War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

ZTZ99-II

2021-07-27T11:47:04Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ Completed ammo racks

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_ztz_99
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Hot Tracks"]].

Also known as the '''Type 99''', the ZTZ99 is perhaps the most famous Chinese main battle tank. It looks similar to the [[ZTZ96A]] at a quick glance, with similar "arrowhead" ERA arrays on the front turret, but the dimensions are larger and the hull layout is more similar to the Soviet [[T-72 (Family)|T-72]]. The ZTZ99 boasts great firepower, good protection, excellent thermal sights, and improved engine power in addition to nifty features like a laser warning system and thermal sights for the commander. Notable weaknesses include substandard mobility, slow reload, numerous weak spots, and the lack of a supporting lineup, but these are not new to Chinese tankers in War Thunder. The ZTZ99 presents an iconic and long-awaited tank to better the PLA ground forces line.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Like the [[T-80U]], the ZTZ99 uses both composite armour and advanced ERA with kinetic protection. Composite armour is present on the turret cheeks and on the upper glacis; it is unremarkable by itself, but the areas with full coverage of both composite armour and FY-4 ERA are even capable of resisting the [[Leopard 2A6]]'s DM53 APFSDS. Unfortunately, these areas are limited to the turret cheeks and lower portion of the upper glacis. Interestingly, the ERA is resistant to tandem charge warheads, which allows it to withstand ATGMs that other ERA equipped vehicles can't.

There are plenty of weak spots on the hull. First, the lower glacis has no composite armour or ERA whatsoever and can be penetrated by practically anything, and it also is proportionally larger than on Soviet MBTs. Penetrating shots there have a large chance of detonating the ammo in the autoloader and destroying the tank. The upper glacis composite armour is modeled with a large cutout for the driver's optics, as on the Soviet T-64/72 series, and even the FY-4 ERA there is not enough to save it from powerful APFSDS. Some small portions of the upper glacis are not covered by ERA either.

The turret has its fair share of weak spots as well. The gun mantlet area has no composite armour and penetrating shots will usually take out the gun breech and possibly a crew member. There is a cutout in the ERA array on the left cheek to allow the driver to enter and exit the tank that reduces the protection there. Lastly, this vehicle is an early production ZTZ99 that features a round, cast steel "forehead" on top of the turret, merging into the gunner and commander cupolas. This forehead has inadequate protection against APFSDS rounds and penetrating shots might take out the gunner or commander. Since no ammunition is stored in the turret, frontal turret penetrations will likely only take out one crew member at a time.

The ZTZ99 does not have any ERA on the hull sides and the base hull side armour of 50 mm is thinner than Soviet MBTs, so be careful of IFVs with autocannons. Successful hits to the side will usually total the tank, either detonating the ammo racks or knocking out the turret crew.

The ZTZ99's armour protection has enough gaps that it can be considered "trolly" as opposed to "well-protected", but the areas that are well-protected are very strong. It's best to stay at long range and utilize the ZTZ99's low profile in conjunction with cover to make it difficult for enemies to hit the weak spots. Putting some bushes near the driver's hatch or gun mantlet might help. Remember that ERA is destroyed upon absorbing fire and the composite armour alone does not have sufficient protection for a top-tier vehicle.

As a last note, an active protection system is physically modeled on the left side of the turret roof, but it is currently not implemented in War Thunder. The ZTZ99 does not have the capability to spoof ATGMs like the [[T-90A]].




=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1860|rbMinHp=1061}}

The ZTZ99's mobility is below average for a top tier vehicle. It has a sizable 1200 horsepower diesel engine, which is comparable to the [[T-80U]]'s 1250 gas turbine engine. However the ZTZ99 also weighs more than 50 tons, which approaches the weight of the [[Leopard 2A4]] and [[M1 Abrams]]. Among contemporaries, the power-to-weight ratio is better than the [[Challenger 2]] and comparable to the [[Ariete PSO]] or [[T-72B3]]. Though it is quite fast in a straight line, it does need a considerable long time to pick up speed especially when stock or across rough terrain. It also does not have neutral steering, and the reverse speed of 5 km/h is truly abysmal. The ZTZ99 can get into battle reasonably quickly but does not excel at flanking and will struggle to retreat from sticky situations.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|ZPT98 (125 mm)}}

The ZPT98 cannon is a 125 mm smoothbore cannon with an autoloader, much like the 2A46 cannon used by the T-72 or the Type 88C cannon used by the ZTZ96, but it is 50 calibers long instead of 48. The reload speed of 7.5 seconds is the slowest of any top-rank vehicle, so destroying or crippling enemies in one shot is important. The gun handling is the same as the ZTZ96 series, being slightly better than most Soviet MBTs barring the [[T-72B3]] but still lower than most Western MBTs.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ZPT98 (125 mm)|125 mm ZPT98]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 39 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 28.6 ||39.5||48.0||53.1||56.5|| rowspan="2" | 7.50 || rowspan="2" | 7.50 || rowspan="2" | 7.50 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 ||21.0||25.5||28.2||30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 466 || 464 || 458 || 450 || 442 || 434
|-
| DTW-125 || APFSDS || 568 || 566 || 558 || 549 || 538 || 529
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
|DTP-125||HEATFS||905||18||0.05||0.1||2,190||65°||72°||77°
|-
|DTB-125||HE||850||23||0.00||0.1||5,460||79°||80°||81°
|-
|125-I||APFSDS||1730||4.02||N/A||N/A||N/A||78°||80°||81°
|-
|DTW-125||APFSDS||1730||4.83||N/A||N/A||N/A||78°||80°||81°
|-
|}

Reload time aside, the ZTZ99's firepower is good. Most of its ammunition selections are identical to the ZTZ96 series.

The stock DTP-125 HEAT-FS round has the typical penetration of 480 mm shared by Western MBTs with 120 mm guns, but this is not enough to deal with tanks with composite armour, which are the norm at the ZTZ99's battle rating. The post-penetration damage is also disappointing. Only use it as an interim shell before APFSDS is unlocked. With 2.19 kg of explosive mass, it is sometimes capable of knocking out light targets like SPAAs and light tanks with overpressure damage, so keep an eye out for those.

The stock DTB-125 HE shell is once again the strongest of any top-tier MBT. It can actually cause more damage to MBTs than the HEAT-FS round if fired at turret rings, hull roofs, and turret cupolas, especially after the introduction of pressure damage. Well placed impacts have a good chance of transmitting the shockwave into the crew compartment and knocking the target out instantly, even against the toughest MBTs like the [[Leopard 2A6]]. It helps to keep a few HE rounds around even after APFSDS is unlocked as they excel at causing pressure damage to light targets.

The 125-I APFSDS round is a Tier 1 modification. Though it first appeared on the [[ZTZ96]], it is still a decent option for the ZTZ99 and eases the stock grind considerably. It has very similar flat penetration and superior angled penetration to the 3BM42 "Mango" round used by Soviet tanks and can penetrate most contemporary opponents through at least the lower front plate and gun breech.

Waiting at Tier 4 is the DTW-125 APFSDS round. It is lethal and very similar in performance to the Leclerc's OFL 120 F1, having high flat and angled penetration along with a quick muzzle velocity. The performance is not sufficient to break through the turret cheeks of heavily armoured MBTs like the [[M1A2 Abrams]], [[Leopard 2A5]]/[[Leopard 2A6|2A6]], and [[Challenger 2]], but other MBTs may be vulnerable. It will comfortably penetrate any tank's hull armour and the higher mass compared to the 125-I round produces somewhat more spalling.

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x400px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
|'''39'''
|''Projectiles'' ''Propellants''
|37 ''(+2)'' 39 ''(+#0)''
|34 ''(+5)'' 38 ''(+1)''
|31 ''(+8)'' 37 ''(+2)''
|27 ''(+12)'' 28 ''(+11)''
|23 ''(+16)'' 26 ''(+13)''
|N/A 23 ''(+16)''
|1 ''(+38)'' 1 ''(+38)''
| Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes'''

* The 7th Projectiles and Propellants rack is the First-stage ammo stowage: it is a mechanized ammo rack with a fixed reload rate.
*The mechanized ammo rack depletes clock-wise: the arrow in the image shows where the ammo depletion starts.
* It is recommended to bring 23 rounds in the tank as to limit the chances of the tank being knocked out by ammo rack explosion.
* The visual discrepancy concerns the 6th projectile rack. All 3 shells remains modeled in these racks even after all ammunition has been depleted.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|QJC88A (12.7 mm)|Type 86 (7.62 mm)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QJC88A (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJC88A]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 500 (150) ||700|| -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 86 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 86]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2500 (250) ||700||N/A||N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The ZTZ99's main weaknesses are poor mobility characteristics and inconsistent protection, so to mitigate these, it is best used as a sniper or midfielder. Carefully move up to positions that offer cover and a good view. Once in position, the ZTZ99's strengths can be put to good use. The laser warning system and high-quality thermal sights for the commander give the ZTZ99 a large degree of situational awareness, allowing enemies to be spotted and engaged quickly. Try to attack enemies from a distance and while they are in the open; in this situation they will have difficulty targeting the weak points of the ZTZ99 while the ZTZ99 typically only needs to shoot their hull when using the top DTW-125 APFSDS. Be aware of the slow reload, which is up to 50% slower than other top MBTs. If a target is still capable of returning fire after being hit (e.g. gunner, gun breech, turret drive are intact), it might be better to move to cover and wait for teammates to distract or attack them. Move up when the coast is clear but do not overextend, it is difficult to back out from a bad position due to the bad reverse speed and in the meantime enemies can fire plenty of shots at the ZTZ99.

Unlike top Soviet MBTs, the ZTZ99 does not have access to gun-launched ATGMs, making it more difficult to swat helicopters or low-flying aircraft from the sky. Stay within the coverage of friendly SPAA vehicles like the [[ZPRK 2S6|Tunguska]] if possible, and if no support is available, use the smoke grenades and engine smoke system to hide.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful firepower:
** Has access to high-penetrating DTW-125 APFSDS with great velocity and damage
** HE shell is currently the most powerful available to any high-rank MBT, can cripple or outright destroy enemies with a good shot
** High resolution thermal sights for both commander and gunner give it some advantage in poor visibility conditions
** Autoloader reloads the cannon even when putting out fires or replacing crew members
** Roof-mounted heavy machine gun is useful against low-flying aircraft and light targets
* Good armour:
** Nice frontal protection: sturdy turret cheeks and upper front plate, can resist common shells
** ERA is immune to tandem-charged warheads
* Low profile
* Has a laser warning receiver
* Improved mobility over preceding ZTZ96A with faster acceleration and higher top speed

'''Cons:'''

* Large weak spots:
** Has a huge driver's weak spot that can be penetrated by pretty much any gun
** Weak gun mantlet, very easy to disable gun breech
** Right side of the gun mantlet (when facing the ZTZ99) only has thin armour sheet rather than ERA, lowering its thickness significantly
** Lower plate is very weak, with penetrating shells killing crew or exploding ammo
* Poor mobility:
** Ineffectual reverse speed of only -5 km/h, makes it difficult to reverse and repair or escape dangerous situations
** Due to the long hull, hull traverse speed is slow especially when stock or on loose surfaces
* Turret ERA offers low KE protection
* Only 3 crew members
* Poor gun depression of -5° limits its capacity in hilly environments
* No ATGM capability, unlike similar Soviet tanks
* Relatively slow reload of 7.5 seconds compared to other MBTs

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/7005-development-ztz99-pouncing-tiger-en|Devblog]] ===
Development of the ZTZ99 began in the mid 1980s, with Chinese engineers starting work on a new advanced main battle tank to replace the existing vehicles in service at the time. After examining possible design proposals, the engineers decided to proceed with a design similar to that of the Soviet T-72 tank.

By 1991, the first prototype of the vehicle was constructed and demonstrated to high-ranking officials, followed by the construction of additional prototypes in the following year. In the early to mid 1990s, the prototypes underwent testing and were continuously improved over time. In the late 1990's, further pre-production prototypes were built and transferred to the army for final testing.

The ZTZ99 was first shown off to the public as part of the military parade commemorating the 50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China in October 1999. Soon after, the ZTZ99 was officially adopted for service with the PLA in late 2000.

Several years after its first introduction to service, the ZTZ99 received an upgrade package, allowing the vehicle to be fitted with additional FY-4 ERA, thus bolstering its protection significantly. Although initially intended to become China's primary MBT, the high cost hindered large-scale production, resulting in only about 500 vehicles being manufactured. However, due to the tank's advanced design and relatively small numbers, ZTZ99s are exclusively employed by China's elite armoured units.

The ZTZ99 remained in production until the early 2010s, before production capacities were allocated to the more advanced ZTZ99A - a highly modernized variant of the ZTZ99.

== Media ==


;Skins

[https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=cn_ztz_99 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="ZTZ99 Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:ZTZ-99 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:ZTZ-99 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:ZTZ-99 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:ZTZ-99 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:ZTZ-99 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:ZTZ-99 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:ZTZ-99 WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Yssg5uKGS-A|'''The Shooting Range #236''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|uCbzVR2aDs4|'''ZTZ99 - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''|BtuRjIvTtTQ|'''The BEAST from the East - ZTZ99''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''|}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7005-development-ztz99-pouncing-tiger-en|[Devblog] ZTZ99: Pouncing Tiger]]

{{China medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks ZTZ99-II.png

2021-07-27T11:44:56Z

U33751742: Category:Ammo racks

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

Challenger Mk.3

2021-07-27T10:00:16Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ added in which version of the game the ammo racks were recorded

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Challenger (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_challenger_mk_3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

The Challenger Mk.3 retains most of the characteristics of the [[Challenger Mk.2]]. It has some unique differences; such as: [[Armour#Explosive_reactive_armour_.28ERA.29|"ROMOR-A ERA"]] which covers the lower glacis and sides, along with the addition of the ammunition storage being covered with rolled homogeneous armour. It retains the same engine (1200 hp) as the Mk.2, however with a minor increase in weight it suffers slightly reduced mobility and acceleration. Its iconic, legendary, and pin-point accurate gun stays the same as on the Challenger Mk.2.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour protection on the Challenger Mk.3 is excellent in some areas and bad in others. The upper half of the turret cheeks are capable of withstanding almost all kinetic penetrators and will stop most chemical penetrators with less than 800 mm, while the lower half won't protect against most top-rank rounds. Additionally, the breech weak spot is quite small. This means the turret has excellent protection and hulldown play is recommended. The hull composite is only good against lower penetrating APFSDS rounds such as [[T-55AM-1|T-55AM]], and can also withstand some chemical munitions, but it is not advised to rely on this armour. The rest of the tank (turret and hull sides, lower front plate) has decent protection against chemical rounds due to the add on armour, ERA, and thick turret sides.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38 mm (79-81°), 50* mm (60°) ''Upper glacis'' 70 mm (30°) ''Lower glacis''
| 20 mm, 25 mm (74°) ''Top'' 38 mm (12°) ''Bottom''
| 25 mm (29-30°)
| 20 mm 8 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 50* mm (51-54°) 60 mm (55-56°), 200 mm ''Gun mantlet''
| 80 mm + 15 mm ''Front right'' 80 + 25 mm + 4 mm ''Front'' 45 + 4 mm ''Rear''
| 44 + 4 mm
| 38 mm (82°) ''Front'' 20 mm (80-90°) ''Rear''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="4" | 60 mm
|-
! Composite armour* !! colspan="2" | Front !! colspan="2" | Sides
|-
| Hull
| colspan="2" | 200 mm NERA + 80 mm RHA + 50 mm RHA ''Upper glacis''
| colspan="2" | 150 mm NERA, 70 mm screens ''Side skirts''
|-
| Turret
| colspan="2" | 300 mm NERA + 50 mm RHA + 110 mm CHA
| colspan="2" | 300 mm NERA + 25 mm RHA + 80 mm RHA
|-
! Reactive Armour !! colspan="2" | Front !! colspan="2" | Sides
|-
| Hull
| colspan="2" | 30 mm ROMOR-A ERA ''Lower glacis'' '''Protection against:''' 30 mm ''Kinetic'' 300 mm ''Chemical''
| colspan="2" | 150 mm NERA ''Side skirts'' '''Protection against:''' 30 mm ''Kinetic'' 400 mm ''Chemical''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* The propellant ammo racks are surrounded by 5 mm RHA
* Side skirts consist of 150 mm NERA composite, 70 mm composite screens, or 19 mm aluminium
* Tracks and wheels are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,860|rbMinHp=1,061}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has an acceptable top speed, however, acceleration and mobility (primarily due to its weight) are lacklustre compared to other MBTs.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="60%"
|-
! '''Module rotation speed'''
! 90 Degrees
! 180 Degrees
! 360 Degrees
|-
| '''Tank Hull'''
| 5 Seconds
| 10 Seconds
| 20 Seconds
|-
| '''Tank Turret'''
| 3 Seconds
| 6 Seconds
| 12 Seconds
|-
| '''Test Conditions'''
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left" | *Tested with a spaded {{PAGENAME}}, crew at maximum skill, with basic training qualification. Results can vary based on tank research state, crew levels & qualifications.
|}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L11A5 (120 mm)}}

The Challenger's main gun, while not the most powerful at its rank, is competitive, and more importantly, accurate. With a little over 400 mm of penetration at maximum, aim for weak spots (particularly when facing higher-ranked vehicles such as the T-80U, Leopard 2A5, etc) and make use of the Challenger's good reload speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L11A5 (120 mm)|120 mm L11A5]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 52 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 29.5 || 40.8 || 49.6 || 54.9 || 58.4 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 18.4 || 21.7 || 26.4 || 29.1 || 31.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot L23A1 || APFSDS || 396 || 394 || 387 || 376 || 367 || 357
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
| L26 || APFSDS || 471 || 469 || 464 || 458 || 450 || 444
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot L23A1 || APFSDS || 1,535 || 3.89 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 670 || 17.1 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 6,560 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| L26 || APFSDS || 1,550 || 4.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| L34 || 670 || 17.1 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Challenger_Mk_3.png|right|thumb|x390px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
|-
|'''52'''
|''Projectiles'' ''Propellants''
|52 ''(+0)'' 41 ''(+11)''
|47 ''(+5)'' 31 ''(+21)''
|40 ''(+12)'' 30 ''(+22)''
|37 ''(+15)'' 21 ''(+31)''
|35 ''(+17)'' 11 ''(+41)''
|31 ''(+21)'' 6 ''(+46)''
|28 ''(+24)'' N/A ''(+N/A)''
|-
! Ammo part
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
|''Projectiles'' ''Propellants''
|26 ''(+26)'' 1 ''(+51)*''
|23 ''(+29)'' N/A
|21 ''(+31)'' N/A
|19 ''(+33)'' N/A
|5 ''(+47)'' N/A
|N/A ''(+N/A)'' N/A
|1 ''(+51)*'' N/A
|Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes'''

* The 8th propellants rack and the 14th projectile rack are the first-stage ammo stowages: they will deplete first when firing but will be refilled with other ammo stowages.
* All the ammo is placed below or to the left of the gunner and commander positions.
* All the propellants racks are surrounded by 5 mm of {{Annotation|RHA|Rolled homogenous armour}}.
* The 7th projectile rack is stored in the hull, below the 2nd projectile rack.
* The 7th propellant rack is bugged as of version 2.70.141 and cannot be fully depleted.
* Similarly, the 13th projectile rack is also bugged and cannot be fully depleted.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L8A2 (7.62 mm)}}

The machine gun's calibre won't present any major advantage in armoured combat other than serving as target spotter to allies, ranging gun and obstacle clearer. But a major important role is against low flying aircrafts and especially, helicopters. As the highly adequate rate of fire is capable to bring down the biggest of the hovering birds, with enough well placed rounds that is.

{{Notice|Tip: It is possible to switch to the machine gun as the main weapon and use thermals through the machine gun sight.}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L37A2]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 3,600 (100) || 650 || -10°/+50° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L8A2]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,400 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


;Urban Environments

In urban environments, the Challenger will struggle relative to the [[T-80B]], [[M1 Abrams]] and [[Leopard 2A4]] - it's large, heavy and sluggish which proves costly in close quarters or when engagements occur in open streets. While the Challenger's gun still proves effective, often opposition vehicles will achieve valuable positioning before a Challenger can, forcing the Challenger tanker to play defensively. However, playing carefully and avoiding obvious routes, the Challenger can be comfortably put to use in urban environments.

;Rural Environments

The Mk.3 performs very well in rural areas, where defilades and ditches that can be used for cover are far more readily available. The Challenger is still best played in hull-down defensive positions, clearing areas of maps before moving up, but a patient playstyle will be rewarded. Make use of the vehicle's good gun depression and competitive reload, utilising off-angles and hull-down positions. If a situation begins to degrade, make use of the Challenger's reasonably good reverse speed and reposition.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent turret armour; efficiency increased even more with proper hull down in slopes
* Reasonably small breech protected by turret cheek's armour
* Good HEAT and ATGM resistance on front/sides thanks to ERA and NERA elements
* Good neutral steering and decent reverse speed provides a great boost from the slower [[Chieftain (Family)|Chieftains]]
* Reasonably good reload, particularly for a 120 mm gun; one of the most remarkable aspects of the latter British MBTs
* Brand-new TOGS system provides easy target acquisition in day or night
* Precise L11 gun with adequate penetration values; support rounds available

'''Cons:'''

* Lacklustre sloped armour penetration, worst at high BR battles facing omni-present [[Leopard 2A6]] or [[T-72B (1989)]]; must aim for weak spots
* The lower half of the turret cheeks are vulnerable to some higher-tier FIN rounds
* Slower MBT than most of the vehicles it faces, albeit not by a huge margin
* Hull is large and tall, very vulnerable to kinetic rounds or aerial attacks
* Cannot shoot straight over its engine deck; a notable disadvantage on urban engagements
* Top-tier shells can easily penetrate Challenger's turret armour, even at range

== History ==

Once the Challenger was established as the latest MBT for the British army following the decommissioning of the older Chieftain tank, it entered service with the British Army in 1983.

The British Army chose to test this newly designated tank in the Canadian Army Trophy (CAT) competition in West Germany, 1986. Once in the competition and despite having adequate scores, the Challengers were amongst the last in the score tables versus the equally powerful Abrams and Leopards. This proved to be discouraging results, as it was hoped the all-around better Challengers would provide excellent results this time unlike the older Chieftain - distinctly on the mobility and off-road abilities as the new Rolls-Royce CV12 provided almost twice the horsepower of the Chieftain's Leyland L60 Powerpack.

The apparent complete failure on the CAT went further to the British Army withdrawing from the competition in 1987, leaving statements like the following:

{{Quote|I do not believe that the performance of tanks in the artificial circumstances of a competition, such as the recent Canadian Army Trophy, is a proper indication of their capability in war. Challenger's gun gives the best penetrative performance against the tanks of a potential enemy. The tank itself is arguably the best protected in the world and has excellent mobility. It carries an advanced thermal imaging system which is much admired by our allies and ensures that Challenger can fight effectively by night and by day. Participation in international tank gunnery competitions is one useful option in the complete spectrum of training opportunities available in preparing our tank crews for war, but it is not on its own a basis for judgment of overall capability.|'''Ian Stewart, former Minister for the Armed Forces''' when asked if he is satisfied with the standard of British tank international gunnery demonstrated in recent competitions; and if he will make a statement.}}

'''Mk.3 Upgrade'''

Before the Gulf War, the Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) updated the Challenger 1 Mk.2 into the Mk.3 with even more armour protection, increased operational range, desert filters amongst other internal refits. This was the first mass-production use of the Royal Ordnance-made ROMOR-A, of over 250 armour sets were going to be used in the imminent Desert storm - These packages were also included in the Centurion AVRE deploying along with the Challengers 1.

Numerous Challengers were up-armoured by to Mk.3 desert modification with packages of explosive reactive armour (ERA) ROMOR-A in the lower frontal plate and non-energetic reactive armour (NERA) in the sides - this NERA proved to be safer from accidental detonations for any possible friendly units adjacent to the tank. It was estimated the upgrades would increase the protection in these reinforced areas up to 95% against the performance of shaped charges or ATGMs of approximately 127 mm.

The armour requirements were exponentially increasing because new lethal weaponry as the infamously portable Soviet RPG-7 became the most widely used anti-tank weapon in the world. The revolutionary and yet classified to this day Chobham armour proved extremely reliable against most possible frontal engagements. However, areas like the side armour or the lower frontal plate remained a weak spot against the powerful anti-tank armaments been constantly developed.

'''Trial of fire'''

3 days after of the US-designated Desert storm operation started, the vast miles of desert defended by Iraqi forces were damaged by French and American aerial and ground attacks but fiercely resisting. It was then the only UK armoured division, the 1st Armoured Division headed to combat under the British code name of Operation Grandby. They were equipped with Warriors acting as the mechanized infantry and Challengers leading the spearhead of the assault.

Charging along with the US' 1st Calvary division, the Challengers Mk.2 and Mk.3 advanced with low visibility conditions and sand storm, during day and night. This advantage is granted to the technologically superior Thermal Observation Gunnery Sight (TOGS) system, that enabled the tank commanders to designate targets in complete darkness. The developing GPS technology also proved vital to increase the mobility of the tanks squadrons in the desert.

On February 27, 1991, Battle of Norfolk part of the Battle of 73 Easting. One of the major battles for the Challenger 1 MBT took part. It allowed the British tanks to achieved over 200 Iraqi tank kills and other various vehicles kill with no losses. This ardent engagements at long and very close distances versus the sand-dug Iraqi T-55s and T-62s allowed the Challenger to prove its true combat capabilities.

{{Notice|A Challenger 1 got the longest tank kill of all time, at a range of over 4.6 km, when it knocked out an Iraqi tank with an APFSDS round!}}

Lt Col Tim Purbrick, Queen's Royal Irish Hussars Battlegroup for the Liberation of Kuwait recollects

{{Quote|First, Gus's 4,700 m first round FIN kill. It was a supreme technical achievement for man and machine. 4,700m, a shade under 3 miles, is more than three times the 1,200 m battle range of the Challenger. The shot is written up in books, sometimes incorrectly, with one book saying it was a Depleted Uranium (DU) round, it wasn't, it was a normal service FIN round while another book said it was at longer range, it wasn't, it was 4,700 m. I believe that it is the longest range direct fire kinetic round kill ever achieved by a tank on the battlefield.}}

The Challenger regiments were given several of the specially conceived depleted Uranium APFSDS L26A1 rounds also known as "Jericho". In case of facing the ultimate adversary, the Iraqi Republican's guard T-72M; these engagements never occurred but the round was applied years later in the intended user, the Challenger 2.

Despite the early perceived poor fidelity of the tank, the Challenger 1 fought till the end of the war without major losses but minor external damages. They travelled approximately 350 km in the desert till the final Gulf war objective; the Basra Highway north of Multa Ridge on February 27, 1991.

{{Quote|Challenger is a tank built for war and not for competitions.|Patrick Cordingley, Commander of 7th Armoured Brigade}}

'''Fate'''

The Challengers 1 continued their British service until the 99's as part of the KFOR, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force in Kosovo.

Eventually with most of the 400 tanks being sold or gifted in the 2000s to Jordan, in which the King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau innovated with newer technologies, a rebirth tank, known locally as Al-Hussein. The Jordanians developed an upgrade package prototype unveiled in 2003, adding a crew-less turret fitted with a powerful Swiss RUAG Defense Systems 120 mm/L50 smoothbore with auto-loader, hunter-killer system, laser warning system, thermal imaging and Soft-Kill Active Protection; this variant is known as the '''Falcon turret'''.

The Challenger 1 Mk.2 and Mk.3 were replaced by the Challenger 2 in the UK service but is still in service until this day in Jordan where the large fleet is being gradually replaced by the more modern French MBT, the Leclerc.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_challenger_mk_3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|zlTWSpm0-KA|'''Challenger I Mk.3 - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''|Lwcx7vVieUQ|'''Tank Chats #82 Challenger 1''' - ''The Tank Museum''|TCpSxqaqo-s|'''Challenger 1 Main Battle Tank''' - ''TankNutDave''}}

== See also ==


'''Shared operational History - Gulf War'''
* [[M1 Abrams]]
* [[Warrior]]
* [[Challenger Mk.2|Challenger Mk. 2]]
* [[M3 Bradley]]
* [[T-55A|T-55]]
* [[T-62]]

'''Analogues on other nations'''
* [[Leopard 2K]]
* [[T-72B]]
* [[T-72B (1989)]]
* [[Leopard 1A5 (Italy)|Leopard 1A5]]
* [[AMX-30B2 BRENUS]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5918-development-challenger-mk-3-a-royal-upgrade-en|[Devblog] Challenger Mk 3 - A Royal Upgrade]]
* [https://britisharmyblog.wordpress.com/2016/03/11/desert-storm-part-24-back-to-germany/ Lt Col Tim Purbrick's UK Army blogs - Desert Storm Experience]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=54 Military Factory.com - Challenger 1 MBT]
* Dunstan, Simon (1998). ''Challenger Main Battle Tank 1982-97''. Osprey Publishing, p. 18. ISBN <bdi>1-85532-485-7</bdi>.
* Challenger 2 Owners' Tank Manual, Haynes Manuals, 1998 to Present - ''An Insight Into the Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of the British Army's Main Battle Tank of the 21st Century'', 2018

{{Britain medium tanks}}

Challenger Mk.3

2021-07-27T09:55:46Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ added ammo racks for the Challenger Mk 3

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Challenger (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_challenger_mk_3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (shortened as '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

The Challenger Mk.3 retains most of the characteristics of the [[Challenger Mk.2]]. It has some unique differences; such as: [[Armour#Explosive_reactive_armour_.28ERA.29|"ROMOR-A ERA"]] which covers the lower glacis and sides, along with the addition of the ammunition storage being covered with rolled homogeneous armour. It retains the same engine (1200 hp) as the Mk.2, however with a minor increase in weight it suffers slightly reduced mobility and acceleration. Its iconic, legendary, and pin-point accurate gun stays the same as on the Challenger Mk.2.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour protection on the Challenger Mk.3 is excellent in some areas and bad in others. The upper half of the turret cheeks are capable of withstanding almost all kinetic penetrators and will stop most chemical penetrators with less than 800 mm, while the lower half won't protect against most top-rank rounds. Additionally, the breech weak spot is quite small. This means the turret has excellent protection and hulldown play is recommended. The hull composite is only good against lower penetrating APFSDS rounds such as [[T-55AM-1|T-55AM]], and can also withstand some chemical munitions, but it is not advised to rely on this armour. The rest of the tank (turret and hull sides, lower front plate) has decent protection against chemical rounds due to the add on armour, ERA, and thick turret sides.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38 mm (79-81°), 50* mm (60°) ''Upper glacis'' 70 mm (30°) ''Lower glacis''
| 20 mm, 25 mm (74°) ''Top'' 38 mm (12°) ''Bottom''
| 25 mm (29-30°)
| 20 mm 8 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 50* mm (51-54°) 60 mm (55-56°), 200 mm ''Gun mantlet''
| 80 mm + 15 mm ''Front right'' 80 + 25 mm + 4 mm ''Front'' 45 + 4 mm ''Rear''
| 44 + 4 mm
| 38 mm (82°) ''Front'' 20 mm (80-90°) ''Rear''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="4" | 60 mm
|-
! Composite armour* !! colspan="2" | Front !! colspan="2" | Sides
|-
| Hull
| colspan="2" | 200 mm NERA + 80 mm RHA + 50 mm RHA ''Upper glacis''
| colspan="2" | 150 mm NERA, 70 mm screens ''Side skirts''
|-
| Turret
| colspan="2" | 300 mm NERA + 50 mm RHA + 110 mm CHA
| colspan="2" | 300 mm NERA + 25 mm RHA + 80 mm RHA
|-
! Reactive Armour !! colspan="2" | Front !! colspan="2" | Sides
|-
| Hull
| colspan="2" | 30 mm ROMOR-A ERA ''Lower glacis'' '''Protection against:''' 30 mm ''Kinetic'' 300 mm ''Chemical''
| colspan="2" | 150 mm NERA ''Side skirts'' '''Protection against:''' 30 mm ''Kinetic'' 400 mm ''Chemical''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* The propellant ammo racks are surrounded by 5 mm RHA
* Side skirts consist of 150 mm NERA composite, 70 mm composite screens, or 19 mm aluminium
* Tracks and wheels are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,860|rbMinHp=1,061}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has an acceptable top speed, however, acceleration and mobility (primarily due to its weight) are lacklustre compared to other MBTs.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="60%"
|-
! '''Module rotation speed'''
! 90 Degrees
! 180 Degrees
! 360 Degrees
|-
| '''Tank Hull'''
| 5 Seconds
| 10 Seconds
| 20 Seconds
|-
| '''Tank Turret'''
| 3 Seconds
| 6 Seconds
| 12 Seconds
|-
| '''Test Conditions'''
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left" | *Tested with a spaded {{PAGENAME}}, crew at maximum skill, with basic training qualification. Results can vary based on tank research state, crew levels & qualifications.
|}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L11A5 (120 mm)}}

The Challenger's main gun, while not the most powerful at its rank, is competitive, and more importantly, accurate. With a little over 400 mm of penetration at maximum, aim for weak spots (particularly when facing higher-ranked vehicles such as the T-80U, Leopard 2A5, etc) and make use of the Challenger's good reload speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L11A5 (120 mm)|120 mm L11A5]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 52 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 29.5 || 40.8 || 49.6 || 54.9 || 58.4 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 18.4 || 21.7 || 26.4 || 29.1 || 31.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot L23A1 || APFSDS || 396 || 394 || 387 || 376 || 367 || 357
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
| L26 || APFSDS || 471 || 469 || 464 || 458 || 450 || 444
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot L23A1 || APFSDS || 1,535 || 3.89 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 670 || 17.1 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 6,560 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| L26 || APFSDS || 1,550 || 4.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| L34 || 670 || 17.1 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Challenger_Mk_3.png|right|thumb|x390px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
|-
|'''52'''
|''Projectiles'' ''Propellants''
|52 ''(+0)'' 41 ''(+11)''
|47 ''(+5)'' 31 ''(+21)''
|40 ''(+12)'' 30 ''(+22)''
|37 ''(+15)'' 21 ''(+31)''
|35 ''(+17)'' 11 ''(+41)''
|31 ''(+21)'' 6 ''(+46)''
|28 ''(+24)'' N/A ''(+N/A)''
|-
! Ammo part
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
|''Projectiles'' ''Propellants''
|26 ''(+26)'' 1 ''(+51)*''
|23 ''(+29)'' N/A
|21 ''(+31)'' N/A
|19 ''(+33)'' N/A
|5 ''(+47)'' N/A
|N/A ''(+N/A)'' N/A
|1 ''(+51)*'' N/A
|Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes'''

* The 8th propellants rack and the 14th projectile rack are the first-stage ammo stowages: they will deplete first when firing but will be refilled with other ammo stowages.
* All the ammo is placed below or to the left of the gunner and commander positions.
* All the propellants racks are surrounded by 5 mm of {{Annotation|RHA|Rolled homogenous armour}}.
* The 7th projectile rack is stored in the hull, below the 2nd projectile rack.
* The 7th propellant rack is bugged as of version 2.70.141 and cannot be fully depleted.
* Similarly, the 13th projectile rack is also bugged and cannot be fully depleted.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|L37A2 (7.62 mm)|L8A2 (7.62 mm)}}

The machine gun's calibre won't present any major advantage in armoured combat other than serving as target spotter to allies, ranging gun and obstacle clearer. But a major important role is against low flying aircrafts and especially, helicopters. As the highly adequate rate of fire is capable to bring down the biggest of the hovering birds, with enough well placed rounds that is.

{{Notice|Tip: It is possible to switch to the machine gun as the main weapon and use thermals through the machine gun sight.}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L37A2 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L37A2]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 3,600 (100) || 650 || -10°/+50° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L8A2 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L8A2]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,400 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


;Urban Environments

In urban environments, the Challenger will struggle relative to the [[T-80B]], [[M1 Abrams]] and [[Leopard 2A4]] - it's large, heavy and sluggish which proves costly in close quarters or when engagements occur in open streets. While the Challenger's gun still proves effective, often opposition vehicles will achieve valuable positioning before a Challenger can, forcing the Challenger tanker to play defensively. However, playing carefully and avoiding obvious routes, the Challenger can be comfortably put to use in urban environments.

;Rural Environments

The Mk.3 performs very well in rural areas, where defilades and ditches that can be used for cover are far more readily available. The Challenger is still best played in hull-down defensive positions, clearing areas of maps before moving up, but a patient playstyle will be rewarded. Make use of the vehicle's good gun depression and competitive reload, utilising off-angles and hull-down positions. If a situation begins to degrade, make use of the Challenger's reasonably good reverse speed and reposition.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Decent turret armour; efficiency increased even more with proper hull down in slopes
* Reasonably small breech protected by turret cheek's armour
* Good HEAT and ATGM resistance on front/sides thanks to ERA and NERA elements
* Good neutral steering and decent reverse speed provides a great boost from the slower [[Chieftain (Family)|Chieftains]]
* Reasonably good reload, particularly for a 120 mm gun; one of the most remarkable aspects of the latter British MBTs
* Brand-new TOGS system provides easy target acquisition in day or night
* Precise L11 gun with adequate penetration values; support rounds available

'''Cons:'''

* Lacklustre sloped armour penetration, worst at high BR battles facing omni-present [[Leopard 2A6]] or [[T-72B (1989)]]; must aim for weak spots
* The lower half of the turret cheeks are vulnerable to some higher-tier FIN rounds
* Slower MBT than most of the vehicles it faces, albeit not by a huge margin
* Hull is large and tall, very vulnerable to kinetic rounds or aerial attacks
* Cannot shoot straight over its engine deck; a notable disadvantage on urban engagements
* Top-tier shells can easily penetrate Challenger's turret armour, even at range

== History ==

Once the Challenger was established as the latest MBT for the British army following the decommissioning of the older Chieftain tank, it entered service with the British Army in 1983.

The British Army chose to test this newly designated tank in the Canadian Army Trophy (CAT) competition in West Germany, 1986. Once in the competition and despite having adequate scores, the Challengers were amongst the last in the score tables versus the equally powerful Abrams and Leopards. This proved to be discouraging results, as it was hoped the all-around better Challengers would provide excellent results this time unlike the older Chieftain - distinctly on the mobility and off-road abilities as the new Rolls-Royce CV12 provided almost twice the horsepower of the Chieftain's Leyland L60 Powerpack.

The apparent complete failure on the CAT went further to the British Army withdrawing from the competition in 1987, leaving statements like the following:

{{Quote|I do not believe that the performance of tanks in the artificial circumstances of a competition, such as the recent Canadian Army Trophy, is a proper indication of their capability in war. Challenger's gun gives the best penetrative performance against the tanks of a potential enemy. The tank itself is arguably the best protected in the world and has excellent mobility. It carries an advanced thermal imaging system which is much admired by our allies and ensures that Challenger can fight effectively by night and by day. Participation in international tank gunnery competitions is one useful option in the complete spectrum of training opportunities available in preparing our tank crews for war, but it is not on its own a basis for judgment of overall capability.|'''Ian Stewart, former Minister for the Armed Forces''' when asked if he is satisfied with the standard of British tank international gunnery demonstrated in recent competitions; and if he will make a statement.}}

'''Mk.3 Upgrade'''

Before the Gulf War, the Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) updated the Challenger 1 Mk.2 into the Mk.3 with even more armour protection, increased operational range, desert filters amongst other internal refits. This was the first mass-production use of the Royal Ordnance-made ROMOR-A, of over 250 armour sets were going to be used in the imminent Desert storm - These packages were also included in the Centurion AVRE deploying along with the Challengers 1.

Numerous Challengers were up-armoured by to Mk.3 desert modification with packages of explosive reactive armour (ERA) ROMOR-A in the lower frontal plate and non-energetic reactive armour (NERA) in the sides - this NERA proved to be safer from accidental detonations for any possible friendly units adjacent to the tank. It was estimated the upgrades would increase the protection in these reinforced areas up to 95% against the performance of shaped charges or ATGMs of approximately 127 mm.

The armour requirements were exponentially increasing because new lethal weaponry as the infamously portable Soviet RPG-7 became the most widely used anti-tank weapon in the world. The revolutionary and yet classified to this day Chobham armour proved extremely reliable against most possible frontal engagements. However, areas like the side armour or the lower frontal plate remained a weak spot against the powerful anti-tank armaments been constantly developed.

'''Trial of fire'''

3 days after of the US-designated Desert storm operation started, the vast miles of desert defended by Iraqi forces were damaged by French and American aerial and ground attacks but fiercely resisting. It was then the only UK armoured division, the 1st Armoured Division headed to combat under the British code name of Operation Grandby. They were equipped with Warriors acting as the mechanized infantry and Challengers leading the spearhead of the assault.

Charging along with the US' 1st Calvary division, the Challengers Mk.2 and Mk.3 advanced with low visibility conditions and sand storm, during day and night. This advantage is granted to the technologically superior Thermal Observation Gunnery Sight (TOGS) system, that enabled the tank commanders to designate targets in complete darkness. The developing GPS technology also proved vital to increase the mobility of the tanks squadrons in the desert.

On February 27, 1991, Battle of Norfolk part of the Battle of 73 Easting. One of the major battles for the Challenger 1 MBT took part. It allowed the British tanks to achieved over 200 Iraqi tank kills and other various vehicles kill with no losses. This ardent engagements at long and very close distances versus the sand-dug Iraqi T-55s and T-62s allowed the Challenger to prove its true combat capabilities.

{{Notice|A Challenger 1 got the longest tank kill of all time, at a range of over 4.6 km, when it knocked out an Iraqi tank with an APFSDS round!}}

Lt Col Tim Purbrick, Queen's Royal Irish Hussars Battlegroup for the Liberation of Kuwait recollects

{{Quote|First, Gus's 4,700 m first round FIN kill. It was a supreme technical achievement for man and machine. 4,700m, a shade under 3 miles, is more than three times the 1,200 m battle range of the Challenger. The shot is written up in books, sometimes incorrectly, with one book saying it was a Depleted Uranium (DU) round, it wasn't, it was a normal service FIN round while another book said it was at longer range, it wasn't, it was 4,700 m. I believe that it is the longest range direct fire kinetic round kill ever achieved by a tank on the battlefield.}}

The Challenger regiments were given several of the specially conceived depleted Uranium APFSDS L26A1 rounds also known as "Jericho". In case of facing the ultimate adversary, the Iraqi Republican's guard T-72M; these engagements never occurred but the round was applied years later in the intended user, the Challenger 2.

Despite the early perceived poor fidelity of the tank, the Challenger 1 fought till the end of the war without major losses but minor external damages. They travelled approximately 350 km in the desert till the final Gulf war objective; the Basra Highway north of Multa Ridge on February 27, 1991.

{{Quote|Challenger is a tank built for war and not for competitions.|Patrick Cordingley, Commander of 7th Armoured Brigade}}

'''Fate'''

The Challengers 1 continued their British service until the 99's as part of the KFOR, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force in Kosovo.

Eventually with most of the 400 tanks being sold or gifted in the 2000s to Jordan, in which the King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau innovated with newer technologies, a rebirth tank, known locally as Al-Hussein. The Jordanians developed an upgrade package prototype unveiled in 2003, adding a crew-less turret fitted with a powerful Swiss RUAG Defense Systems 120 mm/L50 smoothbore with auto-loader, hunter-killer system, laser warning system, thermal imaging and Soft-Kill Active Protection; this variant is known as the '''Falcon turret'''.

The Challenger 1 Mk.2 and Mk.3 were replaced by the Challenger 2 in the UK service but is still in service until this day in Jordan where the large fleet is being gradually replaced by the more modern French MBT, the Leclerc.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_challenger_mk_3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|zlTWSpm0-KA|'''Challenger I Mk.3 - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''|Lwcx7vVieUQ|'''Tank Chats #82 Challenger 1''' - ''The Tank Museum''|TCpSxqaqo-s|'''Challenger 1 Main Battle Tank''' - ''TankNutDave''}}

== See also ==


'''Shared operational History - Gulf War'''
* [[M1 Abrams]]
* [[Warrior]]
* [[Challenger Mk.2|Challenger Mk. 2]]
* [[M3 Bradley]]
* [[T-55A|T-55]]
* [[T-62]]

'''Analogues on other nations'''
* [[Leopard 2K]]
* [[T-72B]]
* [[T-72B (1989)]]
* [[Leopard 1A5 (Italy)|Leopard 1A5]]
* [[AMX-30B2 BRENUS]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5918-development-challenger-mk-3-a-royal-upgrade-en|[Devblog] Challenger Mk 3 - A Royal Upgrade]]
* [https://britisharmyblog.wordpress.com/2016/03/11/desert-storm-part-24-back-to-germany/ Lt Col Tim Purbrick's UK Army blogs - Desert Storm Experience]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=54 Military Factory.com - Challenger 1 MBT]
* Dunstan, Simon (1998). ''Challenger Main Battle Tank 1982-97''. Osprey Publishing, p. 18. ISBN <bdi>1-85532-485-7</bdi>.
* Challenger 2 Owners' Tank Manual, Haynes Manuals, 1998 to Present - ''An Insight Into the Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of the British Army's Main Battle Tank of the 21st Century'', 2018

{{Britain medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks Challenger Mk.3.png

2021-07-27T09:53:47Z

U33751742: Category:Ammo racks

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

Strv m/42 DT

2021-04-28T17:33:06Z

U33751742: /* Armaments */ added ammo racks, description for MG and checked main armament table data

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_strv_m42_delat_torn
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Delat_Torn.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]]. It is a development of the [[Strv m/42 EH|Strv m/42]] medium tank.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The hull of the Delat Torn is identical to that of its predecessor, the [[Strv m/42 EH]]. While decent for its BR on the earlier tank, the hull armour is no longer good against the bigger guns that the Delat Torn faces.

However, the Delat Torn also sports a new turret to house the more powerful gun. The turret front is 60 mm thick, and the right side and area around the main gun is an angled flat plate. While not very thick, it is capable of ricocheting some rounds if the effective angle is increased using the excellent gun depression of the Delat Torn. The left side housing the machine gun is rounded and is a weakspot when hull-down.

It is important to note that the turret has an open rear that exposes the crew to machine gun fire and shrapnel. It is also a considerably bigger target than the Strv m/42's turret.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=635|rbMinHp=363}}

Unsurprisingly, the mobility of the Delat Torn is very similar to that of the Strv m/42. It can reach a respectable top speed and will usually be able to keep up with most advances, but suffers from a low reverse speed of about 5 km/h that makes it harder to back up from hull-down positions or into cover.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|pvkan m/43 (75 mm)}}

The Delat Torn is armed with the same '''7,5 cm pvkan m/43''' used by the [[Pvkv m/43 (1946)|Pvkv m/43]] tank destroyer. However, on the Delat Torn, the gun is fed by a special semi-automatic loader with a four-round clip (similar to the Japanese [[Chi-Ri II|Chi-Ri]] medium tank), allowing for a fast five-round burst (including one pre-loaded in the gun barrel) after which the gun must be reloaded manually. As is usual for Swedish vehicles, the turret provides for an excellent 10° of gun depression, though gun elevation is limited to only 12°.

