War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Su-24M

2024-11-07T13:55:15Z

U31139476: /* Details */

{{Specs-Card
|code=su_24m
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Dance of Dragons"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at 11,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1827 || 1817 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 29.2 || 29.8 || 130.3 || 124.3 || rowspan="2" | 950
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || X || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | _____ || _
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| ___ kg || colspan="2" | ___
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf<br>(_ km/h) || ___ kgf<br>(_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|GSh-6-23M (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 1 x 23 mm GSh-6-23M cannon, belly-mounted (500 rpg) + 24 x large calibre countermeasures
** 1 x 23 mm GSh-6-23M cannon + 96 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x R-60M missiles + 1 x 3,000 l drop tank + 2 x 2,000 l drop tanks
* 4 x R-60M missiles
* 38 x 100 kg OFAB-100 bombs (3,800 kg total)
* 28 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (7,000 kg total)
* 16 x 250 kg FAB-250M-62 bombs (4,000 kg total)
* 10 x 500 kg FAB-500M-62 bombs (5,000 kg total)
* 16 x 250 kg OFAB-250Sh bombs (4,000 kg total)
* 9 x 500 kg FAB-500Sh bombs (4,500 kg total)
* 3 x 1,500 kg FAB-1500M-46 bombs (4,500 kg total)
* 6 x 500 kg KAB-500Kr-E bombs (3,000 kg total)
* 7 x 500 kg KAB-500L bombs (3,500 kg total)
* 7 x 500 kg KAB-500S bombs (3,500 kg total)
* 3 x 500 kg KAB-500S bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 3 x 1,500 kg KAB-1500Kr bombs (4,500 kg total)
* 1 x 1,500 kg KAB-1500Kr bomb (1,500 kg total)
* 3 x 1,500 kg KAB-1500L bombs (4,500 kg total)
* 192 x S-5K rockets
* 120 x S-8KO rockets
* 4 x S-24B rockets
* 6 x S-25O rockets
* 30 x S-13OF rockets
* 4 x Kh-23M missiles
* 4 x Kh-25ML missiles
* 3 x Kh-29L missiles
* 3 x Kh-29TE missiles
* 4 x S-25LD missiles
* 6 x S-25LD missiles
* 3 x 23 mm GSh-6-23M cannons (500 rpg = 1,500 total)
* 7 x ZB-500 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Loads of air to ground munitions, with abilities to carry 3 of the heavy FAB-1500s and its guided versions
* In-built targeting system with laser tracking
* Highest burst mass firing gun in game

*

'''Cons:'''

* Heavy, hence not recommended in prolonged dogfights, especially after the first turn
* No thermals in targeting system
* Only radar is ground-track radar, which is scan only and cannot be adjusted at all
* Mediocre acceleration
* While MAWs are useful, they are very unreliable; giving warnings sometimes when no missiles are fired and sometimes no warnings when missiles are actually fired at you

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


[[wt:en/news/9061-development-su-24m-a-suitcase-full-of-surprises-en|[Devblog] Su-24M: A “Suitcase” Full of Surprises]]

{{AirManufacturer Sukhoi}}
{{USSR jet aircraft}}

Turbine (Family)

2024-09-18T11:34:46Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Turbine-class destroyer}}
==Description==
The '''Turbine'''-class were a group of 8 destroyers built for the Regia Marina in the 1920s.

The Turbine-class comprised 8 destroyers named after winds ([[RN Turbine|Turbine]], Borea, Nembo, [[RN Aquilone|Aquilone]], Euro, Espero, Zeffiro, and Ostro). It was one of the first classes of military ships after the First World War. This class succeeded fairly well, they had 2 twin turrets with [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] guns with 6 torpedoes for auxiliary armament.

They fought in the war, but suffered 6 losses by 1940 and the other 2 sank after the armistice of 8 September.

The Turbine-class ships presented characteristics that can be defined as intermediate between the ships of the first post-war period and those of the 1930s. They were launched in 1927-28, and compared to their predecessors had a hull lengthened by 3 m, so as to be able to accommodate a 10% more powerful propulsion apparatus.

Propulsion was given by 2 groups of steam turbines on 2 axles, each on a funnel of different sizes (the front funnel was larger) with a modest 40,000 horsepower. The torpedo launchers were 2 triple mounts of 533 mm, there were also depth charges and, similarly to the other ships of the type in service in the Regia Marina, up to 50 mines could be carried.

