War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Jaguar IS

2024-03-15T14:19:17Z

U36317457: Further detailing of the flight model, particularly in Air Simulator battles. A couple of minor additions and edits here and there.

{{About
| about = British strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Jaguar (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jaguar_is
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is an Indian variant of the SEPECAT Jaguar, a supersonic jet attack aircraft that emerged as a joint Anglo-French venture for a supersonic jet trainer with light ground attack capabilities. One of many export variants, this vehicle has seen extensive service in its more than 40 years of continuous service, arming Indian squadrons since 1981.

Introduced during [[Update "Air Superiority"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8743-event-earn-the-jaguar-is-in-the-sword-of-justice-event-en|2024 Sword of Justice event]], the Jaguar IS sports rather modest suspended ordnance, especially when compared to its contemporaries. Nonetheless, it can pack quite a heavy punch, with a bombload of up to 8,000 lbs. The Jaguar IS retains the over-wing air-to-air missile pylons that made the Jaguar GR.1A so unique, meaning that this jet does not compromise on air-to-air capabilities, regardless of the air-to-ground ordnance selected. And these are no ordinary missiles: the pair of Matra R550 Magic 2s are incredibly potent.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

While it is indeed supersonic, the jet does not have particularly remarkable performance, and is outclassed by most of its contemporaries. It has lacklustre engine power and poor aerodynamics, lending to an inability to supercruise, lacklustre acceleration and terrible energy retention.

Thankfully, the Jaguar IS does have rather robust engines that are very slow to overheat, and give ample time to reduce throttle before incurring any damage to the engines. Additionally, it has adequate manoeuvrability and among the best nose authority of any aircraft in the game, rivalled only by other Jaguar variants. This gives the aircraft the ability to force the nose towards an enemy, thereby bringing the guns on-target. This ability often catches enemies off-guard, and can net a quick and satisfying kill from time-to-time.

As an aside, it's worth noting that the Jaguar IS, like all Jaguar variants, has extremely useful "combat flaps". This is because unlike most aircraft, this aircraft engages its "combat flaps" merely by deflecting the elevators downwards by an additional few degrees. This means that it is impossible to rip the combat flaps off, even at supersonic speeds, allowing for a useful boost to the already excellent nose authority and manoeuvrability.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,576 || 1,558 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.6 || 32.2 || 86.2 || 78.2 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,273  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,273 || 525 || 410 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited Adour Mk.811 || 2
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| 709 kg || colspan="2" | _____
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The aircraft has no armour to speak of, thus the pilot, engines, and fuel tanks are vulnerable to stray shrapnel. This can lead to a "pilot-snipe", or set fire to the vehicle, a particularly common cause of death considering the Jaguar IS lacks any engine fire systems or fire-prevention equipment.

However, the Jaguar IS does have access to ample countermeasures including both flares and chaff. With 60 slots, it's by no means indulgent when compared to other aircraft like the Harrier GR.7, but it is more than enough to last most sorties in both Realistic and Simulator battles. This is compounded by its modern Radar Warning Receiver, which can detect radar bands E-J, Pulse Doppler, Track While Scan, and even Continuous-Wave radar. Furthermore, it is able to display the relative position of the radar source along 4 axes, which is sufficient for most use cases.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ADEN Mk.4 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 30 mm ADEN Mk.4 cannon, belly-mounted (150 rpg)
* 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="5%" | 1 !! width="5%" | 2 !! width="5%" | 3 !! width="5%" | 4 !! width="5%" | 5 !! width="5%" | 6 !! width="5%" | 7 !! width="5%" | 8
| rowspan="9" width="30%" | 
|-
! [[Mk.M2 (540 lb)|540 lb Mk.M2]] bombs
| 1 || 2 || || || 2 || || 2 || 1
|-
! [[H.E. M.C. Mk.13 No.117 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 No.117]] bombs
| 1 || 2 || || || 2 || || 2 || 1
|-
! [[H.E. M.C. Mk.13 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13]] bombs
| 1 || 2 || || || 2 || || 2 || 1
|-
! [[Mk.13 (546 kg)|546 kg Mk.13]] bombs
| || 1* || || || 1* || || 1* ||
|-
! [[CRV7 M247]] rockets
| 19 || 19 || || || || || 19 || 19
|-
! [[SNEB type 23]] rockets
| 18 || 18 || || || || || 18 || 18
|-
! [[Matra R550 Magic 2]] missiles
| || || 1 || || || 1 || ||
|-
! LITENING II targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || || ||
|-
| colspan="10" | * The LITENING II pod must be carried when equipping Mk.13 bombs
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2 missiles
* 8 x 540 lb Mk.M2 bombs (4,320 lb total)
* 8 x 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 8 x 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 No.117 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 3 x 546 kg Mk.13 bombs (1,638 kg total)
* 76 x CRV7 M247 rockets
* 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
{{Navigation-End}}

'''Air-to-Air'''

The Jaguar IS sports a pair of Matra R550 Magic 2 heat-seeking air-to-air missiles, which are arguably some of the most capable weapons of its class in all of War Thunder. The Magic 2 has a 35G overload and an all-aspect uncaged seeker. Furthermore, it has IRCCM, rendering it practically all but immune to standard calibre flares in the rear-aspect. This means that a rear-aspect lock on a target is pretty much a guaranteed kill. This is especially the case in a down-tier, where opponents often lack flares entirely.

'''Air-to-Ground'''

As a strike fighter, the Jaguar IS could be assumed to have a diverse and powerful array of suspended ordnance. However, this is unfortunately not the case: it has a rather modest payload of up to 8,000 lb which is less than most of its peers. This means that it can only destroy one base (5,000 lb per base), with 3,000 lb to spare. Despite the somewhat mediocre payload, the CCRP for bombs as well as the fact that bombs are dropped one at a time (rather than in pairs) it can be very precise while delivering a sizeable payload. Assuming every bomb nets a kill (which is fairly reasonable given the explosive mass), the Jaguar IS can theoretically get as many as 8 kills - or more - in Ground Realistic battles.

It has access to up to 3 rather potent guided bombs which is above average for aircraft at its battle rating. This gives it excellent capability for long-range precision targeting, and is especially useful in Air Simulator, Ground Realistic, and Ground Simulator Battles.

Furthermore, the Jaguar IS can mount unguided rockets, however they are not particularly potent or reliable as a weapon. While they do have a lot of penetration due to their HEAT warheads, conventional dumb or guided bombs are more reliable. Rockets are only worth considering in some Enduring Confrontation scenarios where the player wishes to kill numerous ground targets in a single sortie.

The Jaguar IS has CCIP/CCRP for all available munitions and ordnance, allowing for precision target acquisition and bombardment. In the hands of a competent player, this pretty much guarantees that suspended armament will result in a kill.

== Usage in battles ==

As a few brief general notes about this aircraft, it is worth considering that the use of the yaw-axis on landing is potentially a death sentence. Unlike most aircraft, the Jaguar cannot deflect its rudder along the yaw-axis to further aid in deceleration due to the design of its tricycle landing gear and its high centre-of-mass. Any attempt to deflect the rudder during landing is likely to cause a roll-over, which will knock out the pilot in most circumstances. On the plus side, the Jaguar has access to a very effective set of air-brakes and landing flaps, as well as a drag chute which is more than enough to comfortably bring the aircraft to a halt.

Additionally, the Jaguar IS has "combat flaps" that can be deflected at any speed due to their unique design. This means that they can be employed to gain a boost of manoeuvrability, even at supersonic speeds.

=== Air Battles ===

==== Air Arcade ====
The Jaguar IS is excellent in Air Arcade battles as a fighter. Its excellent manoeuvrability and nose authority grants it an unparalleled edge when compared to enemies. Furthermore, the flight models in Air Arcade better accommodate the quirks of the Jaguar airframe, minimising energy bleed while allowing the aircraft to pull manoeuvres otherwise impossible in other game modes. Unfortunately, the Jaguar IS has only a single 30 mm ADEN Mk.4 cannon, which reduces the likelihood of getting a kill from a glancing blow, increasing the time-to-kill. Luckily, the low velocity of this armament is accommodated by the presence of a lead indicator in this game mode.

Concerns regarding the scarcity of ammunition, countermeasures, and air-to-air ordnance are further alleviated in this game mode due to intermittent aerial rearmament upon running out of ammo.

Taking bombs is ill-advised at this battle rating due to the sheer onslaught of enemy aircraft, many of whom are quick to prey on strike jets like the Jaguar. Bomb targets in Air Arcade require more ordnance to successfully destroy than in Air Realistic battles, further condemning the rather lacklustre bombload of the Jaguar IS to mediocrity. It is for this reason that the recommended payload in Air Arcade battles is:

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

==== Air Realistic ====
The Jaguar IS is poorly suited to Air Realistic battles on most occasions due to its inadequate top speed and acceleration, and its overall vulnerability to enemy aircraft. While it has excellent air-to-air missiles, it only has two of them, and thus it is imperative to stay avoid being swarmed by enemy aircraft since the Jaguar IS can only reliably take one or two enemies at a time. Plus, it is rarely able to destroy bomb targets since most teammates are in much faster aircraft and are able to reach and destroy all available bomb targets long before the Jaguar IS reaches the battlefield.

The recommended payload in Air Realistic Battles is:

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 8 x 1,000 lb bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

This loadout gives the player the ability to defend themselves against enemy aircraft while fulfilling its strike role. It is ill advised to focus on player-vs-player (PvP) gameplay due to the vulnerability and lacklustre air-to-air capabilities of the jet, and so the only other viable option is to focus on strike, with air-to-air kills as a bonus if the situation presents itself.

It is advised that the player loiter behind the frontlines, climbing to a high altitude, waiting for the bomb targets to respawn. Alternatively, the player can opt out of bombs, carrying Matra Magic 2 missiles exclusively, to go for a couple of quick kills before immediately retreating to base. At base, the player can then re-equip the larger payload aforementioned.

==== Air Simulator ====
The Jaguar IS is a capable aircraft in Air Simulator, although its lack of radar severely hampers it. If encountering an enemy, the Magic 2 all-aspect missiles are exceptionally hard to dodge, although it is unlikely you will notice an enemy before they notice you considering most aircraft have radar at this tier.

The Jaguar IS is a pleasure to fly in Air Simulator battles, offering a remarkably smooth and reliable flight. The Jaguar series was originally designed as a supersonic jet trainer aircraft, and this shows, as it is an incredibly easy aircraft to fly with no "quirks" that can throw the pilot off. Not only are its "combat flaps" indestructible allowing for incredibly tight turns at high speeds, it has a particularly sleek cockpit design with the pilot seated higher in the canopy than most, giving excellent visibility around the aircraft.

Furthermore, the flight model is such that it is very difficult to put the Jaguar IS into a flat-spin, and recovery is a relatively simple; all in all, the aircraft is very obedient and does not need to be "tamed" - if the pilot wills it, it will be done. Fighting against the controls is a rarity, a refreshing experience coming from the Harriers the British tech tree is tasked with flying around this tier. Even if the aircraft sustains critical damage to the control surfaces, avionics - or even loses the tip of its wing - it is still often flyable albeit with a bit of effort.

For safe and reliable gameplay, it is advised to carry the maximum bombload to target enemy bases, as this is consistently the most reliable and safest way to earn points for your team in this vehicle. The dumb bombs are also more than capable of taking out most naval targets since their anti-air capabilities are largely redundant in this game mode. The head-up display (HUD) shows the bomb CCRP when selected.

However, should the player wish to target an aircraft carrier, or other ground units escorted by SPAAGs, it is best to use the guided bombs instead. This is because SPAAGs and carrier anti-air batteries are absolutely ruthless in Air Simulator battles, and a distance of at least a kilometre must be maintained at all times.

It is imperative to bring chaff in Air Simulator due to the increased reliance on radar-guided missiles and medium ranged combat in this game mode. Keep your eyes on your Radar Warning Receiver, it will come to be your best friend.

The recommended payload in this game mode is either:

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 8 x 1,000 lb bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

or

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 1 x LITENING targeting pod
* 3 x Mk.13 guided bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

=== Ground Battles ===

==== Ground Arcade ====
You have no control over the aircraft you are allocated or the ordnance equipped in Ground Arcade. Play with the cards you are dealt. The Jaguar IS is considered a reward vehicle and is not present in the standard Ground Arcade air battle event pool; players are overwhelmingly unlikely to spawn this jet in Ground Arcade.

==== Ground Realistic ====
The Jaguar IS can pursue two playstyles in Ground Realistic battles. The first is the more conventional aggressive playstyle featuring unguided bombs. This method can net up to 8 kills in the hands of a skilled player using the CCRP, although it is necessary to get close to carry out such strikes, putting the aircraft in range of enemy self-propelled anti-aircraft guns (SPAAG). Alternatively, the player can opt for a safer, more cautions approach, using the guided bombs to target enemies with greater precision from longer range. The Jaguar IS can only carry up to 3 guided bombs, so this strategy typically nets less kills, but it is much safer and allows the player to return to the airfield to re-arm and head back in on another bombing run.

It is not recommended to use unguided rockets in Ground Realistic due to their short range and unreliability against the particularly armoured targets encountered at this battle rating. Most enemies have either explosive reactive armour (ERA), composite armour, or both, which can completely neuter or significantly reduce the lethality of the HEAT warheads on the rockets. It is typically necessary to fire off at least a dozen or so rockets to guarantee a kill, at which point one might as well use bombs instead due to their reliability.

The recommended loadouts for Ground Realistic battles are either:

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 8 x 1,000 lb bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

or

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 1 x LITENING II targeting pod
* 3 x Mk.13 guided bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

==== Ground Simulator ====
In Ground Simulator, guided munitions are by far the most effective way to get kills. Pilot awareness in the first-person view is severely restricted and therefore the pilot is far more vulnerable to enemy SPAA. One must maintain a distance of at least two kilometres at all times from the battlefield in order to reliably mitigate this. Furthermore, aircraft are much more difficult to handle in Air Simulator battles, so using dumb bombs on often moving targets is difficult to do accurately. This means that the use of guided bombs is not only imperative for the safety of the pilot, but imperative for the precision of the strike itself.

The recommended payload in Ground Simulator battles is:

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 1 x LITENING II targeting pod
* 3 x Mk.13 guided bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent air-to-air missiles
** Matra R550 Magic 2 have IRCCM
** Matra R550 Magic 2 are provided stock
* Over-wing pylons mean air-to-air weapons do not compromise on payload
* Access to guided bombs with modern guidance systems
* Excellent nose-authority
* Constantly Computed Impact Point (CCIP) available for all ordnance
* Indestructible combat flaps

'''Cons:'''

* No radar
* Poor acceleration & energy retention
* Sub-par payload & ordnance
** Maximum payload is less than many of its contemporaries
** Relatively scarce supply of countermeasures
** Only two air-to-air missiles
** Only one autocannon

== History ==

The Jaguar IS is an Indian variant of the internationally successful SEPECAT Jaguar, which has seen service in as many as six countries, including France, the United Kingdom, India, Oman, Ecuador, and Nigeria. Originally developed as a jet trainer, this ambition was swiftly superseded with the goal of creating an all-weather light strike platform with interdiction capabilities. A joint-venture between France and the United Kingdom, it went on to see service in numerous roles and theatres of conflict including the Gulf War and the NATO intervention in Yugoslavia, where their precision-guided munitions proved crucial to minimising civilian casualties from aerial operations in Bosnia, Serbia, Croatia, Kosovo, and Herzegovina.

The Jaguar IS is one of several export variants, this one specifically intended for Indian service. The aircraft was initially adapted and produced by British Aerospace (BAe), however production was subsequently relinquished to Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the remainder of its production run. 35 Jaguar IS jets were built by BAe, while the remaining 89 were built by HAL. India also fielded the Jaguar IB, a tandem trainer variant, with 5 built by BAe, and 27 built by HAL.

Later on, the Jaguar IS was adapted into a naval aircraft by HAL, designated the Jaguar IM. This variant was fitted with an arrestor hook for carrier operations, as well as a radar system. and up to two BAe Sea Eagle anti-ship cruise missiles.

The Jaguar saw operational deployment in Indian service on multiple occasions, including reconnaissance in Sri Lanka as a component of the Indian Peacekeeping Force, and again in an offensive role during the Kargil War where it was instrumental in its role as a strike aircraft.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Jaguar IS Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:Jaguar IS WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Jaguar IS WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Jaguar IS WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Jaguar IS WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Jaguar IS WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Jaguar IS WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[Jaguar (Family)]]
** [[Jaguar A]]
** [[Jaguar E]]
** [[Jaguar GR.1]]
** [[Jaguar GR.1A]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8742-development-sword-of-justice-jaguar-is-en|[Devblog] Sword of Justice: Jaguar IS]]

{{AirManufacturer SEPECAT}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}

Jaguar IS

2024-03-08T11:51:52Z

U36317457: I have filled out the vast majority of the article, although it isn't quite finished. I will fill out the rest of it in the coming days.

{{About
| about = British strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Jaguar (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jaguar_is
|images={{Specs-Card-Image}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''Jaguar IS''' is an Indian variant of the SEPECAT Jaguar, a supersonic jet attack aircraft that emerged as a joint Anglo-French venture for a supersonic jet trainer with light ground attack capabilities. One of many export variants, this vehicle has seen extensive service in its more than 40 years of continuous service, arming Indian squadrons since 1981.

Relative to its battle rating, the Jaguar IS sports rather modest suspended ordnance, especially when compared to its contemporaries. Nonetheless, it can pack quite a heavy punch, with a bombload of up to 8,000 lbs. The Jaguar IS retains the over-wing air-to-air missile pylons that made the Jaguar GR.1A so unique, meaning that this jet does not compromise on air-to-air capabilities, regardless of the air-to-ground ordnance selected. And these are no ordinary missiles: a pair of Matra R550 Magic 2s are incredibly potent, and are arguably among the most powerful infrared homing missiles in all of War Thunder.

The Jaguar IS was introduced in Update Air Superiority as a reward for the Sword of Justice event.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

While it is indeed supersonic, the jet does not have particularly remarkable performance, and is outclassed by most of its contemporaries. It has lacklustre engine power and poor aerodynamics, lending to an inability to supercruise, lacklustre acceleration and terrible energy retention.

Thankfully, the Jaguar IS does have rather robust engines that are very slow to overheat, and give ample time to reduce throttle before incurring any damage to the engines. Additionally, it has adequate manoeuvrability and among the best nose authority of any aircraft in the game, rivalled only by other Jaguar variants. This gives the aircraft the ability to force the nose towards an enemy, thereby bringing the guns on-target. This technique often catches enemies off-guard, and can net a quick and satisfying kill from time-to-time.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,576 || 1,558 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.6 || 32.2 || 86.2 || 78.2 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited Adour Mk.811 || 2
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| 709 kg || colspan="2" | _____
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The aircraft has no armour to speak of, thus the pilot, engines, and fuel tanks are vulnerable to stray shrapnel. This can lead to a "pilot-snipe", or set fire to the vehicle, a particularly common cause of death considering the Jaguar IS lacks any engine fire systems or fire-prevention equipment.

However, the Jaguar IS does have access to ample countermeasures including both flares and chaff. With 60 slots, it's by no means indulgent when compared to other aircraft like the Harrier GR.7, but it is more than enough to last most sorties in both Realistic and Simulator battles. This is compounded by its modern Radar Warning Receiver, which can detect radar bands E-J, Pulse Doppler, Track While Scan, and even Continuous-Wave radar. Furthermore, it is able to display the relative position of the radar source along 4 axes, which is sufficient for most use cases.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ADEN Mk.4 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 30 mm ADEN Mk.4 cannon, belly-mounted (150 rpg)
** 1 x 30 mm ADEN Mk.4 cannon + 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

=== Air-to-Air ===
The Jaguar IS sports a pair of Matra R550 Magic 2 heat-seeking air-to-air missiles, which are arguably some of the most capable weapons of its class in all of War Thunder. The Magic 2 has a 35G overload and an all-aspect uncaged seeker. Furthermore, it has IRCCM, rendering it practically all but immune to standard calibre flares in the rear-aspect. This means that a rear-aspect lock on a target is pretty much a guaranteed kill. This is especially the case in a down-tier facing 10.0 aircraft, which often lack flares entirely.

=== Air-to-Ground ===
As a strike fighter, the Jaguar IS can be assumed to have a diverse and powerful array of suspended ordnance. However, this is unfortunately not the case: it has a rather modest payload of up to 8,000 lbs which is less than most of its peers. This means that it can only destroy one base (5,000lbs per base), with 3,000lbs to spare. Despite the somewhat mediocre payload, the CCRP for bombs as well as the fact that bombs are dropped one at a time (rather than in pairs) it can be very precise while delivering a sizeable payload. Assuming every bomb nets a kill (which is fairly reasonable given the explosive mass), the Jaguar IS can theoretically get as many as 8 kills - or more - in Ground Realistic battles.

It has access to up to 3 rather potent guided bombs which is above average for aircraft at its battle rating. This gives it excellent capability for long-range precision targeting, and is especially useful in Air Simulator, Ground Realistic, and Ground Simulator Battles.

Furthermore, the Tornado IS can mount unguided rockets, however they are not particularly potent or reliable as a weapon. While they do have a lot of penetration due to their HEAT warheads, conventional dumb or guided bombs are more reliable. Rockets are only worth considering in some Enduring Confrontation scenarios where the player wishes to kill numerous ground targets in a single sortie.

The Tornado IS has CCIP/CCRP for all available munitions and ordnance, allowing for precision target acquisition and bombardment. In the hands of a competent player, this pretty much guarantees that suspended armament will result in a kill.

== Usage in battles ==

=== Air Battles ===

==== Air Arcade ====
The Jaguar IS is excellent in Air Arcade battles as a fighter. It's excellent manoeuvrability and nose authority grants it an unparalleled edge when compared to enemies. Furthermore, the flight models in Air Arcade better accommodate the quirks of the Jaguar airframe, minimising energy bleed while allowing the aircraft to pull manoeuvres otherwise impossible in other game modes. Unfortunately, the Jaguar IS has only 1 x 30 mm ADEN Mk.4 cannon, which reduces the likelihood of getting a kill from a glancing blow, increasing the time-to-kill. Luckily, the low velocity of this armament is accommodated by the presence of a lead indicator in this game mode.

Concerns regarding the scarcity of ammunition, countermeasures, and air-to-air ordnance are further alleviated in this game mode due to intermittent aerial rearmament upon running out of ammo.

Taking bombs is ill-advised at this battle rating due to the sheer onslaught of enemy aircraft, many of whom are quick to prey on strike jets like the Jaguar. Bomb targets in Air Arcade require more ordnance to successfully destroy than in Air Realistic battles, further condemning the rather lacklustre bombload of the Jaguar IS to mediocrity. It is for this reason that the recommended payload in Air Arcade battles is:

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

==== Air Realistic ====
The Jaguar IS is poorly suited to Air Realistic battles on most occasions due to its inadequate top speed and acceleration, and its overall vulnerability to enemy aircraft. While it has excellent air-to-air missiles, it only has two of them, and thus it is imperative to stay avoid being swarmed by enemy aircraft since the Jaguar IS can only reliably take one or two enemies at a time. Plus, it is rarely able to destroy bomb targets since most teammates are in much faster aircraft and are able to reach and destroy all available bomb targets long before the Jaguar IS reaches the battlefield.

The recommended payload in Air Realistic Battles is:

* 2x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 8x 1,000 lb bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

This loadout gives the player the ability to defend themselves against enemy aircraft while fulfilling its strike role. It is ill advised to focus on player-vs-player (PvP) gameplay due to the vulnerability and lacklustre air-to-air capabilities of the jet, and so the only other viable option is to focus on strike, with air-to-air kills as a bonus if the situation presents itself.

It is advised that the player loiter behind the frontlines, climbing to a high altitude, waiting for the bomb targets to respawn. Alternatively, the player can opt out of bombs, carrying Matra Magic 2 missiles exclusively, to go for a couple of quick kills before immediately retreating to base. At base, the player can then re-equip the larger payload aforementioned.

==== Air Simulator ====
The Jaguar IS is a capable aircraft in Air Simulator, although its lack of radar severely hampers it. If encountering an enemy, the Magic 2 all-aspect missiles are exceptionally hard to dodge, although it is unlikely you will notice an enemy before they notice you considering most aircraft have radar at this tier.

For safe and reliable gameplay, it is advised to carry the maximum bombload to target enemy bases, as this is consistently the most reliable and safest way to earn points for your team in this vehicle. The dumb bombs are also more than capable of taking out most naval targets since their anti-air capabilities are largely redundant in this game mode. The head-up display (HUD) shows the bomb CCRP when selected.

However, should the player wish to target an aircraft carrier, or other ground units escorted by SPAAGs, it is best to use the guided bombs instead. This is because SPAAGs and carrier anti-air batteries are absolutely ruthless in Air Simulator battles, and a distance of at least a kilometre must be maintained at all times.

It is imperative to bring chaff in Air Simulator due to the increased reliance on radar-guided missiles and medium ranged combat in this game mode.

The recommended payload in this game mode is either:

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 8 x 1,000 lb bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

or

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 1 x LITENING targeting pod
* 3 x Mk.13 guided bombs

=== Ground Battles ===

==== Ground Arcade ====
You have no control over the aircraft you are allocated or the ordnance equipped in Ground Arcade. Play with the cards you are dealt. The Jaguar IS is considered a reward vehicle and is not present in the standard Ground Arcade air battle event pool; players are overwhelmingly unlikely to spawn this jet in Ground Arcade.

==== Ground Realistic ====
The Jaguar IS can pursue two playstyles in Ground Realistic battles. The first is the more conventional aggressive playstyle featuring unguided bombs. This method can net up to 8 kills in the hands of a skilled player using the CCRP, although it is necessary to get close to carry out such strikes, putting the aircraft in range of enemy self-propelled anti-aircraft guns (SPAAG). Alternatively, the player can opt for a safer, more cautions approach, using the guided bombs to target enemies with greater precision from longer range. The Jaguar IS can only carry up to 3 guided bombs, so this strategy typically nets less kills, but it is much safer and allows the player to return to the airfield to re-arm and head back in on another bombing run.

It is not recommended to use unguided rockets in Ground Realistic due to their short range and unreliability against the particularly armoured targets encountered at this battle rating. Most enemies have either explosive reactive armour (ERA), composite armour, or both, which can completely neuter or significantly reduce the lethality of the HEAT warheads on the rockets. It is typically necessary to fire off at least a dozen or so rockets to guarantee a kill, at which point one might as well use bombs instead due to their reliability.

The recommended loadouts for Ground Realistic battles are either:

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 8 x 1,000 lb bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

or

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 1 x LITENING II targeting pod
* 3 x Mk.13 guided bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

==== Ground Simulator ====
In Ground Simulator, guided munitions are by far the most effective way to get kills. Pilot awareness in the first-person view is severely restricted and therefore the pilot is far more vulnerable to enemy SPAA. One must maintain a distance of at least two kilometres at all times from the battlefield in order to reliably mitigate this. Furthermore, aircraft are much more difficult to handle in Air Simulator battles, so using dumb bombs on often moving targets is difficult to do accurately. This means that the use of guided bombs is not only imperative for the safety of the pilot, but imperative for the precision of the strike itself.

The recommended payload in Ground Simulator battles is:

* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 2
* 1 x LITENING II targeting pod
* 3 x Mk.13 guided bombs
* 30 x flares & 30 x chaff

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Excellent air-to-air missiles
** Matra R550 Magic 2 have IRCCM
** Matra R550 Magic 2 are provided stock
* Over-wing pylons mean air-to-air weapons do not compromise on payload
* Access to guided bombs with modern guidance systems
* Excellent nose-authority
* Constantly Computed Impact Point (CCIP) available for all ordnance

*

'''Cons:'''

* No radar
* Poor acceleration & energy retention
* Sub-par payload & ordnance
** Maximum payload is less than many of its contemporaries
** Relatively scarce supply of countermeasures
** Only two air-to-air missiles
** Only one autocannon

*

== History ==

The Jaguar IS is an Indian variant of the internationally successful SEPECAT Jaguar, which has seen service in as many as six countries, including France, the United Kingdom, India, Oman, Ecuador, and Nigeria. Originally developed as a jet trainer, this ambition was swiftly superseded with the goal of creating an all-weather light strike platform with interdiction capabilities. A joint-venture between France and the United Kingdom, it went on to see service in numerous roles and theatres of conflict including the Gulf War and the NATO intervention in Yugoslavia, where their precision-guided munitions proved crucial to minimising civilian casualties from aerial operations in Bosnia, Serbia, Croatia, Kosovo, and Herzegovina.

The Jaguar IS is one of several export variants, this one specifically intended for Indian service. The aircraft was initially adapted and produced by British Aerospace (BAe), however production was subsequently relinquished to Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the remainder of its production run. 35 Jaguar IS jets were built by BAe, while the remaining 89 were built by HAL. India also fielded the Jaguar IB, a tandem trainer variant, with 5 built by BAe, and 27 built by HAL.

Later on, the Jaguar IS was adapted into a naval aircraft by HAL, designated the Jaguar IM. This variant was fitted with an arrestor hook for carrier operations, as well as a radar system. and up to two BAe Sea Eagle anti-ship cruise missiles.

The Jaguar saw operational deployment in Indian service on multiple occasions, including reconnaissance in Sri Lanka as a component of the Indian Peacekeeping Force, and again in an offensive role during the Kargil War where it was instrumental in its role as a strike aircraft.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

* [[Jaguar (Family)]]
** [[Jaguar A]]
** [[Jaguar E]]
** [[Jaguar GR.1]]
** [[Jaguar GR.1A]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8742-development-sword-of-justice-jaguar-is-en|[Devblog] Sword of Justice: Jaguar IS]]

{{AirManufacturer SEPECAT}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}

Jaguar GR.1A

2023-04-11T11:55:20Z

U36317457: Usage in battles + Pros&Cons detailed

{{About
| about = British strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Jaguar (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jaguar_gr1a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ground Breaking"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Jaguar GR.1A handles nearly the same as the previous [[Jaguar GR.1]]. However, due to having access to Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited Adour Mk.104 engines, the acceleration, cruise speed, and maximum speed are significantly increased. It generally maintains similar flight performance and use, with a slightly reduced turn-time at high speeds. It has the same loadout capacity as the previous Jaguar, performing nearly exactly the same with mounted ordnance. It is nowhere near being the fastest plane at its battle rating but can become a difficult opponent when being hunted down, especially if the Jaguar has a speed advantage.

'''When on take-off:'''

Taking off with the Jaguar GR.1A is pretty straightforward, no changes from the GR.1 with the exception that it reaches the minimum lift velocity faster than the GR.1. Flaps are not required for take-off even with the 8 x 1,000 lb bomb payload. However, it is recommended to be used for an easier take-off. Carrier take-off are the same but with a much shorter take-off time. Be aware of centering the aircraft correctly with the deck or else a landing gear might break.

'''When on landing:'''

Landings should be done below 500 km/h but depending on the situation, map and place where the Jaguar will land (aircraft carrier or airfield) this may vary. When landing on a carrier, maintain greater speeds than 360 km/h but less than 480 km/h, this is to ensure a safe pull up if the hook is missed. When landing on an airfield, maintain speeds greater than 300 km/h but less than 450 km/h, this is to ensure the plane has enough space to brake and slow down. Upon reaching 300 km/h while on the ground, a drag chute is deployed to assist in slowing down the aircraft. Use the airbrake in order to slow down faster.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/secSond)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,557 || 1,540 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.7 || 32.2 || 75.8 || 67.7 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,643 || 1,591 || 29.2 || 30.0 || 118.1 || 95.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,273  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1,273 || 525 || 410 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 585 || < 600 || < 649 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited Adour Mk.104 || 2
| colspan="3" | 7,656 kg || colspan="3" | 455 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 15m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 51m fuel
|-
| 709 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 8,632 kg || 8,916 kg || 9,546 kg || 10,491 kg || 10,909 kg || 13,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 15m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 51m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,061 kgf || 3,354 kgf
| 0.78 || 0.75 || 0.70 || 0.64 || 0.61 || 0.50
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,313 kgf (200 km/h) || 3,585 kgf (200 km/h)
| 0.83 || 0.80 || 0.75 || 0.68 || 0.66 || 0.53
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The aircraft gets no extra armoured protection, therefore it's extra weak against autocannons. The fuel tanks are self-sealing. This will help you a lot when getting shot at by enemy autocannons, but not air-to-air missiles, which are very common at this battle rating. As seen in the previous Jaguar, damage done to the engines will most likely result in making a non-recoverable manoeuvre and they are prompt to catch fire easily. Keep this in mind when fighting other aircraft and SPAA. The Jaguar has access to a Radar Warning Receiver, which can be useful to alert the pilot of incoming aircraft with radar-guided missiles, or ground based radar anti-air.

The use of chaff and flares significantly improves the survivability of the aircraft in all game modes. Flares are a very useful tool to combat both IR-guided air-to-air missiles and ground vehicles such as the [[Ozelot]], [[Type 93]], and [[SIDAM 25 (Mistral)]]. However, chaff still remains useless against SPAA radars. The best countermeasure against them is to stay out of sight by flying too high or too low.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ADEN Mk.4 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 2 x 30 mm ADEN Mk.4 cannons, belly-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
** 2 x 30 mm ADEN Mk.4 cannons + 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Mk.M2 (540 lb)|H.E. M.C. Mk.13 (1,000 lb)|CRV7 M247|SNEB type 23}}
{{main|Mk.13 (546 kg)|AIM-9G Sidewinder}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles
* 8 x 540 lb Mk.M2 bombs (4,320 lb total)
* 8 x 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 bombs (8,000 lb total)

* 76 x CRV7 M247 rockets
* 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 2 x 546 kg Mk.13 bombs (1,092 kg total)

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6 !! width="6%" | 7
| rowspan="8" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! 540 lb Mk.M2 bombs
| 1 || 2 || || 2 || || 2 || 1
|-
! 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 bombs
| 1 || 2 || || 2 || || 2 || 1
|-
! 546 kg Mk.13 bombs
| || 1* || || || || 1* ||
|-
! CRV7 M247 rockets
| 19 || 19 || || || || 19 || 19
|-
! SNEB type 23 rockets
| 18 || 18 || || || || 18 || 18
|-
! AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles
| || || 1 || || 1 || ||
|-
! TIALD
| || || || 1* || || ||
|-
| colspan="9" | * The TIALD pod must be carried when equipping Mk.13 bombs
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Jaguar is mostly a strike aircraft with defensive capabilities against aircraft. The role of the Jaguar is pretty straightforward when it comes to air battles: base bombing or ground/naval units bombing. It is recommended to utilize the different bomb payloads combined with flares and the AIM-9G. Rockets are not recommended to be taken as they are inaccurate and useless against lightly armoured vehicles, even with the ballistic computer. GBUs are the main weapon against any vessel. They are recommended to be used against destroyers, cruisers, battleships, and even enemy carriers. A well-placed Mk.13 is enough to sink a carrier.

The Jaguar has a wide variety of payloads for all types of players: for those who want to be fast and engage bases or ground targets as quickly as possible, and for those who want to carry out as much destruction as possible. The main advantage of the GR.1A over other strike aircraft is its ability to carry AIM-9G as well as significant ground ordnance due to the over-wing pylons.

The recommended payload for a fair trade in speed, firepower and defensive capabilities is the 2 x AIM-9G + 6 x 1,000 lb bombs payload, which provides more than enough bombs to take 2 bases in maps where there are only 3 bases and airfield, or 1 of the 4 respawning bases which take double the payload. If the player wants to play a more aggressive full bomb payload, then the 8 x 1,000 lb bombs payload can be carried.

=== In Air Battles ===

==== In Arcade ====
The high nose authority of the aircraft in Arcade lends it the ability to land very clean shots on enemy aircraft in a dogfight. Furthermore, the low muzzle velocity of the autocannons are better accommodated in Arcade, due to the presence of the lead indicator. However, it is not recommended to be used in Arcade due to its poor overall flight characteristics. Its only advantage in this field is its indestructible combat flaps, which are moot in Arcade, as this is the case with all Arcade flight models.

The recommended payload in Arcade is:

* 2× AIM-9Gs
* 6× 1,000lb bombs

This is because bomb targets have greater survivability in Arcade.

==== In Realistic ====
The Jaguar lacks the speed and acceleration to make it to bomb targets before any other teammates. Players should therefore expect to encounter the possibility that most bomb targets have been destroyed by the time they reach the battlefield, and be willing to adjust their flight path towards other bases in this instance.

Furthermore, players are rather limited in their versatility. The Jaguar lacks air-to-air capabilities, and is very vulnerable to being attacked by other players, as most fighters it encounters unilaterally out-perform it in every way. A lack of precision ordnance also renders it inept against most ground targets. Targeting bases should always be the priority of a Jaguar GR.1A pilot, as this gives the largest bang for your buck.

At the beginning of each battle, players should check the battle rating of enemies they are engaging, by referencing it against their own team. If the highest-rated player is at 10.7, players should exclusively take flares in their countermeasure slots. If, however, the player is at 11.0 or 11.3, the player should take chaff too, as many aircraft begin to carry Semi-Active Radar Homing (SARH) missiles at this battle rating.

The recommended payload in Realistic is to carry a custom loadout.

* 2× AIM-9Gs on over-wing pylons
* 2× 540lb bombs under the fuselage
* 4× 1,000lb bombs mounted on wing pylons (2 on each wing)

This is exactly enough to destroy one base. Carrying 6× 1,000lb bombs only serves to limit your flight performance, as the 1,000lb bombs always drop in pairs, and it takes ~5,000lbs of payload to destroy a base.

==== In Simulator ====
The Jaguar is surprisingly effective in Air Simulator battles. Less players focusing on air-to-air combat gives it much needed breathing room to focus on ground attack, without having to always check your six.

The Jaguar can focus on both base and unit destruction in GSB.

For destroying bases, the recommended payload is the same as in Realistic battles:

* 2× AIM-9Gs on over-wing pylons
* 2× 540lb bombs under the fuselage
* 4× 1,000lb bombs mounted on wing pylons (2 on each wing)

For destroying ground targets, the recommended payload is the guided bombs and the TIALD pod.

* 2× AIM-9Gs on over-wing pylons
* 1× TIALD targeting pod beneath the fuselage
* 2× Mk.13 guided bombs mounted on wing pylons
* 2× 1,000lb bombs mounted on wing pylons

For maximum efficiency, it is recommended to focus on naval units if acting as CAS. This nets the greatest reward for each unit destroyed. Using the guided bombs on naval units is highly recommended, as a well-placed bomb can even sink a carrier on occasion. On the other hand, the unguided bombs should be used on ground targets, due to their inaccuracy.

=== In Ground Battles ===
The Jaguar should be played the same way in both Ground Realistic Battles and Ground Simulator Battles; it is highly effective regardless. Your greatest threat is enemy SPAA units, so you should carry some chaff in your countermeasure slots to interrupt enemy radar systems.

The recommended bombload in both Ground Realistic Battles and Ground Simulator Battles is:

* 2× AIM-9Gs on over-wing pylons
* 1× TIALD targeting pod beneath the fuselage
* 2× Mk.13 guided bombs mounted on wing pylons
* 2× 1,000lb bombs mounted on wing pylons

If a player is comfortable with using the Constantly Computed Impact Point (CCIP) in Ground Realistic Battles, and cares more about total damage output rather than accuracy, it is also recommended to use:

* 2× AIM-9Gs on over-wing pylons
* 2× 540lb bombs under the fuselage
* 4× 1,000lb bombs mounted on wing pylons (2 on each wing)

=== Using Mk.13 GBU and TIALD ===
[[File:Jaguar GR.1A TIALD Display.png|thumb|379x379px|As seen in picture, TIALD shares similarities with the helicopter gunner sights.]]
The Jaguar GR.1A brings completely new systems to Great Britain's aircraft tech-tree. While similar to the French [[Jaguar A]], it does has its changes, pros and cons. The guided munitions features have been seen in other aircraft in-game such as the [[MiG-27M]], [[MiG-23 (Family)|MiG-23]], [[A-7D]] and the like. However, the Jaguar GR.1A is the only penultimate strike aircraft to lack access to guided air-to-ground missiles, only bombs.

==== TIALD ====
The TIALD (Thermal Imaging Airborne Laser Designator) is a new targeting pod added to the Jaguar GR.1A which, unlike the French Jaguar, has access to thermal vision, making target acquisition a much easier task. While in use, it acts very similar to helicopter gunner sights for modern helicopters, utilizing almost the exact same functions. Range is not displayed in the HUD as seen in helicopters. However, this is not a crucial aspect of accurate bombing as the range is fully dependent on the aircraft's attitude (altitude, speed, angle of attack, etc). If the user is familiar with helicopter HUD, you will be familiar with the indicators to the left of the reticle.
[[File:Jaguar GR.1A TIALD Display 2.png|left|frame|TIALD indicators]]
These indicators signal the following: THR (throttle), IAS (indicated air speed), ALT (altitude). These indicators will stay fixed to the sight regardless of the loadout. The lower indicators will vary according to the loadout carried at the time, in this case: GBU (Mk.13 guided bombs) and FLR (chaff and flares according to the loadout). The TIALD has a double functionality, not only working as the laser designator for GBUs but can work as an additional scouting tool for better situational awareness, both for air-to-ground and air-to-air. Functionalities of the TIALD will be explained further below.

Something to keep in mind is that while the TIALD pod can look backwards it cannot look directly downwards, this means that if you have the pod locked to a target and you fly directly over the target the pod can lose its lock on the target when it hits the downwards limit. If you allow this to happen, it is likely the bomb will miss the target before you are able to get the targeting pod pointed at it again. In order to avoid this, you can fly slightly off to the side of your target (rather than passing straight over it) so that the pod can keep pointed at the target by swivelling sideways, rather than straight down like it would have to if you few directly over it.

==== Mk.13 GBU ====
The Mk.13 GBU are capable laser-guided bombs able to destroy any ground unit with a single hit and cause significant damage to any vessel in-game, including aircraft carriers. Unlike other unguided bombs, the GBU have extended range even if no lock is made. This is due to having surface controls that keep the bomb level during flight when there is no guidance. In order to successfully perform precision airstrikes, some basic keybind controls have to be done first for this to work properly. First, the "Sight Stabilization" keybind under the Controls > Aircraft > Weaponry must be set, to lock on to a target.
[[File:Jaguar GR.1A TIALD Display 4.png|left|thumb|323x323px|Successful lock with free camera movement]]
In order to properly make a laser lock, a target that can be locked onto must be found, which is easily achieved by using the thermal imagery on the TIALD targeting pod. If a target is successfully acquired, a fully enclosed square will be displayed around the target. A non-locked target will show the box as a striped square. With a successful lock, GBU can be released in multiple ways. However, there are some things to keep in mind before dropping the GBU. If we have a locked-on target, hitting the "Sight Stabilization" key again will pop up a circle over the box. The circle gives free camera motion while staying slaved to the movement of the target. This is particularly useful to compensate for speed when hitting moving targets, or to simply adjust the desired point of contact. Once the guidance position is satisfactory, the bomb can be released. The GBU tends to maintain a horizontal flight path if it does not have a laser lock, for this same reason the GBU must be dropped at an angle. This is particularly easy as the CCIP ballistic computer shows the general area of the impact zone. As long as bomb is released inside the circle of the CCIP marking, the bomb will hit the marked location precisely.
[[File:Jaguar GR.1A GBU usage.png|right|thumb|The angle of attack and altitude has been exaggerated for a more visual example]]
As soon as the bombs are released, they will instantly start to guide themselves towards the target as long as the laser lock is active. Keep in mind the bombs are dependent on gravity and are not self-propelled, so when attacking a moving target, make sure to compensate for the target's movement for a successful hit. There is a slight delay between the bomb's release and it beginning to guide itself in to the target.

A single GBU is needed per ground target, not only because the bomb has the equivalent to 288 kg of TNT, but the pinpoint accuracy will, most of the time, hit the enemy vehicle's roof, destroying it 99% of the time. Assault fuze is advised here, no need for a time fuze for multiple reasons: There is no risk of explosion self-damage as bombing can be easily done at stand-off distance, assault fuze will ensure the bomb explodes when it hits on target which, in case the target is not hit directly, reduces the escape window for the target.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can outrun most enemy aircraft in a full down-tier
* Excellent roll rate
* Combat flaps cannot rip off
* Sufficient quantity of countermeasures
* Sufficient armament
** Potent autocannon
** Diverse array of ordnance
*** Effective air-to-air missiles
**** Mounted on over-wing pylons so you do not have to sacrifice any air-to-ground ordnance to carry them (unlike on the other [[Jaguar (Family)|Jaguar]] variants)
*** Sizeable bomb load
*** Access to laser-guided bombs
**** TIALD targeting pod has thermal imaging, unlike the ATLIS II targeting pod on the [[Jaguar A]]

'''Cons:'''

* Poor overall flight performance
** Very poor acceleration, even when afterburning
** Low top-speed
** Very poor energy retention, leading to severe loss of speed in evasive manoeuvres
** Propensity to stall
** Horrendous stock performance
* Limited air-to-air ordnance
* Rather lacking ammunition for the 30 mm cannons
* Very high fuel consumption when using afterburner (more so than on other aircraft)

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jaguar_gr1a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|DekpjJT2Yws|'''The Shooting Range #279''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:26 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


* [[F-1]]
* [[T-2]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/538757-jaguar-gr1a Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer SEPECAT}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}

Lightning F.6

2023-03-31T12:05:25Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ corrections and additional detail

{{About
| about = British jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the premium version
| link = Lightning F.53
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=lightning_f6
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|Lightning Red Top Kill.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_lightning_f6.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

The Lightning is a very distinctive aircraft, with its unique stacked engine design, highly swept wings, and large ventral fuel tank. It was designed as a high performance interceptor aircraft, to defend against Soviet bombers, sacrificing range and flexibility for raw performance. With most of the fuselage taken up by the two powerful Rolls-Royce Avon engines, fuel had to be put wherever it could fit inside the wings (including inside the flaps), and in a large ventral fuel tank fitted to the underside of the aircraft. Another factor adding to the Lightning's unique appearance is the fitment of two air-to-air missiles to the sides of the forward fuselage.