The Delat Torn starts with the rather underwhelming stock '''slpprj m/41''' uncapped AP shot, which has no explosive filler. However, at Rank IV the excellent '''slpgr m/43''' APCBC shell becomes available. Not only does it ricochet less than the stock AP, has a higher muzzle velocity, and has better penetration, it also has a lethal 110 g TNT filler that is devastating when it penetrates.

Note that the gun breech is rather large and takes up a lot of room in the turret, thus a turret penetration is likely to also result in a damaged breech.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[pvkan m/43 (75 mm)|75 mm pvkan m/43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+12° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 14.3 || 19.8 || 24.0 || 26.5 || 28.2 || rowspan="2" | 3.90 || rowspan="2" | 3.45 || rowspan="2" | 3.18 || rowspan="2" | 3.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| slpprj m/41 || AP || 139 || 136 || 121 || 104 || 90 || 78
|-
| sgr m/38 || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| slpgr m/43 || APCBC || 149 || 146 || 132 || 116 || 102 || 89
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| slpprj m/41 || AP || 815 || 6.63 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| sgr m/38 || HE || 840 || 6.43 || 0 || 0.1 || 690 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| slpgr m/43 || APCBC || 890 || 6 || 1.2 || 14 || 110 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks Strv m_42 DT.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
|-
| '''42''' || 37 ''(+5)'' || 31 ''(+11)'' || 25 ''(+17)'' || 22 ''(+20)'' || 19 ''(+23)'' || 15 ''(+27)''
|-
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th* rack empty
! 11th* rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
|| 11 ''(+31)'' || 8 ''(+34)'' || 5 ''(+37)'' || 4 ''(+38)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || No
|-
|}

Notes:
* The first stages ammo racks provide the vehicle with a faster reload, however the vehicle is also capable of reloading the main gun directly from the other ammo racks.
* In order to empty the hull's ammo racks, one must carry 11 ''(+31)'' rounds.



=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|ksp m/36 (8 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has a standard 8mm coaxial machine gun. While it is ever so slightly bigger in caliber compared to comparable vehicles, the machine gun lacks the penetration to damage most opponents. Nevertheless the machine gun can be used against open vehicles. Furthermore, it also has an additional 13 degrees of elevation which can prove useful in engaging enemy planes.

It must be noted that the vehicle may appear to have another machine gun on the back of the turret, however it lacks any module associated to it and therefore inoperable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[ksp m/36 (8 mm)|8 mm ksp m/36]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,000 (250) || 648 || -10°/+25° || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Delat Torn's standout feature is an excellent reload rate, which can be as low as 3 seconds. To complement this gun, the Delat Torn is equipped with a stock AP round, and an APCBC shell which has quite good penetration and explosive filler values compared to similarly-sized rounds at this tier.

This vehicle is not especially well-armoured. It can often withstand one or two hits, but any more and it will usually be destroyed. Taking high ammunition loads further hampers the tank's survivability, as it makes the chance of an ammunition detonation significant. From the side, a weak armour setup means that autocannons on many anti-air vehicles can penetrate and deal massive damage to internal components.

The Delat Torn's hull is taken from the earlier [[Strv m/42 EH]], and thanks to an improved engine, is above-average in terms of mobility. When stock, mobility can be sub-par, but once mobility modules have been researched, the tank becomes quite capable in this department. With this mobility, it can acquire ambush positions or act as a viable flanker. (In such situations, the gun's quick reload makes itself very useful; the Delat Torn is able to destroy multiple unsuspecting enemies in quick succession.) One thing to note is that this tank has a poor reverse speed, which can make peeking and firing from behind ridgelines dangerous.

In hull-down positions, this vehicle can use its great gun depression to effectively fire at enemies from behind cover.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent reload rate
* Great gun depression
* Quite mobile
* Good sight magnification
* Good APCBC shell with lethal explosive filler
* Still has a reasonable fire rate when first-stage rack runs out

'''Cons:'''

* Poor stock uncapped AP shot with no explosive filler
* Very long ready-rack reload
* Narrow tracks reduce off-road mobility
* Poor reverse speed
* Lightly armoured
* Large and visible profile

== History ==


In 1944, the Swedish military considered upgunning the [[Strv m/42 EH|Strv m/42]]. They designed a new turret with a new 75 mm gun with an autoloader. The turret was named [[Delat Torn]], which means "split turret" in English. This name comes from the fact that the autoloader would split the turret down the middle into two separate compartments. The gun was set as far back as possible inside the turret in order to reduce how much of the barrel hung out of the turret. In 1944, a mockup was made, with a wooden turret. The prototype was made in 1945, and it was tested throughout 1946. It was found that the design was unsuccessful, and it never entered production or service.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


=== Bibliography ===

* David B. (2016, June 2). Stridsvagn m/42. Tank Encyclopedia. https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/sweden/stridsvagn-m42.php

{{Sweden medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks Strv m 42 DT.png

2021-04-28T16:50:22Z

U33751742: Category:Ammo racks

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

ZTZ96A

2021-04-28T16:01:41Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ added ammo racks

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_ztz_96a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

The ZTZ96A is an upgraded variant of the [[ZTZ96]] that improves on several of its predecessor's deficiencies. FY-4 ERA blocks have been installed on the turret and hull, changing the appearance of the tank and offering drastically improved protection against both kinetic and chemical munitions. The engine has been slightly improved and the gunner now has access to thermal sights. While it still isn't the most mobile or well-protected tank around, the ZTZ96A has enough tricks up its sleeve to be a flexible and capable fighter on the battlefield.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|___ mm
|___ mm ''Top''
___ mm ''Bottom''
|45 mm (10°)
|20-30 mm
|-
|Turret
|___ - ___ mm ''Turret front''
___ mm ''Gun mantlet''
|___ - ___ mm
|5 mm
|20-30 mm
|-
|Cupola
|30 mm
|30 mm
|30 mm
|30 mm
|}

The most noticeable change on the ZTZ96A is the new armor profile. The design of the ZTZ96A's turret is a further drastic departure from the traditional Chinese and Soviet dome turret design. The turret front is equipped with a wedge or arrowhead shaped block of applique armor, which is modeled as being made of FY-4 ERA tiles. It looks somewhat like the [[Leopard 2A5]]; however, the armour stops short at the coaxial gun port, providing a weak spot for the enemy to exploit. Shooting this area does not usually result in an instant knock-out as it will only disable the gun breech and take out the commander or gunner (depending on which side is shot). The protected areas of the turret cheeks are quite strong for the ZTZ96A's rank; total kinetic protection is around 500 mm of RHA equivalent, which is sufficient to resist any APFSDS fired by Rank VI tanks. Chemical protection is around 900 mm, enough to stop many ATGMs. ERA has also been added to the exterior of the storage racks on the turret sides, but there is not enough total protection to stop anything more than light autocannon fire or small HEAT rounds.

As for the hull, the added FY-4 ERA on the upper glacis increases the survivability of the tank. Total kinetic protection is around 480 mm and chemical protection is upwards of 900 mm. Even a direct shot from most APFSDS can be resisted.

It is worth remembering that ERA tiles are destroyed upon absorbing fire and can also be stripped off by autocannons. Without the FY-4 ERA, the base armor of the ZTZ96A is exactly the same as the ZTZ96 and can be easily penetrated by 105 mm DM33 rounds for example. The general weak spots of the ZTZ96 still exist; as mentioned before, the gun breech area does not enjoy the benefits of the new turret armor, and the lower glacis is still completely unprotected. Shots to the lower glacis will often detonate the ammunition in the autoloader and total the tank.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,240|rbMinHp=708}}

The ZTZ96A's engine outputs an additional 70 horsepower compared to the ZTZ96's, which is a small but welcome improvement. It still will not win any speed races against most Western MBTs like the [[Leopard 2K]] or [[MBT-70]], and even the [[Challenger Mk.2]] can match the ZTZ96A's mobility. Oddly enough the reverse speed of -5 km/h is actually worse than the original ZTZ96, so be careful not to overextend.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type 88C (125 mm)}}

The ZTZ96A makes up for its drawbacks in mobility with a superb gun. The 125 mm Type 88C smoothbore gun is capable of firing APFSDS, HE and HEAT-FS ammunition. For its battle rating, the 125-I shell performs very well, offering 466 mm of flat penetration at point-blank and dropping only to 434 mm at 2 kilometres. Its angled performance is exceptionally good at 269 mm at 60 degrees, outperforming even the best Soviet APFSDS round, 3BM42 whose angled penetration is only 248 mm. For reference, the 125-I performs comparably to Western long-rod sabot rounds such as DM33. The HEAT-FS round is nothing special with a standard 480 mm of penetration that is only really effective at destroying lightly armoured vehicles such as SPAA. The HE round is of the Soviet-style, packing a whopping 5.4 kg of TNT equivalent that can deal devastating damage against Western tanks' weak spots of the hull and turret roof and turret ring. It's recommended to entirely ditch the HEAT-FS for HE as it arguably performs better in the anti-tank role, ironically.

Although the ZTZ96A uses a similar autoloader system to the T-72, its reload time of 7.5 seconds is slightly longer than the T-72's 7.1 seconds.

It should be noted that the ZTZ96A's gun depression and gun elevation have declined by 1 and 2 degrees, respectively, compared to the ZTZ96. The latter doesn't make much of a difference, but the former is concerning on hilly maps.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 88C (125 mm)|125 mm Type 88C]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+12° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 28.6 || 39.5 || 48.0 || 53.1 || 56.5 || rowspan="2" | 7.50 || rowspan="2" | 7.50 || rowspan="2" | 7.50 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 17.9 || 21.0 || 25.5 || 28.2 || 30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 466 || 464 || 458 || 450 || 442 || 434
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 905 || 18 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,190 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 850 || 23 || 0 || 0.1 || 5,460 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 1,730 || 4.02 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 40 ''(+0)'' 39 ''(+1)'' || 38 ''(+2)'' 38 ''(+2)'' || 37 ''(+3)'' 37 ''(+3)'' || 35 ''(+5)'' 31 ''(+9)'' || 32 ''(+8)'' 27 ''(+13)'' || 29 ''(+11)'' 23 ''(+17)'' || 24 ''(+16)'' 39 ''(+1)'' || 23 ''(+17)'' N/A || 39 ''(+1)'' N/A || No
|-
|}

Notes:

* The 9th projectile rack and the 7th propellant rack are a mechanized first stage ammo rack. As such the tank has a fixed reload as it uses an auto loader to reload the main gun, therefore the main gun cannot be reloaded when the ammo rack is empty.
* It takes around 25s per shell to reload the first stage ammo rack. Additionally, there is a 10s interval between the gun is fully loaded and the crew starts to reload the first stage ammo rack.
* It is advised to take at most 37 rounds in order to empty the turret's ammo racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|QJC88A (12.7 mm)|Type 86 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QJC88A (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJC88A]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Commander's cupola || 500 (150) || 700 || -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 86 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 86]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,500 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The ZTZ96A has a different playstyle than most MBTs do. Instead of being a king of mobility, this tank trades speed for improved armour protection. The tank's mobility is improved from that of the [[ZTZ96]], but it is still below average for this battle rating. It can keep up with some IFVs, but against MBTs, this tank can't match their speed and acceleration. It also has a poor reverse speed, which can make getting out of sticky situations difficult. This lack of mobility means that the ZTZ96A can't rush objectives or favourable locations at the beginning of battle like faster vehicles can. Additionally, it takes longer to relocate around the map to deal with enemies or to attack and defend capture zones. Flanking manoeuvres are also difficult. However, the ZTZ96A's below-average speed doesn't hinder its abilities to brawl in close quarters situations or to snipe from afar.

Both of these playstyles benefit from the tank's strong armour protection, which features ERA on the front of the hull and turret. The turret cheeks and upper glacis are especially well-defended--even a direct APFSDS shell can't always penetrate. In general, the tank is hard to damage from the front. This does not mean that it has no weakpoints, though: the gun breech is exposed and unprotected, and a shot there can do great damage inside the turret compartment. In addition, the vehicle sports an ammunition carousel in the bottom of the hull; a side shot here will very often detonate the ammo storage, causing immediate destruction of the tank. And finally, the ZTZ96A only has three crew members, so long-term endurance is lacking. Even one crew member being knocked out makes taking any more damage much riskier. As a whole, the ZTZ96A's protection is potentially strong but inconsistent, so it's best to stick to cover and not trust the armor as a first line of defense. Even gentle ridgelines can help mask the vulnerable lower glacis.

The ZTZ96A also makes up for its mobility drawbacks with its powerful cannon. Its APFSDS shell has high penetration against both flat and angled armour, and can perform even at long ranges. The gun also makes use of a very powerful HE shell which can deal devastating damage if fired at the roofs of enemy tanks. This gun is reloaded by an autoloading system, which can get a new shell in the breech every 7.5 seconds. The reload speed is worse than that of many MBTs, and skilled players will be able to take advantage of this to destroy the ZTZ96A. It is important to try to destroy the enemy in one shot, or else there may not be enough time to try again. And, the slow reload means that dealing with multiple enemies in quick succession is more difficult than normal. Be careful about the gun's poor turret elevation speed. It can take longer than expected to get sights on a target. The ZTZ96A is equipped with thermal sights which help visibility in night battles or for spotting targets during daytime. Make good use of the thermal sights as they are one of the ZTZ96A's selling points; most contemporary Soviet tanks lack them.

This vehicle is armed with a roof machine gun for use against aircraft and lightly-armoured ground targets.

This tank is a good sniper thanks to its strong frontal armour and powerful gun. When sniping, poor mobility is not an issue and the long reload rate doesn't overly hurt the ZTZ96A's performance. It is also more difficult for enemies to target the ZTZ96A's weak spots. If firing from behind ridgelines, remember that the gun depression is below average, at only -5 degrees.

The ZTZ96A is also effective in close-quarters brawls, where its armour provides a great advantage against the enemy. An opponent like the [[Leopard 2K]] or [[M1 Abrams]] will have to aim for the ZTZ96A's weak spots while the 125-I APFSDS can penetrate these tanks anywhere. Although the gun handling isn't outstanding, it's enough to get the job done with some situational awareness.

===Assault mode===
For players grinding the APFSDS in assault mode, it is recommended to bring full ammo, with around half HEAT and half HE. As the countdown goes at the start of the match, quickly find a spot where you will not get shot from every direction and stay there until you run out of ammo or get destroyed. The HEAT is great at one-shotting weakly armoured (relatively) cold war tanks, while the HE is capable of destroying those heavily protected top tier MBT. Given that you do not have APFSDS therefore lacking the ability to knock out some AI frontally, you will have to rely on assists to get scores. Firing HEAT / HE at tracks, roof mounted MG, turret ring, cannon barrel, etc can at least immobile / disarm the AI, granting you an assist. The 7.5 second reload will be quite slow when facing a huge wave of AI so you must aim each shot carefully, but other times it is generally fast enough. The ZTZ96's armour can take quite some beating but is also prone to ammo rack explosion, or penetrating shots from the lower front plate and gun mantlet.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* Leopard 2 A5: this is the most protected Leopard you will see in assault, usually in Mozdok and Fulda. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HE and aim for its turret ring where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to destroy it instantly. When facing its side, load HEAT and aim for its central hull. Don't expect to block any of its shells as its APFSDS can easily go through the ZTZ96's frontal armour, or the AI can just target your weakspots.
* M1A2: you will see it mostly in Fulda and Ardennes. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HEAT and aim for its turret ring where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to destroy it instantly. HE might not work here since it cannot effectively hurt the turret crew. But HE works great when aiming at the M1's turret roof. Items like the MG and the optics will all detonate the HE, causing the downward shrapnel to knock out all the crew. When facing its side, load HEAT and aim for its central hull.
* Challenger 2F: you will see it mostly in Sands of Sinai. It is one of the toughest AI to destroy, especially when there are waves of them. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HE and aim for the hull side above the tracks where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to detonate random ammo inside. When facing its side, still load HE and aim for its central hull for an ammo detonation. The Challenger 2F's sides are covered with ERA blocks thus HEAT will get absorbed.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Same powerful gun with access to high-penetrating APFSDS as ZTZ96
* Autoloader reloads the cannon even when putting out fires or replacing crew members
* HE shell is currently the most powerful available to any high-rank MBT, can cripple or outright destroy enemies with a good shot
* Low profile
* Strong turret cheeks armour
* Strong upper glacis armour
* Combinations of strong armour and very fast and high penetrating APFSDS makes it a good sniper
* Roof-mounted heavy machine gun is useful against aircraft and light targets
* Relatively-faster turret rotation speed, compared to contemporary Soviet tanks
* Thermal sights
* Improved mobility over predecessor ZTZ96

'''Cons:'''

* Mobility is below average at its rank
* Autoloader carousel is a giant ammo rack
* Poor reverse speed
* Below average gun depression (-5°)
* Only 3 crew members
* No ATGM capability, unlike the T-64B and T-72B
* Relatively slow reload compared to other MBT
* ERA and thickened armour is a great improvement over the previous model, but some shells are still able to penetrate
* Lower plate is very weak, with penetrating shells killing crew or exploding ammo

== History ==


The [[ZTZ96]] main battle tank entered service with the People's Liberation Army starting in the late 1990s. The Gulf War had shown that older tanks like the [[T-55A|T-55]] or [[Type 69]] were no match whatsoever for modern MBTs like the [[M1 Abrams]], and the ZTZ96 was derived from the export Type 85-IIAP as a stopgap. It was a significant improvement over the old stocks of [[Type 59]] variants that formed the bulk of the PLA's tank forces, featuring modular composite armor and a powerful 125 mm smoothbore gun. However, the basic ZTZ96 was still below par in terms of engine power, electronics, and overall protection compared to many Western main battle tanks. The next-generation [[ZTZ99]], which had been under separate development for years, was a significantly more competitive design with heavier armor, superior mobility, and a sophisticated suite of electronics. However, the ZTZ99 was heavier and more expensive than the ZTZ96, limiting how quickly it could be adopted and where in China it could be deployed. The ZTZ96 could still occupy a niche as a lighter and cheaper MBT for the rapid modernization of the PLA, but it needed upgrades to bring it closer to parity with its rivals.

The ZTZ96A variant was developed through the early 2000s and first unveiled in 2006. The upgrades consisted of applique armor on the turret front in an "arrowhead" shape, a new gunner's sight with thermal imaging, an improved fire control system, and a slightly more powerful 800 horsepower engine. At least one prototype vehicle was tested with an unusual "needle-nose" applique armor format and infrared dazzlers akin to the Soviet Shtora system. The former did not enter production but a handful of ZTZ96As in PLA service have been seen with the dazzlers.

The ZTZ96A was used by the Chinese team from 2014-2016 at the Tank Biathlon competition hosted by Russia. The Chinese team placed third in 2014 and second in 2015 and 2016 in the final results. From 2017 onward, it was replaced for competition use by the upgraded ZTZ96B variant with a more powerful engine developing between 1,000 and 1,130 horsepower and general improvements to the systems and chassis.

The ZTZ96A has been offered for export by Norinco under the name of "VT-2", first demonstrated in 2012.

At present, more than 1,100 examples of the ZTZ96A are currently in service with the PLA. It is more numerous than the elite [[ZTZ99]] and will continue to serve for the forseeable future.

=== [[wt:en/news/6630-development-ztz96a-can-take-a-punch-en|Devblog]] ===

Development of the ZTZ96A began in the early 2000s, once it became clear that the introduction of the ZTZ99 MBT would be delayed due to issues surrounding its development. As a result, Chinese engineers developed an improved version of the existing ZTZ96, in order to counter the threat of the most advanced fighting vehicles of other nations, such as the USA, Russia, Japan, Korea or India.

Two different prototypes were built as part of the development work, of which one was chosen for further development and eventually entered production as the ZTZ96A. With the ZTZ96A, Chinese engineers addressed two of the biggest shortcomings of the original ZTZ96 - mobility and protection - by installing additional ERA packages to the turret and hull front as well as fitting a more powerful engine.

The ZTZ96A was first revealed in 2006 and served as the basis for the development of more advanced versions of the vehicle. The ZTZ96A is still in service and makes for the most widely used main battle tank in service with the PLA today.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=cn_ztz_96a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:ZTZ-96A WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96A WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96A WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96A WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96A WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96A WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|86-UrgRQQ5k|'''ZTZ96A Slightly Improved''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis
* [[ZTZ96]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6630-development-ztz96a-can-take-a-punch-en|[Devblog] ZTZ96A: Can take a punch!]]

{{China medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks ZTZ96A.png

2021-04-28T16:00:41Z

U33751742: Category:Ammo racks

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

ZTZ59D1

2021-04-28T15:35:56Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ added ammo racks

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_type_59d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

The ZTZ59D1 is a comprehensive upgrade of the venerable [[Type 59]]. It includes a large number of modern features on a old chassis, rather like an AK-47 decked out with modern furniture and accessories. The most noticeable difference at a first glance are the ERA arrays on the hull and turret cheeks. The original 100 mm Type 59 cannon has been replaced with a licensed copy of the ubiquitous Royal Ordinance L7 105 mm cannon, and the installation of thermal sights and a laser rangefinder give the tank impressive firepower. Unfortunately it still suffers from many of the Type 59's weaknesses, namely subpar mobility and gun handling. While it is not very suited to the high-speed combat common at its rank, a skilled and careful tanker can still enjoy it as a formidable sniper.

The ZTZ59D1 is succeeded by the [[ZTZ96]], a significantly more modern design with better firepower, mobility, and protection.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|100 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (54°) ''Lower glacis''
|80 mm
|45 mm (16°) ''Upper'' 30 mm (72°) ''Lower''
|30 mm ''Front'' 20 mm ''Back''
|-
|Turret
|160 mm (14-39°) ''Turret front'' 200 mm (4-78°) ''Gun mantlet''
|115 mm (45-50°) ''Upper'' 155 mm (10-30°) ''Lower''
|65 mm (9-35°)
|30 mm
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick

The base armour of the ZTZ59D1 is exactly the same as the [[Type 59]]. The hull and turret armour are quite thick, but the original T-54 armour was designed to counter WWII-era German cannons, and at the ZTZ's rank it will not hold up against sabot or HEAT rounds. It is at least fairly auto-cannon proof from the front. The ERA arrays on the turret use ERA comparable to the Soviet Kontakt-1 and have good protection against chemical rounds; unfortunately they do not have very good coverage, and the area around the gun mantlet is heavily exposed.

There are also ERA arrays on the upper glacis with an interesting setup: two layers of ERA separated by an air gap. While the hull coverage is spotty due to the tow cable attachment points, the ERA setup boasts 120 mm of kinetic protection. This is not quite enough against the common 105 mm DM23 APFSDS considering that the ZTZ59D1 lacks composite armour to back the ERA up, but it will stop all 105 mm APDS rounds. Certain APFSDS rounds with especially poor angled penetration like the [[T-55A]]'s 3BM25 and the [[T95E1]]'s T320 will fail to penetrate even at point-blank range. The US 105 mm M735 and 152 mm XM578E1 will occasionally be blocked given some distance and angling. The hull ERA's chemical protection is not as strong as the turret ERA due to the less drastic sloping from the front profile and 120 mm HEAT-FS as fired by the [[Leopard A1A1 (L/44)]] will be able to penetrate.

Post-penetration survivability is not ideal. There is an ammo rack behind the fuel tank next to the driver, but unlike the comparable [[T-55AM-1]], they are not "wet" and can be easily detonated by penetrating hits. Loose ammunition is stowed in various corners of the crew compartment. It is a good idea to minimize the number of rounds carried.

Sometimes, if you are lucky, you will survive a penetrating shot that knocked out your gunner / driver, and your fate depends on whether if you can fight back / retreat before the enemy loads the second shell. If your crew cannot replace the dead gunner / driver on time, a split second late and you will certainly get destroyed by the next shell. Therefore it is recommended to max out the "Agility" skill on every crew, it might save your life one day.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 806|rbMinHp= 460}}

Speed is definitely not a strength for the {{PAGENAME}}. The original [[Type 59]] was not a speedster to begin with and the upgrades on this tank add an extra ton of weight without any increase in engine power. It is also incapable of turning in place and has a poor reverse speed of only -7 km/h.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type 83 (105 mm)}}

The Type 83 cannon is a Chinese produced version of the tried-and-true Royal Ordnance L7 gun used by numerous other contemporary tanks. Unfortunately, since it's mounted in the cramped confines of the Type 59 chassis, the reload speed is about 2 seconds slower than average. The ZTZ59D1 also does not have an upgraded turret drive and the turret rotation speed of at most 10 degrees per second is exceptionally bad for the battle rating. It at least has a two-plane stabilizer, which is a step up from the Type 59's vertical stabilizer.

The -4° gun depression might look too poor, but due to the low height of the vehicle it is actually enough for quite some not-so-hilly terrains. On gentle hills the ZTZ59D1 can peek over safely, exposing only the turret for hull down, for example in certain spots on Jungle and Frozen Pass. However, this gun depression is still not great in very hilly maps like Karelia, forcing the player to ditch the hull down tactic.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 83 (105 mm)|105 mm Type 83]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 37 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 9.5 || 13.2 || 16.0 || 17.7 || 18.8 || rowspan="2" | 11.18 || rowspan="2" | 9.89 || rowspan="2" | 9.12 || rowspan="2" | 8.60
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 5.9 || 7.0 || 8.5 || 9.4 || 10.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The ZTZ59D1's ammunition consists of the typical set for 105 mm guns. The stock Type 83-HEAT is a HEAT-FS round with 400 mm of penetration at any distance that struggles against enemies with ERA or composite armour. Use it as an interim round until APFSDS is unlocked, but keep a few afterwards since it can hull-break IFVs, light tanks, and SPAAs. The Type-83 HESH round causes a wide (but not very deep) cone of damage and practically ignores slopes, but only works against thinner plates of conventional armour and has poor ballistics. It may be helpful once in a while to finish off targets that only have a slight portion of their tank exposed, but for the most part it should be ignored. The Type-83 APDS is, despite its name, an APFSDS round with identical performance to the common 105 mm DM23 used by the [[Leopard A1A1]] for example. It has decent performance overall and can dispatch targets with weaker forms of composite armour like the [[XM-1 (GM)]].

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Type-83 HEAT || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| Type-83 HESH || HESH || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127 || 127
|-
| Type-83 APDS || APFSDS || 337 || 335 || 330 || 322 || 314 || 306
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Type-83 HEAT || HEATFS || 1,173 || 11 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,270 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| Type-83 HESH || HESH || 730 || 15 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,310 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| Type-83 APDS || APFSDS || 1,455 || 3.79 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th* rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''37''' || 36 ''(+1)'' || 31 ''(+6)'' || 30 ''(+7)'' || 26 ''(+11)'' || 23 ''(+14)'' || 21 ''(+16)'' || 1 ''(+36)'' || no
|-
|}

Notes:
* The 7th Rack serves as First-Stage ammo stowage.
* It is recommended to carry at most 31 ''(+6)'' rounds as to empty the turret's ammo racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}

The ZTZ59D1 features two MGs: one roof-mounted 12.7 mm heavy MG, and a 7.62 mm coaxial MG. The 12.7 mm MG, with its maximum penetration of around 30 mm, can do quite well against lightly armoured vehicles such as the [[R3 T20 FA-HS|R3 T20]] / [[R3 T106 FA|T106]] and the [[AUBL/74]]. It can also damage or even destroy the opponent's gun barrel or track with around 5 seconds of continuous fire. Against low-flying aircraft it can easily get you some critical hits with the correct lead. However its magazine empties very quickly and it does not carry enough ammo for prolonged MG fire comparing to the infamous M2HB.

The 7.62 mm, on the other hand, can only damage fully exposed crew which are not commonly seen at this BR, or clear up light obstacles. Its low penetration greatly limits its usage in battles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 250 (50) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,500 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The ZTZ59D1 might have a lot of modern features, but there is really no disguising the fact that it is a Type 59 at heart. The Type 59 at 8.0 already struggled with its poor gun handling and the ZTZ59D1's upgraded two-plane stabilizer is not much of a consolation considering that it will almost entirely face enemies with two-plane stabilizers and superior mobility. The ZTZ59D1 is best used as a support tank or sniper to take advantage of its good firepower and decent protection while minimizing the effects of its poor gun handling and mobility. Ideally one can stay behind the front lines, moving up when prudent, and allow other teammates to push forwards. Enemies that appear or reveal themselves can then be dispatched at a safe distance. However one must be on the lookout for flanking enemies, as the gun handling is not adequate for responding quickly to unexpected threats. For this reason close range brawling should also be avoided. The mobility is also quite poor for its rank and it pays to be vigilant when moving up to sniping positions - enemies may be already present.

A nice feature of the ZTZ59D1 is its access to thermal vision. While not of particularly high resolution, it helps with spotting targets significantly in both day and night battles and aids its sniping capabilities. However it is not the only tank with thermal vision at its rank, so this is not an absolute advantage. Situational awareness is very important on the ZTZ59D1 to compensate for its poor gun handling and reload, and certainly being able to spot and shoot enemies first is helpful. Make good use of the laser rangefinder as well.

The ZTZ59D1 has better protection than the average 8.7 MBT, but it is by no means immune or even consistently resistant to enemy fire. Poorly aimed 105 mm HEAT-FS can be resisted by the hull and turret ERA and very poorly aimed 105 mm APDS or weak APFSDS can be resisted by the hull ERA. The turret is vulnerable to any kind of kinetic round, though turret penetrations are less likely to knock out the tank in one hit. Count yourself lucky if you survive any form of incoming fire and treat it as a second chance.

Helicopters are a major threat to the ZTZ59D1. ATGMs will typically go right through its ERA and even helicopters with unguided rockets, which typically need to fly closer to the battlefield, are difficult to destroy given the ZTZ59D1's bad gun handling. Stay out of sight if possible and take advantage of the smoke grenades if caught in the open. Lightly armoured helicopters can be harassed with the heavy machine gun at closer distances.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 105 mm gun is a major step up from the [[Type 69]]'s cannon
* Equipped with ERA on the turret and upper glacis, resistant to chemical munitions
* Hull ERA setup offers some kinetic protection
* Has a two-plane stabilizer
* Access to smoke grenades, thermal sights, and laser rangefinder
* Top mounted DShK heavy machine gun is helpful against light targets and aircraft
* Low profile

'''Cons:'''

* Mobility is slightly worse than the original [[Type 59]], quite inadequate at its match-making position
* Turret traverse and base armour are the same as the Type 59, gun handling is painful in close quarters and APFSDS will go straight through much of the tank
* ERA coverage is sparse, significant gaps around the gun and on the upper glacis
* Turret ERA will get destroyed in large patches, not piece by piece, upon getting hit by chemical rounds
* Not particularly mobile; reverse speed in particular is quite slow
* Poor gun depression greatly limits its capacity in hilly terrain
* Slow reload compared to Western MBTs
* No wet ammo storage

== History ==


The [[Type 59]] tank was the primary tank of the People's Liberation Army in the Cold War era. While reliable, easy to manufacture, and available in large numbers, the design began to show its age as time went on. Improved derivatives like the [[Type 69]] were not used extensively by the PLA. In the 1980s the large inventory of old Type 59s was in need of modernization, but defrosting relations with the Western world around that time allowed the purchase, use, and study of foreign technology, greatly aiding in the improvement of existing vehicles and development of future models. The first Type 59 model to benefit from these upgrades was the Type-59-II, which boasted a 105mm rifled gun based on the ubiquitous Royal Ordinance L7 and improved vision systems. The '''Type 59D1''' variant was a further development, adding on modern computerized fire-control systems, passive night vision devices, an improved gun with thermal sleeve, and explosive reactive armour. Other variants of note include the similar Type 59D, which has a longer gun and support for gun-launched ATGMs, the Type 59G, an overhaul featuring a welded turret and 125mm gun similar to the modern Type 96, and the Jaguar, a joint Sino-American project with a heavily overhauled turret and hull.

Later Type 59 variants are still present in the inventory of the PLA at present, though they have been replaced over time by the Type 99 and [[ZTZ96|Type 96]] tanks. While outdated, they are still useful for reserve or training purposes.

The designation/acronym "ZTZ" is used at times by the Chinese military for its main battle tanks. In Mandarin, the first Z stands for "armoured vehicle" or "armour", the T stands for "tank", and second Z stands for "main battle". This term is generally used to describe modern Chinese MBTs, but for the most part it can be interchanged freely with "Type".

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=cn_type_59d Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|B6ZsuPjSuNo|'''T-54/T-55 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 6:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|6eIntBnVnso|'''{{PAGENAME}} its Painful!''' - ''Pinhead_Plays''|U-y2lwjN7Uo|'''British gun on a Russian tank - {{PAGENAME}} Gameplay review''' - ''Sgt.Vittie'' (Review starts at 5:13)}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks ZTZ59D1.png

2021-04-28T15:35:36Z

U33751742: Category:Ammo racks

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

M113A1 (TOW)

2021-03-20T13:23:29Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_m113a1_tow
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.85 "Supersonic"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The M113 chassis is a reliable chassis for what it was designed for, armoured to withstand the firepower seen on the battlefield while deploying troops. It is able to withstand all machine gun fire (5.56 mm to 14.5 mm) and is able to withstand autocannon fire at moderate ranges from the front (more than 500 m with AP belts). It is far from being able to withstand calibres higher than 30 mm cannons and all chemical rounds (HEAT, ATGM, HESH, etc) will hull-break it instantly regardless of where it is hit.

'''Armour type:'''

* Aluminium alloy 5083 (hull, cupola)
* Structural steel (missile launcher, side skirts)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38 mm (45°) ''Upper glacis'' 29 mm (40°) ''Engine access panel'' 38 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis'' || 44 mm ''Top'' 32 mm ''Bottom'' || 38 mm (10°) || 38 mm 5 mm ''Engine vents''
|-
| Driver cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 25 mm (cylindrical) || 38 mm
|-
| Commander cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 38 mm (cylindrical) || 38 mm
|-
|}
[[File:M113A1 gunner is hit.jpg|220px|thumb|right|Try to hide as best as you can, or not only the gunner will suffer consequences, but the entirety of the crew as well.]]
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* The missile launcher is a 30-50 mm thick pylon (structural steel).
* The belly armour is 29 mm thick.
* Side skirts are 4 mm thick.

The vehicle profile is a basic rectangle with a slightly sloped front which increases protection from machine gun fire. Front has a hatch, which works as HESH screen. The main areas of the vehicle to target when attacking is the missile launcher, machine gun to disable its attack capability or a main vehicle shot.

The gunner is exposed outside of the vehicle when directing the launcher and can be hit. Be aware, as the launcher's base and sometimes even the rangefinder, located next to the launcher, can trigger APHE fuse and cause it to explode in front of the gunner's face, then the shrapnel flies back and shreds the virtually non-existent roof armour, taking out everyone in the middle of the vehicle. Also, since the gunner stands within the opened roof hatch, if a chemical warhead hits rangefinder, then payload can enter vehicle through it and take out loader as well.

Since the vehicle's armour is very thin, it sometimes does not detonate shells so armour-ripping shells causes less than fatal damage. However, only '''very''' high calibre shells with fuses of about 20-22 mm won't detonate, which are very rare at BR 8.3 battles, as almost everyone use 15 mm fuses at this point. The main key here is to avoid being hit at all, as if your tank will be angled during attack, the fuses would detonate anyway.

All in all, it's best to just get out of the way of other tanks and sneak around; this is a vehicle of strategy, not brute force.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 305|rbMinHp= 190}}

While game stats state the top speed of the {{PAGENAME}} is about 64-71 km/h, in reality it seems to manage around 30-40 km/h, which compared to other vehicles in its rank is rather slow. The turn rate of the vehicle also isn't that amazing, which can be a problem in an ambush or an immediate change of direction is needed.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|BGM-71B TOW|BGM-71C I-TOW}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BGM-71B TOW]] or [[BGM-71C I-TOW]] missile || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 10 || rowspan="2" | -20°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±45° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 15.9 || 21.9 || 26.6 || 29.5 || 31.3 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 10.7 || 12.6 || 15.3 || 16.9 || 18.8
|-
|}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a specialized vehicle which has a TOW missile launcher mounted onto the top of the vehicle. Ten missiles are onboard and can be fired before it needs to reload or resupply.

Anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) loaded in TOW launcher have two purposes: be extremely fast and attack at range across the battlefield, much like artillery cannons. As such, of all ATGMs at its battle rating, the {{PAGENAME}} is probably one of the fastest with both launch and a top speed of 300 m/s. Be aware, this vehicle can easily be beaten by hybrid tank ATGMs, however, they're typically found at battle rating 9.0, aside from US light tank [[M551]] and Soviet medium tank [[T-55AM-1]], which is also a premium vehicle.

When initially using the {{PAGENAME}}, the standard ATGM is available for use, which is a TOW which when fired can travel for approximately 3 km and has a 430 mm of penetration at 0 degrees or 214 mm of penetration at 60 degrees.

The first-tier ammunition upgrade unleashes the "I-TOW" which provides 630 mm of penetration at 0 degrees and 314 mm of penetration at 60 degrees with a range of approximately 3.75 km. The drawback to using this missile is that it does slightly less damage in realistic battle mode.

The placement of weapon is high enough to fire over cover, however, advantages also at times spawn disadvantages and in this case, with the vehicle gunner standing tall outside of the vehicle, he has no protection and can easily be hit, despite the rest of vehicle being concealed.

The launcher has a rather limited arc of fire - 45 degrees in either direction, which isn't compensated by missile's characteristics like in case of [[Swingfire]] or armour like in case of [[IT-1]]. If you want to fire over cover best bet is to stand far away from the enemy and cover, or right in front of the cover, however, this still probably won't protect the gunner.

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| TOW || ATGM || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430
|-
| I-TOW || ATGM || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| TOW || ATGM || 299 || 3,000 || 18.8 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 3,210 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| I-TOW || ATGM || 296 || 3,750 || 19 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,720 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
|-
| '''10''' || 9 ''(+1)'' || 8 ''(+2)'' || 7 ''(+3)'' || 6 ''(+4)'' || 5 ''(+5)''
|-
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| 4 ''(+6)'' || 3 ''(+7)'' || 2 ''(+8)'' || 1 ''(+9)'' || 0 ''(+10)'' || No
|-
|}

Notes:
* The {{PAGENAME}} is unable to select the amount of ammo the vehicle can spawn with, as such the vehicle always spawns with full ammo and all its ammo racks filled.
* The vehicle has no ready rack, as such both reload speed and ammo placement remains the same as the ammo is depleted.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

The single 12.7 mm machine gun can be effective when fighting against open-topped vehicles or to cause some confusion/distraction to the enemy vehicles as the M113A1 reloads.

At this battle rating, this vehicle is limited to keeping helicopters from getting too comfy, since they too have thin to no armour, other aircraft should be left to the designated anti-air vehicles. As a last resort, the ATGM can be also be used against air targets.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The M113A1 TOW is best used as a surprise sniper and support vehicle, for this it is heavily recommended that you play in Ground Realistic battles, as in Arcade battles you'll be at a major disadvantage, due to enemies being able to spot you easier (as your name will be visible) and you'll mostly be seen on the mini-map which means that any form of surprise attack or ambush is nearly impossible. In Realistic battles however, the M113A1 TOW shines, the best way to play this vehicle is to hide in places where you're able to shoot from far away, whilst having a great view of the battlefield. Maps such as fields of Poland are really good if you position yourself somewhere were you have cover, a great view which you can easily take advantage of and turn the tide of battle into your teams favour.

The M113A1 TOW is not very fast, so keep that in mind when disengaging from enemies or moving to a new spot, as once you've gotten a kill or two from the spot you're shooting from, it is likely the enemy team knows of your presence. Due to this not only is it good to move as enemies will either not expose themselves to you anymore, or you'll be targeted by air targets who will easily take you out due to you not being armoured, and open top. The M113A1 TOW also has a very sluggish reload rate, the best way to prevail is to pick your targets tactically, as once you have shot your missile you are basically defenceless, your machine-gun can only really deal with lightly armoured vehicles and helicopters. You cannot fire on the move with the M113A1 TOW so there is no sense in moving with your team, it is always better if you stay away from the action, keep your distance and take out flanking enemies. One good upside about the M113A1 TOW is that it can traverse bodies of water, it is very slow and you're pretty much a sitting duck, but it is good to keep in mind if you get overrun and need somewhere to hide where most enemies might not check from. It is also good on certain maps where you can reach spots quicker by going on water, which is recommended as you need to suprise your enemy to be effective in this vehicle. The M113A1 does have access to night vision, so this will help greatly on night maps, it does not get access to thermals. Last but not least, one of its low tier modifications is the I-TOW missile, make sure to research this as it will give you a higher chance in one shotting enemies, or at least rendering them defenceless for enough time for you or a teammate to take them out.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Helicopters]] eg. AH-1, UH-1, etc: helicopters are always a great threat to you. Although at the start of the match they cannot equip ATGMs, they are still able to carry lots of deadly rockets, posing a great threat to the M113's weak hull. When an enemy helicopter is roaming nearby and showering the ground with rockets, the safest option is to stay in cover or be stationary, to make it harder for the helicopter to see you. Your only effective defensive weapon against them is the 12.7 mm MG (unless you are very skilled and can manually guide the ATGM to hit them). Only open fire when the helicopter is extremely near, for example within 400 m. Your MG can only damage light helicopters like the UH-1 but not armoured ones. Continuously spray bullets at it until it starts to turn towards you, and quickly retreat back into cover as any helicopter can easily destroy you with a few rockets.
* [[M60A1 RISE (P)]], [[M60A3 TTS]]: these tanks are covered with ERA which are pretty much designed to counter chemical warheads like your TOW missiles. When the M113's TOW missile hits them, their ERA always detonate, leaving the tanks themselves unharmed, so it is not recommended to shoot them when their ERA are still present. If they are quite far away, you can choose to break their gun barrels or tracks to make them defenceless or immobile. If they are close enough, you can use your 12.7 mm MG to destroy their ERA first. Do not spray, fire in quick bursts and focus on a few ERA, as the bullets seem to spread out a lot in a continuous fire which will decrease the damage to the ERA you want to destroy. The MG is rather effective at destroying these modules. Once those ERA are gone use the TOW to hit the uncovered areas. The most straightforward method is to just fire a missile at them, destroying a bunch of ERA and fire another one at the uncovered area. However this method will give them more than 10 seconds of reaction time so make sure that you are well concealed and will not get spotted before the next missile.
* [[M901]]: this is a similar vehicle based on the M113 hull, with an interesting and unique TOW launcher. The launcher has 360 degrees horizontal rotation and 30 degrees gun depression meaning it adapts terrains better than the M113A1 (TOW). Furthermore, its gunner is not exposed which increases its fighting capacity, so you must deal with the M901 carefully. In a battle, your M113A1 (TOW) and the M901 might be at similar spots which is kind of a sniper vs sniper scenario. Do not get hit by it, as your gunner/launcher will detonate its missile and the shrapnel will splash down, knocking out all the crew or causing a hull break. Try to fire first or hide until his attention shifts.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Amazing 20 degrees depression of the missile allows the M113 to adapt to any rough terrain with ease
* Adequate mobility (64 km/h top speed) allows it to get to positions in time, not much slower than common MBTs like the [[T-54 (1947)|T-54]], [[M48 Patton (Family)|M48]], etc
* Stock ATGM penetrates up to 430 mm and can score kills at a very long range, up to 3 km
* Researchable I-TOW ATGM improves penetration to 630 mm, and range to 3.75 km
* Heavy MG can take out lightly armoured vehicles (eg. [[WZ305]]) and low-flying planes/helicopters

'''Cons:'''

* Fully exposed gunner is very vulnerable to everything, like MG fire, artillery strikes, and strafing planes
* Weak armour protection reduces survivability, especially against rapid-firing SPAAs like the [[Gepard]], [[M163]], [[Chieftain Marksman]], etc
* While not so slow, it can still get out-ran by lots of opponents like the [[Leopard 1 (Family)|Leopard 1]]s, [[Centauro]]s, etc.
* Is a big and soft target for strike aircraft, even for WW2 planes
* Cannot fire ATGM on the move, which can prove fatal in a sudden close quarters encounter
* Not so fast in a turn
* Gun depression is very limited above the MG

== History ==


At the end of the 1970's, Italy was able to acquire straight from their American allies the BGM TOW Anti-Tank Guided Missile launchers. This allowed Italy to equip itself with a potent long range weapon that would oppose the heavy armored formations of the Warsaw Pact. The TOW had proven to be a wide success in the export market, and had several different versions that could be fired depending on the need. The TOW is still being used today in several countries and has been upgraded heavily which overall makes it a powerful weapon to be afraid of. After they had bought them, they would gradually be assigned to different parts of the armed forces. The Italian mechanized battalions were one of the main users and ended up installing the TOW system on several different vehicles, such as Land Rovers or in this case, the M113A1. These versions of the M113 differed from normal variants, due to the roof being able to be opened (to allow the TOW system to actually be installed) and a new GM 6V Diesel engine that produced up to 215 hp. This however turned out to be very dangerous for the crew, this variant had neither protection against ballistic threats, nor against the NBC ones. One of the many upsides was the ease at which the M113 was able to traverse through its environment and through bodies of water if needed. In terms of service, It was used all the way through the Cold War, and partook in several peacekeeping missions, such as in the Balkans and in Afghanistan. Overall, it was used in the majority of regiments of the Italian army, such as the Bersaglieri, who to this day apparently still have a few amount in service.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=italy&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=it_m113a1_tow Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:M113A1 (TOW).png
File:M113A1 (TOW) - Front View.png
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|SJoW-2_6J6o|'''Amphibious tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:11 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|4_cJ1CpEatw|'''Best gun depression''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:43 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


Other vehicles based off the M113 platform:

* [[M163]]
* [[M901]]
* [[SIDAM 25]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Italy tank destroyers}}

[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

M113A1 (TOW) (China)

2021-03-20T13:23:25Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ fixed typo

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_m113a1_tow
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]]. It is a M113 Armoured Personnel Carrier with a TOW missile launcher equipped on the back of the vehicle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Aluminium alloy 5083 (hull, cupola)
* Structural steel (missile launcher, side skirts)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38 mm (45°) ''Upper glacis'' 29 mm (40°) ''Engine access panel'' 38 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis'' || 44 mm ''Top'' 32 mm ''Bottom'' || 38 mm (10°) || 38 mm 5 mm ''Engine vents''
|-
| Driver cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 25 mm (cylindrical) || 38 mm
|-
| Commander cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 38 mm (cylindrical) || 38 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* The missile launcher is a 30-50 mm thick pylon (structural steel).
* The belly armour is 29 mm thick.
* Side skirts are 4 mm thick.

The vehicle profile is a basic rectangle with a slightly sloped front which increases protection from machine gun fire. Front has a hatch, which works as HESH screen. The main areas of the vehicle to target when attacking is the missile launcher, machine gun to disable its attack capability or a main vehicle shot.

The M113A1 is meant to be a stand-off vehicle due to its role on the battlefield, and is not built to be on the front line. The aluminium alloy armour will not stand up to much and as is will barely stop 12 mm machine gun fire when angled or far away. Anything of higher calibre is almost guaranteed to penetrate.

Try to hide as best as you can, or not only the gunner will suffer consequences, but the entirety of the crew as well.

