War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Chi-He

2022-06-08T15:26:45Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the premium version
| link = Chi-He (5th Regiment)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_type_1_chi_he
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ({{Annotation|一式中戦車「チへ」|Ichi-Shiki Chū-Sensha [Chi-He]}}) is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]] along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces Tree. Featuring a better armour, slightly better mobility with the same [[Type 1 (47 mm)|47 mm Type 1]] gun as its [[Chi-Ha Kai|Chi-Ha Kai]] predecessor, the Chi-He is an enjoyable tank to play in the early ranks of the game.

This tank is the middle-range Japanese traditional design: there is no surprise but it gets just a bit better every time, as does the enemy. Do not change tactics and play just like with earlier vehicles: stick to allies and use mobility to get to the point with other fast vehicles. Use its good gun depression to hide behind hills and snipe enemies. With its good reverse speed, it can easily get out of nasty situations or hide quickly.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

There is nothing impressive here in terms of armour, the Chi-He features 50 mm, poorly angled, frontal armour. This is not the kind of plate that can take any punishment at the battle-rating, it will only bounce poorly aimed shots. The five-man crew inside makes the tank very survivable, leaving some room for mistakes. Side armour is vulnerable to heavy machine gun and auto-cannon fire, so beware flanking fast tanks.

'''Armour Type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Machine gun ports)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50 mm (15°) ''Front plate'' 12 mm (76°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (20°) ''Joint plate'' 8.5 mm (65°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 mm (15-30°) ''Top'' 25 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm (0-20°) ''Top'' 8.5 mm (63°) ''Bottom'' || 12 mm
|-
| Turret || 25 + 25 mm (10°) ''Turret front'' 50 mm (0-10°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (10°) || 25 mm ''Turret rear'' 50 mm (0-57°) ''Machine gun port'' || 12 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 50 mm || 12 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels both 15 mm thick
* Tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Front of turret has bolted on 25 mm armor to total up to 50 mm thick as the rest of the front.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=372|rbMinHp=212}}

This is one of the main feature of the Chi-He, it enables it to do anything a commander want with it. Want to be first on the spot? With some skill/luck, the Chi-He can! Want to flank? follow other light tanks in the move, provide them with enhanced firepower! The enemy team is coming over? Hit the gas (in a rearward position) and fire while retreating.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type 1 (47 mm)}}

Comparatively to other light/medium tanks at this battle-rating, the 47 mm Type 1 gun is quite surprising with 77 mm of penetration at point-blank range and has a good reload speed. Plus, this fires APHE shells, which do great post-penetration damage. Comparatively, the [[20-K (45 mm)]] gun on Russian BR 1.0-2.7 tanks has only 62 mm of penetration in similar conditions. A top-mounted MG is really useful when dealing with unarmored SPG and SPAA one might encounter at the battle-rating.

One thing to keep in mind compared to [[Chi-Ha Kai]] is that it still retains the same hand-cranked turret with additional 25 mm plates to improve the frontal armor to a max of 50 mm. This however slows down the turret rotations speeds due the added weight.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 1 (47 mm)|47 mm Type 1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 13.33 || 18.45 || 22.40 || 24.77 || 26.35 || rowspan="2" | 4.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.80 || rowspan="2" | 3.50 || rowspan="2" | 3.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.33 || 9.80 || 11.90 || 13.16 || 14.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 77 || 75 || 67 || 58 || 50 || 44
|-
| Type 1 HE || HE || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 808 || 1.49 || 1.2 || 9 || 22.4 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Type 1 HE || HE || 822 || 1.4 || 2 || 0.1 || 85.26 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''120''' || 91 ''(+29)'' || 76 ''(+44)'' || 73 ''(+47)'' || 62 ''(+58)'' || 51 ''(+69)'' || 40 ''(+80)'' || 29 ''(+91)'' || 21 ''(+99)'' || 15 ''(+105)'' || 9 ''(+111)'' || 1 ''(+119)'' || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

Turret empty: 73 ''(+47)''

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 97 (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Hull || 3,000 (20) || 499 || ±10° || ±15°
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (20) || 499 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


As the successor of the Chi-Ha, the Chi-He has a redesigned hull with thicker armor, a more powerful engine and an up-armored turret from the Chi-Ha Kai, so the front is overall at 50 mm effective. This will result in a very similar play style as the Chi-Ha Kai with the added benefits of being an upgrade.

Unlike the [[Chi-Ha Kai|Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai]], the Type 1 Chi-He has some more armor and a stronger engine to rely on and it is able to brawl on its own with the fast fire rate. But as previously mentioned on [[Chi-He#Main armament|Main armament]], the Chi-He retains the same hand-cranked turret with additional armor, slowing down the already mediocre turning time by a slight amount.

Literally on top of armor and engine upgrades, the Chi-He gets an additional pintle point anti-aircraft machine gun, even though the [[Type 97 tank (7.7 mm)|Type 97 7.7 mm]] has a low clip capacity, it can prove useful for pinning enemy units and even getting hits to down enemy planes.

The best practice for the Chi-He (and other WWII-era Japanese tanks) is to always point forward, the front armor has pre-angled sides, so angling only hurts your pre-angles and weaker side armor. It's not worth trying to get more out of the 50 mm frontal effective protection.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* B1 bis / ter: the B1 can easily destroy the Chi-Ha when using both of its guns, but when angling only the 47mm gun is available, meaning that the Chi-Ha can take some more hits. It is very hard to destroy the Char B1 from a distance, so get as close as possible with the ideal range being no more than 300m. Aim at their flat hull side, turret side, hull cannon mount or the driving compartment (the near-vertical frontal armor right below the turret). Upon penetrating, the Chi-Ha's 47mm APHE can knock out several crews, and your quick reload allows you to finish the rest off in time. However if the B1 has folded armor plates on their hull sides then it is a B1 ter, avoid shooting at its sides.
* [[M4A3 (105)]]: This low-rank Sherman posts a huge threat to every of its opponents due to its superior armor and destructive firepower. Its armor is overall quite tough to penetrate with your small 47mm gun, but it can be solved by careful aiming. If the M4 is within 200m, shoot at the vertical part of its gun mantlet or its side if exposed. One penetration might not kill all the crew, however two are generally enough. If it's up close and hull down, try shooting at its gun barrel to disarm it, but one shot is not guaranteed to destroy the barrel. When the M4 is further than 400m away, all of your shells will perform poorly at penetrating its armor, so disengage or wait until it gets closer. Remember to not get hit by it, its HEAT is able to knock the Chi-He out with ease.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Full frontal 50mm protection offers great protection against autocannons and weaker guns at a distance
* Small size, can use certain spots most tanks can't
* 15 degrees of gun depression allows it to take many powerful hull down positions
* Gun is versatile with serviceable penetration, consistent damage, good velocity and a high rate of fire
* Quite mobile, thanks to upgraded engine

'''Cons:'''

* Due to small size the tank can often by one shotted, even by relatively weak rounds.
* Gun can struggle to penetrate most tanks in an uptier
* Lacks co-axial machine gun, it's machine guns are also weak, leaving it vulnerable to open top vehicles
* Armour isn't as reliable as it was on the Ho-I due to higher BR

== History ==

{{main|Chi-He (Family)|l1=History of the Type 1 Chi-He}}
===Development===
The Imperial Japanese Army's main tank, the [[Chi-Ha|Type 97 Chi-Ha]], was becoming rather outdated by the turn of the decade in 1940. The 30 mm front plate armour was vulnerable to standard anti-tank weaponry and the riveted design post a hazard to the tank crew by spalling. In 1941, work began on modernizing the design up to new industrial standards.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref>

The first step in the modernizing design was to go towards a welded design rather than rivveted. The front glacis plate was also simplified into a large flat 50 mm armour plate rather than the curved one. The increased armour meant an increased weight, so the Japanese added the improved Type 100 diesel engine, capable of pumping out 240 hp to propel the tank. This new tank was accepted as the '''Type 1 Chi-He'''.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref>

During the tank's preparation for mass-production, a request by the commander of the 7th Tank Regiment calling for an improved armament on the Type 97 Chi-Ha was received by the Mitsubishi factory. With the Type 1 Chi-He still needing time to enter production levels, let alone the resources needed to manufacture completely new tanks, it was placed on hold and priority was placed on improving the Type 97. This lead to the cheaper method of adapting the Type 97 to using the Type 1 turret with the 47 mm cannon, producing to the [[Chi-Ha Kai|Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai]]. This delayed the mass-production of the Type 1 Chi-He until February 1944, resulting in only 170 tanks produced before the end of the war.<ref name="ZalogaChiHavsSherman">Zaloga Steven. ''M4 Sherman vs Type 97 Chi-Ha: The Pacific 1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2012</ref>

===Combat usage===
Despite its relatively early production life over late-war Japanese tanks and its improved characteristics, the Type 1 Chi-He would see its combat life held in reserves in the Japanese home islands. They would never see use in the battlefield before Japan surrendered in August 1945.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_type_1_chi_he Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|4_cJ1CpEatw|'''Best gun depression''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:33 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==

;[[Chi-He (Family)|Related Development]]

* [[Chi-Ha (Family)]] - (Predecessor)
** [[Chi-Ha Kai]]
* [[Ho-I]] - (Gun tank variant)
* [[Ka-Chi]] - (Amphibious variant)

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Panzer III (Family)]] - (Early models)
* [[LT-38 (Family)]]
* [[M15/42]]
* [[Lago I]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4349-development-type-1-chi-he-an-updated-classic-en/|[Devblog] Type 1 Chi-He – An Updated Classic]]
* [[wikipedia:Type_1_Chi-He_medium_tank|[Wikipedia] Type 1 Chi-He medium tank]]

===References===
<references />

{{Japan medium tanks}}

Olifant Mk.1A

2022-05-24T17:52:14Z

U37005499: /* Usage in battles */

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Olifant Mk.2
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_olifant_mk_1a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

The Olifant is an early South African modification of the legendary Centurion tank. The vehicle received an increase in firepower and mobility from the earlier British series, to match the needs of extended cruising capabilities and long-distance skirmishes within the dusty and heated African environment.

Fitted with a GT-3 cannon, the Olifant should be as persuasive as most NATO counterparts, due to the GT-3 being a variant of the popular British-made Royal Ordnance L7 gun. On the weak side, the armour layout can be described as obsolete against HEAT and APFSDS, which are quite common at Olifant's rank. This lack of armour simultaneously with a notable slow turret traverse and below average top speed, commits the Olifant to use distance, uneven grounds and marksmanship skills to endure the battles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,162|rbMinHp=663}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|GT-3 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[GT-3 (105 mm)|105 mm GT-3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 72 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 11.4 || 15.8 || 19.2 || 21.2 || 22.6 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10.2 || 11.3 || 12.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M156 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M156 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.1 || 4 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''72''' || 66 ''(+6)'' || 61 ''(+11)'' || 58 ''(+14)'' || 54 ''(+18)'' || 46 ''(+26)'' || 32 ''(+40)'' || 8 ''(+64)'' || 1 ''(+71)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Rack 8 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 7 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 8 - 1 - 2 - etc. until 7.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 7 into rack 8. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+50° || ±180°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Olifant Mk.1A is in most cases relegated into a support role as it lacks the armour to brawl or the mobility to flank, you should aim to get into a good position early in the game and use your better than average firepower to pick off hard targets. However, the tank can still do competently in most situations thanks to it's powerful APFSDS shell.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Strong and accurate APFSDS & HEATs; similar ballistics to guns found on [[Rooikat MTTD]] and the [[Rooikat 105]]
* Laser rangefinder and NVD for long-range/night operations + bonus of smoke screen and smoke shells
* Excellent gun elevation and depression angles (-10°, +20°)
* The machine gun area on the turret can bounce some carelessly aimed shells
* Fuel tanks in the front and rear may protect the engine, crew and the ammo racks from HEAT shells
* Acceleration is adequate once fully spaded; keeping similar instant mobility to the [[Centurion Mk 3]] or [[Centurion Mk.5/1]]

'''Cons:'''

* Very poor turret traverse, quick target acquisition is hard without steering the hull
* Poor stock acceleration and top speed, compared to other MBTs at the BR; even inferior to the [[Chieftain Mk 5]] when spaded
* APFSDS is a tier 4 modification: early module research must be done with the more unreliable HEAT shells
* Obsolete armour for the rank: unreliable against most APFSDS or HEAT rounds even with small calibre guns
* The ammo rack to the right of the driver is a major weak spot
* The engine roof is a weak spot for aircraft with large-calibre cannons

== History ==

=== Predecessor: Olifant Mk.1 ===
The Olifant Mk.1 was a South African conversion of Centurion Mk.3 tanks to a modified standard. Conversions began in 1979 and lasted until 1984; a total of 153 Olifant Mk.1s were converted from Centurion Mk.3s. Not long after the Olifant Mk.1 entered production, T-55 tanks were obtained and tested which revealed flaws in the Olifant Mk.1 by comparison. Fortunately for the SADF, an upgrade of the Olifant Mk.1 was already under development.

=== Olifant Mk.1A ===
The Olifant Mk.1A was an upgrade for the Olifant Mk.1 that began development in 1981. The main features were a new, fully stabilized 105 mm GT3B main gun, a new fire control system, and other improvements.

'''Design'''

'''General'''

The Olifant Mk.1A has a crew of four, the driver in the hull and the commander, gunner, and loader in the turret. It maintains the base of the Centurion but with overhauls in most important aspects such as mobility and firepower.

'''Mobility'''

The Horstman suspension of the Centurion was retained on the Mk.1A, having never been changed on the Olifant Mk.1 or Mk.1A. Propulsion was provided by a Continental 29-litre turbo charged air cooled radial V12 engine, which could produce 750 horsepower. In order to prevent the dust from the environment from interfering with the engine's operation, new dust filters were added. Additionally, a new rail system was implemented that allowed the engine to be replaced in only thirty minutes with a crane. A new transmission was fitted with two forward and one reverse gear. The Olifant Mk.1A had a horsepower to ton ratio of 13.39 hp/t and could achieve a maximum speed of 45 km/h.

The fuel supply was increased from 458 litres to 1,240 litres, allowing the range of the Olifant Mk.1A to increase to 350 km at the maximum (the Centurion Mk.5 could only travel 190 km maximum). The reliability and ease of maintenance took precedence on the Olifant Mk.1A, reducing the amount of maintenance that needed to be done overall.

'''Armament'''

The main armament of the Olifant Mk.1A was a 105 mm L7 or GT3B rifled cannon, which was fully stabilized. The ammunition initially consisted of the L52A3 APDS, M456 HEAT and M156 HEAT rounds. In the mid-1980s, M111 APFSDS rounds were acquired for use on the Olifant Mk.1A as the primary anti-tank ammunition. The ammunition stowage was redesigned and as such the total amount of 105 mm ammunition was increased from 64 to 72 rounds.

The turret rotation and gun elevation mechanisms were replaced with an improved electrical model. Also, the main gun was fully stabilized. A new fire control system (FCS) was fitted. The gunner's 6x zoom sight was replaced with an Eloptro 8x zoom sight which included a laser rangefinder.

Secondary armament consisted of a coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and a pintle-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun on the commander's cupola. At least 5,600 rounds of 7.62 mm ammunition were provided.

'''Protection'''

The Olifant Mk.1A retained the armour of the Centurion Mk 3. Needless to say, the Olifant Mk.1A was incredibly vulnerable to the T-54/55 and T-62 tanks it would face in combat, and also to RPG-7 infantry anti-tank weapons. The Olifant Mk.1A had two banks of four smoke grenades each mounted on each side of the turret for a total of eight launchers.

'''Production and Service'''

'''Production'''

The Olifant Mk.1A entered production in 1983 and entered service with the SADF in 1985. A total of 153 Olifant Mk.1As were converted from Olifant Mk.1s by the late 1980s and it was only adopted by South Africa.

'''Service'''

The first combat deployment of the Olifant Mk.1A was during the South African Border War which consisted of Operations Modular, Packer, and Hooper from 1987-1988. During these operations, South Africa came to the aid of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) who were at risk of destruction by the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (FAPLA), who were supported by Cuba and the Soviet Union (USSR).

Eight brigades and an auxiliary support force of the FAPLA (along with Soviet advisors) moved from Cuito Cuanavale to attack the UNITA forces at Jamba and Mavinga. The SADF sent Olifant Mk.1 and Mk.1A tanks in two squadrons - of 11 tanks and two command tanks each - to Angola to reinforce the Ratel 90 armoured cars that made up the rest of the anti-armour materiel there. During the conflict, Olifants and Ratel 90s faced off against 150 FAPLA T-54 and T-55 main battle tanks (MBTs) in a large-scale conventional war fought at incredibly close ranges of only 50 to 150 meters.

The Olifant Mk.1A saw its first combat with E-Squadron during Operation Modular in 1987. During that operation the tank crews preferred to load HEAT rounds rather than APFSDS rounds because HEAT rounds are effective against light and heavy armoured targets, though they could detonate prematurely upon contact with the brush. Additionally, HEAT rounds made a more noticeable visual indication of a hit on an enemy tank, and there was also a fear that APFSDS rounds would ricochet off of trees. Due to the thick brush, tank engagements occurred at very close ranges due to reduced visibility.

The first knock out of a FAPLA tank by an Olifant occurred during the Battle of Chambinga against the FAPLA 16th Brigade during Operation Modular, with a kill credited first to Lt. Hein Fourie's Olifant on 9 November 1987 followed by another credited to Lt. Abrie Strauss' Olifant.

The SADF began Operation Hooper on 2 January 1988, with F-Squadron under the command of Major Tim Rudman taking the offensive against the FAPLA 21st Brigade which was holding at the River Cuatir. During the operation, Cuban forces counterattacked in an action that resulted in the loss of several Olifant tanks; one was damaged in combat, two were detracked by anti-tank mines. The SADF mounted multiple attempts to recover the tanks but had to retreat under heavy attack by enemy guns and artillery. This left the amount of Olifants lost at three with one more damaged. Additionally, a Ratel armoured car was destroyed and four SADF soldiers were killed. The FAPLA lost 21 T-54/T-55 tanks and suffered 480 casualties.