In-game, the Lightning has decent acceleration, climb rate, and top speed; and can carry two Firestreak or Red Top missiles. While its missiles are not the best in the game they are still powerful weapons, although the limited quantity does require you to chose your shots carefully.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Lightning F.6 possesses good acceleration and climb performance, although arguably not as good as late model MiG-21s, and some [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|Phantoms]]. The Lightning's two powerful Avon 302 engines do however give it the unique capability of being able to supercruise (fly supersonic without afterburner) at all altitudes, something no other aircraft in the game can do. At sea level the Lightning can supercruise at Mach 1.03, with this generally increasing with altitude (for example at 5,000 m it can supercruise at Mach 1.07). The Lightning has a lower listed wing rip speed than other top tier jets such as MiG-21s and [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4 Phantoms]], however it due to its powerful engines it is capable of reaching (and exceeding) this speed in level flight, even with a full missile armament. This means that the Lightning is actually faster than many of its competitors in a low altitude chase situation, being able to reach Mach 1.08 safely at sea level and Mach 1.10 if you want to push it (structural failure tends to occur at this speed so be careful); Mach 1.14 can be safely reached at 1,000 m. Enemy aircraft can still catch you if they are coming out of a dive, but a surprising number will not be able to keep up in a prolonged chase with a Lightning. Supercruise can be used to give the Lightning longer endurance than other top tier jets, without having to sacrifice speed.

In real life the Lightning's optimal climb profile was to accelerate to 450 knots (833 km/h) and then enter a climb, adjusting the climb angle to maintaining 450 kts / Mach 0.87 (whichever is lower)<ref name="LightningF6ODM" />, and this method works well in game however a simpler approach can just be to accelerate to a reasonably high speed (around 1,000 km/h and enter a 30 degree climb). The Lightning is not a particularly manoeuvrable aircraft, however it can turn fairly well when at high subsonic speed and lower altitude, turning off the afterburner can also improve turning performance in some situations. The roll rate varies with speed and altitude, but is generally nothing special (bar a few speed / altitude combinations, where it rolls surprisingly well).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 12,192 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,240 || 2,213 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.8 || 28.0 || 124.6 || 115.4 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,353 || 2,290 || 24.4 || 26.0 || 177.8 || 150.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 654 || 463 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 700 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Avon Mk.302 || 2
| colspan="2" | 14,020 kg || colspan="2" | 436 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel
|-
| 1,310 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 15,382 kg || 18,109 kg || 18,559 kg || 19,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 5,616 kgf || 7,413 kgf
| 0.96 || 0.82 || 0.80 || 0.78
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,616 kgf (0 km/h) || 7,747 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 1.01 || 0.86 || 0.83 || 0.82
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


In line with its role as a high-performance interceptor aircraft the Lightning F.6 has no armoured plating or bulletproof glass, such additions would have increased the weight of the aircraft, while offering no real benefit for its intended role.

Most of the inside of the wings (including the flaps) consists of fuel tanks, fuel is also stored in the ventral tank. The top engine is mounted above and to the rear of the bottom engine, this leaves it exposed to enemy fire; on the flip side the bottom engine is shielded from enemy fire by the top engine and wing fuel tanks, this makes is surprisingly resilient to damage, it is not uncommon for it to even continue functioning after the aircraft has been hit by a missile (although the rest of the aircraft will be well and truly broken afterwards).

The large belly tank and high wings of the Lightning mean it is able to survive belly landings very well.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The Lightning is a difficult aircraft to use when stock. If you particularly dislike the stock ADEN cannons then you may wish to priorities the cannon upgrades, however generally it is advisable to focus on flight performance and missile upgrades. Once you gain the ability to unlock tier 2 modifications you should prioritise the Red Tops, they are far from the best missiles in the game, but they can be useful; after that the new boosters modification is worth getting to improve the general handling of the aircraft. For tier 3 modifications you should get the wings repair and engine upgrades (unless you really want the ADEN upgrades). After this you can research the rest of the upgrades according to personal preference.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ADEN (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm ADEN cannons, mounted in belly tank (120 rpg = 240 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Firestreak|Red Top}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x Firestreak missiles
* 2 x Red Top missiles

== Usage in battles ==


In combined battles, pilots of the {{PAGENAME}} may find themselves unable to deal much damage against ground vehicles, especially without the use of rockets, anti-tank missiles, or bombs. As such, this fighter is better suited to dealing with enemy air targets such as helicopters, which are plentiful at the Lightning's battle rating.

Although it faces challenges there, air realistic battles are where the Lightning truly belongs. The F.6 is able to use its Red Top missiles to dispatch enemies from a distance. Best practice with the missiles is to fire when there is about a 1.5 km gap between the F.6 and the enemy aircraft. This gap gives the missile time to lock on its target and track the enemy. One downside to the Red Tops is that they are not particularly fast compared to other missiles at its tier and may have trouble manoeuvring to catch an enemy aircraft travelling at top speed.

The {{PAGENAME}} handles well at subsonic speeds, although dogfights at those speeds are not common at this battle rating. Flying slowly leaves the pilot vulnerable to nearby enemies. Among those enemies may be the [[MiG-21 F-13]], which the Lightning can often out-dogfight and the [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4C]], which the Lightning has an extremely difficult time trying to out-dogfight. The Lightning just doesn't have the energy retention that the Phantom does.

Keeping this in mind, it is advised that pilots use this plane as part of a team, rather than as an attempted solo carry. It is recommended that they climb to higher altitude early on in the match and by gaining as much energy as possible before dumping it in dogfight manoeuvres.

Enemy planes that the Lightning F.6 is well-suited to take on in a fight are the [[Mitsubishi T-2]], the [[F-100D]], and the [[MiG-19 (Family)|Mig-19s]] of all variants.

===Radars===
The Lightning F.6 is equipped with an AI.23 search and tracking radar. The radar is mounted in the nose of the aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AI.23 - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 100,000 m (theoretical) || 50,000 m || ±50.0° || ±8.0°
|-
! colspan="4" | AI.23 - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 100,000 m || 300 m || ±50.0° || ±30.0°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extraordinarily competitive climb rate & acceleration
** Can out-speed & out-accelerate aircraft even in a full up-tier
* Formidable angle-of-attack above low speeds
* Highly versatile missiles
** Capable of all-aspect tracking via radar slaving
** Unlikely to encounter countermeasures
* Surprisingly good turn rate between 800 and 1,000 km/h IAS
* Comparatively survivable
** One engine is sufficient to power aircraft
** Engines rarely overheat
** Enemies aiming centre-mass are unlikely to kill the pilot

'''Cons:'''

* Vulnerable to itself
** Can rip wings and avionics easily at 1360 km/h IAS
** Very high fuel consumption when using afterburner
* Awkward cannon handling
** Cannons are mounted under the fuselage
** Low muzzle velocity
** Low fire rate
* Poor manoeuvrability
** Controls are unresponsive at low speeds
** Poor energy retention at high-subsonic speeds
** Avionics lock-up (compress) at transonic/supersonic speeds
* Lack of versatility
** No strike ordnance

== History ==

===Background===
In February 1946 the British government cancelled the Miles M.52 programme, only a few months before the first prototype was due to fly. The M.52 was a supersonic research aircraft, designed to reach speeds in excess of 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h) and potentially become the first aircraft to achieve supersonic speeds in level flight.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice">Bowman 2009</ref> The cancellation sent a message to the aviation industry that the British Government had little interest in the development of supersonic aircraft. This did not deter English Electric Company engineer W. E. W. Petter; from his work designing the Canberra bomber he could tell that current fighters would be incapable of intercepting such an aircraft, and so began sketching designs for a new supersonic fighter.<ref name="IconsLightningStory">Chorlton 2012</ref>

Petter lobbied the government to pursue supersonic aircraft development and in early 1947 presented his proposed design to the Ministry of Supply (MoS), to his surprise this lead to the MoS issuing specification ER.103 calling for companies to produce designs for a supersonic research aircraft capable of Mach 1.5 at 36,000 ft.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> English Electric set to work on their proposal, which would later be known as the P.1.

===Development===
By the middle of 1948 most of the P.1's key design features were in place, the aircraft would have two engines stacked one on top of the other (this allowed for 2x increase in thrust while only increasing frontal area by 1.5x) and highly swept wings. English Electric was given a contract to develop the design further through 1949; wind tunnel testing indicated that the tailplane should be moved from the top of the vertical stabiliser to the bottom of the fuselage, and the wing sweep increased from 40° to 60°.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft">Ransom and Fairclough 1987</ref> By the end of 1949 most of the P.1's design had been finalised.

In September 1949, the MoS released the first draft of specification F.23/49 laying out the requirements for a supersonic fighter aircraft. English Electric decided they could modify the P.1 design to meet the new F.23/49 specification. In April 1950, they received a contract to produce three prototype P.1 aircraft (two for flight testing and one for static testing).<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Engineers at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) doubted English Electric's design for the P.1, believing that the aircraft should have had a 50° swept wing and kept the original high-mounted tailplane; this would lead to a second contract being handed to Short Brothers to produce an aircraft known as the SB.5. The SB.5 was a low-speed research aircraft (resembling the P.1) which facilitated the wings and tail being mounted in different configurations, with the aim being to find out whether English Electric or the RAE were correct. Later during testing it would be found that 60° was the optimal wing sweep and the high tail design would prove to be unstable in flight; proving English Electric correct in their design choices.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" />

In July 1952, while English Electric was working on building the P.1 prototypes, they were notified that the government intended to order a number of prototype fighters built to the F.23/49 specification, and so detailed design on the modified P.1 began. To avoid confusion, the two original P.1 aircraft would be known as P.1 and P.1A with the new fighter version known as the P.1B.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The official order for 3 P.1B prototypes was placed in August 1953 and was followed in February 1954 by an order for 20 P.1B development aircraft. The P.1 / P.1A were visually similar to the Lightning but had distinct differences; most notable were its use of non-afterburning Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire SA.5 engines and a significantly different cockpit and forward fuselage. The P.1 lacked the Lightning's distinctive shock cone intake, instead having a pear-shaped intake in the nose and also initially lacked the ventral fuel tank of production Lightnings. The P.1B was much closer to the production Lightning F.1 aircraft, being visually very similar, and incorporating most of the features of the production aircraft.<ref name="BurkeLightning">Burke 2016</ref>

The first P.1 was finished in May 1954 and taken to Boscombe Down, where it spent the next couple of months carrying out ground tests and fast taxi runs.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> With tests progressing well, the first flight for the P.1 was set to be the 3rd August 1954. However, as test pilot Roland Beamont climbed into the cockpit for the first flight, he accidentally triggered the engine bay fire extinguishers; with the rest of the day spent cleaning up the fire retardant the flight had to be postponed until the next day.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> The P.1 first flew on 4th August 1954, and shortly afterwards on its third flight it went supersonic, supercruising at Mach 1.02; in subsequent flights supercruise at Mach 1.08 in level flight would be achieved and in one flight the aircraft would eventually reach a speed of Mach 1.22.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The second P.1 prototype, known as P.1A, flew on 18th July 1955, featuring a ventral tank, twin 30 mm ADEN cannons mounted above the intake, and redesigned flaps.<ref name="LightningMk1_6">Darling 2008</ref> While the P.1A was undergoing testing, the original P.1 prototype was modified with Sapphire SA.5R engines which produced less dry thrust than the SA.5's but featured reheat (afterburner) which gave them much greater thrust than the SA.5 when engaged. With the new engines the P.1 could reach Mach 1.56; the P.1A was never fitted with the new engines. During testing of the P.1, problems with the cockpit canopy became apparent, on one test flight in August 1955 while the aircraft was flying at Mach 0.95 the canopy broke away from the aircraft. The test pilot was able to land without further incident, and the canopy locking mechanism was adjusted; however a few weeks later the canopy broke loose again. After further modifications English Electric believed the problem was resolved; until once more the canopy came away from the aircraft, this time while the aircraft was flying at supersonic speed.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Following this incident, English Electric decided to completely redesign the canopy locking mechanism, finally fixing the issue, luckily none of the pilots were seriously injured in any of the incidents.<ref name="LightningMk1_6" />

The P.1B first flew on the 4th April 1957 and was successfully taken to Mach 1.2 on its first flight.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> On the same day the P.1B first flew, the Government published the now infamous 1957 Defence White Paper, which cancelled most of Britain's advanced aircraft programmes under the (now known to be incorrect) belief that missile technology would make manned aircraft irrelevant; the P.1 was one of the few aircraft programmes not cancelled.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice" /> On the 23rd of October 1958 the P.1B was officially renamed to the Lightning.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Development of the P.1B continued with no major problems and on 25th November 1958 the P.1B became the first British aircraft to achieve Mach 2, sustaining it in level flight and with engines on the lowest of their four reheat settings.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Development continued with the last of the 20 P.1B pre-production aircraft taking to the air in September 1959;<ref name="LightningMk1_6" /> this was followed by the first P.1B Lightnings being delivered to RAF service in December 1959.

===RAF Service===
The first production version of the Lightning to enter RAF service was the Lightning F.1, which differed only slightly from the pre-production P.1Bs, it entered service with 74 squadron at Coltishall in 1960.<ref name="BurkeLightning" /> The F.1 was powered by two Avon 200R engines each producing 11,200 lb of dry thrust or 14,400 lb of thrust with maximum reheat (afterburner).<ref name="LightningF1PilotsNotes">Pilot's Notes, Lightning F.Mk 1 & F.Mk 1A</ref><ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> In terms of armament, the F.1 had two 30 mm ADEN cannons mounted above the air intake and provision for three different interchangeable weapon packs to be fitted in the weapons bay. The most common weapons pack (and the only one most people are aware of) was the Firestreak pack; the internals of the pack contained electronic and cooling systems, while pylons protruding from either side of the pack allowed the lightning to carry two Firestreak air-to-air missiles, one on either side of the fuselage. The other two packs were less well known, one allowed the fitment of two additional 30 mm ADEN cannons (bringing the total to four), and the other allowed the cartridge of 48 x 2" unguided air-to-air rockets.<ref name="LightningF1PilotsNotes" /> During normal flight the rockets would be stored internally, when the rockets were to be fired two launchers (each containing 24 rockets) would fold outwards from the weapon pack.<ref name="LightningMk1_6" />

A total of 22 production standard Lightning F.1s were built before production was switched to the improved F.1A standard. The F.1A was only slightly different to the F.1, featuring provision for an in-flight refuelling probe, some re-routed cabling from inside the engine bay to external cable ducts on the side of the fuselage, and Avon 210R engines; the engines had modifications to the reheat control system, but preformed the same as the Avon 200R engines of the F.1.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /><ref name="EngineDatabaseHandbook">Roux 2007</ref> The F.1A entered service in December 1960 serving alongside the Lightning F.1s. The first two-seat Lightning trainers, known as T.4s were also delivered in 1960; the T.4 was based on the F.1A and featured two pilots sat side by side in the cockpit.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> By 1965 the F.1s and F.1As had been withdrawn from front-line service, joining the T.4s in being used for pilot training and other duties into the 1970s.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" />

The next version of the Lightning to enter service was the F.2, planned as an interim version to enter service while the more advanced F.3 was still being developed. Externally it looked almost identical to the F.1A, with the only difference being the addition of a small air scoop on the "spine" of the aircraft. Internally however there were more changes; the engines were upgraded with fully variable reheat (instead of the 4 position reheat on earlier models), a significantly lighter and more compact oxygen system for the pilot, and an improved navigation system.<ref name="LightningMk1_6" /> The F.2 entered service with two squadrons in 1961, and became the first Lighting variant to serve outside of the UK, being based at RAF bases in West Germany.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" />

After the Lightning F.2 came the Lightning F.3; which was a major upgrade over all previous models of the Lightning. The most obvious external feature of the F.3 was a new, larger, squared-off tail; this was necessary to allow the F.3 to safely carry the new Red Top missile. The Red Top was a major improvement over the Firestreak, having improved range, a more destructive warhead, and a new seeker giving the missile limited all-aspect capability. Internally, the F.3 featured a more advanced AI.23B radar, new navigation equipment, and most significantly new Avon 301R engines.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The Avon 301s produced significantly more thrust than previous Avon engines with 12,600 lb of dry thrust and 16,300 lb of thrust each on full reheat. The Lightning F.3 entered RAF service in January 1964.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice" />

The F.3 was followed into service by the F.3A and the T.5 (a two-seat trainer variant of the F.3) in 1965. The F.3A was an interim version which designed to address the Lightning's limited range before the planned F.6 version was ready. The F.3A significantly increased the size of the ventral fuel tank, in addition it was fitted with a new wing featuring a kinked and cambered leading edge; this wing reduced subsonic drag leading to a 20% increase in cruising range. The new wing also improved the handling characteristics of the Lightning; it did however come at the cost of reducing supersonic acceleration.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" />

The final production model of Lightning to enter RAF service was the F.6. The Lightning F.6 had been intended to fix some of the shortfalls of the F.3; it included the enlarged ventral tank and new wing design of the F.3A, and returned the cannon armament with two 30 mm ADEN cannons mounted in the front of the ventral fuel tank. The F.6 also included support for a pair of over-wing fuel tanks, further improving the aircraft's range. The F.6 entered service in December 1965, serving alongside the F.3s; the superior range of the F.6 led to them being used for long-range interception missions, while the higher performance F.3 lent itself to being used for shorter range missions.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Although originally retaining the Avon 301 engines of the F.3 and F.3A, the F.6 would later be upgraded with Avon 302 engines; these engines provided better high altitude flight performance and reduced fuel consumption.<ref name="LightningF6ODM">Lightning F.Mk 6, Operating Data Manual</ref>

The improved range of the Lightning F.6 proved popular with the RAF and so it was decided to rebuild 31 of the Lightning F.2s stationed in Germany to near F.6 standard.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice" /> These aircraft were known as F.2As and began entering service in 1968, they featured the enlarged ventral tank and new wings of the F.6, but retained the less powerful Avon 211 engines as well as the 30 mm cannons mounted in their original location above the intake.<ref name="LightningF2AAircrewManual">Lightning F Mk 2A, Aircrew Manual</ref> As the F.2A also lacked the updated avionics of later models it was incapable of carrying Red Top missiles, instead carrying either Firestreaks or a gun pack containing two additional ADEN cannons.<ref name="LightningF2AAircrewManual" /> The F.2A was well-liked by its pilots, the fitment of ADEN cannons above the intake allowed the entire ventral tank to be filled with fuel (instead of partly being taken up by cannons); coupled with less fuel-hungry engines this gave it the best endurance of any Lightning variant. The F.2A spent most of its service life carrying out low-level interceptions missions in Germany, where the increased endurance was greatly appreciated.<ref name="LightningBoys">Pike 2011</ref>

The English Electric Lightning was the RAF's primary front-line interceptor from its introduction in 1959 up until the mid-1970s when it began to be replaced by the Phantom FGR.2. Even so, the Lightning would continue to serve in the interceptor role with the RAF until 1988, leaving RAF service less than two years before the first Phantoms began to be retired from service. Although the Lightning was primary used to intercept Soviet bombers entering UK airspace it was also stationed outside of the UK, most notably in Germany; the Lightning did also see service at RAF Tengah in Singapore and RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus.<ref name="LightningBoys" /> Despite serving in the RAF for 29 years the Lightning never once shot down a hostile aircraft. Officially the only aircraft ever shot down by a Lightning was a pilotless Harrier; the pilot had ejected however the Harrier kept flying, it was decided to shoot it down rather than risk it entering Soviet territory.

===Export Service===
As well as RAF service, the Lightning did also see some export service with the Kuwait Air Force and Royal Saudi Air Force. The first Lightnings delivered to the Royal Saudi Air Force arrived in 1966; they came in the form of five Lightning F.52s and two T.54s. These aircraft were simply ex-RAF Lightning F.2s and T.4s.<ref name="DerryLightning">Derry 2016</ref> Through 1968 - 1969 the Royal Saudi Air Force took delivery of more advanced Lightning F.53s and T.55s; the Kuwait Air Force would also receive its F.53s and T.55s in the same time span.<ref name="DerryLightning" />

The Lightning F.53 was effectively a Lightning F.6 upgraded to become a multi-role fighter. The most notable change was the addition of underwing hardpoints capable of carrying 1,000 lb bombs and SNEB rocket pods. In addition, the 2" rocket pack from the Lightning F.1 was returned to carry air-to-air or air-to-ground rockets, and a new photo-reconnaissance pack was made available, in addition to the Firestreak and Red Top weapon packs.<ref name="LightningF53PilotsNotes">Lightning F Mk. 53, Pilots Notes</ref> Various improvements were proposed for the F.53 including adapters to allow two bombs or rocket pods to be fitted to each underwing pylon, and dual rocket pods to be carried on the over-wing pylons (originally used for the fuel tanks on the F.6). While the dual underwing adapter would be approved for use on Saudi Lightnings the over-wing rocket pods never made it past mock-up stage.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The T.55 was a T.5 upgraded to better reflect the Lightning F.53; it received the enlarged ventral tank and new wings of the Lightning F.6 and F.53.<ref name="DerryLightning" />

===Lightning F.6 compared to other variants===
With the Lightning F.6 being the ultimate version of the Lightning in RAF service some may find it surprising to hear that it lags behind most other Lightning models in terms of raw flight performance. With the F.6 it had chosen to sacrifice the raw performance of previous Lightnings in order to improve the aircraft's range and return the cannon armament. As an example, a Lightning F.1 could accelerate from stationary to 450 kts (833 km/h) within 36 seconds of brake release; while an F.6 would take 42 seconds to achieve the same.<ref name="LightningF1ODM">Lightning F.Mks 1,1A,2 &T.MK.4, Operating Data Manual</ref><ref name="LightningF6ODM" /> Likewise, from brake release to 36,000 ft would take 2 minutes 18 seconds in a Lightning F.1; while a Lightning F.6 would take 2 minutes 42 seconds.<ref name="LightningF1ODM" /><ref name="LightningF6ODM" /> By far the best performing Lightning variant was the F.3; it mated the much more powerful engines of the F.6 with the significantly lighter airframe of earlier Lightnings.

=== [[wt:en/news/6615-development-lightning-f-6-saddled-to-a-skyrocket-en|Devblog]] ===
Development of the Lightning began in 1947, after the Ministry of Supply issued a requirement for the development of an experimental supersonic aircraft, in order to gain insights on supersonic flight and aircraft design. By 1949 however, the requirements were changed to incorporate fighter levels of manoeuvrability, thus kicking off the development process which would eventually result in the Lightning.

While the first prototypes of the Lightning (P.1A) were designed to reach speeds of around Mach 1.5, in 1952, the decision was made to further develop a second batch of prototypes (P.1B), capable of reaching speeds of Mach 2. In August 1954, the P.1A prototype first took to the skies for its maiden flight, while the P.1B conducted its first flight in April 1957 and as the first British aircraft, reached speeds of Mach 2 in November.

Following a successful test phase, the Lightning was ordered into production and subsequently entered service with the RAF in 1959. The aircraft served throughout the Cold War period - until 1988 - with many variants being created which improved the Lightning's performance further, most notably increasing its originally very limited range.

With the advent of far more capable aircraft in the late stages of the Cold War, the over 330 Lightnings built were phased out of service in the late 1980s. Apart from its service with the UK, the Lightning also served with the armed forces of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, the latter two being its only foreign operators.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=lightning_f6 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" caption="Lightning F.6 Devblog Images" heights="150px">
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|TJNmzteLOk8|'''The Shooting Range #223''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|CDl68kOR9ig|'''The Shooting Range #191''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:56 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


* [[Phantom FG. Mk1|Phantom FG.1]]
* [[Phantom FGR.2]]
* [[MiG-21MF (Germany)|MiG-21MF]]
* [[MiG-21SMT]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6615-development-lightning-f-6-saddled-to-a-skyrocket-en|[Devblog] Lightning F.6: Saddled to a Skyrocket!]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/479190-lightning-f6/ [Forums<nowiki>]</nowiki> Aircraft Data Sheets: Lightning F.6]

===References===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Bowman, M. (2009). Lightning Strikes Twice: The Story of the English Electric Lightning. Stroud: Amberley Publishing.
* Burke, D. (2016). English Electric Lightning. Retrieved from [https://www.thunder-and-lightnings.co.uk/lightning/history.php Thunder and Lightnings]
* Chorlton, M. (2012). The Lightning story - from P.1 to F.6. Aeroplane Icons, pp. 6-16.
* Darling, K. (2008). English Electric / British Aircraft Corporation Lightning Mks 1-6. Lulu.com.
* Derry, M. (2016). English Electric Lightning. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Aviation.
* Lightning F Mk 2A, Aircrew Manual. (1968). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Lightning F Mk. 53, Pilots Notes. (1983). Warton Aerodrome, UK: British Aircraft Corporation Ltd.
* Lightning F.Mk 6, Operating Data Manual. (1977). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Lightning F.Mks 1,1A,2 &T.MK.4, Operating Data Manual. (1975). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Pike, R. (2011). The Lightning Boys. London: Grub Street.
* Pilot's Notes, Lightning F.Mk 1 & F.Mk 1A. (1962). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Ransom, S., & Fairclough, R. (1987). English Electric Aircraft and their Predecessors. London: Putnam.
* Roux, E. (2007). Turbofan and Turbojet Engines Database Handbook. Lulu.com.

{{AirManufacturer EEC}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}

Ordnance QF Tk. L1A2 (120 mm)

2023-03-14T21:29:24Z

U36317457: /* Description */ updates

Challenger 2E

2023-03-09T13:04:26Z

U36317457: completed the article

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_challenger_2e
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]].

The Challenger 2E is a return to tradition in the Challenger 2 Family, a far more conventional vehicle when compared to the [[Challenger 2 TES]] or the [[Black Night]]. Unlike the other versions of the Challenger 2, it was aimed at the export market, although it failed to receive any orders.

When compared to the other versions of the Challenger 2, it has a substantially more powerful engine, bringing it in-line with many of its international competitors.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Like all Challenger 2 tanks, the armour is exceptional. It is capable of defeating even the most powerful of APFSDS rounds when hull-down, and it can even withstand HEAT rounds to the sides. Nonetheless, it has a few weak spots, particularly the cannon breech and the lower glacis.

The armour profile of the Challenger 2E is practically identical to all other Challenger 2 tanks, so there should be no difficulty in adapting from its predecessors.

Furthermore, the Challenger 2E lacks any additional armour packages, and does not have access to an [[Active protection systems|active protection system]], leaving it marginally more vulnerable than all other Challenger 2 variants.

'''Armour type:''' 

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour
* Composite armour
* Structural steel
* Gun steel
* Rubber-fabric screens

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!'''Armour'''!!'''Front (Slope angle)'''!!'''Sides (Slope angle)'''!!'''Rear (Slope angle)'''!!'''Roof (Slope angle)'''
|-
|Hull
|38-50 mm (60-83°) Upper Glacis

70 mm (28°) Lower Glacis

60 mm (0-83°) Driver's Port
|25 mm (71°) Top

25 mm (0°) Middle

38 mm (14°) Bottom
|50 mm (29-65°)
|10-20 mm (79-90°)
|-
|Turret
|100 mm (50°) Turret Cheeks

30 mm (13-50°) Gun Mantlet
|10-20 mm (8-10°)
|20 mm (18°)
|10-38 mm (75-90°)
|-
|Cupola
|60 mm (0°)
|60 mm (0°)
|60 mm (0°)
|44 mm (90°)
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 

* There are two 50 mm RHA plates on the Turret Cheeks leading to a total of 100 mm.
* Negligible structural steel surrounds the hull.
* There is a 38 mm thick set of cast steel armour in the turrets crew compartment.

{| class="wikitable"
!'''Composite Armour'''
!'''Front (Slope angle)'''
!'''Sides (Slope angle)'''
|-
|Hull
|130 mm RHA + 200 mm NERA
|
|-
|Turret
|160 mm RHA + 400 mm NERA + 110 mm CHA
|80 mm RHA + 230 mm NERA
|}
'''Notes:'''

* RHA = rolled homogeneous armour
* CHA = cast homogeneous armour
* NERA = non-explosive reactive armour

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The Challenger 2E has improved mobility when compared to all other Challenger 2 variants. This is due to its superior MTU engine, which replaces the comparatively underpowered Perkins CV12-6A used on all other Challenger 2 tanks.

The MTU engine is about 20% more powerful than the Perkins CV12-6A.

The improved mobility of the Challenger 2E makes it comparable to most other top-tier MBTs, such as the [[Leopard 2A6]] or [[M1A2 SEP]].{{tankMobility|abMinHp=2,325|rbMinHp=1,327}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L30A1 (120 mm)}}

The Challenger 2E mounts the same cannon as all other Challenger 2 tanks in War Thunder. It performs adequately, although some other nations have more capable cannons on their top-tier MBTs. Unlike most MBT cannons at this battle rating, it is rifled. This is to accommodate the HESH ammunition that is highly regarded in British tank doctrine.

The L30A1 is incredibly accurate, although this isn't a unique characteristic for highly rated tanks. The range of ammunition it fires is likewise, good, but nothing special. This is especially damning considering the comparatively limited ammunition selection versus other nation's tanks; the Challenger 2E doesn't have access to HEATFS, HE-VT, or ATGM ammunition.

Where it really shines, however, is it's immense rate of fire. The Challenger 2E - like its predecessors - share the joint title of the fastest 120 mm non-autoloading cannon in War Thunder. The Challenger 2E has one of the fastest firing cannons of any top-tier tank, and can deal out damage at a near absurd rate. With an untrained crew, it has a reload time of 6.5 seconds, however this drops down to an astonishing 5 seconds with an aced crew, lending it a fire rate of 12 rounds per minute.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L30A1 (120 mm)|'''120 mm L30A1''']] || colspan="5" | '''Turret rotation speed (°/s)''' || colspan="4" | '''Reloading rate (seconds)'''
|-
! '''Mode''' !! '''Capacity''' !! '''Vertical''' !! '''Horizontal''' !! '''Stabilizer'''
! '''Stock''' !! '''Upgraded''' !! '''Full''' !! '''Expert''' !! '''Aced'''
! '''Stock''' !! '''Full''' !! '''Expert''' !! '''Aced'''
|-
! '''''Arcade'''''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane ||29.5||40.8||49.6||54.8||58.4|| rowspan="2" |6.50|| rowspan="2" |5.75|| rowspan="2" |5.30|| rowspan="2" |5.00
|-
! '''''Realistic'''''
|18.4||21.7||26.4||29.1||31.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:L30A1 (120 mm)/Ammunition|Shot L23A1, L34, Shell L31A7, L26, L27A1}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! '''Full ammo'''
!'''Ammo'''
'''Part'''
! '''1st rack empty'''
! '''2nd rack empty'''
! '''3rd rack empty'''
! '''4th rack empty'''
! '''5th rack empty'''
! '''6th rack empty'''
!'''7th'''
'''rack empty'''
!'''8th'''
'''rack empty'''
!'''9th'''
'''rack empty'''
!'''Visual'''
'''discrepancy'''
|-
|'''50'''
|''Projectiles''
''Propellants''
|48 ''(+2)''
45 ''(+5)''
|45 ''(+5)''
39 ''(+11)''
|43 ''(+7)''
31 ''(+19)''
|41 ''(+9)''
22 ''(+28)''
|34 ''(+16)''
14 ''(+36)''
|29 ''(+21)''
5 ''(+45)''
|5 ''(+45)''
1 ''(+49)''
|4 ''(+46)''
 
|1 ''(+49)''
 
|No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|L94A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The Challenger 2E has access to one 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun, and one 12.7 mm machine gun mounted on the roof. All other Challenger 2 tanks lack a high calibre machine gun, giving this tank increased lethality against enemy aircraft and light vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
|Pintle||1,000 (200)||650||-10°/+30°||±60°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L94A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L94A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
|Coaxial||4,000 (2,000)||600||-10°/+20°||±0°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
The Challenger 2E should be used in a near-identical fashion to the other Challenger 2 tanks.

That is to say:

* Remain at long-range
* Lock down enemy advances
* Stay hull-down
* Do not rush in, play patiently
* If advancing, stick with the team

Although, the Challenger 2E has substantially improved mobility, so it can be used more aggressively. Players are at liberty to decide how they control this tank far more than its other iterations. However, one must be aware of their positioning relative to the team. Stray too far ahead with that great engine power, and you risk over-extending and becoming isolated, only to be swarmed by enemy tanks.

Nonetheless, this is still ill-advised. The Challenger 2E has an advantage over most enemies at long-range. While the tank can be used aggressively, this throws away the advantage. While it doesn't put you at substantially increased risk, you are not as capable as you could be.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Very survivable armour profile
* Advanced fire-control system
** Modern [[Night Vision Devices|NVDs]]
* Adequate firepower
** Overwhelming rate of fire
* Competitive mobility

*

'''Cons:'''

* Large and vulnerable weak spots
* Minimal anti-air capabilities
* Lacks [[Active protection systems|APS]]

*

== History ==

The Challenger 2E was a private venture by [[wikipedia:Vickers_plc|Vickers plc]], aimed at the export market. The 2E was designed after the failure of the Challenger 2 to gain international sales, with only 38 being sold.

The Challenger 2E was marketed as being a high-end and capable tank that would outperform all competition, unlike the budget series of the [[Vickers MBT (Family)|Vickers family]]. The primary target for the 2E was the gulf nations, as well as several Mediterranean nations. Adjustments were made to the basic Challenger 2 to accommodate these potential markets, such as native integration of air filtration and air conditioning.

Additionally, space was freed up in the crew compartment to accommodate an internal toilet, one of the only tanks in history to do so.

Unfortunately for Vickers, the Challenger 2E was a failure, and did not attract any orders. This was one of many contributing factors that led Vickers plc to go under, eventually being folded into BAE Systems.

One reason for the failure of the Challenger 2E was the reluctance of the British government to sell the Challenger 2E to foreign countries, due to the immensely classified nature of its Chobham armour profile. Were relations to sour between Britain and the prospective buyer, or were the Challenger 2E to be captured by an enemy state, the exact armour profile of the Challenger 2 could be calculated - and perhaps even reverse engineered.

This was especially concerning given the sheer number of tanks using Chobham armour - not only d

Additionally, the Challenger 2E performed rather poorly in the 1998 Greek tank trials, irreparably damaging its reputation.

By 2005, the Challenger 2E project was entirely abandoned by BAE systems.

== Media ==

'''Skins'''

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_challenger_2e Skins and camouflages for the Challenger 2E from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
'''Other Challenger 2 tanks'''

* [[Challenger 2 (Family)]]
** [[Challenger 2]]
** [[Challenger 2 (2F)]]
** [[Challenger 2 TES]]
** [[Black Night]]

'''Analogues in other nations'''

* [[M1 Abrams (Family)]]
** [[M1A2 Abrams]]
** [[M1A2 SEP]]
* [[Leopard 2 (Family)]]
** [[Leopard 2A5]]
** [[Leopard 2A6]]
* [[Leclerc (Family)]]
** [[Leclerc]]
** [[Leclerc S2]]
** [[Leclerc SXXI]]

== External links ==

* [[wikipedia:Challenger_2|[Wikipedia] Challenger 2]]
* [[wt:en/news/8108-development-challenger-2e-hurry-up-sir-en|[Development] Challenger 2E - Hurry up, Sir!]]

{{Britain medium tanks}}

Harrier GR.7

2022-12-16T12:28:05Z

U36317457: Survivability & Armour // History // Specs & Economy

{{About
| about = premium British strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Harrier (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=harrier_gr7
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,116 || 1,110 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 30.4 || 30.9 || 70.8 || 70.8 || rowspan="2" | 550
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,133 || 1,125 || 29.6 || 30.0 || 111.1 || 89.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,137  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 829 || 556 || ~15 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 648 || < 950 || < 790 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Pegasus Mk.105 || 1
| colspan="3" | 6,057 kg || colspan="3" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 14m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 49m fuel
|-
| 1,710 kg || colspan="2" | Vectored-thrust low-bypass turbofan
| 7,113 kg || 7,467 kg || 8,173 kg || 9,230 kg || 9,577 kg || 14,567 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 14m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 49m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 9,198 kgf || 9,945 kgf
| 1.40 || 1.33 || 1.22 || 1.08 || 1.04 || 0.68
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 9,198 kgf (0 km/h) || 9,945 kgf (0 km/h)
| 1.40 || 1.33 || 1.22 || 1.08 || 1.04 || 0.68
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The Harrier GR.7 has no armour. Additionally, all critical components such as the engine, fuel tanks and pilot are located along the longitudinal axis of the fuselage. A hit in this location will be incredibly damaging, potentially starting multiple fires.

The fuel tanks are self-sealing, and the Harrier has access to an Engine Fire System (EFS) which can be used in the event of a fire to increase survivability.

Any substantial damage to the wings will cause the aircraft to potentially lose control, and the GR.7 is particularly susceptible to drag induced by structural damage.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}Generally, it is best to try and gain access to additional countermeasures and air-to-air missiles as soon as possible. This is particularly the case as 4x AIM-9L missiles and an astonishing 700 potential countermeasures can allow for practically infinite survivability against missiles and a sufficiently lethal offensive armament to deal with most enemy aircraft with a reasonable degree of lethality.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** Without offensive armament
** 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Mk.M2 (540 lb)|H.E. M.C. Mk.13 (1,000 lb)|CRV7 M247|SNEB type 23|ADEN 25 (25 mm)}}
{{main|Mk.13 (546 kg)|GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|GBU-24 Paveway III (2,000 lb)|AGM-65D|AIM-9L Sidewinder}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* 2 x 25 mm ADEN 25 cannons (100 rpg = 200 total)
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles + 640 x countermeasures
* 108 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 114 x CRV7 M247 rockets
* 2 x 540 lb Mk.M2 bombs (1,080 lb total)
* 5 x 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 bombs (5,000 lb total)
* 6 x 295 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (1,770 kg total)
* 4 x 546 kg Mk.13 bombs (2,184 kg total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 4 x AGM-65D missiles

==== Custom loadout options ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="4%" | 1 !! width="4%" | 2 !! width="4%" | 3 !! width="4%" | 4 !! width="4%" | 5 !! width="4%" | 6 !! width="4%" | 7 !! width="4%" | 8 !! width="4%" | 9 !! width="4%" | 10 !! width="4%" | 11
| rowspan="14" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! 25 mm ADEN 25 cannons (100 rpg)
| || || || || 1 || || 1 || || || ||
|-
! 540 lb Mk.M2 bombs
| 1 || || || || || || || || || || 1
|-
! 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 bombs
| || 1 || || 1 || || 1 || || 1 || || 1 ||
|-
! 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs
| 1* || 1* || || 1* || || || || 1* || || 1* || 1
|-
! 546 kg Mk.13 bombs
| || 1* || || 1* || || || || 1* || || 1* ||
|-
! 2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III bombs
| || || || 1* || || || || 1* || || ||
|-
! CRV7 M247 rockets
| 19 || 19 || || 19 || || || || 19 || || 19 || 19
|-
! SNEB type 23 rockets
| 18 || 18 || || 18 || || || || 18 || || 18 || 18
|-
! AGM-65D missiles
| || 1 || || 1 || || || || 1 || || 1 ||
|-
! AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
| 1† || || 1† || || || || || || 1† || || 1†
|-
! Countermeasures
| 160† || || 160† || || || || || || 160† || || 160†
|-
! TIALD
| || || || || || || 1* || || || ||
|-
| colspan="12" | Maximum permissible wing load: 1,900 kg Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,400 kg
|-
| colspan="13" | * The TIALD targeting pod must be carried when equipping guided bombs †AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles can be carried in conjunction with countermeasure pods on the same hardpoint
|}

== Usage in battles ==

'''As a fighter:'''

The Harrier is a subsonic fighter fighting against a mostly supersonic opposition. However, as a weapons platform, it has access to some features that make it able to compete:

You can carry up to 4 AIM-9L missiles that are all-aspect, have a maximum overload of 30 G, and a maximum launch range of 18 km. In realistic terms, that means that if you have an altitude advantage of 1-2 km over someone running away from you you are still able to lock them and fire at a distance of up to 5-6 km and the missile still has a good chance of reaching them. The AIM-9Ls have decent flare resistance if the enemy still has his afterburner on. However, you should avoid firing them in a frontal aspect as just a few flares will be able to decoy them.

You will receive access to 60 countermeasures with the first countermeasure modification and with the second you unlock the option to carry 160 countermeasures on each of the Sidewinder pylons, totalling 4 x 160 + 60 = 700 countermeasures. It is highly recommended to run them mixed (both flares and chaff). This allows you to use the periodic countermeasures dispense function when you are in situations where your situational awareness will be limited, to prevent a missile from hitting the plane.

You also receive an RWR, which is a useful tool for roughly finding the location of enemies and warning you when you are locked on radar.

At the beginning of the match, you can climb to the side along the same flight path as the rest of your team. Try keeping a speed of above 800 km/h while climbing to maybe 5,000 to 7,000 m altitude. However, this playstyle leaves you open to some BVR misses being fired by enemies like the F-14. If you pick up a warning on your RWR and see a semi-active or active radar-guided missile, you will want to fly perpendicularly to the source of the enemy radar whilst deploying chaff.

The general playstyle would be to wait for the proper opportunity to target vulnerable opponents. You are not the plane that will carry the match, you are a support aircraft. Almost all matches inevitably turn into a furball fight where enemies and allies will be located in a tight area. You can dive down from above on them and fire your AIM-9Ls on unsuspecting targets. Be careful not to fire your missiles when allies are very close to the enemy, as you can easily hit a teammate by mistake.

When surrounded by enemies, turn on the automatic countermeasure dispenser and focus on the enemies' positions and who you can target and to where you can disengage. Try to avoid turning with enemies as even with the VTOL controls you will probably be outmatched. A turnfight should be your last resort.

'''When in combined battles (ground realistic battles):'''

The Harrier GR.7 has an excellent selection of air-to-ground munitions available for use for ground attack which can be configured using the Weapon loadout customization menu.

'''TIALD'''
[[File:Harrier GR.7 TIALD Display.png|thumb|As seen in picture, TIALD shares similarities with the helicopter gunner sights.]]
The TIALD (Thermal Imaging Airborne Laser Designator) has access to thermal vision making target acquisition an easy task. While in use, it acts very similarly to helicopter gunner sights for modern helicopters, utilizing almost the exact same functions. Range is not displayed in the HUD as seen in helicopters. However, this is not a crucial aspect of accurate bombing as the range is fully dependent on the aircraft's attitude (altitude, speed, angle of attack, etc.). If the user is familiar with helicopter HUD, you will be familiar with the indicators to the left of the reticle.
[[File:TIALD info.png|left|thumb|TIALD indicators]]
These indicators signal the following: THR (throttle), IAS (indicated air speed), SPD (speed at sea level), ALT (altitude). These indicators will stay fixed to the sight regardless of the loadout. The lower indicators will vary according to the loadout carried at the time, in this case: GBU ([[GBU-24 Paveway III (2,000 lb)]] guided bombs) FLR (amount of flares remaining) and CHFF (amount of chaff remaining). The TIALD has a double functionality, not only working as the laser designator for GBUs but can work as an additional scouting tool for better situational awareness, both for air-to-ground and air-to-air. Functionalities of the TIALD will be explained further below.

Something to keep in mind is that while the TIALD pod can look backwards it cannot look directly downwards, this means that if you have the pod locked to a target and you fly directly over the target, the pod can lose its lock on the target when it hits the downwards limit. If you allow this to happen, it is likely the bomb will miss the target before you are able to get the targeting pod pointed at it again. In order to avoid this, you can fly slightly off to the side of your target (rather than passing straight over it) so that the pod can keep pointed at the target by swivelling sideways, rather than straight down like it would have to if you flew directly over it.

'''AGM-65D'''

The AGM-65D air-to-ground missile, when working in conjunction with the TIALD targeting pod, can be an effective combination for knocking out enemy tanks from far away. It is recommended to also bring a couple of AIM-9L missiles for self-defence against enemy fighters. As the AGM-65D utilises thermal imaging for guidance, you should have no problem spotting enemy vehicles in day or night battles.