The gunner is exposed outside of the vehicle when directing the launcher and can be hit. Be aware, as the launcher's base and sometimes even the rangefinder, located next to the launcher, can trigger APHE fuse and cause it to explode in front of gunner's face, then the shrapnel flies back and shreds the virtually nonexistant roof armour, taking out everyone in the middle of the vehicle. Also, since the gunner stands within the opened roof hatch, if a chemical warhead hits rangefinder, then payload can enter vehicle through it and take out loader as well.

Since the vehicle's armour is very thin, it sometimes does not detonate shells so armour-ripping shells causes less than fatal damage. However, only '''very''' high calibre shells with fuses of about 20-22 mm won't detonate, which are very rare at BR 8.3 battles, as almost everyone use 15 mm fuses at this point. The main key here is to avoid being hit at all, as if your tank will be angled during attack, the fuses would detonate anyway.

Vehicle also seems to not have hull break, as example, when an ATGM hits the side of the vehicle in arcade mode, it will only set it on fire. The mentioned shield on front can stop HESH from doing any damage at all, but it's not very reliable.

All in all, it's best to just get out of the way of other tanks and sneak around; this is a vehicle of strategy, not brute force.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 305|rbMinHp= 190}}

While the stats state the top speed of the M113A1 (TOW) is 64 km/h, in reality it is generally only able to accelerate up to around 30-40 km/h on flat terrain, which compared to other vehicles in its rank is rather slow. The turn rate of the vehicle also isn't that amazing, which can be a problem in an ambush or if an immediate change of direction is needed.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|BGM-71B TOW|BGM-71C I-TOW}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BGM-71B TOW]] or [[BGM-71C I-TOW]] missile || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 10 || rowspan="2" | -20°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±45° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||15.9||21.9||26.6||29.5||31.3|| rowspan="2" |13.00|| rowspan="2" |11.50|| rowspan="2" |10.60|| rowspan="2" |10.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
|10.7||12.6||15.3||16.9||18.0
|-
|}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a specialized vehicle which has a TOW missile launcher mounted onto the top of the vehicle. Ten missiles are onboard and can be fired before it needs to reload or resupply.

Anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) loaded in TOW launcher have two purposes: be extremely fast and attack at range across the battlefield, much like artillery cannons. As such, of all ATGMs at its battle rating, the {{PAGENAME}} is probably one of the fastest with both launch and a top speed of 300 m/s. Be aware, this vehicle can easily be beaten by hybrid tank ATGMs, however, they're typically found at battle rating 9.0, aside from US light tank [[M551]] and Soviet medium tank [[T-55AM-1]], which is also a premium vehicle.

When initially using the {{PAGENAME}}, the standard ATGM is available for use, which is a TOW which when fired can travel for approximately 3 km and has a 430 mm of penetration at 0 degrees or 214 mm of penetration at 60 degrees.

The first-tier ammunition upgrade unleashes the "I-TOW" which provides 630 mm of penetration at 0 degrees and 314 mm of penetration at 60 degrees with a range of approximately 3.75 km. The drawback to using this missile is that it does slightly less damage in realistic battle mode.

The placement of weapon is high enough to fire over cover, however, advantages also at times spawn disadvantages and in this case, with the vehicle gunner standing tall outside of the vehicle, he has no protection and can easily be hit, despite the rest of vehicle being concealed.

The launcher has a rather limited arc of fire - 45 degrees in either direction, which isn't compensated by missile's characteristics like in case of [[Swingfire]] or armour like in case of [[IT-1]]. If you want to fire over cover best bet is to stand far away from the enemy and cover, or right in front of the cover, however, this still probably won't protect the gunner.

The gun depression, at 20 degrees, excels almost every other tank and allows the player to use many surprising positions to attack. Note that the depression is far less when the launch tube is above the MG.

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| TOW || ATGM || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430
|-
| I-TOW || ATGM || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| TOW || ATGM || 299 || 3,000 || 18.8 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 3,210 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| I-TOW || ATGM || 296 || 3,750 || 19 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,720 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M113A1_(TOW).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
|-
| '''10''' || 9 ''(+1)'' || 8 ''(+2)'' || 7 ''(+3)'' || 6 ''(+4)'' || 5 ''(+5)''
|-
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| 4 ''(+6)'' || 3 ''(+7)'' || 2 ''(+8)'' || 1 ''(+9)'' || 0 ''(+10)'' || No
|-
|}

Notes:
* Unlikes the [[CM25]], the {{PAGENAME}} is unable to select the amount of ammunition it can carry to battle, always bringing full ammo racks to battle.
* The vehicle has no ready rack, therefore the reload speed and ammo racks remain unchanged as the vehicle depletes its ammo racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

The single 12.7 mm machine gun can be effective when fighting against open-topped vehicles or to cause some confusion/distraction to the enemy vehicles as the M113A1 reloads.

At this battle rating, this vehicle is limited to keeping helicopters from getting too comfy, since they too have thin to no armour, the rest of aircrafts should be left to the designated anti-air vehicles. As a last resort, the ATGM can be used.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The best way one should use this vehicle would be to stay away from the active combat areas, hide, and use the exposed gunner and TOW launcher to your advantage. The exposed launcher allows the vehicle to hide behind solid cover while still being able to fire from over it, giving the enemy a much harder time in spotting and shooting you. Staying away from the combat zones maximises your survivability, in addition to taking advantage of the TOW missiles' extremely long range, allowing you to pick off targets from beyond the range of conventional rounds.

It is also worth noting the -20 degrees launcher depression as, even though it may not be as impressive as the -30 degrees launcher depression of the [[M901]], it is still very capable in adapting to uneven terrain and firing from behind hills. However, note that the depression angles are severely limited when the launcher is facing the pintle-mounted machine gun, to roughly only -3 degrees. Therefore, you should try to always have the front of the hull facing the direction of the battlefield, to avoid the launcher suddenly jerking up when the machine gun gets into the way, which will also guide the missile upwards (if launched), and therefore miss the target. Horizontal guidance is also limited, and the launcher will stop rotating at ±45 degrees. The best way to counter this drawback will be to play it like other turret-less tank destroyers, like the [[ISU-122 (China)|ISU-122]] and the [[ISU-152 (China)|ISU-152]], which must rotate the hull to assist with aiming at extreme angles.

Even though the M113 is mounted with a heavy machine gun, attempting to combat helicopters and planes is not recommended unless the situation is desperate, as doing so will only grab unwanted attention from both the air and ground. Aircraft at this rank are often equipped with HE rockets, only one of which is necessary to destroy your vehicle thanks to the hull-break mechanic, and if not, the vast majority of aircraft-mounted guns will be able to penetrate from any angle.

If you find yourself in a close quarters situation, the best method of survival will be to use the machine gun to cause some levels of distraction, while attempting to retreat to the nearest cover. Do note that your machine gun does have a relatively impressive penetration of 31 mm at close range, which can allow you to take out lightly armoured targets like the [[M3 Bradley]] (in the turret with some luck), [[AUBL/74]], [[Falcon]] etc., yet should still be avoided if possible due to these vehicles possessing much better close quarters capabilities and will have no problem in shredding the M113.

When moving to a shooting position, the last thing you should ever do is stop, which will make you an extremely easy target, keep driving no matter what, let your vehicle gain speed, which will make it harder for the enemy to hit you. When we look at the TOW missile itself, it is definitely not the fastest, nor the slowest, which means that you will need to make sure there is enough open space that the target is driving across, which gives more time for the missile to reach its target, and remember to lead slightly ahead. Due to the extremely good penetration, aiming basically anywhere on a target of the BR and hitting will guarantee some levels of damage, so it is generally best to aim at the centre mass of the vehicle, to deal as much damage as possible. If the first missile hits but does not destroy the target, do not hesitate in firing a second which will usually finish the job.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Helicopters]] eg. AH-1, UH-1, etc: helicopters are always a great threat to you. Although at the start of the match they cannot equip ATGMs, they are still able to carry lots of deadly rockets, posing a great threat to the M113's weak hull. When an enemy helicopter is roaming nearby and showering the ground with rockets, the safest option is to stay in cover or be stationary, to make it harder for the helicopter to see you. Your only effective defensive weapon against them is the 12.7 mm MG (unless you are very skilled and can manually guide the ATGM to hit them). Only open fire when the helicopter is extremely near, for example within 400 m. Your MG can only damage light helicopters like the UH-1 but not armoured ones. Continuously spray bullets at it until it starts to turn towards you, and quickly retreat back into cover as any helicopter can easily destroy you with a few rockets.
* [[M60A1 RISE (P)]], [[M60A3 TTS]]: these tanks are covered with ERA which are pretty much designed to counter chemical warheads like your TOW missiles. When the M113's TOW missile hits them, their ERA always detonate, leaving the tanks themselves unharmed, so it is not recommended to shoot them when their ERA are still present. If they are quite far away, you can choose to break their gun barrels or tracks to make them defenceless or immobile. If they are close enough, you can use your 12.7 mm MG to destroy their ERA first. Do not spray, fire in quick bursts and focus on a few ERA, as the bullets seem to spread out a lot in a continuous fire which will decrease the damage to the ERA you want to destroy. The MG is rather effective at destroying these modules. Once those ERA are gone use the TOW to hit the uncovered areas. The most straightforward method is to just fire a missile at them, destroying a bunch of ERA and fire another one at the uncovered area. However this method will give them more than 10 seconds of reaction time so make sure that you are well concealed and will not get spotted before the next missile.
* [[M901]]: this is a similar vehicle based on the M113 hull, with an interesting and unique TOW launcher. The launcher has 360 degrees horizontal rotation and 30 degrees gun depression meaning it adapts terrains better than the M113A1 (TOW). Furthermore, its gunner is not exposed which increases its fighting capacity, so you must deal with the M901 carefully. In a battle, your M113A1 (TOW) and the M901 might be at similar spots which is kind of a sniper vs sniper scenario. Do not get hit by it, as your gunner/launcher will detonate its missile and the shrapnel will splash down, knocking out all the crew or causing a hull break. Try to fire first or hide until his attention shifts.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Amazing 20 degrees depression adapts all rough terrains with ease
* Adequate mobility (64 km/h top speed) allows it to get to positions in time, not much slower than common MBTs like the [[T-54 (1947)|T-54]], [[M48A1]], etc
* Stock ATGM penetrates up to 430 mm and can score kills at a very long range, up to 3 km
* Researchable I-TOW ATGM improves penetration to 630 mm, and range to 3.75 km
* Heavy MG can take out lightly armoured vehicles and low-flying planes/helicopters
* A extended gunner and launcher allows the vehicle to fire with its whole hull in cover

'''Cons:'''

* Fully exposed gunner is very vulnerable to everything
* Weak armour protection reduces survivability, especially against rapid-firing SPAAs like the [[Gepard]], [[M163]], [[Chieftain Marksman]], etc
* While not so slow, it can still get outrun by lots of opponents like the [[Leopard I]]s, [[Centauro]]s, etc
* Is a big and soft target for ground pounders, even for WW2 planes
* Cannot fire ATGM on the move, which can be fatal in a close quarter sudden encounter
* Not so fast in a turn
* Gun depression is very limited above the MG

== History ==


The ROC armed forces have purchased 634 M113A1 APCs from the United States since 1964 and distributed them to mechanized infantry divisions and infantry battalions of armoured brigades. In 1979, arsenals of the Army Joint Logistics Command began to imitate the CM21 armoured vehicle based on the M113A1, and produced more than 1,000 CM21 APC and its variants.

In order to strengthen the combat effectiveness of the composite armoured brigade, the ROC Army purchased a number of M113A1 TOW ATGM carriers from the United States in 1977. These vehicles were mainly equipped by units of Army and Marine Corps. The M113A1 TOW ATGM carriers adopt the Israeli-designed RAMTA telescopic missile launchers and the American TOW-I missiles. They were the main mobile anti-tank forces of the combat units at that time. After the implementation of the reorganization program of armed forces codenamed "Lean" in 1998, all of the Army's TOW ATGM carriers were concentrated to the divisional level to use them intensively.

At present, the M113A1 TOW ATGM carriers of the ROC Army have been replaced by the M1045A2 Hummer missile carriers. As of 2019, only a small number of M113A1 missile carriers were still in service in the Marine Corps.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=cn_m113a1_tow Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|SJoW-2_6J6o|'''Amphibious tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:11 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|4_cJ1CpEatw|'''Best gun depression''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:43 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China tank destroyers}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

M113A1 (TOW) (China)

2021-03-20T13:21:05Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ added ammo racks

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_m113a1_tow
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]]. It is a M113 Armoured Personnel Carrier with a TOW missile launcher equipped on the back of the vehicle.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Aluminium alloy 5083 (hull, cupola)
* Structural steel (missile launcher, side skirts)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38 mm (45°) ''Upper glacis'' 29 mm (40°) ''Engine access panel'' 38 mm (25°) ''Lower glacis'' || 44 mm ''Top'' 32 mm ''Bottom'' || 38 mm (10°) || 38 mm 5 mm ''Engine vents''
|-
| Driver cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 25 mm (cylindrical) || 38 mm
|-
| Commander cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 38 mm (cylindrical) || 38 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and torsion bars are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* The missile launcher is a 30-50 mm thick pylon (structural steel).
* The belly armour is 29 mm thick.
* Side skirts are 4 mm thick.

The vehicle profile is a basic rectangle with a slightly sloped front which increases protection from machine gun fire. Front has a hatch, which works as HESH screen. The main areas of the vehicle to target when attacking is the missile launcher, machine gun to disable its attack capability or a main vehicle shot.

The M113A1 is meant to be a stand-off vehicle due to its role on the battlefield, and is not built to be on the front line. The aluminium alloy armour will not stand up to much and as is will barely stop 12 mm machine gun fire when angled or far away. Anything of higher calibre is almost guaranteed to penetrate.

Try to hide as best as you can, or not only the gunner will suffer consequences, but the entirety of the crew as well.

The gunner is exposed outside of the vehicle when directing the launcher and can be hit. Be aware, as the launcher's base and sometimes even the rangefinder, located next to the launcher, can trigger APHE fuse and cause it to explode in front of gunner's face, then the shrapnel flies back and shreds the virtually nonexistant roof armour, taking out everyone in the middle of the vehicle. Also, since the gunner stands within the opened roof hatch, if a chemical warhead hits rangefinder, then payload can enter vehicle through it and take out loader as well.

Since the vehicle's armour is very thin, it sometimes does not detonate shells so armour-ripping shells causes less than fatal damage. However, only '''very''' high calibre shells with fuses of about 20-22 mm won't detonate, which are very rare at BR 8.3 battles, as almost everyone use 15 mm fuses at this point. The main key here is to avoid being hit at all, as if your tank will be angled during attack, the fuses would detonate anyway.

Vehicle also seems to not have hull break, as example, when an ATGM hits the side of the vehicle in arcade mode, it will only set it on fire. The mentioned shield on front can stop HESH from doing any damage at all, but it's not very reliable.

All in all, it's best to just get out of the way of other tanks and sneak around; this is a vehicle of strategy, not brute force.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 305|rbMinHp= 190}}

While the stats state the top speed of the M113A1 (TOW) is 64 km/h, in reality it is generally only able to accelerate up to around 30-40 km/h on flat terrain, which compared to other vehicles in its rank is rather slow. The turn rate of the vehicle also isn't that amazing, which can be a problem in an ambush or if an immediate change of direction is needed.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|BGM-71B TOW|BGM-71C I-TOW}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BGM-71B TOW]] or [[BGM-71C I-TOW]] missile || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 10 || rowspan="2" | -20°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±45° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||15.9||21.9||26.6||29.5||31.3|| rowspan="2" |13.00|| rowspan="2" |11.50|| rowspan="2" |10.60|| rowspan="2" |10.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
|10.7||12.6||15.3||16.9||18.0
|-
|}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a specialized vehicle which has a TOW missile launcher mounted onto the top of the vehicle. Ten missiles are onboard and can be fired before it needs to reload or resupply.

Anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) loaded in TOW launcher have two purposes: be extremely fast and attack at range across the battlefield, much like artillery cannons. As such, of all ATGMs at its battle rating, the {{PAGENAME}} is probably one of the fastest with both launch and a top speed of 300 m/s. Be aware, this vehicle can easily be beaten by hybrid tank ATGMs, however, they're typically found at battle rating 9.0, aside from US light tank [[M551]] and Soviet medium tank [[T-55AM-1]], which is also a premium vehicle.

When initially using the {{PAGENAME}}, the standard ATGM is available for use, which is a TOW which when fired can travel for approximately 3 km and has a 430 mm of penetration at 0 degrees or 214 mm of penetration at 60 degrees.

The first-tier ammunition upgrade unleashes the "I-TOW" which provides 630 mm of penetration at 0 degrees and 314 mm of penetration at 60 degrees with a range of approximately 3.75 km. The drawback to using this missile is that it does slightly less damage in realistic battle mode.

The placement of weapon is high enough to fire over cover, however, advantages also at times spawn disadvantages and in this case, with the vehicle gunner standing tall outside of the vehicle, he has no protection and can easily be hit, despite the rest of vehicle being concealed.

The launcher has a rather limited arc of fire - 45 degrees in either direction, which isn't compensated by missile's characteristics like in case of [[Swingfire]] or armour like in case of [[IT-1]]. If you want to fire over cover best bet is to stand far away from the enemy and cover, or right in front of the cover, however, this still probably won't protect the gunner.

The gun depression, at 20 degrees, excels almost every other tank and allows the player to use many surprising positions to attack. Note that the depression is far less when the launch tube is above the MG.

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| TOW || ATGM || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430
|-
| I-TOW || ATGM || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| TOW || ATGM || 299 || 3,000 || 18.8 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 3,210 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| I-TOW || ATGM || 296 || 3,750 || 19 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,720 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M113A1_(TOW).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
|-
| '''10''' || 9 ''(+1)'' || 8 ''(+2)'' || 7 ''(+3)'' || 6 ''(+4)'' || 5 ''(+5)''
|-
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| 4 ''(+6)'' || 3 ''(+7)'' || 2 ''(+8)'' || 1 ''(+9)'' || 0 ''(+10)'' || No
|-
|}

Notes:
* Unlikes the {{CM25}}, the {{PAGENAME}} is unable to select the amount of ammunition it can carry to battle, always bringing full ammo racks to battle.
* The vehicle has no ready rack, therefore the reload speed and ammo racks remain unchanged as the vehicle depletes its ammo racks.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

The single 12.7 mm machine gun can be effective when fighting against open-topped vehicles or to cause some confusion/distraction to the enemy vehicles as the M113A1 reloads.

At this battle rating, this vehicle is limited to keeping helicopters from getting too comfy, since they too have thin to no armour, the rest of aircrafts should be left to the designated anti-air vehicles. As a last resort, the ATGM can be used.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The best way one should use this vehicle would be to stay away from the active combat areas, hide, and use the exposed gunner and TOW launcher to your advantage. The exposed launcher allows the vehicle to hide behind solid cover while still being able to fire from over it, giving the enemy a much harder time in spotting and shooting you. Staying away from the combat zones maximises your survivability, in addition to taking advantage of the TOW missiles' extremely long range, allowing you to pick off targets from beyond the range of conventional rounds.

It is also worth noting the -20 degrees launcher depression as, even though it may not be as impressive as the -30 degrees launcher depression of the [[M901]], it is still very capable in adapting to uneven terrain and firing from behind hills. However, note that the depression angles are severely limited when the launcher is facing the pintle-mounted machine gun, to roughly only -3 degrees. Therefore, you should try to always have the front of the hull facing the direction of the battlefield, to avoid the launcher suddenly jerking up when the machine gun gets into the way, which will also guide the missile upwards (if launched), and therefore miss the target. Horizontal guidance is also limited, and the launcher will stop rotating at ±45 degrees. The best way to counter this drawback will be to play it like other turret-less tank destroyers, like the [[ISU-122 (China)|ISU-122]] and the [[ISU-152 (China)|ISU-152]], which must rotate the hull to assist with aiming at extreme angles.

Even though the M113 is mounted with a heavy machine gun, attempting to combat helicopters and planes is not recommended unless the situation is desperate, as doing so will only grab unwanted attention from both the air and ground. Aircraft at this rank are often equipped with HE rockets, only one of which is necessary to destroy your vehicle thanks to the hull-break mechanic, and if not, the vast majority of aircraft-mounted guns will be able to penetrate from any angle.

If you find yourself in a close quarters situation, the best method of survival will be to use the machine gun to cause some levels of distraction, while attempting to retreat to the nearest cover. Do note that your machine gun does have a relatively impressive penetration of 31 mm at close range, which can allow you to take out lightly armoured targets like the [[M3 Bradley]] (in the turret with some luck), [[AUBL/74]], [[Falcon]] etc., yet should still be avoided if possible due to these vehicles possessing much better close quarters capabilities and will have no problem in shredding the M113.

When moving to a shooting position, the last thing you should ever do is stop, which will make you an extremely easy target, keep driving no matter what, let your vehicle gain speed, which will make it harder for the enemy to hit you. When we look at the TOW missile itself, it is definitely not the fastest, nor the slowest, which means that you will need to make sure there is enough open space that the target is driving across, which gives more time for the missile to reach its target, and remember to lead slightly ahead. Due to the extremely good penetration, aiming basically anywhere on a target of the BR and hitting will guarantee some levels of damage, so it is generally best to aim at the centre mass of the vehicle, to deal as much damage as possible. If the first missile hits but does not destroy the target, do not hesitate in firing a second which will usually finish the job.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Helicopters]] eg. AH-1, UH-1, etc: helicopters are always a great threat to you. Although at the start of the match they cannot equip ATGMs, they are still able to carry lots of deadly rockets, posing a great threat to the M113's weak hull. When an enemy helicopter is roaming nearby and showering the ground with rockets, the safest option is to stay in cover or be stationary, to make it harder for the helicopter to see you. Your only effective defensive weapon against them is the 12.7 mm MG (unless you are very skilled and can manually guide the ATGM to hit them). Only open fire when the helicopter is extremely near, for example within 400 m. Your MG can only damage light helicopters like the UH-1 but not armoured ones. Continuously spray bullets at it until it starts to turn towards you, and quickly retreat back into cover as any helicopter can easily destroy you with a few rockets.
* [[M60A1 RISE (P)]], [[M60A3 TTS]]: these tanks are covered with ERA which are pretty much designed to counter chemical warheads like your TOW missiles. When the M113's TOW missile hits them, their ERA always detonate, leaving the tanks themselves unharmed, so it is not recommended to shoot them when their ERA are still present. If they are quite far away, you can choose to break their gun barrels or tracks to make them defenceless or immobile. If they are close enough, you can use your 12.7 mm MG to destroy their ERA first. Do not spray, fire in quick bursts and focus on a few ERA, as the bullets seem to spread out a lot in a continuous fire which will decrease the damage to the ERA you want to destroy. The MG is rather effective at destroying these modules. Once those ERA are gone use the TOW to hit the uncovered areas. The most straightforward method is to just fire a missile at them, destroying a bunch of ERA and fire another one at the uncovered area. However this method will give them more than 10 seconds of reaction time so make sure that you are well concealed and will not get spotted before the next missile.
* [[M901]]: this is a similar vehicle based on the M113 hull, with an interesting and unique TOW launcher. The launcher has 360 degrees horizontal rotation and 30 degrees gun depression meaning it adapts terrains better than the M113A1 (TOW). Furthermore, its gunner is not exposed which increases its fighting capacity, so you must deal with the M901 carefully. In a battle, your M113A1 (TOW) and the M901 might be at similar spots which is kind of a sniper vs sniper scenario. Do not get hit by it, as your gunner/launcher will detonate its missile and the shrapnel will splash down, knocking out all the crew or causing a hull break. Try to fire first or hide until his attention shifts.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Amazing 20 degrees depression adapts all rough terrains with ease
* Adequate mobility (64 km/h top speed) allows it to get to positions in time, not much slower than common MBTs like the [[T-54 (1947)|T-54]], [[M48A1]], etc
* Stock ATGM penetrates up to 430 mm and can score kills at a very long range, up to 3 km
* Researchable I-TOW ATGM improves penetration to 630 mm, and range to 3.75 km
* Heavy MG can take out lightly armoured vehicles and low-flying planes/helicopters
* A extended gunner and launcher allows the vehicle to fire with its whole hull in cover

'''Cons:'''

* Fully exposed gunner is very vulnerable to everything
* Weak armour protection reduces survivability, especially against rapid-firing SPAAs like the [[Gepard]], [[M163]], [[Chieftain Marksman]], etc
* While not so slow, it can still get outrun by lots of opponents like the [[Leopard I]]s, [[Centauro]]s, etc
* Is a big and soft target for ground pounders, even for WW2 planes
* Cannot fire ATGM on the move, which can be fatal in a close quarter sudden encounter
* Not so fast in a turn
* Gun depression is very limited above the MG

== History ==


The ROC armed forces have purchased 634 M113A1 APCs from the United States since 1964 and distributed them to mechanized infantry divisions and infantry battalions of armoured brigades. In 1979, arsenals of the Army Joint Logistics Command began to imitate the CM21 armoured vehicle based on the M113A1, and produced more than 1,000 CM21 APC and its variants.

In order to strengthen the combat effectiveness of the composite armoured brigade, the ROC Army purchased a number of M113A1 TOW ATGM carriers from the United States in 1977. These vehicles were mainly equipped by units of Army and Marine Corps. The M113A1 TOW ATGM carriers adopt the Israeli-designed RAMTA telescopic missile launchers and the American TOW-I missiles. They were the main mobile anti-tank forces of the combat units at that time. After the implementation of the reorganization program of armed forces codenamed "Lean" in 1998, all of the Army's TOW ATGM carriers were concentrated to the divisional level to use them intensively.

At present, the M113A1 TOW ATGM carriers of the ROC Army have been replaced by the M1045A2 Hummer missile carriers. As of 2019, only a small number of M113A1 missile carriers were still in service in the Marine Corps.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=tank_destroyer&vehicle=cn_m113a1_tow Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|SJoW-2_6J6o|'''Amphibious tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:11 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|4_cJ1CpEatw|'''Best gun depression''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:43 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China tank destroyers}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

File:Ammoracks M113A1 (TOW).png

2021-03-20T13:07:17Z

U33751742: Category:Garage images

[[Category:Garage images]]

User:U33751742

2021-03-14T09:26:09Z

U33751742:

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Aziie - (阿自)}}
{{Userbox/Windows}}
{{Userbox/Steam
| nickname = Azi
| link = http://steamcommunity.com/id/CNUAZ12
}}

{{Userbox/Favorite vehicle|ki_84_ko_china}}
{{Userbox/Favorite vehicle|jp_type_74_mod_g_kai}}

Welcome to my profile!
{{break}}{{break}}


==List of Premium & Event vehicles==
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T55E1

2021-02-25T15:25:26Z

U33751742: /* Armaments */

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_t55e1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} American tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Hot Tracks"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season II, "Steel Centurion"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The armour on the T55 is next to none, even a random burst from a machine gun can easily kill you or critically wound your crew. However, as this vehicle cannot be hull broken and fuzed shells tend not to detonate inside your tank, your most dangerous enemies are vehicles equipped with heavy machine guns or autocannons. The ammo rack is your biggest weak spot, however if you only load 10 or 12 shells, your side racks are empty and your centre rack is mostly empty. Any plane is a danger and you should seek cover and hide from them.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The T55 can move at around 80 km/h (50 mph) forward and backwards. It drives more like a car than it does a tank and has a hard time to flip. Your wheels can also allow you to climb to vantage points before anyone else.

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|M7 (76 mm)}}
The {{PAGENAME}} uses the [[M7 (76 mm)|76 mm M7]] as its main and only armament. The [[M7 (76 mm)|76 mm M7]] cannon is a high velocity anti tank gun, and can punch through the armour of most tanks all the way up to 6.7. The M62 APCBC shell has enough explosive filler to take down most tanks in one well aimed shot. Such canon may be familiar to players as it is the same armament present on the [[M10 GMC]] as well as the [[M6A1]] as well as being similar to the later Shermans' 76mm canon. The vehicle however posses a noticeable better reload than all the aforementioned vehicles due to having 2 loaders. That said, unlike the previous vehicles, the {{PAGENAME}} not only lacks a turret but also posses a very limited horizontal guidance.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M7 (76 mm)|76 mm M7]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±9° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 7.0 || 9.7 || 11.8 || 13.1 || 14.0 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.8 || 5.6 || 6.8 || 7.5 || 8.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The {{PAGENAME}} is able to use 3 different types of ammunitions: APCBC-HE, HE and AP.
*'''M62 Shell''' - The M62 Shell is the standard shell the {{PAGENAME}} uses. It is the highest penetrating shell available as well as having explosive filler. As such, it is recommended to use the shell for most opponents, specially armored ones, but also for flanking as the explosive fillers can prove deadly when used against enemies side armour. As such, it is recommended to bring a considerable amount of APCBC shells.
*'''M42A1 Shell''' - The M42A1 Shell is the HE shell the {{PAGENAME}} has access to. While such shell can be overlooked on similarly armed vehicles, the lack of a machine gun on the {{PAGENAME}} can lead to difficulties dealing with targets with exposed crew such as a number of SPAAs. As such, it is recommended to bring a low amount of HE shells in order to counter the aforementioned threat.
*'''M79 Shot''' - The M79 Shot is an AP shell that, while it lacks the penetration of the M62 Shell or the damage of the M42A1 Shell, still has some uses in the {{PAGENAME}}. As previously mentioned, the lack of machine guns in the vehicle can lead to issues against unarmored targets. Furthermore, due to the HE having lower penetration than the M62 Shell's fuse sensitivity, some opponents may be harder to hit with the previously mentioned shells. In such scenarios it is recommended to use the M79 Shot, being able to damage lightly armored opponents. Due to the AP nature of the shell, as well as the lack of HE filler, it is also recommended to shoot at the front or rear of the opponent's vehicle to ensure the maximum amount of damage. As such, like the M42A1 Shell, it is recommended to bring a low amount of AP shells.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M62 shell || APCBC || 149 || 146 || 133 || 119 || 106 || 95
|-
| M42A1 shell || HE || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7 || 7
|-
| M79 shot || AP || 134 || 132 || 121 || 109 || 99 || 89
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M62 shell || APCBC || 792 || 7 || 1.2 || 14 || 63.7 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| M42A1 shell || HE || 800 || 5.84 || 0 || 0.1 || 390 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M79 shot || AP || 792 || 6.8 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


You should use the T55 as a flanking tank or sniper at the beginning of the match. Your speed outclasses other vehicles and you can use it to get to a flanking position or a sniping point. Then use your gun's excellent angles to aim at a place where you can see the enemy's side. Try not to get hit by anything as the first thing most tankers will do is to spray the treeline with MG fire, the MGs the enemy has are dangerous and you should run away from them. Once the enemy is pushed back, you can emerge from your position and use your superior speed to get to the enemy and ambush it in an unexpected spot.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 76 mm cannon
* Very high forward and reverse speed
* Great offroad capabilities

'''Cons:'''

* No armour (even MGs can kill you)
* No turret for the tank and cannot turn in place
* Taking damage to one wheel can severely hamper performance
* Doesn't turn very well

== History ==

{{Notice
|The T55 and T55E1 GMCs were given the nickname "Cook Interceptor" due to them being designed by the Cook Brothers.}}The Cook Brothers Equipment Company designed an experimental 8x8 wheeled desert vehicle which a prototype of was completed by 1942, according to photographic evidence. The vehicle used a chain drive, and the wheels were set up in two 4x4 bogies, each with it's own engine. The desert vehicle was used as the basis of a wheeled tank destroyer after they received a contract from the US Army in August 1942. One prototype was built by the Allied Machinery Manufacturing Company and was called the T55 GMC (GMC standing for Gun Motor Carriage). The T55 had the front engine moved to the rear of the hull in order to fit the main armament, a 3 inch or 76.2 mm M7 gun, at the front of the hull. After initial testing of the T55 GMC in December 1942, the Cook Brothers were requested by the Army to design an improved version.

The redesigned version of the T55 GMC was named the T55E1 GMC and it was basically a simplified version of the T55; both the T55 and T55E1 gained the unofficial nickname of "Cook Interceptor", signifying their designers. The largest visual difference was a much lower profile. The T55E1 GMC retained the 76.2 mm M7 gun from the T55 GMC, which was mounted in the front of the hull; it was casemate mounted rather than turret mounted. The T55E1 was lighter than the T55 it was based on, and as such it had a significantly improved driving performance. Powered by two Cadillac engines at the rear, the maximum speed of the T55E1 was 80 kilometers per hour or 50 miles per hour.

The single T55E1 GMC prototype was completed in early 1943 and underwent testing at the desert proving grounds of Fort Irwin in California. In the same year the Army decided that all self-propelled gun designs would be based on tracked tank chasses rather than on wheeled chasses. As such the T55E1 GMC project was dropped and it never entered production.

=== [[wt:en/news/7057-development-battle-pass-vehicles-t55e1-wheeled-tank-destroyer-en|Devblog]] ===
The American T55E1 wheeled tank destroyer was created on the chassis of an experimental all-terrain 8x8 vehicle. The Cook Brothers company received an order for the development of the project in August 1942, and in the fall, the first prototype, named the T55, was ready at the Allied Machinery Manufacturing facility. After the first tests, the military suggested that the designers modify the vehicle, since some issues appeared during the tests. So, at the beginning of 1943, the T55E1 appeared - a more densely assembled and improved version of a promising self-propelled gun.

The T55E1 role in combat was assumed as fire support of advancing infantry, while being able to operate on any type of surface. The T55E1 had no turret, and the massive 76 mm M7 gun was located on the front of the vehicle. This arrangement required the shifting of the power plant of two 110-horsepower engines to the vehicle’s rear. At the same time, the SPG received a low profile, sufficient traverse angles and excellent elevation angles. The upgraded T55E1, due to improved driving characteristics and a decrease in total weight, showed a speed of just over 50 mph (80 kph) in tests and good results in overcoming obstacles. At the same time in 1943, a special commission recommended that the army completely abandon the use of armored wheeled vehicles in favor of tracked platforms, and the Cook Brothers project was closed. But we are sure that this curious tank destroyer will definitely find a place in War Thunder!

== Media ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="175">
File:T55E1 GMC WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:T55E1 GMC WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:T55E1 GMC WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USA tank destroyers}}
{{USA premium ground vehicles}}

WZ305

2021-02-16T19:42:19Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ added ammo racks

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_wz_305
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

The Chinese counterpart to the infamous [[ZSU-57-2]], the WZ305 will feel very familiar to veteran users of the "Sparka". While outwardly similar, there are some differences. The hull is developed from a later [[Type 69]] variant, as opposed to the ZSU's chassis derived from the T-54. Cosmetic differences include fender-mounted headlights, side skirts, and the retention of all five road wheels. The WZ305's hull is better armoured, though this adds about 3 tons to its weight, and has a slightly more powerful engine. Firepower wise it enjoys a new DKY-1 airburst HE shell that makes it much easier to use against aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


Compared to the ZSU-57-2, the upper glacis is significantly thicker at 45 mm of RHA compared to the original 13.5 mm. The side armour is 20 mm (+5 mm difference) and the rear armour is 30 mm (+20 mm difference). The turret is slightly thinner than the original but the difference is negligible.

The armour of the WZ305 is still very poor. While the upper glacis is now about as strong as a T-34, this level of protection does not amount to much at its rank. The paper-thin turret means that enemies with heavy machine guns or autocannons can mow down the turret crew and potentially knock out the tank with a single burst. The tank is also susceptible to hull break and impacts from nearby artillery shells.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=824|rbMinHp=513}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is about the same as the [[ZSU-57-2]], with a hp/ton ratio of 19, a top speed of 50 km/h, and a reverse speed of -7 km/h. While not lightning fast, it is considerably more mobile than contemporary Chinese MBTs like the [[Type 59]] and should have few issues keeping up with teammates. Flanking should be done with caution since proper light tanks and some MBTs are more mobile, especially on-road, and may appear suddenly.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|WA318 (57 mm)}}

Although this is an AA vehicle, its twin 57 mm cannons are still equally deadly against ground units. When stock, their accuracy isn't good so the shells fly all over the place as the distance increases, and the stock belt is made up of half APCBC, half HE, meaning it is not the most efficient belt when dealing with either planes or tanks. Therefore the best tactic for a fully stock WZ305 is to shoot the enemies' side up close or to target low-flying helicopters. The full APCBC belt should be the priority to research with the HE-VT behind it.

When the BR-281 belt (full APCBC) is available, the player can go into full anti-tank mode as this shell packs quite a punch, and it can penetrate pretty much any tank's side armour (excluding the Maus) and some tanks' frontal armour. In a flank the WZ305 can finish off a group of opponents with an unbelievable speed. Two shells will slice through their side armour and explode with a single click of the mouse, so theoretically one clip is enough to wipe out four tanks in a row (aiming at the crew compartment only, of course). A few seconds later, another clip will be loaded, ready to hunt more prey.

The APCBC shell also performs alright in the AA role, since its calibre is quite large for planes, and a direct hit usually critically damages the plane, if not destroying it instantly. However, it is best to use the deadly HE-VT belt for anti-air duties. Killing planes will be much easier since now you don't have to hit right on target (which requires lots of careful leading and adjusting). Those near-misses will all deal quite a bit of damage, thanks to the 450 g TNT, over 1,000 m/s of velocity and the 15 m trigger radius.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[WA318 (57 mm)|57 mm WA318]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 300 (4) || rowspan="2" | 120 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 31.7 ||43.9||53.3||58.9||62.7|| rowspan="2" | 2.60 || rowspan="2" |2.30|| rowspan="2" |2.12|| rowspan="2" |2.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 21.4 ||25.2||30.6||33.8||36.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HE*|High-explosive fragmentation (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - 50% of this belt are useless against tanks or planes. However, against other SPAA this belt can reliably take out crew, armament, ammo and engine. Having one belt in reserve does not hurt.
* '''BR-281:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}} - Intermediate usage until the better BR-281U rounds can be used. Decent enough versus light to medium tanks from the sides and rear.
* '''OR-281U:''' {{Annotation|HE*|High-explosive fragmentation (self-destroying)}} - Versus planes. One or two hits usually gets the job done. Heavy armoured attackers and bombers may require more thought.
* '''BR-281U:''' {{Annotation|APCBC|Armour-piercing capped ballistic capped}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HE*|High-explosive fragmentation (self-destroying)}} - Versus tanks. At this rank, the round is useful against moderately armoured tanks even from the front.
* '''DKY-1:''' {{Annotation|HE-VT*|High-explosive variable time fuze (self-destroying)}} - Versus planes. Huge explosive mass will blow most aircraft out of the sky, 15 m trigger radius means that one can be much more lenient with aiming.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 151 || 147 || 132 || 114 || 100 || 87
|-
| BR-281 || 151 || 147 || 132 || 114 || 100 || 87
|-
| OR-281U || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5 || 5
|-
| BR-281U || 151 || 147 || 132 || 114 || 100 || 87
|-
| DKY-1 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Belt details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| BR-281 || APCBC || 1,000 || 2.8 || 1.2 || 9 || 20.02 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| OR-281U || HE* || 1,000 || 2.8 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 153 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| DKY-1 || HE-VT* || 1,012 || 2.8 || 0 || 0.1 || 446.6 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
|-
| '''76''' || 76 ''(+0)'' || 74 ''(+2)'' || 60 ''(+16)'' || 58 ''(+18)'' || 54 ''(+22)'' || 52 ''(+24)''|| 42 ''(+34)'' || 32 ''(+44)''
|-
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! 15th rack empty
! 16th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| 30 ''(+46)'' || 30 ''(+46)'' || 28 ''(+48)'' || 18 ''(+58)'' || 18 ''(+58)'' || 9 ''(+67)'' || 1 ''(+75)'' || 1 ''(+75)'' || No
|-
|}

Notes:
* A belt is made of 4 shells.
* The belts can only be picked in multiples of 2 and they also deplete in multiples of 2. Each gun using 1 belt each time.
* Because the UI only allows to pick belts in multiples of 2, the UI may indicate the {{PAGENAME}} carries 76 belts, however in reality it only carries 75 belts. This is made more apparent once the player is in battle, where the UI will indicate a slot '''8/72''' and another slot with '''4/0'''.
* Ammo racks 1 to 11 are stored in the turret.
* Ammo racks 12 to 16 are stored in the hull.
* It is advised to bring 18 ''(+58)'' ammo in order to reduce the chances of ammo rack upon being shot in the turret.

== Usage in battles ==


Like its Soviet cousin, the WZ305 is capable of slaughtering lightly armoured vehicles, but using it in an anti-ground role is risky due to its lacklustre defence. It is a good idea to play carefully and not expose oneself unnecessarily.

'''AAA''' 
As an SPAA this should be the first course of action. Find a safe location from enemy ground vehicles, lie in wait and open fire on any enemies when they are in range. The powerful 57 mm cannons will tear apart any aircraft from the sky in 1-5 direct hits. If the fused HE shells are unlocked, this is even easier; the proximity fuse will make it much easier to land hits in general and manoeuvring targets will have a harder time dodging your fire. The big downside is that the gunner crew are exposed to strafing aircraft and can easily be taken out by aircraft machine gun/cannon fire, so it is important to first prioritize aircraft which appear to be gunning for the WZ305.

Although tank realistic seems to be more popular, arcade still works great in the case of WZ305, since there are lead indicators for all aircraft which makes killing them even more easier, given that the player has the HE-VT belt. In an arcade battle, fill all the ammo racks up with the VT belt but also prepare around 10 full AP belts to defend against tanks. At the start of the match, find a place that is not too far away from the frontline (planes usually go for the crowded frontline) but also not too close to it (easier to get shot by tanks), so the player can fully concentrate on planes and not worrying about tanks. The place should have a hard cover that is wide and tall enough to hide from strafing aircraft. Then just wait til the enemy begins to spawn in planes. For fighters, wait until they are 2 km or closer. For slow / un-maneuverble bombers (eg. Tu-14, IL-28) open fire at around 3 km. If the lead indicator doesn't show up, fire 1-2 shells to its general direction and it should appear. Now just pour those VT shells towards that grey circle and there is a great chance to destroy a plane with 1-2 belts. Even if the plane isn't dead, the excellent VT shells will at least score hits / critical hits, and since planes in arcade always ram into the ground themselves, the kill will eventually be yours. Be careful when dealing with Me-262, Me-163 and the Migs, as they have large caliber nose-mounted cannons which tend to kill the gunner / loader in the open turret easily. If the plane wants to strafe you, move sideways to make yourself harder to aim at, or quickly go back to cover.

'''Tank Destroyer''' 
Using the 57 mm cannons on a ground attack role is possible and have been exploited by many players. Using BR-281U ammo, the guns can effectively pierce the side and rear of any tank (excluding the Maus). Remember the WZ305's armour does not compare to other tanks armour so one shot could be the end of the SPAA. Play cat-and-mouse and wait for the enemy to go into an engagement with another target and then jump out into the open and fire upon them while they are distracted. It is recommended to the first aim for their rear to disable their engine and cause a fire, they will have to stop what they are doing and put it out. During this time they won't be able to move or fire upon the WZ305, allowing a chance to finish off the crewmen inside by unloading the 57 mm cannons into the side of the enemy tank.

Wheeled light tanks are quite common at the WZ305's rank and are easy prey for the twin cannons. The WZ305's thin armour is not much of a liability against subcalibre rounds, so it may be prudent to hunt these kinds of targets down if they are in the area. Lightly armoured MBTs like the ubiquitous [[Leopard I]] can be dispatched similarly. Be wary of targets with heavier armour like the [[M48A1|M48 Patton]] that cannot be penetrated from the front. You will need to flank them instead. Enemy SPAAs like the [[Gepard]] will also have no problem shredding the turret crew, though most of these vehicles are also very lightly armoured; try to ambush them and shoot first.

Watch out for incoming HEAT-FS rounds, as they are common and will often cause hull breaks.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent firepower for a SPAA, capable of hunting tanks
* Decent mobility
* Good gun handling
* HE-VT rounds are excellent against air targets
* Successful hits on air targets with any round are very lethal
* Better hull armour than the ZSU-57-2

'''Cons:'''

* Inadequate protection and survivability
* Large target
* HE-VT rounds are a Tier IV modification
* Vulnerable to hull break
* Difficult to use in anti-air role when stock
* Can be confused for the ZSU-57-2 when hull-down or at a distance

== History ==


In the 1980s, Iraq requested that China make a copy of the ZSU-57-2 and provided a few examples of the Soviet SPAAG for reverse engineering. China had not previously imported or used the ZSU-57-2. However, a local copy of the ZSU's gun was available. The result of the project was the Type 80 SPAAG, sometimes known by its industrial designation of '''WZ305'''. Designed on the chassis of the Type 69-II medium tank, the Type 80 was very similar to the ZSU-57-2, featuring twin 57 mm cannons in an open topped turret with no fire control systems, limiting it to clear weather anti-aircraft use. A proximity-fused round was later developed that improved its utility.

According to some sources, the Type 80 was adopted by the PLA in small numbers, while others claim that it was not accepted into Chinese service at all. It was used in Iraqi service in the Iran-Iraq War and Gulf War, and may have been exported to North Korea.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=cn_wz_305 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ZR4C7q4NZIU|'''{{PAGENAME}} - SPAA Goes Full Anti Tank Mode''' - ''Napalmratte''|t4CO6g-B0-8|'''Twin 57mm cannons proximity fuse shells''' - ''PhlyDaily''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[ZSU-57-2]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China anti-aircraft vehicles}}

File:Ammoracks WZ305.png

2021-02-16T19:42:02Z

U33751742: Category:Ammo racks

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

CM25

2021-02-16T19:12:03Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_cm_25
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Raining Fire"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The vehicle profile is a basic rectangle with a slightly sloped front which increases protection from machine gun fire. Front has a hatch, which works as HESH screen. The main areas of the vehicle to target when attacking is the missile launcher and machine gun to disable its attack capability, or a main vehicle shot to disable it completely.

The CM25 is meant to be a stand-off vehicle due to its role on the battlefield, and is not built to be on the front line. Even with the add-on armour comparing to the previous [[M113A1 (TOW) (China)|M113A1]], the aluminium alloy armour will not stand up to much and will barely stop 12.7 mm machine gun fire when angled or far away. Anything of higher calibre is almost guaranteed to penetrate.

Try to hide as best as you can, or not only the gunner will suffer consequences, but the entirety of the crew as well.

The gunner is exposed outside of the vehicle when directing the launcher and can be hit. Be aware, as the launcher's base, and sometimes even the rangefinder located next to the launcher, can trigger APHE fuse and cause it to explode in front of gunner's face, the shrapnel then flying back and shredding the virtually nonexistent roof armour, taking out everyone in the middle of the vehicle. Also, since the gunner stands within the opened roof hatch, if a chemical warhead hits the rangefinder, then payload can enter vehicle through it and take out loader as well.

Since the vehicle's armour is very thin, it sometimes does not detonate shells so armour-piercing shells cause less than fatal damage. However, only '''very''' high calibre shells with fuses of about 20-22 mm won't detonate, which are very rare at the battle rating, as almost everyone use 15 mm fuses at this point. The main key here is to avoid being hit at all, as if your tank is angled during attack, the fuses would detonate anyway. The aforementioned shield on front can stop HESH from doing any damage at all, but it's not very reliable.