The two detracked tanks were never moved while the third Olifant was taken by the FAPLA. Its turret was sent to the Soviet Union while the hull remains at Menongue Airport in Angola.<ref>https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/south_africa/olifant_mk.i</ref>

=== [[wt:en/news/7052-development-olifant-mk1a-the-beast-of-desert-en|Devblog]] ===
Centurion tanks entered service with the South African armed forces already at the start of the Cold War in the early 1950s when South Africa purchased a few hundred Centurion Mk.3 tanks from the United Kingdom. However, operating the Centurions in the warm South African climate quickly turned out to be problematic as the tanks were prone to overheating. As a result, South Africa sold off many of its Centurions to Switzerland during the 1960s in order to acquire other equipment while many of the remaining tanks were relegated to reserve roles.

With conflicts in the region flaring up during the '70s, the South African armed forces were reminded of the importance of their armoured units and several projects were initiated to modernize the Centurions in service. These projects resulted in the creation of two interim models of domestic Centurions - the Skoikaan and Semel. In parallel however, the South African government formed a company in the private sector to develop a proper modernization package for the Centurion.

Work on the project began in the mid '70s, with South African engineers taking inspiration from the Israeli Sho't Centurions and applying similar upgrades to what would eventually become known as the Olifant tank. The first prototype of the Olifant rolled out of the factory in 1976 and underwent testing. Shortly afterwards, the Olifant Mk.1 entered production service in 1978, with production lasting until 1984. In the early 80s, the Olifant was upgraded to the Mk.1A modification, which featured a domestic version of the L7 cannon as well as other upgrades.

The Olifant Mk.1A remained in service with SANDF into the 1990s before being succeeded by the Olifant Mk.2. In total, over 150 Olifant Mk.1As were produced, some seeing action during the conflicts with Angola in the early 1980s.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_olifant_mk_1a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Vehicles with similar chassis

* [[Centurion (Family)]]

;Related service history

* [[Eland 90 Mk.7]]
* [[Ratel 90]]
* [[T-34-85]]
* [[PT-76B]]
* [[T-54/55 (Family)]]
* [[Ratel 20]]

;Similar playstyle

* [[M60A1 (AOS)]]
* [[M48A2 G A2]]
* [[Chieftain (Family)]]
* [[OF-40 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7052-development-olifant-mk1a-the-beast-of-desert-en|[Devblog] Olifant Mk1A: The Beast of Desert]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Britain medium tanks}}

D2

2022-05-24T17:44:09Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */ Improved

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_renault_d2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]]. The D2 can be considered the brother of the [[S.35]], sporting similar thick all-around armour, the same 47 mm SA35 gun, and a 3-man crew in the same configuration. The primary differences are the D2 is significantly slower - with nearly half the top speed and a lower power-to-weight ratio - while having a flatter, boxier hull shape, allowing the D2 to angle its armour more reliably.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Sporting 40 mm of rolled armour on all sides of a boxy hull, the D2 can be angled at a perfect 45 degree angle for a consistent effective thickness of at least 60 mm, presenting no obvious weak points save for the turret ring. The turret is of the same general style as used by the S.35 and [[B1 bis]], with a small, strong 56 mm turret face reinforced by two gun mantlets and strongly angled 45 mm sides, making it very effective in hull-down positions. Still beware of enemies behind you and even strafing aircraft, as the low, sloped engine deck has two grilles with a mere 5 mm of protection that even SPAAs and heavy machine guns can penetrate.

The D2's ammo racks are located deep in the bottom of the hull, nestled behind the D2's extra suspension armour and the suspension itself, making them fairly well-protected.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, sideskirts, turret ring, turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (turret sides, gun mantlet, turret cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 40 mm (17°) ''Front glacis - upper part'' 40 mm (40°) ''Front glacis - lower part'' 40 mm (53°) ''Lower glacis''
| 40 mm ''Top'' 40 mm + 10 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm (72°) ''Upper plate (roof)'' 5 mm (72°) ''Engine vent (roof)'' 40 mm ''Centre plate'' 20 mm (58°) ''Lower plate'' || 20 mm ''Front part'' 5 mm ''Engine vent - front part'' 20 mm (18°) ''Rear part'' 5 mm (18°) ''Engine vent - rear part''
|-
| Turret || 56 mm ''Turret front'' 45 mm ''Gun mantlet'' 45 mm ''Machine gun port'' 40 mm ''Turret ring'' || colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | 45 mm (20°) || 30 mm (25°) ''Front part'' 30 mm ''Rear part''
|-
| Cupola || 40 mm || 40 mm (26°) || 40 mm (9°) || 30 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Lower and upper turret ring armour are both 40 mm thick, and overlap slightly.
* Storage boxes, exhaust cover plate and mudguards are 5 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 232|rbMinHp= 133}}

The top speed is poor as the {{PAGENAME}} is heavy: you will often arrive last. Neutral steering is possible and makes turning on the spot easy: this however works only when idle. Once on the move, the {{PAGENAME}} will turn by locking a track. Accelerating and braking happen quickly. Turning doesn't make you lose much speed as your top speed already is slow. The reverse speed is a good point: it will get you out of a dangerous situation quickly. The {{PAGENAME}} reaches 16 km/h when fording, 10 km/h when driving uphill with some speed built-up but a mere 4 km/h uphill from a stop. The tracks are quite large and grant you a decent mobility on hard (solid ground, roads) and soft terrain (mud, snow, sand). Light and medium obstacles (fences, posts, bushes and small trees) are not a problem for the {{PAGENAME}} but large obstacles will reduce your mobility: avoid them.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|SA35 L/32 (47 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SA35 L/32 (47 mm)|47 mm SA35 L/32]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 108 || rowspan="2" | ±18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Shoulder || 9.5 || 13.2 || 16.0 || 17.7 || 18.8 || rowspan="2" | 5.2 || rowspan="2" | 4.6 || rowspan="2" | 4.2 || rowspan="2" | 4.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.0 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

The SA35 gun offers a reasonable penetration power at its battle rating. Its average muzzle velocity allows for a rather flat firing trajectory but the accuracy drop is noticeable from 700 m distance and becomes a handicap over 1,000 m. The rotation speed of the turret is slow compared to other tanks at the same rank or battle rating. Elevation and depression angles of the gun are important, allowing you to fire from unusual positions (behind a ridge, on a slope, etc.). Your recoil is nonexistent.
The shoulder-stop stabilizer allows for a good targeting but at very slow speed. The reload times of the gun are in line with other light tanks at the same BR.
The average penetration power and the absence of post-penetration damage from the solid shot are the biggest weaknesses of the armament. This will bring you to have to shoot enemy tanks repeatedly to destroy them entirely, while being in close proximity to maximize your penetration power.

==== Ammunition ====
The {{PAGENAME}} has a limited choice of ammunition:

* '''Mle1935''': APC; a solid shot with average penetration and no explosive filler. Make sure to target modules and crew positions to maximise the damage. Knowledge of enemy vehicle layouts is essential with this type of ammunition.
* '''Mle1935 HE''': HE; useful for destroying open and very lightly armoured vehicles.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Mle1935 || APC || 62 || 59 || 47 || 36 || 27 || 20
|-
| Mle1935 HE || HE || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Mle1935 || APC || 660 || 1.62 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Mle1935 HE || HE || 590 || 1.41 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 143 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''108''' || 91 ''(+17)'' || 73 ''(+35)'' || 55 ''(+53)'' || 37 ''(+71)'' || 19 ''(+89)'' || 1 ''(+107)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* As they are modeled by sets of 3, shells disappear from the rack only after you've fired all shells in the set.
* Packing 25 ''(+83)'' shells is a good compromise to have enough shells at your disposal while reducing drastically the risk of ammo rack detonation.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,250 (150) || 551 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
The small calibre of the MAC 31 machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help.

== Usage in battles ==


;Combat tactics

The {{PAGENAME}} should be played as a support tank. In an offensive role, you help destroying advancing enemy tanks and capturing objectives. Stay close to the frontline to maximize penetration power, while staying at a distance from enemy tanks (500-700 m) to avoid being flanked or swarmed. When engaging enemy tanks, angle your tank at 45° to maximize your frontal armour.
In a defensive role, being at a distance from the frontline will force enemy tanks to drive in the open to get to you. Always play with a nearby obstacle you can use as cover if you get hit and need to repair. Have a planned retreat route as the enemy will try to use artillery or CAS to dislodge you from cover. A good player in a {{PAGENAME}} can lock the enemy advance if positioned in a corridor and properly angled.
If you try to use the {{PAGENAME}} in a different role on the battlefield, you will quickly reach its limits: as a frontline tank, you will take shots from long range tank destroyers that will disable your tank. Your armour is not thick enough for tank destroyers with long guns. You will also be easily flanked by light tanks or armoured cars, especially if they swarm you. Only 1-on-1 engagements should be performed in this role. If you attempt to play long range engagements, your short gun will lack accuracy and penetration will greatly drop over distance. Even with your good gun depression allowing you to fire from behind the cover of a ridge, the slow muzzle velocity of your shells will make it difficult to aim at moving targets in the distance.

;Notable enemies

Many enemy vehicles can destroy the {{PAGENAME}}:

* Long range tank destroyers that can defeat your armour from 1,000 m,
* Frontline and light tanks that manage to flank or get close to you,
* Tanks with HEAT shells,
* Tanks with many crew members: your ammunition having little post-penetration damage, knocking all crew members becomes lengthy.

;How to defeat a {{PAGENAME}}

In a frontal encounter, shoot right in the middle of the front plate if the {{PAGENAME}} did not angle its hull. This will knock out the gunner and the driver. If angled, aim at the turret ring. When flanking, aim for the spot right under the center of the turret or the turret ring (small area).

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Thick all-around armour, able to be heavily angled.
* Shoulder stabilizer.
* 3 crew members, granting better survivability than French rank I 2-man vehicles.
* Quick reverse speed: -12 km/h.
* Neutral steering.

'''Cons:'''

* Low top speed and overall manoeuvrability
* Gun deals poor post penetration damage and will struggle penetration wise in uptiers or at range
* Poor turret rotation speed

== History ==


'''Design'''

In 1926, the French Army expressed the need for a new battle tank aimed at replacing all Renault FT tanks. The company Renault proposed a design that would later become the Char D1. While the D1 was still in development in 1930, the French Infantry Command ordered Renault to design a heavier version of the tank: the D2. Like for the D1, the crew consisted of 3 members and the tank was equipped with a one-man Schneider turret. The D2 had to be better armoured and faster than the D1 but was heavier and offered a taller silhouette.

'''Development'''

The Char D2 was developed from 1930 to 1933, then tested and accepted by the French Army. Due to interference with the production of the Char D1 and delays in the delivery of Schneider turrets, the D2 was only produced in 1936-37 and later in 1940. The first tanks were equipped with a short 47 mm SA34 gun and the later ones were equipped with the long 47 mm SA35 gun. Shortly before the start of the war, the older tanks were retrofitted with a SA35. Around 100 tanks were produced.

'''Combat usage'''

The Char D2 fought during the battle of France in May 1940, most notably at the battles of Montcornet and Amiens. After the defeat, the D2 were scrapped. Only the turrets were reused as fortification guns by the Germans.

=== [[wt:en/news/6709-development-char-d2-slow-advance-en|Devblog]] ===
Development of the Char D2 began in 1930, while Renault still worked on the Char D1 project. Unlike the Char D1 light tank, the French military requested the development of a heavier version of the vehicle, sporting thicker armour and better mobility, which was seen as an alternative to the Char B1 heavy tank, whose numbers were projected to become limited by possible arms limitation treaties.

Renault began work on the Char D2 and with the use of the then innovative welding technique, hoped to save weight and thus also cost of the new vehicle. The first prototype of the Char D2, called Renault UZ, was completed in 1932, followed soon after by two further prototypes in November 1933. Testing was kept relatively short, or in some aspects didn't happen altogether, in order to start production sooner. The first production orders were issued in 1934, with the first production models entering service with the French army in 1935. A second, improved production batch was ordered in June 1938, sporting a newer turret and improved firepower.

In service, the Char D2 was plagued by mechanical and reliability problems, leading to frequent breakdowns and difficult maintenance due to a lack of spare parts. Nonetheless, the Char D2 took part in actions during the Invasion of France in spring 1940 and served with French troops until the Fall of France in June.

Around 100 Char D2s were produced in total, of which many were lost as a result of breakdowns. Roughly 20 would be destroyed during fighting, with around another 20 vehicles being captured by the occupying German forces. The Char D2 did receive an official German designation, but was never put into service by German forces.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_renault_d2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

'''Images'''<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Char D2 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Char D2 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Char D2 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Char D2 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Char D2 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Char D2 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|xNNx857AvG0|'''Spade Review: {{PAGENAME}}. Slow But Strong''' - ''Joseph 2000''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[I-Go Ko]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6709-development-char-d2-slow-advance-en|[Devblog] Char D2: Slow Advance]]
* [[wikipedia:Char_D2|[Wikipedia] Char D2]]
* [https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/france/Char_Renault_D2.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Char Renault D2]

{{France medium tanks}}

AMX-50 Surbaisse

2022-05-24T17:40:48Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */ Improved

{{About
|about= French heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= other versions
|link= AMX-50 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_amx_50_surbaisse
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|display_name=AMX-50 Surbaissé
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]]. On the battlefield, the vehicle is very easy to recognize due to its shape which simply cannot be mistaken for another French tank.

The AMX-50 Surbaissé differs from every heavy tank in its general playstyle, since it has rather thin armour which will not protect it against incoming enemy fire, you have to use its medium tank like mobility to perform deadly flank attacks which will often prove very catastrophic for the enemy team. Indeed, since you can keep up with most medium tanks and even outpace some, especially the British medium tanks, many enemies will find themselves completely caught off guard and at the mercy of your autoloading 120 mm gun which will allow you to kill one tank every 6 seconds. The tank is also a great long-range sniper (1,500 m and beyond) as it comes equipped with a rangefinder that will allow you to range very quickly distant targets and deliver accurate shots upon them, also at such distances, your armour will start to be difficult to penetrate for most lower rank gun you'll encounter. Overall this tank, while being a heavy tank, is not meant to be played as such since it does not behave as such. You must use your mobility and your accurate fast-firing armament to prove effective against the enemies you'll come across

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull sides, Hull rear, Hull roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (30-85°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (8-57°) ''Joint plate'' 60 mm (21-74°) ''Bottom glacis''|| 30-60 mm (0-23°) ''Top'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (0-50°) || 20 mm
|-
| Turret || - || 60 mm ''Turret'' 40-60 mm (0-12°) ''Turret base'' || 40 mm (0-30°) ''Turret bustle'' 20 mm (21-31°) ''Pivot ball'' 10 mm (69-76°) ''Turret underside'' || 20 mm
|-
| Cupola || 60 mm || 60 mm || 60 mm || 20 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Wheels are interleaved to offer stacked protection values.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,097|rbMinHp=752}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|SA46 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SA46 (120 mm)|120 mm SA46]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+14° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 24.3 || 33.6 || 40.8 || 45.1 || 48.0 || rowspan="2" | 6.00 || rowspan="2" | 6.00 || rowspan="2" | 6.00 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 120 mm Obus explosif || HE || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39 || 39
|-
| 120 mm Obus de rupture || APBC || 301 || 298 || 286 || 272 || 258 || 245
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 120 mm Obus explosif || HE || 762 || 22.84 || 0 || 0.1 || 4,650 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 120 mm Obus de rupture || APBC || 1,067 || 23.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || 36 ''(+2)'' || 34 ''(+4)'' || 32 ''(+6)'' || 30 ''(+8)'' || 25 ''(+13)'' || 20 ''(+18)'' || 1 ''(+37)'' || Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* The visual discrepancy concerns the crossed out racks: they are modeled but always empty.
* Rack 7 (autoloader magazine) is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 19 shells.
** This rack gets filled first when loading up the tank and is also emptied first.
** As the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with an autoloader, manual reloading of the gun is not possible.
** Once the autoloader magazines have been depleted, you can't shoot until the loader has restocked the autoloader. The restocking time is longer than the normal reload time of the gun. Take this into account when playing.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 6 into rack 7. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.
** The depletion order at full capacity is: 7 - 1 - 2 up to 6.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|AAT-52 (7.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[AAT-52 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm AAT-52]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (200) || 900 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Playing the AMX 50 Surbaissé requires 2 things:

* Good map knowledge
* Gunnery discipline

As mentioned previously, the AMX 50 Surbaissé is not heavy, that probably is something you'll learn the hard way while playing your first matches in this tank. You have to play it like a medium tank and you always should try to look for a good flanking route that will eventually get you to a spot where you'll be able to decimate several tanks of the enemy team from the side of from behind. As a result, this tank requires a lot of forethinking before deciding which way to go and this decision must be taken in accordance with the map but also in accordance with what nation you face. The tank can also be used as a very effective long-range sniper especially in down tiers. The combination of fast-firing 120 mm gun and rangefinder can prove very effective especially at a range over 1,500 m where your armour will start to matter especially against a lower-ranked opponent such as Tiger IIs. To turn this vehicle into a deadly sniping machine, it is very much advised to bind rangefinding keys and sight adjustment that are intuitive to you. In this way you will be able to range targets and adjust the gun very accurately in such a way that, with practice and discipline will grant you the ability to deliver shots in a "Point aimed, Point hit" fashion.