To successfully use this weapon in ground battles, you will first need to stay well away from the battlefield and begin climbing in order to bring yourself above the view of enemy SPAA radar. Once an altitude of 5,000 - 6,000 m is reached, begin heading towards the battlefield while maintaining a shallow climb. Once you have positioned yourself near or over the battlefield, you can use your TIALD targeting pod to search for enemy vehicles and watch for friendly scout markers. After acquiring a lock on an enemy position, point the nose of the aircraft roughly in the direction of the enemy vehicle and then press your "fire air-to-ground missile" key once to activate the missile seeker and once more to fire the missile. As the AGM-65D is a fire-and-forget weapon, you do not need to maintain lock for the duration of the missile's flight and can immediately begin searching for new targets. It is advised to try to target enemy SPAA first as even though they cannot see you on radar (provided you are still far above them), they can still manually look up and try to find you once they notice you eliminating their teammates in the battle log.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* It has a very large count of countermeasures (700 if all four BOL rails are equipped)
* Even if only two BOL rails are equipped the amount of countermeasures is still very impressive at 380
* Can carry up to four very effective [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
* Dedicated missile pylons ensure you can always carry at least two AIM-9Ls without sacrificing any ground attack ordnance
* Has built-in target tracker and FLIR even without targeting pod
* Has pilot night vision
* ADEN 25 cannons have very high rate of fire and velocity
* Access to a very diverse range of ground attack ordnance including 610 lb, 1,200 lb and 2,000 lb laser-guided bombs and [[AGM-65D|AGM-65D Mavericks]]
* Can carry six laser-guided bombs at the same time
* TIALD pod (which has far better zoom and resolution than the missile seeker) can be used to lock [[AGM-65D|AGM-65Ds]] onto targets.
* It is very hard to rip the wings due to excessive speed or G overload, thanks to the very high G overload limit and the wing rip speed being above what the aircraft can typically achieve
* CR7V M247 rockets are very effective at destroying SPAAs from range due to very high speed and explosive mass being much better than SNEB rockets

'''Cons:'''

* The exceptional rate of fire and low ammo count of the gun pods gives you very limited trigger time before running out of ammo
* 25 mm belts have no tracer rounds, making it hard to learn the unique ballistics of the ADEN cannon
* No radar
* Subsonic
* Engine overheats if used at 100% or WEP - about 90-95% throttle is the most you can use for extended periods of time (depending on map temperature)
* Limited WEP time
* Lower top speed than first-generation Harriers

== History ==

The Hawker Siddeley Harrier was the first V/STOL fixed-wing jet aircraft to enter military service, and it was very successful not only domestically, but in the foreign market, with immense international interest in the project.

One such nation was the United States of America, who bought the rights to domestically manufacture and cooperate on the design of the aircraft. The contract was granted to McDonnell Douglas and British Aerospace (the conglomerate successor to Hawker Siddeley), and eventually developed a successor aircraft, the AV-8B Harrier II. This design proved extremely capable in US tests, and so the British Ministry of Defence sought to adopt an iteration of this redesign.

The contract defaulted on British Aerospace and McDonnell Douglas due to their extensive experience with the programme, and by 1990, it began to enter service with the Royal Air Force and the Fleet Air Arm.

Originally designated "'''GR.5'''", later upgrades led to designations "'''GR.7'''" (as seen in War Thunder) and "'''GR.9'''".

McDonnell Douglas was later merged into Boeing, and British Aerospace was merged with Marconi Electronic Systems to form BAE Systems, who continued to manufacture the Harrier II until it was retired from service in 2011 due to budget constraints. It saw service in the Gulf War, Operation Deliberate Force, Operation Allied Force, the Iraq War (2003-2011) and the War in Afghanistan (2001-).

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=harrier_gr7 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|viGPHQQScKo|'''The Shooting Range #322''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:27 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|-9BZqM1MqpM|'''Harrier GR.7 : A Basic Review''' - ''Tims Variety''}}

== See also ==


* [[Harrier GR.1]]
* [[Harrier GR.3]]
* [[AV-8A]]
* [[AV-8C]]
* [[A-7D]]
* [[A-7E]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7865-development-harrier-gr-7-next-gen-jump-jet-en|[Devblog] Harrier GR.7: Next Gen Jump Jet]]

{{AirManufacturer BAe}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}

L.D H.E. M.C. Mk.1 (1,000 lb)

2022-12-13T16:17:29Z

U36317457: partial completion of the article

== Description ==
[[File:WeaponImage {{PAGENAME}}.png|thumb|left|420px|The L.D H.E. M.C. Mk.1 bomb (scale is approximate)]]
{{Break}}
The L.D H.E. M.C. Mk.1 is a 1,000 lb (c. 500 kg) bomb from the United Kingdom. It is a British version of the American-made [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bomb]], with very similar performance. Its full name in British Ordnance Nomenclature is "Low Drag; High-Explosive; Medium Capacity; Mark 1; 1,000 lbs".

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|buccaneer_s1}}
* {{Specs-Link|buccaneer_s2}}
* {{Specs-Link|lightning_f53}}

== General info ==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |'''Ordnance Performance'''
|-
|'''Mass'''
|453.6 kg (1,000 lbs)
|-
|'''Explosive Mass'''
|201.8 kg
|-
|'''Explosive Type'''
|Torpex
|-
|'''TNT Equivalent'''
|322.88 kg
|-
|'''HE Max Penetration'''
|98 mm
|-
|'''Destruction Radius'''
|12 m
|-
|'''Fragment Dispersion Radius'''
|140 m
|}

=== Effective damage ===
This bomb is a conventional High Explosive bomb, with a particularly large explosive power, for a weapon of its mass. It has high penetration in terms of it's high-explosive power, though it should not be relied on as many armoured vehicles at higher tiers have more than enough armour to negate this effect. However, the extreme pressure-wave caused by the detonation of this munition is almost guaranteed to kill anything within its 12-metre destruction radius, and the large fragment dispersion radius of 140-metres can occasionally kill light, open air vehicles via overpressure.

=== Comparison with analogues ===
The L.D is very similar to older British 1,000 lb bombs like the M.C. Mk.I and G.P. Mk.I, performing identically, albeit with a substantially higher explosive yield. Despite its designation as "low drag", it has no discernible ballistic differences between its predecessors. When possible, the L.D should always be chosen over similar unguided 1,000 lb bombs not only due to its substantially increased explosive power, but also its reduced impact on aircraft performance.

The L.D is based on the American bomb [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|LDGP Mk 83]], though it has a substantially increased explosive yield due to a different explosive type (Torpex instead of Composition H6). However, the impact on aircraft performance is marginally worse when compared to the American munition, though it is more than made up for by the sheer explosive yield.

== Usage in battles ==
This bomb should be used as any other medium-high power weapon. It is perfectly suited to taking out enemy bases and airfields in Air battles, and is equally effective at bombarding enemy ground forces in Ground Realistic Battles. It is not suited for use in Ground Simulator Battles due to the vulnerability of aircraft that use it, as well as poor stability when doing evasive manoeuvres. Additionally, it should not be used to destroy aircraft carriers in uncoordinated aerial assault, as it does little damage to this enemy type, and you will have a high risk of being shot down.

A bomb-fuse of 1.5-2.5 seconds is advised to minimise the likelihood of self-destruction or damaging one's own aircraft.

It is ill-advised to use this ordnance with the Lightning F.53 unless aerial superiority is guaranteed and there isn't likely to be any advanced anti-air systems. This is due to the lack of a [[Ballistic Computer|ballistic computer]], and the significant impact on performance.

With the Blackburn Buccaneer S.1, it is best to use the L.D H.E. M.C. in Air Realistic battles due to its large capacity to neutralise enemy bases. In Ground Realistic Battles, however, it is up to user preference; both the 1,000 lb bombs and the AGM-12B Bullpups are perfectly capable at taking out ground targets, especially given the presence of a ballistics computer.

With the Blackburn Buccaneer S.2, it is best to carry 3x 1,000 lb L.D H.E. M.C. under each inner wing pylon, and carry an additional 4x 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 bombs in the bomb bay (L.D bombs do not fit). This gives the Buccaneer up to 10 independent bomb drops, allowing for immense damage in both ground and air realistic battles. At least one outer pylon should carry countermeasures as it is necessary to stave off enemy threats. AIM-9B missiles should be avoided due to limited utility.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Very large explosive yield for a 1,000 lb bomb
* Reduced impact on aircraft performance compared to analogues
* Objectively superior to most analogues in every aspect

*

'''Cons:'''

* No guidance system
* Underwhelming yield compared to 2,000 lb / 1,000 kg bombs commonly found among other nations

*

== History ==
The L.D H.E. M.C. Mk.1 (1,000 lbs) started out as an American development during the immediate post-war by Edward "Ed" Heinemann of the Douglas Aircraft Company. Its distinct shape was designated "Aero 1A" in US service, and entered trials with the United States Army Air Forces shortly after. It originally utilised Minol, a supplementary explosive used temporarily during WWII while TNT and RDX were in short supply, though when it entered service by the time of the Vietnam War, it was vastly superseded by Composition H6.

As part of NATO standardisation programmes throughout the latter half of the 20th century, the rights to use the American bomb were sold to NATO allies including the United Kingdom where they were domestically manufactured. The standard High Explosive compound used in British ordnance was Torpex, used since the second world war. It was an evolution of Tritanol, having a composition mixture of 42% RDX, 40% TNT and 18% powdered aluminium. This gave it vastly increased explosive performance compared to TNT or Tritanol alone, giving the British version of the 1,000 lb low-drag bomb a significant increase in explosive yield of about 18%.

The usage of the L.D H.E. M.C. Mk.1 continued as the standard unguided ordnance for the British Armed Forces in the 1,000lb/500kg air-drop category until it was phased out in April of 2019, in favour of smaller, precision ordnance such as Paveway munitions manufactured by Raytheon UK.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
Similar Bombs

* [[G.P. Mk.I (1,000 lb)]]
* [[M.C. Mk.I (1,000 lb)]]
* [[H.E. M.C. Mk.13 (1,000 lb)]]
* [[AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)]]
* [[AN-M65A1 Fin M129 (1,000 lb)]]
* [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)]]

== External links ==

* [[wikipedia:General-purpose_bomb|[Wikipedia] - General-Purpose Bomb]]

{{Bombs}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

G6

2022-06-18T12:36:47Z

U36317457: Detailing of the G6 Rhino. Data still needed for G6 Rhino armament (reload rate, turret traverse etc.,).

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_g6_spg
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Danger Zone"]].

Often referred to as the "G6 Rhino" or simply the "Rhino", it entered service and serial production with the South African Army in 1988. It was a self-propelled version of the G5 Howitzer series. It has been operated not only by the South African Army, but also Oman and the United Arab Emirates, a combined total of just over 100 exports. It has seen combat in the South African Border War as well as the ongoing Yemeni Civil War.

In War Thunder, it has situational utility as a support vehicle, specialising in long-range support by exploiting positional advantages earlier than other vehicles. The firepower of the G6 is exceptional, with one of the most potent high explosive rounds in War Thunder, capable of taking out almost any target in just a single hit. Despite having excellent speed, it performs quite poorly in the mobility department. It has low off-road speeds, extremely poor acceleration, and - like all wheeled vehicles - has a large turning circle which is further exasperated by the extreme size of the vehicle. This size makes it vulnerable to spotting and identification, so stealth is generally hard to pull off in this SPG. Compounding this issue, it has next-to-no armour to speak of, just barely protecting it against rifle calibre fire. High calibre machineguns, autocannons and artillery are consequentially extremely dangerous for this vehicle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour of the G6 is negligible. It is no thicker than 30mm, with the overwhelming majority of the vehicle being protected by 10-15mm of rolled homogenous armour (RHA). This only protects against rifle calibre machineguns. Autocannons and high calibre machineguns will tear the G6 apart. Despite this, APHE rounds fired by Soviet tanks may pass through doing minimal damage, due to a higher fuse threshold than that of the armour. Furthermore, the thin armour reduces spall from incoming solid-shot projectiles like APDS or AP rounds, which can lead to increased survivability when penetrated. The crew of 6 also means that it is difficult to whittle down the number of crew members, granting extra survivability. 8x 155mm smoke grenade launchers provide adequate cover in emergencies.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogenous armour (Hull, Turret)
* Bulletproof glass (Viewports)
* Structural steel (Miscellaneous)


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 20 mm ''Lower Front Plate'' @ 50°
10 mm ''Upper Front Plate, Driver Port'' @ 69° & 42° 15 mm ''Elsewhere,'' angle variable
| 8 mm ''Engine Cover,'' angle variable 15 mm'','' angle variable || 10 mm @ 0°
15 mm ''ammunition stowage'' @ 0°
| 15 mm @ 87-90°
|-
| Turret || 15 mm ''Turret face'' @ 31°-46° 10 mm ''Gun mantlet,'' angle variable || 15 mm ''turret''
10mm ''storage''
| 10-15mm ''rear'', angle variable || 15 mm @ 90°
|-
| Cupola || 15 mm @ 0° || 15 mm @ 0° || 15 mm @ 0° || 15 mm @ 0°
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 

* Wheels are 10mm thick
* Gun steel is 40mm thick
* Bulletproof glass is 50mm thick
* Floor armour is 15mm thick RHA

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

On paper, it would seem that the G6 would have excellent mobility, with a top speed exceeding 53 mph (86 km/h). However, this is somewhat deceiving as in reality the mobility of the G6 is very limited. It not only has very poor acceleration, but as a wheeled vehicle it severely lags behind with regards to off-road performance. Adding to this, its immense size and length means that it has a very large turning radius, and it has no neutral steering or ability to turn on the spot. It also lacks adequate breaking speed, taking a long period to come to a stop, and longer still to stabilise the primary armament.

In summary, the vehicle is fast off-road, however it lacks in off-road capability, acceleration, deceleration, responsiveness to input and turning area.

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|G6 L/45 (155 mm)}}

The primary - and only - armament of the G6 is the [[G6 L/45 (155 mm)|155 mm G6 L/45]]. It has exceptional explosive filler in both its M1 HE and M1 PF HE shells. Despite having low penetration at only 63 mm, it makes up for this with overpressure, allowing it to punch well above its weight. This allows it to kill any target in one hit, with very few exceptions. The primary armament is also able to fire smoke shells.

On the other hand, the reloading rate is abysmal, clocking in at a little under 20 seconds. This means that if a shot misses or fails to kill the enemy, it will most likely be the death of the G6. At only 5°, the depression angle of the primary armament is sorely lacking, especially if using in a hull-down position. Additionally, the G6 turret can only traverse ±40°, meaning it has a rather narrow cone of fire to the front of the vehicle, giving it a reduced effectiveness when attacked from the side or rear. The high recoil heavy barrel of the cannon relative to the rest of the SPG lends it poor weapon handling characteristics, taking a very long time for the weapon to stabilise.

The G6 also has a large first-stage ammunition stowage at 16 pieces, which is more than enough for this vehicle. It is therefore ill-advised to take more than 16 rounds into battle, since a large quantity of shells poses a risk to ammunition detonation, and 16 is more than enough given the low survivability of the vehicle, and low reload rate & high lethality of the weapon. Horizontal and vertical traverse is adequate, though nothing extraordinary. Commander optics are present, and can be an effective emergency alternative to the primary weapon optics.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[G6 L/45 (155 mm)|155 mm G6 L/45]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 41 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+75° || rowspan="2" | ±40° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 25.2 || 34.8 || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | 19.4 || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.0 || 20.1 || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M1 || HE || 63 || 63 || 63 || 63 || 63 || 63
|-
| M1 (PF) || HE-VT || 63 || 63 || 63 || 63 || 63 || 63
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="12" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Arming distance (m)
! rowspan="2" | Trigger radius (m)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (kg)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M1 || HE || 897 || 45.5 || 0 || 0.1 || N/A || N/A || 11.14 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M1 (PF) || HE-VT || 897 || 45.5 || 0 || 0 || 300 || 3 || 11.14 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| G6 Smoke || 897 || 45.7 || 25 || 5 || 30 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''41''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

It is ill advised to use the G6 in Arcade battles. At 136% visibility, it is extremely vulnerable to being spotted, and is an easy target for aircraft. While AB mitigates many of the aforementioned issues with weapon handling and mobility, the playstyle of quick and aggressive combat does not suit the G6.

In Realistic battles, it can perform better. It is best suited to being a long-range support vehicle, using mobility to reach far areas before enemy forces. It is then best to stay in position and hold common flank routes. Playing in a squad with a friend(s) is advised as the long reload rate means that players will often rush immediately after you fire, so it's best to have allies on comms to back you up in an emergency. In predominantly rural maps, it is best to stay at long range, and out of sight. In urban environments, staying with the bulk of your team is the best way to maximise survivability.

In Simulator battles, it is much the same as in Realistic. However, this time due to the more tactical and slow-paced nature of SB, you can take your time and plan out strategies to maximise effectiveness. Holding choke points and flank routes should be a priority, and staying at a range of at least 1 kilometre is best for ensuring long-term survival.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* High top speed
* Extremely powerful main armament
* Several crew lends additional survivability
* Ammo and charges separated reduces likelihood of ammunition detonation
* Long-range optics (up to 12x zoom
* Effective night vision devices (NVD)

*

'''Cons:'''

* Next-to-no armour
* Poor off-road handling characteristics
* Inadequate acceleration
* Limited horizontal guidance at 40° to either side
* Extreme size
* Encumbered handling of both weapon and vehicle

*

== History ==

=== Background ===
The G6 Rhino is a Self-Propelled Howitzer, designed and developed by the Lyttelton Engineering Works (now Denel Land Systems, a division of Denel) throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. An indigenous design of South Africa, it was intended to replace the WWII-era Sexton of Canadian origin. The development of an indigenous design as opposed to the purchase of foreign arms is often attributed to the arms embargo (UNSC Resolution 418) on South Africa, passed unanimously by all major world powers - a response to the ongoing apartheid system of racial segregation, as well as escalation of the South African Border War with nearby countries.

=== Development ===
Development commenced in the late 1970s, and the first prototype was completed in 1981, with four additional field-test models being used by the mid-1980s. The G5 howitzer was chosen due to its preestablished presence within the South African armed forces. This meant that backwards compatibility allowed for the interchangeable use of spare parts and ammunition, as well as no radical changes to already existing manufacturing plants. The turret, as well as the G5 howitzer were manufactured by Denel Land Systems, and OMC manufactured the chassis. OMC - Olifant Manufacturing Co, was also responsible for the design, development and manufacturing of the Olifant (represented in War Thunder as the [[Olifant Mk.1A|Mk.1A]] & [[Olifant Mk.2|Mk.2]]) MBT, which was a modified British [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]] tank.

The choice of a wheeled vehicle was intended to increase mine-survivability, reduce fuel consumption, allow for faster deployment times, and reduced wear-and-tear on the roads.

Two countries license-built their own versions of the G6. Chile briefly built it under the designation "CC-SP-45", though the Chilean Army promptly ceased development due to a shift in Augusto Pinochet's foreign policy. Iraq procured the rights to license build the G6 under the name "Al-Manjoon" with the assistance of Canadian artillery engineer Gerald Bull. Bull later went on to design the Al-Fao which is currently regarded as one of the most powerful artillery pieces, and is assumed to be a development of the G6 - be it directly or indirectly.

=== Combat History ===
To test its effectiveness in combat, a trial by fire was conducted in 1987, when all four field-test models were deployed in the South African Border War. One vehicle broke down en-route, so the other three saw action in Operation Hooper as part of an independent battery. It was critical in the South African success at the Battle of Cuito Cuanvale, where it bombarded an Angolan airfield, and four Angolan [[MiG-21 (Family)|MiG-21s]] were destroyed on take-off. It was clearly demonstrated in this conflict that the G6 was a more than capable medium range SPH system, with future trials showing that it was an extremely accurate piece of artillery.

In 2015, a battery of G6 M1A3s under UAE operation was deployed in the Yemeni Civil War, and were used against militant Houthi positions.

=== Devblog ===
''The G6 Rhino is a wheeled self-propelled gun, developed by South Africa during the 1970s in an effort to modernize the outdated inventory of their artillery regiments at the time.''

In War Thunder, the G6 Rhino will be a new SPG reinforcing rank IV of the British ground forces tree with the release of the next major update. The G6 Rhino will offer its prospective commanders a devastating destructive potential, only found with such high-calibre artillery pieces, while combining it with signature superb mobility that South African combat vehicles are known and feared for by tankers in the game.

The centrepiece of attention with the G6 Rhino is most certainly its potent 155 mm G6 canon. Featuring excellent ballistic properties, even for a howitzer, gives commanders the ability to quickly and easily engage hostile targets, even at longer distances. Furthermore, the heavy high-explosive rounds (regular and remote fuse) ensure a good effect on target even if tankers miss critical components which may have led to complete destruction of the enemy. However, commanders should also be aware of some of the gun’s limitations, such as a rather lengthy reload time as well as the limited horizontal traverse to just 40° to either side of the vehicle’s horizontal axis.

However, while the G6 Rhino can bring a quick, yet untimely demise to many of its foes on the battlefield, it’s worth noting that the Rhino itself is quite susceptible to enemy fire due to its light protection. In fact, the G6 is only adequately protected to, at most, withstand direct hits from AP rounds fired from low-caliber automatic cannons. As a result, taking the G6 into the thick of the action is a risky tactic. Therefore, tankers are better advised to keep their distance to enemy units and utilize the Rhino’s excellent gun to deliver a devastating strike from a safe distance.

Yet, despite being safer to engage from a longer distance, aspiring Rhino commanders don’t necessarily need to take part in the fighting from the second lines.

Commanders may also utilize the vehicle's superb mobility - a signature feature of nearly all South African combat vehicles in the game - to position themselves on the flanks and surprise slower advancing enemy forces with precise and deadly high-caliber fire. This tactic doesn’t come without its own risks, but at least commanders might have the element of surprise on their side in this scenario compared to a full frontal brawl in densely packed urban environments.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

* [[FV4005]] - similar utility in War Thunder
* [[Type 75 SPH]] - Japanese SPH with similar characteristics

== External links ==

* https://warthunder.com/en/news/7694-development-g6-rhino-the-longhorn-en

{{Britain tank destroyers}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Fokker D.XXI (Sweden)

2022-01-09T03:42:17Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ simulator handling

{{Specs-Card
|code=fokker_d21_mod20
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=9855
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Fokker D.XXI is a fairly pleasurable aircraft to play. Its manoeuvrability is quite good, being able to outturn a lot of aircraft of this BR. Also, its climb rate is great for its BR. However, keep in mind that it it rather slow, and might not be able to keep up with other fighters.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 409 || 399 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.7 || 17.4 || 11.7 || 11.6 || rowspan="2" | 150
|-
! Upgraded
| 440 || 425 || 15.3 || 16.0 || 17.2 || 14.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 240 || ~15 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 320 || < 240 || < 500 || > 320
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* No armour
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (1 in front of pilot)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Oerlikon FF (20 mm)|FN-Browning M.36 No.3 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Oerlikon FF cannons, wing-mounted (60 rpg = 120 total)
* 2 x 7.7 mm FN-Browning M.36 No.3 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==


The {{PAGENAME}} is highly agile for its class. This allows it to comfortably defend itself against most opponents, that will often struggle to get a good shot. The downside to its maoeuvrability is its speed. The {{PAGENAME}} is quite primitive, with a lot of drag coming from both the landing gear and wing-mounted cannons. This makes the {{PAGENAME}} unable to run away from most opponents, as even some biplanes are capable of catching up. This doesn't mean the plane is weak however, as the engine provides well over 700 horsepower to this light machine, allowing it to climb high above most targets.

The strategy when using the {{PAGENAME}} should be to make the plane as light as possible, while using the engine to gain a height advantage. This can be achieved by taking the minimum amount of fuel, and putting the plane to a ~15° climb at take-off. This ensures that the plane will be the lightest aircraft at altitude, making any dogfight at height favorable, as most planes capable of reaching this height are much more cumbersome in comparison. Once the opponents up high have been cleared, the {{PAGENAME}} is able to make use of the altitude to boom & zoom opponents below with ease, as the plane can safely dive without damaging itself.

{{Notice|Pilots more comfortable with dogfighting can utilize the Landing flaps when stalling, to quickly flip back over. This allows for some advanced tactics against slower opponents.}}

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Powerful armament consisting of 2 x 20 mms and 2 x 7.7 mms, can easily start fires and shred biplanes
* Above average climb rate for its BR
* Only one fuel tank, so fires usually would not be started if the aircraft was tailed
* Great turn time (16 seconds in RB)
* Engine takes a while to overheat on WEP
* Does not rip or even compress at little over 600 km/h, allowing it to safely dive on its opponents
* Short take-off run
* Incredibly difficult to lose control; very stable aircraft to fly in simulator battles
* As a premium aircraft, has better SL and RP rewards than regular aircraft
* Fixed landing gear makes landings easier and more simplified

'''Cons:'''

* Rather slow for its BR
* Only has landing flaps
* 20 mm cannons technically only have 60 rounds (60 rounds per gun, but they fire at the same time)
* Cannons have a rather slow rate of fire
* Cannons easily overheat after a short time of continuous firing
* No armour

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/7045-development-fokker-d-xxi-the-flying-dutchman-en|Devblog]] ===
Development of what would become the Fokker D.XXI began in late 1934 with engineers at the Fokker company seeking to design a modern fighter aircraft, incorporating some of the latest aviation technologies. In 1935, the Dutch Air Force ordered the construction of a prototype which would be evaluated by its East Indies branch, as a result of the aircraft being seen as suitable for defending Dutch overseas assets.

Although its maiden flight in 1936 showed enough promise, the fate of the Fokker D.XXI was "hanging in the air" for a time due to a change in doctrine within the Dutch Air Force. As a result, Fokker began looking into promoting the aircraft on the export market, hoping to find foreign customers.

Fortunately, Fokker received interest from both Denmark and Finland to purchase a number of aircraft as well as rights to production. At the same time, domestic interest was also revived, resulting in the start of production in 1937.

Despite being a Dutch design, the Fokker D.XXI was predominantly produced and employed by Finland. Having built and operated around ⅔ of all D.XXIs, the Finnish Fokkers distinguished themselves during the Winter and Continuation War, although with less success in the latter due to their dated design. The Dutch Fokkers also put up a stiff resistance to the invading German forces in May 1940, shooting down a number of enemy aircraft, including several superior Messerschmitt Bf 109s. In the end, approximately 150 D.XXIs were built, serving up until 1949 with Finnish forces.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=fokker_d21_mod20 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Finnish Fokker D.XXI WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Finnish Fokker D.XXI WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Finnish Fokker D.XXI WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Finnish Fokker D.XXI WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Finnish Fokker D.XXI WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Finnish Fokker D.XXI WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


'''Similar Swedish aircraft'''

* [[Mörkö-Morane]]
* [[J11]]
* [[J20]]

'''Comparable aircraft'''

* [[Ki-27 otsu]]
* [[Yak-1]]
* [[I-16 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7045-development-fokker-d-xxi-the-flying-dutchman-en|[Devblog] Fokker D.XXI: The Flying Dutchman]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/518099-fokker-dxxi/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Fokker}}
{{Sweden fighters}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

April Fool's Day

2022-01-04T13:38:56Z

U36317457: spelling/grammar fix

Every year on the 1st April since 2013, War Thunder has held special one time only events. From Giant Japanese Snails and Flying Ponies to Russian Mechs and Inflatable tanks, players could be faced with absolutely anything on this day!

==Event==

::''April Fools' Day (sometimes called All Fools' Day) is celebrated every year on April 1 by playing practical jokes and spreading hoaxes. '' —excerpt from [[wikipedia:April_Fools%27_Day|Wikipedia]]

April Fool's Day is a day full of jokes, hoaxes, and other cruel teases that plays at the victim's willing to believe. Gaijin Entertainment decided to join that bandwagon of mischievous in 2013. Their events are introduced as an authentic and permanent addition of the game, with varying details to back up their statements such as elaborate pre-constructed tech trees or releasing events that conform to previously confirmed information. The reveal that the event is an April Fool's Event is either announced the next day or called out by sceptical people who are aware of what time of the year it is.

Gaijin Entertainment keeps the events around for at least a week before removing them from the game. Some are sometimes brought back for a short time under the form of a [[wt:en/news/6917-event-the-phantom-menace-en|mini-event]].

==Pranks pulled by Gaijin==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|-
! Year
! colspan="2" | ''April Fool's Day Event(s)''
|-
| '''2021'''
| [[File:TailSpin Wallpaper.jpg|300px|link=TailSpin]]<center>'''[[TailSpin]]'''</center>
| [[File:Warfare 2077 Wallpaper.jpg|300px|link=Warfare 2077]]<center>'''[[Warfare 2077]]'''</center>
|-
| '''2020'''
| [[File:Space Thunder Wallpaper.jpg|300px|link=Space Thunder]]<center>'''[[Space Thunder]]'''</center>
!
|-
| '''2019'''
| [[File:Earth Thunder Wallpaper.jpg|300px|link=Earth Thunder: We are not their playthings!]]<center>'''[[Earth Thunder: We are not their playthings!]]'''</center>
!
|-
| '''2018'''
| [[File:Silent Thunder Wallpaper.jpg|300px|link=Silent Thunder]]<center>'''[[Silent Thunder]]'''</center>
| [[File:Hats Off Wallpaper.png|300px|link=wt:en/news/5426-event-hats-off-to-you-en]]<center>'''[[wt:en/news/5426-event-hats-off-to-you-en|Hats off to You]]'''</center>
|-
| '''2017'''
| [[File:AprilFools Wallpaper Rank IX.jpeg|300px|link=Rank IX]]<center>'''[[Rank IX]]'''</center>
!
|-
| '''2016'''
| [[File:Events SailingFleetWallpaper.jpg|300px|link=Sailing fleet in War Thunder!]]<center>'''[[Sailing fleet in War Thunder!]]'''</center>
!
|-
| '''2015'''
| [[File:Events MarchToVictoryWallpaper.jpg|300px|link=March to Victory!]]<center>'''[[March to Victory!]]'''</center>
| [[File:Events UnrealisticBattlesWallpaper.jpg|300px|link=Unrealistic Battles]]<center>'''[[Unrealistic Battles]]'''</center>
|-
| '''2014'''
| [[File:GAIJILLA poster.png|300px|link=GAIJILLA]]<center>'''[[GAIJILLA]]'''</center>
!
|-
| '''2013'''
| [[File:Pony Beta Wallpaper.jpg|300px|link=Little Ponies in the Sky]]<center>'''[[Little Ponies in the Sky]]'''</center>
!
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[April_Fool%27s_Day-Wiki|Pranks pulled by War Thunder Wiki]]

[[Category:Events]]
[[Category:April fool's day]]

Jaguar GR.1A

2021-10-29T05:39:29Z

U36317457: pros and cons

{{Specs-Card
|code=jaguar_gr1a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ground Breaking"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | _____ || _
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| ___ kg || colspan="2" | ___
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ADEN Mk.4 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 2 x 30 mm ADEN Mk.4 cannons, belly-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
** 60 x countermeasures + 2 x 30 mm ADEN Mk.4 cannons (150 rpg = 300 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Mk.M1 (540 lb)|G.P. Mk.I (1,000 lb)|CRV7 M247|SNEB type 23}}
{{main|Mk.13 (546 kg)|AIM-9G Sidewinder}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles
* 76 x CRV7 M247 rockets
* 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 8 x 540 lb Mk.M1 bombs (4,320 lb total)
* 8 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 8 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 8 x 540 lb Mk.M1 bombs (4,320 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 76 x CRV7 M247 rockets
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 6 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 6 x 540 lb Mk.M1 bombs (3,240 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 38 x CRV7 M247 rockets + 6 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 38 x CRV7 M247 rockets + 6 x 540 lb Mk.M1 bombs (3,240 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles
* 76 x CRV7 M247 rockets
* 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 6 x 540 lb Mk.M1 bombs (3,240 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 6 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 6 x 540 lb Mk.M1 bombs (3,240 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 76 x CRV7 M247 rockets
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 4 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 4 x 540 lb Mk.M1 bombs (2,160 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 38 x CRV7 M247 rockets + 4 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 38 x CRV7 M247 rockets + 4 x 540 lb Mk.M1 bombs (2,160 lb total)
* 2 x 546 kg Mk.13 bombs (1,092 kg total)
* 2 x 546 kg Mk.13 bombs + 2 x 540 lb Mk.M1 bombs (2,172 lb total)
* 2 x 546 kg Mk.13 bombs + 2 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (3,092 lb total)
* 2 x 546 kg Mk.13 bombs + 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles (1,092 kg total)
* 2 x 546 kg Mk.13 bombs + 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 2 x 540 lb Mk.M1 bombs (2,172 lb total)
* 2 x 546 kg Mk.13 bombs + 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles + 2 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (3,092 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good speed
* Wide variety of ordnance
* Effective air-to-air missiles
* Access to laser guided bombs
* Excellent roll rate
* Decent turning circle
* Sufficient quantity of flares & chaff
* Good, nose-mounted autocannon armament

*

'''Cons:'''

* Limited air-to-air ordnance
* Rather lacking ammunition for the [[ADEN Mk.4 (30 mm)|30mm ADENs]].
* Underwhelming stock performance

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain jet aircraft}}

Jaguar GR.1A

2021-10-28T10:01:00Z

U36317457: Created page with "== Description == <!-- ''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In t..."

== Description ==

''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.''

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

'''Jets only:'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
'''(JETS ONLY)'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | _____ || _
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| ___ kg || colspan="2" | _____
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.''

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

[[Category:Design templates]]

Beaufighter Mk 21

2021-10-03T02:10:43Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ typo correction

{{About
| about = British strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Beaufighter (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=beaufighter_mk21
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. This variant of the Beaufighter represents a version which was manufactured in Australia by the Australian government's Department of Aircraft Production (DAP).

The Beaufighter Mk 21 plays very similarly to its predecessor, the Mk X. However the Mk 21 features heavily improved weapons, boosting its ground attack abilities significantly. As before, you are still able to fulfil the roles of a heavy fighter, torpedo bomber, and an attacker. Once again though, added weapon mass will make you slower, and less manoeuvrable, so remember that you cant turn like the Mk 6c. In the ground attack role, the available rockets, combined with the cannons make it very good at defeating convoys. This option also has the benefit of allowing you to largely sidestep the Mk 21's issues of poor top speed and a bad climb rate. When used for bomber hunting as a heavy fighter, you will quickly find the replacement of the Mk X's 7.7 mm machine guns with 12.7 mm machine guns to be of great benefit. The climb rate works heavily against you however, so only medium and low altitude bombers should be targeted. The torpedo bomber role, however, should still be avoided. The torpedo drop requirements are still very bad, making any run against an enemy ship a very risky move. Long story short, stick to medium and low altitude and attack any bombers or ground targets you get the chance to. You should also equip your ammo belts accordingly, to ensure maximum effectiveness. Lastly, try to get fighter cover. More than any other version of the Beaufighter, the Mk 21 will struggle with lighter, more nimble opponents. Stick to what this aircraft is good at, and you can greatly improve your teams chance at victory.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

As mentioned earlier, the flight characteristics of the airplane are very similar to its predecessor, the [[Beaufighter Mk X]]. Both fighters carry Bristol Hercules XVII engines, however, Mk X carries variant optimized for low-altitude performance, featuring 1581 hp engines that can carry the plane up to 4575 meters, while the Mk 21 features 1369 hp engines for the maximum altitude of 9382 meters. This, combined with the upgraded armament makes it far more suitable to engage enemy bombers, even though the climb rate is still rather unimpressive 14.6 m/s (AB, Upgraded).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 498 || 480 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 43.3 || 44.2 || 6.6 || 6.6 || rowspan="2" | 478
|-
! Upgraded
| 545 || 520 || 41.0 || 42.2 || 14.6 || 10.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 354 || 242 || 216 || ~7 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 330 || < 390 || < 410 || > 300
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 152 m || 3,640 hp || N/A
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,438 m || 3,200 hp || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 25 mm Steel - Armoured plate in the nose
* 25 mm Steel - Armoured plate in front of gunner (note that the gunner is facing backwards)
* 1 mm Steel - Armoured plates behind the engine
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (2 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, belly-mounted (283 rpg = 1,132 total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (600 rpg = 2,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|RP-3|18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 450 mm 18 inch Mark XII torpedo
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Vickers K (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun, dorsal turret (1,000 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The final Beaufighter in the research tree can be characterized primarily by its main armament. In its BR there's barely anything that comes close to the combination of 4 x 20mm cannons and 2 x 12.7 mm machine guns, especially considering the superior layout of the cannons, with all four clustered right under the cockpit, making precise aiming far easier. If there's anything to be desired - it's the Minengeschoß of the [[M3 (20 mm)|German counterpart]] for the 20 mm cannons. Beaufighter can swiftly tear apart enemy fighters and bombers alike, typically in a single sweep if aimed accurately. This makes it a potent fighter in a number of circumstances and giving it a fighting chance even if its an underdog in the encounter.

In the Arcade Battles, the most favorable encounters are against unsuspecting targets, and ideally, only such should be picked, preferably diving in and out of the main battle, or picking off strugglers nearby. Good survivability, combined with outstanding firepower allows it to quickly take the enemies down before they manage to react. What should be avoided at all costs are turn fights or prolonged chases. Mk 21 neither has speed nor a turning rate to stand a chance against anything but bombers or other heavy fighters. Similarly fighting against high-altitude fighters (such as [[Fw 190 A-4]]) might be extremely problematic due to their superior climb rate, which will give them the energy advantage, and through that - an opportunity to easily outfly you at any given time.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very heavily armed; has arguably the heaviest offensive firepower of any British aircraft
* Fairly rugged aircraft that can survive a fair share of damage
* Radial engines don't overheat easily
* Can carry rockets for the ground attack role
* Fuselage mounted cannons assist in accuracy
* Excellent at strafing ground targets
* Crew is surprisingly well armoured against attacks from behind

'''Cons:'''

* Astonishingly slow at all altitudes; will be outpaced even by the slowest of enemies
* Chronic lack of energy retention and climb rate
* Handles like a heavy bomber
* Large control surfaces are torn off easily by enemy fire
* Massive tail-gunner dead-zone
* Added weapon mass over predecessor, making flight performance the worst of all Beaufighters
* Cannons overheat quickly, even when upgraded
* Turret is very ineffective, given the small weapon calibre of 7.7 mm
* Torpedoes have notoriously bad drop requirements
* As with most British aircraft, the cockpits frontal armoured glass is thin, at only 38 mm
* All M2 Brownings are placed centre-wing away from the fuselage, requires setting close convergence of guns to be effective

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
A design rapidly born from the wings and tail of the earlier Beaufort, the Beaufighter was a two seat, twin engine heavy fighter designed for long range, ground strike and night fighter duties. Equipped with an early AI radar, the Beaufighter was one of the world's first successful night fighters.

In 1944, after Australia's aircraft manufacturing contract expired, the Australian Department of Aircraft Production was commissioned to build 500 aircraft based on the Beaufighter Mk X. The Australian version of the aircraft was named the Beaufighter Mk 21 and differed from its predecessor in its armament; the nose mounted 0.303 inch Browning machine guns were replaced with Browning M2 50 calibre guns now fitted in the wings, and the Hercules XVII engines were replaced with Hercules CVIIs. Only 365 of these aircraft were built, since the war ended before completion of the first order and the rest of the torpedo bombers' production was cancelled.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=australia&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=beaufighter_mk21 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|dYdJqnO5Cs4|'''The Shooting Range #9''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 06:20 discusses the Bristol Beaufighter.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:Bristol_Beaufighter|[Wikipedia] Bristol Beaufighter]]
* [https://www.baesystems.com/en/heritage/bristol-156-beaufighter <nowiki>[BAE Systems]</nowiki> Bristol Beaufighter]

{{AirManufacturer Bristol}}
{{Britain strike aircraft}}

Beaufighter Mk 21

2021-10-03T02:10:16Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ general culling and refinement of this section; further detailing & simplifying of pre-existing points

{{About
| about = British strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Beaufighter (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=beaufighter_mk21
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. This variant of the Beaufighter represents a version which was manufactured in Australia by the Australian government's Department of Aircraft Production (DAP).

The Beaufighter Mk 21 plays very similarly to its predecessor, the Mk X. However the Mk 21 features heavily improved weapons, boosting its ground attack abilities significantly. As before, you are still able to fulfil the roles of a heavy fighter, torpedo bomber, and an attacker. Once again though, added weapon mass will make you slower, and less manoeuvrable, so remember that you cant turn like the Mk 6c. In the ground attack role, the available rockets, combined with the cannons make it very good at defeating convoys. This option also has the benefit of allowing you to largely sidestep the Mk 21's issues of poor top speed and a bad climb rate. When used for bomber hunting as a heavy fighter, you will quickly find the replacement of the Mk X's 7.7 mm machine guns with 12.7 mm machine guns to be of great benefit. The climb rate works heavily against you however, so only medium and low altitude bombers should be targeted. The torpedo bomber role, however, should still be avoided. The torpedo drop requirements are still very bad, making any run against an enemy ship a very risky move. Long story short, stick to medium and low altitude and attack any bombers or ground targets you get the chance to. You should also equip your ammo belts accordingly, to ensure maximum effectiveness. Lastly, try to get fighter cover. More than any other version of the Beaufighter, the Mk 21 will struggle with lighter, more nimble opponents. Stick to what this aircraft is good at, and you can greatly improve your teams chance at victory.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

As mentioned earlier, the flight characteristics of the airplane are very similar to its predecessor, the [[Beaufighter Mk X]]. Both fighters carry Bristol Hercules XVII engines, however, Mk X carries variant optimized for low-altitude performance, featuring 1581 hp engines that can carry the plane up to 4575 meters, while the Mk 21 features 1369 hp engines for the maximum altitude of 9382 meters. This, combined with the upgraded armament makes it far more suitable to engage enemy bombers, even though the climb rate is still rather unimpressive 14.6 m/s (AB, Upgraded).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 498 || 480 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 43.3 || 44.2 || 6.6 || 6.6 || rowspan="2" | 478
|-
! Upgraded
| 545 || 520 || 41.0 || 42.2 || 14.6 || 10.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 354 || 242 || 216 || ~7 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 330 || < 390 || < 410 || > 300
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 152 m || 3,640 hp || N/A
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,438 m || 3,200 hp || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 25 mm Steel - Armoured plate in the nose
* 25 mm Steel - Armoured plate in front of gunner (note that the gunner is facing backwards)
* 1 mm Steel - Armoured plates behind the engine
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (2 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, belly-mounted (283 rpg = 1,132 total)
* 4 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (600 rpg = 2,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|RP-3|18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 450 mm 18 inch Mark XII torpedo
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Vickers K (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun, dorsal turret (1,000 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The final Beaufighter in the research tree can be characterized primarily by its main armament. In its BR there's barely anything that comes close to the combination of 4 x 20mm cannons and 2 x 12.7 mm machine guns, especially considering the superior layout of the cannons, with all four clustered right under the cockpit, making precise aiming far easier. If there's anything to be desired - it's the Minengeschoß of the [[M3 (20 mm)|German counterpart]] for the 20 mm cannons. Beaufighter can swiftly tear apart enemy fighters and bombers alike, typically in a single sweep if aimed accurately. This makes it a potent fighter in a number of circumstances and giving it a fighting chance even if its an underdog in the encounter.

In the Arcade Battles, the most favorable encounters are against unsuspecting targets, and ideally, only such should be picked, preferably diving in and out of the main battle, or picking off strugglers nearby. Good survivability, combined with outstanding firepower allows it to quickly take the enemies down before they manage to react. What should be avoided at all costs are turn fights or prolonged chases. Mk 21 neither has speed nor a turning rate to stand a chance against anything but bombers or other heavy fighters. Similarly fighting against high-altitude fighters (such as [[Fw 190 A-4]]) might be extremely problematic due to their superior climb rate, which will give them the energy advantage, and through that - an opportunity to easily outfly you at any given time.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very heavily armed; has arguably the heaviest offensive firepower of any British aircraft
* Fairly rugged aircraft that can survive a fair share of damage
* Radial engines don't overheat easily
* Can carry rockets for the ground attack role
* Fuselage mounted cannons assist in accuracy
* Excellent at strafing ground targets
* Crew is surprisingly well armoured against attacks from behind

'''Cons:'''

* Astonishingly low at all altitudes; will be outpaced even by the slowest of enemies
* Chronic lack of energy retention and climb rate
* Handles like a heavy bomber
* Large control surfaces are torn off easily by enemy fire
* Massive tail-gunner dead-zone
* Added weapon mass over predecessor, making flight performance the worst of all Beaufighters
* Cannons overheat quickly, even when upgraded
* Turret is very ineffective, given the small weapon calibre of 7.7 mm
* Torpedoes have notoriously bad drop requirements
* As with most British aircraft, the cockpits frontal armoured glass is thin, at only 38 mm
* All M2 Brownings are placed centre-wing away from the fuselage, requires setting close convergence of guns to be effective

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
A design rapidly born from the wings and tail of the earlier Beaufort, the Beaufighter was a two seat, twin engine heavy fighter designed for long range, ground strike and night fighter duties. Equipped with an early AI radar, the Beaufighter was one of the world's first successful night fighters.