The main armament was based on 2 twin turrets of [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] cannons.The twin cannons allowed for a much more compact design of the ships than 4 single installations, and certainly also contributed to the aesthetic harmony of the design, more compact and powerful, but the cannons very close together interfered with each other during fire, causing a dispersion of fire that haunted the naval engineers throughout the war.

Turbine-class ships:

*[[RN Turbine]] (1927)
*RN Borea (1927)
*RN Nembo (1927)
*[[RN Aquilone]] (1927)
*RN Euro (1927)
*RN Espero (1928)
*RN Zeffiro (1928)
*RN Ostro (1928)

==Vehicles==
===Rank I===

* [[RN Turbine]] <sub>(1927)</sub>
* [[RN Aquilone]] <sub>(1927)</sub>

<small>Vehicles are listed in order of refit year, not build year</small>

{{Italy destroyers}}
[[Category:Family pages]]

RN Turbine

2024-09-18T11:34:19Z

U31139476: /* Turbine-class */ moved family history

{{About
| about = Italian Destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Turbine (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_destroyer_turbine
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Turbine''' was the lead ship of the Turbine-class destroyers, improved and enlarged versions of the preceding Sauro-class. Turbine was completed on 27th August 1927, and saw some action throughout her service life. During the Spanish Civil War, Turbine torpedoed and sank Soviet cargo ship Timiryazev carrying coal from Cardiff to Port Said. During her first war patrol on 13th June 1940, Turbine participated in the detection and sinking of British O-class submarine HMS Odin at the entrance of the Gulf of Taranto. She later also participated in the bombardment of the British-held port of Sollum, Egypt as retaliation after a British air attack on Tobruk. On 19th June, Turbine scored her second and last kill of the war, detecting another O-class submarine, HMS Orpheus, about 25 miles north of Tobruk and sinking it with depth charges. Between July and September 1940, Turbine survived multiple air attacks while at anchor in the ports of Tobruk and later Benghazi; except Euro, all her other sisters were sunk in the attacks. In 1942, Turbine underwent refit which changed her anti-aircraft weaponry to seven 20 mm Breda Model 1935 autocannons as the obsolete 40 mm pompoms were removed. Two depth charge launchers were also added. After Italy signed the Armistice, Turbine was ordered to surrender to Germany while at anchor at Piraeus, Greece. She was renamed TA14 and served in the Aegean until sunk by USAAF air attack with rockets in Salamis on 16th September 1944.

'''{{Specs|name}}''' was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]] as Italian reserve destroyer. Her armament is relatively weak with very long reload of 11 sec, compared to her much faster firing contemporaries. Unlike them however, she has access to APHE shells, as well as HE-TF and standard HE shells. Turbine also has access to quite powerful torpedoes, capable of reaching speeds of up to 94 km/h, although limited to range of only 4 km. Turbine is best used as an ambusher, capable of delivering fast and deadly torpedo attacks at close range.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

RN Turbine is the second smallest ship at its battle rating with a hull length of 91 m compared to 93 m for [[Leopard]] or 98 m for the Soviet [[Frunze]].

The hull is lined with 16 mm steel, in combination with Turbine's small stature this creates a perfect combination of a tough and small ship, perfect for dueling foes.

Her crew consists of 179 sailors which makes her the top vessel with the most crew members at her battle rating. In second place is Frunze with 168 and in third place is [[USS Barker]] with 150.

These ships mentioned above will be the most commonly encountered in battle, along with Type 1924 Leopard. The advantage is that all three have one thing in common, they all have little protection on the main hold.

Barker and Leopard are the most vulnerable because right next to the hold they have the main fuel tank, something the Frunze does not have.

Unfortunately, RN Turbine also suffers from this small but important problem, because during combat the front of the ship is one of the most vulnerable. To remedy this flaw, it is recommended to angle the ship slightly to the left or right (to keep the profile of the ship smaller) in the direction of enemy fire, so enemy projectiles do not find a flat surface to penetrate and blow up the main hold, knocking the ship out of battle!

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

RN Turbine is equipped with 2 powerful turbines delivering 40,000 horsepower, allowing it to travel at 36 knots (66 km/h). Its draught of only 3 m makes it very agile even at its maximum speed. Its rudder can turn from left to right and vice versa in just 5 seconds.

The advantage of being small and wide increases the stability of the ship even in case of a sudden turn. RN Turbine is able to stop completely from maximum speed in 32 seconds and its maximum speed in reverse is -14 knots (-26 km/h).

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 60
|SpeedBackStockAB = 23
|TurnTimeStockAB = 103.683
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 42
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)}}

First produced by Ansaldo in 1926, this gun was continually modified during the 1930s by both Ansaldo and Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO).