Every enemy you can encounter which do not result from deliberate up tiers from the enemy can and will easily get through your armour. The tank's armour cannot withstand guns that are more powerful than the German 7.5 cm KwK 42 or the US 90 mm M3 gun

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Reload of just 6 seconds allows multiple targets to be engaged with quick succession
* Large autoloader magazine of 19 shots, the tank rarely runs dry and has to reload on a capture point or from secondary ammo racks
* AP round has high penetration and extremely high damage, most targets will be dealt with in a single shot
* Extremely fast turret rotation speed when upgraded, especially for a heavy tank (characteristic of oscillating turrets)
* Good acceleration, neutral steering is very fast
* Average top speed of about 48 km/h
* All frontal armour is effective versus early autocannon equipped vehicles

'''Cons:'''

* Ammunition rack in the back of the turret is a giant weak spot from any angle
* AP shell often bounces on more severe angles, most commonly the UFP of T-54/T-55 type tanks
* Smoke grenades will often have a gap in the smoke screen
* Armour is unreliable, even in downtiers

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_amx_50_surbaisse Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|wpm0DcBWhIA|'''The Shooting Range #126''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the AMX-50 Surbaissé.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[AMX-50 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5274-vehicle-amx-50-surbaiss%C3%A9-en|[Vehicles] AMX-50 Surbaissé]]

{{TankManufacturer AMX}}
{{France heavy tanks}}

AMX-30 ACRA

2022-05-24T17:33:06Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */ Improved

{{About
| about = French medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = AMX-30 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_amx_30_ACRA
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

In the 1960s, a proposal was made to mount a 142 mm gun system firing the ACRA (Anti-Char Rapide Autopropulsé), English: Anti-Tank Rapid Self-guided Missile. A single prototype was finished in 1967 with a unique cast turret built around the gun, but due to the unreasonably high cost of the missiles, the project was scrapped. However, in War Thunder, it is a formidable tank to play with play styles similar to the [[M60A2]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (front glacis, turret, cupola)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull sides, rear & roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50 mm (76-79°) ''Upper glacis - Top'' 79 mm (68°) ''Upper glacis - Bottom'' 79 mm (45°) ''Lower glacis - Top'' 30 mm (75°) ''Lower glacis - Bottom'' 57 mm (35°) ''Hull over the tracks'' || 35 mm ''Top - Front'' 57 mm (35°) ''Top - Hull widening'' 35 mm (35°) ''Top - Centre'' 35 mm ''Top - Rear'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' 25 mm (70°) ''Belly'' || 30 mm (10°) ''Upper plate'' 30 mm ''Hull over the tracks'' 30 mm ''Lower plate'' 25 mm (70°) ''Belly'' || 79 mm (22°) ''Front glacis - Front'' 50 mm (11-14°) ''Front glacis - Rear'' 15 mm ''Rear'' 8 mm ''Radiator vents''
|-
| Turret || 57-79 + 60 mm (19°) ''Gun mantlet'' 60 mm (19-24°) ''Turret front'' 30 mm (cylindrical) ''Telemeter'' || 41.5 mm (19-47°) 30 mm ''Telemeter'' 41.5 mm ''Cupola well'' || 30 mm (spherical) 20 mm (54-64°) ''Turret underside'' || 30 mm (2-20°) ''Gun mantlet'' 20 mm (2-21°) ''Turret''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 60 mm (cylindrical) || 60 mm ''Outer ring'' 20 mm ''Centre''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,085|rbMinHp=619}}

The gun is mounted on the well-proven AMX-30 chassis, providing adequate mobility slightly slower than the Leopard 1.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}


The AMX-30 ACRA mount as we saw before a 142mm laser guided gun, capable of launching ACRA missile and High Explosive round. It can carry 36 rounds, 16 in the turret and 20 in the hull, next to the driver, so you have the possibility to get a higher survivability from hull shots by removing these 20 rounds. The gun reload is 15.6 seconds with a level 1 crew and can be upgraded to 12 seconds with a max crew.

The ACRA missile is pretty fast, making the tank very useful on large maps and sits at a battle rating where nothing will be able to resist the missile. Be careful when shooting at the sides of enemy tanks, the missiles function like a HEAT round and tends to be absorbed by the tracks if hit directly. Also like a HEAT round, don't try to shoot missiles through walls, fences, big bushes, or trees.

Another good point with the gun is that you don't need to stop the tank to fire. However, the missile is guided with a laser mounted with the gun, which is not stabilized. This means your missiles will bounce up and down as you guide them if you are moving. This also means you cannot fire over obstacles like you can with wire guided missiles, as the laser needs constant line-of-sight to the back of the missile.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ACRA (142 mm)|142 mm ACRA]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 36 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 15.60 || rowspan="2" | 13.80 || rowspan="2" | 12.72 || rowspan="2" | 12.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| MP ACRA || ATGM || 700 || 700 || 700 || 700 || 700 || 700
|-
| MUC || HE || 36 || 36 || 36 || 36 || 36 || 36
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| MP ACRA || ATGM || 500 || 25 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 3,280 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| MUC || HE || 700 || 23 || 0 || 0.1 || 3,580 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''36''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}


=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 700 (200) || 577 || -10°/+20° || N/A
|-
|}
The M2HB coaxial heavy machine gun is a good anti-aircraft asset, it will shred any low-flying aircraft thanks to the extra 20 degrees of elevation.
The only drawback is that the MG is coaxial, meaning the turret must rotate to track the targets. The .50 cal can also deal with armoured cars and SPAA vehicles when they're up close.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[A-A-F1N (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm A-A-F1N]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,050 (100) || 900 || -10°/+45° || ±120°
|-
|}
The small calibre of the A-A-F1N machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The maximum speed of this tank's ATGM eclipses even the TOW's - if ACRA fires first and enemy tank does not use cover, then it is next to impossible to just dodge it
* Can fire ATGM on the move
* ATGM has high penetration for the tier, at 700mm it'll be able to deal with early ERA
* Mobility is equal to most medium tanks of other factions
* Can use HE shells if necessary

'''Cons:'''

* Unlike [[M60A2]], does not have heavy frontal armour nor adequate side hull armour, so most medium tanks will penetrate it in single shot and it will not scare away light tanks
* Worst mobility out of all AMX-30s, uses B2 engine without the improved gearbox.
* Gun scope is not stabilized, the ATGMs flight can be effected by the vehicles movement
* Tank has to keep itself exposed while guiding the ATGM, giving the enemy a larger window to return fire
* Speed of ATGM can make corrections at mid range difficult
* Reload is around twice as long as most tanks of this battle rating, so it is recommended to retreat into cover for the duration of your reload after firing

== History ==

[[File:AMX30ACRA.jpg|thumb|450x450px|The sole AMX-30 ACRA prototype.]]

The AMX-30 ACRA was a prototype modification of the AMX-30 main battle tank developed in the late 1960s for the French army. Similar to the American M551 Sheridan, the prototypes were fitted with a 142 mm cannon to fire the prototype missile "Anti-Char Rapide Autopropulsé" (Self-Propelled Rapid Anti-Tank Missile), or ACRA in short. The vehicle was also fitted with an enlarged turret capable of fitting larger-calibre cannons of 120 mm. The prototypes were cancelled in 1972 due to rising development costs for the ACRA missile, which was later replaced by the HOT ATGM.

The AMX-30 was a highly successful French main battle tank (MBT) of the 1960s and 1970s with over 3,000 vehicles built in total. The AMX-30 family served as the main French MBT until the introduction of the Leclerc MBT in the 1990s; as well, a myriad of variants were created including anti-tank and anti-aircraft versions (such as the AMX-30R Roland missile battery). One of the most unique anti-tank variants was the AMX-30 ACRA, centred around the ACRA ATGM.

The ACRA, or Anti-Char Rapide Autopropulsé (Self-Propelled Rapid Anti-Tank Missile) was a prototype French anti-tank missile system designed to destroy enemy tanks. The missile was fired from a 142 mm smoothbore gun and accelerated to a speed of over 2520 km/h during flight. The weapon could be fitted with a 2 kg shaped charge warhead or a similar high-explosive warhead for use against personnel.

An AMX-30 was specially modified with an enlarged turret to fire the ACRA missile, along with a 142 mm smoothbore cannon that could also fire HE ammunition. The vehicle's enlarged turret could've also accommodated larger cannons such as a 120 mm cannon. Despite this, the weapon system had key limitations - primarily, the cost of the ACRA missile had skyrocketed to over 1 million francs per shot. As well, the missile could not be fired from helicopters, further limiting its effectiveness in battle. As a result, the ACRA missile system was cancelled in 1972, marking the demise of the AMX-30 ACRA. The role of the ACRA missile system would be fulfilled by the HOT, a more versatile ATGM fired from both ground vehicles and helicopters.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_amx_30_ACRA Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|wJkQW4kSJjM|'''French MBTs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:54 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Other comparable gun/launcher tanks:

* [[M551]]
* [[M60A2]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6455-development-amx-30-acra-luxury-à-la-française-en|[Devblog] AMX-30 ACRA: Luxury à la Française]]

{{TankManufacturer AMX}}
{{France medium tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

ELC bis

2022-05-24T17:24:58Z

U37005499: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_amx_elc_bis
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The ELC bis' armour is only sufficient to protect against small arms fire, and the 2-man crew means there is little chance of survival if shot at. In particular, while the front hull armour and parts of the front turret armour are sufficient to protect against .50 cals, there are weak spots on the front turret with an effective thickness as low as 13 mm, notably around the driver, making any encounter with vehicles equipped with .50 cals potentially deadly, even at up to 1500 m. The ELC can survive low shots however, as both the engine and transmission sit in the front of tank, and thus can absorb most of the damage if directly hit.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The ELC bis has a formidable top speed of 87 km/h (AB) and 80 km/h (RB/SB). However, it suffers from poor acceleration and speed retention through turns, which is particularly noticeable in RB/SB, where the ELC will in practice only reach 60 km/h at most even when fully upgraded. Thus, its mobility on the battlefield is comparable to the American [[M50]] and [[M56]], which both stand at the same BR. The reverse speed is only of -10 km/h, too slow to escape dangerous encounters, which is something players must keep in mind when engaging enemies. In contrast, the ELC bis has a particularly good power-to-weight ratio, even when compared to other light vehicles at the same BR.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=256|rbMinHp=159}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|D915 (90 mm)}}

The 90 mm D915 cannon is unsuited for long range due to the poor ballistics of the HEATFS, and fails to make up for it in close quarters due to the average reload time. In addition, stabilizing the gun after stopping takes a few seconds, making snapshots impossible.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[D915 (90 mm)|90 mm D915]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 36 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±20° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 26.4 || 36.5 || 44.4 || 49.1 || 52.2 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OCC 60-62 || HEATFS || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320
|-
| OE 90 F1 || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OCC 60-62 || HEATFS || 750 || 8.95 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 877.7 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OE 90 F1 || HE || 640 || 10.45 || 0 || 0.1 || 945 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| OFUM PH90-F2 || 640 || 10.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''36''' || 1 ''(+35)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* The ELC bis has only one ammo rack, located at the rear of the tank, just before the fuel tank. As such, there is no real survivability decrease by taking a full ammo load.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}

The machine gun can only clear light obstacles, its primary use is to clear fences or other elements that would otherwise make your HEATFS shells detonate before reaching the target. Vehicles with exposed crew aren't particularly common at the ELC's battle rating, the main vehicles the ELC encounters where the machine gun can prove useful against are the American [[M42 Duster (Family)|M42]] and [[M56]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,800 (150) || 551 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Despite looking like one, it is important to remember that the ELC bis is not a light tank. It is strictly a tank destroyer, a fact highlighted by the absence of the scouting ability. The ELC bis is mobile but is generally slower than other light vehicles of the same BR, thus it is not really able to capture points early-on. The ELC excels in camouflage and in taking spots normally unattainable, and the gameplay generally revolves around this. The ELC bis is best unseen: .50 cal MGs, which are common at the BR, can penetrate weak spots on the front turret and immediately knock out the crew. In addition, the reload speed being simply average makes engaging multiple enemies not desirable. But in RB and SB, that is where the ELC's top-notch camouflaging ability comes into play, as the ELC bis can take the time to choose its targets carefully and patiently wait for the right time to strike. The slow reverse speed can be deadly if an engagement turns out dangerous, but this can be alleviated with a promptly-timed usage of the smoke grenades.

HEATFS being the ELC's only available shell, large tanks can be hard to deal with, but in particular, extra care is required against the [[Centurion Mk.5 AVRE]], as its ERA armour is extremely efficient against HEATFS rounds.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Incredibly small profile, can hide in places that are simply impossible for other vehicles
* Good mobility
* Formidable top speed of 80 km/h
* HEATFS rounds with 320 mm of penetration, making enemy armour not a concern

'''Cons:'''

* Only 2 crew members, both sitting in a small turret: hits on the turret are nearly always fatal
* Front turret weak spots make the ELC vulnerable to .50 cal MGs even from the front
* Weak top armour: 20 mm cannons and 50 cal MGs found on aircraft rip right through and knock out the crew as well
* Rarely reaches its top speed in RB and SB
* Poor reverse makes retreating after a shot difficult
* Poor gun traverse angles, often gets caught out while repositioning
* Lower than average muzzle velocity on the HEATFS shells: not suited for engaging moving targets at long range
* Tank rocks back and forth when coming to a stop, which makes aiming very hard

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fr_amx_elc_bis Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7615-development-amx-elc-bis-the-grass-crawler-en|[Devblog] AMX ELC bis: The Grass Crawler]]

{{TankManufacturer AMX}}
{{France tank destroyers}}

FIAT 6614

2022-05-24T17:19:58Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */ Improved

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_fiat_6614_106sr
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull)
* Gun steel (gun barrel, MG)
* Wheel (tires)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 8 mm (30-46°) ''Driver viewport'' 8 mm (70-81°) ''Upper Glacis'' 8 mm (52°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 8 mm (21-45°) ''Top'' 5 mm (12-20°) ''Radiator vents'' 8 mm (25-33°) ''Bottom'' 8 mm ''Wheelwells'' || 8 mm (17°) ''Upper plate'' 8 mm (43°) ''Lower plate'' || 8 mm (9-20°) ''Front Glacis'' 8 mm ''Crew compartment''
|-
| Gun mount || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 8 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="4" style="text-align:center" | 8 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* All windows are 8 mm thick.
* The tires are 10 mm thick.
* The belly is 8 mm thick.

The {{PAGENAME}} has almost no armour, like other vehicles in the Italian tree, and with that very low survivability. Anything that hits a side shot will knock out at least one crew member, while a frontal or rear shot will incapacitate a minimum of 3 crew, enough to take the player back to the hangar.

The average effective thickness changes depending on where the {{PAGENAME}} is shot from. At the front, it ranges from 15-20 mm thick, although the front-facing window of the driver's hatch does only give 9 mm of armour between a machine gun round and the driver. While a 7.62 mm round will only penetrate at close range, a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun round will only fail to penetrate that window at over a kilometre away. Considering the car's most valuable advantage is its ability to get to good positions fast, an incapacitated driver will ruin the {{PAGENAME}}'s chances in the match.

The side's obvious weak spots are the grills near the front that are only 5mm thick. Considering that the vehicle has a hexagon-shaped cross-section if sliced from left to right, the upper plate of the slanted side offers 9 mm of protection after the grill and 10-12mm around and in front of the grill. The lower side plate gives a whole new world of armour with a minimum thickness of 10mm everywhere, which means at least the 7.62 mm machine guns can't penetrate the car through there. The doors have the same thickness as the rest of the sides.

On the back, there's one slanted plate that is 8 mm at the top which increases to 14 mm at the bottom. Again, like the sides, the door doesn't have a different thickness. Also, the gun is very easy to disable as it has a maximum effective thickness of 88 mm, which all tanks at this BR will be able to penetrate and disable in one shot.

This tank is still very vulnerable to strafing aircraft. Bombs and rockets also deal heavy damage if the {{PAGENAME}} is standing in their destruction radius.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=225|rbMinHp=128}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility is very good. The fastest speeds it can reach will depend on the terrain: on a track like the ones on Sinai, the {{PAGENAME}} can easily reach 60 or 70 km/h, and driving on an actual road or going downhill it will reach the 80's or 90's; but on a grassy field, it may only reach up to 45 km/h. Due to the {{PAGENAME}} being a wheeled car, going through sand, snow or a small uphill will trickle away its speed. The wheeled construction means the FIAT also cannot neutral steer, but it does have a small turning circle (tank-sized) and it can turn in this circle at 23 km/h.