In 1944, after Australia's aircraft manufacturing contract expired, the Australian Department of Aircraft Production was commissioned to build 500 aircraft based on the Beaufighter Mk X. The Australian version of the aircraft was named the Beaufighter Mk 21 and differed from its predecessor in its armament; the nose mounted 0.303 inch Browning machine guns were replaced with Browning M2 50 calibre guns now fitted in the wings, and the Hercules XVII engines were replaced with Hercules CVIIs. Only 365 of these aircraft were built, since the war ended before completion of the first order and the rest of the torpedo bombers' production was cancelled.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=australia&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=beaufighter_mk21 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|dYdJqnO5Cs4|'''The Shooting Range #9''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 06:20 discusses the Bristol Beaufighter.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[Wikipedia:Bristol_Beaufighter|[Wikipedia] Bristol Beaufighter]]
* [https://www.baesystems.com/en/heritage/bristol-156-beaufighter <nowiki>[BAE Systems]</nowiki> Bristol Beaufighter]

{{AirManufacturer Bristol}}
{{Britain strike aircraft}}

J35A

2021-10-01T18:17:13Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ changed a con due to reddit confusions

{{About
| about = Swedish jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other Draken
| link = J35D
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_j35a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=10409
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,141 || 2,084 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.9 || 26.9 || 139.2 || 127.6 || rowspan="2" | 900
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,357 || 2,250 || 24.1 || 25.0 || 194.4 || 165.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || X || X || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || N/A || ~13 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 700 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Svenska Flygmotor RM6B || 1
| colspan="2" | 7,605 kg || colspan="2" | 189 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 21m fuel
|-
| 1,400 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 8,124 kg || 9,232 kg || 9,335 kg || 13,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 21m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,696 kgf || 6,763 kgf
| 0.83 || 0.73 || 0.72 || 0.50
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,790 kgf (1,417 km/h) || 9,080 kgf (1,417 km/h)
| 1.12 || 0.98 || 0.97 || 0.67
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/55 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm Akan m/55 cannons, wing-mounted (100 rpg = 200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|RB24|m/56D}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 12 x m/56D rockets
* 4 x RB24 missiles
* 2 x RB24 missiles + 12 x m/56D rockets

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Superior manoeuvrability at all speeds
* Good energy retention at higher speeds (above 850 km/h)
* High top speed at low altitudes
* Good climb performance
* Low stall speed
* Deadly 30 mm cannons

'''Cons:'''

* Bleeds energy quickly at lower speeds (below 750 km/h)
* Relatively low maximum fuel load - Thirsty afterburner
* Wings will rip with roll and elevator input at transonic speeds
* Wide gun placement
* Only has dumbfire AP rockets for CAS
* Lacks countermeasures: no flares or RWR

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7304-development-perfect-interceptor-ja37c-jaktviggen-and-premium-j35a-draken-en|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> Perfect interceptor JA37C Jaktviggen and Premium J35A Draken]]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

Tank ammunition

2021-08-07T02:47:47Z

U36317457: I added Anti-Concrete as a tank ammunition type in the Anti-Emplacement section. Added a little detail to HESH, specifying its (rather limited) overpressure capabilities.

Throughout the past century of tank development, a large range of ammunition types have been produced and seen combat. As time progressed, technology improved and rounds also improved in terms of lethality, accuracy and ballistic performance. Despite this, most rounds can be categorised under one of two primary categories: '''kinetic''' rounds and '''chemical''' rounds; and further under a variety of subcategories.

== Kinetic energy shells ==
'''Kinetic rounds''' penetrate and deal damage based on a number of factors; shell type, projectile mass, round velocity and material hardness. Mass, shell type and hardness are constants, but velocity reduces with distance travelled and as such at longer ranges kinetic rounds will lose penetration ability and in some cases post-penetration efficacy. Most kinetic rounds can hit targets through lighter obstacles - trees, walls and some buildings. Under the right circumstances, solid kinetic rounds can penetrate multiple vehicles along their trajectory.

=== Solid Armour-Piercing Rounds ===
Solid AP rounds are a kinetic munition that utilise a hardened metal (often steel) shell with full-calibre diameter. The result is a simple, yet effective anti-tank round that will punch through armour with high equivalent thickness values, while retaining reasonable post-penetration effects which, when well-placed, can deal significant internal damage to components and crew directly within the shrapnelling path. The amount of spalling generated by a successful AP penetration depends on the shell mass and thickness of the penetrated armour and modules. Generally, solid AP does not stop until it has exhausted all of its force and is capable of passing through an entire vehicle if this energy is not fully expended.
==== Armour-Piercing (AP) ====
[[File:Icon rnd ap.png|left|frameless]] Armour-Piercing is a basic solid steel shot which is entirely reliant on kinetic energy to penetrate and deal damage. Providing the round possesses enough energy to penetrate any given armour, it will deal internal damage from steel fragments and spalling of the internal surfaces which can damage vehicle components, stored ammunition and crew members.

''AP is a standard early World War II ammunition for many nations. In War Thunder, AP rounds should be used as a general use anti-armour round, with careful round placement to maximise post-penetration damage. Some nations, such as the British, have modified versions of AP, usually denoted by a "HV" in the name, which is launched at a higher velocity than standard AP rounds, resulting in higher penetration potential.''

==== Armour-Piercing, Capped (APC) ====
[[File:Icon rnd apc.png|left|frameless]] APC rounds have a nose cone (or cap) of softer metal which is fixed to the front of the solid shot. When this strikes the target armour the shock of the impact is transferred away from the tip of the round to the neck, helping prevent shattering. Additionally, the cap will collapse on contact with armour and the deformation will cause the round to angle towards the armour, more efficiently directing energy into the armour and improving the angled performance of the round. A downside of the cap is a decrease in long-range accuracy due to the cap interfering with the shell's aerodynamics.
[[File:APC Normalization.gif|thumb|Display of shell normalization as an effect of a capped (APC) shell (clickable gif)]]

''APC is commonly found as a mid-tier shell for both the British and French on their mid-to-late WW2 vehicles. In War Thunder, APC is best used as a short-to-mid range round for combatting angled armour that regular AP rounds may not easily penetrate.''

==== Armour-Piercing, Ballistic Capped (APBC) ====
[[File:Icon rnd apbc.png|left|frameless]] APBC rounds utilise a ballistic cap, designed to improve aerodynamic performance and hence round performance at longer ranges. The cap usually utilises a soft or brittle metal which collapses on impact and does not aid penetration or angled performance.

''APBC is found on some early Russian vehicles, but is relatively uncommon otherwise compared to APCBC. In War Thunder, APBC is best used as a longer-range alternative to APC or APHE rounds which often exhibit less favourable ranged performance.''

==== Armour-Piercing, Capped, Ballistic Capped (APCBC) ====
[[File:Icon rnd apcbc.png|left|frameless]] APCBC rounds combine the standard cap and the ballistic cap, improving the round's aerodynamic and penetration performance. As such, APCBC rounds tend to exhibit the best 'all-round' characteristics of any conventional kinetic rounds.

''APCBC is found as a high-tier shell for British, French and American mid-to-late WW2 vehicles. In-game, APCBC should be the preferred option given a selection of full-calibre solid shot rounds, when available, and should be situationally switched for APHE rounds if they're available.''

=== HE-Filled Armour-Piercing Rounds ===
HE-Filled Armour-Piercing Rounds take the concept of armour-piercing rounds and add a deadly twist - a quantity of HE filler on a timed fuse, designed to explode after a successful penetration. While the concept sacrifices some structural integrity and thus penetrating power, the destructive ability of an APHE round is nearly unrivalled. The fuse only activates if the shell collides with a surface of reasonable thickness, mostly dictated by shell caliber - though there are exceptions with a slower or faster fuse. After the fuse activates, the contained explosive will be ignited after passing a specified distance, resulting in significantly increased internal damage to a target. Vehicles with rolled homogenous armour side skirts of reasonable thickness can detonate fast fuse APHE early, sometime avoiding internal damage entirely. Tanks with large or numerous modules directly behind weak spots (for example, front-mounted transmissions) can block the entire round from further penetration, or simply block the post-penetration effect from passing. Keep this in mind, and try to aim for locations that will allow detonation as centrally within the target as possible.

==== Armour-Piercing, High-Explosive (APHE) ====
[[File:Icon rnd aphe.png|left|frameless]] APHE rounds utilise a similar form to AP rounds, but incorporate a small chamber of high-explosive filler within the round. This often slightly reduces the round's mass and construction strength and as such APHE rounds tend to exhibit slightly worse penetration performance than their solid shot counterparts. However, upon successful penetration, APHE rounds often cause significantly more damage within a vehicle. APHE rounds have a fuse which will only activate on sufficiently thick armour.

''APHE is primarily found on Russian, German and Japanese vehicles earlier in the tech tree, and on a selection of earlier American vehicles. It should be prioritised for use when penetration is highly likely, or switched for AP or APCR if improved penetration is required.''

==== Armour-Piercing, High-Explosive, Ballistic Capped (APHEBC) ====
[[File:Icon rnd aphebc.png|left|frameless]] APHEBC rounds, similarly to APHE, utilise APBC concepts with the addition of high-explosive filler. Again, the rounds tend to exhibit slightly worse penetrative performance than their solid shot brethren, but significantly more post-penetration damage. APHEBC rounds have a fuse which will only activate on sufficiently thick armour.

''APHEBC is primarily found on Russian and Italian vehicles earlier in the tech tree as a mid-tier round, and on some American and German vehicles. It's ideally used against targets where angled performance is required and HE filler is preferable.''

==== Armour-Piercing, High-Explosive, Capped, Ballistic Capped (APHECBC) ====
[[File:Icon rnd aphecbc.png|left|frameless]] APHECBC rounds utilise standard APCBC designs with added explosive filler. APHECBC is often referred to as 'APCBC' in-game, and can be identified instead by the graphic or the explosive filler content on the round's stat card. As with other APHE rounds, APHECBC significantly improves the post-penetration lethality over that of a standard APCBC round. APHECBC rounds have a fuse which will only activate on sufficiently thick armour.

''APHECBC is found throughout the Russian tech tree as a high-tier round, and on some Japanese, American and German vehicles. APHECBC should be used preferentially and interchangeably with a high-penetration round where available.''

=== Sub-Calibre Armour-Piercing Rounds ===
Sub-Calibre AP rounds are, essentially, what they say on the label - the penetrator itself is of a smaller calibre than the gun barrel, using a 'sabot' to make up the calibre difference. How the sabot is handled is dependent on the type of round - it may be either discarding or non-discarding. Sub-calibre rounds sacrifice post-penetration effectiveness for high round velocities and high penetration values.

==== Armour-Piercing, Composite, Rigid (APCR) ====
[[File:Icon rnd apcr.png|left|frameless]] APCR rounds often use tungsten carbide or other extremely hard metals as a sub-calibre penetrator, wrapped within a softer full-calibre sabot - the APCR concept is essentially a predecessor to the APDS design. Upon impact, the soft shell will deform, allowing the hard metal penetrator contained within to penetrate the target's armour with force spread over a smaller surface area, resulting in significantly better penetration ability. APCR rounds often suffer due to their more concentrated post-penetration damage, as well as faster penetration drop-off over range than a standard AP round of the same calibre. Due to their design, APCR perform extremely poorly when fired upon angled armour, and will ricochet on much smaller angles than AP or APDS.

''APCR is found throughout most tech trees, most commonly available to vehicles from mid-WW2 through to early cold war vehicles. APCR rounds are best used against minimally angled armour, where other rounds will be unable to penetrate.''

==== Armour-Piercing, Discarding Sabot (APDS) ====
[[File:Icon rnd apds.png|left|frameless]] APDS rounds utilise a hard core as a sub-calibre penetrator, with a full calibre sabot. Unlike APCR rounds, APDS rounds discard their sabot after exiting the cannon barrel. The result is an extremely high-velocity round with particularly high penetration values and good ranged accuracy. Unlike APCR, APDS does not suffer when used against angled armour. APDS produces a minimal amount of post-penetration damage - this can be attributed to the shell degradation the thicker the armour it has to penetrate. The thicker the armour, the more it deteriorates and the less spalling it will cause. Once the round deteriorates far enough, it will shatter. This is especially apparent for small-calibre APDS, or when used against some extremely heavy vehicles. Due to this, careful aim is required when utilising APDS rounds to maximise their post-penetration effect.

''APDS is first made available on post-WW2 British vehicles, and is available to most vehicles in possession of an [[Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)|L7]]-derived cannon. In War Thunder, APDS is best used as a long-range round, with multiple shots often being a necessity due to the lack of post-penetration damage. APDS can be quite ineffective against lightly-armoured vehicles and the frontal armour of super heavy tanks.''

==== Armour-Piercing, Fin-Stabilised, Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) ====
[[File:Icon rnd apfsds.png|left|frameless]] APFSDS is the pinnacle of the kinetic anti-armour rounds. As with APDS, APFSDS utilises an extremely hard penetrator and a discarding sabot, however the penetrator is usually significantly longer than that of APDS and incorporates fins for improved long-range ballistics. The additional penetrator length improves the post-penetration damage effects. APFSDS rounds are the most powerful kinetic rounds available in-game.

''APFSDS is first made available to some late Rank V vehicles, and is rarely the primary round for most Rank VI or VII vehicles. Due to the extremely high velocity most APFSDS rounds are fired at, they are easy to aim and maintain their effective performance at even extreme ranges. APFSDS is quite ineffective against lightly-armoured vehicles and should be aimed at critical components to maximise their damage potential.''

== Chemical energy shells ==
'''Chemical energy shells''' deal damage based on a chemical reaction, and unlike kinetic shells, their ability to penetrate and deal damage are unaffected by the shell's velocity. This means that target distance often doesn't affect the round's effectiveness. However, this also means that enemy tanks spaced and composite armour can be much more effective at preventing the damage, depending on the shell type used. Many chemical shells utilise extremely sensitive fuses and will detonate upon touching anything, while almost none of them can be fired through solid obstacles. Many chemical rounds have a very low muzzle velocity, reducing their effective range but allowing the user to launch them over terrain.

=== High-Explosive Rounds ===
High-Explosive rounds are a simple shell packed full of a high-explosive material, primarily designed for anti-infantry and anti-emplacement applications. However, this translates surprisingly well when applied to light vehicles - significantly more so than armour-piercing rounds or in some cases even APHE rounds. Unfortunately, most HE-based rounds are relatively useless against well-armoured vehicles and force their user to target flaws in an enemy tank design.

==== High-Explosive (HE) ====
[[File:Icon rnd he.png|left|frameless]] High-Explosive rounds are primarily intended for use as an anti-infantry/anti-emplacement round. As such, HE rounds tend to have minimal armour-piercing capability and are better used against particularly lightly armoured vehicles, although on occasion it can prove effective against the sides of a vehicle. Particularly high-calibre HE rounds may cause enough area damage to destroy a tank regardless of the round placement.

''HE rounds are available to almost every vehicle in-game. However, low-calibre HE rounds are ineffective against all but the most lightly armoured targets, so this type of round should only be utilised by vehicles with large-calibre guns, such as the [[KV-2]] or [[Sturmpanzer II]].''

==== High-Explosive Time Fuse (HE-DF) ====
[[File:Icon rnd hevt.png|left|frameless]] HE-DF rounds use the simple concept of a timed fuse, resulting in an explosion at a pre-set range. While HE-DF rounds are no more effective than HE rounds against most heavy armour, they can be particularly effective against light vehicles with a known range or against aircraft (one of their original design uses).

''HE-DF rounds are available to a number of vehicles originally designed for anti-air purposes, such as the [[YaG-10 (29-K)]] and the [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]]. They're best used against aircraft by rangefinding the aircraft in question, setting the fuse range to a reasonable assumption based on the result and leading sensibly. They can be extremely effective against aircraft if used correctly, but are mostly ineffective against armoured vehicles.''

==== High-Explosive Variable Time Fuse [Self-Destroying] (HE-VT*) ====
[[File:Icon rnd he prx.png|left|frameless]] HE-VT rounds are an advanced round fitted with a specialised proximity fuse, designed to detonate the round upon reaching close proximity with a target. These are usually designed for anti-air applications, and are generally ineffective against most ground targets.

''HE-VT rounds are available to some later anti-air vehicles, such as the [[OTOMATIC]], or some light tanks, like the [[Begleitpanzer 57]], and are capable of destroying aircraft or helicopters if the round passes within close proximity of the target. They are extremely effective against mid-ranged aircraft but cannot be relied upon for use against armour.''

==== High-Explosive Grenade ====
[[File:Icon grn he.png|left|frameless]] HE Grenades are specialised HE rounds designed to be fired from cannons which may not be otherwise capable of firing high-calibre rounds. They usually operate in a different manner to conventional cannon rounds, utilising a propellant rather than a charge, resulting in a relatively low round velocity and sub-par ballistics. However, this design has proven useful, as the low velocity can be used to 'sling' rounds over small terrain deformations, onto weak roof armour, or into trenches or bunkers.

''HE Grenades are available to vehicles with 'recoilless' cannon designs or other non-standard cannon designs. They are generally as effective as an equivalent HE round, however have significantly lower muzzle velocity and as such are extremely inaccurate at long ranges. HE Grenades are found on various vehicles, such as the [[BMP-1]].''

==== Anti-Personnel Fragmentation Grenade (VOG) ====
[[File:VOG Icon.png|left|frameless|30x30px]]
Anti-Personnel Fragmentation Grenades are grenades intended for use against infantry; they use a lightweight explosive charge alongside a thin casing to produce a large lethal radius via shrapnel.

''At the time of writing, the [[BMP-2M]]'' ''is the only IFV to have an automatic grenade launcher.'' ''VOGs are useful as a substitute to pintle-mounted machine guns, able to destroy terrain elements like bushes, trees, and buildings.'' They are almost completely ineffective against tanks, lacking the required explosive filler and muzzle velocity.
==== Rocket ====
[[File:Icon spr rocket.png|left|frameless]] Rockets are unguided high-explosive self-propelled rounds which are often significantly higher calibre than standard tank cannons. They can be mounted as ancillary weaponry on some vehicles, or in some cases mounted on specialised rocket-carrier vehicles.

''Rockets can be unreliable and inaccurate, but due to their often large calibre, large amounts of HE filler, and ability to continuously launch them until the ammo rack is empty, they can prove effective against some armoured vehicles. Rockets are either mounted ancillary, as on the [[Calliope]] or the [[M26 T99]], or on rocket carriers such as the [[BM-13N]].''

=== Anti-Emplacement Rounds ===
Anti-Emplacement rounds are designed specifically for combatting emplacements, however have proven to have some anti-tank value. They rely on different mechanics to normal rounds*, but can prove particularly ineffective against heavy armour.

''*The Anti-Concrete round is fundamentally identical to APHE in War Thunder''

==== Shrapnel ====
[[File:Shrapnel Round Icon.png|left|frameless]] Shrapnel rounds are a chemical round utilising a thin shell and a chamber of metal fillings or ball bearings with a small explosive charge. Upon successful penetration, shrapnel rounds cause a significant amount of damage. However, due to the thin outer shell, shrapnel rounds only perform well against particularly light armour and are completely ineffective when used against even moderately armoured targets.

''Shrapnel rounds are available exclusively to early Russian vehicles. Shrapnel is exclusively useful against lightly armoured targets, and shouldn't be used against front-facing armour of any other tank.''

==== High-Explosive Squash Head (HESH) ====
[[File:Icon rnd hesh.png|left|frameless]] HESH rounds are designed as an anti-emplacement round. The 'squash head', usually comprised of some form of plastic explosive, is designed to squash onto a surface and detonate, causing the opposite side of the surface to rupture. If the given surface happens to be metal, this will often result in metal shards flying off the surface at high velocity. While in the past, HESH rounds have had improved performance on angled targets, their performance is now completely uniform at all ranges and angles. Recently due to the advent of "[[Damage mechanics#Overpressure|Overpressure]]", HESH has benefited an increase in performance and increased lethality, even when failing to .

''HESH rounds are available to most British vehicles from Rank V, and other vehicles in possession of an L7-derived gun. HESH should be primarily used against lighter armour or side armour, while specifically avoiding side skirts and any other forms of spaced armour, although occasionally the HE splash effect can cause unexpected results. HESH is completely ineffective against heavy armour or composite armour designs.''

==== Anti-Concrete (AC) ====
AC rounds are designed as an anti-emplacement round. Their intended role was almost identical to HESH. It works essentially identically to an APHE round, though it has an atypically high explosive mass in the shell capable of causing Overpressure and severe spalling.

''AC is only found on one vehicle, the [[KV-2 (1939)]] as the G-530. It effectively acts identically to an APHE round, very similarly to the PB-35 also found on the [[KV-2 (1939)]]. The'' ''AC round should primarily be used against heavier enemies like the [[Churchill I]] or the [[KV I C 756 (r) (Germany)]]. HE will suffice when facing enemies of 2.7-3.7 but beyond enemies of this battle rating'' AC ''or APHECBC'' ''should be used exclusively. It is always safer to take one or two AC rounds just in case you engage a tough enemy''. ''The Anti-Concrete round also has a higher muzzle velocity than the APHECBC'' ''so it is a better choice for engaging enemies at substantial ranges above 800 metres.''

=== High-Explosive Anti-Tank Rounds ===
High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) rounds make use of shaped charges to penetrate armour, forcing superplastic metal through into the crew compartment, damaging crew and modules. HEAT rounds prove particularly effective at long ranges, as their method of action does not lose effectiveness with range. Unfortunately though, the fuse on a HEAT round must be extremely sensitive, causing the rounds to detonate even on bushes and wooden fences that other chemical rounds of high calibre have a chance to pass through. All HEAT-derived rounds have concentrated post-penetration damage, similar to APDS, which travels in a tight cone from the impact point. This often works in favor of the shell when a direct hit is achieved, in some cases allowing it to burn through modules such as frontally-mounted transmissions, dealing further damage to the vehicle's internals. This same effect can prove troublesome when a round collides on a sub-par angle or after penetration there's simply nothing within its cone of effect.

==== High-Explosive, Anti-tank (HEAT) ====
[[File:Icon rnd heat.png|left|frameless]] HEAT rounds are designed specifically as an anti-tank round. They operate with a shaped charge that uses an explosive to force superplastic metal through a vehicle's armour, causing internal damage to crew and modules.

''HEAT rounds are available to a variety of WW2 German and Japanese vehicles, as well as higher-performance HEAT becoming available to some late French and American vehicles, as HEAT-FS rounds cannot be fired from rifled cannons. HEAT is limited in effectiveness and its usage should be carefully considered as many vehicles have armour it cannot penetrate. Due to its low velocity, HEAT often requires a high angle of attack and will arrive at a target on an angle - as such the often impressive 0° penetration statistics will often prove irrelevant, with angled penetration values being more accurate.''

==== High-Explosive, Anti-Tank, Fin-Stabilized (HEAT-FS) ====
[[File:Icon rnd heatfs.png|left|frameless]] HEAT-FS rounds are an improvement over the HEAT concept, using improved penetrative chemicals and utilising fins for improved ballistic performance. HEAT-FS rounds maintain their penetration values at all ranges, and are well-suited to long-range engagements. HEAT-FS rounds are particularly sensitive, and may detonate on light obstacles such as shrubs or fences.

''HEAT-FS rounds become available to many nations from Rank V, although notably the British do not receive HEAT-FS at any stage due to its incompatibility with rifled cannons. At late Rank VI and Rank VII, HEAT-FS may prove ineffective in many cases due to the prevalence of ERA and composite armour. Despite this, it can still be used for ranged engagements against light tanks and medium tanks with insufficient ERA or composite protection, as particularly late HEAT-FS rounds have extremely high penetration power. High-calibre HEAT-FS rounds will cripple light tanks, while APFSDS is not as effective at it.''

==== High-Explosive, Anti-Tank, Fin-Stabilised, Proximity Fuse [Self-Destroying] (HEAT-FS VT*) ====
[[File:Icon rnd heatfs.png|left|frameless]]HEAT-FS VT rounds are specialised HEAT-FS rounds which utilise a proximity fuse to detonate when in close proximity to a target. They can be used to destroy low-flying aircraft or helicopters, while maintaining their effectiveness against ground vehicles utilising normal HEAT-FS technology.

''HEAT-FS VT rounds are extremely specialised. As of Update 1.93, they are available to only the [[M1A2 Abrams]] and have an identical icon to the standard HEAT-FS. They combine the anti-armour power of a standard HEAT-FS round with the anti-aircraft effectiveness of a HE-VT round. Their proximity fuse will detonate only above a specified altitude, so they can be used normally against other armoured vehicles.''

==== High-Explosive, Anti-Tank Grenade ====
[[File:Icon grn heat.png|left|frameless]] HEAT Grenades are specialised HEAT rounds, designed for use where normal tank rounds may not be possible to utilise. They often use a propellant rather than a standard charge, and as such suffer from low velocity and sub-par round ballistics. Despite this, they can prove effective against tanks due to their HEAT technology.

''HEAT Grenades are available to vehicles with 'recoilless' cannons or other non-standard cannon designs. Their effectiveness is similar to that of an equivalent HEAT round, however due to their low muzzle velocity they can be inaccurate at long ranges. HEAT Grenades are found on various light vehicles, such as the [[BMP-1]], [[FIAT 6614]] and [[Type 60 SPRG (C)]].''

=== Guided Missiles ===
Guided missiles utilise a guidance system (of various types, such as MCLOS, SACLOS, Radar, Heat-Seeking) to accomplish their intended role. They sacrifice round velocity for long-range precision. Different missile types are effective in different applications - some have anti-tank properties, while others are effective against air targets.

==== Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) ====
{{main|Anti-tank guided missiles}}
[[File:Icon spr atgm.png|left|frameless]] ATGMs largely utilise the same concept as HEAT, however they integrate some form of propulsion and are usually guideable, either manually (MCLOS) or semi-automatically (SACLOS). ATGMs usually pack a large amount of explosive and often have particularly powerful shaped charges. However, they require specialised equipment to fire and tend to be heavy, often resulting in long reload times, especially for hybrid vehicles.

''ATGMs become available through Rank V, and are primarily carried by specialised ATGM carriers, although some tanks have ATGM-capable main cannons and some exceptional designs such as the [[Strv 81 (Rb.52)]] or the [[AMX-13 (HOT)]] mount ATGMs on ancillary pylons. ATGMs are powerful and SACLOS guided missiles are easily aimed, however they travel slowly and well-aware targets may be able to move into cover prior to the ATGM reaching them.''

==== Anti-Tank Guided Missile, Proximity Fuse [Self-Destroying] (ATGM-VT*) ====
[[File:Icon spr atgm prx.png|left|frameless]] Proximity ATGMs utilise proximity fuses to detonate when in close proximity to aircraft. This, combined with their guidance systems (SACLOS) allows them to be used effectively against low-flying aircraft or helicopters.

''Proximity Fuse ATGMs can prove extremely effective against low-flying aircraft or helicopters, and utilise a similar proximity fuse concept to SAM missiles - although often ATGMs pack significantly more HE filler than SAMs do. ATGM-VT missiles are available to specialised ATGM carriers such as the [[Shturm-S]].''

==== Anti-Tank Guided Missile, Tandem Charge (ATGM Tandem) ====
[[File:Icon spr atgm tandem.png|left|frameless]] Tandem ATGMs utilise a twin-stage warhead to overcome ERA - the first stage causes the ERA to detonate, while the second stage penetrates the armour below as normal. This concept does not work against NERA or composite armour.

''Tandem ATGMs are effective against ERA-protected vehicles, and often have very high penetration values. Tandem charge ATGMs are available to high-rank Soviet or Russian ATGM carriers such as the [[Shturm-S]] and [[BMP-3]].''

==== Anti-Tank Guided Missile, HE (ATGM-HE) ====
[[File:Icon spr atgm he.png|left|frameless]] HE ATGMs are a simplification of a standard ATGM; rather than a shaped HEAT charge, HE missiles simply utilise a large quantity of explosive to damage or destroy emplacements or light vehicles or other ATGM tanks.

''HE ATGMs are only effective against light vehicles and missile carriers in most cases, despite packing large quantities of HE filler. They are available to specialised ATGM carriers such as the [[Shturm-S]].''

==== Surface to Air Missile (SAM) ====
[[File:Icon spr sam.png|left|frameless]] SAMs are high-velocity anti-air missiles, designed specifically to combat aircraft using a variety of technologies; often including proximity fuses and radar or heat-seeking guidance.

''SAMs are very effective at long distances against aircraft, particularly helicopters. They are often extremely high velocity and pack a large amount of HE filler for a powerful airburst effect. SAMs are available to specialised anti-air vehicles such as the [[ZPRK 2S6|2S6 Tunguska]] or the [[ADATS]], which, notably, has multi-purpose missiles that are also effective against armoured vehicles. Most SAMs pack less HE filler than an HE ATGM and are only reliably effective against lightly armoured ground vehicles.''

=== Utility Rounds ===
Utility rounds are ineffective for use against other vehicles, but provide value in some sort of utility.

==== Smoke ====
{{main|Smoke screen|l1=Smoke}}
[[File:Icon rnd smoke.png|left|frameless]] Smoke shells are not designed as a damaging shell, and largely consist of chemicals designed to create a smoke screen. The produced smoke has a limited lifetime.

''Smoke shells are available to various vehicles throughout most tech trees, however their effectiveness is somewhat limited compared to dedicated smoke launchers. The main advantage of smoke shells is that unlike ESS or hull-mounted smoke canisters, they can be launched anywhere the equipped vehicle can aim, allowing for strategic placement for pushes or flanking maneuvers, or simply firing at an enemy vehicle to force them to move from their position.''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|srKv5v9zoGA|'''The Shooting Range #216''' - ''Special'' section at 08:28 discusses Volumetric rounds.|CZqzMhbnvO4|'''Tank Shells Guide''' - War Thunder Official Channel|Qyr_aw3YTe8|'''The Shooting Range #2''' - ''Science of War'' section at 05:11 discusses HESH rounds.|6O3MBjdSsIk|'''Tank Shells Guide - War Thunder ammo types explained''' - ''HowToPlay1337''|ajeqij4_jwM|'''Ammo Types in War Thunder EXPLAINED''' - ''skDoger''|_xCgMBOiA8U|'''High-explosive power''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|lK9Ck3P6AvM|'''Top 7 best rounds''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|fCc_B-wm0wA|'''Post-War Heat Shells''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* [[Ammo racks]] - How all tank ammunition is stored within the tank

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7084-development-new-features-upcoming-with-the-ixwa-strike-update-en|[Devblog] New features upcoming with the "Ixwa Strike" update - Shell impact animations]]
* [[wt:en/news/6856-development-volumetric-shells-in-the-raining-fire-update-en|[Devblog] Volumetric shells in the "Raining Fire" update]]

[[Category:Ammunition]]

File:Icon rnd ac.png

2021-08-06T16:43:59Z

U36317457:

Icon for the Anti-Concrete round found on the KV-2 (1939)

Spitfire F Mk 22

2021-07-29T05:24:26Z

U36317457: /* See also */

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_f22
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.39]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,232 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 706 || 685 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.4 || 20.2 || 18.5 || 18.5 || rowspan="2" | 420
|-
! Upgraded
| 788 || 740 || 17.3 || 18.2 || 31.5 || 23.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 482 || < 400 || < 400 || > 500
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 42.8 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 4 mm Steel - Armoured pilot seat
* 4 mm Steel - Armour plate behind the pilot seat
* 7 mm Steel - Armour plate behind the pilot seat
* 3 mm Steel - Armoured boxes around the wing ammunition (each wing)
* 12.7 mm Steel - Armoured plate between fuel tanks.
* 6 mm Steel - Armoured plate in front of the liquid cooling system.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Suggested research order:

# Fuselage Repair
# Radiator
# Compressor
# Airframe
# Offensive 20 mm
# Engine
# Wings Repair
# Fuel Injection
# Cover (many of the upgrades are crucial to boosting the aircraft's speed and climb rate)

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (150 rpg outer + 175 rpg inner = 650 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 3 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (750 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bomb + 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 3 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 6 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:FighterImage_Spitfire_F_Mk_24.jpg|thumbnail|right|The new wing shape and larger control surfaces of the 22/24 series are a distinctive feature of the aircraft.]]
The Spitfire F Mk 22 an excellent plane in Realistic battles with relatively few weaknesses, so the enemy will have a really hard time shaking the Spitfire off of its tail and only few will succeed.

It is very important to avoid hard turning above 500 km/h IAS, because the plane may lose its wing.

The main task for a pilot is to utilize the great climb rate (altitude allows you to control engagements). Target altitude should usually be around 5-6 km on smaller maps and 6-7 km on larger maps such as Norway and Spain. The main form of attack (especially when there are more fighters around the target) is Boom & Zoom. Energy fighting is an option too, if in a 1 vs 1 situation. The Griffon Spitfire is an excellent energy fighter, the namesake Griffon engine provides a tremendous amount of horsepower which can be used instead of energy retention (-> Boom & Zoom). Remember to maintain speed, altitude advantage, and judge the enemies' energy states.

When fighting propeller aircraft, you should use your superior engine power and flight characteristics to your advantage. Heavy fighters, strike aircraft and light bombers should be a walk in the park, you hold every advantage. Fighters and Heavy Bombers require more strategy. Fighters should be engaged based on their individual strengths and weaknesses. You hold most of the advantages though, so it should not be too much of a problem. Maintain altitude and energy and get your guns on target. Do not commit to head-on attacks and do not burn all your energy in a turn-fight with a Bf-109 or a Japanese fighter, this Spitfire handles differently to the previous ones in the series. Heavy bombers are best left to heavy fighters like the [[F-82E]] twin-mustang or the de Havilland Hornet due to their more potent, nose-mounted armament configurations. If you must engage a bomber, you should engage from directly below or above, or the front in a head-on. Closing in from behind or the sides, you are exposing yourself to a barrage of powerful heavy machineguns and autocannons which will shred your flimsy airframe. Most bombers only have a single defensive armament in the nose and above and below are typically gunner dead-zones or entirely unarmed. A two engine bomber requires both to remain aloft, take one out and it will surely die. 4 engine bombers only need 2 or 3, so aiming for the engines are ill advised (though still better than nothing). For these, you should aim to take out the pilot or destroy the wing-tips to cause the bomber to fall into a flat-spin. Alternatively, you can take out the tail controls to doom a bomber to a slow and painful death (this however requires a rearward engagement which is most dangerous). Jet fighters are strong, though not infallible. Most jets you will fight are German, Japanese, American or Soviet. German and Japanese jets tend to have horrific performance at altitudes exceeding 4500 metres. You can bait them up and energy trap them. Once they have lost their speed they are incredibly vulnerable due to atrocious acceleration, which you can exploit and quickly gain on them. Soviet jets also suffer at above about 5000 metres. They also have very little ammunition and low speeds. American jets are the biggest issue. Your best bet is to bait them into turn-fighting or losing their energy, where they are most vulnerable.

=== Specific enemies worth noting ===

Griffon Spitfire can keep up with most enemies in turn fights, excluding most Japanese fighters, other British fighters and several Bf 109s, all of which are more agile. Try to maintain a speed of between 400-500 km/h IAS; this is where the plane maintains great agility, turning below this velocity against planes such as the [[Bf 109 G-14]] is really not recommended. When fighting Soviet fighters it is NOT recommended to duel them between 1-4 km altitude.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 4 x cannons with a high rate of fire
* Excellent climb rate
* Quite agile at medium and higher speeds
* Very responsive elevator(starts to lock at speeds above 600 km/h IAS)
* Greatly improved high-speed handling relative to previous spitfires
* Wing rip speed is noticeably higher than previous spitfires
* Brutal acceleration when using WEP
* Good performance at higher altitudes
* Excellent roll rate

'''Cons:'''

* From time to time, pitted against jets which can be tricky to outmanoeuvre
* Poor agility at lower speeds and significant drag/mass ratio at high speeds limits optimal combat speed range
* Easily set on fire due to the location of the fuel tanks
* Landing gear rips very easily during take-off and landing travelling in excess of 260 km/h
* Landing flaps also break off at roughly the same speed as the gear
* Somewhat sluggish without utilizing WEP

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
The Supermarine Spitfire Mk.22 was a single engine, single seat fighter which served with the Royal Air Force during the early post war period. When the first Rolls Royce Griffon equipped Spitfires were tested it was obvious that a stronger airframe would be needed to harness the full power of the new engine. Added to this was the requirement for a much stiffer wing; the result of these findings was the Spitfire Mk.21. The Mk.21 was also fitted with larger ailerons and the same 2050 hp Griffon 65 engine which was fitted to the Mk.XIV and Mk.XVIII. By this point in the aircraft's life, the Spitfire was so different from RJ Mitchell's original concept that the notion of renaming the new aircraft the 'Victor' was considered.

The Air Fighting Development Unit at RAF Boscombe Down began to test the Mk.21 in late 1944, but were deeply unhappy with the new Spitfire and recommended that no further attempts were made to progress the basic Spitfire design. Chief amongst the AFDU's complaints was directional instability: Supermarine attempted to solve this problem by modifying the control surfaces. It was only with the introduction of a new, enlarged tailfin and tail plane which finally solved the instability problems.

The Mk.22 differed from the Mk.21 only in having a teardrop bubble canopy – a change which had not required a new mark number in previous Spitfires – and a different electrical system. The Mk.22, as with the Mk.21, was armed with four 20mm Hispano cannons. The Mk.22 was more prolific and more successful than the Mk.21, with some 280 aircraft being manufactured. It was used to equip No.73 Squadron and twelve squadrons of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force. In 1955 the Spitfire Mk.22 was declared obsolete by the RAF and many were exported to South Rhodesia, Syria and Egypt.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|MNacjyimuCQ|'''The Shooting Range #95''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 05:10 discusses the Spitfire F Mk 22.|YrotBJk-VYk|'''The Shooting Range #124''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:28 discusses the Griffons.}}

== See also ==
Other Griffin Engine Spitfires

* [[Spitfire F Mk XIVe]]
* [[Spitfire F Mk XVIIIe]]
* [[Spitfire F Mk 24]]

British Aircraft of comparable capabilities

* [[Tempest Mk II]]
* [[Spitfire LF Mk IX]]
* [[Meteor F Mk 3]]

Other Aircraft of comparable role, capabilities, rank, battle rating and era

* [[P-51H-5-NA]] (USA)
* [[F2G-1]](USA)
* [[F8F-1B]] (USA)
* [[Ta 152 H-1]] / [[Ta 152 C-3]] (Germany)
* [[Yak-15P]] (USSR)
* [[Ki-84 hei]] (Japan)
* [[G.56]] (Italy)
* [[F8F-1B (France)]]
* [[J21RA]] (Sweden)
* [[A21RB]] (Sweden)

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341991-supermarine-spitfire-f-mk-22/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Convertible Research Points

2021-07-28T02:17:10Z

U36317457: Created the wiki article for Convertible Research Points. Golden Eagles, Silver Lions and Research Points all have their own respective pages on the Wiki, though CRP did not. It is now created.

=== Overview ===
Convertible Research Points (CRP) are a currency within War Thunder that can be used to accelerate the research progress of Tech Tree vehicles.

They are accumulated over time and are not reset at any given point. They require [[Golden Eagles]] to convert into [[Research Points]] for your vehicle. A percentage of earned [[Research Points]] are siphoned into this fund at the end of every battle. Convertible Research Points may only be used for Tech Tree vehicles; they cannot be used for vehicle modifications & upgrades, squadron vehicles or any other functions that utilise [[Research Points]]. CRP can be used on all types of vehicles such as Aircraft, Tanks, Helicopters and both the Bluewater & Coastal fleets. It is important to note CRP income is directly proportional to [[Research Points|Research Point]] gain per battle, and therefore income varies depending on tier of vehicle used, battle effectiveness, whether you have a [[Talisman]] on your vehicle and the [[:Category:Game modes|modes]] the player uses, among a variety of other factors. Furthermore, [[premium]] increases income of Convertible Research Points. The value of Convertible Research Points is tethered to the value of [[Research Points]]. This means that the value of Convertible Research Points is exactly the same as ordinary [[Research Points]].

=== Summary ===

* CRP can only be used on tech tree vehicles
* CRP can not be used on several things that RP is usually used on. These include:
** Premium vehicles
** Marketplace vehicles
** Bundles or pack vehicles
** Event vehicles
** Gift vehicles
** Vehicle modifications
** Premium time
* CRP is tethered in value to RP
* CRP requires [[Golden Eagles]] to convert CRP to RP
* Once CRP is used, it can not be transferred back into Golden Eagles
* CRP income can be affected by many things, including:
** Premium Account
** Talismans
** Tier of vehicles used
** RP multipliers
** Battle effectiveness
** RP boosters
** Premium vehicles

* You might want to use CRP especially if:
** You have some spare Golden Eagles lying around
** You want to quickly unlock your favourite vehicle
** You want to try out a new addition to the game as soon as possible after an update
** You are a member of the War Thunder [[wt:en/media/partnership/|Content Partnership Program]] and wish to review and/or discuss a specific vehicle
* Instead of boosting research progress of [[modifications]] with Convertible Research Points, it uses Golden Eagles directly.

=== Media ===
{{Youtube
| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0z5ujTKdiU
}}

Swift F.7

2021-07-27T13:29:47Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = British jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Swift F.1
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=swift_f7
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} was the last variant in the line of Swift fighters produced by Supermarine Aviation Works. This fighter was one of Britain's fighters to come out of the early 1950s. Post-war England saw new leadership which made the faulty assumption that for the next ten years or so, no new major conflict would happen and therefore defence spending, research and development on new aircraft was reduced to a trickle, mostly experimental prototypes made for research purposes.

The early 1950s saw a change of leadership and Winston Churchill made sweeping changes which amped up research and development churning out Swift fighters as part of that. In the haste to research, develop and produce these fighters, problems crept up in the aircraft which happened so fast, it was difficult to stop the manufacturing process long enough to make the necessary updates, especially problems found during flight trials. These updates when made produced the different Swift variants which lead to the final production of the {{PAGENAME}}. By now a majority of the problems with the aircraft had been ironed out, however, the F.7 never entered active service, instead, the fourteen built acted as training aircraft which taught pilots how to get used to shooting off air-to-air missiles, namely the Fireflash.
[[File:Swift F7 elitefe24 001.jpg|350px|thumb|left|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' showing effective camouflage for the terrain it is flying in.]]
Though never seeing combat during its short career, the {{PAGENAME}} has an opportunity to make a name for itself in War Thunder. Not as fancy or bristling with weapons like a Sabre or a MiG, the {{PAGENAME}} has its place in the sky and can dance with the best, and even shoot them down. Armed with two 30 mm ADEN cannons and two Fireflash air-to-air missiles, while maintaining between 700 and 810 km/h, this fighter can get the best of even superior aircraft it may go against. Its slower speeds may allow for an overshoot of an enemy aircraft which may place it in front of the Swift's gun sights or even for the radar beam riding Fireflash, of which the enemy pilot will have no indication it was launched unless they are diligent about watching behind them. In the right hands, the {{PAGENAME}} and its weapons have the ability to humble enemy pilots and their superior aircraft.

== General info ==
[[File:Swift F7 mcchungusbites 001.png|450px|thumb|right|The sleek '''{{PAGENAME}}''' searching for targets.]]
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a good fighter which excels in playing the interceptor role, however like the three bears from Goldilocks' story; this jet has a sweet spot in speed where it does well. Like many jets, this one does not do so well when slow and it becomes an easy target for others to attack. On the other hand, flying too fast causes the controls to lock up, preventing any real manoeuvring at all and, if playing in realistic or simulator battles, ripping off the wing-tips is a very real problem when moving too fast.

The sweet spot or "just right" speed zone for the {{PAGENAME}} is between 700 km/h and 810 km/h. Here the jet will have sufficient speed to properly manoeuvre. Diving either to shoot down another aircraft or to get away from someone on your tail can be a challenge as doing so can result in the aircraft superseding the 810 km/h threshold (easily going into the mid 900s) and end up a sitting duck unable to manoeuvre or if close enough to the ground turning into a lawn dart because it could not pull up due to the control surfaces locking up.