The 120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 in the double mounts suffered from excessive dispersion which seems to be the result of mounting the barrels too close together. On later destroyers, a single 120 mm/50 (4.7") mount was used to replace the obsolete 120 mm/15 (4.7") star howitzers, thus improving the ship's firepower.

In combat this type of weapon is very strong at its battle rating, as it offers HE, APHE, and HE-TF ammunition.

The speed of the rounds are 850 m/s and have a reload of 8.2 seconds. HE and HE-TF have an explosive mass of 2.39 kg and APHE 1.16 kg.

The HE shells which RN Turbine can use are currently the most explosive, the [[Frunze]] only has 2.1 kg, [[Leopard]] has 2 kg, the [[IJN Mutsuki]] 1.86 kg, the [[USS Litchfield]] 1.23 kg and the [[HMS Churchill]] with only 721 g. The great velocity of its rounds guarantees an almighty success in long-distance fights.

{{:120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)/Ammunition|120 mm HE Dirompente, 120 mm APBC Perforante, 120 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)}}

Introduced into the Royal Navy in March 1915 as a large calibre MG AA. These guns used 25-round fabric belts, which are used only in single mounts. Britain produced a total of 795 cannons of which 577 were still available in 1939.

The original Mark II design was prone to many defects and the Mark II* was a modified version that improved reliability.

Stoppages and jams were still common in these models as the bullets slipped out of their mounts and the fabric belts which carried them often tore. The Mark II*C was another modification that used a 14-shot steel-link belt instead of the fabric belt. These steel-mesh belts were also used on the later 2-pdr. Mark VIIIs.

About 50 of these guns were sold to the Italian Navy. They were then manufactured under license by Terni (Italy) until the early 1930s. The Terni version used a 50-round ammunition box.

RN Turbine is equipped with no less than three 40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 guns, 2 in the center and 1 in the rear of the ship.

This positioning guarantees complete aerial coverage within a radius of 1.1 km. Unfortunately, their short range limits the air defense of the ship, but as soon as an air target enters the maximum effective range of these anti-aircraft guns, i.e. 800 m, the aircraft will be instantly neutralized by the HE-TF rounds which use 31 g of explosive.

{{:40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)/Ammunition|40 mm HE-TF}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|Bollo P.125/1932 mine}}

RN Turbine is equipped with 6 torpedoes [[S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Type A (533 mm)]] and 52 [[Bollo P.125/1932 mine|Bollo P.125/1932 mines]].

The torpedo launchers are arranged in a linear fashion in the central part of the ship and have a range of 180 degrees on both sides of the ship.

The torpedoes without the improved torpedo modification have a range of 4 km and travel at 76 km/h, while with the modification installed the torpedoes increase the range to 12 km, however their speed is reduced to 48 km/h.

These torpedoes have a mass of 1,781 kg and inside they contain 250 kg of explosives. After their launch, they need 50 metres to arm themselves and become completely destructive.

The 52 mines are positioned at the rear of the ships carried on rails that start from the middle of the ship and go all the way to the stern.

The mines in question have a mass of 221 kg of which 125 kg of explosives alone, once released into the sea these mines will stay stationary to float and will not detonate until a ship goes very close.

== Usage in battles ==

RN Turbine at its battle level has a good armament composed of 4 [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]], which can cause a lot of damage to enemy ships. HE can destroy enemy boats with one shot, APHE projectiles can cause massive damage and destroy enemy ships such as destroyers in a few shots, targeting their unarmoured or weakly protected areas.

Using the main armament as if it were anti-aircraft, you can use the HE-TF as these shots explode near the aerial target, based on the distance calculated by the crew of the ship, causing its destruction or severe critical damage. The only problem with the main guns is the reload time of 8.5 seconds. The ship has only 3 anti-aircraft guns ([[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod. 1915 /1917]]) which are very powerful but their range is very low, which consequently reduces their effectiveness.

RN Turbine is the smallest reserve of all the reserve bluewater ships in the game. The ship has good speed and manoeuvrability which makes it capable of dodging enemy torpedoes. The ship can also carry mines and torpedoes, mines are deadly and can cause severe damage to destroyers making them sink very fast, while torpedoes can be modified with torpedo mode. From stock the torpedoes reach a distance of 4 km and have a speed of 76 km/h while if you use the torpedo mode modification they become much slower (48 km/h), while the distance is increased to 12 km.