All in all, it's best to just get out of the way of other tanks and sneak around; this is a vehicle of strategy, not brute force.


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=305|rbMinHp=190}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|BGM-71 TOW}}

The placement of weapon is high enough to fire over cover, however, advantages also at times spawn disadvantages and in this case, with the vehicle gunner standing tall outside of the vehicle, he has no protection and can easily be hit, despite the rest of vehicle being concealed.

The launcher has a rather limited arc of fire - 45 degrees in either direction, which isn't compensated by missile's characteristics like in case of [[Swingfire]] or armour like in case of [[IT-1]]. If you want to fire over cover, the best bet is to stay far away from the enemy and cover, or right in front of the cover, however, this still probably won't protect the gunner. The gun depression, at 20 degrees, excels almost every other tank and allows the player to use many surprising positions to attack. Note that the depression is far less when the launch tube is positioned above the machine gun.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BGM-71 TOW]] ATGM || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 10 || rowspan="2" | -20°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±45° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||15.9||21.9||26.6||29.5||31.3|| rowspan="2" |13.00|| rowspan="2" |11.50|| rowspan="2" |10.60|| rowspan="2" |10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
|10.7||12.6||15.3||16.9||18.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| I-TOW || ATGM || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630
|-
| TOW-2B || ATGM || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| I-TOW || ATGM || 296 || 3,750 || 19 || 0 || 0.01 || 2,080 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| TOW-2B || ATGM || 309 || 3,750 || 22.6 || 0 || 0.01 || 4,100 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Last updated: 2.3.0.101'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''10''' || 9 ''(+1)'' || 8 ''(+2)'' || 7 ''(+3)'' || 6 ''(+4)'' || 5 ''(+5)'' || 4 ''(+6)'' || 3 ''(+7)'' || 2 ''(+8)'' || 1 ''(+9)'' || 0 ''(+10)'' || No
|-
|}

Notes:
* The CM25 is only required to have at least 2 missiles to go into battle, unlike the standard 4 ammunition for other vehicles.
* The vehicle has no ready-rack.
* It is advised to bring full ammo due to how little ammo the CM25 can carry.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

The single 12.7 mm machine gun can be effective when fighting against open-topped or lightly armoured vehicles (eg [[AUBL/74]], [[Gepard]]) or to cause some confusion/distraction to the enemy vehicles as the CM25 reloads.

At this battle rating, this vehicle is limited to keeping helicopters from getting too comfy, since they too have thin to no armour, other aircraft should be left to the designated anti-air vehicles. As a last resort, the ATGM can be used.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The best way one should use this vehicle would be to stay away from the active combat areas, hide, and use the exposed gunner and TOW launcher to your advantage. The exposed launcher allows the vehicle to hide behind solid cover while still being able to fire from over it, giving the enemy a much harder time in spotting and shooting you. Staying away from the combat zones maximises your survivability, in addition to taking advantage of the TOW missiles' extremely long range, allowing you to pick off targets from beyond the range of conventional rounds.

It is also worth noting the -20 degrees launcher depression as, even though it may not be as impressive as the -30 degrees launcher depression of the [[M901]], it is still very capable in adapting to uneven terrain and firing from behind hills. However, note that the depression angles are severely limited when the launcher is facing the pintle-mounted machine gun, to roughly only -3 degrees. Therefore, you should try to always have the front of the hull facing the direction of the battlefield, to avoid the launcher suddenly jerking up when the machine gun gets into the way, which will also guide the missile upwards (if launched), and therefore miss the target. Horizontal guidance is also limited, and the launcher will stop rotating at ±45 degrees. The best way to counter this drawback will be to play it like other turret-less tank destroyers, like the [[ISU-122 (China)|ISU-122]] and the [[ISU-152 (China)|ISU-152]], which must rotate the hull to assist with aiming at extreme angles.

Even though the CM25 is mounted with a heavy machine gun, attempting to combat helicopters and planes is not recommended unless the situation is desperate, as doing so will only grab unwanted attention from both the air and ground. Aircraft at this rank are often equipped with HE rockets, only one of which is necessary to destroy your vehicle thanks to the hull-break mechanic, and if not, the vast majority of aircraft-mounted guns will be able to penetrate from any angle.

If you find yourself in a close quarters situation, the best method of survival will be to use the machine gun to cause some levels of distraction, while attempting to retreat to the nearest cover. Do note that your machine gun does have a relatively impressive penetration of 31 mm at close range, which can allow you to take out lightly armoured targets like the [[M3 Bradley]] (in the turret with some luck), [[AUBL/74]], [[Falcon]] etc., yet should still be avoided if possible due to these vehicles possessing much better close quarters capabilities and will have no problem in shredding the CM25.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Helicopters]] eg. AH-1, UH-1, etc: helicopters are always a great threat to you. Although at the start of the match they cannot equip ATGMs, they are still able to carry lots of deadly rockets, posing a great threat to the CM25's weak hull. When an enemy helicopter is roaming nearby and showering the ground with rockets, the safest option is to stay in cover or be stationary, to make it harder for the helicopter to see you. Your only effective defensive weapon against them is the 12.7 mm MG (unless you are very skilled and can manually guide the ATGM to hit them). Only open fire when the helicopter is extremely near, for example within 400 m. Your MG can only damage light helicopters like the UH-1 but not armoured ones. Continuously spray bullets at it until it starts to turn towards you, and quickly retreat back into cover as any helicopter can easily destroy you with a few rockets.
* [[M60A1 RISE (P)]], [[M60A3 TTS]]: these tanks are covered with ERA which are pretty much designed to counter chemical warheads like your TOW missiles. When the CM25's TOW missile hits them, their ERA always detonate, leaving the tanks themselves unharmed, so it is not recommended to shoot them when their ERA are still present. If they are quite far away, you can choose to break their gun barrels or tracks to make them defenceless or immobile. If they are close enough, you can use your 12.7 mm MG to destroy their ERA first. Do not spray, fire in quick bursts and focus on a few blocks of ERA, as the bullets seem to spread out a lot in a continuous fire which will decrease the damage to the ERA you want to destroy. The MG is rather effective at destroying these modules. Once those ERA are gone use the TOW to hit the uncovered areas. The most straightforward method is to just fire a missile at them, destroying a bunch of ERA and fire another one at the uncovered area. However this method will give them more than 10 seconds of reaction time so make sure that you are well concealed and will not get spotted before the next missile is loaded.
* [[M901]]: this is a similar vehicle based on the M113 hull, with an interesting and unique TOW launcher. The launcher has 360 degrees horizontal rotation and 30 degrees gun depression meaning it adapts terrains better than the CM25. Furthermore, its gunner is not exposed which increases its fighting capacity, so you must deal with the M901 carefully. In a battle, your CM25 and the M901 might be at similar spots which is kind of a sniper vs sniper scenario. Do not get hit by it, as your gunner/launcher will detonate its missile and the shrapnel will splash down, knocking out all the crew or causing a hull break. Try to fire first or hide until his attention shifts.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Amazing 20 degrees depression adapts all rough terrains with ease
* Adequate mobility (64 km/h top speed) allows it to get to positions in time, not much slower than common MBTs like the [[T-54 (1947)|T-54]], [[M48A1]], etc
* Default I-TOW ATGM has a great penetration of 630 mm, and range of 3.75 km
* Researchable TOW-2B gains the top attack capacity, which is a great advantage when hunting opponents behind obstacles
* Heavy MG can take out lightly armoured vehicles and low-flying planes/helicopters
* A extended gunner and launcher allows the vehicle to fire with its whole hull in cover

'''Cons:'''

* Fully exposed gunner is very vulnerable to everything
* Weak armour protection reduces survivability, especially against rapid-firing SPAAs like the [[Gepard]], [[M163]], [[Chieftain Marksman]], etc
* While not so slow, it can still get outrun by lots of opponents like the [[Leopard I|Leopard Is]], [[Centauro|Centauros]], etc
* Is a big and soft target for ground pounders, even for WW2 planes
* Cannot fire ATGM on the move, which can be fatal in a close quarter sudden encounter
* Not so fast in a turn
* Gun depression is very limited above the MG

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/6843-development-cm25-armor-reaper-en|Devblog]] ===
Since the 1960’s, the armed forces in Taiwan have operated with a large fleet of American-made M113 APCs spanning several variants. Thoroughly pleased with the vehicle’s performance and reliability, Taiwan decided to develop its own APC, inspired by the proven M113’s design.

In 1979, the first prototype of what would become the CM21 series of APCs was built and subsequently underwent testing. Once some improvements were made, the CM21 series went into mass production and officially entered service in 1982. By the time the production ceased in 1999, some 1,200 units of the CM21 series of APCs were built.

In 1987, the basic CM21 design was modified to allow the vehicle to conduct anti-tank duties, similar to the M113A1 TOW already in service at the time. In a similar manner as the M113, the vehicle was fitted with a single TOW launcher and received the new designation CM25.

By 2019, all M113A1 APCs among the ranks of the Taiwanese armed forces were replaced by newer vehicles. However, the CM21 series of APCs, including the CM25, continue serving in the present.

== Media ==
<gallery mode="packed" caption="CM25 Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:CM25 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:CM25 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:CM25 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:CM25 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6843-development-cm25-armor-reaper-en|[Devblog] CM25: Armor Reaper]]

{{China tank destroyers}}

ZTZ96

2021-02-16T18:33:38Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ added ammo racks

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_ztz_96
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (sometimes referred to as '''Type 96''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

The first Chinese MBT in the game not directly based on or modified from a foreign design, the ZTZ96 has a more distinctive appearance and introduces several features not seen in previous Chinese medium tanks. The general layout is reminiscent of the [[T-72A|Soviet T-72]], but upon inspection, major differences are apparent in the design of the turret and hull. The welded turret is flat and angular compared to the dome shape traditionally favoured by the Soviet Union and China. The hull is a departure from the traditional T-54 chassis, featuring smaller roadwheels, different angles, and larger overall dimensions. Composite armour is present in the turret cheeks and on the upper glacis.

Like the T-72, the ZTZ96 features a 125 mm smoothbore cannon with an autoloader. Its shell selection is somewhat limited but the APFSDS and HE shells are excellent and can handle most ground targets. The protection and mobility are average at best, but those familiar with previous Chinese tanks will be used to these faults. ZTZ96 users can enjoy the great firepower and look forward to the succeeding [[ZTZ96A]], a modernized and much-improved variant with thermal sights and ERA protection.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The ZTZ96's armour is a significant improvement over previous Chinese tanks like the [[CM11]] and [[ZTZ59D1]] but is not very competitive for its rank. It has a significant amount of chemical protection in the turret cheeks (~520-530 mm) and upper glacis (~460-480 mm). The turret can resist most HEAT-FS rounds fired by enemy tanks but the hull might be penetrated on occasion by 120 mm HEAT-FS as used by the [[Leopard 2K]] and [[Leopard A1A1 (L/44)]] for example. Contemporary ATGMs will usually go right through.

Kinetic protection is decent but not spectacular, at about 390 mm for the turret cheeks and 360 mm for the hull depending on what round is used for testing. This is enough to stop early APFSDS rounds like the 105 mm DM23 fired by the [[Leopard A1A1]], but many enemies at its rank can punch through it with their top rounds like 105 mm DM33/Type 93. Due to having a battle rating of 9.3, the ZTZ96 has some measure of isolation against top-tier guns. Contemporary US tanks like the [[MBT-70]] or [[XM-1 (GM)]] will struggle to penetrate its composite armour and surprisingly even the British Challenger 1 series will have some difficulties. Overall, though the ZTZ96 has similarities to the [[T-72A]], its armour protection is worse. The turret is weaker and the hull is comparable if the T-72's add-on armour upgrade is accounted for, slightly better otherwise.

As with other modern MBTs, the gun mantlet is highly susceptible to incoming fire, which can knock out the breech or hurt the crew. The lower glacis is also a weak point and should be hidden from enemy view when possible. However, due to the design of the upper glacis (which more closely resembles the T-54), there is no driver's viewport weak spot that plagues the contemporary T-64/72/80 tanks. This might surprise enemies with weaker rounds who shoot that area out of habit.

The post-penetration survivability leaves much to be desired. The autoloader uses the same layout as the T-72A; a penetrating shot to the lower glacis or hull side has a high likelihood of detonating the ammunition and instantly destroying the tank. Granted, this is slightly less likely to happen than in the T-64/80 since the propellant charges are stacked horizontally instead of vertically. In addition, with 3 only crew members, it is easier to knock out the tank with a good shot, particularly since the driver and gunner are lined up when the turret is facing forwards.

While hull penetrations tend to be fatal, this is not necessarily the case for turret penetrations. It is possible to empty the turret of spare ammunition by taking fewer rounds (22 + 1 for a full autoloader carousel and one in the gun). If an enemy shoots a turret cheek, usually only one crew member will perish, giving the player time to retreat if the gunner is lost or retaliate if only the commander is lost. The autoloader will ensure that the gun is loaded during this time.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,131|rbMinHp=646}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is generally unimpressive, though still an improvement over preceding Chinese MBTs. It has 17.8 hp/ton when fully upgraded, which is about the same as the [[T-64B]] and less than the [[Challenger Mk.2]]; these two tanks are already considered quite immobile for their rank. The reverse speed of -7 km/h is painful but better than the agonizing 4 km/h of the Soviet T-64/72. Do not count on being able to retreat from danger rapidly. In general the {{PAGENAME}} will be among the last to arrive on the battlefield in top rank battles, and one should plan accordingly. However, the tank is still quite manoeuvrable and agile in its hull traverse, allowing it to weave through dense forests and urban areas with relative ease and react quickly to threats.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Type 88C (125 mm)}}

The ZTZ96 makes up for its drawbacks in protection and mobility with a superb gun. The 125 mm Type 88C smoothbore gun is capable of firing APFSDS, HE and HEAT-FS ammunition. For its battle rating of 9.7, the 125-I shell performs very well, offering 466 mm of flat penetration at point-blank and dropping only to 434 mm at 2 kilometres. It's angled performance is exceptionally good at 269 mm at 60 degrees, outperforming even the best Soviet APFSDS round, 3BM42 whose angled penetration is only 248 mm. For reference, the 125-I performs comparably to Western long-rod sabot rounds such as DM33. The HEAT-FS round is nothing special with a standard 480 mm of penetration that is only really effective at destroying lightly armoured vehicles such as SPAA. The HE round is of the Soviet-style, packing a whopping 5.4 kg of TNT equivalent that can deal devastating damage against Western tanks' weak spots of the hull and turret roof and turret ring. It's recommended to entirely ditch the HEAT-FS for HE as it arguably performs better in the anti-tank role, ironically.

Although the ZTZ96 uses a similar autoloader system to the T-72, its reload time of 7.5 seconds is slightly longer than the T-72's 7.1 seconds, which is already on the long side for its rank.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 88C (125 mm)|125 mm Type 88C]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+14° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane ||28.6||39.5||48.0||53.1||56.5|| rowspan="2" | 7.50 || rowspan="2" | 7.50 || rowspan="2" | 7.50 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
|17.9||21.0||25.5||28.2||30.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480 || 480
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45 || 45
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 466 || 464 || 458 || 450 || 442 || 434
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| DTP-125 || HEATFS || 905 || 18 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,190 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| DTB-125 || HE || 850 || 23 || 0 || 0.1 || 5,460 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 125-I || APFSDS || 1,730 || 4.02 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 40 ''(+0)'' 39 ''(+1)'' || 38 ''(+2)'' 38 ''(+2)'' || 37 ''(+3)'' 37 ''(+3)'' || 35 ''(+5)'' 31 ''(+9)'' || 32 ''(+8)'' 27 ''(+13)'' || 29 ''(+11)'' 23 ''(+17)'' || 24 ''(+16)'' 39 ''(+1)'' || 23 ''(+17)'' N/A || 39 ''(+1)'' N/A || No
|-
|}

Notes:
* The 9th Projectile rack and the 7th Propellant rack are a mechanized first stage ammo rack. The mechanized nature indicates the tank has a fixed reload as it uses an auto-loader to reload the main gun, as such the main gun cannot be reloaded when the ammo rack is empty.
* It takes around 25s per shell to reload the first stage ammo rack. Additionally, there is a 10s interval between the gun is fully loaded and the crew starts to reload the first stage ammo rack.



=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|QJC88A (12.7 mm)|Type 86 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QJC88A (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm QJC88A]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 500 (150) || 700 || -5°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 86 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm Type 86]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,500 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


Like preceding Chinese MBTs, the ZTZ96 is not suited for rapid assaults due to its substandard mobility and should be played conservatively. Let speedier teammates charge first into combat while you cover them and move to good overwatch positions. Situational awareness is key since faster opponents may arrive earlier and the tank lacks thermal sights. The gun handling is a bit better than contemporary Soviet MBTs but it still has a slow vertical traverse speed.

Before the APFSDS is unlocked, the only options are the stock HEAT-FS and HE. Neither of these ammo types is particularly good for sniping due to their muzzle velocities, so it is best to stay at close to medium range. The HEAT-FS will struggle against enemies with decent composite armour (of which there are many) and in frontal engagements should be fired at weak spots like gun mantlets and turret rings. The HE has a slower muzzle velocity but can potentially be much deadlier; lightly armoured vehicles like IFVs, SPAAs, and certain MBTs (e.g. [[Leopard A1A1]]) will often hull-break or explode if hit anywhere. Even the most heavily armoured opponents like the mighty [[M1A2 Abrams]] and [[Leopard 2A5]] can be instantly knocked out by hits to the gun optics or roof-mounted machine guns. If this isn't possible, hits to other sensitive areas like the turret ring and tracks can still cause major damage to various crew members and modules, priming the victim for a finishing blow.

Once the APFSDS is unlocked, it should be effective against the majority of the tanks seen at the ZTZ96's rank and is well suited for the ZTZ96's recommended laid-back playstyle. It is still a good idea to take some HE shells due to their utility and instant-knockout capability.

===Assault mode===

For players grinding the APFSDS in assault mode, it is recommended to bring full ammo, with around half HEAT and half HE. As the countdown goes at the start of the match, quickly find a spot where you will not get shot from every direction and stay there until you run out of ammo or die. The HEAT is great at one-shotting weakly armoured (relatively) cold war tanks that spawn at the early stages of the match, while the HE is capable of killing those heavily protected top tier MBT who spawn later. Given that you do not have APFSDS, therefore, lacking the ability to knock out some AI frontally, you will have to rely on assists to get scores. Firing HEAT / HE at tracks, roof-mounted MG, turret ring, cannon barrel, etc can at least immobile / disarm the AI, granting you an assist. The 7.5 second reload will be quite slow when facing a huge wave of AI so you must aim each shot carefully, but other times it is generally fast enough. The ZTZ96's armour can take quite some beating but is also prone to ammo rack explosion, or penetrating shots from the lower front plate and gun mantlet. Note that the ZTZ96 can be easily destroyed by rockets/bombs from AI planes too so it will be great to have a teammate with helicopter/SPAA covering the team.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Leopard 2A5|Leopard 2 A5]]: this is the most protected Leopard you will see in an assault, usually in Mozdok and Fulda. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HE and aim for its turret ring where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to destroy it instantly. When facing its side, load HEAT and aim for its central hull. Don't expect to block any of its shells as its APFSDS can easily go through the ZTZ96's frontal armour, or the AI can just target your weak spots.
* [[M1A2 Abrams|M1A2]]: you will see it mostly in Fulda and Ardennes. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HEAT and aim for its turret ring where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to destroy it instantly. HE might not work here since it cannot effectively hurt the turret crew. But HE works great when aiming at the M1's turret roof. Items like the MG and the optics will all detonate the HE, causing the downward shrapnel to kill all the crew. When facing its side, load HEAT and aim for its central hull.
* [[Challenger 2 (2F)|Challenger 2F]]: you will see it mostly in Sands of Sinai. It is one of the toughest AI to destroy, especially when there are waves of them. When facing it frontally or with slight angles, load HE and aim for the hull side above the tracks where the crosshair is green. It is very likely to detonate random ammo inside. When facing its side, still load HE and aim for its central hull for an ammo detonation. The Challenger 2F's sides are covered with ERA blocks thus HEAT will get absorbed.
* [[Type 16]], [[Centauro ROMOR]], [[Radkampfwagen 90|Radkamfwagen 90]]: Despite being armed with 105 mm guns, these tanks get access to DM33 rounds that can penetrate your turret cheeks within 400m. In addition, their high speed means that it is incredibly easy to get flanked by them, frequently resulting in side-shots. This is only made worse by the weakened side armour of the ZTZ 96 compared to its soviet counterparts, resulting in light autocannon easily being able to penetrate the ZTZ 96's side armour from afar.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful gun with access to high-penetrating APFSDS
* Autoloader reloads the cannon even when putting out fires or replacing crew members
* HE shell is currently the most powerful of any MBT, can cripple or outright destroy enemies with a good shot
* Low profile
* First Chinese tank equipped with composite armour, resistant to early APFSDS rounds
* Roof mounted heavy machine gun is useful against aircraft and light targets
* Relatively-faster turret rotation speed, compared to contemporary Soviet tanks

'''Cons:'''

* Mobility is below average at its rank
* Composite armour's kinetic protection leaves some to be desired
* Sub-par armour compared to other tanks
* Autoloader carousel is a giant ammo rack
* No thermal sights, a disadvantage against other thermal-equipping tanks
* Poor reverse speed
* Below average gun depression (-6°)
* Only 3 crew members makes it easily destroyed
* No ATGM capability, unlike the T-64B and T-72B

== History ==


The People's Liberation Army relied on the [[Type 59]] as its primary main battle tank for most of the Cold War. While cheap, reliable, and quite upgradeable, its design began to shows its age over the decades. The [[Type 69]] series differed little from the Type 59 in terms of appearance and was not used in quantity by the PLA. After relations with the Western world improved at the start of the 1980s, foreign technology was purchased and used to [[ZTZ59D1|upgrade the PLA's stock of existing tanks]]. However, there was only so much that could be done to bring the Type 59 up to a competitive level and more efforts were devoted to domestic tank development.

The new Type 80/88 tank retained the general appearance of the Type 59, but its chassis was heavily redesigned, featuring a new suspension, a licensed German engine, and other changes. The turret retained the cast dome design but a 105mm gun was installed.

As with other PRC tank models, development continued for a long time and a large number of variants were made. The Type 85 branch featured welded turrets; the initial Type 85-1 "Storm" was intended for export and was otherwise similar to the original series, but no orders were placed from the PLA or export customers. A more radical development was the Type 85-IIM, which featured a welded turret equipped with an autoloading 125mm gun derived from the T-72. It also featured composite armour. This variant was exported to Pakistan under the designation of Type 85-IIAP.

The Type 85-IIM was later procured for domestic use, with some changes, as the Type 88C or '''Type 96''', spurred by the poor performance of the Iraqi Army's Type 79 tanks (which featured comparable protection to the 80/88) in the Gulf War. As can be expected, this was further developed into the [[ZTZ96A|Type 96A]] and 96B variants. The 96A introduced applique "arrowhead" armour on the front turret face with provisions for ERA, improving protection significantly, and the electronics were improved to a standard approaching the top-line Type 99 tank, including a gunner's thermal sight and FCS upgrades. The 96A has participated in Tank Biathlons, where it scored well in gunnery but was let down by its underpowered engine. The ultimate 96B variant appeared in 2016 and features comprehensive all-round upgrades with a much more powerful 1130 hp engine. Finally, an export variant called the VT-2 has been showcased by Norinco, generally similar to the Type 96A.

At present the Type 96 series can be considered the backbone of the PLA's tank forces, featuring good protection and firepower with a relatively low weight and cost, comparable in role to the Russian T-90. Elite units are issued the more advanced and heavier Type 99, but cost and terrain reasons have limited its deployment. Outside of China, the Type 96 has been exported to Sudan; reportedly these tanks have destroyed several South Sudanese T-72s in combat.

===[[wt:en/news/6445-development-ztz96-top-tier-chinese-en|Devblog]]===
Work on the ZTZ96 began in the early 1990s, as new Chinese MBT with larger 125mm smoothbore cannon supported by an autoloading mechanism and new composite armour protection. The first prototype was built in May 1991 and underwent successful testing until January of the following year. Having received the official designation ZTZ85-IIAP, production of the vehicle commenced, with the Pakistani army receiving its first units shortly afterwards.

Several years later, the decision was made to adopt the ZTZ85-IIAP for domestic use as a stopgap measure to equip the PLA with a capable combat vehicle. In 1996, the vehicles destined for PLA use were formally redesignated into ZTZ96 and production of the type began in 1998.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=cn_ztz_96 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;'''Images'''
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:ZTZ-96 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:ZTZ-96 WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Ftqpt1gijlA|'''Type96 "Not so Meta"''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''|D3MA3J4FGNQ|'''ZTZ96 - A High Explosive Match!''' - ''Napalmratte''|AKxlwtWIlSI|'''The Shooting Range #173''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the ZTZ96.}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[ZTZ96A]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6445-development-ztz96-top-tier-chinese-en|[Development] ZTZ96: Top-Tier Chinese]]
* [[wikipedia:Type_96_tank|[Wikipedia] Type 96 tank]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/modern/China/Type-96.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Norinco Type 96 MBT]

{{China medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks ZTZ96.png

2021-02-16T18:26:58Z

U33751742: Category:Ammo racks

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

CM25

2021-02-16T17:30:44Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ added ammo racks

{{Specs-Card
|code=cn_cm_25
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Raining Fire"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The vehicle profile is a basic rectangle with a slightly sloped front which increases protection from machine gun fire. Front has a hatch, which works as HESH screen. The main areas of the vehicle to target when attacking is the missile launcher and machine gun to disable its attack capability, or a main vehicle shot to disable it completely.

The CM25 is meant to be a stand-off vehicle due to its role on the battlefield, and is not built to be on the front line. Even with the add-on armour comparing to the previous [[M113A1 (TOW) (China)|M113A1]], the aluminium alloy armour will not stand up to much and will barely stop 12.7 mm machine gun fire when angled or far away. Anything of higher calibre is almost guaranteed to penetrate.

Try to hide as best as you can, or not only the gunner will suffer consequences, but the entirety of the crew as well.

The gunner is exposed outside of the vehicle when directing the launcher and can be hit. Be aware, as the launcher's base, and sometimes even the rangefinder located next to the launcher, can trigger APHE fuse and cause it to explode in front of gunner's face, the shrapnel then flying back and shredding the virtually nonexistent roof armour, taking out everyone in the middle of the vehicle. Also, since the gunner stands within the opened roof hatch, if a chemical warhead hits the rangefinder, then payload can enter vehicle through it and take out loader as well.

Since the vehicle's armour is very thin, it sometimes does not detonate shells so armour-piercing shells cause less than fatal damage. However, only '''very''' high calibre shells with fuses of about 20-22 mm won't detonate, which are very rare at the battle rating, as almost everyone use 15 mm fuses at this point. The main key here is to avoid being hit at all, as if your tank is angled during attack, the fuses would detonate anyway. The aforementioned shield on front can stop HESH from doing any damage at all, but it's not very reliable.

All in all, it's best to just get out of the way of other tanks and sneak around; this is a vehicle of strategy, not brute force.


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=305|rbMinHp=190}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|BGM-71 TOW}}

The placement of weapon is high enough to fire over cover, however, advantages also at times spawn disadvantages and in this case, with the vehicle gunner standing tall outside of the vehicle, he has no protection and can easily be hit, despite the rest of vehicle being concealed.

The launcher has a rather limited arc of fire - 45 degrees in either direction, which isn't compensated by missile's characteristics like in case of [[Swingfire]] or armour like in case of [[IT-1]]. If you want to fire over cover, the best bet is to stay far away from the enemy and cover, or right in front of the cover, however, this still probably won't protect the gunner. The gun depression, at 20 degrees, excels almost every other tank and allows the player to use many surprising positions to attack. Note that the depression is far less when the launch tube is positioned above the machine gun.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BGM-71 TOW]] ATGM || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 10 || rowspan="2" | -20°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±45° || rowspan="2" | N/A ||15.9||21.9||26.6||29.5||31.3|| rowspan="2" |13.00|| rowspan="2" |11.50|| rowspan="2" |10.60|| rowspan="2" |10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
|10.7||12.6||15.3||16.9||18.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| I-TOW || ATGM || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630 || 630
|-
| TOW-2B || ATGM || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430 || 430
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Range (m)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| I-TOW || ATGM || 296 || 3,750 || 19 || 0 || 0.01 || 2,080 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| TOW-2B || ATGM || 309 || 3,750 || 22.6 || 0 || 0.01 || 4,100 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''10''' || 9 ''(+1)'' || 8 ''(+2)'' || 7 ''(+3)'' || 6 ''(+4)'' || 5 ''(+5)'' || 4 ''(+6)'' || 3 ''(+7)'' || 2 ''(+8)'' || 1 ''(+9)'' || 0 ''(+10)'' || No
|-
|}

Notes:
* The CM25 is only required to have at least 2 missiles to go into battle, unlike the standard 4 ammunition for other vehicles.
* The vehicle has no ready-rack.
* It is advised to bring full ammo due to how little ammo the CM25 can carry.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)}}

The single 12.7 mm machine gun can be effective when fighting against open-topped or lightly armoured vehicles (eg [[AUBL/74]], [[Gepard]]) or to cause some confusion/distraction to the enemy vehicles as the CM25 reloads.

At this battle rating, this vehicle is limited to keeping helicopters from getting too comfy, since they too have thin to no armour, other aircraft should be left to the designated anti-air vehicles. As a last resort, the ATGM can be used.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (200) || 577 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The best way one should use this vehicle would be to stay away from the active combat areas, hide, and use the exposed gunner and TOW launcher to your advantage. The exposed launcher allows the vehicle to hide behind solid cover while still being able to fire from over it, giving the enemy a much harder time in spotting and shooting you. Staying away from the combat zones maximises your survivability, in addition to taking advantage of the TOW missiles' extremely long range, allowing you to pick off targets from beyond the range of conventional rounds.

It is also worth noting the -20 degrees launcher depression as, even though it may not be as impressive as the -30 degrees launcher depression of the [[M901]], it is still very capable in adapting to uneven terrain and firing from behind hills. However, note that the depression angles are severely limited when the launcher is facing the pintle-mounted machine gun, to roughly only -3 degrees. Therefore, you should try to always have the front of the hull facing the direction of the battlefield, to avoid the launcher suddenly jerking up when the machine gun gets into the way, which will also guide the missile upwards (if launched), and therefore miss the target. Horizontal guidance is also limited, and the launcher will stop rotating at ±45 degrees. The best way to counter this drawback will be to play it like other turret-less tank destroyers, like the [[ISU-122 (China)|ISU-122]] and the [[ISU-152 (China)|ISU-152]], which must rotate the hull to assist with aiming at extreme angles.

Even though the CM25 is mounted with a heavy machine gun, attempting to combat helicopters and planes is not recommended unless the situation is desperate, as doing so will only grab unwanted attention from both the air and ground. Aircraft at this rank are often equipped with HE rockets, only one of which is necessary to destroy your vehicle thanks to the hull-break mechanic, and if not, the vast majority of aircraft-mounted guns will be able to penetrate from any angle.

If you find yourself in a close quarters situation, the best method of survival will be to use the machine gun to cause some levels of distraction, while attempting to retreat to the nearest cover. Do note that your machine gun does have a relatively impressive penetration of 31 mm at close range, which can allow you to take out lightly armoured targets like the [[M3 Bradley]] (in the turret with some luck), [[AUBL/74]], [[Falcon]] etc., yet should still be avoided if possible due to these vehicles possessing much better close quarters capabilities and will have no problem in shredding the CM25.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[Helicopters]] eg. AH-1, UH-1, etc: helicopters are always a great threat to you. Although at the start of the match they cannot equip ATGMs, they are still able to carry lots of deadly rockets, posing a great threat to the CM25's weak hull. When an enemy helicopter is roaming nearby and showering the ground with rockets, the safest option is to stay in cover or be stationary, to make it harder for the helicopter to see you. Your only effective defensive weapon against them is the 12.7 mm MG (unless you are very skilled and can manually guide the ATGM to hit them). Only open fire when the helicopter is extremely near, for example within 400 m. Your MG can only damage light helicopters like the UH-1 but not armoured ones. Continuously spray bullets at it until it starts to turn towards you, and quickly retreat back into cover as any helicopter can easily destroy you with a few rockets.
* [[M60A1 RISE (P)]], [[M60A3 TTS]]: these tanks are covered with ERA which are pretty much designed to counter chemical warheads like your TOW missiles. When the CM25's TOW missile hits them, their ERA always detonate, leaving the tanks themselves unharmed, so it is not recommended to shoot them when their ERA are still present. If they are quite far away, you can choose to break their gun barrels or tracks to make them defenceless or immobile. If they are close enough, you can use your 12.7 mm MG to destroy their ERA first. Do not spray, fire in quick bursts and focus on a few blocks of ERA, as the bullets seem to spread out a lot in a continuous fire which will decrease the damage to the ERA you want to destroy. The MG is rather effective at destroying these modules. Once those ERA are gone use the TOW to hit the uncovered areas. The most straightforward method is to just fire a missile at them, destroying a bunch of ERA and fire another one at the uncovered area. However this method will give them more than 10 seconds of reaction time so make sure that you are well concealed and will not get spotted before the next missile is loaded.
* [[M901]]: this is a similar vehicle based on the M113 hull, with an interesting and unique TOW launcher. The launcher has 360 degrees horizontal rotation and 30 degrees gun depression meaning it adapts terrains better than the CM25. Furthermore, its gunner is not exposed which increases its fighting capacity, so you must deal with the M901 carefully. In a battle, your CM25 and the M901 might be at similar spots which is kind of a sniper vs sniper scenario. Do not get hit by it, as your gunner/launcher will detonate its missile and the shrapnel will splash down, knocking out all the crew or causing a hull break. Try to fire first or hide until his attention shifts.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Amazing 20 degrees depression adapts all rough terrains with ease
* Adequate mobility (64 km/h top speed) allows it to get to positions in time, not much slower than common MBTs like the [[T-54 (1947)|T-54]], [[M48A1]], etc
* Default I-TOW ATGM has a great penetration of 630 mm, and range of 3.75 km
* Researchable TOW-2B gains the top attack capacity, which is a great advantage when hunting opponents behind obstacles
* Heavy MG can take out lightly armoured vehicles and low-flying planes/helicopters
* A extended gunner and launcher allows the vehicle to fire with its whole hull in cover

'''Cons:'''

* Fully exposed gunner is very vulnerable to everything
* Weak armour protection reduces survivability, especially against rapid-firing SPAAs like the [[Gepard]], [[M163]], [[Chieftain Marksman]], etc
* While not so slow, it can still get outrun by lots of opponents like the [[Leopard I|Leopard Is]], [[Centauro|Centauros]], etc
* Is a big and soft target for ground pounders, even for WW2 planes
* Cannot fire ATGM on the move, which can be fatal in a close quarter sudden encounter
* Not so fast in a turn
* Gun depression is very limited above the MG

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/6843-development-cm25-armor-reaper-en|Devblog]] ===
Since the 1960’s, the armed forces in Taiwan have operated with a large fleet of American-made M113 APCs spanning several variants. Thoroughly pleased with the vehicle’s performance and reliability, Taiwan decided to develop its own APC, inspired by the proven M113’s design.

In 1979, the first prototype of what would become the CM21 series of APCs was built and subsequently underwent testing. Once some improvements were made, the CM21 series went into mass production and officially entered service in 1982. By the time the production ceased in 1999, some 1,200 units of the CM21 series of APCs were built.

In 1987, the basic CM21 design was modified to allow the vehicle to conduct anti-tank duties, similar to the M113A1 TOW already in service at the time. In a similar manner as the M113, the vehicle was fitted with a single TOW launcher and received the new designation CM25.

By 2019, all M113A1 APCs among the ranks of the Taiwanese armed forces were replaced by newer vehicles. However, the CM21 series of APCs, including the CM25, continue serving in the present.

== Media ==
<gallery mode="packed" caption="CM25 Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:CM25 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:CM25 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:CM25 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:CM25 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6843-development-cm25-armor-reaper-en|[Devblog] CM25: Armor Reaper]]

{{China tank destroyers}}

File:Ammoracks CM25.png

2021-02-16T17:28:11Z

U33751742: Category:Ammo racks

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

GAZ-AAA (DShK)

2021-02-16T17:10:31Z

U33751742: /* Ammunition */ added belt description

{{About
|about= Soviet SPAA vehicle '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= the version equipped with 7.62 mm Maxim's
|link= GAZ-AAA (4M)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_gaz_dshk
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (a [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK gun]] mounted on a GAZ-AAA truck) is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.63 "Desert Hunters"]].

The big brother to the [[GAZ-AAA (4M)]], it presents a crude set-up of a [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]] mount to a 6x4 GAZ-AAA truck chassis. This soviet improvisation continues with the Soviet SPAA trend of attaching anti-aircraft weaponry to trucks, [[ZiS-43|half-tracks]], and [[BTR-152A|cars]] in the game.

Although the '''{{Specs|name}}''' continues to use the same unarmoured but nimble platform that it's predecessor, the change in armament allows it to do more damage per shot against aircraft opponents as well as having a change at killing lightly armoured vehicles that are common at such BR. However the change in armament also represents a decrease volume of fire as well as an increase in reload and a smaller magazine, all of which makes it all the harder to hit enemy planes as well as requiring more rigorous aiming when it comes to attacking lightly armoured vehicles. While the '''{{Specs|name}}''' can penetrate targets, it still is not recommended to rush into battles due to the lack of protection of the vehicle and the mediocre penetration. The vehicle is better suited for ambushing unexpected targets and hit and run tactics. One must note however that unlike the [[GAZ-AAA (4M)]], the '''{{Specs|name}}''' cannot fully traverse its gun due to the ammo box located next to the driver's cabin.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


This vehicle lacks almost any form of armour. Any light machine gun can penetrate and kill the gunner (who is completely exposed), driver, or commander easily. Artillery and rockets can cause critical damage even if they land far away from the vehicle. And bombs that detonate nearby will almost surely destroy it outright.

The only benefit of being so light is that enemies using APHE rounds will often overpenetrate and not detonate. However, it is possible to hullbreak this vehicle (although at this tier, not many guns are capable of this).

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=81|rbMinHp=50}}

The mobility of the GAZ-AAA (DShK) is mediocre at best. Similar to the preceding GAZ-AAA (4M), the GAZ-AAA (DShK) does reach an impressive ~40 km/h on hard surfaces (eg. grass, dirt, concrete, etc), and is quite agile in turning. The acceleration on these surfaces is average. These pros, however, are outweighted by cons such as the poor brakes. It takes around a whopping 4 seconds to reach a complete stop which is a disadvantage in cramped conditions like urban environments, causing it to drive over desired cover or to bump into walls/teammates. It also has very poor reverse speed of only -5 km/h, putting the player at great risk when needing to retreat back to safety. Due to the low engine power, it is hard or impossible to crush obstacles like stone fences or light poles which further limits its mobility in an urban battlefield. Finally, just like most other wheeled vehicles, it shares the poor mobility on soft terrain like mud and sand, especially when accelerating, making itself an easy target for strafing aircraft.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,000 (50) || rowspan="2" | 600 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+45° || rowspan="2" | ±110° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 30.8 || 42.7 || 51.8 || 57.3 || 60.9 || rowspan="2" | 10.40 || rowspan="2" | 9.20 || rowspan="2" | 8.48 || rowspan="2" | 8.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 20.8 || 24.5 || 29.8 || 32.9 || 35.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|T|Tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}} - The belt consists of 3 different type of ammunition. {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}} ammunition is useful to put enemy planes on fire. {{Annotation|T|Tracer}} helps lead your shots while the {{Annotation|IAI|Immediate-action incendiary}} can be useful against less armored aircrafts. That said, the lack of {{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}} found on other belts, limits it's effectiveness against ground targets, reducing it to mostly vehicles with exposed crew.
* '''API:''' {{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - Unlike the default belt, the API belt consists of 2 types of bullets. {{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}} can penetrate most opponents frontally due to how unarmored vehicles are at such Battle Rating. {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} on the other hand, sacrifices penetration in favor of having an incendiary and a tracer component. This can prove to be very useful when engaging enemy aircrafts as it can easily set them on fire. The belt's composition of 50% {{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}} and 50% {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} allows the vehicle to engage air vehicles as effectively as ground ones.
* '''AP:''' {{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} - While the AP belt shares the same bullet types as the API and API-T belts, the bullet ratio of 2/3 {{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}} and 1/3 {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} is better suited to engage ground vehicles. That said the belt's {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} gives it enough flexibility to engage air targets.
* '''API-T:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}} - The API-T belt on the other hand, while sharing the same bullet types as the API and AP belts, has an inversed bullet than that of AP: 2/3 {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}} and 1/3 {{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)}}. While such belt composition is better suited to engage air vehicles, the inclusion of {{Annotation|AP-I(c)|Armour-piercing incendiary (cermet core)} allows the player to easily defend themselves against enemy tanks.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 21 || 20 || 15 || 9 || 6 || 5
|-
| API || 29 || 27 || 25 || 20 || 11 || 8
|-
| AP || 29 || 27 || 25 || 20 || 11 || 8
|-
| API-T || 29 || 27 || 25 || 20 || 11 || 8
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''20''' || 1 ''(+19)'' || No
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


;Combat tactics

Potentially the most challenging SPAA to use in the game, due to the machine gun's low rate of fire making it relatively ineffective against aircraft, however, it can work in part as a basic tank destroyer and support vehicle.

For anti-air duties, the GAZ-AAA (DShK) is harder to use than the previous SPAA despite having a more powerful gun. The 12.7 mm MG traverses very slowly for an SPAA, has a limited elevation angle and cannot aim backwards. These limitations severely impact the anti-air capability since the player have to constantly adjust the hull position just to get the gun on target. The best way to use this SPAA is to lure enemy planes into head-ons since little to no lead is required, compensating your low fire density and fire rate. First find yourself a solid cover, hide the driving compartment behind it and expose only the gunner. As an enemy plane nears, fire single shots towards it to draw its attention. If it starts to dive on you, open fire immediately, aim slightly up between the top of its fuselage and the tip of the vertical stabiliser. If the gunner is not knocked out, unload the entire box of ammo to the target. As you reload it might just be turning back for another pass, try crippling it more with another box of bullets. A few hits from the DShK should badly damage a fighter (eg. [[He 112 (Family)|He 112]]) around this BR, however a bomber/attacker (eg. [[Do 17 Z-7|Do 17 Z]], [[Ju 87 (Family)|Ju 87]]) is generally more durable and can take more hits. If you see or hear a bomb falling from the plane, immediately hide behind cover, as even the smallest fragment can easily kill your poorly protected crew, or damage your tires or your engine.

For anti-tank duties, the key will be to stick to your team and take out the crew of an enemy tank and then let the dedicated tanks finish them off with their harder-hitting rounds. It is best to use the API or AP belts since they contain the highest percentage of armour-piercing cermet core bullets. The 29 mm penetration of these bullets at point blank range is enough to pierce through the front/sides of common tanks such as [[Pz.II (Disambiguation)|Pz.II]], [[Pz.IV C]], [[LVT(A)(1)|LVT(A)]], etc. Note that you cannot spray bullets, because one magazine only holds 50 rounds which is not a lot, so aim carefully and shoot 1-3 round bursts for taking out crew members. Just remember this only works on all but the most lightly armoured targets, such as other SPAA, early German tanks and the side of some American tanks, this works best when your vehicle is down-tiered and not the other way around.

;Enemies worth noting

* [[Ju 87 B-2|Ju 87 B2]]: this early Stuka is able to carry some very threatening bombs of up to 500kg. With the bombs it can easily destroy a GAZ-AAA (DShK) even if the bomb lands far away, due to the very thin armour protection of the SPAA. Its 2 x 7.92mm MG, although weak, are still more than enough to knock out the completely exposed and not protected gunner, making the GAZ defenceless. It is best to target the Stuka's nose, where the engine and cooling systems are located. With an overheating/damaged engine, a Stuka will experience significantly worse flight performance which makes it easy for you or a friendly plane to destroy it.
* [[M13 MGMC]]: this SPAA can wipe out the GAZ within a second as it has a pair of fast-firing and heavy-punching .50 cals. Fortunately your DShK is also able to penetrate through its armour with ease. In an encounter with an M13, try your best to get your shots off first. Aim for its gun mount and disable its ability to fire, then go for the driver compartment to destroy it.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Weapon has increased penetration and damage output compared to the preceding GAZ-AAA (4M)
* Quite fast on hard roads, topping at ~45 km/h
* Small profile from all angle, hard to get spotted
* Thin armour will not trigger most fused shells, causing over-penetration and thus little damage

'''Cons:'''

* Limited magazine of 50 rounds means the armament has to frequently reload
* Russian 12.7 AP is still notably inferior to the American equivalent
* Vehicle armament consists of only a single 600 RPM machine gun
* No armour, can easily be destroyed by .30 cal machine guns
* Gunner can't swivel around 360 degrees horizontally
* Limited vertical traverse
* Will struggle to eliminate passing aircraft due to a low volume of fire
* Arguably worse as an SPAA than the GAZ-AAA (4M)

== History ==


Around the late 1920s, the Soviet Union was undergoing a mechanization revolution and realized that no purpose-built motor vehicles were available for them to help move cargo and materiel back and forth. The result was the GAZ-AAA truck, which was a truck based on the Ford Model AAA 6 x 4 truck. These trucks entered production in 1932 and were used in multiple roles in the civilian world and in the military.

In the military, the GAZ trucks were used as tractors for gun systems, fuel tankers, radio systems, and even armoured cars. By 1931, an anti-aircraft version was created as well, in order to give the Soviet Union a mobile anti-aircraft system to work with. The design had one DShK heavy machine gun installed on a mount on the truck. This configuration was called the '''DShK GAZ-AAA''' and served as a low-altitude air defence system.

Old and reliable .50 cal proved to be good at harassing low flying planes, infantry, and German APCs, but it became apparent that a more powerful gun was needed.

DShK proved its worthiness on many occasions, but a new anti-aircraft system had to be devised for the role of a mobile anti-aircraft system. This led to the development of the [[GAZ-MM (72-K)]], which while still truck-mounted weaponry, had a noticeable increase in firepower with a 25 mm autocannon.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=ussr_gaz_dshk Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
[[File:DShK GAZ AAA in winter camo.jpg|thumb|none|{{PAGENAME}} in winter camouflage<ref>http://www.wio.ru/galgrnd/flak/spflak.htm</ref>]]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|xcCWpVBf6Fk|'''The Second most sophisticated Weapon System In Game''' - ''PhlyDaily''|s4hs_Wcttuk|''' DShK GAZ AAA Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://wio.ru/galgrnd/flak/spflak.htm <nowiki>[War Is Over]</nowiki> Great Patriotic War: Soviet Anti-Aircraft Mobile Guns]

=== References ===
<references />

{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Chieftain Mk 10

2021-01-30T18:42:51Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ corrections made to the "notes" section

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Chieftain (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_chieftain_mk_10
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A."]].