Speed management is key to survival - the afterburner can aid with increasing the aircraft's speed if slow - and with the afterburner the aircraft has a really good climb rate - it can accelerate significantly even in a steep climb. However, slowing down to keep from going too fast is a major problem because this aircraft does not have an air brake and just reducing the throttle will not help very much. Two options are available to reduce speed in this aircraft and the first is to deploy landing flaps. The landing flaps have been reinforced and should not rip when used to slow the aircraft down and can be deployed and retracted as needed. Another option to help bleed off any unnecessary speed is to lift the nose of the aircraft (pull up or back on the control stick). Placing the fighter into a nose-high attitude will help with decreasing speed to a safe zone when the pilot can resume normal flight.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,048 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 980 || 977 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.5 || 26.9 || 14.8 || 10.1 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
|993|| 985 ||24.1|| 25.0 ||42.6|| 28.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 1,035 || 465 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 600 || < 600 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Avon Mk.116 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,540 kg || colspan="2" | 273 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel
|-
| 1,000 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,096 kg || 7,916 kg || 8,463 kg || 9,530 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,126 kgf || 4,501 kgf
| 0.63 || 0.57 || 0.53 || 0.47
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,126 kgf (0 km/h) || 4,501 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.63 || 0.57 || 0.53 || 0.47
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


;Armour

* 12.7 mm steel plate behind pilot's seat
* 50 mm bulletproof glass in canopy windscreen

The simple armour setup on this fighter affords protection to the pilot, via the front windscreen having 50 mm bulletproof glass to help protect against head-on attacks. Behind the pilot's seat is a 12.7 mm steel plate which is in place to provide protection for the pilot if their aircraft is shot from behind. The fuel tanks and the engine should take most of the brunt of an attack from behind, but in the event, something gets through the steel plate is meant to be the last line of protection.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
[[File:Swift F7 elitefe24 002.jpg |450px|thumb|right|]]
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ADEN (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm ADEN cannons, belly-mounted at right side (135 + 185 = 320 total)

This aircraft has been outfitted with two 30 mm ADEN autocannons. Though they are mounted on the fuselage resulting in not having to configure for convergence the pilot will need to account for both autocannons being mounted on the right side of the aircraft fuselage near the right air intake. Pilots which are used to having balanced machine guns or autocannons (equal amounts on both left and right side) will need to slightly adjust their aim to ensure the bullets don't miss just to the side of where they would normally aim. The ADEN cannons when they do hit their mark usually result in a critical hit or a destroyed aircraft with wings flying in one direction and tail sections going in another.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Fireflash}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x Fireflash missiles

The Fireflash missile was the first air-to-air guided missile put into service with the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force. Built by Fairey Aviation, the same company who built the [[Swordfish Mk I|Swordfish]], this missile utilised radar beam riding guidance to get the missile onto a target. The odd-looking missile consists of a central dart attached to two boosters. The boosters spin-stabilize the missile in flight and propel the missile to speeds upwards of Mach 2. 1.5 seconds after launch, with fuel spent, the boosters separate and the missile would coast the rest of the way to the target, still receiving guidance from the controlling aircraft.

This missile has an effective range of about 4 km (2.4 mi) before it no longer has the kinetic energy to continue. This missile is best used in short-range encounters such as head-on attacks where the enemy fighter is closing the distance rather than flying away. This missile can be used during tail chases as long as you maintain close distance and can keep the radar on the enemy long enough for the missile to acquire its target. The Fireflash is a finicky missile which requires practice and patience, though not as simple to use as other missiles found in-game, it can be a surprise to enemy fighters they are not expecting resulting in them having to go back and watching replays in unbelief to see what took them out. Having only two of these missiles to rely on will require the pilot to exercise restraint and not launch one if the chances of a hit are marginal and instead maybe turn to the 30 mm cannons instead in that instance.

{{Notice|Unlike heat-seeking missiles, beam riding missiles will not trigger a missile launch warning for the enemy player.}}

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Swift F7 elitefe24 003.jpg|450px|thumb|right|]]
The Swift F.7 is played similar to the [[Hunter F.1|Hunter]] as more of a Boom and Zoom aircraft, though it retains dogfighting capability, especially when making use of take-off flaps. The aircraft has a sweet spot for its manoeuvrability around 600-800 km/h. Above those speeds, sustaining a hard turn (or alternatively turning and rolling simultaneously) can result in a ripped wing. It is generally advised to keep some altitude with the aircraft. The missiles are SACLOS-guided and can be useful in head-on. The vehicle has an afterburner which results in higher acceleration than most jets that you will face, though opponents such as the [[Shenyang F-5]] and [[AV-8A]] Harrier are capable of accelerating faster. It is recommended to use either 20 minutes of fuel or full tank as 7 minutes does not allow for prolonged use of the afterburner, nor does it allow for loitering.

The Swift F.7 is capable of maintaining a 960 km/h climb at a pitch of 15°, allowing it to achieve altitude of 4 to 5 km easily while maintaining a high speed and catching climbing opponents off-guard. It performs excellently in the support role, where it can Boom and Zoom pre-occupied enemies or maintain a very high speed of over 1,000 km/h in level flight, making gentle turns and passes on opponents who are pre-occupied and being put into vulnerable positions by allied aircraft.

Alternatively the Swift F.7 can be played more aggressively, making use of its energy retention and high thrust-to-weight to engage and wear down enemy fighters. Its take-off flaps can be used as air brakes due to their high rip speed and allow it to manoeuvre at high angles of attack, helping to get guns on target in one-on-one engagements at lower speeds, though it is not recommended to use them excessively nor rate fight due to the speed that will be bled. It is important to note that usage of the take-off flaps at over ~850 km/h will counter-intuitively reduce the turning rate of the aircraft, so they should not be used to manoeuvre on target in high speed dives and passes.

When in a compromised position against a more manoeuvrable aircraft the priority should be to gain separation with the enemy. This can be done against most opponents by accelerating to high speeds using the afterburner, as you can maintain a higher speed in level flight than most aircraft you will face - the Swift F.7 is capable of reaching 1,100 km/h in level flight at sea level while making use of the afterburner. Once separation has been achieved you can make use of your higher energy state and speed to gain some altitude and re-engage on your terms.

===Radars===

The Swift F.7 is equipped with an AN/APG-30 rangefinding radar, located in the nose of the aircraft.
It will automatically detect other planes within the scanning area and display the range to the closest target. It is linked with a gyro gunsight and can help with aiming at close range.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AN/APG-30 - Rangefinding radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 2,750 m || 300 m || ±9° || ±9°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent climb rate with afterburner
* High top speed at sea level
* Access to excellent Fireflash short-range beam guided missiles
* Fireflash missiles work against tanks in ground attack scenarios
* Two powerful 30 mm ADEN autocannons
* Fireflash can be considered an all-aspect missile considering their mouse guidance
* Retains energy very well
* Fireflash missiles could be used without the need to lock on target, meaning faster response time
* Flaps have a very high rip speed limit
* Strong airframe does not rip easily
* Can withstand a light battering from 7.62mm and .50 calibre rounds
* Afterburner takes about 8-15 minutes of continuous use to cause engine overheating

'''Cons:'''

* No dedicated air brake, must use take-off flaps as an airbrake at high speeds, or alternatively manoeuvre, risking ripping wings
* Severe control surface locking above 820 km/h
* Wingtips will break around 800 km/h when turning high G in realistic or simulator battles
* Both autocannons are on right side of the aircraft fuselage, requires slight adjustment when aiming
* Afterburner will overheat after prolonged use
* Fireflash missiles have to be manually guided to the target by pointing the aircraft in the direction of the target
* Fireflash missiles have incredibly inconsistent performance
* Poor manoeuvrability at high speeds and high risk of ripping wings while doing so
* Less ammunition for your 30 mm ADENS than the F.1 variant - requires more ammo conservation

== History ==

In the years following the end of WW2, Great Britain focused their efforts on rebuilding their nation from the devastation caused by the war as the British government didn't consider a new war possible in the following ten years. Under these circumstances, developing new military technology wasn't considered a priority in most cases.

As a result, Great Britain found itself lagging behind in military aviation at the start of the 1950s by the outbreak of the Korean War. This prompted the RAF to hastily look for a new fighter aircraft to put into service, even if it meant taking into consideration an interim design.

One of the designs that sparked the RAF's interest was a new swept-wing aircraft developed by the Supermarine company - the Type 510. Being in essence just a modified Supermarine Attacker, development of this design continued, eventually maturing into the Type 541.

Soon, the Type 541 received the highest development priority and was hastily rushed through testing and into production as the Supermarine Swift. In fact, production was so rushed that it began before necessary design changes could even be applied from the results of the test flights conducted with the Type 541 prototypes.

Nonetheless, the Supermarine Swift F.1 entered service with the RAF in February 1954, followed shortly afterwards by the F.2 variant. However, many of the aircraft's teething problems weren't resolved as a result of being rushed into production. This resulted in a number of accidents happening early on involving the Swift , leading to the aircraft being grounded for a time.

Newer modifications were developed, which addressed most of the known issues. However, it was a case of too little too late for the Swift, as it quickly became replaced by the Hawker Hunter. In the end, just under 200 Supermarine Swifts were produced out of the close to 500 planned aircraft. The Swift was phased out of active service relatively quickly after its introduction, with the last fighter models being withdrawn by the RAF in the mid to late 1950s.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6342-development-supermarine-swift-banking-on-success-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=jet_fighter&vehicle=swift_f7 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
Image:Swift F7 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
Image:Swift F7 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|bBeNjjWfoyQ|'''The Fireflashes Are The Most Fun You'll Have With Missiles''' - ''Spit_flyer''|kLUvhT1l14w|'''Is The Supermarine Swift F.7 Worth your time?''' - ''DEFYN''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* Supermarine [[Attacker FB 1]]
* Supermarine [[Attacker FB.2]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* North American [[F-86 (Family)|F-86]] Sabre
* Dassault [[M.D.450B Ouragan]]
* de Havilland [[Venom FB.4|Venom]]
* Grumman [[F9F (Family)|F9F Cougar]]
* Hawker [[Hunter (Family)|Hunter]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-17 (Family)|MiG-17]]
* Saab [[J29D]] Tunnan

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6342-development-supermarine-swift-banking-on-success-en|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> Supermarine Swift: Banking on Success]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/463997-swift-f7/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}

Silent Thunder

2021-07-27T12:46:55Z

U36317457: Grammar, spelling, punctuation

=Silent Thunder=


{{notice|In clashes between three of the major military powers of the 21st century, players will battle against each other in combat in the some of the world’s most powerful nuclear submarines. The three dimensional depths of the ocean, realistic physics and modern strategic weaponry will become available this weekend!|!!}}

'''All players will be able to take part in the initial first test The test session will be held from 12:00 GMT on March 31st until 12:00 GMT on April 3rd.'''

In the test version of the game, players will be able to try modern nuclear submarines from three major military powers: the United States, Great Britain and Russia, where each vessel is armed with a unique selection of guided torpedoes and missiles. The test will be held in a location inspired by the Spitzbergen ocean area, players will battle to capture one of the strategic zones, and once it’s captured cruise or ballistic missiles will be launched.

Among the powerful armament of the Russian Yasen-class, for example, are the destructive 3M-14K ‘Kalibr’ anti-ship and land-attack cruise missiles, famous from their presence in recent conflicts. The only British nuclear missile platform Vanguard-class, excels in its guided anti-submarine torpedo armament, and at a weight of 2 tons each boasts unparalleled anti-submarine power. The American Virginia-class may have less potent torpedoes on offer, but more than makes up for it with nuclear warheads, each with a yield of up to 200 kilotons, fitted on dozens of the famous Tomahawk missiles. Silent Thunder aims for a completely new vehicular combat experience. Deep down below in the darkest depths of the world’s oceans, players will have to navigate and detect enemies using sonar and other detection devices, while trying to stay hidden from the ever watchful eyes of their enemies. The slightest sound can reveal their location - so players need to be careful when activating their active sonar, firing a torpedo, even scraping their outer hull against a rock or iceberg can give the game away. This is a game for true naval tacticians! Break the chilling silence in the Arctic Ocean this weekend!

==Silent Thunder Controls==
[[File:Events SilentThunderControls.png|800px|thumb|center|Pre-set controls mouse and keyboard]]

[[File:Events SilentThunderControls2.png|800px|thumb|center|Pre-set controls mouse and keyboard common]]

==How to get a Game/match==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| [[File:Events SilentThunderGameStep1.jpg|500px]]
| style="vertical-align:top" | Red Box with '''Number 1: Where to find it''' - Shows where you can find the Silent Thunder event, click this box called "Events & Tournaments". Red Box with '''Number 2: How to enable all servers''' - Shows how you can enable a faster game/match. Click this area which is highlighted with a red box. Once clicked, proceed to last image shown, called '''Number 2: How to enable all servers'''.
|-
| [[File:Events SilentThunderGameStep2.jpg|500px]]
| style="vertical-align:top" | '''Number 1: Where to find it''' - Click the name called '''Submarine warfare'''.
|-
| [[File:Events SilentThunderGameStep3.jpg|500px]]
| style="vertical-align:top" | '''Number 2: How to enable all servers''' - Once clicked, enable all the severs, by clicking the boxes. This allows for the Match Maker to place you in any of the servers where you can connect to a game faster than waiting for just on one server.
|}

==The Subs==

* The British [[Vanguard-class]]
* The American [[Virginia-class]]
* The Russian [[Project 885]]

==The Map==

* [[Spitsbergen|Spitsbergen]]

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|u4vwWP2P9vY|'''War Thunder''' - Defence Emergency Message.|phGQGIct1Oo|'''Silent Thunder Official Reveal Trailer'''}}

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5419-silent-thunder-the-first-test-of-the-new-game-en|Silent Thunder: the first test of the new game]]



[[Category:April fool's day]]
[[Category:Events]]

Spitfire F Mk IX

2021-06-05T13:37:04Z

U36317457: Some further detail

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_ix_early
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_spitfire_ix_early.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.35]].

Because the muzzle velocity of both the Hispanos (870 m/s) and the MGs (854 m/s) is practically the same you could put tracers on the MGs and air targets belt on the Hispanos. This is a great way for players to get a feel of where to aim in RB and it's easier to hit your shots maximising your efficiency and potentially saving ammo. A downside to this is that the element of surprise is short lived as your enemy will see the tracers flying past him and he will quickly react. Another thing is that short bursts are required with the cannons especially without the cannon upgrades as they overheat (and thus jam) very quickly.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,537 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 627 || 609 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.1 || 18.7 || 15.8 || 15.8 || rowspan="2" | 380
|-
! Upgraded
| 676 || 650 || 16.4 || 17.2 || 24.4 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 230 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 450
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,100 m || 1,400 hp || 1,624 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,000 m || 1,160 hp || 1,346 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 3 mm Steel - Armour plate on top of fuel tanks
* 4 mm Steel - Armour plate on pilot's seat. Behind pilot is another 6-7 mm steel plate
* 3 mm Steel - Armour plates around ammunition

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Browning .303 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning .303 machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 1,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV (250 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 250 lb [[G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. 250 lb Mk.IV]] bomb (250 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

As a Spitfire Mk IX at its realistic mode battle rating, the most common and dangerous opponents are Bf 109's, normally the G2/Trop and F4 variants both of which often benefit from a better team composition on the axis side. When facing them, you should never attempt to hold an extended dogfight above 5,000 m as you will lose a significant portion of engine power in comparison to them. Instead, you should take the fight below 5 km where you can outrun a Bf 109 F4, although Fw 190's and the German variant P-47 will catch up easily at the lower altitude.

The advantages of your plane in both an up-tier and down-tier remain largely the same in that you can out-turn almost anything except all models of the A6M 'Zero' and the A7M 'Reppu' along with earlier Spitfires you might face such as the Italian Spitfire Mk Vb/Trop. In this scenario you should play cautiously and try to energy fight them, extending away and climbing. For head-ons, since the armament of 2 x 20 mm and 4 x 7.7 mm machine guns are rather lacklustre, you usually should avoid these. If you really want to, though, use stealth rounds and fire from 1,000-1,400 metres away from the target while using a 500 m convergence. However, this Spitfire does best at mid-close ranges (200-600 metres) with either 400 m or 300 m convergence. The wing-mounted guns aren't really good for head-ons.

Another aspect to consider and adjust your playstyle to is that while the acceleration and turn time is good, engine overheating in RB and SB should be managed using manual engine controls and pulling more than 9G's while rolling puts you at risk of ripping your wing off. Additionally, since the Inline engine is very vulnerable to damage and the Spitfire requires lots of time on target, practice proper methods of attacking bombers using boom and zoom tactics as tail-sitting enemy bombers with decent defensive armaments like the Me 264 and the He 177 is not likely to end well at all.

In ground RB, the lacklustre suspended armament suggests that it is unadvised to engage ground targets. The 250lb bomb may be worth taking to play your chances against a light tank or SPAA but extreme luck and skill is required to get a kill as extreme accuracy is required with the bomb. The offensive armament also lacks penetration and cannot be relied upon to kill ground vehicles - even SPAAs like the [[Ostwind]], [[Wirbelwind]] and [[M16 MGMC]] will prevail against your [[Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.IIs]].

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great manoeuvrability
* Good roll rate
* Good low-level performance
* Larger ammo supply of 120 RPG for the 20 mm cannons, compared to the Spitfires with the Type 'B' wings with 60 RPG
* Machine gun ammo pool of 350 RPG makes for good, prolonged backup weapons
* Faster than previous Spitfire versions due to a newer engine
* Lack of engine float carburettor allows for more forgiving negative-G manoeuvres and inverted flight (RB/SB)
* You can actually use tracers belts for machine guns, which means this aircraft can help new RB player with shooting.
* Like previous versions of British planes, the tracer belts are composed entirely of incendiary bullets (IT and AP-I).
* Incredibly fast climber, out-climbs 109s when upgraded

'''Cons:'''

* Ammunition pool for 20 mm still relatively small, must be conservative when shooting
* Cannons overheat and jam quickly, when not in 1942/1943 configuration
* When 20 mm runs out or jams, the plane is left with only four 7.7 mm machine guns
* Poor high altitude performance (above 5000m)
* Poor acceleration
* Roll rate starts stiffening at ~400 km/h
* Liquid-cooled engines mean one hit to the cooling system can force a return to the airfield for repairs (RB/SB)
* Very difficult to attack bombers, as the engine is very susceptible to damage from enemy gunners
* Fragile airframe
* Catches fire easily, not all fuel tanks are self sealing
* 20mm incredibly inaccurate even at close ranges when stock

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
The Supermarine Spitfire was a British single-engine, all-metal, low-wing monoplane fighter. While the Mk VII and Mk VIII variants was being designed, a Spitfire Mk III was tested in September 1941 with the new Rolls Royce 60 in the hopes of developing an interim fighter to use as a stop gap measure. The new Spitfire performed exceptionally well, and was rushed into production as the Mk IX. The Air Fighting Development Unit described the Mk IX as 'outstandingly better than the Mk V especially at heights above 20,000 feet' and even though it was not fitted with the modified control surfaces under development for the Mk VII and Mk VIII, the Mk IX was more than capable of meeting the Focke-Wulf FW190 on favourable terms. The Mk IX was fitted with the Type C 'universal' wing and originally carried the tried and tested combination of two 20mm cannon and four 0.303 inch machine guns, but in later versions the four 0.303 machine guns were replaced with two .50 calibre guns.

A total of 5,665 Mk IX were produced and 262 more Mk Vs were converted to Mk IX. Intended as a transitional stop-gap measure for the Mk VII and Mk VIII, the variant remained in production until the end of the war, ultimately becoming the most mass-produced Spitfire version. This mark was also used as a fighter-bomber and as a reconnaissance aircraft. Further modifications were incorporated into the Mk IX throughout its service life, such as a gyroscopic gunsight, bubble canopy and modified engine intercooler. Widely considered to be the most capable fighter in the world at the time of its introduction, it would take the introduction of the Rolls Royce Griffon engine to push the Spitfire into its next stage of evolution.

=== Notable pilots ===
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Douglas_Bader_profile.jpg|thumb|none|220px|User:U64962917#Bader,_Douglas_R.S.B.|The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' was the fighter in which '''[[User:U64962917#Bader,_Douglas_R.S.B.|Douglas Bader]]''' flew as flight lead of 300 aircraft over London for a victory flyover in June 1945.]] </li>
</ul></div>

== Media ==


;Skins

*Skin and Camouflages for the [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=spitfire_ix_early {{PAGENAME}}] in Warthunder Live.

[[File:Spitfire F Mk IX Lynette Bishop.mp4|thumb|"Lynette Bishop" collaboration camouflage|none]]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|9_txEPailKc|'''The Shooting Range #92''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 05:10 discusses the Spitfire F Mk IX.}}

== See also ==


;<nowiki>Other Spitfire Mk IX variants:</nowiki>

* [[Spitfire F Mk IXc]]
* [[Spitfire LF Mk IX]]
* [[Plagis' Spitfire LF Mk IXc]]
* [[Spitfire Mk IXc (USSR)]]
* [[Spitfire LF Mk IXc (USA)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/162149-supermarine-spitfire-f-mk-ix/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Concept 3

2021-06-05T13:36:38Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_concept3_ngac
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OQF Mk.II (77 mm)}}
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77 mm OQF Mk.II]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 137 || 134 || 123 || 111 || 100 || 91
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 137 || 134 || 123 || 111 || 100 || 91
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 152 || 149 || 137 || 124 || 112 || 101
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 754 || 6.98 || 0 || 0.1 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)}}
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Browning MG4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Excellent gun for its tier, good penetration and decent reload
* Fast with good acceleration when spaded
* Reverse speed is as good as forward speed, allowing for quick getaways
* Fast reload rate
* Often first to capture point
* Decent turret traverse
* Excellent line-up with [[Achilles]], [[Churchill III]], [[Crusader AA Mk I]], [[Firebrand TF Mk IV]] and [[Spitfire F Mk IX]]
* Above average muzzle velocity

'''Cons:'''

* Solid shot ammunition only, accurate fire is needed to disable vehicles
* Suspension is quite bouncy, making quick reaction shots difficult
* Turning is slow when stock
* Suffers in soft terrain, sometimes speed will drop massively upon the slightest obstacle
* Negligible armour, vulnerable to artillery overpressure
* Sub-par accuracy at range when stock

== History ==


The Concept 3 was based on the British FV603 Alvis Saracen Armoured Personnel Carrier. It was designed to fulfil a new South African requirement for a "New Generation Armoured Car". The project started in 1976 and ended in 1979. 3 testbed vehicles were made, Concept 3 being one of them. The Concept 3 differed from the Alvis Saracen APCs - it had an 8-wheel configuration, giving it superior off-road characteristics and superior performance. The Concept 3 was fitted with a [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77mm OQF Mk.II]], identical to the one found on the [[Comet I|A34 Comet I]] which, wile underwhelming for the time was merely a placeholder and was later swapped for a [[Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)|105 mm Royal Ordnance L7]] which was a licence built version of the same gun found on the British [[Centurion Mk 10]]. The L7 variant was known as the "Bismarck". The vehicle was built by South African company Sandock-Austral (later merged into BAE Systems), the same company credited with creating and producing the Ratel family ([[Ratel 20]] / [[Ratel 90|90]]) and the [[Eland 90 Mk.7]]. Several tests were conducted over the years at Potchefstroom, South Africa. The Concept 3 series was nicknamed the "Cheetah" and the vehicle was officially designated "Concept 3, Class 2B" and was built to slightly different medium specifications, raising the original weight of the vehicle from a modest 17 tonnes to a rather considerable weight of up to 23 tonnes.

When all is said and done, the Concept series deviated from the original vision of the Armoured Personnel Carrier, morphing into a light Armoured Fighting Vehicle or reconnaissance car. The original intended role of Armoured Personnel Carrier was ultimately fulfilled by the excellent Ratel family which doubled as an effective Infantry Fighting Vehicle. Therefore the South African National Defence Force ultimately cancelled the order for the Concepts, and immediate further development of the Concept programme was promptly terminated.

However, the legacy of the Concept cannot be asserted enough: the basic design of the Concept and in particular its chassis would later become that of the Rooikat family ([[Rooikat 105]] / [[Rooikat MTTD|MTTD]] / [[Rooikat Mk.1D|Mk.1D]] / [[ZA-35]]) which are still used to this day. The Concept, while often forgotten, disregarded and dishonoured is perhaps one of the most - if not the most - influential military vehicle design in South African history.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain light tanks}}

Concept 3

2021-06-05T02:26:52Z

U36317457: /* History */ wording improvements, consistency, grammar etc.

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_concept3_ngac
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OQF Mk.II (77 mm)}}
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77 mm OQF Mk.II]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 137 || 134 || 123 || 111 || 100 || 91
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 137 || 134 || 123 || 111 || 100 || 91
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 152 || 149 || 137 || 124 || 112 || 101
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 754 || 6.98 || 0 || 0.1 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)}}
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Browning MG4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* '''Excellent gun for it's tier, good penetration and decent reload'''
* '''Fast with good acceleration when spaded'''
* '''Reverse speed is as good as forward speed, allowing for quick getaways'''

*

'''Cons:'''

* '''Solid shot ammunition only - accurate fire is needed to disable vehicles'''
* '''Suspension is quite bouncy, making quick reaction shots difficult'''
* '''Turning is slow when stock'''
* '''Suffers in soft terrain, sometimes speed will drop massively even if terrain seems fine'''

*

== History ==


The Concept 3 was based on the British FV603 Alvis Saracen Armoured Personnel Carrier. It was designed to fulfil a new South African requirement for a "New Generation Armoured Car". The project started in 1976 and ended in 1979. 3 Testbeds were made, Concept 3 being one of them. The Concept 3 differed from the Alvis Saracen APCs - it had an 8-wheel configuration, giving it superior off-road characteristics and superior performance. The Concept 3 was fitted with a [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77mm OQF Mk.II]], identical to the one found on the [[Comet I|A34 Comet I]] which, wile underwhelming for the time was merely a placeholder and was later swapped for a [[Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)|105 mm Royal Ordnance L7]] which was a licence built version of the same gun found on the British [[Centurion Mk 10]]. The L7 variant was known as the "Bismarck". The vehicle was built by South African company Sandock-Austral (later merged into BAE Systems), the same company credited with creating and producing the Ratel family ([[Ratel 20|20]] / [[Ratel 90|90]]) and the [[Eland 90 Mk.7]]. Several tests were conducted over the years at Potchefstroom, South Africa. The Concept 3 series was nicknamed the "Cheetah" and the vehicle was officially designated "Concept 3, Class 2B" and was built to slightly different medium specifications, raising the original weight of the vehicle from a modest 17 tonnes to a rather considerable weight of up to 23 tonnes.

When all is said and done, the Concept series deviated from the original vision of the Armoured Personnel Carrier, morphing into a light Armoured Fighting Vehicle or reconnaissance car. The original intended role of Armoured Personnel Carrier was ultimately fulfilled by the excellent Ratel family which doubled as an effective Infantry Fighting Vehicle. Therefore the South African National Defence Force ultimately cancelled the order for the Concepts, and immediate further development of the concept programme was promptly terminated.

However, the legacy of the Concept cannot be asserted enough: the basic design of the Concept and in particular its chassis would later become that of the Rooikat family ([[Rooikat 105|105]] / [[Rooikat MTTD|MTTD]] / [[Rooikat Mk.1D|Mk.1D]] / [[ZA-35]]) which are still used to this day. The Concept, while often forgotten, disregarded and dishonoured is perhaps one of the most - if not the most - influential military vehicle design in South African history.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain light tanks}}

Concept 3

2021-06-04T07:38:51Z

U36317457: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_concept3_ngac
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OQF Mk.II (77 mm)}}
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77 mm OQF Mk.II]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 137 || 134 || 123 || 111 || 100 || 91
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 137 || 134 || 123 || 111 || 100 || 91
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 152 || 149 || 137 || 124 || 112 || 101
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 754 || 6.98 || 0 || 0.1 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)}}
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Browning MG4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

Little is known of the Concept 3's history - it is largely forgotten, perhaps one of the most mysterious vehicles in War Thunder.

The Concept 3 was based on the British FV603 Alvis Saracen Armoured Personnel Carrier. It was designed to fulfil a new South African requirement for a "New Generation Armoured Car". The project started in 1976 and ended in 1979. 3 Testbeds were made, Concept 3 being one of them. The Concept 3 differed from the Alvis Saracen APCs - it had an 8 wheel configuration, giving it superior off-road characteristics and superior performance. The Concept 3 was fitted with a [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77mm OQF Mk.II]], identical to the one found on the [[Comet I|A34 Comet I]] which, wile underwhelming for the time was merely intended as a testbed and was later swapped for a [[Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)|105 mm Royal Ordnance L7]] which was a licence built version of the same gun found on the British [[Centurion Mk 10]]. The L7 variant was known as the "Bismarck". The vehicle was built by South African company Sandock-Austral (later merged into BAE Systems), the same company credited with creating and producing the Ratel family ([[Ratel 20|20]]/[[Ratel 90|90]]) and the [[Eland 90 Mk.7]] found in War Thunder. Several tests were conducted over the years at Potchefstroom, South Africa. The Concept 3 series was nicknamed the "Cheetah" and the vehicle found in War Thunder was officially designated "Concept 3, Class 2B" and was built to slightly different medium specifications, raising the original weight of the vehicle from a modest 17 tonnes to a rather considerable weight of up to 23 tonnes. It featured the aforementioned 8 wheel configuration and.

The Concept series ultimately deviated from the original vision of the Armoured Personnel Carrier which was ultimately fulfilled by the excellent Ratel family which could hold up to 9 extra infantrymen whereas the Concept vehicles could do no such thing. Therefore the South African National Defence Force ultimately cancelled the order for the Concepts, which were promptly cancelled.

However, the legacy of the Concepts cannot be asserted enough: the basic design of the Concept and in particular it's chassis would later become that of the Rooikat family ([[Rooikat 105|105]]/[[Rooikat MTTD|MTTD]]/[[Rooikat Mk.1D|Mk.1D]]/[[ZA-35]]) which are still used to this day. The Concept, while often forgotten, disregarded and dishonoured is perhaps one of the most - if not the most - influential military vehicle design in South African history.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain light tanks}}

Concept 3

2021-06-04T07:12:14Z

U36317457: /* History */ facts were very hard to find for this and some of it may be incorrect. Apologies in advance.

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_concept3_ngac
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OQF Mk.II (77 mm)}}
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77 mm OQF Mk.II]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 137 || 134 || 123 || 111 || 100 || 91
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9 || 9
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 137 || 134 || 123 || 111 || 100 || 91
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 152 || 149 || 137 || 124 || 112 || 101
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 754 || 6.98 || 0 || 0.1 || 580 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || 754 || 7.71 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)}}
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Browning MG4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

Little is know of the Concept 3's history - it is largely unknown, perhaps one of the most mysterious vehicles in War Thunder.

The Concept 3 was based on the British FV603 Alvis Saracen Armoured Personnel Carrier. It was designed to fulfil a new South African requirement for a "New Generation Armoured Car". The project started in 1976 and ended in 1979. 3 Testbeds were made, Concept 3 being one of them. The Concept 3 differed from the Alvis Saracen APCs - it had an 8 wheel configuration, giving it superior off-road characteristics and superior performance. The Concept 3 was fitted with a [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77mm OQF Mk.II]], identical to the one found on the [[Comet I|A34 Comet I]] which, wile underwhelming for the time was merely intended as a testbed and was later swapped for a [[Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)|105 mm Royal Ordnance L7]] which was a licence built version of the same gun found on the British [[Centurion Mk 10]]. The L7 variant was known as the "Bismarck". The vehicle was built by South African company Sandock-Austral (later merged into BAE Systems), the same company credited with creating and producing the Ratel family ([[Ratel 20|20]]/[[Ratel 90|90]]) and the [[Eland 90 Mk.7]] found in War Thunder. Several tests were conducted over the years at Potchefstroom, South Africa. The Concept 3 series was nicknamed the "Cheetah" and the vehicle found in War Thunder was officially designated "Concept 3, Class 2B" and was built to slightly different medium specifications, raising the original weight of the vehicle from a modest 17 tonnes to a rather considerable weight of up to 23 tonnes. It featured the aforementioned 8 wheel configuration and.

The Concept series ultimately deviated from the original vision of the Armoured Personnel Carrier which was ultimately fulfilled by the excellent Ratel family which could hold up to 9 extra infantrymen whereas the Concept vehicles could do no such thing. Therefore the South African National Defence Force ultimately cancelled the order for the Concepts, which were promptly cancelled.

However, the legacy of the Concepts cannot be asserted enough: the basic design of the Concept and in particular it's chassis would later become that of the Rooikat family ([[Rooikat 105|105]]/[[Rooikat MTTD|MTTD]]/[[Rooikat Mk.1D|Mk.1D]]/[[ZA-35]]) which are still used to this day. The Concept, while often forgotten, disregarded and dishonoured is perhaps one of the most - if not the most - influential military vehicle design in South African history.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain light tanks}}

CL-13A Mk 5 (Germany)

2021-06-04T07:08:27Z

U36317457: /* Service in the Luftwaffe */ Erich Hartmann detail

{{About
|about=German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage=other variants
|link=F-86 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=f-86_canadair_german
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.39]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,103 || 1,097 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.5 || 25.7 || 39.9 || 36.4 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,123 || 1,114 || 23.7 || 24.0 || 59.8 || 49.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 590 || 550 || 350 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 600 || < 650 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Avro Canada Orenda 10 || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,330 kg || colspan="2" | 235 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 24m fuel
|-
| 1,160 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 5,716 kg || 6,412 kg || 6,626 kg || 9,530 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (108%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 7m fuel || 20m fuel || 24m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 2,818 kgf || N/A
| 0.49 || 0.44 || 0.43 || 0.30
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,818 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.49 || 0.44 || 0.43 || 0.30
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6.35 mm steel - in front of cockpit
* 12.7 mm steel - pilot's seat
* 20 mm steel - pilot's head rest
* 38 mm bulletproof glass - armoured windscreen
* Engine and fuel tanks take up most of fuselage
* More fuel tanks in wings

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M3 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 6 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (300 rpg = 1,800 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M65A1 Fin M129 (1,000 lb)|HVAR}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 16 x HVAR rockets
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (2,000 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

Speed is everything. Reach around 1000 kph and then 10 to 20 degree climb then level out before dropping below 750 km/h IAS.

Watch out for planes like F-86F-2 Sabres and Hunters. These two you'll see the most and they will see you as a big threat since you pretty much out-perform them in every aspect. Destroy them before they pose any threat to you.

The CL-13's energy fighting capabilities outperform most if not all enemies of the same BR. Engagements should always occur on your terms, if you are in a bad situation make use of the Mk. 5's acceleration and roll rate to pull away if possible, then re-engage in an advantageous position.

The Mk.5's main pitfall is its lacklustre armament of six M3 machine guns. Often, sustained fire is the only way to down an enemy short of a pilot snipe. Snapshots will often result in a few hits and an enemy still very much in the fight. However, the high velocity and large ammo count makes accuracy a secondary concern. Pilots should not hesitate to douse their enemies in a hail of machine gun fire, as even a few hits can cripple the enemy and open them up for a second, fatal pass. Engaging in head-on passes with enemies sometimes leads to success owing to the velocity of the M3s, but pilots should be careful to start firing at significant distance and peel off before the 1.0 km mark to avoid enemy fire. Whilst dogfighting, the best shot of finishing engagements lies in exploiting the CL-13's energy superiority and forcing the enemy to bleed speed to the point where they are sitting ducks for your guns. This should not come at the cost of losing one's own speed, however, as the Mk. 5's high speed manoeuvrability falls off very quickly and can leave you as the sitting duck instead.

===Radars===

The CL-13A Mk 5 is equipped with an AN/APG-30 rangefinding radar, located in the nose of the aircraft.
It will automatically detect other planes within the scanning area and display the range to the closest target. It is linked with a gyro gunsight and can help with aiming at close range.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AN/APG-30 - Rangefinding radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 2,750 m || 300 m || ±9° || ±9°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent roll rate at all speeds
* Flying tail elevator provides insane manoeuvrability at higher speeds
* High velocity heavy machine gun armament
* High rate of fire .50 cal M3 machine guns
* Turn rate is very good (not better than F-86A-5/F-40 Sabre)
* Very good climb rate against all jets
* Better acceleration than most 9.0 jets, accelerating more than any other Sabre in game
* All round aircraft (good at AB, RB, and SB)

'''Cons:'''

* Low speed manoeuvrability worse than earlier jets
* Installed boosters breaks your wings if pulled over 12 G
* Weak landing gears
* Its excessive flight performance very often causes overconfidence, which can prove deadly

== History ==


=== The CL-13 Series ===
The CL-13 series of aircraft were built by Canadair under licence from North American Aviation. These fighters would be operated by Canada until 1958, and a variety of other nations until much later, with the last variants being retired by the Pakistani Air Force in 1980. There were two major production runs of the aircraft. The first, the Mk. 2 and Mk. 4's with just under 1,000 built, were very similar to their US counterparts, with minor differences. The second run, the Mk. 5's and Mk. 6's of similar numbers, were patterned on the later versions North American Sabre, with larger wings for improved maneuverability. The major difference lay in the replacement of the General Electric J47 engine with the locally-designed more-powerful Avro Canada Orenda. The Mk. 6, with a more powerful two-stage version of the Orenda and improved control surfaces, is generally considered the best of all Sabre variants.

=== The CL-13 Mk. 5 ===
On 30 July 1953, the first Sabre Mk.5 flew with the Orenda 10 engine, which gave it a clear rate of climb and ceiling advantage over earlier variants. This improvement was accompanied by a new oxygen system and superior maneuverability and low-speed characteristics achieved by increasing the wing chord by six in. (15.2 cm) at the root and three in. (7.2 cm) at the wing tip. The aircraft also made use of a small vertical wing fence, a modification originated by North American on the F-86F, which dramatically improved maneuverability. Earlier variants of the CL-13 were equipped with leading edge wing slats that were removed in the Mk.5, leading to increased landing speed and considerably degraded low speed handling. The increase in engine power also came at the cost of range, a full 20 percent less than that of the F-86F. Canadair built 370 Mk. 5s with the majority designated to replace older Sabre variants in RCAF air squadrons.

=== Service in the Luftwaffe ===
In 1956 the newly-revived West German Luftwaffe ordered 225 Canadair [[CL-13B Mk.6|CL-13 Mk. 6]]<nowiki/>s to outfit 3 day-fighter wings. In advance of the delivery, 75 retired Royal Canadian Air Force Mk. 5s were supplied to the training unit Waffenschule 10 to facilitate the conversion of pilots to the Sabre. By April of 1960 about 25 of these aircraft remained airworthy, down from a peak of 65 in early 1959. All of the remaining Mk. 5s were scrapped or sold by March of 1962.<ref>http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/p86_22.html</ref>

The pilot with most kills in history - [https://wiki.warthunder.com/User:U64962917#Hartmann.2C_Erich_A. Erich Hartmann] - flew this aircraft.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Related development

* Canadair [[F-86 (Family)|Sabre]] (those Sabres manufactured with the designator "CL")
* North American [[F-86 (Family)|F-86A/F]]
* North American [[F-86K (France)|F-86D]] Sabre
* North American [[F-100D|F-100]] Super Sabre
* North American [[FJ-4B|FJ-4]] Fury

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Dassault [[Super Mystere B2|Super Mystère]]
* Grumman [[F9F-8|F-9]] Cougar
* Hawker [[Hunter F.1|Hunter]]
* Lavochkin [[La-15]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-15]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-17]]
* Saab [[J29D|J29]] Tunnan

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/272054-canadair-cl-13a-sabre-mk-v/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references />

{{AirManufacturer Canadair}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

Spitfire Mk Vb

2021-06-04T04:24:37Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ Changed "Important" to "Adequate". I deemed important is not an appropriate word in such context.

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the tropical version
| link-1 = Spitfire Mk Vb/trop
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_mk5b_notrop
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_spitfire_mk5b_notrop.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.77 "Advancing Storm"]].

The Spitfire fills the turn-fighter class in the British line. It can perform many fighting tactics, such as energy fighting as well as turn-fighting. It has an impressive climb rate and turn time.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Mk V variants of the Spitfire series do not have the upgraded Merlin 61 engine, but instead the Merlin 45 and thus may have poorer performance compared to the [[Spitfire F Mk IX]]. Its wings can sustain a lot of stress, keeping still at steep dives and tight turns. Its control surfaces are large which means it has considerable control even at higher speeds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,878 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 560 || 542 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.4 || 18.0 || 13.6 || 13.6 || rowspan="2" | 340
|-
! Upgraded
| 619 || 589 || 16.1 || 16.5 || 24.3 || 18.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 230 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 450
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,900 m || 1,190 hp || 1,583 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 3 mm Steel - Armour plating around ammunition cases (each wing)
* 3 mm Steel - Armour plating propeller hub
* 1 mm Steel - Fore cockpit armour plate
* 4 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
* 7 mm Steel - Armour plate behind the pilot
* 6 mm Steel - Pilot's headrest
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

20 mm ground target belts are essential for dealing effective damage to enemy aircraft. The radiator upgrade is extremely useful in combating overheating. Other manoeuvrability upgrades are useful for turn fighting.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Browning .303 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (60 rpg = 120 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning .303 machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 1,400 total)

== Usage in battles ==


The Spitfire Mk Vb fills the role of an aerial superiority fighter in the British tier III lineup. It cannot fulfil any ground attack duties due to its low ammunition count and the absence of any heavy machine guns which can penetrate a tank's thin roof armour. In addition, the aircraft cannot carry any bombs or other air-to-ground ordnance. Like most Spitfires, the Spitfire Mk Vb is meant to be used as a pure aerial superiority fighter, while fighter-bomber duties are relegated to other aircraft, such as the [[Beaufighter (Family)|Beaufighter]] series.

The Spitfire Mk Vb is a well-rounded fighter that can turn excellently. When the plane is not fully upgraded, the Spitfire Mk Vb's Merlin-45 engine has less power than the Merlin-XII engine of the [[Spitfire Mk IIb]]. However, once all engine upgrades have been acquired the Merlin-45 is easily a superior engine with better cooling and power, blessing this variant of the Spitfire with better energy retention, better energy retention and better cooling than the Mk I and II Spitfires. The Spitfire Mk Vb has outstanding energy retention and easily gains speed in a dive and retains it after pulling out into more level flight. In addition, it does not lose speed too quickly in a turn and thanks to outstanding acceleration from the Merlin-45, the aircraft easily accelerates after pulling high-G turns that initially bled large amounts of speed. However, the newer, more powerful, and heavier engine and airframe means that the aircraft cannot turn as tightly or as fast as its predecessors.

The Spitfire Mk Vb/trop is armed with two pairs of British .303s with 350 rounds per gun and two Hispano Mk.II cannons with 60 rounds per gun. With such a low ammo count, the cannons should be used sparingly, and at close range. The lower-calibre machine guns may be fired independently of the cannons in order to range the enemy and determine the necessary lead.

Experienced Spitfire Mk Vb pilots use close convergence ranges. Generally, the best convergence range for a Spitfire is 300 metres, since the plane fights best at close-range. The basic strategy that many Spitfire pilots use is a tactic whereby they bait head-ons from enemy aircraft, before evading, and turning around to put shots into the target at close range while the enemy is pulling away. When the Spitfire has the initiative in the engagement and has successfully manoeuvred onto a six-o-clock aspect, it is nearly impossible for the enemy to regain the advantage. Using clever management of the throttle and manoeuvres to gain or bleed energy, an experienced pilot can stay on an opponent's six o'clock indefinitely.

This Spitfire has a good turn time compared to its opposition and cannot be out-turned by anything save for the Japanese Zero. However, the plane has low manoeuvrability at low speeds, and a tendency to lock up in high-speed dives.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent turn rate
* Adequate climb rate
* Structurally strong, will survive sharp turns
* Engine temperature is easy to control with cooldown from red to white only taking 10-20 seconds
* 20 mm cannons easily destroy enemy fighters

'''Cons:'''

* Low cannon ammunition count of 60 rounds per gun, requiring trigger discipline
* Guns are wing-mounted, requiring setting an appropriate convergence
* Water overheats extremely quickly when using WEP
* In an up-tier, some Bf 109s will have a significantly better climb rate

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
A single-seat, single-engine all-metal monoplane fighter. After the Mk II and two more experimental variants of the Spitfire, the next major variant to see mass production was the Spitfire Mk V. Central to this new Spitfire was its engine – the 1470 HP Rolls Royce Merlin 45. This was equipped with a single stage supercharger and, coupled with a new carburettor design, allowed the Mk V to perform zero G manoeuvres without starving the fuel flow to the engine; a problem which had plagued earlier models of the Spitfire. The engine change necessitated strengthening the engine housing and installing a more effective oil radiator with a circular rather than U-shaped housing, and fitting two strengthening longerons to the upper surfaces of each wing.

The Mk V initially followed a similar pattern to the Mk I and Mk II in that it was fitted either with the Type A or Type B wing, again carrying eight machine guns or two cannon and four machine guns respectively. Less than 100 of the Mk VA were produced; it would be the Mk VB with its formidable 20mm cannon and four machine guns which would be the major production model, with 3911 VBs manufactured.

Some of the fighters were made for tropical climate conditions: a Vokes filter was installed over the carburettor air intake, under the engine. It was covered by special "lips" which helped prevent excessive dust intake, but at the cost of top speed and rate of climb. This variant was named the Spitfire Mk VB/Trop and was used in the Mediterranean theatre of operations, especially North Africa and Malta.

The first Mk Vs entered combat in February of 1941. The improved power and performance characteristics of the Spitfire Mk V made it a competitive match for the new German Messerschmitt Bf109F, but it was found to be inferior to the new Focke-Wulf FW190. As a result, the Spitfire Mk V was the first variant to experiment with the option of clipped wing tips, which increased the aircraft's roll rate and top speed at low level, but sacrificed its rate of climb.