RN Turbine must be used as a support ship or for side attacks; its cannons fire slowly but cause serious damage to enemy ships. It is not recommended to go to the front lines because enemies have the ability to easily destroy RN Turbine with a single well-placed shot between the main hold and the tank. The ship is also very small so it is a difficult target to hit, especially over long distances.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Largest naval mine payload at its rank
* Effective primary armament ([[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]]) and choice of ammunition (APHE, HE, HE-TF)
* Good survivability (large crew)
* Good speed (67 km/h)
* Good manoeuvrability (circa 45 seconds for a complete circle)

'''Cons:'''

* Lacks protection
* Slow reload for the primary armament it reloads in 8,5 seconds
* Slow turn rate of AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]]
* Short range AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]]
* The ammo rack can explode easily when hit, causing the ship to explode
* Carrying mines, if the ship is hit in the mine they will do an ammo rack explosion on the ship resulting in the total destruction of RN Turbine

== History ==


=== RN Turbine ===
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (3).png|thumb|RN Turbine during military exercises]]
On 24 March 1925 RN Turbine was laid down at the shipyard construction site Oderno (Genoa). It was launched on 21 April 1927, and entered into service on 27 August.

In 1932, Turbine was one of the first units of the Regia Marina to receive a fire control unit of the "Galileo-Bergamini" type, designed by the then Captain Carlo Bergamini.

In 1934, RN Turbine, Aquilone, Nembo, and Euro formed the VIIIa Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere (VIII Destroyer Squadron) and with IVa Squadriglia, it was attached to the II Divisione Navale (II Naval Division), composed by heavy cruisers Fiume and Gorizia and framed in the 1a Squadra Navale (1st Naval Squad).

It took part in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) to counter the smuggling of supplies for the Spanish republican troops. During these operations, on 30 August 1937, RN Turbine torpedoed and sank the Soviet steamship Tymiryazev with the help of its sister RN Ostro.

At the entrance of Italy in the Second World War, Turbine, together with its sister ships RN Euro, Nembo, and Aquilone, composed the I Destroyer Squadron based in Tobruk.
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (1).png|thumb|RN Turbine during speed tests]]
During the night between 13 and 14 June 1940, RN Turbine and the destroyer RN Strale carried out an anti-submarine hunting mission in the Gulf of Taranto.

On 19 June, RN Turbine sank the British submarine Orpheus.

In the night between 16 and 17 September, RN Turbine was moored next to Aquilone at the main pier of the port of Benghazi, when the latter was bombed by nine aircraft of the 815th Squadron launched from the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious: in this attack the destroyer RN Borea and the steamers Maria Eugenia and Gloriastella were sunk.

Some other units were damaged, though not critically. RN Turbine was hit in the aft rangefinder by two big pieces of shrapnel projected by the explosions on Maria Eugenia; the result was the disablement of the stern fire control equipment and the wounding of 6 men.

On 17 September, RN Turbine and Aquilone received orders to move to Tripoli and sailed at 20:15 directly to that base, but half an hour later RN Aquilone hit two mines and began to sink.

Initially it was not understood what had provoked the explosions and, fearing another attack from the sky, Turbine accelerated and began to zigzag, and then tried to contact its sister unit, from which there was no answer; before RN Turbine could reverse course, it was ordered to continue to Tripoli, to avoid being hit by ordnance during its turn.

On 4 July 1942, RN Turbine escorted a convoy composed by the motorboats Ankara, Nino Bixio and Sestriere, together with the destroyers Corsaro, Legionario, Folgore, Grecale, and Saetta, as well as the torpedo boats Partenope and Calliope; the ships reached their destination in spite of numerous air attacks; on that occasion there was also the first attack conducted by American aircraft against Italian units (it was an attack by Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers).
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (2).png|thumb|RN Turbine in a convoy]]
In the last phase of the war it was employed in the Aegean.

In 1943, at the proclamation of the armistice, RN Turbine was in Piraeus. The crew initially rejoiced at the news, thinking that the ship would return home; while the crews of two tugboats came on board asking to be allowed to return to Italy with RN Turbine, the order was given to put the boilers under pressure.

At nine o'clock in the evening the commander of the destroyer, temporarily absent for shore engagements, returned aboard the ship, while the initial jubilation was replaced by concern: communications between RN Turbine and the other ships had failed, and the crew was sent to battle stations, while the ship was positioned in the channel leading to the port.

A few minutes after midnight, the commander of the German minelayer Drache came aboard RN Turbine and explained that the Italian destroyer was under fire from German 150 mm coastal batteries, which would open fire if the unit attempted to leave; in addition, Drache had just laid a new minefield outside the harbor.

