chi =

I noticed you removed the information I filled in on the ammo racks of the Ka-Chi, I'm new to the wiki and I was wondering why you did this. I got the information myself from in-game (although it crashed my computer after I got the numbers on the first one so I decided not to continue), and I'm very confident the information I added on them was correct. Thanks! --[[User:U55492223|U55492223]] ([[User talk:U55492223|talk]]) 14:13, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
:We don't accept partially filled tables for ammoracks, only fully filled tables. I filled the table and included your remarks. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 14:36, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
::Ah so that is why, thank you! Also I can't believe I didn't notice the ammo rack in the turret being empty when I was getting the information. Thanks again! --[[User:U55492223|U55492223]] ([[User talk:U55492223|talk]]) 19:21, 13 August 2021 (UTC)

= Undoing changes =
Hi, I have made many changes for the better in the wiki, but they keep getting undone. I would like to know why.--[[User:U103089390|U103089390]] ([[User talk:U103089390|talk]]) 08:46, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
:Hello, please send one of the wiki team a PM on the war thunder forums or myself, we will happily explain but we will not disclose any moderation action on a public page. Have a great weekend! --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 13:55, 11 September 2021 (UTC)

= Image source =
Hello, Colok76286, sorry I did not get to you earlier. In regards to the question that you had asked me earlier regarding the two images I submitted for addition to the page on the 75 mm M6 cannon, I regret that I do not know where the images came from or what their copyright status is, as they were in a personal folder I had for images regarding the M24 Chaffee. I did a reverse search on the image of the cutaway of the M24 Chaffee's turret and came to this website http://www.m24chaffee.com/. I reverse-searched the other image and did not find anything. I understand the issues with using images with unknown copyright status in different countries and apologize for the inconvenience in dealing with my mistake. Regards, --[[User:U43191476|U43191476]] ([[User talk:U43191476|talk]]) 00:06, 02 October 2021 (UTC)

= Garage Image =
Hello, dunno where to ask this, but I noticed the ZBD86 garage image is outdated (shows the old bmp1p mod), and I was going to replace it, but I didn't know if I'm supposed to use a stock image or a fully upgraded one as the model changes, can you clarify? Thanks. --[[User:U20043873|U20043873]] ([[User talk:U20043873|talk]]) 15:00, 10 October 2021 (UTC)
:Hi, you can add 2 garage images (1 stock and 1 with the upgrade) like vehicles with add-on armour ([[Magach 3 (USA)]] for example). --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 15:36, 10 October 2021 (UTC)

== Type 59 copyright status ==

As for your message about the picture posted on the Type 59's page, it's been on my computer for some time, the original image came from a Chinese article on the Type 59 in 2018 or so, I've never seen it before then. Here's the [https://wemp.app/posts/5ae81110-1ec4-4aad-8ae2-40324e270cee page] I found it on, as far back as I could find the image. Sorry for not responding on my page too, I'm not too familiar with using the Wiki beyond editing! -[[User:U37468494|OddPhenomena]]([[User_talk:U37468494|talk]]) 16:08, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

User talk:U44629479

2021-10-13T16:08:23Z

U37468494: /* Type 59 copyright status */

= Talk page =
Hello Colok76286, it will be better for people to use this talk page to contact you and post questions/information as all posts here are immediately viewable and do not require a moderator to approve the message which is necessary on the User page. You can use your user page to annotate areas you are working on (such as the torpedoes) and maybe provide status updates on what you are specifically working on (it's up to you it is your space to work with). Also, using the talk page alerts you when you log back in that someone has left a new message for you, whereas this does not happen with the User Page. Good luck working with the torpedoes, they do need a little love and there is a lot of good information out there about them. -[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 12:21, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

= Award Request images =
Hello there!
First of all, thank you for all the edits you've been doing thus far on the Wiki.
I was looking through all the past edits in the last month, and noticed all the image work you and Jareel did. Given that many of the requested/missing award images are now up, do you still need the original award images?

Water multistrike--[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: Hello, I don't need the pictures I uploaded anymore. You can totally delete them. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:32, 7 February 2020 (UTC)

=Tank mobility=
Hi! Thank you for your hard work but I basically made all the edits you've done obsolete. The wiki has a database with the tank weights, max speed, and spaded engine horsepowers(you can see them in the sidebar) so I made a template that taps into that and generated everything aside from stock engine power and addon armor weight. If you want to switch to the template then use <nowiki>{{tankMobility|abMinHp= number|rbMinHp= number|}}</nowiki>--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 16:24, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
: That's even better. Thanks. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 21:07, 7 February 2020 (UTC)
::I don't think anyone has done any major errorchecking on the numbers. So if it's just 1 off like for max speed, I'd give it a pass as a rounding issue. If it's more than that send a message to the wiki admins. In the mean time you can overwrite the numbers with the parameters shown here [[Template:TankMobility]]--[[User:U30585107|U30585107]] ([[User talk:U30585107|talk]]) 15:49, 9 February 2020 (UTC)
Wow, great job, congrats on finally managing to add the template to every single tank page! We really appreciate the work you've put in here! - [[User:U38088265|U38088265]] ([[User talk:U38088265|talk]]) 11:10, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

:There is something weird going on with the tank mobility tables, as they seem to only have stock engine power now and last field says "division by 0". You might want to take a look at this? --[[User:U42773747|U42773747]] ([[User talk:U42773747|talk]]) 06:25, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

= Forum profile =
Hello Colok76286,

Could you please send/give me a link to your war thunder forum profile.

Kindest Regards
Wiki Team
--[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 01:05, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

Please see your forum PM o7 --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 23:04, 25 March 2020 (UTC)

= Indexing =
Thanks for updating the information regarding the quotation/question mark issue. I did not realize the question marks caused problems with indexing, good to know, I learn something new every day! Thanks! --[[User:U64962917|U64962917]] ([[User talk:U64962917|talk]]) 21:19, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
: Yes, I tried searching for tables with missing values replaced by ?.??, ??.??, ??? or ???? but the Wiki search engine returned no results. On the other hand, when searching for missing values filled with _.__, __._, __.__, __. ___ or ____, the search results were correct. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 22:40, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

= List of images for deletion/modification =

== Files for deletion ==
Files deleted --[[User:U28580205|U28580205]] ([[User talk:U28580205|talk]]) 07:50, 11 September 2020 (UTC)

Done --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 10:16, 20 October 2020 (UTC)

;Other images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Matchmaker_Bf109SBMode.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage P-39Q-15 (USSR).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage He 112 B-1 U2.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage Do 17 E-1.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:GarageImage_Sea_Meteor_F_Mk_3.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Garage_Image_-_Potez_631.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:MTB 1.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:W.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Su-6 Modifications .png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:2020-11-08 (1).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:EBR.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:EBR xray.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:MIG -21 PFM Parked in a Hanger.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:T72A_top.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:T72Aside.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammoracks Object 906.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Germany Flag.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammorack of the VCC-80 Dardo (ATGM).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Ammoracks M4 Hybrid (Italy).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Soviet IS-2.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Chinese IS-2.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Soviet IS-2 (fully modified).png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Soviet Options.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Chinese Options.png|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

= m60t sabra to m60(family) =

i added sabra writing to m60(family) can you look what i have done? https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/506818-m60t-aka-sabra-mk-ii [[User:U73853576|U73853576]] ([[User talk:U73853576|talk]]) 09:38, 23 December 2020 (UTC)

= About References and sources; and user-created video guides. =

Hey there, it has come to my attention that one of the many topics that need some polishing (or filling as we'd call it back in the day) is torpedoes in general: first off, standardizing sources to simply Wikipedia (nowadays it works just well enough!) or rather other kind of military sources? (for example and as many people do, simply source the references with Wikipedia's sources instead of citing Wikipedia itself as the source).
Second, I believe it would be a great addition but rather high-effort to make video demonstrations of torpedo launches on aircraft, but that would need streamlining for the how-to as well (with technicalities such as video format, size, duration, which aircraft to choose in regards to torpedo models that can be used by several different planes, etc etc.); but I would not simply go and do it before a good format to follow. I invite anyone who wants to discuss that matter to my talk page as well: but I hope it is a topic that wants to be discussed. Keep up the good work!
I personally will focus on British torpedo pages for now; simply because it's the nation I personally have the most fleshed out.
--[[User:U47850888|U47850888]] ([[User talk:U47850888|talk]]) 09:28, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

= Torpedoes =
I will try and create a template for torpedo specs (Explosive mass, speed, etc), will post here for approval or modification (don't worry, I'm very used to waiting for mods to look onto templates) while I note down British torpedoes' stats ingame. --[[User:U47850888|U47850888]] ([[User talk:U47850888|talk]]) 10:06, 10 April 2021 (UTC)
: Templates for torpedoes already exist: [[WSP Table Templates#Ammunition]], see the table "Torpedo characteristics". Here is an example implemented: [[MTB-1 1 series#Additional armament]] --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:32, 10 April 2021 (UTC)

:: Thank you! I should've checked in first: then would be adding it to torpedo pages be okay (as I plan to)? Rather than it belonging only on the vehicle pages, it should be on the torpedo's page as well in my opinion, as for example, it is present on Naval vehicles, but isn't included for Air vehicles (In this case, the MTB-1 uses the [[18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)]] but the other users of the torpedo, such as the [[Beaufighter Mk VIc#Suspended Armament]]).