When reversing the {{PAGENAME}} has good acceleration as well, reaching -10 km/h after about 3 seconds and will get to -20 by the fourth second.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Cannone da 106 s.r.M40A1 (106 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Cannone da 106 s.r.M40A1 (106 mm)|106 mm Cannone da 106 s.r.M40A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 17 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | ±360° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 9.5 || 13.2 || 16.0 || 17.7 || 18.8 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.0 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M344A1 || HEAT || 433 || 433 || 433 || 433 || 433 || 433
|-
| M361A1 || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M344A1 || HEAT || 502 || 10 || 0 || 0.01 || 1,650 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M361A1 || HESH || 498 || 10 || 0.1 || 4 || 5,040 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''17''' || 11 ''(+6)'' || 9 ''(+8)'' || 7 ''(+10)'' || 3 ''(+14)'' || 1 ''(+16)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Rounds are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Full ammo load should be brought for the cannon because running out of shells is very common in this vehicle.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M80 (12.7 mm)}}

The M80 is a spotting machine gun attached to the M40A1 recoilless rifle. The low velocity of its projectiles and limited capacity make it ineffective against enemy ground vehicles, only being able to effectively damage exposed crew members. However, the ballistics of the weapon are aligned with the gun's ballistics, meaning that it can be used to range a target, rather than using the rangefinding skill.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M80 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M80]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 120 (5) || 300 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


Ground RB/SB/AB

The FIAT is a light tank destroyer with extremely potent anti-tank grenades that are almost guaranteed to slice through any armoured foe. Never put yourself on the front lines as your armour is not up to the task against anything heavier than .30 calibre machine gun fire, so striking from the shadows is the best option. One of the main upsides is that you don't have an actual gunner who exposes themselves to fire, meaning all you have to do is find a great position and remain hull-down. Getting to said position is fairly easy if you are on a map with easily accessible roads. The FIAT 6614 will manage to reach its top speed and overtake most of the vehicles at its battle rating, use your speed to your absolute advantage, with the FIAT 6614, to maximize your effectiveness on the battlefield, you need to be in places were regular enemies won't suspect vehicles to be shot at from. Another great feature that the FIAT 6614 has access to is the scouting mechanic. Scouting will allow you to earn even more points, whilst also providing great intel for your teammates to take advantage of. Due to the excellent penetration of the both HEAT and HESH rounds, this tank destroyer is best played pointing and shooting at the target, not minding weak spots, especially due to the overpressure damage mechanic. Although some tanks will be able to survive one or two shots, generally speaking you should make quick work of anyone you encounter. If you get spotted, you should quickly disengage and move to a new spot where enemies will again not suspect you shooting from, to disengage you can use smoke grenades to cover your retreat for a short while. Always remember to stay at a safe distance, as previously mentioned you wont be able to withstand much, if anything. You'll be at the mercy of artillery strikes and enemy aircraft. It's recommended to take cover inside a building or behind a natural obstacle that will protect you from such threats. Also keep in mind that in Arcade Battles, enemies can easily find out where you are located with the nametag and are able to quickly find out where your weak spots are.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* HEATFS is capable of frontally penetrating all tanks at its BR while providing good post penetration damage
* 360-degree turret transverse
* Fast on hard terrain
* The gun mounting allows you to hide the entire hull behind cover while still having the gun above cover, allowing you to engage enemies with nothing but the gun exposed. More positions can be opened up thanks to the lower than average muzzle velocity, allowing you to lob shells over the terrain.
* Can swim

'''Cons:'''

* Very thin armour, vulnerable to machine gun fire, artillery and strafing
* HESH damage is very random
* Bad off-road speed, reduces to a crawl in snow or mud
* Poor gun handling
* Low muzzle velocity can make ranged engagements difficult

== History ==


The Fiat 6614 was an APC joint venture between Fiat and OTO Melara. Post-war Italy had realized the need of having light vehicles that could easily be deployed at long distances to further support the front-line troops, without actually being in the front-line. The Fiat 6614 was specifically made to fill in the requirements of the many military and para-military organizations, where some form of mobile armoured protection is required for personnel. The first prototype was made in 1972, which underwent many changes, both aesthetic and armament-wise. An example would be such as the Fiat 6614 having access to a dual .50 cal turret, which would be ultimately removed after testing. Fiat would be in charge of the engine and the automotive components while OTO Melara was in charge of the hull and weapon system. The Fiat 6614 would be outfitted with an IVECO 8062.24 diesel engine, this allowed the Fiat 6614 to reach speeds of 100 km/h. It had a max crew of 3, but being a APC, could carry up to 10 soldiers at once. One of its staple abilities was the fact that it could be amphibious (propulsion once in the water was provided by the road wheels), which further allowed it to push itself into it being a multi-role vehicle. There was plenty of optional equipment available for the Fiat 6614, such as: recovery winch, night vision equipment, smoke grenade discharges and also an air conditioning system. Armament-wise, due to its weight, it couldn't really support heavy loads (primarily also why the Fiat 6616 was made), this didn't stop it from having a few armaments installed, one of the more obscure variants being one with a FIROS-6 rocket launcher. It's good to note that it was also marketed as a mortar carrier, medi-vac ambulance and also a reconnaissance vehicle.

This FIAT 6614 is a further development prototype for anti heavy armoured target purposes by mounting a 106 mm M40A1 recoilless rifle forward of the commander's position on the turret roof. It was only a one-off, as far as we know of, which members of the Italian military would use to evaluate its effectiveness on the field. Ultimately it wasn't picked up due to other vehicles in the Italian army being much better candidates, and also due to the M40A1 recoilless rifle getting more and more obsolete. It was able to fire M40A1 standard munitions, such as HEAT and HESH, and the rounds would be stored near the backside of the vehicle.

In terms of service, the Italian Fiat 6614 is still technically in service, inside of the 'Polizia di Stato' (State police), mainly used for riot control and during natural disasters where its amphibious abilities can come in handy. Other times it was used would be when the Italian Army deployed a number of Fiat 6614's to Bosnia and Somalia, for safekeeping. They had a huge success in the export market, one of the biggest successes being in the South Korean army. The Fiat 6614 would be license produced in South Korea, where it was widely used, although as of now it's said they've completely gone out of service. The South Korean Fiat 6614 is known as the KM900, while locally introduced variants, known as the KM901 can include an armoured ambulance, mortar carriers, and command vehicles. Other countries still using it to this day include Libya, Somalia, Tunisia, Argentina, Venezuela, and Peru. Fiat 6616 also known as 'Autoblinda 1974' ([[AUBL/74]]) is a further development model of the Fiat 6614, after OTO Melara and Fiat engineers started experimenting on up-arming the Fiat 6614.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=it_fiat_6614_106sr Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|UN3ioZuwRJs|'''This is how to make light tank INVINCIBLE! {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''HowToPlay1337''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles equipped with a recoilless rifle

* [[M50 Ontos]]
* [[T114]]
* [[Type 60 SPRG (C)]]
* [[R3 T106 FA]]

;Other vehicles equipped with a similar chassis

* [[AUBL/74]]
* [[AUBL/74 HVG]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Fiat_6614|[Wikipedia] Fiat 6614]]

{{Italy light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

OF-40

2022-05-24T17:14:15Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */ Improved it

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_of_40_mk_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The OF-40's armour isn't great, but it certainly is in a way better than the Leopard 1's. The OF-40's turret has very weird angles, so you can bounce some incoming shots from there. The sides (excluding the spaced armour in the turret) are only 35 mm thick at most, so you can't rely on the armour as much as you could hope to compared to other tanks that fight at the OF-40's battle rating. The OF-40 has better protection when it comes to the front plate. It is 170 mm thick front-on. Other than that, its hull is very weak, so it cannot be completely relied on. Its survivability is average. In most cases, enemies will only manage to take out one crew member, the gunner and loader are quite spaced out between each other. The same cannot be said about the rest of the crew however. The OF-40 can and will take a hit and with smoke launchers it will survive better than most.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour - Hull and turret
* High hardness rolled armour - Turret
* Rubber-fabric screens - Sideskirts

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70 mm (68°) ''Upper Glacis'' 50 mm (50°) ''Lower Glacis'' || 35 mm ''Top Crew Compartment'' 25 mm ''Top Engine Compartment'' 30 mm ''Bottom'' || 25 mm || 15 - 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 30 - 68 mm (various angles) ''Turret front'' 30 mm (58°) + 45 mm (curved) ''Gun mantlet'' || Spaced: 30 mm + 80 mm air + 35 mm ''Forward'' Spaced: 12 mm + 120 mm + 35 mm ''Rearward'' || 30 mm || 20 - 40 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The turret sides use spaced armour, and are therefore stronger than they appear in the armour viewer.
* Beneath the angled outer portion of the gun mantlet is a curved 45 mm plate, which is hard to see in the armour viewer.
* There are 10 mm rubber-fabric screens protecting the upper suspension.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,286|rbMinHp=734}}

The OF-40 has great mobility, similar to the Leopard 1. It can handle off-road with an average speed of around 40 km/h. On flat surfaces, the OF-40 will reach around 60-65 km/h. It has great static mobility when spaded (not as great when stock). It can keep up with the light tanks and be one of the first to the capture point if you try hard enough.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)}}
The OF-40 features the 105 mm OTO Melara 105/52 gun, like the other OF-40s and the B1 Centauro. It is a potent main gun capable of displaying an excellent performance at its br. The gun is capable of firing the M456 HEATFS ammunition. Sometimes, the use of M392A2 is preferred for the higher muzzle velocity despite the significantly reduced penetration. Both projectiles are more than capable of engaging targets at far range using the potent zoom in main sights. With the laser rangefinder, getting into long range engagements turns to be extremely easy with almost pinpoint accuracy.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OTO Melara 105/52 (105 mm)|105 mm OTO Melara 105/52]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 61 || rowspan="2" | -9°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 19.0 || 26.4 || 32.0 || 35.4 || 37.6 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M392A2 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M392A2 || APDS || 1,478 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| M393A2 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.1 || 4 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M456 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
<gallery mode="packed" widths="300" heights="300">
File:Ammoracks OF-40 Mk.2a (1).jpg|Ammoracks 1-9
File:Ammoracks OF-40 Mk.2a (2).png|Ammoracks 10-12
</gallery>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''61''' || 55 ''(+6)'' || 54 ''(+7)'' || 47 ''(+14)'' || 46 ''(+15)'' || 39 ''(+22)'' || 38 ''(+23)'' || 31 ''(+30)'' || 30 ''(+31)'' || 23 ''(+38)'' || 20 ''(+41)'' || 16 ''(+45)'' || 1 ''(+60)''||No
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 1,500 (200) || 600 || -8°/+20° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The OF-40 cannot withstand a frontal encounter most of the time with most opponents due to the lack of a reliable armour, making the tank an easy prey for almost anyone on the battlefield when in urban combat. However, the tank comes with a great mobility, able to reach 65 km/h in RB (72 in AB), making it the ideal tank to shoot at the enemy and rapidly retreat to change position. The optics are better far more better than anything encountered at the battle rating, so it is ideal to use them alongisde the laser range finder to play a sniping role. Its gun is capable of punching through most of enemy tanks, but caution is a must when uptiered: tanks like the T-62M-1 cannot be damaged in the turret even with HEATFS rounds.

The tank is not very suitable for urban combat, since it does not have a stabilizer and thus, reducing the chances be capable of landing the first shot, often knocking out the gunner, disabling the engine, the gun, or just setting the tank on fire. The best thing to do, in these cases, is to avoid the center of the map, flanking the enemy to hit him from the side and staying hidden from sight so enemies don't focus their firepower on the OF-40.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good main gun handling
* Has a laser rangefinder, making sniping much easier
* Spaced armour in the turret allows taking some autocannon hits, the mantlet are immune to HESH, and some AP shots bounce if the turret is angled
* Quick and agile tank when upgraded

'''Cons:'''

* No stabilizer
* Boxy shape makes both the turret and hull easy to hit, APHE shells have an easy time finding 3/4 crew
* Extremely thin side armour makes it vulnerable to any autocannon, even SPAA with stock belts.
* Carrying more than 20 rounds puts ammo into the hull ammo rack, lowering survivability

== History ==

After the end of WW2, the Italian industry completely stopped development and production of domestically designed tanks. During the Cold War, the Italian industry would produce armoured fighting vehicles for its own needs, however most of these vehicles were foreign designs built under license.

In the late 1970s, Oto Melara and Fiat began developing the first Italian post-WW2 tank, under a join private venture. As Oto Melara was already mass-producing the German Leopard 1 MBT under license for the Italian Army, its engineers possessed sufficient experience and know-how in order to develop their own tank.

The resulting vehicle, designated OF-40, turned out to be, somewhat unsurprisingly, very similar in design to the German Leopard 1 already in service with the Italian Army. Nonetheless, the OF-40 became the first domestically developed and produced Italian tank after WW2.

Despite the many similarities however, the Italian military proved reluctant in ordering the OF-40 for mass production. As a result of being unable to find a domestic operator, Oto Melara turned to the export market and soon found a willing buyer - the United Arab Emirates.

Shortly after, the OF-40 was upgraded to the Mk.2 version which, among other things, improved the vehicle's optics and rangefinder, added a two-plane stabilization system for the main gun, and an improved fire control system, allowing the vehicle to fire improved ammunition.

The OF-40 was only built in limited numbers and for a limited time, with the UAE being the only operator world-wide. The UAE still uses the OF-40 today, although in different roles, with proposals being made to convert the vehicle into a heavy IFV.

''- From [[wt:en/news/5938-development-of-40-mk-2a-made-in-italy-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_of_40_mk_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:OF-40 in Jungle.jpg|The OF-40 in the jungle
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer OTO Melara}}
{{Italy medium tanks}}

T-55A

2022-05-04T10:20:54Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = Soviet medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-54/55 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_55a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]].

After active development of nuclear weapons, the [[T-54/55 (Family)|T-54]] was tested against nuclear charges. It was evaluated that the crew could survive only at distances of over 700 m, so it was decided to create a new tank that would have a nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) protection system, or ''Protivoatomnaya Zashchita'' (PAZ). The initial designs for this tank were completed in 1956, however, that was without additional NBC protection. In 1961, the development of an NBC system began, and it was introduced in the new T-55A variant. Among other upgrades, the T-55 had an increased ammunition supply with 18 more rounds being stored in the fuel tanks.

The T-55 became a replacement for Soviet heavy tanks (IS series and the [[T-10M|T-10]]). Armour was sacrificed for better mobility and a better gun. Currently, the T-55A is one of the only vehicles at its rank to still have an AP shell with explosive filler, which can easily knock out most vehicles in a single shot from the sides and some from the front (notably, Leopards 1). Unfortunately, the T-55A is relatively slow compared to other medium tanks at its battle rating.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:T-55A XRay Side.png|thumb|left|X-Ray view of the T-55A when viewed from the side. Note how packed the tank interior is of critical components, ammunition, and crew.]]

The T-55A has moderate frontal protection, with 100 mm plates for upper front plate (UFP) and lower front plate (LFP) placed at angles 59° and 56° respectively; effective thickness frontally comes up to ~180 mm and ~200 mm, respectively. At a perfect angle, the {{PAGENAME}} can bring its frontal effective thickness to ~200 mm and ~220 mm for the UFP and LFP, while having ~250 mm of protection at the angled sides. However, the additional 20 mm of armour will rarely save the tank from APFSDS, or even APDS, shells that are flying around at this rank.

As for the turret, the T-55A has slightly less protection than the T-62 and combined with a generally larger turret, it is easier for opponents to hit and penetrate the turret. The thinnest spots are right next to the cannon breech, at 200 mm, which rather slowly becomes over 300 mm when moving further away from the breech.

The {{PAGENAME}}'s weakest area to be attacked at is the port side; or when looking directly at the {{PAGENAME}}, its right side. This is because three of the four crew members are neatly lined up into a row. A well placed APFSDS shot to this area through the UFP will one-shot the T-55A.

Despite this vulnerability, it will do well for the {{PAGENAME}}'s overall survival if it does not get hit at all during its lifespan on the battlefield. Due to how packed the interior is, any penetrating shot is sure to cripple or outright destroy the tank.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 100 mm (59-77°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (56-59°) ''Lower glacis'' || 80 mm || 20 mm (61°) ''Upper'' 45 mm (16°) ''Middle'' 20 mm (71°) ''Lower'' || 30 mm ''General'' 45 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 130-200 mm (14-39°) ''Turret front'' || 100-160 mm (15-73°) || 66-110 mm (4-41°) || 30 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspensions wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=899|rbMinHp=513}}

The maximum speed that the T-55A can reach is listed as 56 km/h (AB) and 50 km/h (RB/SB). That is ~15 km/h slower than the [[Leopard A1A1]]. However, the amount of firepower that the T-55A brings to the battlefield, coupled together with the ability to withstand shots sometimes, that speed is decent. Backwards, the T-55A can go at up to -7 km/h, which won't let you back out of tricky situations often.

The T-55A cannot turn in neutral gear, which makes it difficult to manoeuvre in close-quarter encounters, which often occur in urban environments. The acceleration is good, the T-55A can get to 25 km/h from a standstill on flat, rough terrain in a few seconds, and turning is decent on flat ground.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

With a default APDS round available, the T-55A is somewhat viable in a downtier to assist going through the modification research. Aside from getting the survivability upgrades in the "Parts" and "FPE" modules, unlocking better ammunition choices should be prioritised in order to access the more potent APFSDS round and the HEAT-FS shell in the "3BM25" and "3BK17M" modules respectively. The "NVD" module should also be researched early in order to survive the possibility of the next ground battle being at night time.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}


The T-55A houses a 100 mm D-10T2S rifled anti-tank gun, which is equipped with an ejector and two-plane stabilizer arms. In-game, the T-55A has a 10.3 s reload rate, which is similar to its successor, the T-62. This rate of fire doesn't allow the T-55A to rush into battle and fend off waves of Leopards or [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48]]s and [[M60 (Family)|M60]]s, but it is sufficient to defeat one or two opponents in quick succession with good shot placements, granted you shoot first.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[D-10T2S (100 mm)|100 mm D-10T2S]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 43 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 14.3 || 19.8 || 24.0 || 26.5 || 28.2 || rowspan="2" | 11.05 || rowspan="2" | 9.78 || rowspan="2" | 9.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The stock round (3BM-8, APDS) allows the T-55A to penetrate [[MBT-70]] and [[KPz-70]] frontally, as well as deal with all other major threats, notably the [[Leopard I|Leopards]] (which you can penetrate anywhere), and [[Chieftain Mk 3|Chieftains]] (LFP, or UFP/LFP with the APFSDS round). One of the major advantages that the T-55A has over the majority of rank VI vehicles is its APCBC shell, which has the potential to knock out any opponent it penetrates in a single shot. It is advised to flank your enemies and when given the opportunity, easily destroy oncoming enemies with this round.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 3BM-8 || APDS || 299 || 298 || 291 || 272 || 253 || 249
|-
| BR-412D || APCBC || 239 || 236 || 220 || 202 || 186 || 170
|-
| 3BM25 || APFSDS || 335 || 330 || 307 || 290 || 275 || 260
|-
| 3BK17M || HEATFS || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390
|-
| OF-412 || HE || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 3BM-8 || APDS || 1,415 || 4.13 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| BR-412D || APCBC || 887 || 15.9 || 1.2 || 19 || 93.94 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| 3BM25 || APFSDS || 1,430 || 3.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| 3BK17M || HEATFS || 1,085 || 9.96 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,440 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OF-412 || HE || 900 || 15.6 || 0 || 0.1 || 1,460 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| 3D3 || 880 || 15.6 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 272
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''43''' || 42 ''(+1)'' || 37 ''(+6)'' || 33 ''(+10)'' || 21 ''(+22)'' || 19 ''(+24)'' || 1 ''(+42)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* If you pack 19 ''(+24)'' shells, it will fill only the frontal wet stowage ready rack.
* Rack 6 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 18 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
** This rack is also emptied early: the depletion order at full capacity is: 6 - 1 - 2 - etc. until 5.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-5 into rack 6. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}


The T-55A has a roof-mounted 12.7 mm DShK machine gun, which allows it to fight low-flying aircraft or helicopters. However, it is not effective against jets. It is recommended to use this machine gun against lightly armoured ground targets and to check whether or not a tank is alive or not, by shooting its tracks (which can also be done with the coaxial machine gun).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 350 (50) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,500 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The T-55A usage in battle is very similar to the T-54 tanks prior to it. Aside from some minor design differences, the general armour layout of the T-55A is similar to that of the preceding [[T-54 (1951)]]. The mobility is slightly better due to a more powerful engine, enabling a higher hp-to-ton ratio despite the small weight increase. The firepower of the T-55A compared to its predecessor is what makes it stand out, with access to the 3BM25 APFSDS ammunition that can penetrate 335 mm at point-blank range (compared to the T-54 (1951)'s point-blank penetration of 299 mm with the 3BM-8 APDS and 380 mm with the 3BK-5 HEATFS shell). The high-velocity and penetrating APFSDS shell allow the T-55A to more easily reach out and destroy long-range enemies. The option to use the BR-412D APCBC shell is also available to use in order to cause devastating post-penetration damages, especially against the [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]] tanks that the APCBC shell can penetrate frontally. However, the presence of other tanks with enough armour to protect against the APCBC shell mean it is only situationally useful. Other helpful differences the T-55A has over the T-54 (1951) is a faster turret traverse rate and stabilizer, the latter of which is very useful when reacting to enemy targets on the move.