The {{PAGENAME}} is the first vehicle in the British main research tree with APFSDS ammunition, significantly improving the vehicle's gun performance once the corresponding module researched.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (hull front, turret front half, cupola)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull sides, hull rear, hull roof, turret rear half, turret roof, cupola roof)
* Stillbrew composite armour (turret front half, turret ring - front part)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70-127 mm (40-79°) ''Front glacis'' 76.2 mm (40-45°) ''Lower glacis'' 200* mm (0-45°) ''Turret ring'' || 88-220 (8-30°) + 13 mm ''Front Top'' 50 mm (1-31°) ''Center Top'' 37 mm (30°) + 13 mm ''Rear Top'' 37 (10°) + 13 mm ''Bottom'' || 37 mm (1-7°) || 13-28 mm
|-
| Turret || 125-250 + 80-150* mm (2-81°) Turret front 100-220 mm (1-53°) Gun mantlet || 45-196 mm (1-65°) || 45 mm (1°) || 50.8 mm ''Front'' 25 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 150 mm || 25 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''
* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick while bogies are 19 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 16 mm of RHA.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Stillbrew armour !! Front
|-
| Turret ring - front part || 200 mm ''Kinetic'' 200 mm ''Chemical''
|-
| Turret - front half || 450 mm ''Kinetic'' 500 mm ''Chemical''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''
* Stillbrew armour at turret ring is pure 200 mm CHA.
* Stillbrew armour on turret front is composed of 80 to 150 mm CHA + 60 mm rubber + 150 to 250 mm CHA.

The {{PAGENAME}} sports identical hull armour to the earlier variants, however the turret is augmented with Stillbrew composite armour, providing near-complete frontal protection when in hull-down positioning, with the exceptions of the small area around the gun breech and a small section of visible turret ring. The Chieftain's Stillbrew package offers extremely effective protection against most kinetic rounds, with only rounds available on vehicles such as the T-80B and Type 90 able to penetrate it.

The vehicle's hull armour should be considered essentially non-existent relative to the weaponry it faces; in most cases a hull shot will result in penetration.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,178|rbMinHp=672}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility is extremely sub-par, particularly when considering the vehicles it will face regularly - such as the [[Leopard A1A1]] or the [[AMX-30 Super]]. While the vehicle is ''technically'' capable of a maximum of 48 km/h in RB/SB, the lacklustre power and the {{PAGENAME}}'s significant weight result in this speed being essentially unattainable except in on-road downhills.

As such, {{PAGENAME}} players should not rely on their mobility for anything; rather they should make their way to positions with good visibility and attempt to maintain ranged engagements only, relying on their turret armour.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Ordnance BL Tk. L11 (120 mm)}}

The L11 120 mm Rifled Cannon is reasonably competitive at the Chieftain's rank, although it does suffer from a somewhat mediocre reload time. The weapon is extremely accurate, particularly once utilising the L23 APFSDS round, and performs admirably in ranged engagements. The weapon's default APDS and HESH rounds can be used to good effect against most targets, given careful aim and target selection.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ordnance BL Tk. L11 (120 mm)|120 mm Ordnance BL Tk. L11]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 53 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.4 || 29.6 || 36.0 || 39.8 || 42.4 || rowspan="2" | 9.7 || rowspan="2" | 8.6 || rowspan="2" | 7.9 || rowspan="2" | 7.5
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.4 || 15.8 || 19.1 || 21.1 || 22.5
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The available ammunition allows for engaging all types of targets:

* '''L15A3''': APDS; an armour-piercing round with a discarding sabot that has a good penetration power and no explosive filler. As it lacks post-penetration damage, the tactic with an APDS shot is to either knock out the majority of the tank's crew or to provoke ammo or fuel detonation by targeting their respective locations. This requires good knowledge of the layouts of potential opposing vehicles. Use the Protection analysis feature in the hangar menu to analyse potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the number of shrapnel shrinks.

* '''L31A7''': HESH; a high-explosive squash head projectile works very differently from other shell types. It ignores any angle, except for ricochet, and deals damage by metal-flakes which are blown off inside the armour by the exterior explosion. To create this deadly shrapnel inside the tank, make sure to only hit armour plates which are a direct part of the interior crew compartment of the tank. Hitting exterior parts of a tank like spaced armour, the suspension, tracks etc. will not harm crew members/modules at all. Currently, only true armour thickness (as opposed to the line of sight thickness) will provide sufficient means of protection, benefiting the USSR turret designs and in general German tanks. Like all high-explosive shells, the fuse is very sensitive and can be set-off by most objects e.g. fences, trees, posts. The slow muzzle velocity of this shell can make it quite hard to hit targets at longer distances, but at the same time it can be handy because its arc trajectory allows it to land hits on enemies hiding behind shallow hills.

* '''L23''': APFSDS; a kinetic dart with high penetration power capable of easily penetrating the majority of the foes it meets but without explosive filler. As it lacks post-penetration damage, the tactic with an APDS shot is to either knock out the majority of the tank's crew or to provoke ammo or fuel detonation by targeting their respective locations. This requires good knowledge of the layouts of potential opposing vehicles. Use the Protection analysis feature in the hangar menu to analyse potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the number of shrapnel shrinks.

* '''L34''': Smoke; useful to blind enemy vehicles that are too remote for you to disable so that you can progress towards objectives.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot L15A3 || APDS || 320 || 315 || 305 || 294 || 280 || 270
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
| Shot L23 || APFSDS || 410 || 408 || 405 || 400 || 390 || 380
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot L15A3 || APDS || 1,370 || 7.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 670 || 17.1 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 6,560 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| Shot L23 || APFSDS || 1,535 || 3.89 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| L34 || 670 || 17.1 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo type
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
|-
| '''53''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 52 ''(+1)'' 48 ''(+5)'' || 48 ''(+5)'' 37 ''(+16)'' || 46 ''(+7)'' 20 ''(+33)'' || 43 ''(+10)'' 17 ''(+36)'' || 39 ''(+14)'' 11 ''(+42)'' || 37 ''(+16)'' 4 ''(+49)'' || 36 ''(+17)'' 1 ''(+52)'' || 35 ''(+18)'' N/A
|-
|-
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! 15th rack empty
! 16th rack empty
! 17th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| 30 ''(+23)'' N/A || 20 ''(+33)'' N/A || 18 ''(+35)'' N/A || 17 ''(+36)'' N/A || 12 ''(+41)'' N/A || 8 ''(+45)'' N/A || 4 ''(+49)'' N/A || 3 ''(+50)'' N/A || 1 ''(+52)'' N/A || Yes
|-
|}
Notes:
* Like the other Chieftains, the {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of both projectiles (yellow) and propellants (orange). Both have separate racks. Projectiles' racks can be seen on the upper part of the image while the propellants' racks can be seen on the lower part.
* Like the previous Chieftains, every propellant rack is encased by 5mm of {{Annotation|RHA|Rolled homogenous armour}}. In case of a successful penetration, the 5mm of RHA provide protection against shrapnel. It however may not be enough to stop a direct hit to the propellant rack.
* Projectile racks 11 to 17 and propellant racks 4 to 7 are the first stage ammo racks. They total 20 shots and get filled first when loading up the tank.
* Unlike the previous Chieftains, the projectile racks have visual discrepancy: the ammo racks can "''store''" more ammo than what the model suggests. For instance projectile racks 9 and 10 have such phenomenon.
* As to go into battle without any ammunition stored in the front hull, it is advised to bring 20 ''(+33)'' shells (projectile racks 1 to 10 emptied and propellant racks 1 to 3 emptied).
* Projectile racks 15 and 17 are located right next to each other: rack 15 being on top of rack 17.

==== Optics and night vision ====
The magnification of the gunner's optics on the {{PAGENAME}} is ok, but not anything special compared to other tanks it faces. There is only a minimal difference between the default magnification and the zoomed in magnification.

The Chieftain is equipped with a fairly basic night vision system, consisting of image intensifiers and an IR searchlight, there is no thermal imager. The image intensifiers are fairly standard compared to those fitted to vehicles of the same time period, they have a lower resolution and higher noise than those fitted to later vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Type of optic
! rowspan="3" |Magnification
! colspan="5" |[[Night Vision Devices]]
|-
! colspan="3" |Image Intensifier
! rowspan="2" |{{Annotation|Thermal Imager Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! {{Annotation|Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! {{Annotation|Light Mult|By how much the image intensifier amplifies the existing light, primarily useful for comparing image intensifiers}}
! {{Annotation|Noise Level|How much noise is present in the image (how grainy the image is)}}
|-
! Gunner's Sight
| X7.25 - X8 || 800 x 600 || 8.0 || High || Not Fitted || Image intensifier unlocked by "NVD" mod (tier 3)
|-
! Commander's View
| X6 || 800 x 600 || 8.0 || High || Not Fitted || Image intensifier unlocked by "NVD" mod (tier 3)
|-
! Driver's View
| X1 || 800 x 600 || 5.0 || High || Not Fitted || Image intensifier unlocked by "NVD" mod (tier 3)
|-
|}

The IR searchlight on the {{PAGENAME}} is mounted in a distinctive box on the left hand side of the turret, it has a wide beam compared to other searchlights; however due to its placement some of the turret blocks some of the light which would otherwise go to the right. In practice this slightly narrows the beam, compared to the theoretical angle listed below (it is still much wider than other searchlights though).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Night_Vision_Devices#Infrared_Spotlights|IR Searchlight]]
|-
! Max Range
! Beam Width
! Location / Notes
|-
| 1,500 m || 15.3° || Searchlight mounted in box on left hand side of turret, does not pitch up or down.
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The small caliber of the 7.62 machine gun makes them largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment or to destroy incoming ATGMs, with a bit of luck.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L37A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (100) || 650 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L8A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The {{PAGENAME}} plays similarly to the Mk 3/Mk 5 - ideally taking long-ranged engagements from hull-down positions, or when forced into shorter-ranged engagements avoiding exposing the vehicle as much as possible. Fortunately, the Stillbrew addition on the Mk.10 significantly reduces the risks of exposing the turret, with the composite capable of deflecting most kinetic rounds it will face - although the armour package is not invulnerable to chemical rounds; some powerful HEAT rounds and most late ATGMs will easily punch through it. Augmenting the vehicle's ability further is the (researchable) access to L23 APFSDS, which significantly improves the L11's long range efficacy. Despite these improvements, the Chieftain still suffers from mediocre mobility and care must be taken to ensure one does not get engaged while the vehicle is moving, as the ability to quickly move into cover is often not an option.

'''Specific Adversaries'''

'''[[T-64B]]/[[T-80B]]:''' The Chieftain is susceptible to the T-64B and T-80B at close to medium ranges, where their highest-performance APFSDS rounds or their ATGMs are capable of punching through the Stillbrew armour. As such, when forced to engage either of these vehicles try to force mistakes by staying in cover, encouraging them to move within your firing line rather than attempting to brute-force your way through them.

'''[[Leopard 2K]]:''' The Leopard 2K is a dangerous adversary due to its speed and ability to move quickly and potentially flank the Chieftain Mk.10. The Leopard ''is'' however fairly easy to destroy due to its essentially non-existent armour - although don't underestimate the ability for the sharp angles to bounce rounds.

'''[[AMX-40]]:''' The AMX-40 is a threat to the Chieftain Mk.10 for similar reasons to the Leopard 2K; as with the Leopard, be wary of flanks and the power of the AMX-40's APFSDS.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Stillbrew composite armour makes a hull-down Chieftain essentially impervious to all but the best kinetic rounds. It is also resistant to most rank VI chemical rounds and early generation ATGMs. Due to this, the tank is a nightmare to fight with outdated tanks for many nations, as not many tanks can even scratch its turret directly to begin with
* The L23 APFSDS round is very powerful and will have little trouble penetrating most vehicles at the Chieftain's rank
* 10° of gun depression
* Reasonably fast reload time for a 120mm with a base time of 9.5s and a best time of 7.5s
* Reasonable reverse speed
* Receives a Laser Rangefinder as a Tier 4 modification, the first British vehicle this is available on

'''Cons:'''

* Stillbrew composite armour does not provide particularly good chemical protection against upgraded rank VI ATGM, which means, that while it can often allow {{PAGENAME}} to ignore ATGM attacks from tanks like [[Begleitpanzer 57]], [[KPz-70]] or [[M551]] and maybe even some attacks from unskilled [[IT-1]] operator, in up-tier or against specialized rank VI ATGM tanks and tanks, which can carry advanced ATGM ( like [[BMP-1]], [[BMP-1 (DDR)]], [[BMP-2]], [[Type 89]], [[Warrior]], Etc.), the tank commander must be much more cautious
* While turret is near invulnerable to shells with poor flight characteristics, it still retains a glaring weakspot in form of cupola, which can be penetrated and obliterated by almost any APHE, sometimes even from light tanks such as [[Begleitpanzer 57]], resulting in full crew knockout. Because of this, the {{PAGENAME}} is usually forced to keep their enemies away, even when going to the frontline
* Very poor mobility characteristics, much slower than most medium tanks it have to face
* Hull armour is negligible, comprised only of Cast Homogenous armour, which means that it is even weaker, than what it looks like
* Hull penetration will often result in ammunition detonation as ammo is strewn throughout it

== History ==

===Concept===
The idea of a "universal tank" began in Britain in 1944 when Montgomery and other influential people began advocating for a more standardized tank to replace the cruiser and infantry tank classes used on the field. Efforts did not start until after World War II under the General Staff designation A45, with development starting just as the new cruiser tank [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] started to enter military service. The A45 was cancelled in 1948 after development troubles and its inability to be used as a "universal" platform. Ironically, the Centurion proved to be a better "universal tank" platform than the A45.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

===Development===
The [[Centurion Mk 10|Centurion]] tank series was very successful in British and its allies' service, but the development of new Soviet armour such as the [[IS-3]] and [[T-54 (1951)|T-54/55]] caused the British tank arms race to take another leap forward. Development on the Centurion's successor began in 1951 under the name ''Medium Gun Tank No. 2''. The project's priority was gun and armour, but with mobility to be equal to the Centurion's and weight of fewer than 45 tons. The weight limit caused a program known as the Concept Study Programme to commence in order to find ways to keep the tank under that weight limit yet meet all the armour and firepower specifications. One of the concepts that came out was the usage of bagged charges, which was already in use on naval ships but was a new concept for tank ammunition. Thus, a gun using the bagged charge propellant system began development in 1954, along with a new specification by General Staff that the Medium Gun Tank No.2, now known as ''FV4201'', uses a conventional four crew tank with a turret and a better gun and armour than the Centurion. Though the [[Conqueror]] heavy tank was one such response to the firepower requirement, limited production cut that to only 200 units built.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

The biggest bump to the firepower of the FV4201 was the recommendation of a 120 mm calibre tank cannon. Though the Conqueror used a 120 mm, the new one would incorporate more innovative features such as the bagged charges. Other design features added was the usage of a Rolls-Royce V8 engine, an auxiliary engine, an automatic gearbox, and a reclining seat for the driver. The reclining seat was a very new feature in tank design as it reduced the vehicle's hull height and thus gave it a lower profile. Leyland Motors was assigned to be the main designer for the tank despite their commitment to the Centurion production lines. The manufacturing process of the tank was decided to be cast rather than welded. In 1957, several specifications added to the FV4201 impeded its attempt to fit in the specifications. A bigger turret was designed and it mounted IR equipment for night fighting. Troops requested more frontal and turret side armour, which along with the turret change caused an increase in the tank's overall weight. A controversial decision was also made in 1957 by NATO that tanks should have multi-fuel engines. The FV4201 installed a new engine conforming to these standards in 1958, a German engine derived from a Junkers Jumo aviation engine. This extended development time since the engine compartment had to be redesigned to fit the engine, raising the total tank weight to 50 tons. The engine, designated the L60, was received with a mixed reception by the Royal Armoured Corps (RAC) and other users due to its novel features. Britain stayed as the only user of a multi-fuel engine in the Cold War as many other nations found the concept impractical and abandoned it.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

As the FV4201 finalized its prototype stages, General Staff sent a revised specification for it. The tank was to have the firepower of the Conqueror with the mobility of the Centurion, an armour that maximizes the protection-weight ratio, a weight limit at 45 ton with a top speed of 26 mph and an operating range of 300 miles. The first wooden prototype was made in March 1959, with full prototypes ordered in June 1959 for troop trials. Vickers-Armstrong and Royal Ordnance Factory shared the manufacturing process and the first prototypes were built in January 1960. The first two prototype FV4201 was trialled in Germany alongside their new [[Leopard I|Leopard 1]]. The greatest issue with the FV4201 was the engine, which caused many failures due to vibration, a result of the flawed multi-fuel concept. Trials were delayed due to lack of parts to fix broken pieces and redesigns were requested to fix problems. After a lengthy trial period in 1962, the FV4201, now named the '''Chieftain''', was sent to the operational unit in Germany for service and combat trials. The Chieftain was finally accepted for service in 1st May 1963, despite the many faults in the design. The first deliveries of the improved and redesigned Chieftains began in mid-1965. These were the ''Chieftain Mk 1's'', which further revealed problems with the horsepower that the ''Mk 2'' was designed and sent in April 1966. The ''[[Chieftain Mk 3]]'' rolled out of the production lines in September 1969, it now weighed 53 tons and the L60 engine was producing 650 hp, still underpowered for the weight. Engine failures were still frequent and left the Chieftain with a sour note until the [[Chieftain Mk 5|Mk 5]] variant fixed these pressing issues with a new engine and NBC protection. The Mk 5 would be the main variant of the Chieftain in British service. During its production life from 1965 to 1985, a total of 2,265 Chieftains would be built by Britain, with about 1,000 used by the British Army.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

===Service===
The first British units to receive the Chieftains was the 1st and 5th Royal Tank Regiments back during the trials. The Chieftain, despite its initial engine flaws, proved to be combat-proof and could be upgraded to fit new requirements. Some of these upgrades were the addition of composite add-on armour to fight off new anti-tank technology such as the HEAT rounds. The Chieftain earned the title "most formidable tank in the world" during the 1960's Cold War period and also redefined the specifications of a "main battle tank". Its success is due to its novel main gun and heavily sloped armour, as well as satisfactory mobility and speeds able to compete with the Leopard 1. The Chieftain stayed in use by the British Army On the Rhine on the German border with the Warsaw Pact, which caused the Soviets to in turn station their best tanks such as their [[T-64A (1971)|T-64's]] against the Chieftains. The British retained the Chieftains all the way until 1997, when it was replaced by the Challenger II, initially being used in addition to Challenger I.

The Chieftain was also successful in the export market, primarily in the Middle East to the hands of Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, and Oman. Another user of the Chieftain was Israel, with Britain initially agreeing to help set up production for locally produced Chieftains. Two Chieftains were sent for trials among the Israeli Defense Force in 1967. After two years of trials and deliberation for the acquirement of the Chieftains, Britain ultimately refused to offer the Israelis the Chieftain for political reasons. The Israeli trials benefit Britain with data on desert combat with the Chieftain, however, and the refusal did jump start Israel's tank program that would become the ''Merkava''.

Despite that, sales to the Middle East soared, with Iran being the major buyer of the Chieftains with at least 887 of mostly the MK3 and MK5 variants sent to them before their revolution in 1979. The Chieftain saw prolonged combat in the Middle East in the Iran-Iraq War, including Operation Nasr which was the largest tank vs. tank battle of the war where the Iranian Chieftains and [[M60A1 (AOS)|M60A1 Pattons]] fought against the Iraqi [[T-62]]s. After that war, the Chieftain in Kuwait then saw combat fighting the Iraqis during their invasion in 1990. Kuwait eventually replaced their Chieftains with the Yugoslavian M-84 tanks, which are a variant of the Soviet T-72s.

The Chieftain is still in service Iran, Jordan, and Oman in varying numbers, about 100 in Iran, 350 in Jordan, and 27 in Oman. The Chieftains underwent local upgrades to keep them up to date against a modern threat, which resulted in the Iran ''Mobarez'' Chieftain upgrade.

===Legacy===
The Chieftain helped revolutionize tank design with its innovative features. The most important was the reclining driver seat, which allowed the tank to have a lower profile as the driver was now that highest part of the hull in tank design. It also had the most powerful NATO tank armament in service until the advent of the German Rheinmetall 120 mm, which came about two decades later. Chieftain can be considered the definitive main battle tank of the 1960s and help transition the path between second-generation main battle tanks and the third.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_chieftain_mk_10 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|lAW5l2qvPZs|'''{{PAGENAME}}: Come at me Bro!!!''' - ''Napalmratte''|F9_TT9_uPEg|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|D3OF9IvtHLk|'''Tank Chats #34: Chieftain''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==

;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis
* [[Chieftain (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
* [[M48 Super]]
* [[T-55AM-1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4946-development-chieftain-mk-10-dressing-up-for-war-en|[Devblog] Chieftain Mk.10: Dressing Up for War]]
* [[wikipedia:Chieftain_(tank)|[Wikipedia] Chieftain (tank)]]
* [[wikipedia:Stillbrew_armour|[Wikipedia] Stillbrew armour]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/chieftain.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4201 Chieftain]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=83 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> Chieftain MBT]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Britain medium tanks}}

Chieftain Mk 10

2021-01-30T18:39:08Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ added ammo racks

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Chieftain (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_chieftain_mk_10
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A."]].

The {{PAGENAME}} is the first vehicle in the British main research tree with APFSDS ammunition, significantly improving the vehicle's gun performance once the corresponding module researched.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (hull front, turret front half, cupola)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull sides, hull rear, hull roof, turret rear half, turret roof, cupola roof)
* Stillbrew composite armour (turret front half, turret ring - front part)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70-127 mm (40-79°) ''Front glacis'' 76.2 mm (40-45°) ''Lower glacis'' 200* mm (0-45°) ''Turret ring'' || 88-220 (8-30°) + 13 mm ''Front Top'' 50 mm (1-31°) ''Center Top'' 37 mm (30°) + 13 mm ''Rear Top'' 37 (10°) + 13 mm ''Bottom'' || 37 mm (1-7°) || 13-28 mm
|-
| Turret || 125-250 + 80-150* mm (2-81°) Turret front 100-220 mm (1-53°) Gun mantlet || 45-196 mm (1-65°) || 45 mm (1°) || 50.8 mm ''Front'' 25 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 150 mm || 25 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''
* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick while bogies are 19 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 16 mm of RHA.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Stillbrew armour !! Front
|-
| Turret ring - front part || 200 mm ''Kinetic'' 200 mm ''Chemical''
|-
| Turret - front half || 450 mm ''Kinetic'' 500 mm ''Chemical''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''
* Stillbrew armour at turret ring is pure 200 mm CHA.
* Stillbrew armour on turret front is composed of 80 to 150 mm CHA + 60 mm rubber + 150 to 250 mm CHA.

The {{PAGENAME}} sports identical hull armour to the earlier variants, however the turret is augmented with Stillbrew composite armour, providing near-complete frontal protection when in hull-down positioning, with the exceptions of the small area around the gun breech and a small section of visible turret ring. The Chieftain's Stillbrew package offers extremely effective protection against most kinetic rounds, with only rounds available on vehicles such as the T-80B and Type 90 able to penetrate it.

The vehicle's hull armour should be considered essentially non-existent relative to the weaponry it faces; in most cases a hull shot will result in penetration.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,178|rbMinHp=672}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility is extremely sub-par, particularly when considering the vehicles it will face regularly - such as the [[Leopard A1A1]] or the [[AMX-30 Super]]. While the vehicle is ''technically'' capable of a maximum of 48 km/h in RB/SB, the lacklustre power and the {{PAGENAME}}'s significant weight result in this speed being essentially unattainable except in on-road downhills.

As such, {{PAGENAME}} players should not rely on their mobility for anything; rather they should make their way to positions with good visibility and attempt to maintain ranged engagements only, relying on their turret armour.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Ordnance BL Tk. L11 (120 mm)}}

The L11 120 mm Rifled Cannon is reasonably competitive at the Chieftain's rank, although it does suffer from a somewhat mediocre reload time. The weapon is extremely accurate, particularly once utilising the L23 APFSDS round, and performs admirably in ranged engagements. The weapon's default APDS and HESH rounds can be used to good effect against most targets, given careful aim and target selection.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ordnance BL Tk. L11 (120 mm)|120 mm Ordnance BL Tk. L11]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 53 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.4 || 29.6 || 36.0 || 39.8 || 42.4 || rowspan="2" | 9.7 || rowspan="2" | 8.6 || rowspan="2" | 7.9 || rowspan="2" | 7.5
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.4 || 15.8 || 19.1 || 21.1 || 22.5
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The available ammunition allows for engaging all types of targets:

* '''L15A3''': APDS; an armour-piercing round with a discarding sabot that has a good penetration power and no explosive filler. As it lacks post-penetration damage, the tactic with an APDS shot is to either knock out the majority of the tank's crew or to provoke ammo or fuel detonation by targeting their respective locations. This requires good knowledge of the layouts of potential opposing vehicles. Use the Protection analysis feature in the hangar menu to analyse potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the number of shrapnel shrinks.

* '''L31A7''': HESH; a high-explosive squash head projectile works very differently from other shell types. It ignores any angle, except for ricochet, and deals damage by metal-flakes which are blown off inside the armour by the exterior explosion. To create this deadly shrapnel inside the tank, make sure to only hit armour plates which are a direct part of the interior crew compartment of the tank. Hitting exterior parts of a tank like spaced armour, the suspension, tracks etc. will not harm crew members/modules at all. Currently, only true armour thickness (as opposed to the line of sight thickness) will provide sufficient means of protection, benefiting the USSR turret designs and in general German tanks. Like all high-explosive shells, the fuse is very sensitive and can be set-off by most objects e.g. fences, trees, posts. The slow muzzle velocity of this shell can make it quite hard to hit targets at longer distances, but at the same time it can be handy because its arc trajectory allows it to land hits on enemies hiding behind shallow hills.

* '''L23''': APFSDS; a kinetic dart with high penetration power capable of easily penetrating the majority of the foes it meets but without explosive filler. As it lacks post-penetration damage, the tactic with an APDS shot is to either knock out the majority of the tank's crew or to provoke ammo or fuel detonation by targeting their respective locations. This requires good knowledge of the layouts of potential opposing vehicles. Use the Protection analysis feature in the hangar menu to analyse potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the number of shrapnel shrinks.

* '''L34''': Smoke; useful to blind enemy vehicles that are too remote for you to disable so that you can progress towards objectives.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot L15A3 || APDS || 320 || 315 || 305 || 294 || 280 || 270
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
| Shot L23 || APFSDS || 410 || 408 || 405 || 400 || 390 || 380
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot L15A3 || APDS || 1,370 || 7.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 670 || 17.1 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 6,560 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
| Shot L23 || APFSDS || 1,535 || 3.89 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| L34 || 670 || 17.1 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo type
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
|-
| '''53''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 52 ''(+1)'' 48 ''(+5)'' || 48 ''(+5)'' 37 ''(+16)'' || 46 ''(+7)'' 20 ''(+33)'' || 43 ''(+10)'' 17 ''(+36)'' || 39 ''(+14)'' 11 ''(+42)'' || 37 ''(+16)'' 4 ''(+49)'' || 36 ''(+17)'' 1 ''(+52)'' || 35 ''(+18)'' N/A
|-
|-
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! 14th rack empty
! 15th rack empty
! 16th rack empty
! 17th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| 30 ''(+23)'' N/A || 20 ''(+33)'' N/A || 18 ''(+35)'' N/A || 17 ''(+36)'' N/A || 12 ''(+41)'' N/A || 8 ''(+45)'' N/A || 4 ''(+49)'' N/A || 3 ''(+50)'' N/A || 1 ''(+52)'' N/A || Yes
|-
|}
Notes:
* Like the other Chieftains, the {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of both projectiles (yellow) and propellants (orange). Both have separate racks. Projectiles' racks can be seen on the upper part of the image while the propellants' racks can be seen on the lower part.
* Like the previous Chieftains, every propellant rack is encased by 5mm of {{Annotation|RHA|Rolled homogenous armour}}. In case of a successful penetration, the 5mm of RHA provide protection against shrapnel. It however may not be enough to stop a direct hit to the propellant rack.
* Projectile racks 10 to 13 and propellant racks 5 to 7 are the first stage ammo racks. They total 18 shots and get filled first when loading up the tank.
* Unlike the previous Chieftains, the projectile racks have visual discrepancy: the ammo racks can "''store''" more ammo than what the model suggests. For instance projectile racks 9 and 10 have such phenomenon.
* As to go into battle without any ammunition stored in the front hull, it is advised to bring 20 ''(+33)'' shells (projectile racks 1 to 10 emptied and propellant racks 1 to 3 emptied).

==== Optics and night vision ====
The magnification of the gunner's optics on the {{PAGENAME}} is ok, but not anything special compared to other tanks it faces. There is only a minimal difference between the default magnification and the zoomed in magnification.

The Chieftain is equipped with a fairly basic night vision system, consisting of image intensifiers and an IR searchlight, there is no thermal imager. The image intensifiers are fairly standard compared to those fitted to vehicles of the same time period, they have a lower resolution and higher noise than those fitted to later vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |Type of optic
! rowspan="3" |Magnification
! colspan="5" |[[Night Vision Devices]]
|-
! colspan="3" |Image Intensifier
! rowspan="2" |{{Annotation|Thermal Imager Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! {{Annotation|Resolution|The higher the resolution the clearer and more detailed the image is}}
! {{Annotation|Light Mult|By how much the image intensifier amplifies the existing light, primarily useful for comparing image intensifiers}}
! {{Annotation|Noise Level|How much noise is present in the image (how grainy the image is)}}
|-
! Gunner's Sight
| X7.25 - X8 || 800 x 600 || 8.0 || High || Not Fitted || Image intensifier unlocked by "NVD" mod (tier 3)
|-
! Commander's View
| X6 || 800 x 600 || 8.0 || High || Not Fitted || Image intensifier unlocked by "NVD" mod (tier 3)
|-
! Driver's View
| X1 || 800 x 600 || 5.0 || High || Not Fitted || Image intensifier unlocked by "NVD" mod (tier 3)
|-
|}

The IR searchlight on the {{PAGENAME}} is mounted in a distinctive box on the left hand side of the turret, it has a wide beam compared to other searchlights; however due to its placement some of the turret blocks some of the light which would otherwise go to the right. In practice this slightly narrows the beam, compared to the theoretical angle listed below (it is still much wider than other searchlights though).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Night_Vision_Devices#Infrared_Spotlights|IR Searchlight]]
|-
! Max Range
! Beam Width
! Location / Notes
|-
| 1,500 m || 15.3° || Searchlight mounted in box on left hand side of turret, does not pitch up or down.
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The small caliber of the 7.62 machine gun makes them largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment or to destroy incoming ATGMs, with a bit of luck.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L37A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (100) || 650 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L8A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The {{PAGENAME}} plays similarly to the Mk 3/Mk 5 - ideally taking long-ranged engagements from hull-down positions, or when forced into shorter-ranged engagements avoiding exposing the vehicle as much as possible. Fortunately, the Stillbrew addition on the Mk.10 significantly reduces the risks of exposing the turret, with the composite capable of deflecting most kinetic rounds it will face - although the armour package is not invulnerable to chemical rounds; some powerful HEAT rounds and most late ATGMs will easily punch through it. Augmenting the vehicle's ability further is the (researchable) access to L23 APFSDS, which significantly improves the L11's long range efficacy. Despite these improvements, the Chieftain still suffers from mediocre mobility and care must be taken to ensure one does not get engaged while the vehicle is moving, as the ability to quickly move into cover is often not an option.

'''Specific Adversaries'''

'''[[T-64B]]/[[T-80B]]:''' The Chieftain is susceptible to the T-64B and T-80B at close to medium ranges, where their highest-performance APFSDS rounds or their ATGMs are capable of punching through the Stillbrew armour. As such, when forced to engage either of these vehicles try to force mistakes by staying in cover, encouraging them to move within your firing line rather than attempting to brute-force your way through them.

'''[[Leopard 2K]]:''' The Leopard 2K is a dangerous adversary due to its speed and ability to move quickly and potentially flank the Chieftain Mk.10. The Leopard ''is'' however fairly easy to destroy due to its essentially non-existent armour - although don't underestimate the ability for the sharp angles to bounce rounds.

'''[[AMX-40]]:''' The AMX-40 is a threat to the Chieftain Mk.10 for similar reasons to the Leopard 2K; as with the Leopard, be wary of flanks and the power of the AMX-40's APFSDS.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Stillbrew composite armour makes a hull-down Chieftain essentially impervious to all but the best kinetic rounds. It is also resistant to most rank VI chemical rounds and early generation ATGMs. Due to this, the tank is a nightmare to fight with outdated tanks for many nations, as not many tanks can even scratch its turret directly to begin with
* The L23 APFSDS round is very powerful and will have little trouble penetrating most vehicles at the Chieftain's rank
* 10° of gun depression
* Reasonably fast reload time for a 120mm with a base time of 9.5s and a best time of 7.5s
* Reasonable reverse speed
* Receives a Laser Rangefinder as a Tier 4 modification, the first British vehicle this is available on

'''Cons:'''

* Stillbrew composite armour does not provide particularly good chemical protection against upgraded rank VI ATGM, which means, that while it can often allow {{PAGENAME}} to ignore ATGM attacks from tanks like [[Begleitpanzer 57]], [[KPz-70]] or [[M551]] and maybe even some attacks from unskilled [[IT-1]] operator, in up-tier or against specialized rank VI ATGM tanks and tanks, which can carry advanced ATGM ( like [[BMP-1]], [[BMP-1 (DDR)]], [[BMP-2]], [[Type 89]], [[Warrior]], Etc.), the tank commander must be much more cautious
* While turret is near invulnerable to shells with poor flight characteristics, it still retains a glaring weakspot in form of cupola, which can be penetrated and obliterated by almost any APHE, sometimes even from light tanks such as [[Begleitpanzer 57]], resulting in full crew knockout. Because of this, the {{PAGENAME}} is usually forced to keep their enemies away, even when going to the frontline
* Very poor mobility characteristics, much slower than most medium tanks it have to face
* Hull armour is negligible, comprised only of Cast Homogenous armour, which means that it is even weaker, than what it looks like
* Hull penetration will often result in ammunition detonation as ammo is strewn throughout it

== History ==

===Concept===
The idea of a "universal tank" began in Britain in 1944 when Montgomery and other influential people began advocating for a more standardized tank to replace the cruiser and infantry tank classes used on the field. Efforts did not start until after World War II under the General Staff designation A45, with development starting just as the new cruiser tank [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] started to enter military service. The A45 was cancelled in 1948 after development troubles and its inability to be used as a "universal" platform. Ironically, the Centurion proved to be a better "universal tank" platform than the A45.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

===Development===
The [[Centurion Mk 10|Centurion]] tank series was very successful in British and its allies' service, but the development of new Soviet armour such as the [[IS-3]] and [[T-54 (1951)|T-54/55]] caused the British tank arms race to take another leap forward. Development on the Centurion's successor began in 1951 under the name ''Medium Gun Tank No. 2''. The project's priority was gun and armour, but with mobility to be equal to the Centurion's and weight of fewer than 45 tons. The weight limit caused a program known as the Concept Study Programme to commence in order to find ways to keep the tank under that weight limit yet meet all the armour and firepower specifications. One of the concepts that came out was the usage of bagged charges, which was already in use on naval ships but was a new concept for tank ammunition. Thus, a gun using the bagged charge propellant system began development in 1954, along with a new specification by General Staff that the Medium Gun Tank No.2, now known as ''FV4201'', uses a conventional four crew tank with a turret and a better gun and armour than the Centurion. Though the [[Conqueror]] heavy tank was one such response to the firepower requirement, limited production cut that to only 200 units built.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

The biggest bump to the firepower of the FV4201 was the recommendation of a 120 mm calibre tank cannon. Though the Conqueror used a 120 mm, the new one would incorporate more innovative features such as the bagged charges. Other design features added was the usage of a Rolls-Royce V8 engine, an auxiliary engine, an automatic gearbox, and a reclining seat for the driver. The reclining seat was a very new feature in tank design as it reduced the vehicle's hull height and thus gave it a lower profile. Leyland Motors was assigned to be the main designer for the tank despite their commitment to the Centurion production lines. The manufacturing process of the tank was decided to be cast rather than welded. In 1957, several specifications added to the FV4201 impeded its attempt to fit in the specifications. A bigger turret was designed and it mounted IR equipment for night fighting. Troops requested more frontal and turret side armour, which along with the turret change caused an increase in the tank's overall weight. A controversial decision was also made in 1957 by NATO that tanks should have multi-fuel engines. The FV4201 installed a new engine conforming to these standards in 1958, a German engine derived from a Junkers Jumo aviation engine. This extended development time since the engine compartment had to be redesigned to fit the engine, raising the total tank weight to 50 tons. The engine, designated the L60, was received with a mixed reception by the Royal Armoured Corps (RAC) and other users due to its novel features. Britain stayed as the only user of a multi-fuel engine in the Cold War as many other nations found the concept impractical and abandoned it.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

As the FV4201 finalized its prototype stages, General Staff sent a revised specification for it. The tank was to have the firepower of the Conqueror with the mobility of the Centurion, an armour that maximizes the protection-weight ratio, a weight limit at 45 ton with a top speed of 26 mph and an operating range of 300 miles. The first wooden prototype was made in March 1959, with full prototypes ordered in June 1959 for troop trials. Vickers-Armstrong and Royal Ordnance Factory shared the manufacturing process and the first prototypes were built in January 1960. The first two prototype FV4201 was trialled in Germany alongside their new [[Leopard I|Leopard 1]]. The greatest issue with the FV4201 was the engine, which caused many failures due to vibration, a result of the flawed multi-fuel concept. Trials were delayed due to lack of parts to fix broken pieces and redesigns were requested to fix problems. After a lengthy trial period in 1962, the FV4201, now named the '''Chieftain''', was sent to the operational unit in Germany for service and combat trials. The Chieftain was finally accepted for service in 1st May 1963, despite the many faults in the design. The first deliveries of the improved and redesigned Chieftains began in mid-1965. These were the ''Chieftain Mk 1's'', which further revealed problems with the horsepower that the ''Mk 2'' was designed and sent in April 1966. The ''[[Chieftain Mk 3]]'' rolled out of the production lines in September 1969, it now weighed 53 tons and the L60 engine was producing 650 hp, still underpowered for the weight. Engine failures were still frequent and left the Chieftain with a sour note until the [[Chieftain Mk 5|Mk 5]] variant fixed these pressing issues with a new engine and NBC protection. The Mk 5 would be the main variant of the Chieftain in British service. During its production life from 1965 to 1985, a total of 2,265 Chieftains would be built by Britain, with about 1,000 used by the British Army.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

===Service===
The first British units to receive the Chieftains was the 1st and 5th Royal Tank Regiments back during the trials. The Chieftain, despite its initial engine flaws, proved to be combat-proof and could be upgraded to fit new requirements. Some of these upgrades were the addition of composite add-on armour to fight off new anti-tank technology such as the HEAT rounds. The Chieftain earned the title "most formidable tank in the world" during the 1960's Cold War period and also redefined the specifications of a "main battle tank". Its success is due to its novel main gun and heavily sloped armour, as well as satisfactory mobility and speeds able to compete with the Leopard 1. The Chieftain stayed in use by the British Army On the Rhine on the German border with the Warsaw Pact, which caused the Soviets to in turn station their best tanks such as their [[T-64A (1971)|T-64's]] against the Chieftains. The British retained the Chieftains all the way until 1997, when it was replaced by the Challenger II, initially being used in addition to Challenger I.

The Chieftain was also successful in the export market, primarily in the Middle East to the hands of Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, and Oman. Another user of the Chieftain was Israel, with Britain initially agreeing to help set up production for locally produced Chieftains. Two Chieftains were sent for trials among the Israeli Defense Force in 1967. After two years of trials and deliberation for the acquirement of the Chieftains, Britain ultimately refused to offer the Israelis the Chieftain for political reasons. The Israeli trials benefit Britain with data on desert combat with the Chieftain, however, and the refusal did jump start Israel's tank program that would become the ''Merkava''.

Despite that, sales to the Middle East soared, with Iran being the major buyer of the Chieftains with at least 887 of mostly the MK3 and MK5 variants sent to them before their revolution in 1979. The Chieftain saw prolonged combat in the Middle East in the Iran-Iraq War, including Operation Nasr which was the largest tank vs. tank battle of the war where the Iranian Chieftains and [[M60A1 (AOS)|M60A1 Pattons]] fought against the Iraqi [[T-62]]s. After that war, the Chieftain in Kuwait then saw combat fighting the Iraqis during their invasion in 1990. Kuwait eventually replaced their Chieftains with the Yugoslavian M-84 tanks, which are a variant of the Soviet T-72s.

The Chieftain is still in service Iran, Jordan, and Oman in varying numbers, about 100 in Iran, 350 in Jordan, and 27 in Oman. The Chieftains underwent local upgrades to keep them up to date against a modern threat, which resulted in the Iran ''Mobarez'' Chieftain upgrade.

===Legacy===
The Chieftain helped revolutionize tank design with its innovative features. The most important was the reclining driver seat, which allowed the tank to have a lower profile as the driver was now that highest part of the hull in tank design. It also had the most powerful NATO tank armament in service until the advent of the German Rheinmetall 120 mm, which came about two decades later. Chieftain can be considered the definitive main battle tank of the 1960s and help transition the path between second-generation main battle tanks and the third.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_chieftain_mk_10 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|lAW5l2qvPZs|'''{{PAGENAME}}: Come at me Bro!!!''' - ''Napalmratte''|F9_TT9_uPEg|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|D3OF9IvtHLk|'''Tank Chats #34: Chieftain''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==

;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis
* [[Chieftain (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
* [[M48 Super]]
* [[T-55AM-1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4946-development-chieftain-mk-10-dressing-up-for-war-en|[Devblog] Chieftain Mk.10: Dressing Up for War]]
* [[wikipedia:Chieftain_(tank)|[Wikipedia] Chieftain (tank)]]
* [[wikipedia:Stillbrew_armour|[Wikipedia] Stillbrew armour]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/chieftain.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4201 Chieftain]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=83 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> Chieftain MBT]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Britain medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks Chieftain Mk 10.png

2021-01-30T18:38:05Z

U33751742: Category:Ammo racks

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

Chieftain Mk 5

2021-01-30T13:34:34Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Chieftain (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_chieftain_mk_5
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]]. The Chieftain Mk.5 carries over its strength from the [[Chieftain Mk 3|Mk.3]] variant, but with a more powerful engine for improved mobility.

The fundamental average for Chieftain: its rate of shooting and its penetration. With Chieftain, there are few vehicles being able to resist the firepower, except perhaps [[T95|T95]] or [[Maus|Maus]]. Shoot anywhere at the enemy with L15A3 shells, it will more than likely penetrate the armour. Know where to shoot, any enemies can be taken down with the 120 mm gun. That requires good knowledge of the enemy tanks. A Chieftain player will have to know where are the shells, fuel tanks, crews.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (hull front, turret front half, cupola)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull sides, hull rear, hull roof, turret rear half, turret roof, cupola roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70-127 mm (43-79°) ''Front glacis'' 76.2 mm (43-44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 88-220 (8-30°) + 13 mm ''Front Top'' 50 mm (1-31°) ''Center Top'' 37 mm (30°) + 13 mm ''Rear Top'' 37 (10°) + 13 mm ''Bottom'' || 37 mm (1-7°) || 13-28 mm
|-
| Turret || 125-250 mm (2-81°) ''Turret front'' 100-220 mm (1-53°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 45-196 mm (1-65°) || 45 mm (1°) || 50.8 mm ''Front'' 25 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 150 mm || 25 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick while bogies are 19 mm thick.
* Armour thickness throughout the vehicle is very complex and the tank relies more on sloping thickness to enhance its effective armour.
* The metal boxes on the sides of the turret and hull are 13 mm of structural steel.
* The belly of the {{PAGENAME}} is 15 mm thick (6°).

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,178|rbMinHp=672}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The first upgrades to head for are ''Parts'' and ''FPE'' for increased survivability. Then prioritize mobility upgrades (the {{PAGENAME}} needs all the mobility it can get) and gun accuracy upgrades (to further enhance its accurate fire).

;Modules to get in order, maximizing recovery and speed first:

* Parts
* FPE
* Tracks (critical for hull rotation speed)
* Adjustment of Fire
* Elevation Mechanism
* Horizontal Drive
* Other mobility upgrades as needed

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Ordnance BL Tk. L11 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ordnance BL Tk. L11 (120 mm)|120 mm Ordnance BL Tk. L11]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 53 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.4 || 29.6 || 36.0 || 39.8 || 42.4 || rowspan="2" | 9.7 || rowspan="2" | 8.6 || rowspan="2" | 7.9 || rowspan="2" | 7.5
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.4 || 15.8 || 19.1 || 21.1 || 22.5
|-
|}

The cannon's reload rate is much faster than average for its calibre at its BR (7.5 seconds with an ace crew).

==== Ammunition ====
The Chieftain's 120 mm gun has access to APDS and HESH when stock, with a smoke shell as only unlockable ammunition. The L15A3 APDS shell has a very good slope modifier compared to other APDS and will penetrate essentially any vehicle at its battle rating, but has relatively weak post-penetration effects. The L31A7 HESH shell is slow and behaves similarly to other HESH shells in the game. It is a more situational round.

The available ammunition allows for engaging all types of targets:

* '''L15A3''': APDS; an armour-piercing round with a discarding sabot that has a good penetration power and no explosive filler. As it lacks post-penetration damage, the tactic with an APDS shot is to either knock out the majority of the tank's crew or to provoke ammo or fuel detonation by targeting their respective locations. This requires good knowledge of the layouts of potential opposing vehicles. Use the Protection analysis feature in the hangar menu to analyse potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the number of shrapnel shrinks.

* '''L31A7''': HESH; a high-explosive squash head projectile works very differently from other shell types. It ignores any angle, except for ricochet, and deals damage by metal-flakes which are blown off inside the armour by the exterior explosion. To create this deadly shrapnel inside the tank, make sure to only hit armour plates which are a direct part of the interior crew compartment of the tank. Hitting exterior parts of a tank like spaced armour, the suspension, tracks etc. will not harm crew members/modules at all. Currently, only true armour thickness (as opposed to the line of sight thickness) will provide sufficient means of protection, benefiting the USSR turret designs and in general German tanks. Like all high-explosive shells, the fuse is very sensitive and can be set-off by most objects e.g. fences, trees, posts. The slow muzzle velocity of this shell can make it quite hard to hit targets at longer distances, but at the same time it can be handy because its arc trajectory allows it to land hits on enemies hiding behind shallow hills.