= Events =
Thanks for your comprehensive events summary, it's ridiculous this is not official part of the wiki.
Since the content of your Summer event page has not been approved, could you please include the template here also? [[User:U105837429|U105837429]] ([[User talk:U105837429|talk]]) 10:45, 10 May 2021 (UTC)

= Regarding your recent reversion on "[[F-4C Phantom II]]" =

You didn't state any reason for the reversion, so I was just looking to see why it was done so it might not happen again. Did you take issue with the performance facts I listed? From my use of the aircraft in game that is the reality of how it performs. If you have it unlocked you could try it out yourself in a test flight (or a match if you want to blow the lions), it really isn't able to climb to its listed altitude or achieve its max speed on arcade, realistic, or simulator.
--[[User:U4885444|U4885444]] ([[User talk:U4885444|talk]]) 04:17, 24 May 2021 (UTC)
:I asked for a 2nd opinion and most of your edits have been approved. Two points to keep in mind for future edits: 1) do not modify table templates and 2) if you find that a plane does not perform like it should historically, please file a bug report. Thank you,
--[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 11:20, 24 May 2021 (UTC)

= Removal of ammo rack information on the Ka-Chi =

I noticed you removed the information I filled in on the ammo racks of the Ka-Chi, I'm new to the wiki and I was wondering why you did this. I got the information myself from in-game (although it crashed my computer after I got the numbers on the first one so I decided not to continue), and I'm very confident the information I added on them was correct. Thanks! --[[User:U55492223|U55492223]] ([[User talk:U55492223|talk]]) 14:13, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
:We don't accept partially filled tables for ammoracks, only fully filled tables. I filled the table and included your remarks. --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 14:36, 13 August 2021 (UTC)
::Ah so that is why, thank you! Also I can't believe I didn't notice the ammo rack in the turret being empty when I was getting the information. Thanks again! --[[User:U55492223|U55492223]] ([[User talk:U55492223|talk]]) 19:21, 13 August 2021 (UTC)

= Undoing changes =
Hi, I have made many changes for the better in the wiki, but they keep getting undone. I would like to know why.--[[User:U103089390|U103089390]] ([[User talk:U103089390|talk]]) 08:46, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
:Hello, please send one of the wiki team a PM on the war thunder forums or myself, we will happily explain but we will not disclose any moderation action on a public page. Have a great weekend! --[[User:U1619975|U1619975]] ([[User talk:U1619975|talk]]) 13:55, 11 September 2021 (UTC)

= Image source =
Hello, Colok76286, sorry I did not get to you earlier. In regards to the question that you had asked me earlier regarding the two images I submitted for addition to the page on the 75 mm M6 cannon, I regret that I do not know where the images came from or what their copyright status is, as they were in a personal folder I had for images regarding the M24 Chaffee. I did a reverse search on the image of the cutaway of the M24 Chaffee's turret and came to this website http://www.m24chaffee.com/. I reverse-searched the other image and did not find anything. I understand the issues with using images with unknown copyright status in different countries and apologize for the inconvenience in dealing with my mistake. Regards, --[[User:U43191476|U43191476]] ([[User talk:U43191476|talk]]) 00:06, 02 October 2021 (UTC)

= Garage Image =
Hello, dunno where to ask this, but I noticed the ZBD86 garage image is outdated (shows the old bmp1p mod), and I was going to replace it, but I didn't know if I'm supposed to use a stock image or a fully upgraded one as the model changes, can you clarify? Thanks. --[[User:U20043873|U20043873]] ([[User talk:U20043873|talk]]) 15:00, 10 October 2021 (UTC)
:Hi, you can add 2 garage images (1 stock and 1 with the upgrade) like vehicles with add-on armour ([[Magach 3 (USA)]] for example). --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 15:36, 10 October 2021 (UTC)

== Type 59 copyright status ==

As for your message about the picture posted on the Type 59's page, it's been on my computer for some time, the original image came from a Chinese article on the Type 59 in 2018 or so, I've never seen it before then. Here's the [https://wemp.app/posts/5ae81110-1ec4-4aad-8ae2-40324e270cee page] I found it on, as far back as I could find the image. -[[User:U37468494|OddPhenomena]]([[User_talk:U37468494|talk]]) 16:08, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

User talk:U44629479

2021-10-13T15:56:58Z

U37468494: /* Type 59 copyright status */ new section

User talk:U37468494

2021-10-13T15:55:34Z

U37468494: /* Image source */

User talk:U37468494

2021-10-13T15:55:04Z

U37468494: /* Image source */

= Image source =
Please let us know what is the copyright status of the image you uploaded: [[:File:Type 59 production.jpg]]. Thank you, --[[User:U44629479|U44629479]] ([[User talk:U44629479|talk]]) 15:38, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

It's been on my computer for some time, the original image came from a Chinese article on the Type 59 in 2018 or so, I've never seen it before then. Here's the [https://wemp.app/posts/5ae81110-1ec4-4aad-8ae2-40324e270cee page] I found it on, as far back as I could find the image.

Type 59

2021-10-13T15:12:31Z

U37468494: Added picture to the history section.

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_type_59
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

The Type 59 holds the distinction of being the first tank to be domestically manufactured by the People's Republic of China. It is a famous part of the PLA's Cold War tank inventory, saw service with many countries, and set the stage for many later developments.

A somewhat simplified, licensed produced version of the Soviet T-54A, the Type 59 looks very much like the [[T-54 (1951)]]. The most noticeable differences are the fume extractor on the tip of the gun barrel and the different roadwheels, similar to the T-55A. Internally, the Type 59 differs from the T-54 by having a single-plane stabilizer and a different ammunition selection. It helps to get accustomed to this grandfather of Chinese tanks, as the later [[Type 69]], [[ZTZ59D1]], and [[T-69 II G]] are its descendants and handle similarly.

Succeeding the Type 59 is the [[Type 69]], which improves on the Type 59 in many areas and has a new smoothbore cannon.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The armour layout of the Type 59 is identical to the T-54 (1951), having a rounded, egg-shaped turret with a highly sloped upper glacis. The armour is not bad per se, but most of its opponents use powerful APDS, APFSDS, or HEAT-FS rounds that can go right through it, an issue made worse by the fact that the Type 59 currently has a higher battle rating than the T-54. While it is mostly immune to APHE rounds from the front, few vehicles use them at its rank, and those that do are typically from the Soviet Union and unlikely to face the Type 59 in Realistic Battles. The full-caliber AP shells fired by the [[M103]]'s 120 mm gun can penetrate the Type 59's hull armour quite easily.

Post-penetration survivability is questionable. Ammunition is scattered around the tank and none of the ammo racks are protected. The interior of the tank is cramped and penetrating hits are likely to take out multiple crew members. When the gun is pointed forward, the driver, gunner, and commander are all lined up for an easy one-shot kill.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|100 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (54°) ''Lower glacis''
|80 mm
|45 mm (16°) ''Upper'' 30 mm (72°) ''Lower''
|30 mm ''Front'' 20 mm ''Back''
|-
|Turret
|160 mm (14-39°) ''Turret front'' 200 mm (4-78°) ''Gun mantlet''
|115 mm (45-50°) ''Upper'' 155 mm (10-30°) ''Lower''
|65 mm (9-35°)
|30 mm
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspensions wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 806|rbMinHp= 460}}

The mobility of the Type 59 is the same as the T-54, decent to good but not the best. The top speed will only be reached on paved surfaces. The wide tracks make for fairly good off-road capability. The tank cannot turn in place and the reverse speed of -7 km/h leaves much to be desired. Speedy MBTs like the [[Leopard I]] will easily outrun the Type 59, though it can keep up with the [[M60]] and is still faster than the [[Centurion Mk 10]].

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type 59 (100 mm)}}

The Type 59 cannon is identical to the original Soviet D-10T used by the [[T-54 (1951)]] aside from its stabilizer and different choice of ammunition. The turret rotation speed is very poor, making it hard to respond to ambushes and proving to be a liability in urban combat. The vertical stabilizer allows the Type 59 to shoot accurately when driving under 40 km/h. The reload is quite slow and the average medium tank at the Type 59's battle rating will reload around 2 seconds quicker.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 59 (100 mm)|100 mm Type 59]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 34 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+17° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 9.5 || 13.2 || 16.0 || 17.7 || 18.8 || rowspan="2" | 11.18 || rowspan="2" | 9.89 || rowspan="2" | 9.12 || rowspan="2" | 8.60
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.0 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| BR-412 || APHE || 218 || 212 || 190 || 164 || 143 || 124
|-
| BR-412B || APHEBC || 218 || 215 || 201 || 184 || 169 || 155
|-
| BR-412D || APCBC || 239 || 236 || 220 || 202 || 186 || 170
|-
| BR-412P || APCR || 224 || 216 || 186 || 153 || 127 || 105
|-
| Type 1959 || APDS || 299 || 298 || 291 || 272 || 253 || 249
|-
| Type 1973 || HEATFS || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390
|-
| OF-412 || HE || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| BR-412 || APHE || 895 || 15.9 || 1.2 || 19 || 100.1 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| BR-412B || APHEBC || 895 || 15.9 || 1.2 || 19 || 100.1 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-412D || APCBC || 887 || 15.9 || 1.2 || 19 || 93.94 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-412P || APCR || 1,050 || 8.53 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| Type 1959 || APDS || 1,432 || 3.18 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| Type 1973 || HEATFS || 1,000 || 10.05 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,180 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OF-412 || HE || 900 || 15.6 || 0 || 0.1 || 1,460 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

The Type 59 has many ammunition types to choose from. The stock round is the BR-412 APHE. An uncapped shell, its performance is rather substandard for its rank and it might have difficulties against angled armour or at long distances. The BR-412B APHEBC round is slightly better at a distance and the BR-412D APCBC round is the best of the AP shells overall. These shells are best used against lightly armoured tanks like the [[Leopard I]] and [[AMX-30 (1972)|AMX-30]]. Light tanks and SPAAs are also good targets, but some may have extremely thin armour that will not trigger the fuse.