The T-55A is suited for a variety of roles and actions when assaulting or defending a point. In these roles, the firepower and mobility is sufficient, but the armour may not stand up against the enemy due to the prevalence of HEATFS and APFSDS ammo at this battle rating. As such, all these tactics should emphasize avoiding being seen and destroyed by the enemy.

[[File:T-55A Weakspot.png|thumb|right|A weak spot of the T-55A's is a shot through the upper front plate, which can knock out three of the four crew members easily.]]

;Assaulting

The T-55A should use its mobility to advance with its allies towards the point. Unless in a downtiered match, try not to take point in the attack to avoid catching a shell right into the upper front plate, which could potentially knock the T-55A out. Avoid hilly terrain (due to the poor gun depression) and close quarter battle in urban terrain as the tank's reload and traverse speed are not sufficient to react to surprise enemy encounters, and the T-55A's rather poor reverse mobility makes retreat difficult, especially in an enclosed area.

The open plain is perhaps one of the better terrain to use the T-55A. The APFSDS dart can allow the T-55A to reach out at enemies that attempt to snipe from a distance. The low profile of the T-55A can even make use of the plain's depression and hills as cover and concealment as it moves closer to the enemies for a better shot.

The T-55A has enough mobility (when upgraded) to try larger flanking manoeuvres against the enemy on more open-spaced maps. Use the T-55A's profile to conceal its advance with the terrain. Use this to get the jump on enemy when they start receiving APFSDS shots from a direction they didn't expect the T-55A to be. Do note however that the T-55A can also encounter enemy flankers like the Leopards, which are faster and have enough firepower to end a T-55A should there be an unexpected encounter during this manoeuvre.

;Defending

The T-55A has a turret traverse that can cover an angle of fire rather quickly, and the APFSDS means it can reach out and hit enemies from a long way before the enemy could get a good visual of the T-55A's position. Establish a zone for the T-55A to cover, preferably one with a choke point that enemies have to funnel through. Coordinate with allies to try and cover all necessary sectors against enemy advances onto a point as while the T-55A can deal with one or so tanks sporadically appearing in its zone, a coordinated attack by the enemy could very quickly overwhelm the T-55A's capacity to defend itself and the point.

;Specific enemies worth noting

Although the T-55A can make short work of most enemies with its APFSDS round, some enemy vehicle in an uptier can be quite difficult to handle:

* [[XM-803]]/[[Leopard 1A5]]: These tanks are highly mobile and have a sufficiently large enough gun to take out the T-55A. As such, these are enemies to expect to encounter on the T-55A's flanks or when the T-55A is flanking. Although, their armour configuration are thin enough that an APFSDS round can still take them out, so try and spot these tanks first before they could spot the T-55A
* [[Chieftain (Family)|Chieftain]]: The armour configuration on a Chieftain requires more precise aiming than just a general "aim-at-center-mass" attitude. The largest weak point for the Chieftain tanks are their lower front plate, but this could be easily obscured if the Chieftain is acting in a hull-down position. Given their [[Ordnance BL Tk. L11 (120 mm)|120 mm]] guns can reach farther and faster than the T-55A's 100 mm, they can deny a much larger zone from tank travel, making it difficult for the T-55A to approach them when they're defending.
* [[T-64A (1971)|T-64]]: Although this is only encountered in mixed battles, these tanks feature armour array on their hull and turrets that can easily resist the T-55A's gun. Try and take them by surprise with a side shot.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility
* Good gun with a wide ammo choices (APDS, APFSDS, APCBC, HEATFS and smoke)
* Roof-mounted machine gun for anti-air defence
* Comes with a stabiliser, unlike its older series the T-54
* Armour provide full protection to autocannons frontally, the relatively thick side armour of 80mm can protect from many autocannons side on.
* Engine smoke system can aid survivability

'''Cons:'''

* Cramped crew layout makes the vehicle easy to knock out in one shot
* Ready rack placed in fuel tanks provides a deadly weakspot
* Stock performance is quite lacklustre
* No rangefinder
* Engine smoke system can only be used to help retreat and can be negated by vehicles with thermals
* The armour doesn't hold up against sabot or HEAT ammunition

== History ==

The T-55A is a variant of the extremely-popular T-55 main battle tank produced by the USSR after the Second World War. Along with the earlier T-54 main battle tanks, the T-54/T-55 MBT family is the most-produced tank series in history. The T-55 MBT design featured numerous improvements over the prior T-54s, including additional NBC (Nuclear, Biological & Chemical) protection systems, a new heavier turret, more ammunition, and improved equipment. The T-55A was a late modification of the earlier T-55 MBT, including improved NBC systems.

The T-54/T-55 family of main battle tanks were among the first main battle tanks to be introduced. The tanks were designed as a follow-up to the T-34 and T-44 medium tanks. Notably, the new T-54/T-55 tanks were fitted with a 100 mm rifled gun that was capable of penetrating the most heavily-armoured western tanks of the time but had a faster reload compared to the 122 mm guns used on the IS-series of heavy tanks.

The T-55 was designed as an evolutionary development of the T-54 MBT and included numerous changes compared to the previous tank model. Notably, the T-55 received NBC protection equipment designed to protect against tactical nuclear weapons. The T-55A further improved on the T-55's NBC protection system by introducing a full chemical weapon filtration system along with an anti-radiation lining inside the tank. These improvements greatly increased the crew's survivability against nuclear or chemical warfare. Compared to the T-54, the T-55 had its total shell capacity increased from 34 to 45; the T-55A was able to carry six more shells, through the removal of the hull machine gun.

The T-55A began production in 1963 and continued until 1977; numerous improvements were developed, including the T-55AM, a modified version of the T-55A featuring composite armour. The T-55 family served extensively with countries of the Warsaw Pact and was exported to many other countries. The T-55 family was retired from the Russian army in 2012 with remaining vehicles sold off to other countries; variants of the tank remain in service with numerous countries.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_55a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|B6ZsuPjSuNo|'''T-54/T-55 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:39 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|pvIlsWO9aqk|'''T-55A - The Russian Cannon Fodder''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''|PlF7IJ4Z1rA|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Awesome Gunfood''' - ''Napalmratte''|3zJsVor0TRA|'''T-55A versus M60A1 RISE (P)''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|DVsb1ZNbKp4|'''T-55A Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|k15BSV4Xx9w|'''The Shooting Range #46''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 05:06 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[T-62 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4706-development-t-55a-the-eastern-menace-en|[Devblog] T-55A - The Eastern Menace]]

{{USSR medium tanks}}

T-55A

2022-05-04T10:18:49Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = Soviet medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-54/55 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_55a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]].

After active development of nuclear weapons, the [[T-54/55 (Family)|T-54]] was tested against nuclear charges. It was evaluated that the crew could survive only at distances of over 700 m, so it was decided to create a new tank that would have a nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) protection system, or ''Protivoatomnaya Zashchita'' (PAZ). The initial designs for this tank were completed in 1956, however, that was without additional NBC protection. In 1961, the development of an NBC system began, and it was introduced in the new T-55A variant. Among other upgrades, the T-55 had an increased ammunition supply with 18 more rounds being stored in the fuel tanks.

The T-55 became a replacement for Soviet heavy tanks (IS series and the [[T-10M|T-10]]). Armour was sacrificed for better mobility and a better gun. Currently, the T-55A is one of the only vehicles at its rank to still have an AP shell with explosive filler, which can easily knock out most vehicles in a single shot from the sides and some from the front (notably, Leopards 1). Unfortunately, the T-55A is relatively slow compared to other medium tanks at its battle rating.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:T-55A XRay Side.png|thumb|left|X-Ray view of the T-55A when viewed from the side. Note how packed the tank interior is of critical components, ammunition, and crew.]]

The T-55A has moderate frontal protection, with 100 mm plates for upper front plate (UFP) and lower front plate (LFP) placed at angles 59° and 56° respectively; effective thickness frontally comes up to ~180 mm and ~200 mm, respectively. At a perfect angle, the {{PAGENAME}} can bring its frontal effective thickness to ~200 mm and ~220 mm for the UFP and LFP, while having ~250 mm of protection at the angled sides. However, the additional 20 mm of armour will rarely save the tank from APFSDS, or even APDS, shells that are flying around at this rank.

As for the turret, the T-55A has slightly less protection than the T-62 and combined with a generally larger turret, it is easier for opponents to hit and penetrate the turret. The thinnest spots are right next to the cannon breech, at 200 mm, which rather slowly becomes over 300 mm when moving further away from the breech.

The {{PAGENAME}}'s weakest area to be attacked at is the port side; or when looking directly at the {{PAGENAME}}, its right side. This is because three of the four crew members are neatly lined up into a row. A well placed APFSDS shot to this area through the UFP will one-shot the T-55A.

Despite this vulnerability, it will do well for the {{PAGENAME}}'s overall survival if it does not get hit at all during its lifespan on the battlefield. Due to how packed the interior is, any penetrating shot is sure to cripple or outright destroy the tank.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 100 mm (59-77°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (56-59°) ''Lower glacis'' || 80 mm || 20 mm (61°) ''Upper'' 45 mm (16°) ''Middle'' 20 mm (71°) ''Lower'' || 30 mm ''General'' 45 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 130-200 mm (14-39°) ''Turret front'' || 100-160 mm (15-73°) || 66-110 mm (4-41°) || 30 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspensions wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=899|rbMinHp=513}}

The maximum speed that the T-55A can reach is listed as 56 km/h (AB) and 50 km/h (RB/SB). That is ~15 km/h slower than the [[Leopard A1A1]]. However, the amount of firepower that the T-55A brings to the battlefield, coupled together with the ability to withstand shots sometimes, that speed is decent. Backwards, the T-55A can go at up to -7 km/h, which won't let you back out of tricky situations often.

The T-55A cannot turn in neutral gear, which makes it difficult to manoeuvre in close-quarter encounters, which often occur in urban environments. The acceleration is good, the T-55A can get to 25 km/h from a standstill on flat, rough terrain in a few seconds, and turning is decent on flat ground.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

With a default APDS round available, the T-55A is somewhat viable in a downtier to assist going through the modification research. Aside from getting the survivability upgrades in the "Parts" and "FPE" modules, unlocking better ammunition choices should be prioritised in order to access the more potent APFSDS round and the HEAT-FS shell in the "3BM25" and "3BK17M" modules respectively. The "NVD" module should also be researched early in order to survive the possibility of the next ground battle being at night time.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}


The T-55A houses a 100 mm D-10T2S rifled anti-tank gun, which is equipped with an ejector and two-plane stabilizer arms. In-game, the T-55A has a 10.3 s reload rate, which is similar to its successor, the T-62. This rate of fire doesn't allow the T-55A to rush into battle and fend off waves of Leopards or [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48]]s and [[M60 (Family)|M60]]s, but it is sufficient to defeat one or two opponents in quick succession with good shot placements, granted you shoot first.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[D-10T2S (100 mm)|100 mm D-10T2S]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 43 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 14.3 || 19.8 || 24.0 || 26.5 || 28.2 || rowspan="2" | 11.05 || rowspan="2" | 9.78 || rowspan="2" | 9.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The stock round (3BM-8, APDS) allows the T-55A to penetrate [[MBT-70]] and [[KPz-70]] frontally, as well as deal with all other major threats, notably the [[Leopard I|Leopards]] (which you can penetrate anywhere), and [[Chieftain Mk 3|Chieftains]] (LFP, or UFP/LFP with the APFSDS round). One of the major advantages that the T-55A has over the majority of rank VI vehicles is its APCBC shell, which has the potential to knock out any opponent it penetrates in a single shot. It is advised to flank your enemies and when given the opportunity, easily destroy oncoming enemies with this round.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 3BM-8 || APDS || 299 || 298 || 291 || 272 || 253 || 249
|-
| BR-412D || APCBC || 239 || 236 || 220 || 202 || 186 || 170
|-
| 3BM25 || APFSDS || 335 || 330 || 307 || 290 || 275 || 260
|-
| 3BK17M || HEATFS || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390
|-
| OF-412 || HE || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 3BM-8 || APDS || 1,415 || 4.13 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| BR-412D || APCBC || 887 || 15.9 || 1.2 || 19 || 93.94 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| 3BM25 || APFSDS || 1,430 || 3.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| 3BK17M || HEATFS || 1,085 || 9.96 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,440 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OF-412 || HE || 900 || 15.6 || 0 || 0.1 || 1,460 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| 3D3 || 880 || 15.6 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 272
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''43''' || 42 ''(+1)'' || 37 ''(+6)'' || 33 ''(+10)'' || 21 ''(+22)'' || 19 ''(+24)'' || 1 ''(+42)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* If you pack 19 ''(+24)'' shells, it will fill only the frontal wet stowage ready rack.
* Rack 6 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 18 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
** This rack is also emptied early: the depletion order at full capacity is: 6 - 1 - 2 - etc. until 5.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-5 into rack 6. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}


The T-55A has a roof-mounted 12.7 mm DShK machine gun, which allows it to fight low-flying aircraft or helicopters. However, it is not effective against jets. It is recommended to use this machine gun against lightly armoured ground targets and to check whether or not a tank is alive or not, by shooting its tracks (which can also be done with the coaxial machine gun).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 350 (50) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,500 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The T-55A usage in battle is very similar to the T-54 tanks prior to it. Aside from some minor design differences, the general armour layout of the T-55A is similar to that of the preceding [[T-54 (1951)]]. The mobility is slightly better due to a more powerful engine, enabling a higher hp-to-ton ratio despite the small weight increase. The firepower of the T-55A compared to its predecessor is what makes it stand out, with access to the 3BM25 APFSDS ammunition that can penetrate 335 mm at point-blank range (compared to the T-54 (1951)'s point-blank penetration of 299 mm with the 3BM-8 APDS and 380 mm with the 3BK-5 HEATFS shell). The high-velocity and penetrating APFSDS shell allow the T-55A to more easily reach out and destroy long-range enemies. The option to use the BR-412D APCBC shell is also available to use in order to cause devastating post-penetration damages, especially against the [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]] tanks that the APCBC shell can penetrate frontally. However, the presence of other tanks with enough armour to protect against the APCBC shell mean it is only situationally useful. Other helpful differences the T-55A has over the T-54 (1951) is a faster turret traverse rate and stabilizer, the latter of which is very useful when reacting to enemy targets on the move.

The T-55A is suited for a variety of roles and actions when assaulting or defending a point. In these roles, the firepower and mobility is sufficient, but the armour may not stand up against the enemy due to the prevalence of HEATFS and APFSDS ammo at this battle rating. As such, all these tactics should emphasize avoiding being seen and destroyed by the enemy.

[[File:T-55A Weakspot.png|thumb|right|A weak spot of the T-55A's is a shot through the upper front plate, which can knock out three of the four crew members easily.]]

;Assaulting

The T-55A should use its mobility to advance with its allies towards the point. Unless in a downtiered match, try not to take point in the attack to avoid catching a shell right into the upper front plate, which could potentially knock the T-55A out. Avoid hilly terrain (due to the poor gun depression) and close quarter battle in urban terrain as the tank's reload and traverse speed are not sufficient to react to surprise enemy encounters, and the T-55A's rather poor reverse mobility makes retreat difficult, especially in an enclosed area.

The open plain is perhaps one of the better terrain to use the T-55A. The APFSDS dart can allow the T-55A to reach out at enemies that attempt to snipe from a distance. The low profile of the T-55A can even make use of the plain's depression and hills as cover and concealment as it moves closer to the enemies for a better shot.

The T-55A has enough mobility (when upgraded) to try larger flanking manoeuvres against the enemy on more open-spaced maps. Use the T-55A's profile to conceal its advance with the terrain. Use this to get the jump on enemy when they start receiving APFSDS shots from a direction they didn't expect the T-55A to be. Do note however that the T-55A can also encounter enemy flankers like the Leopards, which are faster and have enough firepower to end a T-55A should there be an unexpected encounter during this manoeuvre.

;Defending

The T-55A has a turret traverse that can cover an angle of fire rather quickly, and the APFSDS means it can reach out and hit enemies from a long way before the enemy could get a good visual of the T-55A's position. Establish a zone for the T-55A to cover, preferably one with a choke point that enemies have to funnel through. Coordinate with allies to try and cover all necessary sectors against enemy advances onto a point as while the T-55A can deal with one or so tanks sporadically appearing in its zone, a coordinated attack by the enemy could very quickly overwhelm the T-55A's capacity to defend itself and the point.