* '''L34''': Smoke; useful to blind enemy vehicles that are too remote for you to disable so that you can progress towards objectives.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot L15A3 || APDS || 320 || 315 || 305 || 294 || 280 || 270
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot L15A3 || APDS || 1,370 || 7.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 670 || 17.1 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 6,560 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| L34 || 670 || 17.1 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo type
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''53''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 48 ''(+5)'' 52 ''(+1)'' || 45 ''(+8)'' 43 ''(+10)''|| 43 ''(+10)'' 31 ''(+22)''|| 37 ''(+16)'' 18 ''(+35)''|| 35 ''(+18)'' 14 ''(+39)''|| 33 ''(+20)'' 5 ''(+48)''|| 28 ''(+25)'' 1 ''(+52)''|| 23 ''(+30)'' N/A || 18 ''(+35)'' N/A || 14 ''(+39)'' N/A || 7 ''(+46)'' N/A || 3 ''(+50)'' N/A || 1 ''(+52)'' N/A || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
Notes:
* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of projectiles (yellow) and propellants (orange). Both have separate racks. Projectiles' racks can be seen on the upper part of the image while the propellantsa' racks can be seen on the lower part.
* Every propellant rack is encased by 5mm of {{Annotation|RHA|Rolled homogenous armour}}. In case of a successful penetration, the 5mm of RHA provide protection against shrapnel. It however may not be enough to stop a direct hit to the propellant rack.
* Projectile racks 10 to 13 and propellant racks 5 to 7 are the first stage ammo racks. They total 18 shots and get filled first when loading up the tank.
* As to go into battle without any ammunition stored in the front hull, it is advised to bring 18 ''(+35)'' shells (projectile racks 1 to 9 emptied and propellant racks 1 to 4 emptied).

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|L21A1 (12.7 mm)}}

The 12.7 mm L21A1 machine gun is specifically used to determine ranging for the main gun. While the game indicates a very short clip of 3 rounds, it is in fact more accurate to say that the MG only fires small bursts of 3 rounds. It is not fired alongside the other machine guns but through the "Fire from secondary guns" option (Controls > Ground Vehicles > Weaponry).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L21A1 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm L21A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 588 (3) || 300 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The small calibre of the 7.62 mm machine gun makes them largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L37A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (100) || 650 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L8A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

'''In long-range fight:''' 
The gun is very precise with all the shooting amelioration. Do not forget to protect the frame, it is fragile. The turret armour protects the tank well. Invest in camouflage plants, one or two seconds lost by the aiming enemy is time gained to eliminate the threat.

'''An aggressive way to play:''' 
The best targets are the German Leopards and all the Russian T-54/55/62 series. Shoot it on front frame, where the shells are, for an assured popcorn effect. Don't hesitate to try this on IS-3/4 or T26E1-1/T28/T29, only shell places change (front side or turret rear).

Other tanks could be easily knocked out with fuel tank or disabled in aiming crew member. Don't forget that reload time is the vehicle's best friend.

Be wary of the Chieftain's width, often the weak points are exposed when trying to turn the Chieftain.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Turret armour strong enough to bounce APDS, HEATFS and even some APDSFS shells
* Upper frontal plate is heavily sloped, providing adequate protection against same tier rounds
* Excellent reload time for a 120 mm (7.5s - 9.5s)
* Access to 320 mm penetrating APDS shells and HESH shells immediately
* 10 degrees of gun depression
* Has access to a dual plane stabilizer
* Includes an additional range finding .50 calibre machine gun that can be separately bound
* Unlike other British tanks, it has a respectable reverse speed
* Much faster and easier to handle than the Mk 3 model
* Very effective in a hull down position
* Excels in maps with a lot of open ground where it can go hull down effectively

'''Cons:'''

* Weak hull armour overall
* APFSDS can go through this tank easily
* The design of the tank only allows for a limited playstyle
* Does not like fighting in small maps
* Lower frontal plate is very poorly armoured and has an ammo rack behind it
* Very weak side and rear armour
* Ammo rack everywhere but can be mitigated by carrying only 24 rounds
* Small ammo variety (APDS or HESH only) means that it struggles with modern composite armour
* APDS deals minimal, punctual damage
* Slowest of all MBTs

== History ==

===Concept===
The idea of a "universal tank" began in Britain in 1944 when Montgomery and other influential people began advocating for a more standardized tank to replace the cruiser and infantry tank classes used on the field. Efforts did not start until after World War II under the General Staff designation A45, with development starting just as the new cruiser tank [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] started to enter military service. The A45 was cancelled in 1948 after development troubles and its inability to be used as a "universal" platform. Ironically, the Centurion proved to be a better "universal tank" platform than the A45.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

===Development===
The [[Centurion Mk 10|Centurion]] tank series was very successful in British and its allies' service, but the development of new Soviet armour such as the [[IS-3]] and [[T-54 (1951)|T-54/55]] caused the British tank arms race to take another leap forward. Development on the Centurion's successor began in 1951 under the name ''Medium Gun Tank No. 2''. The project's priority was gun and armour, but with mobility to be equal to the Centurion's and weight of fewer than 45 tons. The weight limit caused a program known as the Concept Study Programme to commence in order to find ways to keep the tank under that weight limit yet meet all the armour and firepower specifications. One of the concepts that came out was the usage of bagged charges, which was already in use on naval ships but was a new concept for tank ammunition. Thus, a gun using the bagged charge propellant system began development in 1954, along with a new specification by General Staff that the Medium Gun Tank No.2, now known as ''FV4201'', uses a conventional four crew tank with a turret and a better gun and armour than the Centurion. Though the [[Conqueror|Conqueror heavy tank]] was one such response to the firepower requirement, limited production cut that to only 200 units built.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

The biggest bump to the firepower of the FV4201 was the recommendation of a 120 mm calibre tank cannon. Though the Conqueror used a 120 mm, the new one would incorporate more innovative features such as the bagged charges. Other design features added was the usage of a Rolls-Royce V8 engine, an auxiliary engine, an automatic gearbox, and a reclining seat for the driver. The reclining seat was a very new feature in tank design as it reduced the vehicle's hull height and thus gave it a lower profile. Leyland Motors was assigned to be the main designer for the tank despite their commitment to the Centurion production lines. The manufacturing process of the tank was decided to be cast rather than welded. In 1957, several specifications added to the FV4201 impeded its attempt to fit in the specifications. A bigger turret was designed and it mounted IR equipment for night fighting. Troops requested more frontal and turret side armour, which along with the turret change caused an increase in the tank's overall weight. A controversial decision was also made in 1957 by NATO that tanks should have multi-fuel engines. The FV4201 installed a new engine conforming to these standards in 1958, a German engine derived from a Junkers Jumo aviation engine. This extended development time since the engine compartment had to be redesigned to fit the engine, raising the total tank weight to 50 tons. The engine, designated the L60, was received with a mixed reception by the Royal Armoured Corps (RAC) and other users due to its novel features. Britain stayed as the only user of a multi-fuel engine in the Cold War as many other nations found the concept impractical and abandoned it.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

As the FV4201 finalized its prototype stages, General Staff sent a revised specification for it. The tank was to have the firepower of the Conqueror with the mobility of the Centurion, an armour that maximizes the protection-weight ratio, a weight limit at 45 ton with a top speed of 26 mph and an operating range of 300 miles. The first wooden prototype was made in March 1959, with full prototypes ordered in June 1959 for troop trials. Vickers-Armstrong and Royal Ordnance Factory shared the manufacturing process and the first prototypes were built in January 1960. The first two prototype FV4201 was trialled in Germany alongside their new [[Leopard I|Leopard 1]]. The greatest issue with the FV4201 was the engine, which caused many failures due to vibration, a result of the flawed multi-fuel concept. Trials were delayed due to lack of parts to fix broken pieces and redesigns were requested to fix problems. After a lengthy trial period in 1962, the FV4201, now named the '''Chieftain''', was sent to the operational unit in Germany for service and combat trials. The Chieftain was finally accepted for service in 1st May 1963, despite the many faults in the design. The first deliveries of the improved and redesigned Chieftains began in mid-1965. These were the ''Chieftain Mk.1's'', which further revealed problems with the horsepower that the ''Mk.2'' was designed and sent in April 1966. The ''[[Chieftain Mk 3]]'' rolled out of the production lines in September 1969, it now weighed 53 tons and the L60 engine was producing 650 hp, still underpowered for the weight. Engine failures were still frequent and left the Chieftain with a sour note until the [[Chieftain Mk 5|Mk.5]] variant fixed these pressing issues with a new engine and NBC protection. The Mk.5 would be the main variant of the Chieftain in British service. During its production life from 1965 to 1985, a total of 2,265 Chieftains would be built by Britain, with about 1,000 used by the British Army.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

===Service===
The first British units to receive the Chieftains was the 1st and 5th Royal Tank Regiments back during the trials. The Chieftain, despite its initial engine flaws, proved to be combat-proof and could be upgraded to fit new requirements. Some of these upgrades were the addition of composite add-on armour to fight off new anti-tank technology such as the HEAT rounds. The Chieftain earned the title "most formidable tank in the world" during the 1960's Cold War period and also redefined the specifications of a "main battle tank". Its success is due to its novel main gun and heavily sloped armour, as well as satisfactory mobility and speeds able to compete with the Leopard 1. The Chieftain stayed in use by the British Army On the Rhine on the German border with the Warsaw Pact, which caused the Soviets to in turn station their best tanks such as their T-64's against the Chieftains. The British retained the Chieftains all the way until 1995 when it was replaced by the Challenger I.

The Chieftain was also successful in the export market, primarily in the Middle East to the hands of Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, and Oman. Another user of the Chieftain was Israel, with Britain initially agreeing to help set up production for locally produced Chieftains. Two Chieftains were sent for trials among the Israeli Defense Force in 1967. After two years of trials and deliberation for the acquirement of the Chieftains, Britain ultimately refused to offer the Israelis the Chieftain for political reasons. The Israeli trials benefit Britain with data on desert combat with the Chieftain, however, and the refusal did jump start Israel's tank program that would become the ''Merkava''.

Despite that, sales to the Middle East soared, with Iran being the major buyer of the Chieftains with at least 887 of mostly the MK3 and MK5 variants sent to them before their revolution in 1979. The Chieftain saw prolonged combat in the Middle East in the Iran-Iraq War, including Operation Nasr which was the largest tank vs. tank battle of the war where the Iranian Chieftains and [[M60A1 (AOS)|M60A1 Pattons]] fought against the Iraqi [[T-62]]s. After that war, the Chieftain in Kuwait then saw combat fighting the Iraqis during their invasion in 1990. Kuwait eventually replaced their Chieftains with the Yugoslavian M-84 tanks, which are a variant of the Soviet T-72s.

The Chieftain is still in service Iran, Jordan, and Oman in varying numbers, about 100 in Iran, 350 in Jordan, and 27 in Oman. The Chieftains underwent local upgrades to keep them up to date against a modern threat, which resulted in the Iran ''Mobarez'' Chieftain upgrade.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_chieftain_mk_5 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Jw8eknm5rRc|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|l_091yu5mKg|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''|D3OF9IvtHLk|'''Tank Chats #34: Chieftain''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==

;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis
* [[Chieftain (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
* [[T-62]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Chieftain_(tank)|[Wikipedia] Chieftain (tank)]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/chieftain.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4201 Chieftain]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=83 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> Chieftain MBT]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Britain medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks Chieftain Mk 5.png

2021-01-30T13:31:45Z

U33751742: U33751742 uploaded a new version of File:Ammoracks Chieftain Mk 5.png

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

Chieftain Mk 5

2021-01-30T13:29:42Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Chieftain (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_chieftain_mk_5
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]]. The Chieftain Mk.5 carries over its strength from the [[Chieftain Mk 3|Mk.3]] variant, but with a more powerful engine for improved mobility.

The fundamental average for Chieftain: its rate of shooting and its penetration. With Chieftain, there are few vehicles being able to resist the firepower, except perhaps [[T95|T95]] or [[Maus|Maus]]. Shoot anywhere at the enemy with L15A3 shells, it will more than likely penetrate the armour. Know where to shoot, any enemies can be taken down with the 120 mm gun. That requires good knowledge of the enemy tanks. A Chieftain player will have to know where are the shells, fuel tanks, crews.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (hull front, turret front half, cupola)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull sides, hull rear, hull roof, turret rear half, turret roof, cupola roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 70-127 mm (43-79°) ''Front glacis'' 76.2 mm (43-44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 88-220 (8-30°) + 13 mm ''Front Top'' 50 mm (1-31°) ''Center Top'' 37 mm (30°) + 13 mm ''Rear Top'' 37 (10°) + 13 mm ''Bottom'' || 37 mm (1-7°) || 13-28 mm
|-
| Turret || 125-250 mm (2-81°) ''Turret front'' 100-220 mm (1-53°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 45-196 mm (1-65°) || 45 mm (1°) || 50.8 mm ''Front'' 25 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 150 mm || 25 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick while bogies are 19 mm thick.
* Armour thickness throughout the vehicle is very complex and the tank relies more on sloping thickness to enhance its effective armour.
* The metal boxes on the sides of the turret and hull are 13 mm of structural steel.
* The belly of the {{PAGENAME}} is 15 mm thick (6°).

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,178|rbMinHp=672}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The first upgrades to head for are ''Parts'' and ''FPE'' for increased survivability. Then prioritize mobility upgrades (the {{PAGENAME}} needs all the mobility it can get) and gun accuracy upgrades (to further enhance its accurate fire).

;Modules to get in order, maximizing recovery and speed first:

* Parts
* FPE
* Tracks (critical for hull rotation speed)
* Adjustment of Fire
* Elevation Mechanism
* Horizontal Drive
* Other mobility upgrades as needed

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Ordnance BL Tk. L11 (120 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ordnance BL Tk. L11 (120 mm)|120 mm Ordnance BL Tk. L11]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 53 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.4 || 29.6 || 36.0 || 39.8 || 42.4 || rowspan="2" | 9.7 || rowspan="2" | 8.6 || rowspan="2" | 7.9 || rowspan="2" | 7.5
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.4 || 15.8 || 19.1 || 21.1 || 22.5
|-
|}

The cannon's reload rate is much faster than average for its calibre at its BR (7.5 seconds with an ace crew).

==== Ammunition ====
The Chieftain's 120 mm gun has access to APDS and HESH when stock, with a smoke shell as only unlockable ammunition. The L15A3 APDS shell has a very good slope modifier compared to other APDS and will penetrate essentially any vehicle at its battle rating, but has relatively weak post-penetration effects. The L31A7 HESH shell is slow and behaves similarly to other HESH shells in the game. It is a more situational round.

The available ammunition allows for engaging all types of targets:

* '''L15A3''': APDS; an armour-piercing round with a discarding sabot that has a good penetration power and no explosive filler. As it lacks post-penetration damage, the tactic with an APDS shot is to either knock out the majority of the tank's crew or to provoke ammo or fuel detonation by targeting their respective locations. This requires good knowledge of the layouts of potential opposing vehicles. Use the Protection analysis feature in the hangar menu to analyse potential foes for their weak spots! Also, keep in mind that with increased armour thickness the number of shrapnel shrinks.

* '''L31A7''': HESH; a high-explosive squash head projectile works very differently from other shell types. It ignores any angle, except for ricochet, and deals damage by metal-flakes which are blown off inside the armour by the exterior explosion. To create this deadly shrapnel inside the tank, make sure to only hit armour plates which are a direct part of the interior crew compartment of the tank. Hitting exterior parts of a tank like spaced armour, the suspension, tracks etc. will not harm crew members/modules at all. Currently, only true armour thickness (as opposed to the line of sight thickness) will provide sufficient means of protection, benefiting the USSR turret designs and in general German tanks. Like all high-explosive shells, the fuse is very sensitive and can be set-off by most objects e.g. fences, trees, posts. The slow muzzle velocity of this shell can make it quite hard to hit targets at longer distances, but at the same time it can be handy because its arc trajectory allows it to land hits on enemies hiding behind shallow hills.

* '''L34''': Smoke; useful to blind enemy vehicles that are too remote for you to disable so that you can progress towards objectives.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot L15A3 || APDS || 320 || 315 || 305 || 294 || 280 || 270
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot L15A3 || APDS || 1,370 || 7.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| Shell L31A7 || HESH || 670 || 17.1 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 6,560 || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| L34 || 670 || 17.1 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo type
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''53''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 48 ''(+5)'' 52 ''(+1)'' || 45 ''(+8)'' 43 ''(+10)''|| 43 ''(+10)'' 31 ''(+22)''|| 37 ''(+16)'' 18 ''(+35)''|| 35 ''(+18)'' 14 ''(+39)''|| 33 ''(+20)'' 5 ''(+48)''|| 28 ''(+25)'' 1 ''(+52)''|| 23 ''(+30)'' N/A || 18 ''(+35)'' N/A || 14 ''(+39)'' N/A || 7 ''(+46)'' N/A || 3 ''(+50)'' N/A || 1 ''(+52)'' N/A || No
|-
|}
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
Notes:
* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of projectiles (yellow) and propellant bags (orange). Both have separate racks.
* Every propellant rack is encased by 5mm of {{Annotation|RHA|Rolled homogenous armour}}. In case of a successful penetration, the 5mm of RHA provide protection against shrapnel. It however may not be enough to stop a direct hit to the propellant rack.
* Projectile racks 10 to 13 and propellant racks 5 to 7 are first stage ammo racks. They total 18 shots and get filled first when loading up the tank.
* To go into battle with the front hull empty of ammunition, pack 18 ''(+35)'' shells (projectile racks 1 to 9 emptied / propellant racks 1 to 4 emptied).

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|L21A1 (12.7 mm)}}

The 12.7 mm L21A1 machine gun is specifically used to determine ranging for the main gun. While the game indicates a very short clip of 3 rounds, it is in fact more accurate to say that the MG only fires small bursts of 3 rounds. It is not fired alongside the other machine guns but through the "Fire from secondary guns" option (Controls > Ground Vehicles > Weaponry).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L21A1 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm L21A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 588 (3) || 300 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|L37A1 (7.62 mm)|L8A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The small calibre of the 7.62 mm machine gun makes them largely ineffective against all armoured vehicles but the ones with an open compartment.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L37A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L37A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (100) || 650 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L8A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L8A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

'''In long-range fight:''' 
The gun is very precise with all the shooting amelioration. Do not forget to protect the frame, it is fragile. The turret armour protects the tank well. Invest in camouflage plants, one or two seconds lost by the aiming enemy is time gained to eliminate the threat.

'''An aggressive way to play:''' 
The best targets are the German Leopards and all the Russian T-54/55/62 series. Shoot it on front frame, where the shells are, for an assured popcorn effect. Don't hesitate to try this on IS-3/4 or T26E1-1/T28/T29, only shell places change (front side or turret rear).

Other tanks could be easily knocked out with fuel tank or disabled in aiming crew member. Don't forget that reload time is the vehicle's best friend.

Be wary of the Chieftain's width, often the weak points are exposed when trying to turn the Chieftain.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Turret armour strong enough to bounce APDS, HEATFS and even some APDSFS shells
* Upper frontal plate is heavily sloped, providing adequate protection against same tier rounds
* Excellent reload time for a 120 mm (7.5s - 9.5s)
* Access to 320 mm penetrating APDS shells and HESH shells immediately
* 10 degrees of gun depression
* Has access to a dual plane stabilizer
* Includes an additional range finding .50 calibre machine gun that can be separately bound
* Unlike other British tanks, it has a respectable reverse speed
* Much faster and easier to handle than the Mk 3 model
* Very effective in a hull down position
* Excels in maps with a lot of open ground where it can go hull down effectively

'''Cons:'''

* Weak hull armour overall
* APFSDS can go through this tank easily
* The design of the tank only allows for a limited playstyle
* Does not like fighting in small maps
* Lower frontal plate is very poorly armoured and has an ammo rack behind it
* Very weak side and rear armour
* Ammo rack everywhere but can be mitigated by carrying only 24 rounds
* Small ammo variety (APDS or HESH only) means that it struggles with modern composite armour
* APDS deals minimal, punctual damage
* Slowest of all MBTs

== History ==

===Concept===
The idea of a "universal tank" began in Britain in 1944 when Montgomery and other influential people began advocating for a more standardized tank to replace the cruiser and infantry tank classes used on the field. Efforts did not start until after World War II under the General Staff designation A45, with development starting just as the new cruiser tank [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] started to enter military service. The A45 was cancelled in 1948 after development troubles and its inability to be used as a "universal" platform. Ironically, the Centurion proved to be a better "universal tank" platform than the A45.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

===Development===
The [[Centurion Mk 10|Centurion]] tank series was very successful in British and its allies' service, but the development of new Soviet armour such as the [[IS-3]] and [[T-54 (1951)|T-54/55]] caused the British tank arms race to take another leap forward. Development on the Centurion's successor began in 1951 under the name ''Medium Gun Tank No. 2''. The project's priority was gun and armour, but with mobility to be equal to the Centurion's and weight of fewer than 45 tons. The weight limit caused a program known as the Concept Study Programme to commence in order to find ways to keep the tank under that weight limit yet meet all the armour and firepower specifications. One of the concepts that came out was the usage of bagged charges, which was already in use on naval ships but was a new concept for tank ammunition. Thus, a gun using the bagged charge propellant system began development in 1954, along with a new specification by General Staff that the Medium Gun Tank No.2, now known as ''FV4201'', uses a conventional four crew tank with a turret and a better gun and armour than the Centurion. Though the [[Conqueror|Conqueror heavy tank]] was one such response to the firepower requirement, limited production cut that to only 200 units built.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

The biggest bump to the firepower of the FV4201 was the recommendation of a 120 mm calibre tank cannon. Though the Conqueror used a 120 mm, the new one would incorporate more innovative features such as the bagged charges. Other design features added was the usage of a Rolls-Royce V8 engine, an auxiliary engine, an automatic gearbox, and a reclining seat for the driver. The reclining seat was a very new feature in tank design as it reduced the vehicle's hull height and thus gave it a lower profile. Leyland Motors was assigned to be the main designer for the tank despite their commitment to the Centurion production lines. The manufacturing process of the tank was decided to be cast rather than welded. In 1957, several specifications added to the FV4201 impeded its attempt to fit in the specifications. A bigger turret was designed and it mounted IR equipment for night fighting. Troops requested more frontal and turret side armour, which along with the turret change caused an increase in the tank's overall weight. A controversial decision was also made in 1957 by NATO that tanks should have multi-fuel engines. The FV4201 installed a new engine conforming to these standards in 1958, a German engine derived from a Junkers Jumo aviation engine. This extended development time since the engine compartment had to be redesigned to fit the engine, raising the total tank weight to 50 tons. The engine, designated the L60, was received with a mixed reception by the Royal Armoured Corps (RAC) and other users due to its novel features. Britain stayed as the only user of a multi-fuel engine in the Cold War as many other nations found the concept impractical and abandoned it.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

As the FV4201 finalized its prototype stages, General Staff sent a revised specification for it. The tank was to have the firepower of the Conqueror with the mobility of the Centurion, an armour that maximizes the protection-weight ratio, a weight limit at 45 ton with a top speed of 26 mph and an operating range of 300 miles. The first wooden prototype was made in March 1959, with full prototypes ordered in June 1959 for troop trials. Vickers-Armstrong and Royal Ordnance Factory shared the manufacturing process and the first prototypes were built in January 1960. The first two prototype FV4201 was trialled in Germany alongside their new [[Leopard I|Leopard 1]]. The greatest issue with the FV4201 was the engine, which caused many failures due to vibration, a result of the flawed multi-fuel concept. Trials were delayed due to lack of parts to fix broken pieces and redesigns were requested to fix problems. After a lengthy trial period in 1962, the FV4201, now named the '''Chieftain''', was sent to the operational unit in Germany for service and combat trials. The Chieftain was finally accepted for service in 1st May 1963, despite the many faults in the design. The first deliveries of the improved and redesigned Chieftains began in mid-1965. These were the ''Chieftain Mk.1's'', which further revealed problems with the horsepower that the ''Mk.2'' was designed and sent in April 1966. The ''[[Chieftain Mk 3]]'' rolled out of the production lines in September 1969, it now weighed 53 tons and the L60 engine was producing 650 hp, still underpowered for the weight. Engine failures were still frequent and left the Chieftain with a sour note until the [[Chieftain Mk 5|Mk.5]] variant fixed these pressing issues with a new engine and NBC protection. The Mk.5 would be the main variant of the Chieftain in British service. During its production life from 1965 to 1985, a total of 2,265 Chieftains would be built by Britain, with about 1,000 used by the British Army.<ref name="DunstanChieftain">Dunstan Simon. ''Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2003</ref>

===Service===
The first British units to receive the Chieftains was the 1st and 5th Royal Tank Regiments back during the trials. The Chieftain, despite its initial engine flaws, proved to be combat-proof and could be upgraded to fit new requirements. Some of these upgrades were the addition of composite add-on armour to fight off new anti-tank technology such as the HEAT rounds. The Chieftain earned the title "most formidable tank in the world" during the 1960's Cold War period and also redefined the specifications of a "main battle tank". Its success is due to its novel main gun and heavily sloped armour, as well as satisfactory mobility and speeds able to compete with the Leopard 1. The Chieftain stayed in use by the British Army On the Rhine on the German border with the Warsaw Pact, which caused the Soviets to in turn station their best tanks such as their T-64's against the Chieftains. The British retained the Chieftains all the way until 1995 when it was replaced by the Challenger I.

The Chieftain was also successful in the export market, primarily in the Middle East to the hands of Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, and Oman. Another user of the Chieftain was Israel, with Britain initially agreeing to help set up production for locally produced Chieftains. Two Chieftains were sent for trials among the Israeli Defense Force in 1967. After two years of trials and deliberation for the acquirement of the Chieftains, Britain ultimately refused to offer the Israelis the Chieftain for political reasons. The Israeli trials benefit Britain with data on desert combat with the Chieftain, however, and the refusal did jump start Israel's tank program that would become the ''Merkava''.

Despite that, sales to the Middle East soared, with Iran being the major buyer of the Chieftains with at least 887 of mostly the MK3 and MK5 variants sent to them before their revolution in 1979. The Chieftain saw prolonged combat in the Middle East in the Iran-Iraq War, including Operation Nasr which was the largest tank vs. tank battle of the war where the Iranian Chieftains and [[M60A1 (AOS)|M60A1 Pattons]] fought against the Iraqi [[T-62]]s. After that war, the Chieftain in Kuwait then saw combat fighting the Iraqis during their invasion in 1990. Kuwait eventually replaced their Chieftains with the Yugoslavian M-84 tanks, which are a variant of the Soviet T-72s.

The Chieftain is still in service Iran, Jordan, and Oman in varying numbers, about 100 in Iran, 350 in Jordan, and 27 in Oman. The Chieftains underwent local upgrades to keep them up to date against a modern threat, which resulted in the Iran ''Mobarez'' Chieftain upgrade.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=uk_chieftain_mk_5 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Jw8eknm5rRc|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|l_091yu5mKg|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''|D3OF9IvtHLk|'''Tank Chats #34: Chieftain''' - ''The Tank Museum''}}

== See also ==

;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis
* [[Chieftain (Family)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role
* [[T-62]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Chieftain_(tank)|[Wikipedia] Chieftain (tank)]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/UK/chieftain.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> FV4201 Chieftain]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=83 <nowiki>[Military Factory]</nowiki> Chieftain MBT]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Britain medium tanks}}

ZUT-37

2021-01-26T16:29:50Z

U33751742: /* Armaments */ corrected crew qualification

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_zut_37
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet self-propelled anti-aircraft gun {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].

Despite its status as a SPAA, a 37 mm autocannon atop a T-70 chassis can lead the {{PAGENAME}} to perform a multi-role function as anti-aircraft and anti-armours as the selected ammunition permit.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has no hull armour difference from its base model [[T-70]]. However, given that the {{PAGENAME}} is currently 0.7 higher in battle-rating than the T-70, the hull armour may seem insufficient against the new types of enemies encountered.

The biggest downgrade in armour is the turret. While the T-70 can be somewhat comfortable with a 50 mm gun mantlet and 35 mm armour plates for the turret construction, the {{PAGENAME}} is composed of only 16 mm plates all-around. This means even heavy machine guns can penetrate and knock out the gunner in the turret. The open-top construction of the vehicle compounds the turret vulnerability by making artillery shrapnel and aircraft able to defeat the ZUT-37.

The gunner's vulnerability is hazardous for the {{PAGENAME}}'s lifespan as it only has two crew members, and so the gunner's incapacitation would lead to the vehicle's demise or transition into Crew Replenishment mode. These features would encourage a more subtle gameplay with the ZUT-37 to make the most of concealment and cover to reduce the threat of being shot from the ground or sky.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 35 mm (61°) ''Front glacis'' 45 mm (32-79°) ''Lower glacis'' 35 mm (54-70°) ''Driver's hatch'' || 15 mm (0-1°) || 10 mm (71°) ''Top'' 25 mm (41°) ''Bottom'' || 10 mm
|-
| Turret || 16 mm (22-53°) ''Turret front'' 16 mm (26-83°) ''Gun mantlet ''|| 16 mm (20-21°) || 16 mm (1-8°) || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick while tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 10 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 241|rbMinHp= 150|}}

The mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} is quite well with a top speed of 46 km/h and reverse speed of -6 km/h.

It has very good turning while on the move and fairly good turn rate when at a stop. Its acceleration is pretty good in comparison to some of the Rank II vehicles. 

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Sh-37 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Sh-37 (37 mm)|37 mm Sh-37]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 200 (5) || rowspan="2" | 260 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+77° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 6.60 || 9.14 || 11.10 || 12.28 || 13.06 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.46 || 5.25 || 6.37 || 7.05 || 7.50
|-
|}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s only armament is the 37 mm auto-cannon which has a starting reload time of around 6.5 seconds, which can be reduced down to 5 seconds with ace crew training.

It's extremely difficult to hit aircraft with this gun, especially since the magazine only holds five rounds and has a long reload time, but if the shells connect with an aircraft, it will do major amounts of damage if not knock it out of the sky.

It is best used at medium-long range and firing your 5 rounds slower than it can allow you so you can re-aim back on target. Otherwise, if you are in close range (less than 50 m), just fire off the whole magazine and run, looking for cover while waiting for the gun to reload. Remaining out in the open while reloading puts a large bulls-eye on the tank for anyone to attack.

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer shell}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer shell (self-destroying)}} - These rounds work well for either use (anti-air or against armour) until the others are researched. The only drawback is the decreased rate of fire.
* '''HEFI-T:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer shell (self-destroying)}} - These are absolutely devastating in the AA role with a good performance against open combat compartment vehicles.
* '''AP-T:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer shell}} - These are best against light tanks at close range and do good damage to planes. This round can punch through the side armour of a Panther I.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| OFZ || HEFI-T* || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
| BT || AP-T || 71 || 68 || 57 || 46 || 37 || 30
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| OFZ || HEFI-T* || 900 || 0.74 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 34 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| BT || AP-T || 880 || 0.76 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 21 ''(+19)'' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The ZUT-37 can be used in multiple roles, as a tank and as an AA battery. Its weapon has enough penetration for its BR to be used in light tank roles. It has very few rounds in each magazine, but if it hits it causes devastating damage to the plane.

One thing to take account when using the ZUT-37 is handling. The T-70 chassis is already somewhat unstable to drive, and this modification is not an improvement. It takes a considerable time for the suspension to settle from any substantial braking, leaving the vehicle unable to shoot accurately for some seconds. Is no use for shooting on the move because of this.

This vehicle also proves to be very helpful in SB or RB as a scout tank. The very good speed and acceleration allow you to quickly rush a contested point, or to quickly spot enemies once the round starts. Make sure to use the low profile to spot targets while moving through trenches or simply spotting over a small hill.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Quick and small allowing it to ambush other vehicles
* Has a quick-firing magazine
* When it hits a plane it easily rips it to shreds
* Can take a tank apart in a few seconds if used properly
* Punches through most of the armour it faces.

'''Cons:'''

* Fairly weak armour
* Two crew members, a well-aimed shot can take out both
* Longish reload making the vehicle vulnerable for around 6-7 seconds
* Not very good at short range attacks because it doesn't have much armour and can be outflanked with its slow turret rotation speed
* Cannot hit planes very well because of its slow turret rotation speed
* Can easily be destroyed if hit directly with artillery
* Prone to hull-break
* Open fighting compartment can allow for aerial attacks to knock out enemies

== History ==

In the Summer of 1942, the design bureau at Plant No.37 attempted to create an anti-aircraft tank. N.A. Popov had the tank design based on the light tank [[T-70]] and was supposed to mount a 37 mm gun Sh-37 gun autocannon originally developed for the IL-2 plane. constructed by Boris G. Shpitalny. The muzzle velocity of the gun was 1000 m/s with 200 rounds stored inside the tank, and the gun can fire at a rate of 170 - 185 rpm.

The ZUT-37 was capable of firing both at air and ground targets due to the equipping of a telescopic sight and red dot sighting on the tank. The gun traversed on two special racks. The vehicle was not put into production because of the unfavourable arrangement of the crew compartment and was shelved.

=== In-game description ===
The ZUT-37 anti-air tank was an enhanced version of the project by B. Shpitalny that was built in June, 1942 on the chassis of the T-70. The enhanced model underwent testing in December 1942 – January 1943. In general it passed the tests. Among the conclusions drawn from the results of the tests was the possibility of building an experimental batch of ZUT-37s once certain observations regarding the Sh-37 cannon had been rectified. However, this project was abandoned.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=ussr_zut_37 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|V9MwcVDYdeY|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''|PosWOnOGkSo|'''Best experimental vehicles''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 7:28 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/627 [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> ZUT-37]

{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}

Churchill I

2021-01-26T16:21:08Z

U33751742: /* Additional armament */ added crew qualification

{{About
| about = British heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Churchill (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_a_22_mk_1_churchill_1941
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (or just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]] along with the [[Vickers MBT]] and [[Chieftain Mk 5]] as an expansion to the British tech tree. Like the original model of the Churchill infantry tank, it has the substantial frontal armour able to withstand enemy shells.

The Churchill Mk I is one of the more capable heavy tanks at rank II. The tank has excellent frontal armour that can absorb and bounce shots. Tanks such as the [[Pz.III J1|Panzer III]], [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]], [[M4|M4 Sherman]], and even the dreaded [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IV F2]] can be blocked if angled. Very few tanks can deal with the Churchill Mk I effectively from the front, such as the [[M10 GMC|M10]] or [[Achilles]]. Its 2-pounder gun, however, is sub-par in dealing damage for its battle rating. It is of small calibre and low penetration and damage. Use its very fast reload to make follow-up shots to finish off enemies. Its secondary howitzer is also nearly useless as it only has HE shells.

The Churchill Mk I, despite being a heavy tank, is quite fast and can turn just as swiftly via neutral steering. However, a driver must be skilled to utilise this to the tank's advantage, as turning while in forward motion is slower than the neutral steer, which the enemy can take advantage of when flanking. The Churchill's engine is also easily damaged due to its large appearance.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Driver viewport, Machine gun area, Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 89 mm ''Front plate'' 89 + 89 mm ''Front plate (MG Port)'' 38 mm (63°) ''Front glacis'' 76.2 mm (19°) ''Lower glacis'' || 63.5 mm ''Overall side armour'' 76.2 mm ''Side hatch'' 38.1 mm ''Side edge'' || 50.8 mm 25.4 mm (68°) ''Bottom'' || 15.87 mm
|-
| Turret || 89 mm ''Turret front'' 89 mm (0-30°) ''Gun mantlet'' 18 mm (76°) ''Roof area'' || 76.2 mm || 76.2 mm || 18 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 19 mm thick.
* A 8 mm Structural steel plate separates the engine and crew compartment.
* 50mm internal mantlet that can be either a weakspot or an extra layer of armor
* The 8mm engine vents on the side of the tank lead directly to the engine and fuel tanks

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=452|rbMinHp=310}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|QF 2-pounder (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm QF 2-pounder]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 150 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 19.42 || 26.88 || 32.64 || 36.10 || 38.40 || rowspan="2" | 3.64 || rowspan="2" | 3.22 || rowspan="2" | 2.97 || rowspan="2" | 2.80
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.28 || 16.80 || 20.40 || 22.56 || 24.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 72 || 68 || 52 || 37 || 27 || 19
|-
| Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T || APCBC || 89 || 86 || 77 || 66 || 57 || 50
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 80 || 75 || 58 || 41 || 30 || 21
|-
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 66 || 62 || 49 || 36 || 26 || 20
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 792 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shot Mk.IXB APCBC/T || APCBC || 792 || 1.24 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 853 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 792 || 1.08 || 1.2 || 9 || 20.9 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Churchill_Mk_I.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''150''' || 110 ''(+40)'' || 80 ''(+70)'' || 58 ''(+92)'' || 36 ''(+114)'' || 26 ''(+124)'' || 16 ''(+134)'' || 1 ''(+149)'' || No
|-
|}

Center & turret empty: 58 ''(+92)''

==== Optics ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! Which ones
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| x1.85 || x3.5
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | [[T-34 (1940)]]
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I (76 mm)|76 mm OQF 3-inch Howitzer Mk I]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 58 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+9° || rowspan="2" | ±15° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.0 || 17.0 || 20.0 || 23.0 || 24.0 || rowspan="2" | 8.1 || rowspan="2" | 7.2 || rowspan="2" | 6.7 || rowspan="2" | 6.3
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.0 || 13.0 || 14.0 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 3-inch Mark II || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 3-inch Mark II || HE || 210 || 6.02 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 606 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| 3-inch Smoke || 210 || 3.18 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 8
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Churchill_Mk_I.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''58''' || 45 ''(+13)'' || 31 ''(+27)'' || 16 ''(+42)'' || 1 ''(+57)'' || No
|-
|}

Minimal load: 16 ''(+42)''

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,950 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

This tank can use a play style similar to the Matilda or a weaker Churchill III. It's best played up close, to make use of the armour and also gun. Since the tank is rather boxy, it's very good at angling. Unlike the Churchill III, it's gun isn't capable of taking on most other tanks of its rank. Its main role in the battlefield is to soak up and take shots, with its thick armour, that can withstand most tanks of its rank. In RB mode you will most likely have the Americans on your team, with the M10s and Shermans providing support for you. Main enemies for this tank would be the M10, the Achilles, and most Panzer IVs and StuGs.

The Churchill has heavy armour, especially when it is angled, but this certainly does not mean that it is invincible. In fact, there are a lot of guns around BR 3.0 that can destroy the Churchill, even at long range.

'''Germans:'''

* Almost every RB/SB battle the British will be facing them. By far the most lethal tanks are the Panzer IVs with the long barrel 75 mm. They can penetrate the Churchill Mk I frontally at long range. Later versions of the Panzer IV also have armour which the Churchill's 40 mm will really struggle to penetrate at long range, putting the Churchill at a big disadvantage. The same applies to any vehicle armed with the long barrel 75 mm gun, including the [[StuG III F]]/[[StuG III G|G]] and [[Marder III H]].
* The [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]] "Flak Truck" is a massive threat. The 88 mm gun will easily penetrate the Churchill, and the explosive mass will knock out all your crew. Your 40 mm is almost useless against the Flak Truck as it will have to take each crew member out individually. Luckily, the Churchill Mk I has access to the 75 mm howitzer, which provides well needed explosive firepower. Aim for the ammo box at the back to quickly dispatch the Flak Truck.
* Watch out for tanks armed with HEAT (such as Panzer III/IVs with the short-barreled 75 mm), as it has up to 100 mm penetration. The [[StuG III G]] is also dangerous, with a powerful HE round and a high penetration HEAT round. Luckily, these tanks will have to close in to shorter ranges to effectively attack the Churchill Mk I, as their guns have poor ballistics. This means that Churchill's 40 mm gun will be more effective. Also, watch out for the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2]] or [[Sd.Kfz.234/4]]. These are vehicles based on the Puma armoured car. The /2 has a 50 mm and the /4 has a 75 mm gun. Both are excellent flanking vehicles, extremely fast and potent. They will easily outflank the slow Churchill, and destroy you from your less-armoured sides.

'''Russians:'''

* At long range, the [[ZiS-30]] proves to be a real threat. it has a high penetration gun and is great at ambushing. Luckily, it has light armour and can be destroyed easily even with machine guns.
* Russian armour is a bigger threat. Tanks like the [[T-34 (Family)|T-34]] are highly resistant to the 2-pdr gun due to their steep sloping armour. The L-11 gun on the [[T-34 (1940)]] will struggle to penetrate the Churchill, but the F-34 gun found on post-1940 versions is much more effective. Below 500 m, the F-34 guns can destroy the Churchill with its potent BR-350B APHEBC rounds or APCR rounds (though they do less damage). An even bigger threat is the [[KV-1 (Family)|KV-1]] type tanks. A Churchill vs a [[KV-1 (L-11)]] can end in a stalemate situation, as both tanks will struggle to penetrate the other frontally. However, later KV-1 models have the ZiS 5 gun, which is pretty much identical to the F-34 gun found on the T-34. There is also the German premium KV-1B which has upgraded armour but a weaker gun, which is a dangerous opponent and quite common despite being a premium vehicle.
* When fighting the T-34's aim for their turret weakspots. On the T-34 (1940) and [[T-34 (1941)|(1941)]], aim for the flat spot on their sloped turret cheeks, or shoot below at the shot trap. This will either disable their turret crew or destroy them. When fighting the KV-1 frontally, you cannot do much damage against it unless you manage to get a lucky shot through their turret cheeks. Otherwise, let your teamates distract it, or use smokes, and flank so that you can shoot its thinner 75 mm sides.

'''Japanese:''' Be careful of the [[Ho-Ro]] with its massive howitzer, or the [[Chi-Nu]] with its powerful 75 mm gun. However, they don't have much armour and you will be able to destroy both relatively easily.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent armour
* Almost immune to small calibre guns
* Well armoured sides and a strong mantlet
* Extremely fast-firing 40 mm gun, you will pretty much always get another shot off before your enemy does
* Its size eliminates any recoil from the gun, making it easy to fire a second shot without losing any accuracy
* Ability to pivot steer
* Large suspension sides have side hits more likely to break tracks than penetrate the hull
* Incredibly hard to dislodge or destroy when properly angled
* Works well as the spearhead of an assault when capturing a point, absorbing damage
* Good acceleration

'''Cons:'''

* 40mm gun is ineffective against anything with sloped armour
* Shell Mk.1 AP/T with explosive mass has a low penetration of 66 mm
* 76mm gun only has HE, making it virtually useless against all but lightly armoured SPAAs
* Will lose a lot of speed when making a sharp turn in motion
* Has difficulties engaging other heavy tanks
* Up-gunned Panzer IVs ([[Pz.IV F2]], [[Pz.IV G]]) will penetrate your armour with ease
* Poor mobility when compared to other heavy tanks from other nations
* Terrible reverse speed
* Slow, will take a lot of time just to reach the combat zone from spawn points
* Frontal 50 mm weak spot (machine gun port)
* Roof armour is somewhat thin
* Priority target by planes due to size and bad reverse speed

== History ==

===Development===
The General Staff specification ''A20'' was implemented before World War II and was meant to replace the [[Matilda Mk II|Matilda II]] and [[Valentine Mk XI|Valentine]] infantry tanks. The specification was based around the British infantry tank doctrine and with the expectation that the coming war would be based off the World War I trench warfare, thus the tank was needed to travel across unfavorable terrain and able to destroy enemy defenses and infantry obstacles. As speed and heavy firepower was not taken with priority, the vehicle was to have two 2-pounder gun on side sponson mounts with a coaxial machine gun, with another machine gun and smoke dischargers on the front hull, armour was about 60 mm on the turret. Four prototypes were made by June 1940 by Harland and Wolff. The front hull would see an upgrade in armament with a 3-inch howitzer during the prototype stages, the 43 ton tank had a 300 hp Meadows engine from the Covenanter tank and was made the tank underpowered. The A20 project was cancelled with the Battle of France, which saw the emergency evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk that left a majority of their heavy equipment behind.

The Battle of France proved that the coming World War II was not going to be a stagnant battlefield like the trench warfare from World War I. The entire concept had to be redesigned and was done so by Henry Merrit, the director of Tank Design at Woolwich Arsenal. His new concept, the '''A22''' or '''Infantry Tank Mark IV Churchill''', was given to Vauxhall Motors in June 1940. War Office requested that the A22 be ready to enter production within the year due to growing pressure of a German invasion of Britain. The designs were ready in July 1940 and the first prototypes were made by December of the same year, production soon followed in June 1941. The rushed development was acknowledged in the company to being the cause of many faults and defects in the tank, but the demand by the government was so great that it must be carried out, with the expectation that the issues will be fixed during production. The Churchill tank suffered from an under-powered engine, weak armament, and mechanical issues. The weak armament from a 2-pounder was fixed with the arming of a 6-pounder on the Churchill, but the other issues caused poor performance of the Churchill in the battlefield. In fact, the Churchill production was almost cancelled in favor of the [[Cromwell V|Cromwell]] due to its issues, but its usage in the Second Battle of El Alamein proved its value and kept it in service.

The Churchill would carry on the rest of the war as one of the most versatile tank design in British service, serving in many specialist roles other than its tank role. Altogether, a total of 7,568 Churchill units produced from 1941 to 1945, with 5,968 as tanks.

===Variants===
The Churchill, used in a multitude of roles, is made into many different variants. 12 different kinds of tank variants were produced for combat roles, with 11 more variants in specialized roles ranging from armoured personnel carrier, a bridge-layer, mine clearer, a [[3 inch Gun Carrier]], flamethrower tank, and an armoured recovery vehicle.

===Combat usage===
The Churchill tank was first used in the Dieppe Raid in August 1942. While it was really a test on how an opposed landing would work, the 60 Churchill tanks to support the Canadian units suffered from mechanical issues, and those that did work are not able to penetrate past the sea wall due to impassable defenses. None of the Churchill tanks that landed returned from the beaches and with a 70% casualty rate, the raid's attempt to establish a beachhead was a failure.

The next use of the Churchill was in North Africa during the Second Battle of El Alamein. At this point, the Churchills have been upgraded to the '''Mk.III''' variants with 6-pounders as their main armament. The detachment, code named "King Force", help supported the 7th Motor Brigade in their attack. The Churchills were fired upon by many German anti-tank weapons, but none were taken out with only one receiving note worthy damage. "King Force", as a test bed for the feasibility of Churchills operating in the desert environment, was disbanded with the establishment of the 25th Army Tank Brigade with the Churchills to see action in February 1943 in Tunisia. In the German offensive Operation Ochsenkpf, two Churchill Mk.III from the 51st Royal Tank Regiment came across an entire German transport column that they ambushed. The end result was a loss of twelve artillery pieces, 25 wheeled vehicles, two [[Pz.III J|Panzer III]]s and 200 casualties on the German side with no losses for the British. The Churchill also played a key role in the Battle of Longstop Hill, where Churchill tanks in the 48th Royal Tank Regiment faced off with Germany's newest heavy tank [[Tiger H1|Tiger I]]. Though suffering losses, a lucky 6-pounder shot from the Churchill ended up jamming the Tiger's turret and turret ring that injured the crew, forcing them to abandon the tank. The Tiger tank was captured by the British for intelligence purpose on Germany's armoured forces. The Tiger Tank is named Tiger 131.