The BR-412P APCR shell is currently modeled as having less penetration than the BR-412D round, so it is completely useless and should not be taken.

The Type 1959 APDS has identical penetration to the Soviet 3BM-8 APDS round with minor differences in the weight and muzzle velocity. The performance is generally comparable to the DM13 APDS. It has a high muzzle velocity and is thus the easiest to use at long distance, but the post-penetration damage is somewhat underwhelming.

The Type 1973 HEAT-FS has the same penetration as the T-55A's 3BK-5M HEAT-FS round. The muzzle velocity and weight are between the 3BK-5M and 3BK-5, but it has about 260 fewer grams of TNT equivalent due to the different filler. In practice, there is not a significant difference, and the HEAT-FS boasts the highest penetration out of all of the Type 59's rounds, going clean through almost any tank not equipped with composite armour or ERA. It is also capable of causing hull-breaks on light tanks and SPAAs. Unfortunately, the fuse is very sensitive and will trigger on bushes and fences.

The OF-412 HE shell only has 26 mm of penetration and is of limited utility. It is not large enough to cause any notable damage to MBTs, and while it can cause hull-breaks, so can the HEAT-FS.

Note that the Type 59 does not have access to the 3D3 smoke shell from the T-54 (1951).

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_T-54_(1951).png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the T-54 (1951) (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''34''' || 33 ''(+1)'' || 28 ''(+6)'' || 23 ''(+10)'' || 22 ''(+11)'' || 21 ''(+13)'' || 1 ''(+33)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Turret empty: 28 ''(+6)'' shells.
* Last rack only: 21 ''(+13)'' shells.

The ammunition storage of the Type 59 is not exactly safe, but to be fair, this applies to many contemporary tanks. Spare rounds are littered around the turret and fighting compartment, and there is a large rack next to the driver. It's best to take fewer rounds to at least clear out the turret. Carrying 21 rounds or fewer will completely empty the fighting compartment, which helps to prevent side-aspect shots from being instantly fatal.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 500 (50) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Type 59 is best used similarly to the original T-54. The mobility is decent, but the turret rotation speed and gun elevation speed are quite agonizing. For those not used to this vehicle, it is better not to rush straight into the combat zone. Instead, stay behind other teammates, keep an eye on the surroundings, and anticipate where enemies may appear. The vertical stabilizer, an oddity for a high-tier vehicle, is effective up to around 40 km/h, which is a major step up from the familiar vertical stabilizers used by the M4 Sherman family and practically equivalent to two-plane stabilizer under most circumstances; the Type 59 will typically only exceed 40 km/h when driving downhill or on roads. Still, the crippling gun handling makes high-speed shooting risky since the turret will struggle with the rapid aim adjustments required. The stabilizer is a significant advantage when fighting unstabilized tanks since the gun does not need to settle before an accurate shot. Keep the gun pointed towards possible enemy positions and remember to turn the hull as well as the turret when rapid adjustments in aim are needed.

Helicopters start to become common around the Type 59's battle rating and can be a major threat if equipped with rockets or ATGMs. The Type 59 has limited options for offense or defense against helicopters since it has poor gun handling and no smoke grenades. The APDS might be able to take out very inattentive helicopter pilots with good aim and a healthy dose of luck. If they get closer, the heavy machine gun may be able to destroy or scare off unarmoured helicopters. When all else fails, hide behind buildings or among trees

Stay close to teammates if possible. The slow reload and poor gun handling make dealing with multiple enemies or flankers a difficult task without backup. A fast light tank, SPAA, or armoured car can circle around the Type 59 faster than it can react. It helps to bind the cupola mounted heavy machine gun to a separate key in case this happens; the DShK rotates fairly quickly and will rip through the sides of light targets like the [[AUBL/74 HVG]] with ease. If a healthy distance is maintained, the Type 59 has an easier time coping with its poor gun handling.

Pay attention to the battlefield and identify enemy tanks ahead of time. This allows the gun to be wrangled into position and the appropriate choice of ammunition to be selected. Thinly armoured enemies should typically be targeted with the APCBC round. Scoring one-shot kills is very helpful for the Type 59 since the slow reload makes follow-up shots risky. It is worth remembering that although the [[OF-40]], [[STB-1]], and [[Leopard A1A1]] look very similar to the [[Leopard I]], they are significantly more resistant to conventional rounds from the front. Shoot the OF-40 in the lower glacis, the STB-1 in the upper glacis (close to the turret ring) or gun mantlet, and the A1A1 in the hull.

Tanks with good protection as often seen in US, British, and Soviet models should be dealt with using APDS or HEAT-FS if sideshots are not possible. HEAT-FS is typically the better option since it has higher penetration and can be used to hull-break light targets in a pinch, but APDS is easier to aim at long distances (especially important since the Type 59 has no dedicated rangefinder) and cannot be stopped by ERA. Take some of both, perhaps more APDS on large maps. Aim for crew members and ammo racks when using these ammunition types.

This basic version of the Type 59 omitted the night vision systems from the T-54A, so it must rely on illumination flares for vision in night battles. The [[Type 69]] is much more self-sufficient in this regard, so consider using that tank first if it is present in the lineup.

Overall, the Type 59 faces many challenges at its current battle rating, often being uptiered and having to deal with tanks far more advanced than it. Still, it is satisfying to destroy a thermal-equipped, APFSDS-slinging MBT from the late 1980s with a tank first produced in 1958, using an APCBC round introduced in 1951.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 100 mm gun with the same wide selection of ammunition as the Soviet [[T-54 (1951)]], including strong HEAT-FS and high velocity APDS
* Good frontal armour
* Has a top-mounted heavy machine gun for use against soft targets
* Despite having a vertical stabiliser, it only stops working at speeds over 40 km/h - speeds that are rarely reached
* Decent mobility
* APHE is reliably and devastatingly effective against lightly armoured vehicles like the Leopard I from the front and other tanks from the side

'''Cons:'''

* Long reload
* Sluggish turret traverse
* Armour does not hold up very well at its rank - APDS, HEAT-FS and APFSDS cuts through your armour, even at distance
* No sources of smoke available
* No night vision
* No neutral steering
* No laser or optical rangefinder, making long range sniping more difficult
* Low gun depression of -4°
* Not too impressive reverse of -7 km/h

== History ==
[[File:Type 59 production.jpg|thumb|296x296px|Assembly of the first Type 59 tanks at the Inner Mongolia 617 factory in 1958.]]
During the early 1950s, the People's Republic of China purchased numerous tanks from the Soviet Union, such as the [[T-34-85 (S-53) (China)|T-34-85]] and the [[IS-2 (China)|IS-2]]. Domestic industrial and engineering capabilities were quite limited at the time and the USSR agreed to assist in setting up a factory manufacturing the T-54A in China. The Chinese copies were designated '''Type 59''' and featured several differences from the original T-54A, such as the deletion of the night vision and possibly stabilizer systems, at least initially.

The Type 59 was produced for a long period of time in several versions, finally appearing in large numbers to completely replace the highly obsolete T-34-85 after a few decades. Though it started out as a competitive design, it became apparent that the Type 59 was in need of some upgrades after a few years. An effort to create a replacement resulted in the [[Type 69]], but this model was not very popular with the PLA, only seeing limited domestic service. As a result the Type 59 remained the premier tank of the PLA for most of the Cold War, seeing some usage in the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979 and at Tiananmen Square in 1989 and receiving limited domestic upgrades to the fire-control, automotive, and fire suppression systems. The reason for PLA's continued use of this first generation MBT was largely due to the political turmoils that was happening in China during the late 60s and early 70s. Efforts to produce domestic second generation MBTs to replace the Type 59, such as the WZ-122, were usually blocked as political ideology took hold of these projects attempted by skilled Chinese engineers.

When relations with the Western world began to normalize during the early 1980s, foreign technologies were available for integration, resulting in numerous upgraded variants like the Type-59-II, [[ZTZ59D1|Type 59 D1]], Type 59D, Jaguar, and VT-3. Soon afterwards domestic tank development accelerated and the Type 59 was superseded by more modern tanks such as the Type 80/88 series. Currently, the Type 59 is still present in the PLA's inventory in sizable quantities, but has been gradually relegated to reserve and training purposes, with more and more units being equipped with far superior [[ZTZ96|Type 96]] and Type 99 main battle tanks.