;Specific enemies worth noting

Although the T-55A can make short work of most enemies with its APFSDS round, some enemy vehicle in an uptier can be quite difficult to handle:

* [[XM-803]]/[[Leopard 1A5]]: These tanks are highly mobile and have a sufficiently large enough gun to take out the T-55A. As such, these are enemies to expect to encounter on the T-55A's flanks or when the T-55A is flanking. Although, their armour configuration are thin enough that an APFSDS round can still take them out, so try and spot these tanks first before they could spot the T-55A
* [[Chieftain (Family)|Chieftain]]: The armour configuration on a Chieftain requires more precise aiming than just a general "aim-at-center-mass" attitude. The largest weak point for the Chieftain tanks are their lower front plate, but this could be easily obscured if the Chieftain is acting in a hull-down position. Given their [[Ordnance BL Tk. L11 (120 mm)|120 mm]] guns can reach farther and faster than the T-55A's 100 mm, they can deny a much larger zone from tank travel, making it difficult for the T-55A to approach them when they're defending.
* [[T-64A (1971)|T-64]]: Although this is only encountered in mixed battles, these tanks feature armour array on their hull and turrets that can easily resist the T-55A's gun. Try and take them by surprise with a side shot.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility
* Good gun with a wide ammo choices (APDS, APFSDS, APCBC, HEATFS and smoke)
* Roof-mounted machine gun for anti-air defence
* Comes with a stabiliser, unlike its older series the T-54
* Armour provide full protection to autocannons frontally, the relatively thick side armour of 80mm can protect from many autocannons side on.

'''Cons:'''

* Cramped crew layout makes the vehicle easy to knock out in one shot
* Ready rack placed in fuel tanks provides a deadly weakspot
* Stock performance is quite lacklustre
* No rangefinder
* Only smokes are grenades deployed at the rear of the vehicle
* The armour doesn't hold up against sabot or HEAT ammunition

== History ==

The T-55A is a variant of the extremely-popular T-55 main battle tank produced by the USSR after the Second World War. Along with the earlier T-54 main battle tanks, the T-54/T-55 MBT family is the most-produced tank series in history. The T-55 MBT design featured numerous improvements over the prior T-54s, including additional NBC (Nuclear, Biological & Chemical) protection systems, a new heavier turret, more ammunition, and improved equipment. The T-55A was a late modification of the earlier T-55 MBT, including improved NBC systems.

The T-54/T-55 family of main battle tanks were among the first main battle tanks to be introduced. The tanks were designed as a follow-up to the T-34 and T-44 medium tanks. Notably, the new T-54/T-55 tanks were fitted with a 100 mm rifled gun that was capable of penetrating the most heavily-armoured western tanks of the time but had a faster reload compared to the 122 mm guns used on the IS-series of heavy tanks.

The T-55 was designed as an evolutionary development of the T-54 MBT and included numerous changes compared to the previous tank model. Notably, the T-55 received NBC protection equipment designed to protect against tactical nuclear weapons. The T-55A further improved on the T-55's NBC protection system by introducing a full chemical weapon filtration system along with an anti-radiation lining inside the tank. These improvements greatly increased the crew's survivability against nuclear or chemical warfare. Compared to the T-54, the T-55 had its total shell capacity increased from 34 to 45; the T-55A was able to carry six more shells, through the removal of the hull machine gun.

The T-55A began production in 1963 and continued until 1977; numerous improvements were developed, including the T-55AM, a modified version of the T-55A featuring composite armour. The T-55 family served extensively with countries of the Warsaw Pact and was exported to many other countries. The T-55 family was retired from the Russian army in 2012 with remaining vehicles sold off to other countries; variants of the tank remain in service with numerous countries.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_55a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|B6ZsuPjSuNo|'''T-54/T-55 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:39 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|pvIlsWO9aqk|'''T-55A - The Russian Cannon Fodder''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''|PlF7IJ4Z1rA|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Awesome Gunfood''' - ''Napalmratte''|3zJsVor0TRA|'''T-55A versus M60A1 RISE (P)''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|DVsb1ZNbKp4|'''T-55A Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|k15BSV4Xx9w|'''The Shooting Range #46''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 05:06 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[T-62 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4706-development-t-55a-the-eastern-menace-en|[Devblog] T-55A - The Eastern Menace]]

{{USSR medium tanks}}

Chi-Nu II

2022-04-15T14:58:37Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
|about=premium Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=the regular version
|link=Chi-Nu
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_type_3_chi_nu_75cm_type_5
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced with the initial Japanese Ground Forces tree in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]], but was released once all the rank III Japanese tanks were available to the public in the Closed Beta Test. The Chi-Nu II is essentially the [[Chi-Nu|Chi-Nu]] body with the turret from the [[Chi-To|Chi-To]], giving the tank access to the high-power [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|Type II Model II 75 mm]].

The Chi-Nu II is a combination between two vehicles, the Type 3 Chi-Nu and the Type 4 Chi-To. It has the armour of the former, but the gun of the latter. Thus, while presenting itself as a more vulnerable body with only around 50 mm of armour, it has slightly better mobility than the Chi-To, a smaller profile, yet carries the same gun. Like the Chi-To, the Chi-Nu II should be played in a sniper-like format from a distance rather than up-close to the enemy and fighting them in close-quarters.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50 mm (15°) ''Front plate'' 12 mm (76°) ''Front glacis'' 50 mm (20°) ''Joint plate'' 8.5 mm (65°) ''Lower glacis'' || 20 mm (15-30°) ''Top'' 25 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm (0-20°) ''Top'' 8.5 mm (63°) ''Bottom'' || 12 mm
|-
| Turret || 50 mm (16°) ''Turret front'' 50 mm (10°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (9-10°) || 25 mm || 12 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 50 mm || 12 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=372|rbMinHp=212}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type II Model II (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type II Model II (75 mm)|75 mm Type II Model II]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 48 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 15.7 || 21.7 || 26.4 || 29.2 || 31.1 || rowspan="2" | 7.67 || rowspan="2" | 6.79 || rowspan="2" | 6.25 || rowspan="2" | 5.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.8 || 11.5 || 14.0 || 15.5 || 16.5
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 149 || 146 || 133 || 118 || 105 || 93
|-
| Type 4 Kou || APHE || 151 || 148 || 137 || 124 || 112 || 101
|-
| Type 90 HE || HE || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 865 || 6.56 || 1.3 || 15 || 84.8 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Type 4 Kou || APHE || 865 || 6.75 || 1.2 || 14 || 80.64 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Type 90 HE || HE || 830 || 6.17 || 0 || 0.1 || 490 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''48''' || 17 ''(+31)'' || 13 ''(+35)'' || 1 ''(+47)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Note''':

* Turret empty: 17 ''(+31)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 97 (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (20) || 498 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
| Hull || 3,000 (20) || 498 || -7°/+10° || ±19°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Chi-Nu II is one of the best bargains you can get for the price, it has a high penetrating Type 5 cannon at a lower BR of the regular tanks carrying it ([[Chi-To]], [[Chi-Ri II]]) in a tight package of the [[Chi-Nu]], this comes with a somewhat weaker engine (compared to the heavier Chi-To & Chi-Ri) but the pro's outweigh the con's.

One may consider the Chi-Nu II a glass cannon, and a great one at that, the armor isn't much to write home about, but it isn't paper thin either. It's a very well rounded medium tank in playstyle and can be compared and played like a [[Pz.IV F2#Usage in battle|Pz.IV F2]], it can destroy anything, but anything can destroy it. But unlike the Pz.IV, reload speeds are longer in exchange for a faster turret rotation.

Against the medium tanks, its simply getting the first shot off first as the 75 mm Type 5 cannon on the Chi-Nu could penetrate most through the front hull armour, with some levels of difficulty on the turret. Of course, for maximizing the Chi-Nu's own survival, attack from the sides and make sure the enemy is unaware of the Chi-Nu's presence.

The Chi-Nu II can meet heavy tanks, but will most likely be the 76 mm [[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1]] [[KV-1S|series]] [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|tanks]], which the 75 mm can easily punch through the front armour. The Chi-Nu II can still meet the British [[Churchill Mk VII]], which is impervious to the high-penetrating 75 mm from the front, so beware if caught in a frontal engagement.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 75 mm cannon rivalling the soviet 85mm, good penetration and very low shell drop-off
* Fast reload, can be brought down to 5.9 seconds with ace crew
* Decent gun depression of -10°
* Good handling, same as Chi-Nu
* Above average mobility
* Narrow chassis allows access through areas inaccessible by wider tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Packed crew due to narrow chassis leads to poor survivability against all shells
* Poor armour all around, can be easily penetrated by any tank even in full downtiers
* No co-axial machine gun makes it difficult to deal with unarmoured targets

== History ==

===Development===
The lackluster performance of Japanese tanks in World War II called for the development of newer medium tanks in the Imperial Japanese Army. The standard tank of the time was the [[Chi-Ha|Type 97 Chi-Ha]], which has its chassis used in many expedient models to provide a bigger gun for the Japanese inventory such as the [[Chi-Ha Kai|Chi-Ha Kai]], [[Chi-He|Type 1 Chi-He]], [[Ho-I|Type 2 Ho-I]], and [[Chi-Nu|Type 3 Chi-Nu]]. Two new sophisticated tanks were also in development, the [[Chi-To|Type 4 Chi-To]] and the [[Chi-Ri II|Type 5 Chi-Ri]], both fielding the powerful Type 5 75 mm gun. However, these two tanks still needed time to iron out some design bugs, time that the Japanese did not have while being stared down by the Allied powers. To get the Type 5 gun out to their forces as fast as possible, designers sought a way to get the gun onto a vehicle as fast as possible. The solution laid on the Type 3 Chi-Nu, regarded as one of Japan's best tank since its production start date in 1943.<ref name="SenshaManualChiNuII">Sun, Eun Ae. ''[WT] Type3 Chi-Nu II'' SENSHA. Blogger.com, 15 Jan. 2017. Web. 24 Jan. 2017. [http://sensha-manual.blogspot.com/2017/01/wt-type3-chi-nu-ii.html Website]</ref>

The Chi-To's prototype models had larger turrets that were different from the main production model. Instead of wasting these turrets, the Japanese decided to use them on the Chi-Nu body. In March 1945, a Chi-To prototype turret was attached onto Chi-Nu chassis #37. This upgraded Chi-Nu, along the line of the Chi-Ha's upgrade, was informally labeled the ''Chi-Nu Kai''. The design was tested on the Irago Firing Grounds on March 19th and proved itself very satisfactory in combat roles. The final design was to equip the Chi-Nu with production model Chi-To turret to increase production levels and it was to help improve Japan's armoured forces to stand up against the Allies' might. This Chi-Nu with the production Chi-To turret was known as '''Chi-Nu II'''.<ref name="SenshaManualChiNuII" />

===War's end===
Like most of the Japanese late-war tanks developed and retained in the home island for the "final defense", the modified Chi-Nu and its counterparts never saw battle against Allied armour. Japan surrendered in September 1945, effectively ending World War II. A few Chi-Nu IIs were made before the end, but they are most likely sent to the scrap yard along with most of the other Japanese equipment with their demilitarization.<ref name="SenshaManualChiNuII" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_type_3_chi_nu_75cm_type_5 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|aTqPFjW2K-o|'''The Shooting Range #177''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|oa26g25qqP4|'''Best medium tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:33 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4428-development-type-3-chi-nu-ii-crouching-tiger-en|[Devblog] Type 3 Chi-Nu II - Crouching Tiger]]
* [[wt:en/news/4468-a-new-japanese-premium-tank-the-chi-nu-ii-is-now-available-for-purchase-en|[News] A new Japanese premium tank, the Chi-Nu II is now available for purchase]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Japan medium tanks}}
{{Japan premium ground vehicles}}

Ratel 90

2022-04-15T14:51:46Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = British light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ratel (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_ratel_90
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

The Ratel 90 is an IFV designed to provide fire support for the Mechanized South African Battalions in combat. It was modified to this duty with the identical turret found on the [[Eland 90 Mk.7]].

With a needed playstyle keen to recon and opportunistic target eliminations by flanking, the Ratel 90 is currently the fastest vehicle available for the British tree at the rank.

Unfortunately, the vehicle is fast not because of a good engine, but instead because of the cutback of any armour. Players accustomed to holding off some shells in similar ranked vehicles as the [[Tortoise]] will have troubles surviving in this IFV. So instead it shall be played similarly to the [[Charioteer Mk VII|Charioteer]], now with more cooperative abilities as the scouting.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret, cupola)
* Cast homogeneous armour (gun mantlet)
* Wheel (tires, suspension rods)
* Bulletproof glass (driver windows)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (30°) ''Front plate'' 10 mm (75°) ''Upper Glacis'' 20 mm (30°) ''Lower plate''
| 8 mm (26°) ''Top'' 10 mm (2-27°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm (0-43°) || 6 mm
|-
| Turret || 12 mm (30°) ''Turret front'' 12 mm (8°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 10 mm (17-21°) || 10 mm (16°) || 10 mm (16°) ''Front part'' 10 mm ''Rear part'' 8 mm ''Gunner hatch''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" | 8-10 mm (spherical) || 8 mm (46-85°) ''Hatch''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Wheels and suspension are 10 mm thick.
* Belly is 8 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=437|rbMinHp=249}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|GT-2 (90 mm)}}

The Ratel 90 uses the GT-2, a licensed copy of the French 90 mm DEFA F1 low pressure cannon. The Ratel 90 comes with a stock OCC 60-62 HEATFS ammunition, capable of penetrating most tanks at its BR at any distance. Since the OCC 60-62 is a HEAT-FS shell, most of the damage will be spalling, meaning that the commander must know the opposing vehicle's crew layout and take out the most critical parts and crew members.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[GT-2 (90 mm)|90 mm GT-2]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 53 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 22.7 || 31.4 || 38.1 || 42.1 || 44.8 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.2 || 16.7 || 20.2 || 22.4 || 23.8
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OCC 60-62 || HEATFS || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320
|-
| OE 90 F1 || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OCC 60-62 || HEATFS || 750 || 8.95 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 877.7 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OE 90 F1 || HE || 640 || 10.45 || 0 || 0.1 || 945 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| OFUM PH90-F2 || 640 || 10.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''53''' || 51 ''(+2)'' || 47 ''(+6)'' || 41 ''(+12)'' || 35 ''(+18)'' || 23 ''(+30)'' || 11 ''(+42)'' || 6 ''(+47)'' || 1 ''(+52)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Racks 7 and 8 are first stage ammo racks. They total 10 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
* These racks are also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 7 - 8 - 1 - 2 etc. until 6.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 6 into racks 8 then 7. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Browning MG4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,600 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+3° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Ratel 90 is a vehicle that should be used primarily in a support or defensive role. In the support role, it is recommended that you stick with your teammates, specifically behind them. Focus on scouting targets for your team. You should stay behind your teammates due to the vehicle's lack of armour, ineffective even against small arms. In the defensive role, you chose a firing spot and cover a certain line of sight with a cover nearby, peaking out only to fire. In both roles, you should make extensive use of your binoculars to scan for and scout targets.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great penetration and adequate ballistics; currently the first accessible vehicle in the British ranks with HEAT rounds
* Adequate mobility once fully upgraded (on roads and optimal terrains)
* Scouting, smoke grenades and smoke shells provide great supporting abilities
* Large vehicle size helps with the 90 mm gun recoil
* The large size of the vehicle paired with plenty of empty space gives it extremely high survivability in some scenarios

'''Cons:'''

* Gun is not stabilized, the vehicle needs to stop to fire accurately; HEAT requires a very precise firing
* Huge size, hard to conceal and difficult to manoeuvre in close quarters
* Very unreliable armour and only 3 crew members; easily destroyed on all angles even with 12.7 mm MG
* Despite good top-speed, acceleration is not great on rough terrain; low power-to-weight ratio (14 HP/t)
* Wheeled configuration and underpowered engine struggles on deep sand and snow

== History ==

[[File:Ratel 90 South-Africa.jpg|x200px|left|thumb|none|An assortment of Ratel IFVs, with a Ratel 90 in the foreground center.]]
The Ratel 90 was based on the Ratel 20 but with significant changes. The main feature of the Ratel 90 is a Denel DT-2 90 mm low velocity gun in the turret from the Eland 90 armoured car. Additionally, the hull roof was reinforced and the amount of troop hatches on top was reduced from four to two. Space for one of the passengers was removed to provide space for more 90 mm ammunition.

The Ratel 90 was designed to be used in the infantry support role but during the South African Border War they were forced into the anti-tank role. Against the initial T-34-85 tanks used by the FAPLA, the Ratel 90 proved to be a very deadly adversary. But once the FAPLA began receiving newer Soviet and Cuban T-54, T-55, and T-62 tanks, the Ratel 90 was forced to use its high mobility to outmanoeuvre the enemy tanks. Once the Ratel 90 was on the flank, they had to fire multiple 90 mm HEAT rounds into the enemy tanks, often aiming for weak points such as the engine and turret ring.

'''Operators'''

* South Africa
* Morrocco
* Ghana
* Rwanda
* Djibouti
* Central African Republic (CAR)

----
=== [[wt:en/news/7067-development-ratel-90-the-bush-breaker-en|Devblog]] ===
[[File:SANDF Armed Forces Day 2017 - South African Army Ratel IFV (32921886001).jpg|x250px|right|thumb|none|A side view of a Ratel 90.]]
In the late 1960s, the South African military began changing its doctrine towards highly mobile warfare, embodied by small mechanized infantry units. The change in doctrine was necessitated when the military realized that heavy armour faced extreme difficulties operating in rural areas of the country. As a result, the army needed a new ICVnot only to ferry troops into battle but also to actively support them in the field. To that extent, a basic requirement for an ICV was formulated and a number of both domestic and well as foreign designs were evaluated.

The domestic Springfield-Büssing company developed a promising six-wheel ICVprototype, called the Buffel, constructed on the basis of a MAN truck. The further developed Buffel prototype was eventually selected for procurement and entered service with the military as the 'Ratel'. Production of the Ratel began in the mid 1970s, after a limited initial batch of production vehicles successfully underwent testing. Being a family of fighting vehicles, the Ratel came in various modifications, including the base model armed with a 20 mm cannon, two mortar versions, a close fire support variant armed with a 90 mm gun, as well as a command and ATGM carrier modifications.