The Mk V formed the backbone of RAF Fighter Command across several theatres of operations, and was considered by some pilots to be the definitive model of the Spitfire.

=== Notable pilots ===
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Douglas_Bader_profile.jpg|thumb|none|220px|User:U64962917#Bader,_Douglas_R.S.B.|'''[[User:U64962917#Bader,_Douglas_R.S.B.|Douglas Bader]]''' flew the '''Spitfire Mk Va''' which differed from the '''Mk Vb''' in that the Vb had two 20 mm cannons and the Va did not, instead two more .303 machine guns on each wing for eight total.]] </li>
</ul></div>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=spitfire_mk5b_notrop Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5371-development-spitfire-mk-v-model-update-and-new-modifications-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Spitfire Mk.V: model update and new modifications]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/402786-supermarine-spitfire-mk-vb/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Firecrest

2021-06-04T00:25:09Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=b_48_firecrest
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_b_48_firecrest.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a squadron rank {{Specs|rank}} British strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]] as one of the first Squadron vehicles. It represents the attempt to develop an improved naval aircraft from the troubled [[Firebrand TF Mk IV|Blackburn Firebrand]].

In reality only 3 prototypes were ever made, since the arrival of improved technologies such as the jet engine halted any major development of war birds with piston engines after the Second World War.

However, in-game, everyone's got a chance with the Firecrest. It could be considered as a hybrid between the Firebrand and a [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair]], due to its gull shaped wings, durability, powerful engine and beautiful sleek appearance! Howbeit, it has other traits that make this plane well suited for the naval environment of War Thunder.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


Once upgraded and spaded, the Firecrest is able to go anywhere it must go. Climbing to the sky or speeding steadily to a target. It all can be achieved.

The Bristol Centaurus 59 engine producing 2,475 hp is able to accelerate pretty quickly, something needed for sea and carrier landing and takeoff operations. This allows the plane to climb consistently to 6 km of altitude where the max speed can also be achieved while conserving all the manoeuvrability due to the supercharger and a great roll rate.

If necessary it can dive very fast and possesses air brakes for handling such speeds with ease. It does not turn that well horizontally but the skilled control of combat flaps and the airbrakes can prove adequate in several instances.

It's recommended to engage planes without carrying ordnance to maximize the flight performance, particularly the torpedo load.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,791 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 587 || 568 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.1 || 25.0 || 15.4 || 15.4 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 636 || 608 || 21.9 || 23.0 || 23.6 || 19.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 430 || 404 || 272 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 460 || < 450 || < 450 || > 330
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The pilots should note that no armour protection is present, this will limit the ability to tolerate heavy fire since any armour-piercing bullet is capable of going through the entire plane. The strongest and yet the more vulnerable part of the plane is the engine. No head-on engagements or attacking bombers are advised since the radial engine with the pilot can be easily taken out.

Separately, the fuselage is quite resilient and sleek. This can often ricochet fire that would otherwise hit the spars and inflict greater damage. The only thing protecting the pilot from behind aside from the fuselage is a fuel tank.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Pilots should focus on improving most of the flight performance first then the payloads, since this plane won't perform like it should when stock. Rockets, bombs and torpedoes should be secondary.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M3 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

Here's the main difficulty of the Firecrest: its offensive armament.

The M3 Browning machine guns are amazing for quick and precise attack. They will inflict severe damage or ignite the enemy plane, mainly because of the rapid fire of the 2 machine guns. What pilots should be constantly alert about, is the ammo counter, since these machine guns will deplete all the ammo very quickly.

Fixing a convergence up to the preference of attack and having the right ammo belt is necessary, as the low ammo input does not allow for long bursts or consecutive leading shots. It's also relevant to ''note that such machine guns are generally only available on American jets'' such as the '''[[F-86A-5|Sabres]]''' and '''[[F-84 (Family)|Thunderjets]]''', thus making the Firecrest one of the few piston planes with such machine guns!

'''Most notable/useful ammo belts'''

* '''Tracers''': These bullets are completely visible, they will help to adapt with the ballistics of this unique machine gun for the British. They will start a lot of fires thanks to all the bullets being API-T (Armour-piercing incendiary tracer) with a good 23 mm of armour penetration.
* '''Default''': This ammo belt offers 2 types of incendiary ammunition, while it also carries full solid AP bullets. This increases the penetration damage for spars, armour plates or engines while also being able to make the rival plane burn.
* '''Ground targets''': This belt is not commended for anything heavier than light tanks or fully enclosed vehicles, as only a section of it carries full AP bullets. This performs as an all-purpose belt due to the large diversity of bullets that conform it. Great if required to engage all kinds of targets, ceding less ammo count of a specific type.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|RP-3|18 inch Mark XV (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 450 mm (18 inch) Mark XV torpedo
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

'''[[RP-3|RP-3 rockets]]''': These are exceptional for many objectives. They have good armour penetration, moderate velocity and satisfactory amount of explosive mass when matched to contemporaries as US's [[HVAR]] or the Soviet's [[RBS-132]].

Appropriate for most tanks excluding some heavy tanks like the Soviet KV series or the German captured variant, the KV I C 756 with a very tough turret of 105 mm. Targeting at the top of these tanks is suggested. Naval objectives such as patrol boats can be annihilated in one single shot; a real spectacle. Destroyers or anything heavier could withstand more damage, but their modules and crew will be decimated by these rockets.

'''500 lb G.P Bombs''': They involve some skills at the moment of delivery since the lethal range for armoured targets is only of 4 m. For naval targets the lethal range is less of a drawback but the actual obstacle is dropping such bombs over AA covered ships. Pilots should note that these bombs might not consistently be enough to sink destroyers or anything bigger.

'''Mark XV torpedo''': It's when everything else doesn't seem enough that the torpedo joins into action. This ultimate ship destroyer is very capable and usually one sole hit is enough. What is more important, is the way to deliver the torpedo without sacrificing the plane.

== Usage in battles ==


The Firecrest is an experimental torpedo bomber with average capacities. It has low anti-air effectiveness in Air Arcade battles due to rather clumsy manoeuvring and no armour protection. A good pilot is needed to fully exploit the handy machine guns this plane is armed with. It has a place in Ground Realistic Battles, thanks to its payload capacities and the extremely powerful 8 x RP-3 rockets. However its best place is in Naval Battles, where is possible to engage more freely in wider spaces and make use of the full ordnance capacities (once the Mark XV torpedo is unlocked for use). Due to the lacklustre firepower when stock, one of the recommended ways to gain the necessary research points for unlocking modules is to simply attack AI targets like artillery and trucks, then tanks as the 500 lb bombs are unlocked prior to the torpedoes.

'''Naval Battles'''

Once the torpedoes are unlocked, the Firecrest performs similarly to other torpedo bombers of the rank. One of the outstanding traits is in its high survivability that can help in destroying one target if the tactics are played to the plane's strength (the good roll is perfect for low altitude flying). Aim towards destroyers or cruisers as they are larger targets that are easier to hit and prioritize the vessels that are threatening allies on the seas. However, try to ensure that the enemy ship is occupied with attacking surface targets so that their anti-air armament is not focused on the Firecrest to allow for some breathing room to position for an attack run.

'''Encounter mode''' proves to be one of the best for this plane. Here will be possible to infiltrate by the sides at low-level flight behind the enemies to the cargo ships, and release a torpedo from a safe distance. Always keeping in mind the torpedo drop requirements and the target. Is possible to risk a bit more if equipping bombs, but a tactic that might also work is to skip the bombs to the cargo ship swiftly retreating in the same direction, in a tactic that is known as ''Skip bombing''.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

The main aspects of using MEC with this aircraft are the Supercharger and Radiators, since this will increase drastically the climb and high altitude performance as well as the dive speed and energy retention.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire of M3 Browning provides rapid damage output
* Default ammo for M3s are better than other Default belts (AP incendiary tracers, AP, and incendiary)
* Good top speed overall with decent acceleration
* Respectably durable
* Has RP-3s and bombs against ground targets
* Good all altitude performance
* Excellent high speed control
* Has airbrakes (can be used as a dive bomber)
* Interceptor spawn
* Excellent roll rate
* Above average stock performance
* [[18 inch Mark XV (450 mm)|Mark XV]] torpedo is effective against ships

'''Cons:'''

* Not very manoeuvrable, especially at low speeds
* Only 300 rounds per machine gun; trigger discipline is needed
* Only 2 [[M3 Browning (12.7 mm)|Browning M3]] machine guns result in rather limited firepower
* Limited payload options compared to Firebrand and contemporary naval planes of the Fleet Air Arm
* Large engine is vulnerable to incoming fire
* No armour; not recommended to engage bombers
* Most dedicated fighters will run circles around the plane
* Large target
* Machineguns, bombs and rockets all on wings, not in line with the fuselage
* [[RP-3]] rockets are rather underwhelming
* Vulnerable to ship anti-air gunners

== History ==


The Blackburn Firecrest was a British Torpedo Strike Fighter, derived from the earlier [[Firebrand TF Mk IV|Blackburn Firebrand]] but designed from the outset as a torpedo strike fighter. Designed to the S.28/43 specification set by the Admiralty on February 26th 1943 for a 'Firebrand Torpedo Fighter with improved wing and improved pilot view', the Firecrest was designed with a number of issues of the Firebrand in mind. Specifically, effort was done to produce a type which had improved forward visibility to facilitate deck landings, and which had better lateral control at landing speeds. The design specification also called for the Firecrest to be powered by a Bristol Centaurus 77 engine powering a contra-rotating propeller.

Early on during its design, the Admiralty also ordered three prototypes which would have been driven by the Napier E.122 24-cylinder H-block engine, a 3500 hp development of the Napier Sabre used on the original Firebrand. However, it was soon found that in order to maintain an acceptable center of gravity, the heavy Napier engine would have to be installed behind the cockpit, which would require an extensive redesign and add considerable weight to the aircraft. As a result, the Napier E.122 powered variant was cancelled in October of 1945 before metal was cut on any of their prototypes. Just before completion of the design, the Centaurus 77 variant with its contra-rotating propeller was cancelled in January of 1946, and it was replaced by a 2,825 hp Centaurus 57 with a conventional five-bladed propeller. The first of three completed prototypes of the Firecrest flew on April 1st 1947.

The Firecrest differed from the Firebrand in having a cockpit that was set higher and more forward than that of the Firebrand, which combined with a shortened nose did improve the forward visibility during deck landing. A redesigned inverted gull wing conceptually not unlike that of the Vought Corsair did much to improve the type's low speed handling and take off characteristics: even at full weight, take-off was possible in just under 430 ft with a 29 mph headwind; its landing run was an impressive 390 ft with a 5 mph headwind. With its conventional five-bladed propeller, the Firecrest's top speed lay at 380 mph, some 38 mph faster than the Firebrand despite weighing slightly more. Unlike the Firebrand which used hand-folded wings, the Firecrest had power-assisted folding wings with a double fold.

However, it soon became apparent that the Firecrest was even more sluggish in handling than the Firebrand, that the design in itself did not give any distinct advantages over the Firebrand or the newly developed [[Wyvern_S4|Westland Wyvern]], and that it was less versatile than types such as the [[Firefly_FR_Mk_V|Fairey Firefly]] or [[Sea_Fury_FB_11|Hawker Sea Fury]]. As a result, all development work on the Firecrest ceased in September of 1947, with the second prototype only being used for structural testing, and the third prototype used to test the power-boosted ailerons which were eventually fitted to the Firebrand TF.5A. All three prototypes were bought back by Blackburn in 1950, and scrapped in 1952.

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|qoZv-sA80aI|'''Squadron Vehicles''' discusses the Firecrest at 02:10 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


'''Related Development:'''

* [[Firebrand TF Mk IV]]

'''Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era:'''

* [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair (Family)]]
* [[Firefly FR Mk V]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/457979-b48-firecrest/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Blackburn_Firecrest|[Wikipedia] Blackburn Firecrest]]
* [https://www.baesystems.com/en/heritage/blackburn-b-48-firecrest <nowiki>[BAE Systems]</nowiki> Blackburn B-48 Firecrest]

{{AirManufacturer Blackburn}}
{{Britain strike aircraft}}
{{Squadron aircraft}}

Concept 3

2021-06-02T23:14:36Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_concept3_ngac
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OQF Mk.II (77 mm)}}
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OQF Mk.II (77 mm)|77 mm OQF Mk.II]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 60 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.6 || AP || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
| Shot Mk.4 || APC || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
| Shot Mk.8 || APCBC || ___ || _.__ || __ || _._ || ___ || __° || __° || __°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''60''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)}}
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Browning MG4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| || ___ (___) || ___ || __° || __°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Fast fire rate
* Excellent penetration for the battle rating
* High speed
* Good acceleration
* Above average handling

*

'''Cons:'''

* Cannot turn on the spot
* Weak armour
* Vulnerable to aircraft, SPAAs and [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|Browning 50 calibre]] machine guns found on the [[Sherman|Shermans]].
* Loss of performance on rough terrain
* Large size for an armoured car
* Painful stock grind - gun is very inaccurate

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain light tanks}}

Spitfire F Mk XVI

2021-05-31T04:39:05Z

U36317457: wing span-wise lift efficiency coefficient detail

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_xvi
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Spitfire F Mk XVI is a very unique plane with an awkwardly unique role and design. Virtually identical to the [[Spitfire LF Mk IX]], aside from the clipped wings and bubble cockpit, the Mk XVI combines the low-altitude capabilities of the aforementioned fighter with the fantastic roll, dive, and speed capabilities of the German [[Fw 190 (Family)|Focke-Wulfe 190 series]].

The Mk XVI possesses all the characteristics of the LF Mk IX regarding armament and performance at low-altitude. Low-altitude climb acceleration is fantastic, the climb rate is very good, and armament is extremely effective. The main distinguishing feature of the Mk XVI is its clipped wings. These wings give the Mk XVI some distinct advantages- a great roll rate and amazing dive and level speed and acceleration. The roll rate makes evasion a very easy task- rolling manoeuvres can easily evade most tail-end attacks by any fighter in the 4.0-6.0 BR range. Even more, the clipped wings of the XVI provide for very good low-altitude speed and acceleration performance- this fighter climbs like a rocket and dives like a hornet below 1,500 m.

However, the clipped wings can provide some significant disadvantages to flying, as well. Compared to similar Merlin Spitfires the turn rate is far worse, higher-altitude performance is abysmal, and climb performance is worse, though marginally.

Weaponry is standard, except for the 2 x Browning M2 12.7 mm HMGs that replace the standard 4 x Browning .303 machine guns. As a matter of fact, the two M2s provide a significant increase in firepower. When equipped with Universal or Stealth belts they provide excellent "soft" ground target dispatching performance while proving effective at setting fires due to their high incendiary content. As with most of the Spitfire line, the Mk XVI possesses 2 x Hispano-Suiza Mk.II 20 mm cannons which are highly effective against most fighters, especially when utilising the "Air Targets" or "Stealth" belts.

Thus, the Spitfire F Mk XVI is not a suitable Boom & Zoom nor high-altitude fighter; it works best as a low-altitude fighter-bomber that can effectively take out ground targets while providing good fighter cover. Boom and Run is by far the best-recommended tactic.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,098 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 624 || 605 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.0 || 21.8 || 17.5 || 17.5 || rowspan="2" | 390
|-
! Upgraded
| 683 || 651 || 18.7 || 19.8 || 29.2 || 22.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 500
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,400 m || 1,380 hp || 1,766 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 7,200 m || 1,190 hp || 1,523 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 4 mm Steel plate in pilot's seat
* 3-7 mm Steel plate behind the pilot
* 6 mm Steel plate in front of liquid cooling system
* 1 mm Steel plate in front of fuel tanks
* 3 mm Steel boxes around wing ammunition

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (135 rpg = 270 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (260 rpg = 520 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Spitfire F Mk XVI tailing.jpg|thumb|400px|A concerned [[Fw 190 (Family)|Fw 190]] pilot watching the {{PAGENAME}} tailing him.]]

The Spitfire F Mk XVI is quite unique with its clipped wings. These give this version of the Spitfire a distinct advantage in roll rate, dive performance, and level top speed. However, they reduce the plane's ability to turn, and unlike other Merlin Spitfires this one is only average in its turning ability. Thankfully, it retains a good rate of climb, even if it is not as high as that of the unclipped Spitfire variants. In addition, the clipped wings reduce lift at high altitudes, so performance is best when closer to sea level.

Thanks to a great roll rate, this Spitfire is very capable in defensive manoeuvres, and although turn rate is decreased, the boost in roll speed make this a great dogfighter as well.

This vehicle maximizes its performance at low altitudes. Below 1500 m, it has an incredible rate of climb, very good top speed and acceleration, great dive performance, and generally outmatches its opponents. Still, there are some American and German planes that can outspeed and outdive this plane (especially since it locks up and may rip at high speeds), and the unclipped Merlin Spitfires outclimb this one.

This plane is equipped with 2 x 20 mm cannons and 2 x 12.7 mm machine guns. These are effective against fighters but may struggle against large planes such as heavy bombers. They can't destroy well-armoured ground targets, but can destroy lightly armoured ground targets and open-topped vehicles. Since all of these guns are wing-mounted, convergence should be kept in mind. A good convergence setting is usually between 300 and 500 m. Since cannon ammunition is somewhat limited, firing the 12.7 mm machine guns alone can be a good way to visualize the lead required to shoot enemies at longer ranges.

The Spitfire can also mount 2 x 250 lb bombs for destroying ground targets. These are quite small and must be aimed precisely to destroy the target. While this plane can be used in Ground Realistic battles, the fact that it can only carry 2 small bombs reduces its anti-ground capabilities. Instead, this plane can work as an air-superiority fighter in mixed battles.

The Spitfire F Mk XVI can rightly be considered a jack of all trades. It has some limited ground-attack capacity, decent guns, and flight characteristics that don't stand out in any one aspect. With a great roll rate; good dive and climb performance; and good energy retention, speed, and acceleration; this vehicle is a great low-altitude fighter as long as its weaknesses are understood.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good climb rate, albeit lower than non-clipped wing variants
* Great roll rate
* Great dive acceleration
* Better dive speed than other Merlin Spitfires
* Better turning ability that most of its German and American counterparts
* New M2 HMGs are far more effective than the Browning .303s
* Good 20 mm cannons
* Ability to mount bombs for a ground attack option
* Slightly better simulator visibility due to its bubble cockpit
* Stock parts are not as bad as some other rank IV or V planes, such as the P-51D-5, Ki-84 and Late Bf109s

'''Cons:'''

* Worse turning ability than all other Merlin Spitfires
* Worse dive speed than its German and American counterparts
* Poor performance at high altitude
* Relatively low rip speed (650 km/h)
* Low wing span-wise lift efficiency coefficient when at high altitudes or speeds under 200 mph (320 km/h)

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
The Supermarine Spitfire was a British single-engine, all-metal, low-wing monoplane fighter. Various modifications served as fighters, interceptors, high-altitude fighters, fighter-bombers and reconnaissance aircraft.

The Mk XVI variant was very similar to the Mk IX; however, it was powered by a US-manufactured Packard Merlin 266 engine. A total of 1,054 Spitfires of this variant were produced. All production variants had the distinguishing feature of low-altitude clipped wings and a cut down rear fuselage and bubble canopy for increased visibility. The clipped wings increased the roll rate and top speed due to a reduction in drag, but sacrificed some of the fighter's rate of climb. This, coupled with an engine optimised for efficiency in denser air made the Mk XVI ideally suited to combat at lower altitudes.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=spitfire_xvi Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MNacjyimuCQ|'''The Shooting Range #95''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:57 discusses the Spitfire F Mk XVI.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341986-supermarine-spitfire-lfmkxvie/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Spitfire F Mk XIVe

2021-05-26T22:35:37Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ further improvements

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the premium version
| link-1 = Spitfire FR Mk XIVe
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_mk14e
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.41]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,537 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 690 || 670 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.5 || 19.2 || 19.1 || 19.1 || rowspan="2" | 400
|-
! Upgraded
| 767 || 723 || 16.7 || 17.4 || 32.7 || 24.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 500
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,100 m || 1,510 hp || 2,150 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,100 m || 1,340 hp || 1,852 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 4 mm Steel plates in pilot's seat.
* 4-7 mm Steel plates behind the pilot.
* 3 mm Steel boxes around the wing ammunition.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate between fuel tanks.
* 6 mm Steel plate in front of liquid cooling system.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (135 rpg = 270 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, wing-mounted (260 rpg = 520 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 500 lb G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV bomb (500 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Spitfire F Mk XIVe, being outfitted with a Griffon engine, does not have as stellar of a climb rate as its Merlin engine counterparts. However, it still does have a very competitive rate of climb, and can usually come out above all but a few opponents. With such an altitude advantage, the pilot is able to choose which engagements to pursue, and the ability to choose engagements wisely is necessary. Since dogfighting in the Spitfire can involve prolonged turn-fights, make sure that no other enemies are nearby, or that if there are, that they can be dealt with by teammates. This plane's engines gives it great acceleration, and it also accelerates well in dives. Be careful though, since at very high speeds, sharp manoeuvres may cause the wings to snap.

As far as maoeuvrability goes, the Spitfire is still very good at turning, especially at high altitudes. It also has a good roll rate, making rolling scissors maoeuvres a viable tactic in dogfights.

With these flight characteristics, the Spitfire is a sort of jack of all trades. It can turnfight well, of course, but it can also boom and zoom or energy fight with much success. However, the plane does have some drawbacks. For one, the powerful engine is prone to overheating, so throttle and WEP management may be necessary. Additionally, performance at low altitudes can be inadequate in certain situations. Finally, the only ordnance that the plane can carry is a single 500 lb bomb. While this can certainly destroy an enemy tank in ground realistic battles, precise aim is required to do so consistently, and the one bomb is the only anti-tank weapon that the plane has. Still, it excels in an anti-fighter role in ground RB; its excellent manoeuvrability is well suited for the gamemode's tendency to involve one on one dogfights.

The Spitfire F Mk XIVe carries a fairly standard ammunition count: not particularly high and not very low. It's possible to spray a little bit, but it is also wise to keep an eye on your ammo count, and to preserve ammunition if possible.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good at turning, especially at high altitude
* Excellent climb rate
* Very powerful engine that provides a very good acceleration
* Very good dive rate
* Good roll rate
* Very accurate guns when modifications have been researched and equipped
* Lots of ammo for cannons and machine guns
* Can perform turn-fights, Boom-and-Zoom and energy fighting equally
* Effective counter to high-altitude fighters (Ta 152, G.56, etc.)
* Bubble-style canopy offers excellent visibility for simulator battles

'''Cons:'''

* Poor performance and manoeuvrability at low altitude
* No combat flaps configuration
* Gear and landing flaps rip easily: safe landings must be approached very slowly
* Oil and water overheat quickly
* Guns perform inadequately when stock
* Insufficient close air support payload options
* Inadequate armament for hunting heavy bombers like the [[B-17G-60-VE]] or the [[G8N1]]
* Poor wing lift coefficient when at high altitude, low speeds and stock

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
The Supermarine Spitfire Mk.XIV was a single engine, single seat fighter which served with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. In 1941 the Spitfire Mk.IV was the first Spitfire to be trialed with the new Rolls Royce Griffon engine. By the time the Griffon Spitfire entered service with the RAF in February 1943, subsequent modifications had redesignated the aircraft as the Spitfire Mk.XII. As successful as this new Spitfire was at low altitudes, the Mk.XII's performance was actually inferior to the Merlin engine Mk.IX at medium and high altitudes. Thus, the Spitfire Mk.XIV entered service as an interim fix. Fitted with a Rolls Royce Griffon 65 with two-stage supercharger producing 2050 hp, the Mk.XIV immediately corrected many of the performance shortcomings suffered by the Mk.XII. The fuselage was strengthened to harness the powerful engine and a five bladed Rotol propeller replaced the earlier four bladed examples. Early models were fitted with the Type C wing although later Mk.XIVs were equipped with the Type E wing housing two 20mm Hispano cannons and two .50 caliber Browning machine guns or four 20mm cannons, as well as a high visibility teardrop canopy. A common modification to the Mk.XIV was the clipped wing, which increased roll rate and gave a marginal increase to speed, but at the most of rate of climb.

The Spitfire Mk.XIV entered service with Nos. 91, 322 and 610 Squadrons in southeast England where it saw notable success as an interceptor against V-1 Flying Bombs but also as part of the 2nd Tactical Air Force in operations over occupied Europe. Spitfire Mk.XIVs were also planned for use in the Far East but whilst a number of airframes were shipped to Burma, none were operational before the end of the war. The Spitfire Mk.XIV met mixed reviews from its pilots; whilst there was no doubt of the huge performance increase the new variant offered, it was uncomfortable to fly and lacked the balance and control harmonization of earlier Merlin engine Spitfires. Just under 1000 Spitfire Mk.XIVs were produced with exports being employed by the Air Forces of India, Belgium and Thailand.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=spitfire_mk14e Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|YrotBJk-VYk|'''The Shooting Range #124''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:28 discusses the Griffons.|MNacjyimuCQ|'''The Shooting Range #95''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 03:42 discusses the Spitfire F Mk XIVe.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341988-supermarine-spitfire-fmkxive/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Eland 90 Mk.7

2021-05-26T22:35:25Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ Increased detail

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_eland_90_mk_7
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

The Eland 90 Mk.7 is a light reconnaissance armoured car, built in 1962 by South Africa as a domestic variant of the French armoured car, the [[AML-90|Panhard AML-90]].

While the diminutive size and unpretentious look can be deceiving, this armoured car is sure to be one of the most agreeable light vehicles in the British ground forces. This combination of a remarkably mobile and small chassis plus satisfactory firepower is otherwise rarely found in British light vehicles; similarly to the reliable [[Crusader III]] and equal to the uncommon [[AEC Mk II|AEC Mk.II]].

Meanwhile, Eland's weak armour is a problem for survival thus players will have to rely on flanking, scouting or ambushing tactics when engaging heavier armour.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=139|rbMinHp=80}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|GT-2 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[GT-2 (90 mm)|90 mm GT-2]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 29 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 23.8 || 32.9 || 40.0 || 44.2 || 47.1 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.9 || 17.5 || 21.3 || 23.5 || 25.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OCC 60-62 || HEATFS || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320 || 320
|-
| OE 90 F1 || HE || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13 || 13
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OCC 60-62 || HEATFS || 750 || 8.95 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 877.7 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OE 90 F1 || HE || 640 || 10.45 || 0 || 0.1 || 945 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| OFUM PH90-F2 || 640 || 10.2 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''29''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Browning MG4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Browning MG4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,600 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (250) || 500 || -10°/+17° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility and acceleration with a dynamic reverse speed, even when stock
* Small size; perfect for ambushes
* 90 mm HEATFS provides great penetration; even more than the APDS found on the similarly ranked [[FV4202]]
* Smoke shells and smoke grenades to enhanced protection and support role
* More lenient playstyle than the previous Ratel IFVs, thanks to reduced size while conserving firepower and mobility
* Small size significantly reduces probability of overpressure death via [[Artillery Support|artillery]] (unlike on the [[Ratel 90]] and [[Ratel 20|20]])
* APHE(C/BC/CBC) rounds often do not meet the threshold for fuse sensitivity, often leading to over-penetration
* It is essentially a slightly better [[AML-90]] - it has hydraulic brakes which allow for much needed reduction to braking distance

'''Cons:'''

* As a light wheeled vehicle, it has an unstable handling at high speed
* Its thin armour means it is easily destroyed by any calibre bigger than a heavy machine gun, making it particularly vulnerable to aircraft
* No stabilizer; the vehicle cannot effectively use the speed and firepower at the same time
* HEATFS damage is unreliable in some situations; the sensitivity of the fuse is the main concern
* Only 3 crew members and ammo tightly storage within, likely to be disabled in a single hit
* Wide turning radius (cannot turn on the spot due to lack of tracks)
* Awful handling off-road, especially on snow and desert maps like [[Tunisia]] or [[Finland]]
* Prior to researching "Brake System" modification it suffers insufficient braking power, amplified by the high power-to-weight ratio

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Vehicles with similar chassis

* [[AML-90]]

;Related service history

* [[Ratel 20]]
* [[T-34-85]]
* [[PT-76B]]
* [[T-54/55 (Family)]]
* [[Olifant Mk.1A]]

;Similar playstyle and role

* [[AEC Mk II]]
* [[Crusader III]]
* [[M3/M5 Stuart (Family)]]
* [[T18E2]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain light tanks}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Lincoln B Mk II

2021-05-25T21:03:50Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=lincoln_b2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British bomber {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.67 "Assault"]].

The Avro Lincoln is the final propeller bomber in the famous British heavy bomber line, and it doesn't pull its punches. It takes the tremendous 14,000 lb payload from the Lancaster series, upgrades the defensive armament so it can actually defend itself, and is fitted with four boosted Rolls-Royce Merlin 68's that can propel the Lincoln to a respectable top speed for a heavy bomber. Unfortunately it still lacks a ventral or belly gunner, which means it will have difficulty defending itself from attacks from below.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


For a heavy bomber, the Lincoln is quite a responsive machine. It turns relatively well and never feels as sluggish as its contemporaries, but is still vastly inferior to the myriad of fighters that will take any chance they can get to feast on the poor Lincoln.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,791 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 495 || 480 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 36.1 || 37.0 || 2.8 || 2.8 || rowspan="2" | 1,060
|-
! Upgraded
| 533 || 513 || 34.0 || 35.0 || 7.6 || 5.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 406 || 388 || 296 || ~4 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 440 || < 440 || < 310 || > 350
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,600 m || 1,400 hp || 1,792 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 6,800 m || 1,300 hp || 1,614 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6.35mm steel ammo boxes near each turret
* 8mm steel plate behind pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I (1,000 lb)|G.P. Mk.I (1,000 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 14 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (3,500 lb total)
* 14 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (7,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 14 x 1,000 lb M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I bombs (14,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.V cannons, dorsal turret (380 rpg = 760 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, nose turret (275 rpg = 550 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, tail turret (1,515 rpg = 3,030 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Lincoln plays similarly to how one would expect a British heavy bomber to; a slow, lumbering beast with a massive payload and mediocre defensive capabilities. Those who are comfortable with the Lancaster series will feel right at home with the Lincoln, as it is better in nearly every way possible. Altitude, speed and cloud cover are your best friends while flying the Lincoln, and its never a bad idea to have a few escort fighters around. Ideally, you should climb to around 5,000 - 6,000 m before beginning your run, turn your tail to any would-be attackers so you can light them up with your Hispanos, drop your bombs, then head back to base to reload your bombs for another run. Of course this strategy varies depending on your current situation and environment, but they all generally follow the same pattern.

However, there is a very specific and dangerous play style, but is also significantly more fun. This would be the '''''Gunship''''' style, where you fly low and bomb ground targets while supporting your fighters. This play style has two distinct advantages. Firstly, it covers your weak belly from harassment and results in fighters approaching you from above or, even better, directly behind you so that you may shred them with your guns. Secondly, it allows you to be closer to your allies so that if you do get swarmed, they can assist and potentially save you. Despite this, the '''''Gunship''''' style is very dangerous and other heavy bombers perform it better such as the [[B-29/Tu-4 (Family)|B-29/Tu-4]], [[He 177 A-5|He 177]], and [[G8N1]] due to their vastly superior defensive armaments and stronger airframes.

=== Specific Enemies Worth Noting ===
Being a relatively flimsy heavy bomber, anything with guns is enough to deal with you at this rank, but there are some specific ones you should take notice of.

==== American Aircraft ====
The specific aircraft you face will depend on which game mode you are playing on due to the large 0.7 BR discrepancy between the Arcade Lincoln and the Realistic Lincoln. In Arcade, you will mainly face the late [[P-51D-30|P-51D]] and [[F-82E]] as these two can easily climb to your altitude and literally light you up with their Browning .50 cals. The [[P-47M-1-RE|P-47M]] and [[P-47N-15|P-47N]] can also be nuisances with their octuple Browning setups, sturdy airframes and powerful engines that only get more powerful the higher they have to chase you. In Realistic, things start to get a bit difficult, as you will be put up against extremely powerful and fast super props that will destroy you without a second thought. The main American ones you will encounter are the dangerous [[P-51H-5-NA|P-51H]], [[F7F-1]] and the exceptionally ruthless [[F8F-1B]]. There is not much you can do versus these aircraft aside from hope, pray, and fire your guns.

==== German Aircraft ====
Britain versus Germany is a tale that stretches as far back as WW1, and their competitiveness when it comes to their aircraft shows this. The Lincoln will have to deal with quite a few deadly opponents that can shred it in seconds, namely the [[Bf 109 G-2/trop|G-2]], [[Bf 109 G-6|G-6]], [[Bf 109 G-10|G-10]] and [[Bf 109 K-4|K-4]] of the famed Bf 109 series, the [[Fw 190 D-9|D-9]] and [[Fw 190 D-12|D-12]]/[[Fw 190 D-13|D-13]] of the legendary Fw 190 series, and the [[Do 335 (Family)|Do 335]] family, all of which mount at least one MG 151 or MK 108 cannon that load the fearsome ''Minengeschoß'' round that doubles or triples their firepower. The 109's can be dealt with via pilot snipes and engine knock-outs, but the Dora 190's and Do 335's will be a bit tougher to destroy. Go for the engines on the Dora's and the wings on the Do 335's.

==== Russian Aircraft ====
Russia is unique in its air doctrine, as all but a select few of their fighters are spectacular at low altitudes but awful at high altitudes. The most prominent exception of this rule is the notorious [[I-225]], a modified MiG-3 that is the king of high altitude combat. It will outspeed anything above 6,000 m and beat them in the climb there as well, and mounts a quadruple ShVAK 20 mm setup that can easily destroy the Lincoln with a few well-aimed bursts to the wings. However, it has no bulletproof glass or armour so it is very susceptible to pilot snipes and engine blow-outs. When at low altitude, you should pay attention for the [[La-9]], a Modified La-7 that mounts extremely powerful 23 mm cannons and wont even need to score a critical hit to down you.

==== British Aircraft ====
While you will never have to face British aircraft in Realistic, Arcade posts this challenge. Britain has some extremely capable fighters at this tier that mount powerful guns and boast high speeds and impressive manoeuvrability. The [[Spitfire F Mk 22]] and [[Spitfire F Mk 24|Mk 24]] are highly dangerous opponents that are more than able to down you with their quad Hispano Mk.II's, and they can easily reach you at any altitudes thanks to the legendary Rolls-Royce Griffon that powers them. However, they are very weak in situations where they cant use their Griffon to the fullest, so try to aim for the engine to knock it out. The [[Hornet Mk.III]] is also a fairly dangerous aircraft, as it has superior speed to the Spitfires and a climb rate to rival them, while also mounting the improved Hispano Mk.V's. Despite its speed and armament, the Hornet is very flimsy due to its all-wooden construction, so it won't take many shots to down it.

==== Italian Aircraft ====
Although overlooked for their German counterparts, Italy has very capable fighters. The [[G.56]] is a G.55 mounted with a DB 603 engine which improves its performance and sports 3 MG 151 cannons that can wreck you in moments. Its airframe is relatively weak however, and the engine is easily damaged, so aim there. The [[Re.2005 serie 0|Re.2005]] is also highly dangerous in a high-altitude combat scenario, where it can use its high speed and powerful guns to destroy you. There is not much one can do versus a 2005 spare knocking out the engine, so aim there.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good defensive firepower (except against attacks from below)
* Aircraft can remain airworthy with severe damage
* Reasonably improved performance over the Lancaster
* Massive payload that can destroy all 3 bases and have some bombs left over for the airfield
* Fairly responsive aileron control surfaces

'''Cons:'''

* 20 mm turret has limited elevation and depression
* No protection against attacks from below
* Long take off distance
* Relatively poor climb rate
* No co-pilot
* Does not stand a chance against heavy fighters and interceptors like the [[F-82E]]

== History ==

The Avro Lincoln was developed during World War 2. It was developed from the famous Avro Lancaster. In fact the first few Lincoln prototypes were called Lancaster IV and V. It first made it's maiden flight on June 9, 1944, and achieved operational status in August, 1945. It is the RAF's last piston-engined heavy bomber. The actual design came from Air Ministry specification B.14/43. Which called for an improved piston-engined heavy bomber to replace the Avro Lancaster, Short Stirling, and Handley Page Halifax. The first designs differed from the Lancaster by having a longer, stronger wing span. It also had an enlarged fuselage that could carry 4.5 tonnes of various armaments and bombs. It also has a higher operational ceiling and longer range compared to the Avro Lancaster.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[Lancaster B Mk I]] and [[Lancaster B Mk III|Mk III]], the foundation the Lincoln was built off of.

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/355483-avro-lincoln-ii/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Avro}}
{{Britain bombers}}

Lightning F.6

2021-05-25T20:52:30Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=lightning_f6
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|Lightning Red Top Kill.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_lightning_f6.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

The Lightning is a very distinctive aircraft, with its unique stacked engine design, highly swept wings, and large ventral fuel tank. It was designed as a high performance interceptor aircraft, to defend against Soviet bombers, sacrificing range and flexibility for raw performance. With most of the fuselage taken up by the two powerful Rolls-Royce Avon engines, fuel had to be put wherever it could fit inside the wings (including inside the flaps), and in a large ventral fuel tank fitted to the underside of the aircraft. Another factor adding to the Lightning's unique appearance is the fitment of two air-to-air missiles to the sides of the forward fuselage.

In-game, the Lightning has decent acceleration, climb rate, and top speed; and can carry two Firestreak or Red Top missiles. While its missiles are not the best in the game they are still powerful weapons, although the limited quantity does require you to chose your shots carefully.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Lightning F.6 possesses good acceleration and climb performance, although arguably not as good as late model MiG-21s, and some [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|Phantoms]]. The Lightning's two powerful Avon 302 engines do however give it the unique capability of being able to supercruise (fly supersonic without afterburner) at all altitudes, something no other aircraft in the game can do. At sea level the Lightning can supercruise at Mach 1.03, with this generally increasing with altitude (for example at 5,000 m it can supercruise at Mach 1.07). The Lightning has a lower listed wing rip speed than other top tier jets such as MiG-21s and [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4 Phantoms]], however it due to its powerful engines it is capable of reaching (and exceeding) this speed in level flight, even with a full missile armament. This means that the Lightning is actually faster than many of its competitors in a low altitude chase situation, being able to reach Mach 1.08 safely at sea level and Mach 1.10 if you want to push it (structural failure tends to occur at this speed so be careful); Mach 1.14 can be safely reached at 1,000 m. Enemy aircraft can still catch you if they are coming out of a dive, but a surprising number will not be able to keep up in a prolonged chase with a Lightning. Supercruise can be used to give the Lightning longer endurance than other top tier jets, without having to sacrifice speed.

In real life the Lightning's optimal climb profile was to accelerate to 450 knots (833 km/h) and then enter a climb, adjusting the climb angle to maintaining 450 kts / Mach 0.87 (whichever is lower)<ref name="LightningF6ODM" />, and this method works well in game however a simpler approach can just be to accelerate to a reasonably high speed (around 1,000 km/h and enter a 30 degree climb). The Lightning is not a particularly manoeuvrable aircraft, however it can turn fairly well when at high subsonic speed and lower altitude, turning off the afterburner can also improve turning performance in some situations. The roll rate varies with speed and altitude, but is generally nothing special (bar a few speed / altitude combinations, where it rolls surprisingly well).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 12,192 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,215 || 2,200 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.9 || 28.2 || 150.7 || 141.4 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,386 || 2,290 || 24.4 || 26.0 || 195.3 || 172.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A ||631|| 463 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 700 || < 700 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="3" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="1" | {{Annotation|Basic Mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Avon Mk.302 || 2
| colspan="1" | 14,020 kg || colspan="2" | 437 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="2" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 5m fuel || 18m fuel
|-
| 1,310 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 15,353 kg || 18,632 kg || 19,000 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="3" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 5m fuel || 18m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 5,616 kgf || 7,413 kgf
| 0.97 || 0.80 || 0.78
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,616 kgf (0 km/h) || 7,747 kgf (1,000 km/h)
| 1.00 || 0.83 || 0.82
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


In line with its role as a high-performance interceptor aircraft the Lightning F.6 has no armoured plating or bulletproof glass, such additions would have increased the weight of the aircraft, while offering no real benefit for it's intended role.

Most of the inside of the wings (including the flaps) consists of fuel tanks, fuel is also stored in the ventral tank. The top engine is mounted above and to the rear of the bottom engine, this leaves it exposed to enemy fire; on the flip side the bottom engine is shielded from enemy fire by the top engine and wing fuel tanks, this makes is surprisingly resilient to damage, it is not uncommon for it to even continue functioning after the aircraft has been hit by a missile (although the rest of the aircraft will be well and truly broken afterwards).

The large belly tank and high wings of the Lightning mean it is able to survive belly landings very well.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The Lightning is a difficult aircraft to use when stock. If you particularly dislike the stock ADEN cannons then you may wish to priorities the cannon upgrades, however generally it is advisable to focus on flight performance and missile upgrades. Once you gain the ability to unlock tier 2 modifications you should probably priorities the Firestreaks, they are far from the best missiles in the game, but they can be useful; after that the new boosters modification is worth getting to improve the general handling of the aircraft. For tier 3 modifications you should get the wings repair and engine upgrades (unless you really want the ADEN upgrades). For tier 4 you will probably want the Red Top missiles for all round better performance than the Firestreaks. After this you can research the rest of the upgrades according to personal preference.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ADEN (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm ADEN cannon, mounted in bell tank (120 RPG = 240 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Firestreak|Red Top}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordenance:

* Without load
* 2 x Firestreak missiles
* 2 x Red Top missiles

== Usage in battles ==


In combined battles, pilots of the {{PAGENAME}} may find themselves unable to deal much damage against ground vehicles, especially without the use of rockets, anti-tank missiles, or bombs. As such, this fighter is better suited to dealing with enemy air targets such as helicopters, which are plentiful at the Lightning's battle rating.

Although it faces challenges there, air realistic battles are where the Lightning truly belongs. The F.6 is able to use its Red Top missiles to dispatch enemies from a distance. Best practice with the missiles is to fire when there is about a 1.5 km gap between the F.6 and the enemy aircraft. This gap gives the missile time to lock on its target and track the enemy. One downside to the Red Tops is that they are not particularly fast compared to other missiles at its tier and may have trouble manoeuvring to catch an enemy aircraft travelling at top speed.

The {{PAGENAME}} handles well at subsonic speeds, although dogfights at those speeds are not common at this battle rating. Flying slowly leaves the pilot vulnerable to nearby enemies. Among those enemies may be the [[MiG-21 F-13]], which the Lightning can often out-dogfight and the [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4C]], which the Lightning has an extremely difficult time trying to out-dogfight. The Lightning just doesn't have the energy retention that the Phantom does.

Keeping this in mind, it is advised that pilots use this plane as part of a team, rather than as an attempted solo carry. It is recommended that they climb to higher altitude early on in the match and by gaining as much energy as possible before dumping it in dogfight manoeuvres.

Enemy planes that the Lightning F.6 is well-suited to take on in a fight are the [[Mitsubishi T-2]], the [[F-100D]], and the [[MiG-19 (Family)|Mig-19s]] of all variants.

===Radars===
The Lightning F.6 is equipped with an AI.23 search and tracking radar. The radar is mounted in the nose of the aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AI.23 - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 100,000 m (theoretical) || 50,000 m || ±50.0° || ±8.0°
|-
! colspan="4" | AI.23 - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 100,000 m || 300 m || ±50.0° || ±30.0°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Surprisingly good turn rate between 800 - 1,000 km/h indicated airspeed (IAS)
* Red Top missiles have good seeker gimballing, high-G overload, and an all-aspect capability with radar lock-on (slaving)
* Armed with a pair of powerful ADEN cannons
* Good climb rate and acceleration

'''Cons:'''

* A large target for enemy aircraft to target
* Pulls a high angle of attack and loses speed in turns
* Below average roll rate
* Limited armament selection, shoehorned more into an air-to-air combat role
* Sacrifices manoeuvrability for sheer speed
* Relatively low top speed (1,280 km/h IAS at sea level)
* Volatile match-making. Down-tier results in game hunting, up-tiers are a struggle
* Game style forces the Lightning into situations where it's status as interceptor cannot be truly exploited

== History ==

===Background===
In February 1946 the British government cancelled the Miles M.52 programme, only a few months before the first prototype was due to fly. The M.52 was a supersonic research aircraft, designed to reach speeds in excess of 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h) and potentially become the first aircraft to achieve supersonic speeds in level flight.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice">Bowman 2009</ref> The cancellation sent a message to the aviation industry that the British Government had little interest in the development of supersonic aircraft. This did not deter English Electric Company engineer W. E. W. Petter; from his work designing the Canberra bomber he could tell that current fighters would be incapable of intercepting such an aircraft, and so began sketching designs for a new supersonic fighter.<ref name="IconsLightningStory">Chorlton 2012</ref>

Petter lobbied the government to pursue supersonic aircraft development and in early 1947 presented his proposed design to the Ministry of Supply (MoS), to his surprise this lead to the MoS issuing specification ER.103 calling for companies to produce designs for a supersonic research aircraft capable of Mach 1.5 at 36,000 ft.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> English Electric set to work on their proposal, which would later be known as the P.1.