Like the original T-54/55 series, the Type 59 was a popular export item. It was used by the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War alongside its Soviet counterpart. It remains in use with countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Iran, often in heavily upgraded form. Chinese companies still offer comprehensive upgrades and conversions of the Type 59 for export customers. An estimated 10,000 tanks were produced between 1959 to the 1980s.

The tank was also shown in the famous photo of "Tank Man" on Tiananmen square.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cn_type_59 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|sVCOipttDmg|'''The Shooting Range #265''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:27 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|B6ZsuPjSuNo|'''T-54/T-55 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:41 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|-NsXtlGCC1g|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Calm Aggression''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China medium tanks}}

File:Type 59 production.jpg

2021-10-13T15:05:50Z

U37468494:

Historical photo of the assembly of the first Type 59 tank at the Inner Mongolia 617 factory in 1958.

A6M6c

2021-10-13T15:02:22Z

U37468494: Edited history section with the history section of the vehicle's devblog.

{{About
| about = Japanese fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = A6M (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=a6m6c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Red Skies"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season IV, "Fearless Voltigeur"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


With the new Sakae 31a engine, the A6M6c has a water-methanol injection that makes the engine less vulnerable to overheating under WEP. The main flaw of this engine is that once the water-methanol mixture runs out, WEP cannot be utilized anymore. The [[B7A2]] also shares this similar flaw with the A6M6c. The WEP lasts for a total of 8 minutes, so it's recommended to conserve it once cruising altitude is reached. Saving a few minutes of WEP for a dogfight can make a vital difference in combat effectiveness. In total, the WEP setting adds 136 additional horsepower compared to 100% throttle setting.

The general flight performance of this Zero will match the traditional expectations. It is relatively light and nimble, it has an excellent turn rate, and it has great low altitude performance. However, when compared with other late war zeros such as the [[A6M5]] [[A6M5 Ko|Ko]]/[[A6M5 otsu|Otsu]], it feels much heavier and more sluggish. It also has a rather poor rate of climb. It behaves similarly to the [[A6M5 Hei]], and if the pilot is familiar with the Hei, the pilot can master the A6M6.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,400 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 522 || 506 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.9 || 21.7 || 7.8 || 7.8 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 566 || 543 || 19.1 || 20.0 || 14.4 || 10.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 740  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 398 || 369 || 220 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 420 || < 410 || > 336
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The A6M6c boasts pilot armour, armoured glass, and self-sealing fuel tanks, elements missing on earlier models of the A6M. It has increased survivability because of these bonus features. However, it isn't as tough as a P-51, as it is still a Zero, and the wings are vulnerable to incendiary rounds. The armour will save you, but you should not rely on it as your primary advantage.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|Type 3 (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, wing-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)
* 1 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine guns, wing-mounted (240 rpg = 480 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 (250 kg)|Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1|Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 bomb (250 kg total)
* 10 x Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1 rockets
* 2 x Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


To master the A6M6c in the air, the pilot needs to channel all of the Zero's strengths and exploit them against the enemy. The primary goal is to set up a turning engagement and open fire roughly 300 meters from the target in a turn. The Zero is vulnerable to energy fighting tactics, so it isn't recommended to boom and zoom, as the Zero isn't a fast aircraft. The A6M6c has a poor rate of climb, and it is recommended to side climb slightly and engage targets that are low in energy and altitude.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

The Zero's manual engine controls are simple to learn. The propeller pitch should be kept at 95% at all times. The radiators both should be kept between 5 and 15% depending if you are on a hot or cold map. The second supercharger gear should be activated at 3,500 m and above. The Mixture can be kept at 60% percent for all altitudes.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful armament with good ammo count, the 13 mm MGs are effective
* Retains some of the famous manoeuvrability of the A6M series, makes for a capable dogfighter
* Has some armour, combined with better guns it makes the plane capable for bomber hunting
* Can carry effective rockets
* Stronger WEP than earlier Zeros
* Capable of carrier landing and takeoff

'''Cons:'''

* Heavier than other zeros, does not handle as well
* Vulnerable to incendiary rounds
* Very poor top speed
* Not potent at high altitude
* Limited WEP mode. Only 8 minutes of WEP.
* Rockets are launched two at a time, limiting the amount of targets you can destroy

== History ==

In late 1944 into early 1945, the skies over the Pacific Ocean were ruled by US military aviation. The Japanese Empire was forced to deploy the already obsolete Zero against up-to-date Corsairs and Hellcats, because the development of new models of carrier-based fighter aircraft was delayed, and new Japanese army fighters often lacked range to win a tactical initiative. The design team of Mitsubishi did everything possible in an attempt to bring the Zero to the level of modern Allied combat aviation.

One of the latest versions of the Japanese carrier-based fighter was the Model 53 hei (A6M6c), developed after the design of the previous version, the A6M5 hei. Efforts to strengthen the structure and increase firepower were also traced in the new model: the A6M6c, like its predecessor, was armed with a pair of automatic cannons and three high-caliber machine guns, and also had protected wing tanks. In addition, this modification was supposed to install a new Nakajima Sakae 31 engine with a water-methanol injection system. As tests showed, the promising afterburner proved to be very unreliable in operation, so only a few A6M6c units were produced - one prototype at the Mitsubishi plant and several units of the testing batch at the Nakajima plant.

-From Devblog [https://warthunder.com/en/news/7247-development-battle-pass-vehicles-a6m6c-en]

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a6m6c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|477cgrAHIQg|'''Battle Pass "Fearless Voltigeur"''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 03:23 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7247-development-battle-pass-vehicles-a6m6c-en|[Devblog] Battle Pass vehicles: A6M6c]]

{{AirManufacturer Mitsubishi}}
{{Japan fighters}}
{{Japan premium aircraft}}

P-39N-0

2021-10-06T00:47:50Z

U37468494: /* History */

{{About
| about = American fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = P-39 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=p-39n
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_p-39n.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The primary purpose of a P-39 is that of a low-level interceptor. It lacks the high-altitude performance needed to engage strategic bombers or high-flying fighters, but is extremely competitive under 4,000m and easily one of the best, if not the best plane at its BR.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,048 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 613 || 593 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.9 || 19.9 || 10.5 || 10.5 || rowspan="2" | 280
|-
! Upgraded
| 680 || 641 || 17.8 || 18.0 || 21.2 || 14.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 426 || 396 || 241 || ~13 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 380 || < 450 || > 312
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,800 m || 1,125 hp || 1,446 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 15.87 mm Steel - Propeller hub
* 15.87 mm Steel - Plate in front of the cockpit
* 7 mm Steel - Plate over instrument cluster
* 6 mm Steel - Upper pilot's seat and headrest encasement
* 6 mm Steel - Rear tail
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 64 mm Bulletproof glass - Headrest of pilot's seat

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M4 (37 mm)|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm M4 cannon, nose-mounted (30 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)
* 4 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 1,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|M8}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 6 x M8 rockets
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The P-39 Airacobra is an exceptional aircraft, American planes are known to be heavy, sluggish, slow turning aircraft with mediocre climb rates. Not this one though. With a turn time of 18.0 seconds and a climb rate of 14 m/s, this is a formidable opponent to even the most agile of aircraft. With a deadly arsenal consisting of 4 x 7.62 machine guns, 2 x 12.7 Brownings, and a 37 mm M1 cannon, firepower is not a reason to worry. With 3000 rounds for your six machine guns, and 30 rounds for the 37mm, ammo shouldn't bother you.

'''Stock Grind'''

The P-39 has a relatively easy stock grind as it's easy to fly and doesn't require "ace" skills to master it. Your first priority should be performance mods, as you have enough firepower and ammo, so shooting down planes should not be an issue. M8 rockets are relatively useless; only equip them if you have no other CAS options. They can be effective at destroying bombers in a diving attack though, albeit the 37mm should be enough.

'''Tactics: Air Realistic'''

Air realistic is where the Airacobra shines. It performs best as a Boom n Zoom fighter, due to its relatively solid rate of climb & energy retention. It doesn't turn the best, but can dance around lower-energy targets with flaps. Its engine power significantly decreases above 4 km, but it is fine to climb higher at the start of the match-just try not to fight people there, especially if they do perform well at altitude.

'''Tactics: Ground Realistic'''

Since you are unable to carry any serious ordnance, your role is air superiority. Get rid of light armoured vehicles with the rockets and strafe targets so the friendlies can see them. Deal with other fighters challenging your dominance and try to deal with bombers. Always try to keep the element of surprise on your side. However, overall, the A-36 is preferable over the P-39 in ground battles.

'''Enemies worth noting'''

'''Germans'''

You will commonly see Bf 109 Es and Fs, as well as 190 As. While Es are not as serious of a threat, the 109 Fs are due to their more powerful engines. Wait until they dive or you are at a higher energy state to engage them. As for 190s, their engines are rather underwhelming so doing vertical turns will easily stall them out. In an uptier however, you can do little against 109 F-4s.

'''Japanese'''

You will see A6M2s most often in the P-39. While they posses great manoeuvrability and firepower, they are very slow planes and the P-39 will easily outrun them as well as outclimb them.