Ratels served in numerous conflicts since their first introduction in the mid 1970s, with nearly all of its active service taking place on the African continent. The Ratel 90 saw its first combat use in 1980 during the South African Border War, where Ratel 90 anti-tank teams came face to face with T-54/55s on multiple occasions. By the end of production in 1993, some 1304 Ratels were produced across all variants. Due to its simplistic design and perfect fit for the dry climate of sub-Saharan Africa, the Ratel proved at home in the Middle East and north-west Africa. As a result, around a dozen more nations, excluding South Africa, still operate the Ratel ICV.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_ratel_90 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Ratel 90 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Ratel 90 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Ratel 90 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Ratel 90 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Ratel 90 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Ratel 90 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Related service history

* [[Eland 90 Mk.7]]
* [[Ratel 20]]
* [[T-34-85]]
* [[PT-76B]]
* [[T-54/55 (Family)]]

;Similar playstyle

* [[AUBL/74]]
* [[FIAT 6614]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7067-development-ratel-90-the-bush-breaker-en|[Devblog] Ratel 90: The Bush-Breaker]]

{{TankManufacturer Sandock-Austral}}
{{Britain light tanks}}

[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Olifant Mk.1A

2022-04-15T14:49:16Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Olifant Mk.2
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_olifant_mk_1a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

The Olifant is an early South African modification of the legendary Centurion tank. The vehicle received an increase in firepower and mobility from the earlier British series, to match the needs of extended cruising capabilities and long-distance skirmishes within the dusty and heated African environment.

Fitted with a GT-3 cannon, the Olifant should be as persuasive as most NATO counterparts, due to the GT-3 being a variant of the popular British-made Royal Ordnance L7 gun. On the weak side, the armour layout can be described as obsolete against HEAT and APFSDS, which are quite common at Olifant's rank. This lack of armour simultaneously with a notable slow turret traverse and below average top speed, commits the Olifant to use distance, uneven grounds and marksmanship skills to endure the battles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,162|rbMinHp=663}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|GT-3 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[GT-3 (105 mm)|105 mm GT-3]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 72 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 11.4 || 15.8 || 19.2 || 21.2 || 22.6 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10.2 || 11.3 || 12.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| M156 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M152 || HEATFS || 1,173 || 10.5 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M156 || HESH || 732 || 14.85 || 0.1 || 4 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| M111 || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M416 || 730 || 11.4 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''72''' || 66 ''(+6)'' || 61 ''(+11)'' || 58 ''(+14)'' || 54 ''(+18)'' || 46 ''(+26)'' || 32 ''(+40)'' || 8 ''(+64)'' || 1 ''(+71)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Rack 8 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 7 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 8 - 1 - 2 - etc. until 7.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 7 into rack 8. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+50° || ±180°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Strong and accurate APFSDS & HEATs; similar ballistics to guns found on [[Rooikat MTTD]] and the [[Rooikat 105]]
* Laser rangefinder and NVD for long-range/night operations + bonus of smoke screen and smoke shells
* Excellent gun elevation and depression angles (-10°, +20°)
* The machine gun area on the turret can bounce some carelessly aimed shells
* Fuel tanks in the front and rear may protect the engine, crew and the ammo racks from HEAT shells
* Acceleration is adequate once fully spaded; keeping similar instant mobility to the [[Centurion Mk 3]] or [[Centurion Mk.5/1]]
* Hull can be turned extremely fast when spaded, making up for poor turret traverse

'''Cons:'''

* Very poor turret traverse, quick target acquisition is hard without steering the hull
* Poor stock acceleration and top speed, compared to other MBTs at the BR; even inferior to the [[Chieftain Mk 5]] when spaded
* APFSDS is a tier 4 modification: early module research must be done with the more unreliable HEAT shells
* Obsolete armour for the rank: unreliable against most APFSDS or HEAT rounds even with small calibre guns
* The ammo rack to the right of the driver is a major weak spot

== History ==

=== Predecessor: Olifant Mk.1 ===
The Olifant Mk.1 was a South African conversion of Centurion Mk.3 tanks to a modified standard. Conversions began in 1979 and lasted until 1984; a total of 153 Olifant Mk.1s were converted from Centurion Mk.3s. Not long after the Olifant Mk.1 entered production, T-55 tanks were obtained and tested which revealed flaws in the Olifant Mk.1 by comparison. Fortunately for the SADF, an upgrade of the Olifant Mk.1 was already under development.

=== Olifant Mk.1A ===
The Olifant Mk.1A was an upgrade for the Olifant Mk.1 that began development in 1981. The main features were a new, fully stabilized 105 mm GT3B main gun, a new fire control system, and other improvements.

'''Design'''

'''General'''

The Olifant Mk.1A has a crew of four, the driver in the hull and the commander, gunner, and loader in the turret. It maintains the base of the Centurion but with overhauls in most important aspects such as mobility and firepower.

'''Mobility'''

The Horstman suspension of the Centurion was retained on the Mk.1A, having never been changed on the Olifant Mk.1 or Mk.1A. Propulsion was provided by a Continental 29-litre turbo charged air cooled radial V12 engine, which could produce 750 horsepower. In order to prevent the dust from the environment from interfering with the engine's operation, new dust filters were added. Additionally, a new rail system was implemented that allowed the engine to be replaced in only thirty minutes with a crane. A new transmission was fitted with two forward and one reverse gear. The Olifant Mk.1A had a horsepower to ton ratio of 13.39 hp/t and could achieve a maximum speed of 45 km/h.

The fuel supply was increased from 458 litres to 1,240 litres, allowing the range of the Olifant Mk.1A to increase to 350 km at the maximum (the Centurion Mk.5 could only travel 190 km maximum). The reliability and ease of maintenance took precedence on the Olifant Mk.1A, reducing the amount of maintenance that needed to be done overall.

'''Armament'''

The main armament of the Olifant Mk.1A was a 105 mm L7 or GT3B rifled cannon, which was fully stabilized. The ammunition initially consisted of the L52A3 APDS, M456 HEAT and M156 HEAT rounds. In the mid-1980s, M111 APFSDS rounds were acquired for use on the Olifant Mk.1A as the primary anti-tank ammunition. The ammunition stowage was redesigned and as such the total amount of 105 mm ammunition was increased from 64 to 72 rounds.

The turret rotation and gun elevation mechanisms were replaced with an improved electrical model. Also, the main gun was fully stabilized. A new fire control system (FCS) was fitted. The gunner's 6x zoom sight was replaced with an Eloptro 8x zoom sight which included a laser rangefinder.

Secondary armament consisted of a coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and a pintle-mounted 7.62 mm machine gun on the commander's cupola. At least 5,600 rounds of 7.62 mm ammunition were provided.

'''Protection'''

The Olifant Mk.1A retained the armour of the Centurion Mk 3. Needless to say, the Olifant Mk.1A was incredibly vulnerable to the T-54/55 and T-62 tanks it would face in combat, and also to RPG-7 infantry anti-tank weapons. The Olifant Mk.1A had two banks of four smoke grenades each mounted on each side of the turret for a total of eight launchers.

'''Production and Service'''

'''Production'''

The Olifant Mk.1A entered production in 1983 and entered service with the SADF in 1985. A total of 153 Olifant Mk.1As were converted from Olifant Mk.1s by the late 1980s and it was only adopted by South Africa.

'''Service'''

The first combat deployment of the Olifant Mk.1A was during the South African Border War which consisted of Operations Modular, Packer, and Hooper from 1987-1988. During these operations, South Africa came to the aid of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) who were at risk of destruction by the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (FAPLA), who were supported by Cuba and the Soviet Union (USSR).

Eight brigades and an auxiliary support force of the FAPLA (along with Soviet advisors) moved from Cuito Cuanavale to attack the UNITA forces at Jamba and Mavinga. The SADF sent Olifant Mk.1 and Mk.1A tanks in two squadrons - of 11 tanks and two command tanks each - to Angola to reinforce the Ratel 90 armoured cars that made up the rest of the anti-armour materiel there. During the conflict, Olifants and Ratel 90s faced off against 150 FAPLA T-54 and T-55 main battle tanks (MBTs) in a large-scale conventional war fought at incredibly close ranges of only 50 to 150 meters.

The Olifant Mk.1A saw its first combat with E-Squadron during Operation Modular in 1987. During that operation the tank crews preferred to load HEAT rounds rather than APFSDS rounds because HEAT rounds are effective against light and heavy armoured targets, though they could detonate prematurely upon contact with the brush. Additionally, HEAT rounds made a more noticeable visual indication of a hit on an enemy tank, and there was also a fear that APFSDS rounds would ricochet off of trees. Due to the thick brush, tank engagements occurred at very close ranges due to reduced visibility.

The first knock out of a FAPLA tank by an Olifant occurred during the Battle of Chambinga against the FAPLA 16th Brigade during Operation Modular, with a kill credited first to Lt. Hein Fourie's Olifant on 9 November 1987 followed by another credited to Lt. Abrie Strauss' Olifant.

The SADF began Operation Hooper on 2 January 1988, with F-Squadron under the command of Major Tim Rudman taking the offensive against the FAPLA 21st Brigade which was holding at the River Cuatir. During the operation, Cuban forces counterattacked in an action that resulted in the loss of several Olifant tanks; one was damaged in combat, two were detracked by anti-tank mines. The SADF mounted multiple attempts to recover the tanks but had to retreat under heavy attack by enemy guns and artillery. This left the amount of Olifants lost at three with one more damaged. Additionally, a Ratel armoured car was destroyed and four SADF soldiers were killed. The FAPLA lost 21 T-54/T-55 tanks and suffered 480 casualties.

The two detracked tanks were never moved while the third Olifant was taken by the FAPLA. Its turret was sent to the Soviet Union while the hull remains at Menongue Airport in Angola.<ref>https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/south_africa/olifant_mk.i</ref>

=== [[wt:en/news/7052-development-olifant-mk1a-the-beast-of-desert-en|Devblog]] ===
Centurion tanks entered service with the South African armed forces already at the start of the Cold War in the early 1950s when South Africa purchased a few hundred Centurion Mk.3 tanks from the United Kingdom. However, operating the Centurions in the warm South African climate quickly turned out to be problematic as the tanks were prone to overheating. As a result, South Africa sold off many of its Centurions to Switzerland during the 1960s in order to acquire other equipment while many of the remaining tanks were relegated to reserve roles.

With conflicts in the region flaring up during the '70s, the South African armed forces were reminded of the importance of their armoured units and several projects were initiated to modernize the Centurions in service. These projects resulted in the creation of two interim models of domestic Centurions - the Skoikaan and Semel. In parallel however, the South African government formed a company in the private sector to develop a proper modernization package for the Centurion.

Work on the project began in the mid '70s, with South African engineers taking inspiration from the Israeli Sho't Centurions and applying similar upgrades to what would eventually become known as the Olifant tank. The first prototype of the Olifant rolled out of the factory in 1976 and underwent testing. Shortly afterwards, the Olifant Mk.1 entered production service in 1978, with production lasting until 1984. In the early 80s, the Olifant was upgraded to the Mk.1A modification, which featured a domestic version of the L7 cannon as well as other upgrades.

The Olifant Mk.1A remained in service with SANDF into the 1990s before being succeeded by the Olifant Mk.2. In total, over 150 Olifant Mk.1As were produced, some seeing action during the conflicts with Angola in the early 1980s.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_olifant_mk_1a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Olifant Mk1A WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Vehicles with similar chassis

* [[Centurion (Family)]]

;Related service history

* [[Eland 90 Mk.7]]
* [[Ratel 90]]
* [[T-34-85]]
* [[PT-76B]]
* [[T-54/55 (Family)]]
* [[Ratel 20]]

;Similar playstyle

* [[M60A1 (AOS)]]
* [[M48A2 G A2]]
* [[Chieftain (Family)]]
* [[OF-40 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7052-development-olifant-mk1a-the-beast-of-desert-en|[Devblog] Olifant Mk1A: The Beast of Desert]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Britain medium tanks}}

Centurion Mk 10

2022-04-15T14:47:07Z

U37005499: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
|about = medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage = similar vehicles
|link = Centurion (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_centurion_mk_10
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was released along with the entire British tree line in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]]. An upgrade over the previous [[Centurion Mk 3]], the Mk 10 boasts slightly better frontal armour and a more powerful [[L7A1 (105 mm)|105 mm L7A1 gun]], but remains a vulnerable target in the Rank V battles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

[[File:Centurion 10 Screenshot 3.jpg|thumb|Centurion Mk 10 driving on Sweden]]

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 76.2 + 44 mm (57°) ''Front glacis'' 76.2 mm (45°)|| 50.8 (12°) + 6 mm || 32 mm (7°) ''Top'' 19 mm (62°) ''Bottom'' || 29 mm
|-
| Turret ||152 mm (3-48°) ''Turret front'' 152 mm ''Gun mantlet''
| 89 mm (5-12°) || 89 mm (1-18°) || 50.8 mm ''Front of turret'' 29 mm ''Center of turret''
|-
| Cupola || 152 mm || colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | 90 mm || 29 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Tracks and suspension wheels are both 20 mm thick.
* The steel boxes around the turret give 4 mm while hull steel boxes give 6 mm of additional protection, though these seem to be a negligible addition.
* Spaced armour plates are placed on the side of the Centurion, giving an additional 6 mm of side armour.

The {{PAGENAME}} has an additional upper front glacis plate compared to the preceding Mk 3. This reliably protects the glacis from penetration by commonly encountered full-bore AP rounds such as those fired by the [[KwK 43 (88 mm)|8.8 cm KwK 43 L/71]] or the [[D-10T (100 mm)|100 mm D-10]]. However, it will not protect against most APDS or HEAT rounds that may be encountered in up-tiers. The Mk 10's turret is identical to that on the Mk 3 except for the thicker gun mantlet; the mantlet can protect against carelessly aimed shots, but the flat turret face is vulnerable.

There are many rounds of ammunition scattered throughout the Centurion's hull, and a large ammo rack is also situated next to the driver, on the left side of the tank. This means that any round that successfully penetrates the Centurion's hull will likely cause an ammunition explosion. On the other hand, there is no ammunition stored above the turret ring; turret penetrations are unlikely to cause an ammunition explosion unless the shells have explosive fillers.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,007|rbMinHp=575}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has decent cross country mobility, but suffers from a low top speed thanks to its underpowered engine, especially compared to other medium tanks. It is capable of neutral steering, and is fairly manoeuvrable.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
[[File:Centurion 10 Screenshot 1.jpg|thumb|A Centurion Mk 10 fires its main gun]]
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)}}

The Centurion Mk 10 is the first British tank to be equipped with the ubiquitous 105 mm L7 rifled gun. However, unlike other countries, the L7 was not issued with HEAT-FS ammunition in British service, and thus the only rounds available are APDS and HESH. Both are generally less reliably lethal than HEAT-FS, and require good knowledge of opposing tanks' weak spots and critical modules for best effect, making them harder to use.

On the plus side, the gun is fully stabilised and the Centurion Mk 10 can reliably hit targets while moving. The gun also reloads quite fast, allowing the Centurion to reload before common opponents like the T-54 medium tanks.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)|105 mm Royal Ordnance L7A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 70 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 19.04 || 26.35 || 32.00 || 35.39 || 37.65 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.90 || 14.00 || 17.00 || 18.80 || 20.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot L28A1 || APDS || 303 || 302 || 296 || 277 || 257 || 252
|-
| Shell L35 || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot L28A1 || APDS || 1,478 || 4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| Shell L35 || HESH || 720 || 11.4 || 0.1 || 4 || 3,150 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''70''' || 65 ''(+5)'' || 59 ''(+11)'' || 53 ''(+17)'' || 43 ''(+17)'' || 15 ''(+55)'' || 1 ''(+69)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Rack 6 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 14 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 6 - 1 - 2 - etc. until 5.
* Full reload speed will be realized as long as shells are available in the ready rack 6. If the ready rack is empty, a penalty to reload speed will occur.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-5 into rack 6. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.
* If you pack 15 ''(+55)'' shells, it will keep most of the hull empty of ammo.

==== [[Optics]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics
|-
!
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| X4.9 || X6.0
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | [[M50]]
|-
|}
Note: The optics are mounted on top of the tank instead of coaxially.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Centurion 10 Screenshot 2.jpg|thumb|Centurion Mk 10 drives into battle]]
The Centurion Mk 10 should feel familiar to players coming from the Centurion Mk 3. The 105 mm L7A1 features high penetration and precision at long range, especially with the high-velocity APDS ammunition, capable of penetrating the upper glacis of a Tiger II. The increased hull armour and thicker gun mantlet make it more resilient against poorly aimed shots, while the tank also retains its great mobility, though it still suffers from having a low top speed.

These traits make the Centurion Mk 10 an excellent sniper and fire support vehicle, able to hold back and pick off enemy vehicles at range. Playing the Centurion too aggressively may result in being quickly outmanoeuvred early game, particularly by high-rank armoured cars such as the [[AUBL/74]] and highly mobile German tanks like the [[Leopard I]] and [[Ru 251]]. The Centurion rewards a player who has patience and a good awareness of their surroundings.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High-penetrating gun with immediate access to APDS and HESH shots as the default rounds
* Good gun depression and elevation angles
* Upper glacis is rather strong against solid shot and APHE
* Good mobility options with neutral steering and reverse speed
* Reasonably fast reload speed
* Comfortable transition from the Centurion Mk 3

'''Cons:'''

* Lower glacis is still a prominent weak spot
* Turret armour is weaker than Centurion Mk 3, flat 150mm struggles to stop even soviet APHE
* Mediocre top speed and acceleration
* No access to HEAT-FS, unlike other nations' L7 guns
* Engine armour is weak from the top, can be damaged aircraft guns
* Small internal compartment (only 4 crew members) with ammunition scattered all over
* Very slow vertical targeting speed

== History ==

===Development===
The tank's concept was made in 1943 when the Directorate of Tank Design, under Sir Claude Gibb, was asked to produce a new heavy cruiser tank for the General Staff under the designation ''A41'', which was to become the standard of a British "Universal Tank" to replace the separated "infantry" and "cruiser" tanks currently used. As World War II progressed and the Germans unveiled their heavier tanks with an 88 mm cannon like the [[Tiger H1|Tiger]], War Office made a revision to their design requirements to counter this threat. The requirements now include increased durability and reliability, with the ability to protect itself against the 88 mm gun and mines, agility similar to the [[Comet I|Comet tank]], and good reverse speed, all while staying under a 40-ton weight.