===Development===
By the middle of 1948 most of the P.1's key design features were in place, the aircraft would have two engines stacked one on top of the other (this allowed for 2x increase in thrust while only increasing frontal area by 1.5x) and highly swept wings. English Electric was given a contract to develop the design further through 1949; wind tunnel testing indicated that the tailplane should be moved from the top of the vertical stabiliser to the bottom of the fuselage, and the wing sweep increased from 40° to 60°.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft">Ransom and Fairclough 1987</ref> By the end of 1949 most of the P.1's design had been finalised.

In September 1949, the MoS released the first draft of specification F.23/49 laying out the requirements for a supersonic fighter aircraft. English Electric decided they could modify the P.1 design to meet the new F.23/49 specification. In April 1950, they received a contract to produce three prototype P.1 aircraft (two for flight testing and one for static testing).<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Engineers at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) doubted English Electric's design for the P.1, believing that the aircraft should have had a 50° swept wing and kept the original high-mounted tailplane; this would lead to a second contract being handed to Short Brothers to produce an aircraft known as the SB.5. The SB.5 was a low-speed research aircraft (resembling the P.1) which facilitated the wings and tail being mounted in different configurations, with the aim being to find out whether English Electric or the RAE were correct. Later during testing it would be found that 60° was the optimal wing sweep and the high tail design would prove to be unstable in flight; proving English Electric correct in their design choices.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" />

In July 1952, while English Electric was working on building the P.1 prototypes, they were notified that the government intended to order a number of prototype fighters built to the F.23/49 specification, and so detailed design on the modified P.1 began. To avoid confusion, the two original P.1 aircraft would be known as P.1 and P.1A with the new fighter version known as the P.1B.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The official order for 3 P.1B prototypes was placed in August 1953 and was followed in February 1954 by an order for 20 P.1B development aircraft. The P.1 / P.1A were visually similar to the Lightning but had distinct differences; most notable were its use of non-afterburning Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire SA.5 engines and a significantly different cockpit and forward fuselage. The P.1 lacked the Lightning's distinctive shock cone intake, instead having a pear-shaped intake in the nose and also initially lacked the ventral fuel tank of production Lightnings. The P.1B was much closer to the production Lightning F.1 aircraft, being visually very similar, and incorporating most of the features of the production aircraft.<ref name="BurkeLightning">Burke 2016</ref>

The first P.1 was finished in May 1954 and taken to Boscombe Down, where it spent the next couple of months carrying out ground tests and fast taxi runs.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> With tests progressing well, the first flight for the P.1 was set to be the 3rd August 1954. However, as test pilot Roland Beamont climbed into the cockpit for the first flight, he accidentally triggered the engine bay fire extinguishers; with the rest of the day spent cleaning up the fire retardant the flight had to be postponed until the next day.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> The P.1 first flew on 4th August 1954, and shortly afterwards on its third flight it went supersonic, supercruising at Mach 1.02; in subsequent flights super-cruise at Mach 1.08 in level flight would be achieved and in one flight the aircraft would eventually reach a speed of Mach 1.22.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The second P.1 prototype, known as P.1A, flew on 18th July 1955, featuring a ventral tank, twin 30 mm ADEN cannons mounted above the intake, and redesigned flaps.<ref name="LightningMk1_6">Darling 2008</ref> While the P.1A was undergoing testing, the original P.1 prototype was modified with Sapphire SA.5R engines which produced less dry thrust than the SA.5's but featured reheat (afterburner) which gave them much greater thrust than the SA.5 when engaged. With the new engines the P.1 could reach Mach 1.56; the P.1A was never fitted with the new engines. During testing of the P.1, problems with the cockpit canopy became apparent, on one test flight in August 1955 while the aircraft was flying at Mach 0.95 the canopy broke away from the aircraft. The test pilot was able to land without further incident, and the canopy locking mechanism was adjusted; however a few weeks later the canopy broke loose again. After further modifications English Electric believed the problem was resolved; until once more the canopy came away from the aircraft, this time while the aircraft was flying at supersonic speed.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Following this incident, English Electric decided to completely redesign the canopy locking mechanism, finally fixing the issue, luckily none of the pilots were seriously injured in any of the incidents.<ref name="LightningMk1_6" />

The P.1B first flew on the 4th April 1957 and was successfully taken to Mach 1.2 on its first flight.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> On the same day the P.1B first flew, the Government published the now infamous 1957 Defence White Paper, which cancelled most of Britain's advanced aircraft programmes under the (now known to be incorrect) belief that missile technology would make manned aircraft irrelevant; the P.1 was one of the few aircraft programmes not cancelled.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice" /> On the 23rd of October 1958 the P.1B was officially renamed to the Lightning.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Development of the P.1B continued with no major problems and on 25th November 1958 the P.1B became the first British aircraft to achieve Mach 2, sustaining it in level flight and with engines on the lowest of their four reheat settings.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Development continued with the last of the 20 P.1B pre-production aircraft taking to the air in September 1959;<ref name="LightningMk1_6" /> this was followed by the first P.1B Lightnings being delivered to RAF service in December 1959.

===RAF Service===
The first production version of the Lightning to enter RAF service was the Lightning F.1, which differed only slightly from the pre-production P.1Bs, it entered service with 74 squadron at Coltishall in 1960.<ref name="BurkeLightning" /> The F.1 was powered by two Avon 200R engines each producing 11,200 lb of dry thrust or 14,400 lb of thrust with maximum reheat (afterburner).<ref name="LightningF1PilotsNotes">Pilot's Notes, Lightning F.Mk 1 & F.Mk 1A</ref><ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> In terms of armament, the F.1 had two 30 mm ADEN cannons mounted above the air intake and provision for three different interchangeable weapon packs to be fitted in the weapons bay. The most common weapons pack (and the only one most people are aware of) was the Firestreak pack; the internals of the pack contained electronic and cooling systems, while pylons protruding from either side of the pack allowed the lightning to carry two Firestreak air-to-air missiles, one on either side of the fuselage. The other two packs were less well known, one allowed the fitment of two additional 30 mm ADEN cannons (bringing the total to four), and the other allowed the cartridge of 48 x 2" unguided air-to-air rockets.<ref name="LightningF1PilotsNotes" /> During normal flight the rockets would be stored internally, when the rockets were to be fired two launchers (each containing 24 rockets) would fold outwards from the weapon pack.<ref name="LightningMk1_6" />

A total of 22 production standard Lightning F.1s were built before production was switched to the improved F.1A standard. The F.1A was only slightly different to the F.1, featuring provision for an in-flight refuelling probe, some re-routed cabling from inside the engine bay to external cable ducts on the side of the fuselage, and Avon 210R engines; the engines had modifications to the reheat control system, but preformed the same as the Avon 200R engines of the F.1.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /><ref name="EngineDatabaseHandbook">Roux 2007</ref> The F.1A entered service in December 1960 serving alongside the Lightning F.1s. The first two-seat Lightning trainers, known as T.4s were also delivered in 1960; the T.4 was based on the F.1A and featured two pilots sat side by side in the cockpit.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" /> By 1965 the F.1s and F.1As had been withdrawn from front-line service, joining the T.4s in being used for pilot training and other duties into the 1970s.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" />

The next version of the Lightning to enter service was the F.2, planned as an interim version to enter service while the more advanced F.3 was still being developed. Externally it looked almost identical to the F.1A, with the only difference being the addition of a small air scoop on the "spine" of the aircraft. Internally however there were more changes; the engines were upgraded with fully variable reheat (instead of the 4 position reheat on earlier models), a significantly lighter and more compact oxygen system for the pilot, and an improved navigation system.<ref name="LightningMk1_6" /> The F.2 entered service with two squadrons in 1961, and became the first Lighting variant to serve outside of the UK, being based at RAF bases in West Germany.<ref name="IconsLightningStory" />

After the Lightning F.2 came the Lightning F.3; which was a major upgrade over all previous models of the Lightning. The most obvious external feature of the F.3 was a new, larger, squared-off tail; this was necessary to allow the F.3 to safely carry the new Red Top missile. The Red Top was a major improvement over the Firestreak, having improved range, a more destructive warhead, and a new seeker giving the missile limited all-aspect capability. Internally, the F.3 featured a more advanced AI.23B radar, new navigation equipment, and most significantly new Avon 301R engines.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The Avon 301s produced significantly more thrust than previous Avon engines with 12,600 lb of dry thrust and 16,300 lb of thrust each on full reheat. The Lightning F.3 entered RAF service in January 1964.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice" />

The F.3 was followed into service by the F.3A and the T.5 (a two-seat trainer variant of the F.3) in 1965. The F.3A was an interim version which designed to address the Lightning's limited range before the planned F.6 version was ready. The F.3A significantly increased the size of the ventral fuel tank, in addition it was fitted with a new wing featuring a kinked and cambered leading edge; this wing reduced subsonic drag leading to a 20% increase in cruising range. The new wing also improved the handling characteristics of the Lightning; it did however come at the cost of reducing supersonic acceleration.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" />

The final production model of Lightning to enter RAF service was the F.6. The Lightning F.6 had been intended to fix some of the shortfalls of the F.3; it included the enlarged ventral tank and new wing design of the F.3A, and returned the cannon armament with two 30 mm ADEN cannons mounted in the front of the ventral fuel tank. The F.6 also included support for a pair of over-wing fuel tanks, further improving the aircraft's range. The F.6 entered service in December 1965, serving alongside the F.3s; the superior range of the F.6 led to them being used for long-range interception missions, while the higher performance F.3 lent itself to being used for shorter range missions.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> Although originally retaining the Avon 301 engines of the F.3 and F.3A, the F.6 would later be upgraded with Avon 302 engines; these engines provided better high altitude flight performance and reduced fuel consumption.<ref name="LightningF6ODM">Lightning F.Mk 6, Operating Data Manual</ref>

The improved range of the Lightning F.6 proved popular with the RAF and so it was decided to rebuild 31 of the Lightning F.2s stationed in Germany to near F.6 standard.<ref name="LightningStrikesTwice" /> These aircraft were known as F.2As and began entering service in 1968, they featured the enlarged ventral tank and new wings of the F.6, but retained the less powerful Avon 211 engines as well as the 30 mm cannons mounted in their original location above the intake.<ref name="LightningF2AAircrewManual">Lightning F Mk 2A, Aircrew Manual</ref> As the F.2A also lacked the updated avionics of later models it was incapable of carrying Red Top missiles, instead carrying either Firestreaks or a gun pack containing two additional ADEN cannons.<ref name="LightningF2AAircrewManual" /> The F.2A was well-liked by its pilots, the fitment of ADEN cannons above the intake allowed the entire ventral tank to be filled with fuel (instead of partly being taken up by cannons); coupled with less fuel-hungry engines this gave it the best endurance of any Lightning variant. The F.2A spent most of its service life carrying out low-level interceptions missions in Germany, where the increased endurance was greatly appreciated.<ref name="LightningBoys">Pike 2011</ref>

The English Electric Lightning was the RAF's primary front-line interceptor from its introduction in 1959 up until the mid-1970s when it began to be replaced by the Phantom FGR.2. Even so, the Lightning would continue to serve in the interceptor role with the RAF until 1988, leaving RAF service less than two years before the first Phantoms began to be retired from service. Although the Lightning was primary used to intercept Soviet bombers entering UK airspace it was also stationed outside of the UK, most notably in Germany; the Lightning did also see service at RAF Tengah in Singapore and RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus.<ref name="LightningBoys" /> Despite serving in the RAF for 29 years the Lightning never once shot down a hostile aircraft. Officially the only aircraft ever shot down by a Lightning was a pilotless Harrier; the pilot had ejected however the Harrier kept flying, it was decided to shoot it down rather than risk it entering Soviet territory.

===Export Service===
As well as RAF service, the Lightning did also see some export service with the Kuwait Air Force and Royal Saudi Air Force. The first Lightnings delivered to the Royal Saudi Air Force arrived in 1966; they came in the form of five Lightning F.52s and two T.54s; these aircraft were simply ex-RAF Lightning F.2s and T.4s.<ref name="DerryLightning">Derry 2016</ref> Through 1968 - 1969 the Royal Saudi Air Force took delivery of more advanced Lightning F.53s and T.55s; the Kuwait Air Force would also receive its F.53s and T.55s in the same time span.<ref name="DerryLightning" />

The Lightning F.53 was effectively a Lightning F.6 upgraded to become a multi-role fighter. The most notable change was the addition of underwing hardpoints capable of carrying 1,000 lb bombs and SNEB rocket pods. In addition, the 2" rocket pack from the Lightning F.1 was returned to carry air-to-air or air-to-ground rockets, and a new photo-reconnaissance pack was made available, in addition to the Firestreak and Red Top weapon packs.<ref name="LightningF53PilotsNotes">Lightning F Mk. 53, Pilots Notes</ref> Various improvements were proposed for the F.53 including adapters to allow two bombs or rocket pods to be fitted to each underwing pylon, and dual rocket pods to be carried on the over-wing pylons (originally used for the fuel tanks on the F.6). While the dual underwing adapter would be approved for use on Saudi Lightnings the over-wing rocket pods never made it past mock-up stage.<ref name="EnglishElectricAircraft" /> The T.55 was a T.5 upgraded to better reflect the Lightning F.53; it received the enlarged ventral tank and new wings of the Lightning F.6 and F.53.<ref name="DerryLightning" />

===Lightning F.6 compared to other variants===
With the Lightning F.6 being the ultimate version of the Lightning in RAF service some may find it surprising to hear that it lags behind most other Lightning models in terms of raw flight performance. With the F.6 it had chosen to sacrifice the raw performance of previous Lightnings in order to improve the aircraft's range and return the cannon armament. As an example, a Lightning F.1 could accelerate from stationary to 450 kts (833 km/h) within 36 seconds of brake release; while an F.6 would take 42 seconds to achieve the same.<ref name="LightningF1ODM">Lightning F.Mks 1,1A,2 &T.MK.4, Operating Data Manual</ref><ref name="LightningF6ODM" /> Likewise, from brake release to 36,000 ft would take 2 minutes 18 seconds in a Lightning F.1; while a Lightning F.6 would take 2 minutes 42 seconds.<ref name="LightningF1ODM" /><ref name="LightningF6ODM" /> By far the best performing Lightning variant was the F.3; it mated the much more powerful engines of the F.6 with the significantly lighter airframe of earlier Lightnings.

=== [[wt:en/news/6615-development-lightning-f-6-saddled-to-a-skyrocket-en|Devblog]] ===
Development of the Lightning began in 1947, after the Ministry of Supply issued a requirement for the development of an experimental supersonic aircraft, in order to gain insights on supersonic flight and aircraft design. By 1949 however, the requirements were changed to incorporate fighter levels of maneuverability, thus kicking off the development process which would eventually result in the Lightning.

While the first prototypes of the Lightning (P.1A) were designed to reach speeds of around Mach 1.5, in 1952, the decision was made to further develop a second batch of prototypes (P.1B), capable of reaching speeds of Mach 2. In August 1954, the P.1A prototype first took to the skies for its maiden flight, while the P.1B conducted its first flight in April 1957 and as the first British aircraft, reached speeds of Mach 2 in November.

Following a successful test phase, the Lightning was ordered into production and subsequently entered service with the RAF in 1959. The aircraft served throughout the Cold War period - until 1988 - with many variants being created which improved the Lightning's performance further, most notably increasing its originally very limited range.

With the advent of far more capable aircraft in the late stages of the Cold War, the over 330 Lightnings built were phased out of service in the late 1980s. Apart from its service with the UK, the Lightning also served with the armed forces of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, the latter two being its only foreign operators.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=lightning_f6 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" caption="Lightning F.6 Devblog Images" heights="150px">
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Lightning F.6 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|TJNmzteLOk8|'''The Shooting Range #223''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|CDl68kOR9ig|'''The Shooting Range #191''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:56 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


* [[Phantom FG. Mk1|Phantom FG.1]]
* [[Phantom FGR.2]]
* [[MiG-21MF (Germany)|MiG-21MF]]
* [[MiG-21SMT]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6615-development-lightning-f-6-saddled-to-a-skyrocket-en|[Devblog] Lightning F.6: Saddled to a Skyrocket!]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/479190-lightning-f6/ [Forums<nowiki>]</nowiki> Aircraft Data Sheets: Lightning F.6]

===Citations===
<references />

===Bibliography===

* Bowman, M. (2009). Lightning Strikes Twice: The Story of the English Electric Lightning. Stroud: Amberley Publishing.
* Burke, D. (2016). English Electric Lightning. Retrieved from [https://www.thunder-and-lightnings.co.uk/lightning/history.php Thunder and Lightnings]
* Chorlton, M. (2012). The Lightning story - from P.1 to F.6. Aeroplane Icons, pp. 6-16.
* Darling, K. (2008). English Electric / British Aircraft Corporation Lightning Mks 1-6. Lulu.com.
* Derry, M. (2016). English Electric Lightning. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Aviation.
* Lightning F Mk 2A, Aircrew Manual. (1968). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Lightning F Mk. 53, Pilots Notes. (1983). Warton Aerodrome, UK: British Aircraft Corporation Ltd.
* Lightning F.Mk 6, Operating Data Manual. (1977). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Lightning F.Mks 1,1A,2 &T.MK.4, Operating Data Manual. (1975). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Pike, R. (2011). The Lightning Boys. London: Grub Street.
* Pilot's Notes, Lightning F.Mk 1 & F.Mk 1A. (1962). Warton Aerodrome, UK: English Electric Technical Services.
* Ransom, S., & Fairclough, R. (1987). English Electric Aircraft and their Predecessors. London: Putnam.
* Roux, E. (2007). Turbofan and Turbojet Engines Database Handbook. Lulu.com.

{{AirManufacturer EEC}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}

Tempest Mk V

2021-05-25T20:48:48Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tempest (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tempest_mkv
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 649 || 634 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.5 || 22.4 || 14.0 || 14.0 || rowspan="2" | 370
|-
! Upgraded
| 788 || 703 || 19.6 || 20.1 || 30.1 || 20.4
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 412 || 389 || 269 || ~14 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 440 || < 430 || < 530 || > 337
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,447 m || 2,085 hp || 2,585 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,981 m || 1,735 hp || 2,151 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The Tempest Mk.V has a fairly average level of survivability compared to most single engine fighters. In terms of armour, the pilot is protected by 16.9 mm of steel in their seat, and 44.5 mm of bulletproof glass at the front of the cockpit. This armour will protect the pilot against machinegun and some cannon rounds from the direct front and rear, but is fairly weak and does not cover all angles. The Napier Sabre 2 24 cylinder engine is somewhat robust, and should continue to function for some time after being hit with a few rounds. The plane will continue to fly after taking some hits to the fuselage, wings, or tail, but with increasingly dramatic reductions in manoeuvrability as more damage is taken. Especially hits to the wings dis-balance the plane, and make turning especially difficult. Overall the plane should not be expected to survive long against enemies with substantial levels of firepower (such as the [[MG 151 (20 mm)|MG-151]] cannon).

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.V cannons, wing-mounted (200 rpg = 800 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I (1,000 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==


Climb with your team as high as you can muster (<4,000 m) and proceed to feast on anything the Spitfires above drop from their clouds. Speed is life and should never be wasted. Maintaining its velocity is the way of the Tempest in realistic battles.

The Tempest Mk. V excels at low to medium altitude battles, performing both as a Boom'n'Zoomer, ground attacker or energy fighter. To efficiently utilise its full engine power, do not get above 6,000 m or 19,000 ft, as the engine power drops significantly beyond that point. However, due to the supercharged engine, it outperforms aircraft like the Fw 190 D-9 by far at high altitudes (over 7,600 m or 25,000 ft) but gets obliterated by Ta 152Hs and some Bf 109 models, such as the K-4s and G-10s. To counter the BF109K-4, pilot Pierre Clostermann was quoted as saying:

"Tempest V. Messerschmitts: I kept on reminding my pilots to keep their speed above 300 m.p.h., for "109's" could turn better than we could at low speed, and you had to watch out for the 30 mm cannon in their propeller - it didn't give you a second chance. The best technique was to do a spiral dive, work up to a speed of 450 m.p.h., do a straight climb and then start all over again. The "109's" on the other hand, knowing that we dived faster than they did, tried to get us up to 16,000 feet, where our Tempests were heavy and our engines sluggish."

In Arcade battles, stick with WEP on and Boom & Zoom tactics. On realistic you can try the above strategy, but you may find that due to mouse aim some adaptations must be implemented. Don't lose sight of your attacker and be on guard for when his cannon fires. As soon as you see the barrel flash, you have about 0.7 seconds to take your plane out of the way, depending on the distance. At that point, you can throw off his aim by performing a low Yo-Yo to gain more speed and proceed to zoom away if you're below 3,000 m or 10,000 ft, because at this altitude your engine should provide enough power for you to outrun the BF109K-4 or G-10. However, you may find that the Tempest Mk.V is a cinder brick because you accelerate stupidly fast diving straight to the ground. When in trouble at high heights, dive like there is no tomorrow.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful engine providing both great acceleration and top speed below 3 km altitude
* Powerful armament with lots of ammo allowing to stay a long time in battle and ability to take out even four-engined bombers easily
* Air belts are extraordinarily powerful against aircraft
* Excellent acceleration in dive
* Good manoeuvrability at high speeds
* Good climb rate
* Strong air frame

'''Cons:'''

* Poor engine performance at high altitudes
* Sub-par manoeuvrability at low speeds
* High repair costs
* [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano's]] can be rather inconsistent leading to "sparking"

== History ==


From its initial conception, the Hawker Tempest was conceived of as a replacement for the Typhoon, a fighter-bomber created by the Hawker company in 1941. The Typhoon had many deficiencies such as an unreliable engine, insufficient structural strength leading in some cases to the entire tail detaching, a sub-standard rate of climb and poor high altitude performance. Because of these, it could not compete with the latest fighter of the time, the German Focke-Wolf FW190, and the Typhoon's was removed from its planned role as an interceptor and used mainly for ground strike missions. The Tempest prototype, first flown in February 1943, inherited some of the traits of its older brother, but experts took into account Hawker's negative experience and did their best to refine the aerodynamic shape of the new aircraft. The wing was slightly shorter, the profile more slender, and the back edge elliptical. Compensating the fuel capacity lost in the newly designed, thinner wings, came in the way of adding another fuel tank to the fuselage which accounted for the increased length of the aircraft. Consequently, the tail section was also modified, most noticeably by a fairing fitted to the vertical fin's leading edge and an increase of the tailplane chord.

Due to the unavailability of Napier Sabre Mk IV engine, which was supposed to keep the new aircraft from having the Typhoon's "beard" radiator, the same Sabre Mk IIA engine, rated at 2,180 HP, had to be installed along with a four-bladed de Havilland propeller. On the first batch of Tempests (100 aircraft) the armament stayed unchanged, but subsequent fighters had the long-barrelled Hispano Mk II gun replaced with the more rapid and light Hispano Mk V. The ammunition was also increased from 140 to 150 rounds per gun. Thanks to the strength of its wings, the aircraft could carry a substantial bomb load or two 500 lb or 1000 lb bombs, two 45 or 90-gallon fuel tanks, or eight 76 mm rockets. The Tempest proved far more successful and popular with its pilots than the Typhoon, eliminating its predecessor's shortcomings.

Front line service for the Tempest began in April 1944, when 50 Tempest Mk Vs formed the first Tempest Wing at Newchurch. The Tempest Wing was particularly active in the build-up to D-Day, but when the first German V-1 flying bombs began to fall on British soil, the Tempest was found to be one of the only fighters fast enough to counter the new threat. Fast, manoeuvrable and heavily armed, the Tempest was also able to prove a threat to the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter by destroying a total of 20 262s. Some 1,700 Tempests were manufactured until the aircraft was phased out of service with the RAF in 1949.

=== In-game description ===
From its initial conception, the Hawker Tempest was conceived of as a replacement for the Typhoon, a fighter-bomber created by the Hawker company in 1941. The Typhoon had many deficiencies such as an unreliable engine, insufficient structural strength leading in some cases to the entire tail detaching, sub-standard rate of climb and a poor high altitude performance. Because of these it could not compete with the latest fighter of the time, the German Focke-Wolf FW190, and the Typhoon's was removed from its planned role as an interceptor and used mainly for ground strike missions. The Tempest prototype, first flown in February 1943, inherited some of the traits of its older brother, but experts took into account Hawker's negative experience and did their best to refine the aerodynamic shape of the new aircraft. The wing was slightly shorter, the profile more slender, and the back edge elliptical. To compensate for the fuel capacity lost in the new, thinner wings, another fuel tank was added to the fuselage which accounted for the increased length of the aircraft. Consequently, the tail section was also modified, most noticeably by a fairing fitted to the vertical fin's leading edge and an increase of the tail plane chord.

Due to the unavailability of Napier Sabre Mk IV engine, which was supposed to keep the new aircraft from having the Typhoon's "beard" radiator, the same Sabre Mk IIA engine, rated at 2180 HP, had to be installed; this was fitted with a de Havilland four bladed propeller. On the first batch of Tempests (100 aircraft) the armament stayed unchanged, but subsequent fighters had the long-barrelled Hispano Mk II gun replaced with the more rapid and light Hispano Mk V. The ammunition was also increased from 140 to 150 rounds per gun. Thanks to the strength of its wings, the aircraft could carry a substantial bomb load or two 500 lb or 1000 lb bombs, two 45 or 90 gallon fuel tanks, or eight 76 mm rockets. The Tempest proved far more successful and popular with its pilots than the Typhoon, eliminating its predecessor's shortcomings.

Front line service for the Tempest began in April 1944, when 50 Tempest Mk Vs formed the first Tempest Wing at Newchurch. The Tempest Wing was particularly active in the build up to D-Day, but when the first German V-1 flying bombs began to fall on British soil, the Tempest was found to be one of the only fighters fast enough to counter the new threat. Fast, manoeuvrable and heavily armed, the Tempest was also able to prove a threat to the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter, with 20 262s being destroyed by Tempests. Some 1700 Tempests were manufactured until the aircraft was phased out of service with the RAF in 1949.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=tempest_mkv Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|D9koCGqkWtE|'''Realistic: Tempest Mk V [Beastmode]''' - ''Jengar''|MS89qL3sbD8|'''Pages of History: Tempest Mk. V''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/184--en|[Ace of the Month] Pierre Clostermann]]

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Firecrest

2021-05-25T20:45:31Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ small changes

{{Specs-Card
|code=b_48_firecrest
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_b_48_firecrest.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a squadron rank {{Specs|rank}} British strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]] as one of the first Squadron vehicles. It represents the attempt to develop an improved naval aircraft from the troubled [[Firebrand TF Mk IV|Blackburn Firebrand]].

In reality only 3 prototypes were ever made, since the arrival of improved technologies such as the jet engine halted any major development of war birds with piston engines after the Second World War.

However, in-game, everyone's got a chance with the Firecrest. It could be considered as a hybrid between the Firebrand and a [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair]], due to its gull shaped wings, durability, powerful engine and beautiful sleek appearance! Howbeit, it has other traits that make this plane well suited for the naval environment of War Thunder.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


Once upgraded and spaded, the Firecrest is able to go anywhere it must go. Climbing to the sky or speeding steadily to a target. It all can be achieved.

The Bristol Centaurus 59 engine producing 2,475 hp is able to accelerate pretty quickly, something needed for sea and carrier landing and takeoff operations. This allows the plane to climb consistently to 6 km of altitude where the max speed can also be achieved while conserving all the manoeuvrability due to the supercharger and a great roll rate.

If necessary it can dive very fast and possesses air brakes for handling such speeds with ease. It does not turn that well horizontally but the skilled control of combat flaps and the airbrakes can prove adequate in several instances.

It's recommended to engage planes without carrying ordnance to maximize the flight performance, particularly the torpedo load.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,791 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 587 || 568 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.1 || 25.0 || 15.4 || 15.4 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 636 || 608 || 21.9 || 23.0 || 23.6 || 19.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 430 || 404 || 272 || ~10 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 460 || < 450 || < 450 || > 330
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The pilots should note that no armour protection is present, this will limit the ability to tolerate heavy fire since any armour-piercing bullet is capable of going through the entire plane. The strongest and yet the more vulnerable part of the plane is the engine. No head-on engagements or attacking bombers are advised since the radial engine with the pilot can be easily taken out.

Separately, the fuselage is quite resilient and sleek. This can often ricochet fire that would otherwise hit the spars and inflict greater damage. The only thing protecting the pilot from behind aside from the fuselage is a fuel tank.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Pilots should focus on improving most of the flight performance first then the payloads, since this plane won't perform like it should when stock. Rockets, bombs and torpedoes should be secondary.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M3 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm M3 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

Here's the main difficulty of the Firecrest: its offensive armament.

The M3 Browning machine guns are amazing for quick and precise attack. They will inflict severe damage or ignite the enemy plane, mainly because of the rapid fire of the 2 machine guns. What pilots should be constantly alert about, is the ammo counter, since these machine guns will deplete all the ammo very quickly.

Fixing a convergence up to the preference of attack and having the right ammo belt is necessary, as the low ammo input does not allow for long bursts or consecutive leading shots. It's also relevant to ''note that such machine guns are generally only available on American jets'' such as the '''[[F-86A-5|Sabres]]''' and '''[[F-84 (Family)|Thunderjets]]''', thus making the Firecrest one of the few piston planes with such machine guns!

'''Most notable/useful ammo belts'''

* '''Tracers''': These bullets are completely visible, they will help to adapt with the ballistics of this unique machine gun for the British. They will start a lot of fires thanks to all the bullets being API-T (Armour-piercing incendiary tracer) with a good 23 mm of armour penetration.
* '''Default''': This ammo belt offers 2 types of incendiary ammunition, while it also carries full solid AP bullets. This increases the penetration damage for spars, armour plates or engines while also being able to make the rival plane burn.
* '''Ground targets''': This belt is not commended for anything heavier than light tanks or fully enclosed vehicles, as only a section of it carries full AP bullets. This performs as an all-purpose belt due to the large diversity of bullets that conform it. Great if required to engage all kinds of targets, ceding less ammo count of a specific type.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|RP-3|18 inch Mark XV (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 450 mm (18 inch) Mark XV torpedo
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

'''[[RP-3|RP-3 rockets]]''': These are exceptional for many objectives. They have good armour penetration, moderate velocity and satisfactory amount of explosive mass when matched to contemporaries as US's [[HVAR]] or the Soviet's [[RBS-132]].

Appropriate for most tanks excluding some heavy tanks like the Soviet KV series or the German captured variant, the KV I C 756 with a very tough turret of 105 mm. Targeting at the top of these tanks is suggested. Naval objectives such as patrol boats can be annihilated in one single shot; a real spectacle. Destroyers or anything heavier could withstand more damage, but their modules and crew will be decimated by these rockets.

'''500 lb G.P Bombs''': They involve some skills at the moment of delivery since the lethal range for armoured targets is only of 4 m. For naval targets the lethal range is less of a drawback but the actual obstacle is dropping such bombs over AA covered ships. Pilots should note that these bombs might not consistently be enough to sink destroyers or anything bigger.

'''Mark XV torpedo''': It's when everything else doesn't seem enough that the torpedo joins into action. This ultimate ship destroyer is very capable and usually one sole hit is enough. What is more important, is the way to deliver the torpedo without sacrificing the plane.

== Usage in battles ==


The Firecrest is an experimental torpedo bomber with average capacities. It has low anti-air effectiveness in Air Arcade battles due to rather clumsy manoeuvring and no armour protection. A good pilot is needed to fully exploit the handy machine guns this plane is armed with. It has a place in Ground Realistic Battles, thanks to its payload capacities and the extremely powerful 8 x RP-3 rockets. However its best place is in Naval Battles, where is possible to engage more freely in wider spaces and make use of the full ordnance capacities (once the Mark XV torpedo is unlocked for use). Due to the lacklustre firepower when stock, one of the recommended ways to gain the necessary research points for unlocking modules is to simply attack AI targets like artillery and trucks, then tanks as the 500 lb bombs are unlocked prior to the torpedoes.

'''Naval Battles'''

Once the torpedoes are unlocked, the Firecrest performs similarly to other torpedo bombers of the rank. One of the outstanding traits is in its high survivability that can help in destroying one target if the tactics are played to the plane's strength (the good roll is perfect for low altitude flying). Aim towards destroyers or cruisers as they are larger targets that are easier to hit and prioritize the vessels that are threatening allies on the seas. However, try to ensure that the enemy ship is occupied with attacking surface targets so that their anti-air armament is not focused on the Firecrest to allow for some breathing room to position for an attack run.

'''Encounter mode''' proves to be one of the best for this plane. Here will be possible to infiltrate by the sides at low-level flight behind the enemies to the cargo ships, and release a torpedo from a safe distance. Always keeping in mind the torpedo drop requirements and the target. Is possible to risk a bit more if equipping bombs, but a tactic that might also work is to skip the bombs to the cargo ship swiftly retreating in the same direction, in a tactic that is known as ''Skip bombing''.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

The main aspects of using MEC with this aircraft are the Supercharger and Radiators, since this will increase drastically the climb and high altitude performance as well as the dive speed and energy retention.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire of M3 Browning provides rapid damage output
* Default ammo for M3s are better than other Default belts (AP incendiary tracers, AP, and incendiary)
* Good top speed overall with decent acceleration
* Respectably durable
* Has RP-3s and bombs against ground targets
* Good all altitude performance
* Excellent high speed control
* Has airbrakes (can be used as a dive bomber)
* Interceptor spawn

'''Cons:'''

* Not very manoeuvrable, especially at low speeds
* Only 300 rounds per machine gun; trigger discipline is needed
* Only 2 machine guns which means very limited firepower
* Limited payload options compared to Firebrand and contemporary naval planes of the Fleet Air Arm
* Large engine is vulnerable to incoming fire
* No armour; not recommended to engage bombers
* Most dedicated fighters will run circles around you

== History ==


The Blackburn Firecrest was a British Torpedo Strike Fighter, derived from the earlier [[Firebrand TF Mk IV|Blackburn Firebrand]] but designed from the outset as a torpedo strike fighter. Designed to the S.28/43 specification set by the Admiralty on February 26th 1943 for a 'Firebrand Torpedo Fighter with improved wing and improved pilot view', the Firecrest was designed with a number of issues of the Firebrand in mind. Specifically, effort was done to produce a type which had improved forward visibility to facilitate deck landings, and which had better lateral control at landing speeds. The design specification also called for the Firecrest to be powered by a Bristol Centaurus 77 engine powering a contra-rotating propeller.

Early on during its design, the Admiralty also ordered three prototypes which would have been driven by the Napier E.122 24-cylinder H-block engine, a 3500 hp development of the Napier Sabre used on the original Firebrand. However, it was soon found that in order to maintain an acceptable center of gravity, the heavy Napier engine would have to be installed behind the cockpit, which would require an extensive redesign and add considerable weight to the aircraft. As a result, the Napier E.122 powered variant was cancelled in October of 1945 before metal was cut on any of their prototypes. Just before completion of the design, the Centaurus 77 variant with its contra-rotating propeller was cancelled in January of 1946, and it was replaced by a 2,825 hp Centaurus 57 with a conventional five-bladed propeller. The first of three completed prototypes of the Firecrest flew on April 1st 1947.

The Firecrest differed from the Firebrand in having a cockpit that was set higher and more forward than that of the Firebrand, which combined with a shortened nose did improve the forward visibility during deck landing. A redesigned inverted gull wing conceptually not unlike that of the Vought Corsair did much to improve the type's low speed handling and take off characteristics: even at full weight, take-off was possible in just under 430 ft with a 29 mph headwind; its landing run was an impressive 390 ft with a 5 mph headwind. With its conventional five-bladed propeller, the Firecrest's top speed lay at 380 mph, some 38 mph faster than the Firebrand despite weighing slightly more. Unlike the Firebrand which used hand-folded wings, the Firecrest had power-assisted folding wings with a double fold.

However, it soon became apparent that the Firecrest was even more sluggish in handling than the Firebrand, that the design in itself did not give any distinct advantages over the Firebrand or the newly developed [[Wyvern_S4|Westland Wyvern]], and that it was less versatile than types such as the [[Firefly_FR_Mk_V|Fairey Firefly]] or [[Sea_Fury_FB_11|Hawker Sea Fury]]. As a result, all development work on the Firecrest ceased in September of 1947, with the second prototype only being used for structural testing, and the third prototype used to test the power-boosted ailerons which were eventually fitted to the Firebrand TF.5A. All three prototypes were bought back by Blackburn in 1950, and scrapped in 1952.

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|qoZv-sA80aI|'''Squadron Vehicles''' discusses the Firecrest at 02:10 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


'''Related Development:'''

* [[Firebrand TF Mk IV]]

'''Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era:'''

* [[F4U (Family)|F4U Corsair (Family)]]
* [[Firefly FR Mk V]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/457979-b48-firecrest/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Blackburn_Firecrest|[Wikipedia] Blackburn Firecrest]]
* [https://www.baesystems.com/en/heritage/blackburn-b-48-firecrest <nowiki>[BAE Systems]</nowiki> Blackburn B-48 Firecrest]

{{AirManufacturer Blackburn}}
{{Britain strike aircraft}}
{{Squadron aircraft}}

Spitfire Mk Ia

2021-05-25T20:43:49Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ further detail where due

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_mk1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

The Spitfire Mk Ia is one of the first monoplane designs in the British tree, alongside the [[Hurricane (Family)|Hurricanes]]. The Spitfire is most distinctive with its sleek and thin elliptical wing design, a characteristic seen in most future Spitfire variants. The wing on the Spitfire is a Type A, as implied by the name "Mk I'''a'''", which contained four .303 machine guns per wing with a total of eight machine guns.

Its default paint coat consists of a green and tan two-tone colouring, with a white undercoat. The Spitfire Mk Ia possess the Royal Air Force Type A.1 roundel on the fuselage with a yellow outer ring, followed by blue, white, and then a red centre. On the wings, the Type B roundels are painted with a simple blue outer ring and a red centre. The red, white, blue fin flap exists on the tail vertical stabilizer.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Spitfire Mk Ia has an excellent rate-of-climb and a high top speed of 460 kph when flying in a straight line. The plane has a decently high wing-rip speed, which should not come into play in controlled dives.

It also possesses a very quick turning ability, although in some situations this can mean that manoeuvring energy retention is worse than one might expect. Roll rate is good a low speeds, but suffers about ~300 kph.

In general, the Spitfire performs best at low and medium altitudes: below 4500 m. Above this altitude, engine power and manoeuvrability suffer.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,267 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 527 || 507 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 16.7 || 17.7 || 10.7 || 10.7 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 617 || 584 || 14.6 || 15.0 || 26.2 || 19.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 230 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 275 || < 400 || < 350 || > 500
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,900 m || 1,020 hp || 1,357 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 4 mm Steel - Armour plate in pilot's seat
* 6-7 mm Steel -Armour plate behind the pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 8 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 2,800 total)

'''Notes:'''

* 153 rounds per second total output (1150 rpm x 8 / 60).
* Muzzle velocity 2,660 feet/second [810 m/s]. <ref>http://www.aviation-history.com/guns/303.htm</ref>
* The .303 was a rifle round, accurate but fairly ineffective in air combat unless in skilled hands. The calibre was chosen over the .50 as it was lighter, had a higher rate of fire and was less susceptible to jamming. However, it required an average 4500 rounds to disable an enemy aircraft <ref>Flying Guns: World War II by Anthony G Williams, Emmanuel Gustin (2003), p95</ref>, of which 250 rounds needed to hit (i.e. a full 2-second burst). The accurate placing of the shot was essential, as it lacked sufficient energy to cause structural damage.
* The design used an open bolt mechanism to allow air to flow through the barrel and prevent overheating. This worked well at lower altitudes but caused icing at high altitude. The red canvas wing-port covering kept the gun clean and warm; later marks also ducted hot air from the engine to regulate the gun's breech temperature. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire#Armament</ref>
* RAF recommended convergence in 1939 was 400 yards [365 meters] in contrast to the Luftwaffe, with experience from the Spanish Civil War, using 200 meters (which the RAF adopted by mid-1940). Although many high scoring pilots reduced this, close to 150 yards [137 meters] or less for an accurate kill, others ignored convergence altogether or went to a box-shot where paired guns were set to different convergences.
* Choice of ammunition is essential as AP and ball rounds rely on kinetic energy to cause damage, which is lost quickly in small calibre rounds. The API round will also transfer chemical energy into the target and so will be more effective on lightly armoured targets, particularly if they hit something flammable. Pure tracer rounds help to target, especially in combat manoeuvres where lead varies, but have little penetration on contact. <ref>http://users.skynet.be/Emmanuel.Gustin/fgun/fgun-fi.html</ref>

== Usage in battles ==


;Climbing

The Spitfire should first climb, using its excellent rate-of-climb. This can be done most efficiently in two ways depending on the preference of the pilot. If you want to get high quickly without having covered much distance you can start off with a 26 degrees climb until 4 km (13,123 ft) after which you should lower the nose of the aircraft down to a 20 degrees climb. If you want to get to a higher altitude at a more moderate tempo and cover more distance, the preference is then to climb the entire way at 20 degrees. The advantage of the first way is that you are hands down going to be the highest fighter in the game. The advantage of the second way is that you will be ahead of your bases enough and at the altitude of enemy bombers so that you can take easy head-on passes at bombers which in those situations are free and easy kills (if you fail a head-on against a bomber it is not recommended to turn around and attempt to finish off the bomber as the tail, ventral, dorsal and beam gunners have an advantage of you flying into their bullets).

'''Speed'''

The Spitfire is fast, with a top speed of around 600 kph, although in a straight line it normally only reaches around 460 kph (can be higher if you're using MEC). For 2.7 the Spitfire Mk Ia's speed is above average overall, being able to reliably outrun aircraft that can outturn it and outturn aircraft that can outrun it. Utilizing its great climb you can dive on faster, heavier aircraft to prevent then from extending away.

'''Engaging Enemy Aircraft'''

The spitfire is disadvantaged in head-ons due to the lack of armament in the center of the plane which means you will have to rely on your convergence settings and this almost never ends well. In a Spitfire, you should almost always go for turn-fight engagements. It is possible to fake a head-on (by pulling away once your enemy starts firing) if you're forced to by an enemy plane but it is highly recommended to never commit to a head-on engagement with a dedicated monoplane fighter. A skilled opponent will try to energy fight you which you need to look out for. You can lose your energy faster than you realize and when you do, you've most likely been baited and are an easy target.

The Spitfire has a relatively good ammo count. The 4-digit ammo can (most likely will not) be deceiving, since there are 8 guns on the aircraft, making only around 400 RPG. The guns should be used at around 400 meters to have the most devastating effect. If aimed correctly your enemy is going to have a bad day. You can use this to ground attack light or un-armoured targets, usually with stealth or omni-purpose belts, but this job should be left to dedicated gun-platforms, like the Hurricane and [[F6F-5|Hellcat]].

When in a fight with an enemy plane which is not Japanese, proceed to entice them into a turn fight. Wait until they get close enough and then turn into them, forcing a turning fight.