'''British'''

Spitfires are very hard to deal with if inexperienced. Your best option is to bait them into vertical turns, where they will easily stall out, making them easy prey. Make sure not to stall out in front of their guns, and plan your ascent with that in mind. Early Typhoons are not much of a threat and can be dealt with easily.

'''Soviets'''

Yours scariest opponents are the La-series of aircraft. They turn relatively well and have good energy retention. It is best to fight them only when you have a decisive energy advantage. You will fight early Yak-9s as well, but they have anaemic engine performance above 2 km and poor armament.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Heavy armament & lots of ammo for MGs
* Great dive speed and acceleration
* Good roll rate
* Responsive
* Climbs well
* 3 flap options & the flaps deploy/retract quickly
* Decent stock grind
* Great energy retention
* Great stall control

'''Cons:'''

* Three different weapon trajectories make aiming difficult, although this is less of a problem if you are a proficient P-400 pilot
* Cannot fire the 2 MGs separately
* Compresses quite a lot, advisable to reduce throttle in a dive
* Cannot out-turn many opponents

== History ==


The P-39 Airacobra was a single-engine fighter used in the Pacific and Eastern fonts. The aircraft was produced 1940 – May 1944, and its first flight was 6 April 1938. The manufacturer of this aircraft was Bell Aircraft. As mentioned before in the introduction, this aircraft is great in low altitude combat, making it useful in naval battles for escorting torpedo bombers. The original idea for the Airacobra was a defensive interceptor which would protect American shores for the Axis powers. Destroying low flying torpedo and normal bombers was not a challenge for this aircraft as it could easily rip the wings and tail. The plane was originally sent to Britain, but was later sent back to the United States. The US then gave the P-39 Airacobra to the Australians, where it was used to patrol the northern shores of Australia. The aircraft was later fitted with bombs and more cannons, forcing it into a ground attack role, meaning it could now penetrate some tanks of the 1939-1942 era. Today, the P-39 Airacobra can be found in the National Museum of the US Air Force and numerous other museums around the world.

=== In-game description ===
Bell's P-39 Airacobra was a WWII-era American fighter that was notable for its uncommon design: the engine was placed behind the cockpit, and the landing gear moved from the tail to the nose. The aircraft was adopted by five countries: USA, Britain, Soviet Union, Portugal and Australia.

The P-39N was the first variant to be mass produced, with the P-39N-0 getting a new V-1710-85(E19) engine and a 3-blade Aeroproducts propeller with a 3.15 meter diameter. Starting from aircraft #167, some fuel tanks were removed from the wings to reduce weight, and a connection for additional fuel tanks was installed under the hull. To further increase flight performance, Soviet engineers often removed the wing-mounted machine guns, leaving two nose machine guns and a cannon.

As this variant, Bell produced 2,095 aircraft. Most of these were sent to the Soviet Union on the US's Lend-Lease program. In November 1942, the USSR received the first Airacobras, and the fighters showed good results in battle maneuvers at low and moderate altitudes. Many famous Soviet aces — such as Pokrishkin Alexander Ivanovich, Rechkalov Gregory Andreevich, Gulaev Dmitry Nikolaevich and Kutakhov Pavel Stepanovich — piloted the Airacobras during WWII.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/314746-bell-p-39n-0/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Bell}}
{{USA fighters}}

P-39N-0

2021-10-06T00:47:05Z

U37468494: Numerous grammar and spelling corrections.

{{About
| about = American fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = P-39 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=p-39n
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_p-39n.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The primary purpose of a P-39 is that of a low-level interceptor. It lacks the high-altitude performance needed to engage strategic bombers or high-flying fighters, but is extremely competitive under 4,000m and easily one of the best, if not the best plane at its BR.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,048 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 613 || 593 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.9 || 19.9 || 10.5 || 10.5 || rowspan="2" | 280
|-
! Upgraded
| 680 || 641 || 17.8 || 18.0 || 21.2 || 14.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 426 || 396 || 241 || ~13 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 380 || < 450 || > 312
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,800 m || 1,125 hp || 1,446 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 15.87 mm Steel - Propeller hub
* 15.87 mm Steel - Plate in front of the cockpit
* 7 mm Steel - Plate over instrument cluster
* 6 mm Steel - Upper pilot's seat and headrest encasement
* 6 mm Steel - Rear tail
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
* 64 mm Bulletproof glass - Headrest of pilot's seat

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M4 (37 mm)|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm M4 cannon, nose-mounted (30 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)
* 4 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 1,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|M8}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 6 x M8 rockets
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb (500 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The P-39 Airacobra is an exceptional aircraft, American planes are known to be heavy, sluggish, slow turning aircraft with mediocre climb rates. Not this one though. With a turn time of 18.0 seconds and a climb rate of 14 m/s, this is a formidable opponent to even the most agile of aircraft. With a deadly arsenal consisting of 4 x 7.62 machine guns, 2 x 12.7 Brownings, and a 37 mm M1 cannon, firepower is not a reason to worry. With 3000 rounds for your six machine guns, and 30 rounds for the 37mm, ammo shouldn't bother you.

'''Stock Grind'''

The P-39 has a relatively easy stock grind as it's easy to fly and doesn't require "ace" skills to master it. Your first priority should be performance mods, as you have enough firepower and ammo, so shooting down planes should not be an issue. M8 rockets are relatively useless; only equip them if you have no other CAS options. They can be effective at destroying bombers in a diving attack though, albeit the 37mm should be enough.

'''Tactics: Air Realistic'''

Air realistic is where the Airacobra shines. It performs best as a Boom n Zoom fighter, due to its relatively solid rate of climb & energy retention. It doesn't turn the best, but can dance around lower-energy targets with flaps. Its engine power significantly decreases above 4 km, but it is fine to climb higher at the start of the match-just try not to fight people there, especially if they do perform well at altitude.

'''Tactics: Ground Realistic'''

Since you are unable to carry any serious ordnance, your role is air superiority. Get rid of light armoured vehicles with the rockets and strafe targets so the friendlies can see them. Deal with other fighters challenging your dominance and try to deal with bombers. Always try to keep the element of surprise on your side. However, overall, the A-36 is preferable over the P-39 in ground battles.

'''Enemies worth noting'''

'''Germans'''

You will commonly see Bf 109 Es and Fs, as well as 190 As. While Es are not as serious of a threat, the 109 Fs are due to their more powerful engines. Wait until they dive or you are at a higher energy state to engage them. As for 190s, their engines are rather underwhelming so doing vertical turns will easily stall them out. In an uptier however, you can do little against 109 F-4s.

'''Japanese'''

You will see A6M2s most often in the P-39. While they posses great manoeuvrability and firepower, they are very slow planes and the P-39 will easily outrun them as well as outclimb them.

'''British'''

Spitfires are very hard to deal with if inexperienced. Your best option is to bait them into vertical turns, where they will easily stall out, making them easy prey. Make sure not to stall out in front of their guns, and plan your ascent with that in mind. Early Typhoons are not much of a threat and can be dealt with easily.

'''Soviets'''

Yours scariest opponents are the La-series of aircraft. They turn relatively well and have good energy retention. It is best to fight them only when you have a decisive energy advantage. You will fight early Yak-9s as well, but they have anaemic engine performance above 2 km and poor armament.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Heavy armament & lots of ammo for MGs
* Great dive speed and acceleration
* Good roll rate
* Responsive
* Climbs well
* 3 flap options & the flaps deploy/retract quickly
* Decent stock grind
* Great energy retention
* Great stall control

'''Cons:'''

* Three different weapon trajectories make aiming difficult, although this is less of a problem if you are a proficient P-400 pilot
* Cannot fire the 2 MGs separately
* Compresses quite a lot, advisable to reduce throttle in a dive
* Cannot out-turn many opponents

== History ==


The P-39 Airacobra was a single-engine fighter used in the Pacific and Eastern fonts. The aircraft was produced 1940 – May 1944, and its first flight was 6 April 1938. The manufacturer of this aircraft was Bell Aircraft. As mentioned before in the introduction, this aircraft is great in low altitude combat, making it useful in naval battles for escorting torpedo bombers. The original idea for the Airacobra was a defensive interceptor which would protect American shores for the Axis powers. Destroying low flying torpedo and normal bombers was not a challenge for this aircraft as it could easily rip the wings and tail. The plane was originally sent to Britain, but was later sent back to the United States. The US then gave the P-39 Airacobra to the Australians and was used to patrol the northern shores of Australia. The aircraft was later fitted with bombs and more cannons, forcing it into a ground attack role, meaning it could now penetrate some tanks of the 1939-1942 era. Today, the P-39 Airacobra can be found in the National Museum of the US Air Force and numerous other museums around the world.

=== In-game description ===
Bell's P-39 Airacobra was a WWII-era American fighter that was notable for its uncommon design: the engine was placed behind the cockpit, and the landing gear moved from the tail to the nose. The aircraft was adopted by five countries: USA, Britain, Soviet Union, Portugal and Australia.

The P-39N was the first variant to be mass produced, with the P-39N-0 getting a new V-1710-85(E19) engine and a 3-blade Aeroproducts propeller with a 3.15 meter diameter. Starting from aircraft #167, some fuel tanks were removed from the wings to reduce weight, and a connection for additional fuel tanks was installed under the hull. To further increase flight performance, Soviet engineers often removed the wing-mounted machine guns, leaving two nose machine guns and a cannon.