After the North African campaign, the Churchill began to see widespread usage in the British army as a support unit for the infantry. The Churchill saw much more operation hours than any other British tank in service. It was at this point that the Churchill Mk.III began a conversion into the 75 mm guns that were used on the American [[M4|M4 Sherman]] tanks. These conversions, known as ''NA75'', proved to be more efficient than the Shermans and were used more effectively. Some Churchills were also converted into close support vehicles with 95 mm howitzers as their main armaments. In response to the growing German anti-tank firepower in the later years of World War II, the Churchill tanks were also upgraded in armour by a large degree, though their engines were also upgraded to compensate for the additional weight. The [[Churchill Mk VII|Churchill Mk.VII]], for example, has armour ranging up to 152 mm thick in the front, in comparison to the Mk.III 89 mm thick front hull. The Churchills also saw service in Europe during Operation Overlord. At the time, it was considered that the Churchill would become severely outdated with the growing tank technology, so an experimental program under specification A43, otherwise known as the [[Black Prince|Black Prince]], to uparmour and upgun the Churchill. While this experimented seem fruitful, the development of more agile tanks with the same level of protection and armament such as the [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] rendered the project obsolete.

The Churchills were also given out to the Allies to help combat the Axis forces. The Australian Army received a handful of Churchills for testing alongside the M4 Sherman with the Matilda II as the basis, to which proved that the Churchill was superior in jungle warfare. Of the 510 Churchills ordered by the Australians in the war, only 46 arrived in time and were not used in the Pacific War, the rest were cancelled with the end of World War II. The USSR also used the Churchills given by the British as part of the Lend-Lease act. 301 Churchills were sent, but 43 were lost to the sea by German naval forces. Of those that arrived, the Soviets gave the Churchills to the 5th Guards Tank Army in the Battle of Prokhorovka during the Kursk Offensive.

After World War II, the Churchill stuck around in the British Army until the Korean War, where the British sent the Churchill Crocodile Squadron (C squadron of the 7th Royal Tank Regiment) to Korea to fight with the Allied coalition. They fought as gun tanks in battle such as the Third Battle of Seoul. The Churchills were instrumental in some victories and were widely praised by both British and American forces and historians. After the Korean war, the Churchills remains in combat service until 1952, with the specialized bridge-layer variant stayin until the 1970s. The Irish Army also received three Churchill tanks in 1948 and another in 1949 as rentals until 1954, where they were purchased after trials with the vehicles. Despite running out of spare parts for the Churchill, the Irish Army took them in and experimented with using different engines to keep them functional, though this ended with a failure and by 1967, only one was still functional. All were retired in 1969 and one was preserved at the Curragh Camp.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=heavy_tank&vehicle=uk_a_22_mk_1_churchill_1941 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|gR3JPNt0iPw|'''Heavyweight brits''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:32 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4793-vehicle-profile-a22-churchill-mk-i-first-of-its-breed-en|[Vehicle Profile] A22 Churchill Mk I - "First of Its Breed"]]

{{Britain heavy tanks}}

EC-665 Tiger UHT

2021-01-17T02:04:17Z

U33751742: /* Usage in battles */ added video at the request of the video's author

{{Specs-Card
|code=tiger_uht
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German attack helicopter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Heli-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 268 || 256 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}}
|-
! Upgraded
| 308 || 303
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Heli-Armour}}


The armour on this helicopter consists of 20 mm composite AMAP-AIR surrounding the cockpit and protecting the pilot and gunner. Both the pilot and the gunner sit on 5 mm thick Kevlar seats. Finally, there is an additional 8 mm of steel separating the the two engines.

The fuel and transmission sit in the middle of the aircraft, between the gunner and the engine. There is no armour protection for the transmission and fuel, and their placement in the middle of the helicopter make them vulnerable to enemy fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Heli-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Heli-Suspended}}

{{main|AIM-92 Stinger|HOT-3|PARS 3 LR|FFAR Mighty Mouse|FN M3P (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine guns (500 rpg = 1,000 total)
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 19 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine guns + 6 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 22 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 8 x HOT-3 missiles
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 4 x HOT-3 missiles
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 4 x HOT-3 missiles + 3 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles
* 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles + 38 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine guns + 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles + 19 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine guns + 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles + 6 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles + 22 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 8 x HOT-3 missiles + 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 4 x HOT-3 missiles + 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 4 x HOT-3 missiles + 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles + 3 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 8 x PARS 3 LR missiles
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 4 x PARS 3 LR missiles
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 4 x PARS 3 LR missiles + 3 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 4 x PARS 3 LR missiles + 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles
* 1 x 12.7 mm FN M3P machine gun + 4 x PARS 3 LR missiles + 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles + 3 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 8 x PARS 3 LR missiles + 4 x AIM-92 Stinger missiles

== Usage in battles ==

==== '''Overview''' ====
The EC-665 Tiger UHT is a great tank hunting helicopter, enabled through the help of its superb avionics, electronics, optronics and one-of-a-kind Anti-tank guided missiles PARS 3 LR. Although the playstyle is similar to its predecessors, the Tiger UHT is quite unlike other helicopters previously found in its tech tree. With the addition of all-new MAW, thermal optics, air to air missiles and unique Heat-seeking anti-tank guided missiles. the EC-665 Tiger UHT presents the leading edge of anti-tank helicopters. With support from friendly fighters occupying hostile aircraft and helicopters, the Tiger UHT can singlehandedly wipe out entire teams on the ground, even the latest Anti-air vehicles have great difficulty taking out a Tiger UHT when piloted accordingly.

==== '''Air to Air combat''' ====
Although possible, the Tiger UHT should avoid actively hunting other helicopters and especially aircraft(unless unavoidable), as it is far more important to prioritize hunting ground targets instead. If required, the Tiger UHT is equipped with 4 Stinger heat-seeking missiles that work best against slow-flying targets within 750m-5km with 2km being the optimal launch distance. With an all aspect locking seeker, the missile can engage aircraft directly coming towards it, however, this is limited to a maximum distance of roughly 4km.

==== '''Short-range anti tank combat''' ====
Just like air combat, close-range anti-tank combat is not a very viable option, the 38 mighty mouse rockets or 12.7mm gun pods don't present a great tool to destroy anything that isn't soft targets. In case rockets are used, a ballistics computer assists with landing precise hits.

==== '''Long-range anti-tank combat''' ====
For the Tiger UHT, there are 2 choices of anti-tank guided missiles Hot-3 and Pars 3 LR. To cut it short for Hot-3, although having the highest penetration of any armament in-game, it does not perform well due to its very lacking 4.3km range. Pars 3 LR however, is the spotlight of the Tiger UHT, with its unique ability to home in on the target on its own after launch, allowing the pilot to seek cover immediately after firing the missile. The only disadvantage to the missile is the requirement to lock the target beforehand, which isn't fairly important due to the 1-second warm-up timer. This also allows all 8 missiles to be fired within 10 seconds at either the same or 8 different targets at once.

====== Engaging ground targets with Pars 3 LR ======
[[File:Pars_3_LR_demonstration.mp4|right|thumb|x300px|Engagement of multiple tank targets using Pars 3 LR]]
When picking out targets to engage, there are a few criteria to be checked to ensure a good hit. Targets that are moving towards cover such as buildings, terrain or smoke or stand behind bushes (not bushes as 3D decor). The task of finding targets is severely improved through the optics being mounted above the main rotor overseeing the entire helicopter and being equipped with thermal/night vision systems. This allows for great viewing angles of over -60° to 60° in the horizontal plane, and -40° to 10° in elevation.

An important feature about Pars 3 LR is the infrared seeker, being able to engage aircraft and especially helicopters too. Although not reliable due to the lack of a proximity fuse, this can be a live saver when fighting at ranges that exceed the range of Stinger.

====== Altitude is key - Fighting against and around anti air ======
In almost all cases, the Tiger UHT will face anti-air, especially missile-based systems. For these kinds of threats, there are multiple layers of protection against these types of threats. The first one being the radar warning receiver, informing about any radar pings or locks from hostile as well as friendly anti-air. For best results, it is highly advised to differentiate how many pings are picked up, and how many friendly radar-equipped anti-air units are present so that one can prepare for possible attacks. Although a radar lock can be a giveaway if anti-aircraft is active, a missile warning system is installed in addition to the radar warning system. It will inform you if any type of missile has been launched at the Tiger UHT, either ground or air-based missiles. Following the missile warning, multiple ways of evasion and countermeasures can be deployed and used, commonly being flares, quickly lowering altitude, changing the direction of flight, bringing hard cover between the helicopter and launch direction.

The most important part about defending against missile systems is altitude, in cases when the missile is below 25 meters over the ground, which will disable the proximity fuse until it reaches above 25 meters again, greatly limiting its effectiveness against low flying/hovering helicopters. This can be used to reliably evade missiles when no hard cover such as a hill is available.

==== Conclusion ====
When deployed properly, the Tiger UHT is a great addition to any lineup. What it lacks against aircraft, it will quickly make up against any ground targets or helicopters.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Optic is mounted above the rotor, has the ability to only expose the optic and fire on enemies
* Wide viewing angles on the Optics allow for instant target acquisition and engagement
* Fire-and-forget ATGMs
* Very manoeuvrable
* Has RWR and MAW
* Low thermal signature
* Thermal sight
* Stingers and PARS-3 can be used against aircraft

'''Cons:'''

* With the optic mounted above the rotor looking down you will see the rotor spinning
* Only hardpoint mounted machineguns
* No radar
* IR missiles will loose lock through smoke and obstacles
* Stinger is not effective against fast moving targets greatly limiting self-defence against aircraft
* Only 8 ATGMs compared to its contemporaries with 12 or even 16 ATGMs

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the helicopter in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Eurocopter Tiger UHT WTWallpaper 001.jpg
File:Eurocopter Tiger UHT WTWallpaper 002.jpg
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ADl4WeY-R2A|'''The Shooting Range #167''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the Eurocopter Tiger.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the helicopter;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6338-development-eurocopter-tiger-pouncing-on-the-prey-en|[Development] Eurocopter Tiger: Pouncing on the Prey]]

{{AirManufacturer Eurocopter}}
{{Germany helicopters}}

File:Fulda (Assault Strat).png

2021-01-16T16:47:19Z

U33751742:

Assault Mode

2021-01-16T16:47:01Z

U33751742: /* Ground Assault Mode */ changed locations in the Fulda strategy to reflect on the image

Assault Mode is a cooperative game mode for aircraft, ground vehicles and helicopters where players fight against the AI.
The main objective is to defend the base from several waves of enemies. Team can consist of up to 10 players.
This game mode uses the damage and flight models, and other mechanics, from Arcade Battles (including rearming in flight). There is no limit for how many times players can spawn the same vehicle, so it is possible to bring only one.

Unlike in other modes, it is required to pay SL to spawn in the vehicle (0.8 x the vehicle's AB repair cost), instead of when the player's vehicle is destroyed.
Rewards are given based on how long the player survives the mission. In addition, the player's first battle of the day gives a special reward depending on the mission length (how many waves have been defeated).
The minimal required amount of points in a battle to get the full reward (RP and SL amount) is 1,500, everyone after reaching it will get the same amount of RP and SL. The best reward that is possible to get is a 300% SL or RP booster and a universal backup for any vehicle.

== Levels in Assault Mode ==
=== Air Assault mode ===
Depending on the BR of the aircraft being used, there are five level in Air Assault battles:

:* The first level includes aircraft with a BR of between 1.0 and 2.3.
:* The second level includes aircraft with a BR of between 2.7 and 3.7.
:* The third level includes aircraft with a BR of between 4.0 and 5.0.
:* The fourth level includes aircraft with a BR of between 5.3 and 6.3.
:* The fifth level includes aircraft with a BR of 6.7+.

Players can still use aircraft with a battle rating lower than the indicated range. For example, it is possible to use propeller-driven fighters in the highest rank battles.

=== Ground Assault mode ===
Depending on the BR of the ground vehicle or helicopter being used, there are six ranks in Ground Assault battles:

:* The first level includes tanks with a BR of between 1.0 and 2.3.
:* The second level includes tanks with a BR of between 2.7 and 3.7.
:* The third level includes tanks with a BR of between 4.0 and 5.0.
:* The fourth level includes tanks with a BR of between 5.3 and 6.3.
:* The fifth level includes tanks with a BR between 6.7 and 8.0.
:* The sixth level includes tanks and helicopters with a BR of 8.3+.

== Air Assault ==
=== Objective ===
Players use aircraft to defend the base at the centre of the map which is located under the spawn zone. The AI can use three unit types: bombers, attackers, and ground artillery units.
The number of active players affects the amount of AI units which is being spawned by the game, for example when there are only five players then the game will spawn only half of the normal amount of planes.

The total amount of waves is 15. The remaining amount of waves to spawn for the mission is shown in the bottom-left corner to the right side of the other indicators.
The next wave appears when all planes are either destroyed or the time counter between waves reaches 0 (it is reset every time a new wave appears). The time counter's start value decreases as the mission progresses, so waves of enemies will appear faster and at the end it is possible to fight two at the same time.

=== Waves ===
Waves can be composed of (B) bombers or (A) attackers and in some cases it is (R) random (there's a 50% chance of getting either bombers or attackers).
Bombers spawn 20 kilometres away from the base position at 3,500 metres altitude and they fly in a straight line towards their target.
Attackers also spawn 20 kilometres from the base but at much lower altitude - 1,500 metres. Just before reaching the base, they start to dive to drop their bombs, and they can still be intercepted during that action.

A table showing when and what type of units spawn during the mission:

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! colspan="16" | Waves
|-
! Wave
| style="width:6%" | 1
| style="width:6%" | 2
| style="width:6%" | 3
| style="width:6%" | 4
| style="width:6%" | 5
| style="width:6%" | 6
| style="width:6%" | 7
| style="width:6%" | 8
| style="width:6%" | 9
| style="width:6%" | 10
| style="width:6%" | 11
| style="width:6%" | 12
| style="width:6%" | 13
| style="width:6%" | 14
| style="width:6%" | 15
|-
! Type
| B || A || R || B || A || R || B || A || R || B || A || R || A || R || B
|-
|}

The number of spawned units can vary depending on battle level (1-5) and number of beaten waves, the more of them that are destroyed, the more enemies that spawn and their number will be increased up to 4 times per battle (it happens every 3-4 destroyed waves).

=== Artillery units ===
The artillery units use different mechanics to the bombers and attackers. Though they do not have the range to directly damage the main base, they instead regularly remove points from the base's health pool. This pool is shown in the bottom-left corner next to the artillery icon.
The points decrease for as long as artillery units remain alive and the battle ends when the base's health reaches 0.

Spawn of artillery units is random and can happen from the second wave, but its chance for spawn gets higher every wave. Once they appear, they will not spawn again until the 8th wave, at which time the random chance to spawn is reset and they are able to spawn again.

=== Enemy types ===
Depending on level, the game spawns different units, the higher is the level of battle the harder they are to destroy.

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== Ground Assault ==
=== Objective ===
Players use ground vehicles and helicopters to defend the zone on the map centre from incoming waves of enemy tanks.
Helicopters are allowed only in the top tier bracket (BR 8.3+).

The main objective is to not let the enemy units capture the area on the centre of map and slow them down as much as possible. If the AI units manage to enter the capture zone, it will start to flash and the team will start to lose tickets, the more AI that enter it, the more tickets the team loses.
The enemy units slow down upon entering the zone, and their shooting accuracy is also lowered.
After successfully defending the zone and destroying enemy waves your team regain a small amount of lost tickets. The battle is lost once the team's tickets reaches 0.
The counter in the bottom-left corner shows the remaining amount of waves to beat (including current one).

Destroying enemy planes is optional but highly recommended, some of them are equipped with weapons that can destroy player's vehicle in a single attack.
Sometimes a pickup can appear outside the zone, it can repair the tank and replenish its ammunition.
The number of active players affects the amount of AI units which is being spawned by the game.

=== Waves ===
Waves can be composed of four unit types: light tanks, medium tanks, slightly better medium tanks, and heavy tanks. Every wave, two planes are also spawned which attack ground units and player controlled helicopters.
In top tier assault battles, SPAA units can also appear, they will engage only flying units. Usually the game spawns one SPAA unit per player in a helicopter, their range is so large that they can reach players very soon after they leave the helipad. SPAA units spawn during the 2nd, 5th, 8th and 11th wave and it happens 20 seconds after the tanks start to appear.
Spawn position of ground units is random, they always spawn from seven different predetermined directions.

Some enemy ground units can attack player controlled helicopters by using their roof mounted machine guns, such as the Russian tanks on Kursk map.
The accuracy of the AI remains very high even when driving at full speed.

''Note: It is a viable tactic to destroy track of the front most vehicles to make them stop, but keep in mind that they can repair damaged parts, including the engine and extinguish parts that are set on fire.''

A table showing when and what type of units spawn during the mission (Light (L), Medium (M), Intermediate (MH), Heavy (H) and (S) Air Cover (in top tier battles)):

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! colspan="16" | Waves
|-
! Wave
| style="width:8%" | 1
| style="width:8%" | 2
| style="width:8%" | 3
| style="width:8%" | 4
| style="width:8%" | 5
| style="width:8%" | 6
| style="width:8%" | 7
| style="width:8%" | 8
| style="width:8%" | 9
| style="width:8%" | 10
| style="width:8%" | 11
|-
! Type
| L || M + S || H || M || MH || H || L + S || MH || H || MH + S || H
|-
|}

The amount of spawned units can vary depending of battle level (1-6) and amount of beaten waves, the more of them are destroyed the more of enemies are spawning and the game increases their number up to 4 times per battle (that happens every 3-4 destroyed waves).

=== Enemy types ===
Depending on level, the game spawns different units, the higher is the level of battle the harder they are to destroy.

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Air Support
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{{Tree-Unit|us_m26_pershing}}
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{{Tree-Unit|douglas_ad_2}}
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{{Tree-Unit|uk_charioteer_mk_7}}
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{{Tree-Unit|uk_a_34_comet}}
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{{Tree-Unit|uk_centurion_mk_1}}
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{{Tree-Unit|sea_fury_fb11}}
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{{Tree-End}}

As a result of the low numbers of ground vehicles at top tier for some nations like Japan or France, the map pool at such level is limited to only USA, Great Britain, USSR, Germany. Nevertheless, a new map, Fulda, is incorporated which utilizes varied vehicles from different nations, representing the real-world {{Annotation|NATO*|North Atlantic Treaty Organization}}.

{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc; width: 1%;"|{{Tree-Skip|40px}}<center>'''Vehicle{{Tree-Skip|1px}}Type'''</center>
|style="border-left: solid 2px #cccccc; width: 17.3%;"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:USA flag.png|70px|link=Category:USA_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|6px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Ardennes.jpg|135px|link=Ardennes_(Ground_Forces)]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc; width: 17.3%;"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:Britain flag.png|70px|link=Category:Britain_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Sinai.jpg|135px|link=Sinai]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc; width: 17.3%;"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:USSR flag.png|70px|link=Category:USSR_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Kursk.jpg|135px|link=Kursk_(Ground_Forces)]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc; width: 17.3%;"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:FRG flag.png|70px|link=Category:Germany_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Mozdok.jpg|135px|link=Mozdok_(Ground_Forces)]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc; width: 17.3%;"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:NATO flag.png|70px|link=]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Fulda.jpg|135px]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line|Level 6 - (8.3+)}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" align="center"|
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Light
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Medium
{{Tree-Skip|23px}}
Intermediate
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Heavy
{{Tree-Skip|23px}}
Air Support
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Air Cover
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{{Tree-Unit|us_t95e1}}
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{{Tree-Unit|us_m247}}
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{{Tree-Unit|uk_chieftain_mk_5}}
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{{Tree-Unit|uk_challenger_mk_3}}
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{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_64_b_1984}}
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{{Tree-Unit|ussr_zsu_23_4}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_I_a1}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_kpz_70}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a4}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a5}}
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{{Tree-Unit|mig-15bis_nr23_german}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_flakpz_I_Gepard}}
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{{Tree-Unit|us_m551}}
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{{Tree-Unit|uk_challenger_mk_3}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a5}}
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{{Tree-End}}

= Strategies =
== Air Assault Mode ==
=== General Advices ===

=== [[File:USSR_flag.png|x42px]] [[Berlin_(Air_Forces)|Berlin]] ===

=== [[File:Britain_flag.png|x42px]] Norway ===

=== [[File:USA_flag.png|x42px]] Ruhr ===

=== [[File:France_flag.png|x42px]] Sicily ===

=== [[File:Germany_flag.png|x42px]] Stalingrad ===

=== [[File:Italy_flag.png|x42px]] Tunisia ===

=== [[File:Japan_flag.png|x42px]] Zhengzhou ===

== Ground Assault Mode ==
=== General Advices ===

It is recommended to bring vehicles with a good to decent rate-of-fire, and high damage. Armour may be helpful, but one shouldn't rely too much on it. Speed is also helpful for maneuvring, especially on Ardennes, but slow tanks can still perform decently well. High penetration is optional: vehicles with low penetration are advised to flank.

'''Smoke Grenades & Smoke Shells'''

Shooting smoke shells or using smoke grenades around bots inside the square is heavily unadvised. It prevents other players from spotting and shooting AI. When using smoke grenade to take cover, it is recommended to back out of other teammates' lines of fire first. If the player is unable to retreat in such situation, it is recommended to consider respawning instead of using smoke grenades.

'''Fighters and Attackers'''

When getting the option to use a plane, it is unadvised to use it right away. AI aircrafts don't generally pose a serious threat compared to AI tanks. However if the team lacks a SPAA to shoot the planes down, it still is heavily unadvised for a player to spawn a fighter during a "''heavy''" wave. It is more suited to spawn a bomber or an attacker in such situation while leaving the task of killing the enemy planes for a "''lighter''" wave.
Attack aircraft are also generally less effective than heavy bombers (bombs are generally more effective than rockets and guns). One should consider saving the points instead for a bomber.

'''Helicopters'''

Level 6 (8.3+) offers players the choice of using helicopters alongside their ground vehicles. While helicopters can be very effective at destroying ground vehicles, they remain vulnerable to either AI's tanks' machine guns or by SPAA which can spawn repeatedly and, as mentioned previously, they open fire from a considerable range. Due to the SPAA's stationary nature, it is advised to use guided Anti-Tank missiles to deal with SPAAs while one maneuvres their helicopter to avoid fire. However due to the low ammunition count of ATGMs, this tactic can pose a problem when it comes to attacking tanks, as such it is advised to use unguided rockets, which helicopters can bring plentiful of, as well as Armour-Piercing ammunition for canons to engage tanks.
Helicopters are also able to reload without the need of returning to the airfield, such reload is affected

=== [[File:USA_flag.png|x42px]] [[Ardennes_(Ground_Forces)|Ardennes]] ===
[[File:Ardennes_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Ardennes_(Ground_Forces)|Ardennes]]]]
Ardennes offers a lot of options and cover: such advantage make it a favorite among players.
* Location 1 is a heavily recommended spot. It provides good hull-down cover as well as offering tanks flexibility in engagements due to its close proximity with the base.
* Location 2 is recommended for countering the eastern B waves.
* Locations 3 and 4 are able to counter the A northern waves, however players may find it more difficult to reach such position as well as not providing enough flexibility in engagements due to its remote location from the base.
* Location 5 is recommended to counter the western waves, however players can be left exposed to enemies coming from the southeast.
* Location 6 is only recommended if the player's vehicle has a strong turret armour in order to take advantage of the the hull-down position.

=== [[File:Britain_flag.png|x42px]] [[Sinai|Sinai]] ===
[[File:Sinai_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Sinai|Sinai]]]]
Unlike Ardennes, Sinai is considered among the hardest maps among players. Cooperation is crucial due to the open terrain.
* Locations 5, 6, and 7 are heavily recommended since they can cover the most possible waves. It is also recommended to spawn as soon as possible at the start of the match due to the short time given to get to the aforementioned places before the first wave: in case a player is unable to find cover when the first wave spawns, it is likely to get quickly sniped by the enemy tanks.
* Players that prefer to play safer or are unable to reach the aforementioned locations on time, are recommended to go to location 1. However, the rocks nearby the base can become a nuisance when shooting at the enemy. Such place can also take very few players at the same time.
* Locations 2, 3, and 4 are very situational: due to the limited cover, players are advised to often relocate from such positions based on where the enemy waves are coming from.

=== [[File:USSR_flag.png|x42px]] [[Kursk_(Ground_Forces)|Kursk]] ===
[[File:Kursk_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Kursk_(Ground_Forces)|Kursk]]]]
Unlike other maps, enemies in Kursk only comes in a 180° arc instead of from all directions. However, the map offers very little cover outside of the base, therefore most of the advised locations are positioned inside the base.
* Location 1 allows players to counter A, B, and C paths while remaining hull-down.
* Location 5 is advised to flank the F path.
The other locations are defensive places. However, if the player's vehicle cannot penetrate enemies frontally, they are advised to charge out at the AI once they approach the base.

=== [[File:Germany_flag.png|x42px]] [[Mozdok_(Ground_Forces)|Mozdok]] ===
[[File:Mozdok_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Mozdok_(Ground_Forces)|Mozdok]]]]
Unlike Kursk, Mozdok offers a lot of cover for players to spread out, as such they are advised to take advantage of positions outside the base.
* Location 1 is strategically recommended to counter enemies coming from North: in particular A, B, and G paths.
* Location 2 is the most versatile location. It will counter C and D, as well as allowing players to shoot at enemies coming from A, B, and G once they reach the base.
* Locations 3, 4, and 5 are situational, depending on where the enemies spawn. They are very exposed in some directions and should only be used as needed. Location 5 in particular is useful for countering D, E, and F.
* Location 6 is for countering E and F, they allow players to counter the north and south-western paths quickly.
* Location 7 can be useful with enemies coming from A or G, however it leaves players exposed to enemies spawning at B or C.

=== [[File:Japan_flag.png|x42px]] [[Emperors_Garden_Map|Emperor's Garden]] ===
[[File:Emperors_Garden_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Emperors_Garden_Map|Emperor's Garden]]]]
Due to the open nature of the map, Emperor's Garden is also considered among the hardest maps. However, unlike Sinai, the lack of considerable armour on Japanese tanks provides an advantage for players.
* The western waves ( A ) can be countered by having people at Locations 1, 2, and 3 . Locations 2 and 3 can also effectively counter the north-eastern waves ( B ).
* The south-eastern wave ( C ) cannot be adequately dealt with from any of those locations, although from location 3, players can engage some of the tanks depending on the size of both the player’s and enemy’s tanks. Location 4 is heavily recommended to counter the south-eastern wave. Players are also advised to prioritize that wave for air strikes.
* The eastern flank is a lot more open in nature, therefore there is no recommended location to effectively counter it.

=== [[File:France_flag.png|x42px]] [[Maginot_Line_(Ground_Forces)|Maginot Line]] ===
[[File:Maginot_Line_(Assault_Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Maginot_Line_(Ground_Forces)|Maginot Line]]]]
* Usually, enemies coming from path A pose serious threat, however players can effectively use location 1 to counter enemies coming down this path. This location also provides cover and allows players to go hull down against all the other waves, however players may require to shoot at moving targets over 1 km in order to maximize the use of this place against waves D, E, F, and G.
* Locations 2 and 3 are considerably difficult to reach, however they can provide decent cover with buildings. Players can effectively counter B and C from such position.
* Location 4 is the northern counterpart of 1. It is an excellent ambush location and can cover all the paths with exception of the A path.
* Location 5 incorporates excellent cover, through a channel dug in between some mounds, as well as being reasonably close to the base. Players using slow tanks are advised to use such position. However, enemies coming from G may pose a threat to players..
* The bunker in location 6 provides excellent cover. Its location inside the cap circle allows player to effectively resupply the player, as such it is a heavily recommended spot for players utilizing vehicles with an autoloader. However, players will have to change their position around the bunker according to the waves.

=== [[File:NATO_flag.png|x42px]] [[Fulda_(Ground_Forces)|Fulda Gap]] ===
[[File:Fulda_(Assault_Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Fulda_(Ground_Forces)|Fulda]]]]
* The Location 1 provides excellent cover, and can be used to engage and get flanking shots on the waves above the dotted red line. However, such location prevents players from engaging enemies coming from the south or southeast section of the map.
* The base, located at location 2, provides decent cover. However players will require a gun with high penetration in order to penetrate heavily armored enemies such as Leopards 2A5 or M1A2.
* Location 3 lies directly underneath the flightpath of the enemy fighters, F-84s, equipped with Tiny Tims. It is the ideal location for SPAAs. It also is an excellent countering position for enemies coming from the south.

[[Category:Game_modes]]

Assault Mode

2021-01-16T15:52:48Z

U33751742: added strategies sections for air and ground and filled the ground strategies section.

Assault Mode is a cooperative game mode for aircraft, ground vehicles and helicopters where players fight against the AI.
The main objective is to defend the base from several waves of enemies. Team can consist of up to 10 players.
This game mode uses the damage and flight models, and other mechanics, from Arcade Battles (including rearming in flight). There is no limit for how many times players can spawn the same vehicle, so it is possible to bring only one.

Unlike in other modes, it is required to pay SL to spawn in the vehicle (0.8 x the vehicle's AB repair cost), instead of when the player's vehicle is destroyed.
Rewards are given based on how long the player survives the mission. In addition, the player's first battle of the day gives a special reward depending on the mission length (how many waves have been defeated).
The minimal required amount of points in a battle to get the full reward (RP and SL amount) is 1,500, everyone after reaching it will get the same amount of RP and SL. The best reward that is possible to get is a 300% SL or RP booster and a universal backup for any vehicle.

== Levels in Assault Mode ==
=== Air Assault mode ===
Depending on the BR of the aircraft being used, there are five level in Air Assault battles:

:* The first level includes aircraft with a BR of between 1.0 and 2.3.
:* The second level includes aircraft with a BR of between 2.7 and 3.7.
:* The third level includes aircraft with a BR of between 4.0 and 5.0.
:* The fourth level includes aircraft with a BR of between 5.3 and 6.3.
:* The fifth level includes aircraft with a BR of 6.7+.

Players can still use aircraft with a battle rating lower than the indicated range. For example, it is possible to use propeller-driven fighters in the highest rank battles.

=== Ground Assault mode ===
Depending on the BR of the ground vehicle or helicopter being used, there are six ranks in Ground Assault battles:

:* The first level includes tanks with a BR of between 1.0 and 2.3.
:* The second level includes tanks with a BR of between 2.7 and 3.7.
:* The third level includes tanks with a BR of between 4.0 and 5.0.
:* The fourth level includes tanks with a BR of between 5.3 and 6.3.
:* The fifth level includes tanks with a BR between 6.7 and 8.0.
:* The sixth level includes tanks and helicopters with a BR of 8.3+.

== Air Assault ==
=== Objective ===
Players use aircraft to defend the base at the centre of the map which is located under the spawn zone. The AI can use three unit types: bombers, attackers, and ground artillery units.
The number of active players affects the amount of AI units which is being spawned by the game, for example when there are only five players then the game will spawn only half of the normal amount of planes.

The total amount of waves is 15. The remaining amount of waves to spawn for the mission is shown in the bottom-left corner to the right side of the other indicators.
The next wave appears when all planes are either destroyed or the time counter between waves reaches 0 (it is reset every time a new wave appears). The time counter's start value decreases as the mission progresses, so waves of enemies will appear faster and at the end it is possible to fight two at the same time.

=== Waves ===
Waves can be composed of (B) bombers or (A) attackers and in some cases it is (R) random (there's a 50% chance of getting either bombers or attackers).
Bombers spawn 20 kilometres away from the base position at 3,500 metres altitude and they fly in a straight line towards their target.
Attackers also spawn 20 kilometres from the base but at much lower altitude - 1,500 metres. Just before reaching the base, they start to dive to drop their bombs, and they can still be intercepted during that action.

A table showing when and what type of units spawn during the mission:

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! colspan="16" | Waves
|-
! Wave
| style="width:6%" | 1
| style="width:6%" | 2
| style="width:6%" | 3
| style="width:6%" | 4
| style="width:6%" | 5
| style="width:6%" | 6
| style="width:6%" | 7
| style="width:6%" | 8
| style="width:6%" | 9
| style="width:6%" | 10
| style="width:6%" | 11
| style="width:6%" | 12
| style="width:6%" | 13
| style="width:6%" | 14
| style="width:6%" | 15
|-
! Type
| B || A || R || B || A || R || B || A || R || B || A || R || A || R || B
|-
|}

The number of spawned units can vary depending on battle level (1-5) and number of beaten waves, the more of them that are destroyed, the more enemies that spawn and their number will be increased up to 4 times per battle (it happens every 3-4 destroyed waves).

=== Artillery units ===
The artillery units use different mechanics to the bombers and attackers. Though they do not have the range to directly damage the main base, they instead regularly remove points from the base's health pool. This pool is shown in the bottom-left corner next to the artillery icon.
The points decrease for as long as artillery units remain alive and the battle ends when the base's health reaches 0.

Spawn of artillery units is random and can happen from the second wave, but its chance for spawn gets higher every wave. Once they appear, they will not spawn again until the 8th wave, at which time the random chance to spawn is reset and they are able to spawn again.

== Enemy types ==
Depending on level, the game spawns different units, the higher is the level of battle the harder they are to destroy.

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== Ground Assault ==
=== Objective ===
Players use ground vehicles and helicopters to defend the zone on the map centre from incoming waves of enemy tanks.
Helicopters are allowed only in the top tier bracket (BR 8.3+).

The main objective is to not let the enemy units capture the area on the centre of map and slow them down as much as possible. If the AI units manage to enter the capture zone, it will start to flash and the team will start to lose tickets, the more AI that enter it, the more tickets the team loses.
The enemy units slow down upon entering the zone, and their shooting accuracy is also lowered.
After successfully defending the zone and destroying enemy waves your team regain a small amount of lost tickets. The battle is lost once the team's tickets reaches 0.
The counter in the bottom-left corner shows the remaining amount of waves to beat (including current one).

Destroying enemy planes is optional but highly recommended, some of them are equipped with weapons that can destroy player's vehicle in a single attack.
Sometimes a pickup can appear outside the zone, it can repair the tank and replenish its ammunition.
The number of active players affects the amount of AI units which is being spawned by the game.

=== Waves ===
Waves can be composed of four unit types: light tanks, medium tanks, slightly better medium tanks, and heavy tanks. Every wave, two planes are also spawned which attack ground units and player controlled helicopters.
In top tier assault battles, SPAA units can also appear, they will engage only flying units. Usually the game spawns one SPAA unit per player in a helicopter, their range is so large that they can reach players very soon after they leave the helipad. SPAA units spawn during the 2nd, 5th, 8th and 11th wave and it happens 20 seconds after the tanks start to appear.
Spawn position of ground units is random, they always spawn from seven different predetermined directions.

Some enemy ground units can attack player controlled helicopters by using their roof mounted machine guns, such as the Russian tanks on Kursk map.
The accuracy of the AI remains very high even when driving at full speed.

''Note: It is a viable tactic to destroy track of the front most vehicles to make them stop, but keep in mind that they can repair damaged parts, including the engine and extinguish parts that are set on fire.''

A table showing when and what type of units spawn during the mission (Light (L), Medium (M), Intermediate (MH), Heavy (H) and (S) Air Cover (in top tier battles)):

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! colspan="16" | Waves
|-
! Wave
| style="width:8%" | 1
| style="width:8%" | 2
| style="width:8%" | 3
| style="width:8%" | 4
| style="width:8%" | 5
| style="width:8%" | 6
| style="width:8%" | 7
| style="width:8%" | 8
| style="width:8%" | 9
| style="width:8%" | 10
| style="width:8%" | 11
|-
! Type
| L || M + S || H || M || MH || H || L + S || MH || H || MH + S || H
|-
|}

The amount of spawned units can vary depending of battle level (1-6) and amount of beaten waves, the more of them are destroyed the more of enemies are spawning and the game increases their number up to 4 times per battle (that happens every 3-4 destroyed waves).

== Enemy types ==
Depending on level, the game spawns different units, the higher is the level of battle the harder they are to destroy.

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{{Tree-Unit|uk_charioteer_mk_7}}
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{{Tree-End}}

As a result of the low numbers of ground vehicles at top tier for some nations like Japan or France, the map pool at such level is limited to only USA, Great Britain, USSR, Germany. Nevertheless, a new map, Fulda, is incorporated which utilizes varied vehicles from different nations, representing the real-world {{Annotation|NATO*|North Atlantic Treaty Organization}}.

{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc; width: 1%;"|{{Tree-Skip|40px}}<center>'''Vehicle{{Tree-Skip|1px}}Type'''</center>
|style="border-left: solid 2px #cccccc; width: 17.3%;"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:USA flag.png|70px|link=Category:USA_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|6px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Ardennes.jpg|135px|link=Ardennes_(Ground_Forces)]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc; width: 17.3%;"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:Britain flag.png|70px|link=Category:Britain_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Sinai.jpg|135px|link=Sinai]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc; width: 17.3%;"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:USSR flag.png|70px|link=Category:USSR_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Kursk.jpg|135px|link=Kursk_(Ground_Forces)]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc; width: 17.3%;"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:FRG flag.png|70px|link=Category:Germany_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Mozdok.jpg|135px|link=Mozdok_(Ground_Forces)]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc; width: 17.3%;"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:NATO flag.png|70px|link=]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Fulda.jpg|135px]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line|Level 6 - (8.3+)}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" align="center"|
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Light
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Heavy
{{Tree-Skip|23px}}
Air Support
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Air Cover
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{{Tree-Unit|us_t95e1}}
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{{Tree-Unit|uk_challenger_mk_3}}
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{{Tree-Unit|mig-17}}
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{{Tree-Unit|ussr_zsu_23_4}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_I_a1}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_kpz_70}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a4}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a5}}
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{{Tree-Unit|mig-15bis_nr23_german}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_flakpz_I_Gepard}}
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{{Tree-Unit|us_m551}}
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{{Tree-Unit|uk_challenger_mk_3}}
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{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a5}}
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{{Tree-End}}

= Strategies =
== Air Assault Mode ==
=== General Advices ===

=== [[File:USSR_flag.png|x42px]] [[Berlin_(Air_Forces)|Berlin]] ===

=== [[File:Britain_flag.png|x42px]] Norway ===

=== [[File:USA_flag.png|x42px]] Ruhr ===

=== [[File:France_flag.png|x42px]] Sicily ===

=== [[File:Germany_flag.png|x42px]] Stalingrad ===

=== [[File:Italy_flag.png|x42px]] Tunisia ===

=== [[File:Japan_flag.png|x42px]] Zhengzhou ===

== Ground Assault Mode ==
=== General Advices ===

It is recommended to bring vehicles with a good to decent rate-of-fire, and high damage. Armour may be helpful, but one shouldn't rely too much on it. Speed is also helpful for maneuvring, especially on Ardennes, but slow tanks can still perform decently well. High penetration is optional: vehicles with low penetration are advised to flank.

'''Smoke Grenades & Smoke Shells'''

Shooting smoke shells or using smoke grenades around bots inside the square is heavily unadvised. It prevents other players from spotting and shooting AI. When using smoke grenade to take cover, it is recommended to back out of other teammates' lines of fire first. If the player is unable to retreat in such situation, it is recommended to consider respawning instead of using smoke grenades.

'''Fighters and Attackers'''

When getting the option to use a plane, it is unadvised to use it right away. AI aircrafts don't generally pose a serious threat compared to AI tanks. However if the team lacks a SPAA to shoot the planes down, it still is heavily unadvised for a player to spawn a fighter during a "''heavy''" wave. It is more suited to spawn a bomber or an attacker in such situation while leaving the task of killing the enemy planes for a "''lighter''" wave.
Attack aircraft are also generally less effective than heavy bombers (bombs are generally more effective than rockets and guns). One should consider saving the points instead for a bomber.

'''Helicopters'''

Level 6 (8.3+) offers players the choice of using helicopters alongside their ground vehicles. While helicopters can be very effective at destroying ground vehicles, they remain vulnerable to either AI's tanks' machine guns or by SPAA which can spawn repeatedly and, as mentioned previously, they open fire from a considerable range. Due to the SPAA's stationary nature, it is advised to use guided Anti-Tank missiles to deal with SPAAs while one maneuvres their helicopter to avoid fire. However due to the low ammunition count of ATGMs, this tactic can pose a problem when it comes to attacking tanks, as such it is advised to use unguided rockets, which helicopters can bring plentiful of, as well as Armour-Piercing ammunition for canons to engage tanks.
Helicopters are also able to reload without the need of returning to the airfield, such reload is affected

=== [[File:USA_flag.png|x42px]] [[Ardennes_(Ground_Forces)|Ardennes]] ===
[[File:Ardennes_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Ardennes_(Ground_Forces)|Ardennes]]]]
Ardennes offers a lot of options and cover: such advantage make it a favorite among players.
* Location 1 is a heavily recommended spot. It provides good hull-down cover as well as offering tanks flexibility in engagements due to its close proximity with the base.
* Location 2 is recommended for countering the eastern B waves.
* Locations 3 and 4 are able to counter the A northern waves, however players may find it more difficult to reach such position as well as not providing enough flexibility in engagements due to its remote location from the base.
* Location 5 is recommended to counter the western waves, however players can be left exposed to enemies coming from the southeast.
* Location 6 is only recommended if the player's vehicle has a strong turret armour in order to take advantage of the the hull-down position.

=== [[File:Britain_flag.png|x42px]] [[Sinai|Sinai]] ===
[[File:Sinai_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Sinai|Sinai]]]]
Unlike Ardennes, Sinai is considered among the hardest maps among players. Cooperation is crucial due to the open terrain.
* Locations 5, 6, and 7 are heavily recommended since they can cover the most possible waves. It is also recommended to spawn as soon as possible at the start of the match due to the short time given to get to the aforementioned places before the first wave: in case a player is unable to find cover when the first wave spawns, it is likely to get quickly sniped by the enemy tanks.
* Players that prefer to play safer or are unable to reach the aforementioned locations on time, are recommended to go to location 1. However, the rocks nearby the base can become a nuisance when shooting at the enemy. Such place can also take very few players at the same time.
* Locations 2, 3, and 4 are very situational: due to the limited cover, players are advised to often relocate from such positions based on where the enemy waves are coming from.

=== [[File:USSR_flag.png|x42px]] [[Kursk_(Ground_Forces)|Kursk]] ===
[[File:Kursk_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Kursk_(Ground_Forces)|Kursk]]]]
Unlike other maps, enemies in Kursk only comes in a 180° arc instead of from all directions. However, the map offers very little cover outside of the base, therefore most of the advised locations are positioned inside the base.
* Location 1 allows players to counter A, B, and C paths while remaining hull-down.
* Location 5 is advised to flank the F path.
The other locations are defensive places. However, if the player's vehicle cannot penetrate enemies frontally, they are advised to charge out at the AI once they approach the base.

=== [[File:Germany_flag.png|x42px]] [[Mozdok_(Ground_Forces)|Mozdok]] ===
[[File:Mozdok_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Mozdok_(Ground_Forces)|Mozdok]]]]
Unlike Kursk, Mozdok offers a lot of cover for players to spread out, as such they are advised to take advantage of positions outside the base.
* Location 1 is strategically recommended to counter enemies coming from North: in particular A, B, and G paths.
* Location 2 is the most versatile location. It will counter C and D, as well as allowing players to shoot at enemies coming from A, B, and G once they reach the base.
* Locations 3, 4, and 5 are situational, depending on where the enemies spawn. They are very exposed in some directions and should only be used as needed. Location 5 in particular is useful for countering D, E, and F.
* Location 6 is for countering E and F, they allow players to counter the north and south-western paths quickly.
* Location 7 can be useful with enemies coming from A or G, however it leaves players exposed to enemies spawning at B or C.

=== [[File:Japan_flag.png|x42px]] [[Emperors_Garden_Map|Emperor's Garden]] ===
[[File:Emperors_Garden_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Emperors_Garden_Map|Emperor's Garden]]]]
Due to the open nature of the map, Emperor's Garden is also considered among the hardest maps. However, unlike Sinai, the lack of considerable armour on Japanese tanks provides an advantage for players.
* The western waves ( A ) can be countered by having people at Locations 1, 2, and 3 . Locations 2 and 3 can also effectively counter the north-eastern waves ( B ).
* The south-eastern wave ( C ) cannot be adequately dealt with from any of those locations, although from location 3, players can engage some of the tanks depending on the size of both the player’s and enemy’s tanks. Location 4 is heavily recommended to counter the south-eastern wave. Players are also advised to prioritize that wave for air strikes.
* The eastern flank is a lot more open in nature, therefore there is no recommended location to effectively counter it.

=== [[File:France_flag.png|x42px]] [[Maginot_Line_(Ground_Forces)|Maginot Line]] ===
[[File:Maginot_Line_(Assault_Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Maginot_Line_(Ground_Forces)|Maginot Line]]]]
* Usually, enemies coming from path A pose serious threat, however players can effectively use location 1 to counter enemies coming down this path. This location also provides cover and allows players to go hull down against all the other waves, however players may require to shoot at moving targets over 1 km in order to maximize the use of this place against waves D, E, F, and G.
* Locations 2 and 3 are considerably difficult to reach, however they can provide decent cover with buildings. Players can effectively counter B and C from such position.
* Location 4 is the northern counterpart of 1. It is an excellent ambush location and can cover all the paths with exception of the A path.
* Location 5 incorporates excellent cover, through a channel dug in between some mounds, as well as being reasonably close to the base. Players using slow tanks are advised to use such position. However, enemies coming from G may pose a threat to players..
* The bunker in location 6 provides excellent cover. Its location inside the cap circle allows player to effectively resupply the player, as such it is a heavily recommended spot for players utilizing vehicles with an autoloader. However, players will have to change their position around the bunker according to the waves.

=== [[File:NATO_flag.png|x42px]] [[Fulda_(Ground_Forces)|Fulda Gap]] ===
[[File:Fulda_(Assault_Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Fulda_(Ground_Forces)|Fulda]]]]
* The A point provides excellent cover, and can be used to engage and get flanking shots on the waves above the dotted red line. However, such location prevents players from engaging enemies coming from the south or southeast section of the map.
* The base, located at B, provides decent cover. However players will require a gun with high penetration in order to penetrate heavily armored enemies such as Leopards 2A5 or M1A2.
* C lies directly underneath the flightpath of the enemy fighters, F-84s, equipped with Tiny Tims. It is the ideal location for SPAAs. It also is an excellent countering position for enemies coming from the south.