The Spitfire Mk Ia is a plane known for its maneuverability. It is faster than Japanese planes, so if attacked by one, either use a Rolling Scissors technique or just fly away. If in a good position, Boom & Zoom it by repeatedly strafing and then proceeding to either climb high and energy trap it, or extending away maintaining as much energy as possible.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


* The Bf 109 Friedrich (F) series are planes you will want to watch out for. They can do tremendous amounts of damage if you don't watch out. They also have very good turning performance given the pilot flying the 109 knows what he's doing and they could seriously catch you by surprise. The energy performance of this plane also greatly excels your own plane.
* Japanese planes - The Japanese fighter planes like the Ki-43 and A6M will turn all over the Spitfire. As such, do not exploit the Spitfire's turning ability against a Japanese opponent. Instead, use the Merlin engine power on the Spitfire to try and outrun the Japanese plane. When attacking a Japanese plane, try to use Boom & Zoom tactics rather than turning to keep an energy advantage over the opponent.
* Biplanes - Biplanes may be slow, but they are among some of the most manoeuvrable aircraft in War Thunder. You must not try to turn-fight them. Instead, climb or dive away from them and then use Boom & Zoom tactics. Luckily, biplanes are fragile and your eight machine guns will tear them apart.
* Heavy Bombers - Although you have eight machine guns, they are only 7.7 mm machine guns. With larger aircraft, you may find yourself expending all of your ammunition and not even coming away with a kill. The Spitfire is also quite fragile. You need to be careful of defensive turrets. Even light machine guns can take out your engine, kill your pilot and destroy combat surfaces.
* The [[I-180S]] premium Russian fighter is extremely manoeuvrable and has great energy retention which can sometimes even out-turn Spitfires at higher speeds, thus you must be very careful when engaging these planes, making sure you have an energy advantage, or it will be a difficult battle.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:Radar chart Spitfire Mk Ia.png|thumb|Fighter abilities of the Spitfire Mk.Ia]]

'''Pros:'''

* Good anti-fighter armament of eight machine guns that can shred them apart
* Outstanding turn rate, very good at turning fights
* Adequate roll rate at low speed
* Good performance at altitudes below 4.5 km
* Great rate of climb
* Decent amount of armour, a front 38 mm glass and rear 4-7 mm steel plates
* ''100 octane fuel'' modification provides roughly 15% increase in engine power
* Flies much like an improved biplane, great continuity for new players

'''Cons:'''

* Machine guns only effective if the target is hit in continuous bursts
* Machine gun armament lacks the long-range hitting power of cannons
* Ammo can run out quickly in prolonged, uncontrolled bursts
* Wing-mounted armament takes wing convergence into consideration
* Quick kills against large bombers without a pilot snipe is difficult, prolonged engagements expose the Spitfire to the defensive gunners
* Bad high altitude performance
* Roll rate stiffens dramatically at ~300 km/h
* Not the best diver
* Below average energy retention
* Fragile construction, damage to the airframe, control surfaces, or engine can cripple the plane
* Negative G's and inverted flight causes the Float Carburettor to fail, momentarily cutting out the engine
* Prone to overheating
* Like most turn-fighters, kills momentum when pulling a sharp turn
* Pulling back hard on the joystick can cause dangerous flat-spins in Simulator mode
* Poor simulator cockpit visibility
* Below average top speed

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
Despite the British Air Ministry's preference for biplane fighters in the early 1930s, Supermarine designer RJ Mitchell began work on an all-metal construction, single-engine, single-seat monoplane fighter with an enclosed cockpit and retractable landing gear. The Spitfire (Prototype K5054) made its first flight on March 5th 1936, and after demonstrating superb handling qualities, was ordered into mass production for the RAF. The first Spitfires entered service with No.19 Squadron at RAF Duxford in August 1938.

Initially, the Mk I variant was equipped with type A wings and four wing-mounted Colt-Browning Mk II .303 (7.7mm) machine guns, although this was soon increased to eight. Further upgrades included the use of a Rolls-Royce Merlin III engine instead of the original 1030 HP Merlin II; the original two blade fixed pitch wooden propeller was also replaced with a metal, variable pitch three bladed propeller of either Rotol or De Havilland design. A bulged canopy, bullet proof windscreen, armor plating and hydraulics to operate the gear and flaps were also introduced, partly as a result of the combat experience gained by Hurricane squadrons during the Battle of France.

The first Spitfires had a basic targeting system consisting of a ringed sight, but by July of 1939 a more sophisticated collimator sight, the GM2 Mk II, began to be used; machines already in service were retrofitted with the new sights.

In 1940, 30 aircraft were delivered to front line service for Operational Trials with the new Type B wing; the Spitfire Mk IB was armed with two 20mm Hispano cannon and four 0.303 Browning machine guns, and the older eight gun fighters were re-designated the Mk IA. However, the drum feed for the 20mm cannon proved to be very unreliable and prone to jamming, so the Mk IB was withdrawn from service.

At the time of its introduction, right through the Battle of Britain in the summer of 1940, the Spitfire Mk I was considered by many to be the greatest fighter aircraft in the world. By the time the Spitfire Mk II began to replace it, 1566 Mk Is had been built.

=== Aces ===
The Spitfire Mk.1A was the iconic British aircraft of the Battle of Britain. Leading Spitfire aces of this battle were: <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Few</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Nationality !! Squadron
|-
| Pilot Officer Eric Lock || British || 41
|-
| Flying Officer Brian Carbury || New Zealand || 603
|-
| Pilot Officer Colin Gray || New Zealand || 54
|-
| Pilot Officer Bob Doe || British || 234
|-
| Flight Lieutenant Paterson Hughes || Australia || 234
|}

=== Notable pilots ===

<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Douglas_Bader_profile.jpg|thumb|none|220px|User:U64962917#Bader,_Douglas_R.S.B.|The '''{{PAGENAME}}''' was the first Spitfire in which '''[[User:U64962917#Bader,_Douglas_R.S.B.|Douglas Bader]]''' flew. As it was he crashed the first one during take off, however immediately jumped into another and took to the air.]] </li>
</ul></div>

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|9_txEPailKc|'''The Shooting Range #92''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 01:54 discusses the Spitfire Mk Ia.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/275318-supermarine-spitfire-mk-ia/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references />

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Spitfire Mk Vb

2021-05-25T20:23:19Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ general information addition

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the tropical version
| link-1 = Spitfire Mk Vb/trop
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_mk5b_notrop
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_spitfire_mk5b_notrop.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.77 "Advancing Storm"]].

The Spitfire fills the turn-fighter class in the British line. It can perform many fighting tactics, such as energy fighting as well as turn-fighting. It has an impressive climb rate and turn time.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Mk V variants of the Spitfire series do not have the upgraded Merlin 61 engine, but instead the Merlin 45 and thus may have poorer performance compared to the [[Spitfire F Mk IX]]. Its wings can sustain a lot of stress, keeping still at steep dives and tight turns. Its control surfaces are large which means it has considerable control even at higher speeds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,878 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 560 || 542 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.4 || 18.0 || 13.6 || 13.6 || rowspan="2" | 340
|-
! Upgraded
| 619 || 589 || 16.1 || 16.5 || 24.3 || 18.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 230 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 450
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,900 m || 1,190 hp || 1,583 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 3 mm Steel - Armour plating around ammunition cases (each wing)
* 3 mm Steel - Armour plating propeller hub
* 1 mm Steel - Fore cockpit armour plate
* 4 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
* 7 mm Steel - Armour plate behind the pilot
* 6 mm Steel - Pilot's headrest
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

20 mm ground target belts are essential for dealing effective damage to enemy aircraft. The radiator upgrade is extremely useful in combating overheating. Other manoeuvrability upgrades are useful for turn fighting.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Browning .303 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (60 rpg = 120 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning .303 machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 1,400 total)

== Usage in battles ==


The Spitfire Mk Vb fills the role of an aerial superiority fighter in the British tier III lineup. It cannot fulfil any ground attack duties due to its low ammunition count and the absence of any heavy machine guns which can penetrate a tank's thin roof armour. In addition, the aircraft cannot carry any bombs or other air-to-ground ordnance. Like most Spitfires, the Spitfire Mk Vb is meant to be used as a pure aerial superiority fighter, while fighter-bomber duties are relegated to other aircraft, such as the [[Beaufighter (Family)|Beaufighter]] series.

The Spitfire Mk Vb is a well-rounded fighter that can turn excellently. When the plane is not fully upgraded, the Spitfire Mk Vb's Merlin-45 engine has less power than the Merlin-XII engine of the [[Spitfire Mk IIb]]. However, once all engine upgrades have been acquired the Merlin-45 is easily a superior engine with better cooling and power, blessing this variant of the Spitfire with better energy retention, better energy retention and better cooling than the Mk I and II Spitfires. The Spitfire Mk Vb has outstanding energy retention and easily gains speed in a dive and retains it after pulling out into more level flight. In addition, it does not lose speed too quickly in a turn and thanks to outstanding acceleration from the Merlin-45, the aircraft easily accelerates after pulling high-G turns that initially bled large amounts of speed. However, the newer, more powerful, and heavier engine and airframe means that the aircraft cannot turn as tightly or as fast as its predecessors.

The Spitfire Mk Vb/trop is armed with two pairs of British .303s with 350 rounds per gun and two Hispano Mk.II cannons with 60 rounds per gun. With such a low ammo count, the cannons should be used sparingly, and at close range. The lower-calibre machine guns may be fired independently of the cannons in order to range the enemy and determine the necessary lead.

Experienced Spitfire Mk Vb pilots use close convergence ranges. Generally, the best convergence range for a Spitfire is 300 metres, since the plane fights best at close-range. The basic strategy that many Spitfire pilots use is a tactic whereby they bait head-ons from enemy aircraft, before evading, and turning around to put shots into the target at close range while the enemy is pulling away. When the Spitfire has the initiative in the engagement and has successfully manoeuvred onto a six-o-clock aspect, it is nearly impossible for the enemy to regain the advantage. Using clever management of the throttle and manoeuvres to gain or bleed energy, an experienced pilot can stay on an opponent's six o'clock indefinitely.

This Spitfire has a good turn time compared to its opposition and cannot be out-turned by anything save for the Japanese Zero. However, the plane has low manoeuvrability at low speeds, and a tendency to lock up in high-speed dives.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Engine temperature is easy to control with cooldown from red to white only taking 10-20 seconds
* 20 mm cannons can easily destroy enemy fighters
* Excellent turn rate
* High rate of climb
* Structurally strong, will survive sharp turns

'''Cons:'''

* Low cannon ammunition count of 60 rounds per gun
* Guns are wing-mounted, requiring setting an appropriate convergence and trigger discipline
* Water overheats extremely easily and quickly when using War Emergency Power (WEP)
* When facing an up-tier, some Bf-109s will significantly out-perform your rate of climb

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
A single-seat, single-engine all-metal monoplane fighter. After the Mk II and two more experimental variants of the Spitfire, the next major variant to see mass production was the Spitfire Mk V. Central to this new Spitfire was its engine – the 1470 HP Rolls Royce Merlin 45. This was equipped with a single stage supercharger and, coupled with a new carburettor design, allowed the Mk V to perform zero G manoeuvres without starving the fuel flow to the engine; a problem which had plagued earlier models of the Spitfire. The engine change necessitated strengthening the engine housing and installing a more effective oil radiator with a circular rather than U-shaped housing, and fitting two strengthening longerons to the upper surfaces of each wing.

The Mk V initially followed a similar pattern to the Mk I and Mk II in that it was fitted either with the Type A or Type B wing, again carrying eight machine guns or two cannon and four machine guns respectively. Less than 100 of the Mk VA were produced; it would be the Mk VB with its formidable 20mm cannon and four machine guns which would be the major production model, with 3911 VBs manufactured.

Some of the fighters were made for tropical climate conditions: a Vokes filter was installed over the carburettor air intake, under the engine. It was covered by special "lips" which helped prevent excessive dust intake, but at the cost of top speed and rate of climb. This variant was named the Spitfire Mk VB/Trop and was used in the Mediterranean theatre of operations, especially North Africa and Malta.

The first Mk Vs entered combat in February of 1941. The improved power and performance characteristics of the Spitfire Mk V made it a competitive match for the new German Messerschmitt Bf109F, but it was found to be inferior to the new Focke-Wulf FW190. As a result, the Spitfire Mk V was the first variant to experiment with the option of clipped wing tips, which increased the aircraft's roll rate and top speed at low level, but sacrificed its rate of climb.

The Mk V formed the backbone of RAF Fighter Command across several theatres of operations, and was considered by some pilots to be the definitive model of the Spitfire.

=== Notable pilots ===
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Douglas_Bader_profile.jpg|thumb|none|220px|User:U64962917#Bader,_Douglas_R.S.B.|'''[[User:U64962917#Bader,_Douglas_R.S.B.|Douglas Bader]]''' flew the '''Spitfire Mk Va''' which differed from the '''Mk Vb''' in that the Vb had two 20 mm cannons and the Va did not, instead two more .303 machine guns on each wing for eight total.]] </li>
</ul></div>

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5371-development-spitfire-mk-v-model-update-and-new-modifications-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Spitfire Mk.V: model update and new modifications]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/402786-supermarine-spitfire-mk-vb/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Spitfire F Mk XIVe

2021-05-25T20:12:38Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ General improvements for consistency and information provision.

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the premium version
| link-1 = Spitfire FR Mk XIVe
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_mk14e
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.41]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,537 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 690 || 670 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.5 || 19.2 || 19.1 || 19.1 || rowspan="2" | 400
|-
! Upgraded
| 767 || 723 || 16.7 || 17.4 || 32.7 || 24.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 500
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,100 m || 1,510 hp || 2,150 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,100 m || 1,340 hp || 1,852 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 4 mm Steel plates in pilot's seat.
* 4-7 mm Steel plates behind the pilot.
* 3 mm Steel boxes around the wing ammunition.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate between fuel tanks.
* 6 mm Steel plate in front of liquid cooling system.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (135 rpg = 270 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, wing-mounted (260 rpg = 520 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 500 lb G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV bomb (500 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Spitfire F Mk XIVe, being outfitted with a Griffon engine, does not have as stellar of a climb rate as its Merlin engine counterparts. However, it still does have a very competitive rate of climb, and can usually come out above all but a few opponents. With such an altitude advantage, the pilot is able to choose which engagements to pursue, and the ability to choose engagements wisely is necessary. Since dogfighting in the Spitfire can involve prolonged turn-fights, make sure that no other enemies are nearby, or that if there are, that they can be dealt with by teammates. This plane's engines gives it great acceleration, and it also accelerates well in dives. Be careful though, since at very high speeds, sharp manoeuvres may cause the wings to snap.

As far as maoeuvrability goes, the Spitfire is still very good at turning, especially at high altitudes. It also has a good roll rate, making rolling scissors maoeuvres a viable tactic in dogfights.

With these flight characteristics, the Spitfire is a sort of jack of all trades. It can turnfight well, of course, but it can also boom and zoom or energy fight with much success. However, the plane does have some drawbacks. For one, the powerful engine is prone to overheating, so throttle and WEP management may be necessary. Additionally, performance at low altitudes can be inadequate in certain situations. Finally, the only ordnance that the plane can carry is a single 500 lb bomb. While this can certainly destroy an enemy tank in ground realistic battles, precise aim is required to do so consistently, and the one bomb is the only anti-tank weapon that the plane has. Still, it excels in an anti-fighter role in ground RB; its excellent manoeuvrability is well suited for the gamemode's tendency to involve one on one dogfights.

The Spitfire F Mk XIVe carries a fairly standard ammunition count: not particularly high and not very low. It's possible to spray a little bit, but it is also wise to keep an eye on your ammo count, and to preserve ammunition if possible.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good at turning, especially at high altitude
* Excellent climb rate
* Very accurate guns when modifications have been researched and equipped
* Lots of ammo for cannons and machine guns
* Very powerful engine that provides a very good acceleration
* Very good dive rate
* Can perform turn-fights, Boom-and-Zoom and energy fighting equally
* Good roll rate
* Effective counter to high-altitude fighters (i.e., Ta 152, G.56 etc.)
* Excellent bubble-style cockpit for simulator battles

'''Cons:'''

* Performance at low altitude is somewhat inadequate
* Guns perform inadequately when stock
* Wings are prone to breaking when diving at a very high speed just like any other Spitfire model
* Poor performance and manoeuvrability at low altitude
* No combat flaps configuration
* Gear and landing flaps rip easily - safe landings must be approached very slowly <150mph
* Insufficient close air support payload options
* Oil and water overheats quickly
* Poor for hunting heavy bombers like the [[B-29A-BN]], [[Pe-8]] and the [[G8N1]]

== History ==


=== In-game description ===
The Supermarine Spitfire Mk.XIV was a single engine, single seat fighter which served with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. In 1941 the Spitfire Mk.IV was the first Spitfire to be trialed with the new Rolls Royce Griffon engine. By the time the Griffon Spitfire entered service with the RAF in February 1943, subsequent modifications had redesignated the aircraft as the Spitfire Mk.XII. As successful as this new Spitfire was at low altitudes, the Mk.XII's performance was actually inferior to the Merlin engine Mk.IX at medium and high altitudes. Thus, the Spitfire Mk.XIV entered service as an interim fix. Fitted with a Rolls Royce Griffon 65 with two-stage supercharger producing 2050 hp, the Mk.XIV immediately corrected many of the performance shortcomings suffered by the Mk.XII. The fuselage was strengthened to harness the powerful engine and a five bladed Rotol propeller replaced the earlier four bladed examples. Early models were fitted with the Type C wing although later Mk.XIVs were equipped with the Type E wing housing two 20mm Hispano cannons and two .50 caliber Browning machine guns or four 20mm cannons, as well as a high visibility teardrop canopy. A common modification to the Mk.XIV was the clipped wing, which increased roll rate and gave a marginal increase to speed, but at the most of rate of climb.

The Spitfire Mk.XIV entered service with Nos. 91, 322 and 610 Squadrons in southeast England where it saw notable success as an interceptor against V-1 Flying Bombs but also as part of the 2nd Tactical Air Force in operations over occupied Europe. Spitfire Mk.XIVs were also planned for use in the Far East but whilst a number of airframes were shipped to Burma, none were operational before the end of the war. The Spitfire Mk.XIV met mixed reviews from its pilots; whilst there was no doubt of the huge performance increase the new variant offered, it was uncomfortable to fly and lacked the balance and control harmonization of earlier Merlin engine Spitfires. Just under 1000 Spitfire Mk.XIVs were produced with exports being employed by the Air Forces of India, Belgium and Thailand.

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|MNacjyimuCQ|'''The Shooting Range #95''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 03:42 discusses the Spitfire F Mk XIVe.|YrotBJk-VYk|'''The Shooting Range #124''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:28 discusses the Griffons.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341988-supermarine-spitfire-fmkxive/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

ADEN (30 mm)

2021-05-17T15:57:49Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ More info regarding cons for the ADENs: Poor muzzle velocity and bad accuracy after long sustained bursts

== Description ==

The 30 mm ADEN is a British revolver cannnon, and along with the [[ADEN Mk.4 (30 mm)|ADEN Mk.4]] is arguably one of the best 30 mm cannons in the game due to its extreme power, high rate of fire, decent accuracy and solid muzzle velocity. However, if the pilot is a bit too trigger happy, they might find themselves out of ammunition very quickly.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|hunter_f1}}
* {{Specs-Link|hunter_f6}}
* {{Specs-Link|hunter_f9_rhodesia}}
* {{Specs-Link|javelin_fmk9}}
* {{Specs-Link|lightning_f6}}
* {{Specs-Link|scimitar_f1}}
* {{Specs-Link|swift_f1}}
* {{Specs-Link|swift_f7}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}

:: The default round that all players start with. With a mix of AP and HEI-T rounds, it can double as an "universal" belt going between air and ground targets.

* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}

:: As the name implies, this belt is the best for Air-to-Air combat due to the replacement of the AP rounds with the powerful HEF-I rounds.

* '''Ground targets:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}

:: Basically the default belt with one less HEI-T round. If ground attack is your intention, use the default belts.

* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

:: Sacrifices the HEI-T rounds for AP shells in order to preserve stealth. Best option if you value the "surprise" factor, but otherwise use the Air Targets belt.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belts
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 47 || 39 || 30 || 27 || 23 || 19
|-
| Air targets || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
| Ground targets || 47 || 39 || 30 || 27 || 23 || 19
|-
| Stealth || 47 || 39 || 30 || 27 || 23 || 19
|-
|}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the good muzzle velocity, amazing fire rate and brutal damage, the ADEN is the ideal cannon for any situation the pilot might find themselves in. Their flexible nature allows for many play styles and can cater to engagement. The high rate of fire and adequate muzzle velocity combined with the bullet's power makes it a solid dogfighting weapon, or it can use its great damage and bullet hose tendencies to light up bombers of all kinds, as an initial burst is usually enough to down any plane when aimed well.

Versus fighters, you want to aim for centre mass, preferably near the cockpit or engine in order to ensure the most bullets hit the target, and one does not have to worry about shots going into the fuselage being useless due to the explosiveness of the rounds. Versus bombers, you want to aim for the wings and engines when approaching from a non-head on angle, as you can very easily shred through wings, taking out the bomber by extension.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire
* Brutal damage per shell - can disintegrate even heavy bombers in a well-aimed burst
* Can fit many roles on the battlefield due to AP shells which can penetrate 47 mm of armour
* Tied with the French DEFA cannons for highest burst mass in the game
* Fairly accurate
* Amazing belts
* Relatively high ammo count

'''Cons:'''

* Chews through ammo due to the ludicrous rate of fire
* Requires some trigger discipline
* Sub-par muzzle velocity, especially compared to the [[M61 (20 mm)|M61]], Browning [[Browning M3 (12.7 mm)|50cal]], American [[M39A1 (20 mm)|20mm]] autocannon
* Muzzle heat (after long bursts) significantly hampers accuracy

== History ==

'''WWII Auto-Cannon Development'''

During WWII, the German firm Mauser developed a new design of Auto-Cannon relying on a motorized gas-driven firing mechanism instead of a traditional firing system in order to maximize fire rate. They dubbed the cannon the "Mauser MG 213" and continuously matured the design with improvements such as the replacement of the revolver cassette to a diagonal cam with a follower.

Unfortunately, by the time the MG 213 was proposed, the German outcome of the war was clear and they had lacked the ability to waste valuable resources on an extremely complicated cannon when the already in use [[MG 151/20 (20 mm)|MG 151/20]], [[MK 108 (30 mm)|MK 108]] and [[MK 103 (30 mm)|MK 103]] preformed quite amicably. Mauser continued to work on their design until the war ended, and the project was subsequently abandoned.

'''After The War'''

After the war ended, the MG 213 became well known among many armament circles and many firearm firms saw its potential, so they took up the design. A common 30x113 mm shell was designed in order to improve the poor muzzle velocity of the MK 108 round, 540 m/s versus the new design's 790 m/s. The new shell's muzzle velocity was only a tad bit slower than the 20 mm contemporary, the [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]]'s 840 m/s, making it suitable for dogfighting and for use versus larger targets. Thanks to the motorized firing mechanism, the effective rate of fire on the revolver cannon was 1,300, a significant improvement over the already fast-firing Hispano Mk.V.

'''British Design'''

After seeing the destructive potential of the revolver cannon and its new shells, the Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield rapidly set up production and development of the cannon. The cannon was named ADEN, a combination of the shortening of the Armament Development Establishment and the N for Enfield. First entering production with the [[Hunter F 1|Hawker Hunter]], the cannon was then armed on every British gun-armed aircraft until the 1980's. Four official variants were produced until the type's eventual discontinuation, although a fifth variant was designed improving the fire rate to 1,500-1,700 RPM, but was never fully realized. No new variants of the Mk.5 ADEN cannon were produced, but the older models were upgraded to fit these parameters, redesignated as the "Mk 5 Straden".

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[DEFA 541 (30 mm)]], [[DEFA 551 (30 mm)]] and [[DEFA 552 (30 mm)]] - The French equivalent of the ADEN cannons.
* [[FMC T-160 (20 mm)|FMC T-160]] - An American 20 mm development of the MG 213. Redesignated as the "M39" later in its life.

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

Swift F.7

2021-05-16T13:00:25Z

U36317457: /* Pros and cons */ Edited Pros and Cons a wee bit.

{{About
| about = British jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Swift F.1
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=swift_f7
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} was the last variant in the line of Swift fighters produced by Supermarine Aviation Works. This fighter was one of Britain's fighters to come out of the early 1950s. Post-war England saw new leadership which made the faulty assumption that for the next ten years or so, no new major conflict would happen and therefore defence spending, research and development on new aircraft was reduced to a trickle, mostly experimental prototypes made for research purposes.

The early 1950s saw a change of leadership and Winston Churchill made sweeping changes which amped up research and development churning out Swift fighters as part of that. In the haste to research, develop and produce these fighters, problems crept up in the aircraft which happened so fast, it was difficult to stop the manufacturing process long enough to make the necessary updates, especially problems found during flight trials. These updates when made produced the different Swift variants which lead to the final production of the {{PAGENAME}}. By now a majority of the problems with the aircraft had been ironed out, however, the F.7 never entered active service, instead, the fourteen built acted as training aircraft which taught pilots how to get used to shooting off air-to-air missiles, namely the Fireflash.
[[File:Swift F7 elitefe24 001.jpg|350px|thumb|left|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' showing effective camouflage for the terrain it is flying in.]]
Though never seeing combat during its short career, the {{PAGENAME}} has an opportunity to make a name for itself in War Thunder. Not as fancy or bristling with weapons like a Sabre or a MiG, the {{PAGENAME}} has its place in the sky and can dance with the best, and even shoot them down. Armed with two 30 mm ADEN cannons and two Fireflash air-to-air missiles, while maintaining between 700 and 810 km/h, this fighter can get the best of even superior aircraft it may go against. Its slower speeds may allow for an overshoot of an enemy aircraft which may place it in front of the Swift's gun sights or even for the radar beam riding Fireflash, of which the enemy pilot will have no indication it was launched unless they are diligent about watching behind them. In the right hands, the {{PAGENAME}} and its weapons have the ability to humble enemy pilots and their superior aircraft.

== General info ==
[[File:Swift F7 mcchungusbites 001.png|450px|thumb|right|The sleek '''{{PAGENAME}}''' searching for targets.]]
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a good fighter which excels in playing the interceptor role, however like the three bears from Goldilocks' story; this jet has a sweet spot in speed where it does well. Like many jets, this one does not do so well when slow and it becomes an easy target for others to attack. On the other hand, flying too fast causes the controls to lock up, preventing any real manoeuvring at all and, if playing in realistic or simulator battles, ripping off the wing-tips is a very real problem when moving too fast.

The sweet spot or "just right" speed zone for the {{PAGENAME}} is between 700 km/h and 810 km/h. Here the jet will have sufficient speed to properly manoeuvre. Diving either to shoot down another aircraft or to get away from someone on your tail can be a challenge as doing so can result in the aircraft superseding the 810 km/h threshold (easily going into the mid 900s) and end up a sitting duck unable to manoeuvre or if close enough to the ground turning into a lawn dart because it could not pull up due to the control surfaces locking up.

Speed management is key to survival - the afterburner can aid with increasing the aircraft's speed if slow - and with the afterburner the aircraft has a really good climb rate - it can accelerate significantly even in a steep climb. However, slowing down to keep from going too fast is a major problem because this aircraft does not have an air brake and just reducing the throttle will not help very much. Two options are available to reduce speed in this aircraft and the first is to deploy landing flaps. The landing flaps have been reinforced and should not rip when used to slow the aircraft down and can be deployed and retracted as needed. Another option to help bleed off any unnecessary speed is to lift the nose of the aircraft (pull up or back on the control stick). Placing the fighter into a nose-high attitude will help with decreasing speed to a safe zone when the pilot can resume normal flight.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,048 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 980 || 977 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.5 || 26.9 || 14.8 || 10.1 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
|993|| 985 ||24.1|| 25.0 ||42.6|| 28.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 1,035 || 465 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 600 || < 600 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Avon Mk.116 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,540 kg || colspan="2" | 273 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel
|-
| 1,000 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,096 kg || 7,916 kg || 8,463 kg || 9,530 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,126 kgf || 4,501 kgf
| 0.63 || 0.57 || 0.53 || 0.47
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,126 kgf (0 km/h) || 4,501 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.63 || 0.57 || 0.53 || 0.47
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


;Armour

* 12.7 mm steel plate behind pilot's seat
* 50 mm bulletproof glass in canopy windscreen

The simple armour setup on this fighter affords protection to the pilot, via the front windscreen having 50 mm bulletproof glass to help protect against head-on attacks. Behind the pilot's seat is a 12.7 mm steel plate which is in place to provide protection for the pilot if their aircraft is shot from behind. The fuel tanks and the engine should take most of the brunt of an attack from behind, but in the event, something gets through the steel plate is meant to be the last line of protection.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
[[File:Swift F7 elitefe24 002.jpg |450px|thumb|right|]]
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ADEN (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm ADEN cannons, belly-mounted at right side (135 + 185 = 320 total)

This aircraft has been outfitted with two 30 mm ADEN autocannons. Though they are mounted on the fuselage resulting in not having to configure for convergence the pilot will need to account for both autocannons being mounted on the right side of the aircraft fuselage near the right air intake. Pilots which are used to having balanced machine guns or autocannons (equal amounts on both left and right side) will need to slightly adjust their aim to ensure the bullets don't miss just to the side of where they would normally aim. The ADEN cannons when they do hit their mark usually result in a critical hit or a destroyed aircraft with wings flying in one direction and tail sections going in another.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Fireflash}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x Fireflash missiles

The Fireflash missile was the first air-to-air guided missile put into service with the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force. Built by Fairey Aviation, the same company who built the [[Swordfish Mk I|Swordfish]], this missile utilised radar beam riding guidance to get the missile onto a target. The odd-looking missile consists of a central dart attached to two boosters. The boosters spin-stabilize the missile in flight and propel the missile to speeds upwards of Mach 2. 1.5 seconds after launch, with fuel spent, the boosters separate and the missile would coast the rest of the way to the target, still receiving guidance from the controlling aircraft.

This missile has an effective range of about 4 km (2.4 mi) before it no longer has the kinetic energy to continue. This missile is best used in short-range encounters such as head-on attacks where the enemy fighter is closing the distance rather than flying away. This missile can be used during tail chases as long as you maintain close distance and can keep the radar on the enemy long enough for the missile to acquire its target. The Fireflash is a finicky missile which requires practice and patience, though not as simple to use as other missiles found in-game, it can be a surprise to enemy fighters they are not expecting resulting in them having to go back and watching replays in unbelief to see what took them out. Having only two of these missiles to rely on will require the pilot to exercise restraint and not launch one if the chances of a hit are marginal and instead maybe turn to the 30 mm cannons instead in that instance.

{{Notice|Unlike heat-seeking missiles, beam riding missiles will not trigger a missile launch warning for the enemy player.}}

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Swift F7 elitefe24 003.jpg|450px|thumb|right|]]
The Swift F.7 is played similar to the [[Hunter F.1|Hunter]] as more of a Boom and Zoom aircraft, though it retains dogfighting capability, especially when making use of take-off flaps. The aircraft has a sweet spot for its manoeuvrability around 600-800 km/h. Above those speeds, sustaining a hard turn (or alternatively turning and rolling simultaneously) can result in a ripped wing. It is generally advised to keep some altitude with the aircraft. The missiles are SACLOS-guided and can be useful in head-on. The vehicle has an afterburner which results in higher acceleration than most jets that you will face, though opponents such as the [[Shenyang F-5]] and [[AV-8A]] Harrier are capable of accelerating faster. It is recommended to use either 20 minutes of fuel or full tank as 7 minutes does not allow for prolonged use of the afterburner, nor does it allow for loitering.

The Swift F.7 is capable of maintaining a 960 km/h climb at a pitch of 15°, allowing it to achieve altitude of 4 to 5 km easily while maintaining a high speed and catching climbing opponents off-guard. It performs excellently in the support role, where it can Boom and Zoom pre-occupied enemies or maintain a very high speed of over 1,000 km/h in level flight, making gentle turns and passes on opponents who are pre-occupied and being put into vulnerable positions by allied aircraft.

Alternatively the Swift F.7 can be played more aggressively, making use of its energy retention and high thrust-to-weight to engage and wear down enemy fighters. Its take-off flaps can be used as air brakes due to their high rip speed and allow it to manoeuvre at high angles of attack, helping to get guns on target in one-on-one engagements at lower speeds, though it is not recommended to use them excessively nor rate fight due to the speed that will be bled. It is important to note that usage of the take-off flaps at over ~850 km/h will counter-intuitively reduce the turning rate of the aircraft, so they should not be used to manoeuvre on target in high speed dives and passes.

When in a compromised position against a more manoeuvrable aircraft the priority should be to gain separation with the enemy. This can be done against most opponents by accelerating to high speeds using the afterburner, as you can maintain a higher speed in level flight than most aircraft you will face - the Swift F.7 is capable of reaching 1,100 km/h in level flight at sea level while making use of the afterburner. Once separation has been achieved you can make use of your higher energy state and speed to gain some altitude and re-engage on your terms.

===Radars===

The Swift F.7 is equipped with an AN/APG-30 rangefinding radar, located in the nose of the aircraft.
It will automatically detect other planes within the scanning area and display the range to the closest target. It is linked with a gyro gunsight and can help with aiming at close range.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AN/APG-30 - Rangefinding radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 2,750 m || 300 m || ±9° || ±9°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent climb rate with afterburner
* High top speed at sea level
* Access to excellent Fireflash short-range beam guided missiles
* Fireflash missiles work against tanks in ground attack scenarios
* Two powerful 30 mm ADEN autocannons
* Fireflash can be considered an all-aspect missile considering only needing radar and mouse guidance
* Retains energy very well
* Fireflash missiles could be used without the need to lock on target, meaning faster response time
* Flaps are stupendously strong, will not rip unless you surpass Mach 1

'''Cons:'''

* No dedicated air brake, must use take-off flaps as an airbrake at high speeds, or alternatively manoeuvre, risking ripping wings
* Severe control surface locking above 820 km/h
* Wingtips will break around 800 km/h when turning high G in realistic or simulator battles
* Both autocannons are on right side of the aircraft fuselage, requires slight adjustment when aiming
* Afterburner will overheat after prolonged use
* Fireflash missiles have to be manually guided to the target by pointing the aircraft in the direction of the target
* Poor manoeuvrability at high speeds and high risk of ripping wings while doing so
* Less ammunition for your 30mm ADENS than the F1 variant - requires more ammo conservation

== History ==

In the years following the end of WW2, Great Britain focused their efforts on rebuilding their nation from the devastation caused by the war as the British government didn't consider a new war possible in the following ten years. Under these circumstances, developing new military technology wasn't considered a priority in most cases.

As a result, Great Britain found itself lagging behind in military aviation at the start of the 1950s by the outbreak of the Korean War. This prompted the RAF to hastily look for a new fighter aircraft to put into service, even if it meant taking into consideration an interim design.

One of the designs that sparked the RAF's interest was a new swept-wing aircraft developed by the Supermarine company - the Type 510. Being in essence just a modified Supermarine Attacker, development of this design continued, eventually maturing into the Type 541.

Soon, the Type 541 received the highest development priority and was hastily rushed through testing and into production as the Supermarine Swift. In fact, production was so rushed that it began before necessary design changes could even be applied from the results of the test flights conducted with the Type 541 prototypes.

Nonetheless, the Supermarine Swift F.1 entered service with the RAF in February 1954, followed shortly afterwards by the F.2 variant. However, many of the aircraft's teething problems weren't resolved as a result of being rushed into production. This resulted in a number of accidents happening early on involving the Swift , leading to the aircraft being grounded for a time.

Newer modifications were developed, which addressed most of the known issues. However, it was a case of too little too late for the Swift, as it quickly became replaced by the Hawker Hunter. In the end, just under 200 Supermarine Swifts were produced out of the close to 500 planned aircraft. The Swift was phased out of active service relatively quickly after its introduction, with the last fighter models being withdrawn by the RAF in the mid to late 1950s.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6342-development-supermarine-swift-banking-on-success-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=jet_fighter&vehicle=swift_f7 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
Image:Swift F7 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
Image:Swift F7 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|bBeNjjWfoyQ|'''The Fireflashes Are The Most Fun You'll Have With Missiles''' - ''Spit_flyer''|kLUvhT1l14w|'''Is The Supermarine Swift F.7 Worth your time?''' - ''DEFYN''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* Supermarine [[Attacker FB 1]]
* Supermarine [[Attacker FB.2]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* North American [[F-86 (Family)|F-86]] Sabre
* Dassault [[M.D.450B Ouragan]]
* de Havilland [[Venom FB.4|Venom]]
* Grumman [[F9F (Family)|F9F Cougar]]
* Hawker [[Hunter (Family)|Hunter]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-17 (Family)|MiG-17]]
* Saab [[J29D]] Tunnan

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6342-development-supermarine-swift-banking-on-success-en|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> Supermarine Swift: Banking on Success]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/463997-swift-f7/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}

Caernarvon

2021-05-16T12:48:15Z

U36317457: Improved Pros and Cons. Swapped a Pro into the Con category.

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_fv221_caernarvon
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced along with the initial British tree line in [[Update_1.55_"Royal_Armour"|Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]]. Featuring heavy armour on the hull with a [[Centurion Mk 3]] turret, the Caernarvon provides adequate armour, mobility with the bite of a 20-pounder. The variant featured in the game is the ''Mark II'', the experimental series with the 20-pounder whereas the ''Mark I'' was the initial prototype with a 17-pounder instead.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret roof, cupola roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (turret, cupola)
* Structural steel (side skirts, mudguards, storage boxes)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 127 mm (60°) ''Upper glacis'' 76.2 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 50.8 + 4 mm || 38.1 mm ''Upper plate'' 20 mm (61°) ''Lower glacis'' || 127 mm (30°) ''Front glacis'' 50.8 mm (0-7°) ''Driver compartment'' 18 mm ''Centre'' 8 mm ''Engine vent'' 8 + 18 mm (7°) ''Radiator vent''
|-
| Turret || 120 + 152 mm (cylindrical) ''Turret front - Centre'' 89-152 mm (5-11°) ''Turret front - Sides '' 100-152 mm (cylindrical) ''Gun mantlet'' 200 mm ''MG port'' || 89 mm (5-9°) || 89 mm ''Bustle'' 89 mm (17-22°) ''Turret base'' || 50.8 mm (19°) ''Front'' 29 mm ''Centre'' 50.8 mm (4-32°) ''Peripheral edge''
|-
| Cupola || 152 mm (cylindrical) ''Base'' 29 mm (51-75°) ''Upper part'' || 152 mm (cylindrical) ''Front half'' 90 mm (cylindrical) ''Rear half'' || 90 mm (cylindrical) || 29 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and bogies are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Steel boxes and side skirts located on the hull and turret sides add 4 mm of armour.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 1046|rbMinHp= 716}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|20pdr OQF Mk.I (84 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[20pdr OQF Mk.I (84 mm)|84 mm 20pdr OQF Mk.I]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 65 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 16.18 || 22.40 ||27.20|| 30.08 || 32.00 || rowspan="2" | 8.19 || rowspan="2" | 7.25 || rowspan="2" | 6.68 || rowspan="2" | 6.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.90 || 14.00 || 17.00 || 18.80 || 20.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The AP round is good to knock out crew members at it creates spalling. The solid shot does usually more damage inside enemy tanks than the APDS but its penetration power is lesser. When using APDS, target ammo racks (which it will easily set off). Know the weak spots on most vehicles s well as the crew's and modules' positions as you don't have rounds with explosive filler. The APDS shot can penetrate any Panthers' UFP, and also the Ferdinand's and Ho-Ri's frontal armour.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot Mk.1 || APCBC || 232 || 229 || 216 || 201 || 187 || 173
|-
| Shot Mk.3 || APDS || 285 || 283 || 262 || 239 || 218 || 198
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15 || 15
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.1 || APCBC || 1,000 || 9.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.3 || APDS || 1,400 || 3.2 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 || HE || 600 || 7.5 || 0 || 0.1 || 1,130 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| 20pdr Shell SS Mk.1 || 250 || 9.3 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty

|-
| '''65''' || 64 ''(+1)'' || 56 ''(+9)'' || 48 ''(+17)'' || 40 ''(+25)'' || 32 ''(+33)''
|-
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| 12 ''(+53)'' || 9 ''(+56)'' || 5 ''(+60)'' || 1 ''(+64)'' || No
|-
|}

Notes:

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear from the rack after having been loaded in the breech.
* Racks 7, 8 and 9 are first stage ammo racks. They total 11 shells and get filled first when loading up the tank.
* These 3 racks are also emptied first when firing: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 7 - 9 - 8 - 1 - 2 until 6.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from rack 1 then 2 until 6 into racks 9 then 8 and 7. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,600 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
The small calibre of the BESA machine gun makes it largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment. It still can be used to ping targets as a rangefinding help or to mow down minor obstacles blocking your line of sight.

== Usage in battles ==


;Arcade Battles

In Arcade Battles, it is recommended to take mostly APDS shells, because the gameplay is much more reactive and it's more important to penetrate an enemy vehicle wherever you hit - because you don't have time to aim, or the enemies are very fast-moving due to increased horsepower.

In terms of game strategies, the Caernarvon is very versatile (almost MBT-like). You can get into sniping positions and rain shells on all enemies that enter your line of sight (or target the more armoured vehicles such as the Ferdinand and the Ho-Ri Production, which are impenetrable to many tanks around 6.7); you can also serve as a breakthrough tank, not because of armour, but because of speed and the stabilizer which allows you to shoot on the move at enemies that dare block your path; or, you can flank, although that role is often taken by much faster vehicles such as Ru 251, BMP-1 and R3.

To succeed in Arcade, you must learn to use your advantages, most notably the stabilizer and the APDS round. For example, whenever you are in a stand-off with a non-stabilized tank - get into cover, and when they try to drive out to hold your angle, you can also drive out and shoot them, because your gun will be ready to fire faster than theirs, even though they started driving out of cover before you.

;Realistic Battles

In Realistic Battles, most players prefer to take out the solid shot, because it has the potential to damage many more components while maintaining decent penetration values. However, you should take your time to aim this shot, because it will not penetrate some tougher enemies (e.g. Ferdinand, Ho-Ri Production, or IS-3/IS-4), or take some APDS rounds with you.

When playing the Caernarvon in Realistic Battles, try to play a supportive role. You don't know where the enemies are, and your armour will not save you from an ambush, so rely on your teammates to lead the way. Here, the sniping strategy is much more viable, because your round velocities are very high, making aiming over 1 km much easier, moreover 10 degrees of depression allow you to play in hilly areas and take pot shots at unsuspecting enemies (especially the Russian tanks, who lack gun depression). You can still push forward with your team because your stabilizer still allows you to take much more accurate reactive shots (or when on the move).

To succeed in Realistic, you must use cover and let your teammates take the shots. Usually, you will be able to return fire to avenge a teammate, and most of the time you get the kill, due to easy gun handling.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Same armament as the Centurion Mk 3, has a very good stock round and access to APDS
* Very fast reload for a large calibre
* Fast turret and hull traverse
* Good acceleration
* The Caernarvon plays like a beefed up Centurion Mk 3
* Brake system is very responsive
* Access to gun stabilizer
* Wider tracks enables the Caernarvon to navigate through bad terrain much better than the Centurion Mk 3
* Upper Front Plate is extremely strong - it has 127mm thickness at a 60° angle
* Extremely strong gun mantlet
* Armour profile on the turret face is inconsistent - enemies think twice before firing

'''Cons:'''

* Lower glacis is still a weak spot
* Large ammo rack behind LFP (Can be removed by bringing less than 34 shells)
* APDS shot does punctual damage
* No explosive filler in any shells
* Weak side armour, should not be exposed in any way when engaging an enemy
* Top armour covering the engine is still only 8 mm
* While a heavy tank, still has many weak spots in its armour
* Armour only effective against WW2 German and American guns
* HEAT and up-tiers are the bane of your existence
* Extraordinarily high repair cost

== History ==

===Development===
In 1944, General Staff started a project called ''A45 Infantry Support Tank'', which started around the same time as the development of the [[Centurion Mk 3|A41 Centurion]] cruiser tank. This project, after the war, was redesignated from a typical "Infantry Tank" and instead focused on a new role of a "Universal Tank" design in the form of the FV 200 series. The "Universal Tank" concept was to design a vehicle that would have a mobility comparable to that of cruiser tanks, but with the armour and firepower of heavy tanks. The FV 200 series designation was adopted and was to serve as a line of vehicles that used the same hull and chassis in different roles like armour recovery vehicles and self-propelled guns. The first tank of this series was to be the FV 201, which would be 55 tons and had the 20-pounder gun.

In 1949, a new requirement for the project called for the use of a 120 mm gun, possibly in response to the reveal of the Soviet [[IS-3]] heavy tank in the Berlin Victory Parade in 1945. This new requirement would delay the initial deadlines for the tank as no gun of that caliber had been developed yet. As a interim development before such a gun could be made, the FV 201 hull was mounted with a turret from a Centurion Mk.2, which had a 17-pounder gun. This Centurion turret mated FV 201 tank was designated the '''FV 221 Caernavon''', with a ''Mark I'' for the 17-pounder. The later combination of the [[Centurion Mk 3]] turret instead of the Mk.2 upped the armament of the tank to the more powerful 20-pounder gun, this version named the ''Mark II''. About 21 units of the Caernarvon Mark II was made in this method.

===Successor===
The Caernarvon, powerful as it was at the time period, was intended to fulfill the role of the new "Main Battle Tank" concept in the FV 200 series. However, the success of the lighter Centurion cruiser tank made it apparent that the Centurion was more capable in that role than the heavier and less mobile Caernarvon. Thus, this role was not given to the Caernarvon and its design was used instead for further chassis development for future tank development. In 1955, the basis of the Caernarvon was built into the first [[Conqueror|Conqueror]] tank. Several Caernarvon Mk.II's were rebuilt into Conqueror Mk. 2 standards in between 1958 and 1959.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=heavy_tank&vehicle=uk_fv221_caernarvon Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:02 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|9ayZTC2A6Ks|'''T34 vs {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|Fjh-tTr6TPs|'''Best Combo #2''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:00 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|fvOxbA46lZc|'''{{PAGENAME}} - How To Master It - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''|p7ggBFTdxCk|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[Conqueror]]

;Vehicles equipped with the same gun

* [[Charioteer Mk VII]]
* [[FV4202]]
* [[Centurion Mk 3]]
* [[Centurion Action X]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[T34]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Conqueror_(tank)|[Wikipedia] Conqueror (tank)]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar-uk-tank-medium-gun-fv221-caernarvon/ <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Tank, Medium Gun, FV221 Caernarvon]

{{Britain heavy tanks}}