As this variant, Bell produced 2,095 aircraft. Most of these were sent to the Soviet Union on the US's Lend-Lease program. In November 1942, the USSR received the first Airacobras, and the fighters showed good results in battle maneuvers at low and moderate altitudes. Many famous Soviet aces — such as Pokrishkin Alexander Ivanovich, Rechkalov Gregory Andreevich, Gulaev Dmitry Nikolaevich and Kutakhov Pavel Stepanovich — piloted the Airacobras during WWII.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/314746-bell-p-39n-0/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Bell}}
{{USA fighters}}

QJC88A (12.7 mm)

2021-08-20T06:03:24Z

U37468494: Added description, vehicles with this weapon, usage in battles, pros & cons, history, and media.

== Description ==
The QJC88A is a Chinese heavy machine gun used specifically on armored fighting vehicles. It boasts an excellent rate of fire, and decent penetration, as it fires the 12.7x108mm round seen on the Soviet [[DShK (12.7 mm)]], [[NSVT (12.7 mm)]], and [[6P50 (12.7 mm)]]. It is most commonly seen on main battle tanks higher up in the Chinese tree, and in real life, is used on many other vehicles, such as other main battle tanks and IFVs. Because it can elevate to a decent elevation, it can work as defense against a low flying helicopter or aircraft in a pinch. Against ground targets, it won't penetrate as much as the [[M2HB (12.7 mm)]], but can still pierce the armor of very light vehicles, such as anti-aircraft vehicles.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

* [[ZTZ96]]
* [[ZTZ96A]]
* [[ZTZ99]]
* [[PTZ89]]
* [[PTL02]]
* [[WMA301]]

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
Since the QJC88A fires a much larger round than the typical 7.62mm machine gun, can be elevated independent of the main gun, and boasts a high rate of fire, it can provide a surprisingly good air defense weapon at close range. It can also work well against very lightly armored AFVs from the side, notably anti-aircraft vehicles. It also works well to mark enemy targets, even if you can't penetrate, and clearing out bushes.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Decent rate of fire, superior to the M2HB
* Can elevate enough to be a threat to low flying aircraft
* Good belt capacity

*

'''Cons:'''

* Penetration is slightly inferior to the M2HB

*

== History ==
The W85 heavy machine gun was an attempt to design a new heavy machine gun for infantry use. The Type 77 heavy machine gun, then the current infantry heavy machine gun, had been designed to be lightweight, but did not perform as well as expected. This led to the W85, but the W85 lost out to the Type 85, an improved version of the Type 77. Years after the W85's rejection, however, it was readopted for use on a pintle mount on armored fighting vehicles, renamed the QJC88. This proved to be much more successful, and today it is used on many of the People's Liberation Army's vehicles, such as the ZTZ96 and ZTZ99 series of main battle tanks, as well as a number of other main battle tanks and AFVs. <ref>https://weaponsystems.net/system/412-Norinco+QJC88</ref>

== Media ==
[[File:ZTZ-96 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|none|thumb|372x372px|The QJC88A, seen on the ZTZ96, facing forward.]]

[[File:ZTZ-99 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|none|thumb|375x375px|The QJC88A mounted on the ZTZ99, using the same mount.]]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

File:QJC88A Belt.jpg

2021-08-20T05:30:07Z

U37468494:

The belt feeding the 12.7x108mm rounds into the QJC88A.

File:QJC88A Side.jpg

2021-08-20T05:27:59Z

U37468494:

The side of the QJC88A, mounted on the ZTZ99.

L7A3 (105 mm)

2021-05-18T05:32:49Z

U37468494: /* Comparison with analogues */

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_radpanzer_90}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|Germany}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_I}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_I_a1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_1a5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_c2_mexas}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_mkpz_m48a2ga2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_mkpz_super_m48}}
{{Navigation-Line|Japan}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_b1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_74}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_74_f}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_74_mod_g_kai}}
{{Navigation-Line|Italy}}{{Specs-Link|it_leopard_1a5}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==


The L7A3 shares many of its properties with the [[L7A1 (105 mm)|L7A1]] on British tanks, although it has access to a wider range of ammunition. Aside from the standard APDS and HESH rounds, the L7A3 is found to use HEATFS as well as a smoke shell. The L7A3 can be found either unstabilized or fully stabilized depending on the vehicle. Giving accurate fire at long ranges that can punch through even heavily armoured vehicles, the L7A3 is a highly capable weapon for the vehicles it is found on and will often face.

=== Available ammunition ===

{{notice|Not all ammunition listed is available on all vehicles equipped with this weapon.}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| DM13 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
| DM33 || APFSDS || 408 || 405 || 398 || 389 || 379 || 370
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M392A2 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 353 || 350 || 342 || 333 || 322 || 312
|-
| Type 75 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| Type 91 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| Type 93 || APFSDS || 405 || 403 || 396 || 388 || 378 || 370
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DM13 || APDS || 1,478 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DM33 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M392A2 || APDS || 1,478 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 1,501 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| Type 75 || HESH || 760 || 10.8 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 3,890 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| Type 91 || HEATFS || 1,150 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| Type 93 || APFSDS || 1,501 || 3.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===


* [[L7A1 (105 mm)|'''L7A1 (105 mm)''']]: The L7A1 is the British original version of the L7A3, and has identical performance with the exception that no HEATFS shell is available for the L7A1.
* [[M68 (105 mm)|'''M68 (105 mm)''']]: The M68 is the American production version of the L7, and so also shares identical performance for matching shells, although the Americans have added a smoke shell in the place of having smoke grenades on vehicles.
* [[D-10T2S (100 mm)|'''D-10T2S (100 mm)''']]: Unlike the standard D-10T found on the T-54, the D-10T2S uses a full stabilizer and has access to ammunition such as the 3BM25 which performs similarly to DM23 and M735 on the L7A3. However, the vehicles using the L7A3 reload faster than the T-55A (which uses the D-10T2S), although the T-55AM-1 does have a gun-launched ATGM which is not a feature found on the L7A3.
* [[OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)|'''OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)''']]: The OTO Melara 105/52 shares ammunition with the L7A3, and Italian vehicles using it such as the Centauro and OF-40 can reload as fast as the German and Japanese vehicles with the L7A3.
* [[CN-105-F1 (105 mm)|'''CN-105-F1 (105 mm)''']]: The CN-105-F1 has drastically limited ammunition available with only a single shell of each major type present, but the ammunition is just as good or better than that found on the L7A3 as the OFL 105 F1 has the edge in penetration over DM23, although the Japanese Type 93 is still the top ammunition choice.
* [[Type 83 (105 mm)|'''Type 83 (105 mm)''']]: The Type 83 is a Chinese produced variant of the famous British L7 gun. Its ammunition performs the same as every other L7 gun in game, however the ammunition has a different name in Chinese use. It is capable of firing all standard 105mm NATO rounds, and is very powerful, the Type 83 (DM23 equivalent) APFSDS round is capable of knocking out nearly anything it may go up against.
* [[ZPL94 (105 mm)|'''ZPL94 (105 mm)''']]: The ZPL94 is a Chinese variant of the L7, but is slightly longer, resulting in increased penetration.

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Wide selection of potent ammunition
* Excellent ballistic properties
* Quick reload
* many nations in the game use the L7, ensuring familiarity

'''Cons:'''

* APDS, APFSDS HESH and HEAT-FS lose their potency when facing vehicles equipped with ERA or composite armour

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank cannons}}
{{Japan tank cannons}}
{{Italy tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

L7A3 (105 mm)

2021-05-05T01:55:07Z

U37468494: Added Chinese 105mm gun information.

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Light tanks'''}}{{Specs-Link|germ_radpanzer_90}}

{{Navigation-Line|'''Medium tanks'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|Germany}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_I}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_I_a1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_1a5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_leopard_c2_mexas}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_mkpz_m48a2ga2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|germ_mkpz_super_m48}}
{{Navigation-Line|Japan}}{{Specs-Link|jp_st_b1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_74}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_74_f}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|jp_type_74_mod_g_kai}}
{{Navigation-Line|Italy}}{{Specs-Link|it_leopard_1a5}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==


The L7A3 shares many of its properties with the [[L7A1 (105 mm)|L7A1]] on British tanks, although it has access to a wider range of ammunition. Aside from the standard APDS and HESH rounds, the L7A3 is found to use HEATFS as well as a smoke shell. The L7A3 can be found either unstabilized or fully stabilized depending on the vehicle. Giving accurate fire at long ranges that can punch through even heavily armoured vehicles, the L7A3 is a highly capable weapon for the vehicles it is found on and will often face.