Responding to these requirements, the department developed larger hulls by adapting the suspension on the Comet, lengthening with another road wheel and spacing between the wheels. The standard Christie suspension used on the previous cruiser tanks was replaced by the Horstmann suspension, which uses coil springs on two-wheel bogies on each side and is easier to maintain than the Christie suspension. The hull used a welded, sloped armour with a cast turret mounting the famous 17-pounder cannon. The speed of the tank would be established by using the Rolls Meteor engine previously used on the Comet and [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]]. Despite these changes, the department concluded that the weight restriction would not allow the tank design to withstand the 88 mm rounds. The weight restriction was done so the tank would be able to be carried around in the Mk.I and Mk.II transport trailers, which had a 40-ton load. This restriction was rescinded to allow more freedom in the tank design, which showed potential to the War Ministry. The heavier tank designs developed had armour equivalent to the heaviest infantry tanks like the [[Churchill Mk VII|Churchill tank]], yet with superior cross-country mobility due to improved suspension and engines.

The tank was given the name '''Centurion''' and the first mock-ups of the design was made by AEC and was presented in May 1944. After that, 20 pilot models were ordered with various armament combinations. Ten had a 17-pounder and a 20 mm Polsten gun (5 with a machine gun in turret rear, 5 with an escape door instead), five had a 17-pounder and a BESA machine gun and an escape door, five more with the 77 mm HV gun with a driver operated a hull machine gun. The prototypes of the 40-ton design, the [[Centurion Mk 1]], had a 76 mm armour on the front glacis, which was made very powerful with the heavy sloping design on the tank. Added with a 152 mm thick turret armour, the Centurion became a very protected tank design, yet it was also very agile, outperforming the Comet tank in tests. The next Centurion model, Mk.2, featured a much thicker 118 mm front glacis armour and thicker side armour. Production began for the Centurion Mk.2 in November 1945 for 800 tanks from Leyland Motors, Royal Ordnance Factories, and Vickers. The Mk.2 was put into service in the 5th Royal Tank Regiment in December 1946.

After the Centurion Mk.2 was put into service, Royal Ordnance developed the successor to the 17-pounder, the 84 mm 20-pounder. With this, the Centurion went through another upgrade to mount the 20-pounder. The 20 mm Polsten gun was removed and replaced by a BESA gun due to its questionable utility. The new upgrade, now the [[Centurion Mk 3]], also featured an automatic stabilization system that improved firing accuracy while on the move. The tank was first produced in 1948 and overtook the previous Mk.1 and Mk.2 in service. However, the 20-pounder also did not stay in service for long and were replaced by the more powerful 105 mm L7 gun from Royal Ordnance Factories. All Centurions versions after Mark 5/2 used the L7 gun, including the [[Centurion Mk 10]], which also featured additional armour with the new gun.

===Combat usage===
The Centurion first saw combat in the Korean war in 1950 in the British 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars. The Centurion Mk.3 issued to them had to be cared for in the winter conditions of Korea. Steps such as parking the tank on straw, starting the engine every half-hour, and keeping the gear engaged have to be done to keep the tank from becoming frozen in place. The Centurions made a great impact on the battlefield, covering the withdrawal of the 29th Brigade. In 1953, the Centurion saw the part in the battle of the Hook in the 1st Royal Tank Regiment, repelling the swarming Chinese infantry. General John O'Daniel from the US 1st Corps praised the Centurion's mobility throughout the mountain terrains.

After the Korean War, the Centurions saw service again during the Vietnam War in the Royal Australian Armoured Corps after complaints were made on the thin armour of their armoured vehicles. The Centurions landed on 28 February 1968. Headed by Colonel Donald Dunstan, he ordered the Centurions to reinforce firebases at Coral and Balmoral. The use of the Centurions by the 1st Australian Task Force helped them in the Battle of Coral-Balmoral that caused massive casualties in two infantry regiments among the enemy with no known tank losses. After the battle, more Centurions landed into Vietnam, with a total of 58 Centurions in the country at once in the span of three and a half years. In this time period, 42 suffered damages, two were written off, and two crewmen were killed in action.

The Centurions also made up the bulk of India's tank forces, to which they used against Pakistan in the conflicts that occur in 1965 and 1971. In the middle east, the Centurions were supplied to Israel and Jordan in the 1950s. At the time of the Six-Day War, Israel had 293 Centurion tanks and Jordan had 90 Centurions. Both countries used the Centurions against each other in the war. Sometime in the early 1970s, the Centurions on both side were upgraded with the 105 mm L7 gun. Both Jordan and Israel used the Centurion again in the 1973 Yom Kippur War, where Israel establish the Centurion's prowess in battle during the Battle of Golan Heights, where 100 or so Centurions are able to beat back 500 or more Syrian [[T-54 (1951)|T-55]] and T-62 tanks. While the Centurion still sees use in Jordan today, the Centurions in Israel were retired in the 1990s, only staying as armour personnel carriers and armour recovery vehicles. In the middle east, the British used the Centurions again during the 1991 Gulf War against Iraq, though only as an AVRE in the 32 Armoured Engineer Regiment. Three were lost in training incidents with no deaths among the crew.

Sweden and South Africa also used the Centurions, buying them from Britain after World War II. The Centurions in South Africa were retained and upgraded due to their superiority over anything their neighbours had at the time, with a focus on the upgrade to the 105 mm gun and belly armour to protect itself against mines. Sweden bought the Centurions in an attempt to standardize their tank forces as it was the most cost-effective method, plus the Centurions have a huge upgrade potential to counter future threats. The British offered to sell the Centurion in late 1952, to which 80 were ordered by Sweden. The first deliveries were made in April 1953, followed by more orders and more deliveries until about 350 Centurion tanks ranging from Mk.3, Mk.5, and Mk.10 were in Sweden. The Swedish military used the Centurions until 1990s, modernizing the tanks with upgrades in equipment and internal mechanics. They replaced the Centurions with Leopard 2s.

====Nuclear test====
The Centurion was also well known for being used in a nuclear test in 1953. A [[Centurion Mk 3]] built by Royal Ordnance Factory as number 39/190 is supplied to Australia in 1952 and kept under army registration number 169041. Placed less than 500 yards from a 9.1kt nuclear explosion, it withstood the explosive force of the explosion. The engine was still functional and the ammunition were intact. The only effect the explosion did onto the tank was moved it back five feet, removing all antennas, sandblasting vision slots, incinerating the cloth mantlet cover, and blow off the armour side skirts. The tank was simply driven off-site after the test, but it is believed that if a crew was in the tank at the time of the explosion, they would've been killed. The tank, nicknamed the ''Atomic Tank'' was then used in the Vietnam War after being restored for action. The Centurion was hit by an RPG round in May 1969 that injured the entire turret crew. While one crew member had to evacuate from his battle wounds, the rest stayed in the still battle-worthy tank. Today, the tank resides at the Robertson Barracks in Palmerston, Northern Territory. Centurion 169041 is distinguished from other nuclear-tested tanks by having a 23-year service after the nuclear test, with 15 months in a hostile environment.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_centurion_mk_10 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|zsD66EJsyU8|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|lbZxQtGb2Dc|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Tank Review - Between Overpowered And Frustrating''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[Centurion (Family)]]

;Vehicles equipped with the same gun

* [[Vickers MBT]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Centurion (tank)|[Wikipedia] Centurion]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/FV-4200_Centurion <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4007 Centurion]

{{Britain medium tanks}}

FIAT 6614

2020-07-26T11:56:35Z

U37005499: /* Armaments */

{{Specs-Card|code=it_fiat_6614_106sr}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The {{PAGENAME}} has almost no armour, like other vehicles in the Italian tree, and with that very low survivability. Anything that hits a side shot will knock out at least one crew member, while a frontal or rear shot will incapacitate a minimum of 3 crew, enough to take the player back to the hangar.

The average effective thickness changes depending on where the {{PAGENAME}} is shot from. At the front, it ranges from 15-20mm thick, although the front-facing window of the driver's hatch does only give 9mm of armour between a machine gun round and the driver. While a 7.62 mm round will only penetrate at close range, a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun round will only fail to penetrate that window at over a kilometre away. Considering the car's most valuable advantage is its ability to get to good positions fast, an incapacitated driver will ruin the {{PAGENAME}}'s chances in the match.

The side's obvious weak spots are the grills near the front that are only 5mm thick. Considering that the vehicle has a hexagon-shaped cross-section if sliced from left to right, the upper plate of the slanted side offers 9mm of protection after the grill and 10-12mm around and in front of the grill. The lower side plate gives a whole new world of armour with a minimum thickness of 10mm everywhere, which means at least the 7.62 mm machine guns can't penetrate the car through there. The doors have the same thickness as the rest of the sides.

On the back, there's one slanted plate that is 8mm at the top which increases to 14 at the bottom. Again, like the sides, the door doesn't have a different thickness

Also, the gun is very easy to disable as it has a maximum effective thickness of 88 mm, which all tanks at this BR will be able to penetrate and disable in one shot.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 225|rbMinHp= 128}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility is very good. The fastest speeds it can reach will depend on the terrain: on a track like the ones on Sinai, the {{PAGENAME}} can easily reach 60 or 70 km/h, and driving on an actual road or going downhill it will reach the 80's or 90's; but on a grassy field, it may only reach up to 45 km/h. Due to the {{PAGENAME}} being a wheeled car, going through sand, snow or a small uphill will trickle away its speed. The wheeled construction means the FIAT also cannot neutral steer, but it does have a small turning circle (tank-sized) and it can turn in this circle at 23 km/h.

When reversing the {{PAGENAME}} has good acceleration as well, reaching -10 km/h after about 3 seconds and will get to -20 by the fourth second.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Cannone da 106 s.r.M40A1 (106 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" |106 mm Recoilless Rifle Cannone da 106 s.r.M40A1
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" |Vertical
guidance
! rowspan="1" |Horizontal
guidance
|-
| colspan="4" |17||-10°/+12°||±180°
|-
! colspan="6" |Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
|''Arcade''||9.5||???||???||???||???
|-
|''Realistic''||5.9||???||???||???||???
|-
! colspan="4" |Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|
|-
|13||???||???||???
|
|-
|}
===== Ammunition=====
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="8" |Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" |Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Type of
warhead
! colspan="6" |'''Penetration''' ''in mm'' '''@ 90°'''
|-
!10m
!100m
!500m
!1000m
!1500m
!2000m
|-
|M344A1||HEAT||433||433||433||433||433||433
|-
|M361A1||HESH||152||152||152||152||152||152
|-
|}
===== Ammunition=====

=== Additional armament ===
''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Machine guns ===
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 106 mm HESH is enough to one-shot most enemy vehicles, aside from some heavy tanks
* 360-degree turret transverse
* Fast on road
* Small target, easy to hide
* Can swim

'''Cons:'''

* Very thin armour, 12.7 mm can penetrate it frontally
* Bad off-road speed
* Cupola blocks turret elevation when traversing the turret

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==


{{Youtube-gallery|UN3ioZuwRJs|FIAT 6614 Guide}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}

AUBL/74

2020-07-26T11:46:12Z

U37005499: Usage In Battles

{{Specs-Card|code=it_fiat_6616_cockerill}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_AUBL 74.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]]. It features good mobility and a low pressure Cockerill Mk. III 90 mm gun.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour Type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope Angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|8mm (74°) ''Upper Glacis'' 8mm (44°) ''Lower Glacis''
|8mm (39°) ''Upper'' 8mm (29°) ''Lower''
|8mm (11°) ''Upper'' 8mm (44°) ''Lower''
|8mm (86°) ''Rear'' 8mm (90°) ''Front''
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Mantlet (Slope Angle)
!Front
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Turret
|15mm (51°) ''Upper'' 15mm (22°) ''Lower'' 15mm (11°) ''Sides''
|15mm (24°) ''Front'' 8mm (13°) ''Turret Cheeks''
|8mm (33°)
|8mm (11°)
|8mm (85°) ''Front Glacis'' 8mm (90°) ''Rear'' 8mm (90°) ''Gunner Hatch''
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Sides (Slope Angle)
!Commander Hatch (Slope Angle)
|-
|Cupola
|15mm (0°)
|8mm (90°)
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The side engine grilles are only 5mm thick, so make sure to protect those weak points.
* There is an engine grille on the roof which is also only 5mm thick. A weak point planes might look to take advantage of.
* This vehicle unfortunately hull breaks quite easily.
* A tightly spaced crew of three makes it easily taken out by machine guns and auto-cannons.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 248|rbMinHp= 142}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===


{{main|Cockerill Mk.3 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Cockerill Mk.3 (90 mm)]]
|-
! colspan="3" | Capacity
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
! Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 32 || -9°/+27° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! Mode
! Stock
! Upgraded
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
| ''Realistic'' || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Stock
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 9.7 || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 90° (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M620A1 || HEATFS || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300
|-
| M625A1 || HESH || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! rowspan="2" | Normalisation at 30° from horizontal
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M620A1 || HEATFS || 890 || 8.3 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 890.4 || +0.0° || 65° || 72° || 75°
|-
| M625A1 || HESH || 800 || 8.2 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 1,300 || +0.0° || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| 90 mm Smoke || 695 || 9.2 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics
|-
!
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| X7.2 || X8.0
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | ???
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Beretta MG 42/59 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Beretta MG 42/59 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Beretta MG 42/59]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Fire rate (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| 800 (200) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
AUBL/74 is strongest in a scout and support role playing from visual or hard cover, The HEAT shell can penetrate almost any enemy but the post penetration damage is quite weak meaning most shots on spread out crews are only disabling shots and with the vehicles slower than average reload speed an enemy with a high crew agility and expert qualification can get their gunner back and shoot before you reload, so it is best to aim for ammunition or take out the enemies barrel or breech. The greater than average speed allows you to get a good over watch position early leaving you able to scout the enemy easily and take pot shots at the enemy. Playing this vehicle like an M18 hellcat or any other fast vehicles with good post penetration is ill advised as you won't often be able to kill flanked enemies in one shot, leaving you open to fire.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 90 mm HEAT FS comes stock - HESH and smoke shells are unlockable later
* Rather good traverse and elevation rates allowing for quick reaction to incoming enemies
* Fast on road and medium terrain
* Recoil is not too strong, making aiming the follow-up shot much easier than other light tanks
* Can repair friendly units
* Good multi-purpose tank, both for scouting, ambushing, and side shots
* Can swim!

'''Cons:'''

* Light armour is vulnerable to .50 calibre even at medium ranges
* Bad soft terrain speed, can barely break 25 km/h
* Very prone to being moved by both enemy units and explosions; a bomb going off nearby can flip the vehicle entirely

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==


{{Youtube-gallery|R3rRcKLqiLg|AUBL/74 - Tank Review}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}

AUBL/74

2020-07-26T11:36:55Z

U37005499: /* Main armament */

{{Specs-Card|code=it_fiat_6616_cockerill}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_AUBL 74.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]]. It features good mobility and a low pressure Cockerill Mk. III 90 mm gun.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour Type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope Angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|8mm (74°) ''Upper Glacis'' 8mm (44°) ''Lower Glacis''
|8mm (39°) ''Upper'' 8mm (29°) ''Lower''
|8mm (11°) ''Upper'' 8mm (44°) ''Lower''
|8mm (86°) ''Rear'' 8mm (90°) ''Front''
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Mantlet (Slope Angle)
!Front
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Turret
|15mm (51°) ''Upper'' 15mm (22°) ''Lower'' 15mm (11°) ''Sides''
|15mm (24°) ''Front'' 8mm (13°) ''Turret Cheeks''
|8mm (33°)
|8mm (11°)
|8mm (85°) ''Front Glacis'' 8mm (90°) ''Rear'' 8mm (90°) ''Gunner Hatch''
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Sides (Slope Angle)
!Commander Hatch (Slope Angle)
|-
|Cupola
|15mm (0°)
|8mm (90°)
|}
'''Notes:'''

* The side engine grilles are only 5mm thick, so make sure to protect those weak points.
* There is an engine grille on the roof which is also only 5mm thick. A weak point planes might look to take advantage of.
* This vehicle unfortunately hull breaks quite easily.
* A tightly spaced crew of three makes it easily taken out by machine guns and auto-cannons.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 248|rbMinHp= 142}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===


{{main|Cockerill Mk.3 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Cockerill Mk.3 (90 mm)]]
|-
! colspan="3" | Capacity
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
! Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 32 || -9°/+27° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! Mode
! Stock
! Upgraded
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 28.7 || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 17.9 || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Stock
! Prior + Full crew
! Prior + Expert qualif.
! Prior + Ace qualif.
|
|-
| 9.7 || ??.?? || ??.?? || ??.??
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 90° (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M620A1 || HEATFS || 250 || 250 || 250 || 250 || 250 || 250
|-
| M625A1 || HESH || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102 || 102
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! rowspan="2" | Normalisation at 30° from horizontal
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M620A1 || HEATFS || 890 || 4.1 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 890.4 || +0.0° || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| M625A1 || HESH || 800 || 4.5 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 1,200 || +0.0° || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| 90 mm Smoke || 714 || 5.3 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} Optics
|-
!
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| X7.2 || X8.0
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | ???
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Beretta MG 42/59 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Beretta MG 42/59 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Beretta MG 42/59]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! Fire rate (shots/minute)
! Vertical guidance
! Horizontal guidance
|-
| 800 (200) || 1,200 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 90 mm HEAT FS comes stock - HESH and smoke shells are unlockable later
* Rather good traverse and elevation rates allowing for quick reaction to incoming enemies
* Fast on road and medium terrain
* Recoil is not too strong, making aiming the follow-up shot much easier than other light tanks
* Can repair friendly units
* Good multi-purpose tank, both for scouting, ambushing, and side shots
* Can swim!

'''Cons:'''

* Light armour is vulnerable to .50 calibre even at medium ranges
* Bad soft terrain speed, can barely break 25 km/h
* Very prone to being moved by both enemy units and explosions; a bomb going off nearby can flip the vehicle entirely

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==


{{Youtube-gallery|R3rRcKLqiLg|AUBL/74 - Tank Review}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy light tanks}}