[[Category:Game_modes]]

File:Mozdok (Assault Strat).png

2021-01-16T15:42:00Z

U33751742:

File:Maginot Line (Assault Strat).png

2021-01-16T15:41:06Z

U33751742:

File:Kursk (Assault Strat).png

2021-01-16T15:40:37Z

U33751742:

File:Emperors Garden (Assault Strat).png

2021-01-16T15:40:03Z

U33751742:

File:Sinai (Assault Strat).png

2021-01-16T15:39:26Z

U33751742:

File:Ardennes (Assault Strat).png

2021-01-16T15:38:41Z

U33751742:

SU-122-54

2020-12-23T15:26:21Z

U33751742: /* Armaments */ updated tables and stats

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_su_122_54}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update_1.49_"Weapons_of_Victory"|Update 1.49 (aka 1.70.1945) "Weapons of Victory"]]. Featuring a [[T-54 (1951)|T-54]] chassis in a tank destroyer format and a 122 mm gun, the SU-122-54 presents an interesting vehicle for Rank V battles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Commander cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 100 mm (50°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (54-55°) ''Lower glacis''|| 80 mm || 45 mm (17°) || 20 mm
|-
| Superstructure || 100 mm (50°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (41°) ''Side joint plate'' 100 + 100 mm (7-65°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 80 mm (26°) || 30 mm (21°) || 20 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 739|rbMinHp= 460|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|D-49 (122 mm)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[D-49 (122 mm)|122 mm D-49]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 35 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±8° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 6.16 || 8.53 || 10.36 || 11.46 || 12.19 || rowspan="2" | 15.99 || rowspan="2" | 14.15 || rowspan="2" | 13.04 || rowspan="2" | 12.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.17 || 4.90 || 5.95 || 6.58 || 7.00
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| BR-471 || APHE || 205 || 201 || 183 || 162 || 144 || 128
|-
| BR-471B || APHEBC || 205 || 203 || 191 || 178 || 166 || 155
|-
| BR-471D || APCBC|| 230 || 227 || 215 || 200 || 186 || 173
|-
| 3BM-7 || APDS || 299 || 298 || 291 || 272 || 253 || 249
|-
| 3BK-10 || HEATFS || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| OF-471 || HE || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37 || 37
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| BR-471 || APHE || 795 || 25 || 1.2 || 19 || 246.4 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| BR-471B || APHEBC || 795 || 25 || 1.2 || 19 || 246.4 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-471D || APCBC || 800 || 25 || 1.2 || 19 || 192.5 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| 3BM-7 || APDS || 1400 || 5.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| 3BK-10 || HEATFS || 820 || 18.4 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2.05 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OF-471 || HE || 800 || 25 || 0.01 || 0.1 || 3,600 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}
===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Ammo Part
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''35''' || style="text-align:right" | ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 28 ''(+7)'' 28 ''(+7)'' || 14 ''(+21)'' 23 ''(+12)'' || 8 ''(+27)'' 9 ''(+26)'' || 1 ''(+34)'' 1 ''(+34)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|KPVT (14.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KPVT (14.5 mm)|14.5 mm KPVT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 300 (50) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle || 300 (50) || 600 || -5°/+40° || ±180°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The SU-122-54 could be described as a post-war SU-122P. Most characteristics of the vehicle point towards an effort to improve on both the good and bad features of the ISU. It features thickened and better-angled armour increased firepower with better crew ergonomics and new shells as well as improved mobility thanks to a redesigned chassis. This makes for a dangerous vehicle with more options in how to use than it's predecessors.

However, this all comes at the price of a high battle rating where it currently sits at. This makes for a quite difficult vehicle to use, as the opposition will be fierce. Be mindful of how you approach a situation. Charging blindly or sitting very far back won't yield great results, play as if it were a chess match and strategically choose your position and targets.

One way of playing the SU-122-54 is as a sniper, a task made easier with the inclusion of a APDS round that can pack a mean hit at penetration with a fire-rate decent for such sniper.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| BR-471B
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| BR-471D
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| 3BM-7
| Smoke Grenades
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Rangefinder
| 3BK-10
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Strong gun that can fire HEAT-FS or APDS shells, unlike most other 122 mm gun-equipped tanks with a improved fire-rate
* Fairly low silhouette
* Has two 14.5 mm machine guns, good for warding off low-flying aircraft or light vehicles
* Decently mobile
* Has access to a rangefinder and NVD
* Good top speed
* Mantlet is 200 mm thick in total

'''Cons:'''

* Long reload (16 seconds), though not as long as most other 122 mm
* The protection is not as adequate at close range
* Restricted firing angles for the main guns, horizontally and vertically, due to casemate mounting
* Lack of a turret means that if you get flanked, the tank is in serious trouble
* Roof machine gun may sometime struggle to engage ground targets
* Cupolas hits will injure respective crew members
* Two loaders means the rate of fire suffers strongly in the event of a penetration
* The armour is thick enough to hamper acceleration

== History ==

The success of the T-54 tank in the early 1950s had the vehicle chassis used in many different variants for different roles. The roles range out from a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun, armoured recovery vehicle, bridge-layers, mine-clearers, flamethrowers, armoured personnel carriers, fire-fighting vehicles, and a self-propelled gun. The self-propelled gun, known as "Object 600", was a vehicle based off the T-54A design and carried the 122 mm gun infamous on the IS heavy tank series. The vehicle was known as the SU-122-54, but it has sometimes also be referred to as the IT-122 as well. The chassis was modified for the vehicle, with the large gap present between the first and second road wheels moved to between the third and fourth. The superstructure, like traditional designs, was built onto the hull and held the 122 mm gun. Secondary armament consisted of two KPVT heavy machine guns on coaxial and pintle-mount for anti-aircraft purposes. The general design was developed and built between 1955 and 1957, with a total of 77 units made with minor differences between each batch.

=== In-game description ===
The SU-122-54 self-propelled artillery mount was constructed on the basis of the T-54-55 medium tank from 1948 to 1951. It was intended first and foremost to play the role of an assault and antitank weapon. Plans were made for large-scale production of the SU-122, but starting in 1957 its release was curtailed due to a shift in the priorities of military production in favor of building missile weapons.

The SU-122-54 SPG was used by the Soviet Army until the second half of the 1960s, when it was removed from the army’s arsenal. A total of 77 SU-122-54 SPGs were produced.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/780/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> SU-122-54 and J2M2]

{{USSR tank destroyers}}

Type 69

2020-12-08T03:15:52Z

U33751742: /* Main armament */ added crew qualification

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_type_69}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

At first glance, the Type 69 looks reminiscent of the preceding [[Type 59]]. Closer inspection reveals it to be quite an interesting tank. It can be visually differentiated from similar vehicles by the placement of the IR spotlight directly above the gun mantlet (Soviet tanks place the spotlight off to the side), a laser rangefinder next to it, and a unique fume extractor located near the tip of the barrel. It can be thought of as a cross between the Soviet [[T-55A]] and [[T-62]]. Like the former, it boasts improved mobility and gun handling from the original Type 59/T-54, and like the latter, it has a smoothbore gun firing HEAT-FS and APFSDS rounds. As the product of the PRC's first foray into indigenous technologies, it also boasts night vision, stabilizer, and laser rangefinder systems.

Players coming from the [[Type 59]] will appreciate many of the Type 69's improvements, no longer having to deal with a glacial turret rotation speed, single plane stabilizer, and lack of night vision. However, its firepower is a sidegrade at best. Both tanks can use HEAT-FS, but while the Type 59 could use APHE rounds for instant knockouts against lightly armoured tanks like the [[Leopard 1]], the Type 69 has a poor-quality APFSDS round instead. No miracles should be expected from its gun.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The armour layout of the Type 69 is virtually identical to the [[Type 59]] and [[T-54 (1951)]], with a rounded turret made of cast homogeneous armour and a highly sloped front glacis. While the frontal protection is good in terms of raw values, the Type 69 will face many tanks with powerful sub-calibre and HEAT rounds that can penetrate its armour with ease. That said, it confers some resistance to the APHE rounds fired by contemporary Soviet tanks like the T-54/55.

Post-penetration survivability is not optimal as the interior of the tank is cramped and plenty of loose ammunition is stored in the turret and fighting compartment. However, the Type 69 has a "wet" ammo rack next to the driver, which is more resistant to detonation by HEAT rounds.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|100 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (54°) ''Lower glacis''
|80 mm
|45 mm (16°) ''Upper'' 30 mm (72°) ''Lower''
|30 mm ''Front'' 20 mm ''Back''
|-
|Turret
|160 mm (14-39°) ''Turret front'' 200 mm (4-78°) ''Gun mantlet''
|115 mm (45-50°) ''Upper'' 155 mm (10-30°) ''Lower''
|65 mm (9-35°)
|30 mm
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspensions wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=899|rbMinHp=513}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 69 (100 mm)}}

The Type 69 is armed with a 100 mm Type 69 smoothbore cannon equipped with a two-plane stabilizer, capable of firing APFSDS, HEAT-FS, and HE rounds. It reloads 0.1 seconds quicker than the Type 59's rifled gun but this is a negligible improvement.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 69 (100 mm)|100 mm Type 69]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 44 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+17° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 14.28 || 19.76 || 24.00 || 26.54 || 28.24 || rowspan="2" | 11.05 || rowspan="2" | 9.78 || rowspan="2" | 9.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.5
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.93 || 10.50 || 12.75 || 14.10 || 15.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The Type 69's stock rounds are the 1-72-85 APFSDS and the 1-71-74 HE. The APFSDS was at one point the worst round of its type in War Thunder; 220 mm of flat penetration at 10 meters is worse than many AP/APHE rounds. The [[AUBL/74 HVG]]'s 60 mm APFSDS penetrates more despite having a much lower calibre! It also suffers noticeable dropoff at long distances. However the angled penetration is surprisingly good, topping out at 127 mm @ 60 degrees. For comparison, the T-55A's 3BM25 APFSDS round has far superior flat penetration (up to 335 mm) but only has slightly higher angled penetration (up to 129 mm @ 60 degrees) than the 1-72-85. Penetration aside, it has a good muzzle velocity of 1505 m/s and the post-penetration damage is decent, being an improvement over typical APDS rounds.

The 1-71-74 HE shell is weak and should be ignored. It has a low explosive content and might be able to cause hull-breaks on light targets, but not consistently. Any vehicle with more than paper-thin armour will be immune to it.

The unlockable Type 1973 HEAT-FS is a Tier I modification. Familiar to Type 59 users, it has the same penetration performance as the T-55A's 3BK17M HEAT-FS with a lower TNT equivalent and a slightly lower muzzle velocity. 390 mm of flat penetration at any distance is impressive and will slice through almost all tanks lacking special armour types (spaced, reactive, composite). While it lacks the high velocity of the APFSDS and can be detonated by bushes or fences, the HEAT-FS is still good for dealing with heavy targets that the APFSDS can't penetrate. It has slightly less explosive mass than the HE shell but is more consistent at hull-breaking due to its ability to damage internal modules.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 1-72-85 || APFSDS || 220 || 213 || 193 || 173 || 156 || 140
|-
| Type 1973 || HEATFS || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390
|-
| 1-71-74 || HE || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 1-72-85 || APFSDS || 1,505 || 4.70 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| Type 1973 || HEATFS || 1,000 || 10.05 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,180 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| 1-71-74 || HE || 900 || 15.00 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 1,300 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x300px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty*
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''44''' || 43 ''(+1)'' || 38 ''(+6)'' || 34 ''(+10)'' || 22 ''(+22)'' || 20 ''(+24)'' || 1 ''(+43)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* The 6th Rack serves as First-Stage ammo stowage.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}

The DShK is useful against enemy helicopters if they get too close. It can also penetrate lightly armoured targets like certain SPAAs or light tanks.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 500 (50) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,400 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Type 69 is somewhat paradoxical. Its laser rangefinder and smoothbore cannon may suggest that it is a good sniper, but the poor penetration of its 1-72-85 APFSDS makes it difficult to pick off well-protected targets from afar. Meanwhile its two-plane stabilizer, improved engine, and faster turret rotation speed are more suitable for an offensive role, though it lacks the APHE enjoyed by the comparable [[T-55A]] for instant knockouts.

Terrible APFSDS is still APFSDS, and it does the job against against lightly armoured opponents like the [[Leopard I]] and [[AMX-30]]. For US or Soviet medium tanks, shooting the hull can work at closer distances. When fighting more resilient targets, such as those that are hull down with good turret armour, the Type 1973 HEAT-FS is a better choice. Take advantage of the laser rangefinder to accurately deliver the HEAT-FS rounds at long distances.

The post-penetration damage of the APFSDS and HEAT-FS are somewhat punctual, so effort should be taken to aim for ammo racks or catch as many crew members as possible in the line of fire. This is especially important since the Type 69's reload is rather sluggish and a damaged target could retreat or retaliate before a follow up shot is ready.

Mobility wise, the Type 69 is about the same as the [[T-55A]]. While not agonizing, it certainly won't be the first tank to arrive on the battlefield. Note that the reverse speed of -7 km/h is rather poor and it lacks neutral steering, so be careful about overextending.

Overall the Type 69 is a versatile tank, having tools for most situations at hand and no major weaknesses, though conversely it is not exceptional in any regard. It is best used as a flexible combatant, capable of flanking, pushing aggressively, or sniping as the situation demands. Stay close to teammates and avoid engaging multiple opponents at the same time. Caution should be paid to its substandard mobility, slow reload, and sometimes finicky ammunition.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| Type 1973 HEAT-FS
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Laser rangefinder
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* One of the earliest tanks in the game with APFSDS rounds
* APFSDS comes stock
* Has a two-plane stabilizer
* Access to night vision and a laser rangefinder
* Improved engine, turret rotation speed, and ammunition capacity compared to the Type 59
* Top mounted heavy machine gun is useful against aircraft
* Wet ammo storage

'''Cons:'''

* APFSDS has abysmal flat penetration for its calibre
* Does not have access to APHE
* Armour is identical to the Type 59, does not hold up very well at its rank
* Not particularly mobile
* Somewhat long reload
* No sources of smoke available
* Can be confused for Soviet tanks at a quick glance

== History ==


After the Sino-Soviet split, the People's Republic of China was no longer able to receive military technical help from the Soviet Union. The [[Type 59]], a licensed copy of the T-54A, was the the most advanced medium tank available to the PLA, but after a few years it became apparent that upgrades were necessary to keep up with the rapidly advancing technology of the time. The PLA ordered the development of a new "Type 69" tank in 1963 and the first prototype was manufactured in 1966; however, the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in 1966 and the ensuing purges impeded further development of the tank. The early Type 69 featured a smoothbore cannon, IR searchlight, laser rangefinder, and a new engine.

After the capture of [[Т-62_545_(China)| a Soviet T-62]], the latest Soviet technology was examined, copied, and implemented into the Type 69, creating the Type 69-I variant. During this time the smoothbore gun was found to be rather unsatisfactory, and Type 69 tanks in Chinese service were often refitted with the same 100mm rifled gun as the Type 59. Further development continued through the 1980s, culminating in the Type 79 series, which incorporated a new 105mm gun and numerous Western technologies.

The Type 69 series saw relatively limited service with the PLA but were more popular on the export market, purchased by countries such as Thailand, [[T-69 II G|Bangladesh]], and Myanmar. Modified Type 69 tanks were still in the inventory of the Iraqi Army during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, though by this point they were no match for modern MBTs. That being said, the Iraqi division equipped with the {{PAGENAME}} tanks, though outgunned, fought more valiantly than the elite Republican Guard who had access to more modern equipment.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=cn_type_69 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|B6ZsuPjSuNo|'''T-54/T-55 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 6:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|ro6fFFWqdJ8|'''Aggressive {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''TheEuropeanCanadian''}}

== See also ==


* [[T-69 II G]] - export variant to Bangladesh

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China medium tanks}}

Type 69

2020-12-08T03:11:59Z

U33751742: /* Ammo racks */ added ammo rack

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_type_69}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

At first glance, the Type 69 looks reminiscent of the preceding [[Type 59]]. Closer inspection reveals it to be quite an interesting tank. It can be visually differentiated from similar vehicles by the placement of the IR spotlight directly above the gun mantlet (Soviet tanks place the spotlight off to the side), a laser rangefinder next to it, and a unique fume extractor located near the tip of the barrel. It can be thought of as a cross between the Soviet [[T-55A]] and [[T-62]]. Like the former, it boasts improved mobility and gun handling from the original Type 59/T-54, and like the latter, it has a smoothbore gun firing HEAT-FS and APFSDS rounds. As the product of the PRC's first foray into indigenous technologies, it also boasts night vision, stabilizer, and laser rangefinder systems.

Players coming from the [[Type 59]] will appreciate many of the Type 69's improvements, no longer having to deal with a glacial turret rotation speed, single plane stabilizer, and lack of night vision. However, its firepower is a sidegrade at best. Both tanks can use HEAT-FS, but while the Type 59 could use APHE rounds for instant knockouts against lightly armoured tanks like the [[Leopard 1]], the Type 69 has a poor-quality APFSDS round instead. No miracles should be expected from its gun.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The armour layout of the Type 69 is virtually identical to the [[Type 59]] and [[T-54 (1951)]], with a rounded turret made of cast homogeneous armour and a highly sloped front glacis. While the frontal protection is good in terms of raw values, the Type 69 will face many tanks with powerful sub-calibre and HEAT rounds that can penetrate its armour with ease. That said, it confers some resistance to the APHE rounds fired by contemporary Soviet tanks like the T-54/55.

Post-penetration survivability is not optimal as the interior of the tank is cramped and plenty of loose ammunition is stored in the turret and fighting compartment. However, the Type 69 has a "wet" ammo rack next to the driver, which is more resistant to detonation by HEAT rounds.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|100 mm (60°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (54°) ''Lower glacis''
|80 mm
|45 mm (16°) ''Upper'' 30 mm (72°) ''Lower''
|30 mm ''Front'' 20 mm ''Back''
|-
|Turret
|160 mm (14-39°) ''Turret front'' 200 mm (4-78°) ''Gun mantlet''
|115 mm (45-50°) ''Upper'' 155 mm (10-30°) ''Lower''
|65 mm (9-35°)
|30 mm
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspensions wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=899|rbMinHp=513}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 69 (100 mm)}}

The Type 69 is armed with a 100 mm Type 69 smoothbore cannon equipped with a two-plane stabilizer, capable of firing APFSDS, HEAT-FS, and HE rounds. It reloads 0.1 seconds quicker than the Type 59's rifled gun but this is a negligible improvement.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 69 (100 mm)|100 mm Type 69]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 44 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+17° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || rowspan="2" | 11.1 || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | 8.5
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The Type 69's stock rounds are the 1-72-85 APFSDS and the 1-71-74 HE. The APFSDS was at one point the worst round of its type in War Thunder; 220 mm of flat penetration at 10 meters is worse than many AP/APHE rounds. The [[AUBL/74 HVG]]'s 60 mm APFSDS penetrates more despite having a much lower calibre! It also suffers noticeable dropoff at long distances. However the angled penetration is surprisingly good, topping out at 127 mm @ 60 degrees. For comparison, the T-55A's 3BM25 APFSDS round has far superior flat penetration (up to 335 mm) but only has slightly higher angled penetration (up to 129 mm @ 60 degrees) than the 1-72-85. Penetration aside, it has a good muzzle velocity of 1505 m/s and the post-penetration damage is decent, being an improvement over typical APDS rounds.

The 1-71-74 HE shell is weak and should be ignored. It has a low explosive content and might be able to cause hull-breaks on light targets, but not consistently. Any vehicle with more than paper-thin armour will be immune to it.

The unlockable Type 1973 HEAT-FS is a Tier I modification. Familiar to Type 59 users, it has the same penetration performance as the T-55A's 3BK17M HEAT-FS with a lower TNT equivalent and a slightly lower muzzle velocity. 390 mm of flat penetration at any distance is impressive and will slice through almost all tanks lacking special armour types (spaced, reactive, composite). While it lacks the high velocity of the APFSDS and can be detonated by bushes or fences, the HEAT-FS is still good for dealing with heavy targets that the APFSDS can't penetrate. It has slightly less explosive mass than the HE shell but is more consistent at hull-breaking due to its ability to damage internal modules.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 1-72-85 || APFSDS || 220 || 213 || 193 || 173 || 156 || 140
|-
| Type 1973 || HEATFS || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390
|-
| 1-71-74 || HE || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17 || 17
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 1-72-85 || APFSDS || 1,505 || 4.70 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| Type 1973 || HEATFS || 1,000 || 10.05 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,180 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| 1-71-74 || HE || 900 || 15.00 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 1,300 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x300px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty*
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''44''' || 43 ''(+1)'' || 38 ''(+6)'' || 34 ''(+10)'' || 22 ''(+22)'' || 20 ''(+24)'' || 1 ''(+43)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* The 6th Rack serves as First-Stage ammo stowage.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)|SGMT (7.62 mm)}}

The DShK is useful against enemy helicopters if they get too close. It can also penetrate lightly armoured targets like certain SPAAs or light tanks.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 500 (50) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[SGMT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm SGMT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,400 (250) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Type 69 is somewhat paradoxical. Its laser rangefinder and smoothbore cannon may suggest that it is a good sniper, but the poor penetration of its 1-72-85 APFSDS makes it difficult to pick off well-protected targets from afar. Meanwhile its two-plane stabilizer, improved engine, and faster turret rotation speed are more suitable for an offensive role, though it lacks the APHE enjoyed by the comparable [[T-55A]] for instant knockouts.

Terrible APFSDS is still APFSDS, and it does the job against against lightly armoured opponents like the [[Leopard I]] and [[AMX-30]]. For US or Soviet medium tanks, shooting the hull can work at closer distances. When fighting more resilient targets, such as those that are hull down with good turret armour, the Type 1973 HEAT-FS is a better choice. Take advantage of the laser rangefinder to accurately deliver the HEAT-FS rounds at long distances.

The post-penetration damage of the APFSDS and HEAT-FS are somewhat punctual, so effort should be taken to aim for ammo racks or catch as many crew members as possible in the line of fire. This is especially important since the Type 69's reload is rather sluggish and a damaged target could retreat or retaliate before a follow up shot is ready.

Mobility wise, the Type 69 is about the same as the [[T-55A]]. While not agonizing, it certainly won't be the first tank to arrive on the battlefield. Note that the reverse speed of -7 km/h is rather poor and it lacks neutral steering, so be careful about overextending.

Overall the Type 69 is a versatile tank, having tools for most situations at hand and no major weaknesses, though conversely it is not exceptional in any regard. It is best used as a flexible combatant, capable of flanking, pushing aggressively, or sniping as the situation demands. Stay close to teammates and avoid engaging multiple opponents at the same time. Caution should be paid to its substandard mobility, slow reload, and sometimes finicky ammunition.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| Type 1973 HEAT-FS
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| Laser rangefinder
| NVD
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* One of the earliest tanks in the game with APFSDS rounds
* APFSDS comes stock
* Has a two-plane stabilizer
* Access to night vision and a laser rangefinder
* Improved engine, turret rotation speed, and ammunition capacity compared to the Type 59
* Top mounted heavy machine gun is useful against aircraft
* Wet ammo storage

'''Cons:'''

* APFSDS has abysmal flat penetration for its calibre
* Does not have access to APHE
* Armour is identical to the Type 59, does not hold up very well at its rank
* Not particularly mobile
* Somewhat long reload
* No sources of smoke available
* Can be confused for Soviet tanks at a quick glance

== History ==


After the Sino-Soviet split, the People's Republic of China was no longer able to receive military technical help from the Soviet Union. The [[Type 59]], a licensed copy of the T-54A, was the the most advanced medium tank available to the PLA, but after a few years it became apparent that upgrades were necessary to keep up with the rapidly advancing technology of the time. The PLA ordered the development of a new "Type 69" tank in 1963 and the first prototype was manufactured in 1966; however, the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in 1966 and the ensuing purges impeded further development of the tank. The early Type 69 featured a smoothbore cannon, IR searchlight, laser rangefinder, and a new engine.

After the capture of [[Т-62_545_(China)| a Soviet T-62]], the latest Soviet technology was examined, copied, and implemented into the Type 69, creating the Type 69-I variant. During this time the smoothbore gun was found to be rather unsatisfactory, and Type 69 tanks in Chinese service were often refitted with the same 100mm rifled gun as the Type 59. Further development continued through the 1980s, culminating in the Type 79 series, which incorporated a new 105mm gun and numerous Western technologies.

The Type 69 series saw relatively limited service with the PLA but were more popular on the export market, purchased by countries such as Thailand, [[T-69 II G|Bangladesh]], and Myanmar. Modified Type 69 tanks were still in the inventory of the Iraqi Army during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, though by this point they were no match for modern MBTs. That being said, the Iraqi division equipped with the {{PAGENAME}} tanks, though outgunned, fought more valiantly than the elite Republican Guard who had access to more modern equipment.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=cn_type_69 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|B6ZsuPjSuNo|'''T-54/T-55 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 6:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|ro6fFFWqdJ8|'''Aggressive {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''TheEuropeanCanadian''}}

== See also ==


* [[T-69 II G]] - export variant to Bangladesh

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China medium tanks}}

File:Ammoracks Type 69.png

2020-12-08T03:11:23Z

U33751742: U33751742 uploaded a new version of File:Ammoracks Type 69.png

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

File:Ammoracks Type 69.png

2020-12-08T03:09:36Z

U33751742: Category:Ammo racks

[[Category:Ammo racks]]

Chi-Ha Kai (China)

2020-12-08T02:35:03Z

U33751742: /* General info */ added armor table from the Chi-Ha Kai page

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_type_97_kai}}
{{About
| about = medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other variants
| link-1 = Chi-Ha (Family)
| usage-2 = the original version
| link-2 = Chi-Ha Kai
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The {{PAGENAME}} has little to no armour against its common opponents like the [[Pz.II (Disambiguation)|Pz.II]]. It has only 25 mm of armour on the turret cheeks and the frontal plate, and 20-25 mm at the hull sides. Its thin armour might only, with some luck, bounce off some auto-cannon shells while angling, or block the low penetration shells from a distance. Unfortunately, when being hit and penetrated, the {{PAGENAME}} is usually destroyed with one or two shots. However, this tank has a fairly small frontal profile, making it harder to be hit. Also, for the guns lacking post-penetration damage, the {{PAGENAME}} has an alright survivability, as it has a total of 5 crews and they are fairly spaced out due to the long hull. The huge transmission system at the front of the tank can also serve as further protection for the crew members, at the price of making the tank immobile and thus vulnerable.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Armour!!Front!!Sides!!Rear!!Roof
|-
|Hull||25 mm (11-31°) ''Front plate''
15-17 mm (62-80°) ''Front glacis''

15 mm (37-59°) ''Lower glacis''
|25 mm (25 / 40°) ''Top''
25 mm ''Bottom''
|15 mm (69°) ''Top''
20 mm (5-57°)
|12 mm
|-
|Turret||25 mm (9-10°) ''Turret front''
30-35 mm ''Gun mantlet''
|25 mm (9-10°)||25 mm||10 mm
|-
!Armour!!Sides!!Roof
|-
|Cupola||25 mm||10 mm
|}'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=263|rbMinHp=150}}

In general, this tank can get to pretty much anywhere an average medium tank can get to. The engine of the {{PAGENAME}} is not powerful at all with its 170 hp power output, but luckily the tank itself only weighs 15 tons, therefore giving it an average power-to-weight ratio of 11.33. The 40 km/h top speed is pretty useful as it reaches this speed easily. The turning ability is not ideal, as its tracks are long, narrow and close to each other, making it slow and sluggish in a turn.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 1 (47 mm)}}

The Chi-Ha Kai is armed with a [[Type 1 (47 mm)|47 mm Type 1]] cannon with a maximum of 104 rounds. The 75 mm penetration at 100 m makes it easy to penetrate most of its opponents at its battle rating, and if penetrated, the damage is usually big enough to destroy a tank. The fast reload time (about 4 seconds) allows it to quickly fire the second shell if the first one missed or didn't penetrate. It has an amazing depression of 15 degrees and a vertical stabiliser that works when your tank is slower than 11 km/h, which are always the advantages. However the shells drop dramatically at long distances, making it hard to snipe the enemies far away.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 1 (47 mm)|47 mm Type 1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 104 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 14.28 || 19.76 || 24.00 || 26.54 || 28.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.80 || rowspan="2" | 3.50 || rowspan="2" | 3.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.92 || 10.50 || 12.75 || 14.10 || 15.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 77 || 75 || 67 || 58 || 50 || 44
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 808 || 1.49 || 1.2 || 9 || 22.4 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Chi-Ha_Kai.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the [[Chi-Ha Kai]].]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''104''' || 75 ''(+29)'' || 71 ''(+33)'' || 66 ''(+38)'' || 54 ''(+50)'' || 9 ''(+95)'' || 1 ''(+103)'' || Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 66 ''(+48)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}

The Chi-Ha Kai has a [[Type 97 (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]] machine gun mounted on the left side of the hull, and another on the turret roof. While it has enough ammunition, this machine gun is just simply not good enough. The rate of fire is below average, the penetration is bad, one can only fire forward, and there are only about 25 bullets in each magazine, making it impossible to provide a continuous machine-gun fire. The one things these machine guns can do is to incapacitate the fully exposed crews on some vehicles, as even a bit of armour might block out the weak bullets. The roof mounted gun can ward off some low-flying strafing planes but it is still inferior comparing to other machine guns like the American M1919 or M2HB.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 97 (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Hull || 3,000 (20) || 499 || ±10° || ±15°
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (20) || 499 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Chi-Ha Kai is best used as a front line support vehicle. Although it has its down sides, a player who knows this tank well can utilise its interesting potentials. Stay close to your teammates, and try to use its manoeuvrability to flank the enemies when possible, while being careful and sneaky as it can be one-shotted by a lot of tanks.

For two types of terrains, there are two good tactics for the Chi-ha Kai. The first is commonly known as the hull-down position, best suited for hilly terrains. It requires you to find a slope/hill to cover up your hull, only exposing a small area of the turret and use the amazing gun depression to shoot the enemies. This way it is hard for the enemies to accurately hit your small turret while you lay behind the hill and fire comfortable shots at them.

The next tactic is better in the towns, involving the use of your stabiliser. Travel in the areas where the enemies are most likely to appear while looking around. If you see an enemy, move out of cover at about 10 km/h (the stabiliser will only work if the tank is slower than 11 km/h), quickly aim and shoot while keeping the tank moving. For the enemy it is very hard to keep his guns on you if you are moving, but for you, with the gun being stabilised, it is pretty much as accurate as firing stationary, making targeting the enemy much easier than vice-versa. The stabiliser will also surprise you in a close-quarter encounter as you will be ready to fire first while the enemy is still waiting for his gun to stop wobbling.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* B1 bis / ter: the B1 can easily destroy the Chi-Ha when using both of its guns, but when angling only the 47mm gun is available, meaning that the Chi-Ha can take some more hits. It is very hard to destroy the Char B1 from a distance, so get as close as possible with the ideal range being no more than 300m. Aim at their flat hull side, turret side, hull cannon mount or the driving compartment (the near-vertical frontal armor right below the turret). Upon penetrating, the Chi-Ha's 47mm APHE can knock out several crews, and your quick reload allows you to finish the rest off in time. However if the B1 has folded armor plates on their hull sides then it is a B1 ter, avoid shooting at its sides.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Improved sloped armour compared to the reserve vehicles
* Quite fast (up to 44 km/h), allowing it to get to certain spots in time
* Lovely climbing ability combined with the amazing -15 degrees gun depression, it is great at mountain combat
* Has a vertical stabiliser which most tanks don't have, allowing the Chi-Ha Kai to get the first shot off
* Decent cannon can frontally penetrate common targets like [[M3 Lee]] and [[T-70]]
* Great turning ability in low gear
* Five man crew with some space between the driving & fighting compartment improves survivability from previous models

'''Cons:'''

* Maximum 77 mm penetration may be underpowered in an uptier, especially in frontal engagements against a [[B1 bis]] or [[Matilda III|Matilda]]
* Thin armour can be penetrated by 20 mm/.50 cal up close
* Although fast, it still gets outran by [[M3 Stuart (Family)|M3]] & [[M5 Stuart (Family)|M5]] Stuarts and the [[Sd.Kfz.234/2|Sd.Kfz.234]] series
* Bad turning while driving

== History ==

{{main|Chi-Ha (Family)|l1=History of the Type 97 Chi-Ha}}

<big>'''PLA's first tank'''</big>

The Chi-ha Kai was the first tank ever used by the Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army), alongside with many other captured Japanese tanks. These Chi-ha tanks significantly assisted the PLA in attacking the KMT (Chinese Nationalist party), with the most famous battle being the Battle of Jinzhou involving the Gongchen tank.

Other than the Gongchen tank, lots of other Chi-ha Kai tanks were also used extensively by the PLA and the KMT, based on the photos of the victory parade in 1949.

<big>'''The Gongchen'''</big>

In September 1945, the Chinese Communist forces discovered two Chi-ha tanks abandoned by the Japanese in Shenyang. There were some captured Japanese engineers among them. While the Chinese were trying to drive these tanks back to their area, the Japanese engineers eventually rebelled and sabotaged one of the Chi-ha tanks, leaving the Chinese with only one left, designated "102", which would later become the Gongchen tank.

Soon after the tank was safe, the Northeast Special Tank Brigade was established with 30 soldiers and the "102" Chi-ha as the only tank. The soldiers called it the ''"Old man tank"'' since the model was old but still sturdy, respectable and it trained many tank drivers.

In October 1948, the battle of Jinzhou began. The Chinese had the "102" Chi-ha at the back of its line to bring up the rear. The heavy fire from the KMT blocked the Communist forces from advancing, and several of its tanks were also damaged early in the battle. The "102" Chi-ha changed its direction to avoid the KMT fire, crossed the trenches, ran over the barbed wires in front of it and led a charge with the infantries to the KMT's front line. It destroyed several of the KMT's fortresses to clear the way for more infantries. During the battle the tank did get damaged and could no longer drive. Under dangerous KMT fire, the driver Dong Laifu got out and repaired the tank in a hurry so it was again operational. Gradually the "102" Chi-ha went from staying at the back to being the leading tank, always the first to charge the KMT's positions.

After the battle, the "102" Chi-ha was renamed "Gongchen tank" (功臣號, meaning "Heroic tank") for its excellent performance in the battle. It also honourably led the victory parade at Tiananmen Square on 1st October 1949. Retired in 1959, the tank is now displayed in the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution in Beijing.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{China medium tanks}}

Chi-Ha Kai

2020-12-08T02:34:44Z

U33751742: /* General info */

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_type_97_kai}}
{{About
| about = Japanese medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = Chi-Ha (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces tree in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The {{PAGENAME}} has little to no armour against its common opponents like the [[Pz.II (Disambiguation)|Pz.II]]. It has only 25 mm of armour on the turret cheeks and the frontal plate, and 20-25 mm at the hull sides. Its thin armour might only, with some luck, bounce off some auto-cannon shells while angling, or block the low penetration shells from a distance. Unfortunately, when being hit and penetrated, the {{PAGENAME}} is usually destroyed with one or two shots. However, this tank has a fairly small frontal profile, making it harder to be hit. Also, for the guns lacking post-penetration damage, the {{PAGENAME}} has an alright survivability, as it has a total of 5 crews and they are fairly spaced out due to the long hull. The huge transmission system at the front of the tank can also serve as further protection for the crew members, at the price of making the tank immobile and thus vulnerable.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Armour!!Front!!Sides!!Rear!!Roof
|-
|Hull||25 mm (11-31°) ''Front plate''
15-17 mm (62-80°) ''Front glacis''

15 mm (37-59°) ''Lower glacis''
|25 mm (25 / 40°) ''Top''
25 mm ''Bottom''
|15 mm (69°) ''Top''
20 mm (5-57°)
|12 mm
|-
|Turret||25 mm (9-10°) ''Turret front''
30-35 mm ''Gun mantlet''
|25 mm (9-10°)||25 mm||10 mm
|-
!Armour!!Sides!!Roof
|-
|Cupola||25 mm||10 mm
|}'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=263|rbMinHp=150}}

In general, this tank can get to pretty much anywhere an average medium tank can get to. The engine of the {{PAGENAME}} is not powerful at all with its 170 hp power output, but luckily the tank itself only weighs 15 tons, therefore giving it an average power-to-weight ratio of 11.33. The 40 km/h top speed is pretty useful as it reaches this speed easily. The turning ability is not ideal, as its tracks are long, narrow and close to each other, making it slow and sluggish in a turn.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 1 (47 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 1 (47 mm)|47 mm Type 1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 104 || rowspan="2" | -15°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 14.28 || 19.76 || 24.00 || 26.54 || 28.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.29 || rowspan="2" | 3.80 || rowspan="2" | 3.50 || rowspan="2" | 3.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.92 || 10.50 || 12.75 || 14.10 || 15.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 77 || 75 || 67 || 58 || 50 || 44
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 808 || 1.49 || 1.2 || 9 || 22.4 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''104''' || 75 ''(+29)'' || 71 ''(+33)'' || 66 ''(+38)'' || 54 ''(+50)'' || 9 ''(+95)'' || 1 ''(+103)'' || Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 66 ''(+48)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Type 97 (7.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Type 97 (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Hull || 3,000 (20) || 499 || -8°/+10° || ±15°
|-
| Pintle || 1,000 (20) || 499 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Chi-Ha Kai (Kai means "improved) is an upgrade of the Chi-Ha that replaces the low-velocity 57 mm gun with the very good 47 mm Type 1 tank gun and adds one more crew to make a total of five with three in the turret. Compared to other rank I vehicles this gun is powerful and very good.

The 5th crewman, in a three-man turret, improves survivability accordingly. However it is still a lightly armoured vehicle with only moderate mobility, so the tactics used with the Chi-Ha are to stay close to teammates and always play sneaky remain the most important.

Another problem is that the Chi-Ha Kai retains the hand-cranked turret, which is quite slow to turn. So the best idea is to plan ahead before any attacks, think where the enemy may be and find a place to hide the bulky tank from the enemy and wait for the enemy to come towards the position. Now, this is somewhat important "'''Don't''' look for the enemy, let the '''enemy''' look for the Chi-Ha Kai.", Of course, the Chi-Ha Kai could still go look for the enemy, but always be on alert and make sure to have a friend for firing support.

The engine provides adequate power - the power-weight ratio is comparable with other tanks of the late 1930's - but this tank was built from 1942 onwards so it is low compared to contemporary designs.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* B1 bis / ter: the B1 can easily destroy the Chi-Ha when using both of its guns, but when angling only the 47mm gun is available, meaning that the Chi-Ha can take some more hits. It is very hard to destroy the Char B1 from a distance, so get as close as possible with the ideal range being no more than 300m. Aim at their flat hull side, turret side, hull cannon mount or the driving compartment (the near-vertical frontal armor right below the turret). Upon penetrating, the Chi-Ha's 47mm APHE can knock out several crews, and your quick reload allows you to finish the rest off in time. However if the B1 has folded armor plates on their hull sides then it is a B1 ter, avoid shooting at its sides.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Improved sloped armour compared to the reserve vehicles
* Quite fast (up to 44 km/h), allowing it to get to certain spots in time
* Lovely climbing ability combined with the amazing -15 degrees gun depression, it is great at mountain combat
* Has a vertical stabiliser which most tanks don't have, allowing the Chi-Ha Kai to get the first shot off
* Decent cannon can frontally penetrate common targets like [[M3 Lee]] and [[T-70]]
* Great turning ability in low gear

'''Cons:'''

* 47 mm armament may be underpowered in an uptier, especially in frontal engagements against a [[B1 bis]] or [[Matilda III|Matilda]]
* Thin armour can be penetrated by 20 mm/.50 cal up close

== History ==

{{main|Chi-Ha (Family)|l1=History of the Type 97 Chi-Ha}}

===Development===
[[File:ShinHoTo Turret Testing.jpg|alt=Unarmed Kai Turret On A Type 1 Chi-He Hull|thumb|Unarmed Kai Turret On A [[Chi-He|Type 1 Chi-He]] Hull]]
In 1939, the [[Chi-Ha|Type 97 Chi-Ha]] first saw service in the Imperial Japanese Army. It was an improvement over its predecessor the [[I-Go Ko|Type 89 I-Go]] with its improved road speed and armour. However, it still had the same low-velocity 57 mm armament. While adequate against infantry and fortifications, it lacks in anti-tank power to slug it out in a tank-to-tank fight. This came to light when Colonel Seinosuke Sonoda, commander of the 7th Tank Regiment, called for an improvement in the Type 97's armament to the newer 47 mm gun when it was found that the Japanese tanks had trouble fighting even the American [[M3 Stuart|M3 light tanks]]. The request led to the retooling of the factories prepared to produce the 47 mm armed [[Chi-He|Type 1 Chi-He]] to instead integrate the turret onto the existing Type 97 chassis. This improved variant of the Type 97 medium tank design was called the '''Type 97-''Kai'' ''Shinhoto'' Chi-Ha''' (''Kai'' for "Improved" and ''Shinhoto'' for "New turret").<ref name="ZalogaChiHavsSherman">Zaloga Steven. ''M4 Sherman vs Type 97 Chi-Ha: The Pacific 1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2012</ref> This new Type 97 would start mass-production in early 1942 next to the original Type 97 model until the 47 mm gun production can keep up with the demand, which did and the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai became the standard Type 97 model from 1942 to 1943. Up to 930 Type 97 Chi-Ha Kais would be produced in this production lifetime.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref>

===Combat Usage===
====1942-1943====
[[File:Chi-Ha (Kai) 11th Regiment.jpg|left|thumb|[[Chi-Ha (Family)|Chi-Ha']]<nowiki/>s Of The 11th Regiment]]
The new Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai first saw use in the Philippines campaign, where the complaint first arose of the inadequacy of the Japanese tank armament. Five were used in the Matsuoka Detachment during the Corregidor landing on 5 May 1942. These tanks helped surmount American defences, which were inadequate in dealing with tank assaults. This eventually led to the Japanese victory in the Philippines on May 6. After these conquests, Japanese doctrinal changes from an offensive standpoint to a defensive one led to a shift in priorities. The defence of Imperial Japan's new territorial gain required a large navy and airforce to provide support in a large distance. The tanks, seen as an offensive type of weapon, were deemed unnecessary in the priorities attached with the industry. Combined with the rejection of any notion of hostility towards the Soviet Union, which would require a large tank force, led to a drop in tank production from priority A1 to a flat D. While tank development continued to progress for improved tanks, this led to the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai to be the best tank Japan could field out to their garrison stationed in China and the Pacific islands, meaning this was all they had against the incoming American, Commonwealth, and Chinese ground forces.<ref name="ZalogaChiHavsSherman" />

{{Break}}

Regardless, the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai trucked onwards in the IJA. In the 1942 campaign in the Southwest Pacific, the islands were mainly forested and hilly so it produced an unsuitable environment for tanks. A dozen were used at Guadalcanal as part of the Sumiyoshi Force landing in October as the 1st Independent Tank Company. These tanks helped the Japanese attack the Matanika River, but the Chi-Ha Kais was simply knocked out by 37 mm anti-tank gun the U.S. Marines brought in, leading to an end to armoured operations. The tank force saw more usage in the Central Pacific islands, but in these stages at 1943 and 1944, they faced against superior [[M4|M4 Sherman]] fielded by America. With the increasing vulnerability of Japanese tanks to American anti-tank capabilities, commanders often resort to keeping the tanks in entrenched and fixed locations to reduce their exposure and hopefully catch an enemy medium tank by the sides, which the 47 mm can penetrate.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" />

====1944-1945====
The Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai would see more usage in the Battle of Guam and Saipan when tanks from the 9th Tank Regiment were sent to defend these two vitally important islands. As the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kais were the only tanks able to reasonably defeat the M4 Shermans, it was a substantial upgrade in the Japanese defences in comparison to its previous battles. The Americans invaded Saipan on 15 June 1944 along with two tank battalions consisting of [[M4A2|M4A2 Shermans]] and [[M3A1 Stuart|flamethrower-equipped M3A1 Stuarts]]. Another weapon to add to the U.S. invasion arsenal was the bazooka, which now presented any U.S. infantry formation with the power to destroy even the heaviest armoured Japanese tank. In the first three days of the Battle of Saipan, the armoured forces were thrown against the American beachhead forces. The first two days had small sporadic units attack the American beachheads, all were annihilated by American bazookas and tank guns. On the night of June 16-17, the entire 9th Tank Regiment's forces of 44 tanks attacked the American lines. Illuminated by navy light flares, all the Japanese tanks in the one of the largest Japanese tank attack of the Pacific war were subsequently destroyed by 37 mm anti-tank guns, M4 Sherman's 75 mm guns, and 60 mm Bazookas. Only a dozen of the tanks committed survived that encounter, but these would only fall victims to the Marine's tanks later in the campaign. These same events happened in Guam, which also had the Chi-Ha Kais of the 9th Tank Regiment, and further showed the technological disparity between the two nations.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" />
[[File:Chi-Ha Kai Destroyed.jpg|alt=Knocked out etrenched Chi-Ha Kai at Iwo Jima|thumb|Knocked out etrenched Chi-Ha Kai at Iwo Jima]]
Relatively more successful usage of the Japanese tanks was during the Battle for the Philippines that took place from 1944 to 1945. The Japanese employed the 2nd Armoured Division on Luzon while the Americans fielded up to 500 armoured fighting vehicles in 10 different battalions. While outnumbered, a change in battle strategy gave the Japanese armoured forces a fighting chance. The Japanese recognition of the weakness in the Japanese's armour led to many commanders hiding their tanks in dense foliage, waiting for American tanks to come by to nail them in their side armour. Though the battle was still lost, the entrenchment of the tanks in static positions and the strategy of ambushing incoming Allied armour allowed the Japanese tanks to dish out more damage on the Americans than had they charge into the fray like in Saipan. The strangest use of the tanks in this campaign, and perhaps as a show of Japanese desperation, was the use of explosives on five tanks used in a "kamikaze" fashion to ram Sherman tanks before exploding; this strategy took out two Sherman tanks.<ref name="ZalogaChiHavsSherman" />

By the last years of the war, Japanese armour hopelessly obsolete. Iwo Jima had only a portion of the 26th Tank Regiment with a few Chi-Ha tanks in pillbox formats. Okinawa had 13 Ha-Gos and 14 Chi-Ha Kais facing against 800 Allied tanks. The Burma Campaign that lasted from 1943 to 1945 had the 14th Tank Regiment with Chi-Ha Kais annihilated by British and Indian forces with [[M4|Shermans]] and [[M3 Lee|M3 Lees]], a show of how obsolete tanks of the European theatre can be superior to even the best Japanese tanks. Perhaps the final blow to Japan's armour was in Manchuria when the Soviet Union invaded in August 1945. The Soviets, whose standard tanks were now the [[T-34-85]] and the [[IS-2]], fielded up to 5,000 armoured vehicles against Japan's 1st and 9th Tank Brigade. The final Japanese tank battle came on August 18, three days after Japan's surrender with the United States, when Soviet forces landed at Shimushu Island. The 11th Tank Regiment, even with the knowledge of their country's surrender, attacked the Soviet forces under the rights of "self-defence if attacked" with 39 Type 97s and 25 Type 95s. The fighting between the Japanese armour and Soviet forces happened until August 20, when a cease-fire is placed.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" />

====Post World War II====
Even after the war, the Type 97's fight was not over. A large quantity left behind by Japanese forces in China were consequently snatched up and used by both sides in the Chinese Civil War. A few of the Japanese tanks captured by Soviet forces were also supplied to the Chinese and Koreans. The French also used a few captured Japanese tanks in an ad hoc unit known as 'Commando Blindé du Cambodge' in the First Indochina War. <ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" />

== Media ==

{{main|Chi-Ha (Family)#Media|l1=Media of the Type 97 Chi-Ha}}
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Chi-Ha|Type 97 Chi-Ha]] (base hull)
* [[Chi-Ha Short Gun|Type 97 Chi-Ha Short Gun]] (Naval gun-tank)

;Tanks of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[Panzer III]]
* [[M2]]
* [[Crusader Mk II]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4272-development-newsflash-from-igromir-2016-new-ships-and-first-look-at-japanese-ground-forces-en/|[News] Newsflash from IgroMir 2016! New ships and first look at Japanese Ground Forces! (Type 95 & Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai)]]

===References===
<references />

{{Japan medium tanks}}