=== Available ammunition ===

{{notice|Not all ammunition listed is available on all vehicles equipped with this weapon.}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| DM13 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
| DM33 || APFSDS || 408 || 405 || 398 || 389 || 379 || 370
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M392A2 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 353 || 350 || 342 || 333 || 322 || 312
|-
| Type 75 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| Type 91 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| Type 93 || APFSDS || 405 || 403 || 396 || 388 || 378 || 370
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DM12 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DM13 || APDS || 1,478 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| DM23 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DM33 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DM502 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M392A2 || APDS || 1,478 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M735 || APFSDS || 1,501 || 3.7 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| Type 75 || HESH || 760 || 10.8 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 3,890 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| Type 91 || HEATFS || 1,150 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| Type 93 || APFSDS || 1,501 || 3.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===


* [[L7A1 (105 mm)|'''L7A1 (105 mm)''']]: The L7A1 is the British original version of the L7A3, and has identical performance with the exception that no HEATFS shell is available for the L7A1.
* [[M68 (105 mm)|'''M68 (105 mm)''']]: The M68 is the American production version of the L7, and so also shares identical performance for matching shells, although the Americans have added a smoke shell in the place of having smoke grenades on vehicles.
* [[D-10T2S (100 mm)|'''D-10T2S (100 mm)''']]: Unlike the standard D-10T found on the T-54, the D-10T2S uses a full stabilizer and has access to ammunition such as the 3BM25 which performs similarly to DM23 and M735 on the L7A3. However, the vehicles using the L7A3 reload faster than the T-55A (which uses the D-10T2S), although the T-55AM-1 does have a gun-launched ATGM which is not a feature found on the L7A3.
* [[OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)|'''OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)''']]: The OTO Melara 105/52 shares ammunition with the L7A3, and Italian vehicles using it such as the Centauro and OF-40 can reload as fast as the German and Japanese vehicles with the L7A3.
* [[CN-105-F1 (105 mm)|'''CN-105-F1 (105 mm)''']]: The CN-105-F1 has drastically limited ammunition available with only a single shell of each major type present, but the ammunition is just as good or better than that found on the L7A3 as the OFL 105 F1 has the edge in penetration over DM23, although the Japanese Type 93 is still the top ammunition choice.
* [[Type 83 (105 mm)|'''Type 83 (105 mm)''']]: The Type 83 is a Chinese produced variant of the famous British L7 gun. Its ammunition performs the same as every other L7 gun in game, however the ammunition has a different name in Chinese use. It is capable of firing all standard 105mm NATO rounds, and is very powerful, the Type 83 (DM23 equivalent) APFSDS round capable of knocking out nearly anything it may go up against.
* [[ZPL94 (105 mm)|'''ZPL94 (105 mm)''']]: The ZPL94 is a Chinese variant of the L7, but is slightly longer, resulting in increased penetration.

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Wide selection of potent ammunition
* Excellent ballistic properties
* Quick reload
* many nations in the game use the L7, ensuring familiarity

'''Cons:'''

* APDS, APFSDS HESH and HEAT-FS lose their potency when facing vehicles equipped with ERA or composite armour

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany tank cannons}}
{{Japan tank cannons}}
{{Italy tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

PTZ89

2020-11-18T05:31:52Z

U37468494: Added history, shell details, pros & cons, and module information.

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_ptz_89}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|PTZ89 (120 mm)}}
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PTZ89 (120 mm)|120 mm PTZ89]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DYW1 || APFSDS || 443 || 442 || 436 || 429 || 422 || 416
|-
| DYS120 || HE || 30 || 30 || 30 || 30 || 30 || 30
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DYW1 || APFSDS || 1740 || 4.45 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DYS120 || HE || 900 || 19.5 || __ || 0.1 || 2.45 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''30''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|QJC88A (12.7 mm)}}
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QJC88A (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJC88A]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Turret Drive
|
|-
| II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|
|-
| III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|Smoke Grenades
|Laser Rangefinder
|NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 120mm smoothbore gun
* Stock APFSDS
* 5 second reload for the first few rounds
* Has a stabilizer
* 12.7mm machine gun can help against low flying aircraft somewhat
* DYW1 APFSDS round has a high muzzle velocity and excellent penetration
* Has smoke grenades

*

'''Cons:'''

* Very weak armor, vulnerable to heavy machine gun fire from the side
* Mobility can be lacking
* Somewhat slow turret traverse
* No thermal imaging

*

== History ==

During the 1970s, new tanks like the T-64 and T-72 were entering service in the Soviet Union, and with tensions between China and the Soviet Union still being tense, China needed a gun capable of defeating these tanks. The problem was, their primary tank was still the Type 59, a Chinese version of the T-54 tank, still armed with a 100mm rifled gun. During this period, China tried to turn to Rheinmetall for their new 120mm L/44 smoothbore gun, but this was rejected. The Chinese decided to develop their own gun, using technology and knowledge from the T-62 they had captured at Zhenbao Island.

In 1979, three versions of the gun were completed, with an estimated 1,000 APFSDS rounds fired. In February of that year, gun design 82-2 penetrated 204mm/68 degree armour at a speed of 1,646m/s. In 1981, the basic design was completed, with gun design 82-14 being chosen for the new 120mm smoothbore gun. This could fire an APFSDS projectile at 1,700m/s penetrating 204mm of armor at a 68 degree angle.

Following this, the gun was put in a turret on the Type 321 utility tracked chassis that would be used on other vehicles such as the PHZ-89 or PGZ-09. The vehicle would be demonstrated in 1985 in Nankou, Beijing, with more tests being conducted until late 1988, when it finally began initial production. It first entered service in 1989, and by the time it was retired, around 100 had been produced. It retired in November, 2015, when the 39th Army Group held an official retirement ceremony for the vehicle.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China tank destroyers}}

Hawk III

2020-11-11T14:33:48Z

U37468494: /* History */

{{Specs-Card|code=hawk_iii}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]]. Players should note that the Hawk III's landing gear takes an extremely long time to retract and lower, so when landing, you should lower the landing gear well before you think you should.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,850 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| ??? || ??? || {{Specs|ceiling}} || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || ??.? || 274
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,850 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
|466||444|| {{Specs|ceiling}} ||13.0||13.3||19.3||15.2|| 274
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || X
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || N/A || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 240 || < 220 || < 400 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,926 m || 745 hp || 856 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

The Hawk III does not have any armour, and the pilot is exposed. There is one large fuel tank located in front of the pilot.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, -mounted (600 rpg = 1,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M30A1 (100 lb)|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (400 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb + 4 x 100 lb AN-M30A1 bombs (900 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| Mk.41
|-
| III
|
| Engine
|
| New 7 mm MGs
|
|-
| IV
| Wings repair
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
|
|-
! colspan="6" |This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Large payload, good for destroying bases and ground targets
* Good maneuverability and speed when unladen

'''Cons:'''

* Armament is rather light
* Slightly lower payload weight than the equally ranked [[Hs 123 A-1 (China)| Hs 123 A-1]]
* Landing gear takes a long time to lower

== History ==


The Hawk III, a modification of the US Navy BF2C-1 by Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, addressed issues that was experienced during the latter's service. With a new Wright R-1820-F53 engine Cyclone engine and wooden wings (to fix a vibration issue with the metal wings of the BF2C-1), the Hawk III managed to be more flyable than its preceding design.

With the US Navy's soured experience with the BF2C-1, the Hawk III saw more sales in the export model. Argentina, Thailand, and China bought Hawk IIIs in the late 1930s. China alone bought 102 Hawk III planes from the United States between March 1936 to June 1938.

In the Sino-Japanese War, the Hawk III planes acted as the Chinese front-line fighters against Japanese aircraft. While able to stand against Japanese biplane models, the appearance of monoplanes like the [[A5M4|A5M]] shifted the balance towards the Japanese. As such, the Hawk III was slowly replaced by Soviet [[I-15bis (China)|I-15]] and [[I-16 Chung 28|I-16]] fighter planes.

The last surviving Hawk III aircraft resides in Thailand at the Royal Thai Air Force Museum.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://www.airliners.net/photo/Thailand-Air-Force/Curtiss-Hawk-III/392600 [<nowiki>airliners.net]</nowiki> Curtiss Hawk III - The only Hawk III fighter left in the world pictured in Thailand]

{{AirManufacturer Curtiss}}
{{China fighters}}
{{China premium aircraft}}

Type 83 (105 mm)

2020-09-19T08:48:59Z

U37468494: Added description.

== Description ==
The Type 83 is a Chinese produced variant of the famous British L7 gun. Its ammunition performs the same as every other L7 gun in game, however the ammunition has a different name in Chinese use. It is capable of firing all standard 105mm NATO rounds, and is very powerful, the Type 83 (DM23 equivalent) APFSDS round capable of knocking out nearly anything it may go up against.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|cn_type_59d}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China tank cannons}}

[[Category:Tank cannons]]

Type 86 (7.62 mm)

2020-09-19T08:44:26Z

U37468494: /* Description */

== Description ==
The Type 86 is a Chinese 7.62mm coaxial machine gun found in many modern day People's Liberation Army vehicles. In game, it performs similarly to the PKT in rate of fire, ballistics, and general performance.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_96}}
* {{Specs-Link|cn_ztz_96a}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
The Type 86 is modified version of the 7.62mm Type 80 machine gun for use in armored vehicles. The original Type 80 machine gun design found its origins with the PKM design captured from Vietnamese troops during the Sino-Vietnamese War. Following this, it was studied, copied, and nearly replaced the Type 67 GPMG, before it was decided to keep the Type 67 in use. All the same, it entered production, and service, in 1983, and is used on many modern People's Liberation Army tanks and armored vehicles.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Tank machine guns}}

[[Category:Tank machine guns]]

Thach's F2A-1

2020-08-28T20:19:51Z

U37468494: Corrected spelling.

{{Specs-Card
|code=f2a-1_thach
|cockpit=cockpit_f2a-1_thach.jpg
}}
{{About
| about = premium American fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = F2A (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Thachs_F2A-1.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} American fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.31]]. It costs 400 GE. The plane is painted after the camouflage scheme of American pilot John Thach in the U.S. Navy, who was famous for the "Thach Weave" manoeuvre.

The Brewster F2A Buffalo was the first carrier based monoplane of the US fleet, made to replace the outdated biplanes in service with the US Navy. It had a 950 horsepower engine and two machine guns on the nose of different calibre. Many Countries, including the Finnish Air Force which was highly successful with the buffalo, ordered the Buffalo. By the time WWII started and the attack of pearl harbor, the F2A was outclassed by the Japanese [[A6M2|A6M2]] and [[Ki-43-I|Ki-43s]].

The F2A-1 is a competitive machine, if using the proper tactic versus the proper enemy. The "Buffalo", as it is sometimes referred to as, can outrun biplanes and can out-turn most monoplanes. Its only draw back is low ammo count and unreliable armament, however its performance easily makes up for the lack in armament. As said before this plane will get a pilot used to the American style of aircraft of Boom & Zoom along with the particulars of .50 calibre machine guns usage.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,600 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 479 || 468 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.1 || 19.4 || 7.4 || 7.4 || rowspan="2" | 250
|-
! Upgraded
| 527 || 504 || 17.4 || 18.2 || 14.8 || 10.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 460 || 460 || 260 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 405 || < 400 || < 380 || > 306
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,800 m || 860 hp || 963 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,650 m || 760 hp || 851 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* No armour
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in each wing)

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (250 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (400 rpg = 800 total)
* 1 x 7.62 mm Browning machine gun, nose-mounted (450 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The best way to fly this aircraft would be as a Boom & Zoom or ''energy fighter''; it can outrun most aircraft it faces, unless it is uptiered and faces something like the [[Bf 109 F-1]]. In such a scenario the best way to destroy more advanced vehicles is through boom and zoom tactics.

In '''Arcade''', there is no need to worry about ammo count as much as in Realistic Battles (RB) and Simulator (SB) since the planes can reload in the air. The target-lead indicator, which shows approximately where there enemy plane will when when the bullets reach the target, also eases with aiming. For arcade, the ammo belts are really useful, it is suggested to use Omni purpose ammo for the .50 calibre (12.7 mm) machine gun and stealth for the .30 cal (7.62 mm) machine gun, however another option is to try going all stealth so the F2A can surprise the enemy with bullets they can't see. There are a variety of enemy planes that the F2A-1 faces, ranging from biplanes to low rank monoplanes. In the common low rank arcade battle we get fur-balls going on at low altitude with planes trying to get on each other's tail, a perfect set up for a Boom & Zoomer like the Buffalo, first set the attack angle, which could be from directly above the enemy that is targeted, or from behind (it should be priority to target enemy planes that are chasing friendly planes or for a dangerous threat like, [[MiG-3-15|MiG-3s]], [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3s]], [[Hurricane Mk I/L|Hurricane]], [[Bf 109 B-1/L|Bf 109s]] or another Buffalo). Once the F2A is nearing towards the enemy plane, know what type of enemy they are, depending on what plane they are flying, is what determines what to do after an attack run. Lets say with a dive on an enemy, but the attack didn't destroy them on the first pass, if the enemy was a biplane, then keep up the speed and vacant the area, and set up another pass. If the enemy was a monoplane in the same situation, the F2A can choose to either clear the area, or turn onto their tail, but it is advisable to leave the area and look and see if the enemy noticed the attacking F2A, if he didn't and he is chasing a friendly or going for ground targets then latch on to his tail and shoot him down!

In '''Realistic Battles & Simulator Battles''', most of the tactics against fighters would be the same as in arcade, only with a few restrictions.

# Do not dive too fast, or the F2A wont be able to pull up or the plane's wings will break.
# No Enemy-Lead indicator, pilot skill and intuition will have to guess where the enemy plane will be when the bullets reach the targets.
# Very limited ammo, on top of that the armament isn't reliable outside of 400 meters.

So how does one play this in RB with all these drawbacks? A few very simple things will help with those problems, at the beginning of the match in RB, climb at about a 15 degree angle until about 3,000-4,000 m in altitude. When an enemy is spotted, if a biplane the F2A will have to take up a Boom & Zoom tactic, do not attempt to turn fight. If the enemy is a monoplane, turnfighting can be a valid tactic; unless they are the British Hurricane or Japanese [[A5M4|A5M]] (not to confuse with [[A6M2|A6M]] much superior to the Buffalo) or [[Ki-43-I|Ki-43]], then do not turn fight these monoplanes. For the most part, Russian monoplanes are safe to turn fight ([[I-16_type_5|I-16s]], late [[I-16_type_24|I-16s]], MiG-3 and LaGG-3s). When diving on an enemy, put the throttle to 0% so the F2A does not accelerate too fast. If a shot can't be gained on the enemy, pull out by putting throttle at 100% and point the nose up to gain altitude. Once on the tail of an enemy, no matter the plane, open fire only at close ranges, firing at 300 meters or less would help conserve the ammo and there won't have to lead as much, therefore easier to aim and make each shot more effective.

This can apply to all three game-modes: When someone is on the F2A tail and bullets fly past the plane, with the right altitude, make a short steep dive. With that little dive, it can dodge enemies bullets and it gives an opportunity to take a look back at the offending enemy. If the aircraft is a biplane, continue the dive and get out of range of their guns. If it is a monoplane, attempt to turn fight, but the F2A is still effective in diving away from even faster monoplanes, which will be effective against manoeuvrable monoplanes like the Hurricane and A5M4. Learning the gun sounds also helps, sometimes the sound will help identify the enemy plane so as to make a move more instinctively.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
! colspan="5" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

* The "Mark of distinction" can be earned, allowing for usage of four decals without needing a premium account.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great dive speed
* Great vertical and horizontal energy retention
* Good armament for its rank
* Good top speed
* Good turning circle and speed not a turn-fighter though
* Can land on a carriers
* Powerful .50 calibre machine guns
* Great acceleration (at take-off and on the deck up to ~250 mph)

'''Cons:'''

* Low ammo count (can be conserved by firing at close range)
* The telescopic sight is a bit of an annoyance in Simulator battles, as these have to be used when zoomed in

== History ==

The Brewster F2A-1 buffalo was designed to replace the Grumman F3F biplane fighter. In a competition between the Grumman XF4F1 and the XF2A-1(the P-35 lost early on), the XF2A-1 won as it was more advanced than the Grumman aircraft, so it went into production as F2A-1.

Although the F2A buffalo fought only a few battles with the US Military, it fought important ones. In the battle of Midway, it was one of the main fighter planes of the US fleet (the other being the F4F Wildcat), it played an important role(along with the other planes)in the battle of Midway, and showed that the F2A and F4F were no match to the A6M, which were soon replaced by the more advanced F6F and F4U Corsair.

Many nations acquired the F2A in their air forces, the most successful country with the type was Finland. From January to February 1940, the Finns received their F2A-1s (Designated B239), in total they received 44 Buffalos. During the Continuation War the Finnish Air Force was highly successful with the type, they developed tactics that the Russians couldn't counter. One tactic they used was baiting, where 2 Buffalos are low and act as bait, as 2 others dive on attacking enemy planes. In the Continuation War, Squadron 24 of Finland, some sources state, had a victory ratio of 26. Buffalos of 24 squadron claimed 477 confirmed kills to 15 Buffalos destroyed.

=== In-game description ===
The Brewster F2A Buffalo was the first carrier-based monoplane fighter in service with the American Navy. The aircraft had an all-metal construction, with the exception of its control surfaces, which were covered with cloth.

This aircraft has 1393 as its serial number, and 3-F-13 as its tail number. The fuselage shows Felix the Cat with a bomb, the symbol of the VF-3 (Fighter Squadron 3) of the US Navy, which was based on the aircraft carrier USS Saratoga (CV-3).

It was flown by John Smith Thach, an American ace who scored six air victories. However, his most significant achievement was to develop the aerial combat tactic known as the Thach Weave, in which two planes (or two pairs of them) flying in one line acted as the "bait" and the "hook": as soon as an enemy attacked the bait, the pairs turned in towards each other, and after crossing paths, and once the distance between them was great enough, they would again turn in towards each other, and the enemy plane, following on the bait's tail, would end up right in front of the hook's nose.

Thach's tactic was first tested in combat during the Battle of Midway, where it proved to be quite effective. Soon enough, it was being used everywhere.

By the end of the war, Thach was appointed Operations Officer to Vice Admiral John McCain, and he was also present on board the battleship USS Missouri (BB-63) when the Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed.

John Thach was awarded with the Navy Cross (US) with a gold star, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal (US) with a gold star, the Silver Star (US), and the Legion of Merit with a Combat "V" and a gold star. He retired from the US Navy as an Admiral.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|aBGRGu-o9us|'''The Shooting Range #3''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:06 discusses the F2A.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Brewster}}
{{USA fighters}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}