Moreover, even if the destroyer had managed to get away unscathed, it would have been attacked by Luftwaffe aircraft stationed in Athens as the sun rose. At dawn, having ascertained the truth of this fact, the crew prepared to scuttle the ship, while the commander went ashore; at ten o'clock in the morning the order to turn off the boilers was received, while at 11:20 the commander returned aboard RN Turbine and explained that the command of the Italian troops in Greece had ordered to deliver the ship intact to the Kriegsmarine.

On September 9, 1943 the ship was delivered intact by its crew to the German troops; some members of the crew opted to remain on board and continue to fight with the Germans, while most of the staff, after having disembarked on the promise of a safe return to Italy, were sent to prison camps in Germany and Poland.

Incorporated into the Kriegsmarine, RN Turbine assumed the new name TA 14.

After a refit, the Germans added 20 mm machine guns to the ship, it was assigned to the 9th Torpedo Flotilla and took part in the occupation of Rhodes at the end of 1943, then it was employed in the Aegean with escort duties.

On 1 February 1944, it was hit with rockets and damaged by British aircraft. Repaired at Salamina, it briefly resumed escort duty. On June 19, while in Portolago (Leros), it was again damaged by explosive charges placed by British raiders.

On 16 September 1944, while in Salamina for repairs, it was hit by bombs and sunk during an American aerial bombardment.

Since the entry into service of RN Turbine, in the long convoy war 1940-1943, in addition to the sinking of the Orpheus, five enemy torpedo bombers were shot down.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_destroyer_turbine Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Zt6JJt5uYgs|'''The Shooting Range #228''' - ''Triathlon'' section at 8:55 compares the reserve destroyers.}}

== See also ==


* [[RN Aquilone]]
* [[RN Dardo]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy destroyers}}

M6 Heavy (Family)

2024-09-11T21:46:44Z

U31139476: Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:M6 Heavy (Family)}} ==Description== The M6 Heavy was one of the first American Heavy tanks, developed by Baldwin Locomotive. ==Vehicles== === Rank III=== * [..."

{{DISPLAYTITLE:M6 Heavy (Family)}}

==Description==
The M6 Heavy was one of the first American Heavy tanks, developed by Baldwin Locomotive.

==Vehicles==
=== Rank III===

* [[M6A1]]
* [[T1E1]]

=== Rank IV===
* [[M6A2E1]]

AMX

2024-08-30T22:15:07Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Italian '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = AMX (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=amx
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''AMX International AMX''', known in Italian service as '''A-11 ''Ghibli''''', is a joint venture between Alenia and Aermacchi of Italy, and EMBRAER of Brazil. Italy initiated a requirement for a new aircraft to replace the Fiat [[G.91 Y]]'s that were in service, while Brazil joined the venture primarily to replace an Italian aircraft in their service, the Aermacchi MB-326. After several prototypes, the AMX was adopted into service by the air forces of both Italy and Brazil. Initially, the primary variant in service was the A-11A, with the AMX-T serving as the dual-seater trainer variant. The AMX served for many decades and demonstrated its worth in multiple deployments. The AMX ACOL was a further upgrade which outfitted 55 AMX-11A aircraft with new avionics. These enhancements included the addition of an INS/GPS navigation system, new communication systems, IFF, and new HUD displays. The most significant addition to the upgrade was the capability to deploy smart munitions, such as JDAM bombs, which later played an essential role in its deployment in Afghanistan.

It was introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]]. As a subsonic strike aircraft, it will fly similarly to other planes in its role, such as the [[A-10A|A-10]], [[Su-25 (Family)|Su-25]], [[Harrier (Family)|Harrier]], and, most notably, the [[A-6E TRAM]], the variant featured in the game is the A-11A. While it is capable of carrying up to two AIM-9Ls and comes equipped with internal countermeasures, it can also be used, though not intended, in an air-to-air role. This is preferably done when the pylons aren't loaded with ordnance, as it significantly affects the plane's performance. When utilized for its intended role, the AMX can carry up to six GBU Paveway II guided bombs or eight "dumb" unguided bombs. These capabilities can be devastating for enemy ground forces while showcasing the AMX's value as a formidable Close Air Support plane for allied forces.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,140 || 1,132 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.7 || 32.9 || 76.2 || 67.5 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,180  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 850 || 793 || 500 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 650 || < 650 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Spey 807 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,807 kg || colspan="3" | 417 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 1,856 kg || colspan="2" | Low-bypass turbofan
| 7,644 kg || 8,447 kg || 9,269 kg || 9,597 kg || 13,550 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,719 kgf || -
| 0.62 || 0.56 || 0.51 || 0.49 || 0.35
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,120 kgf<br>(1,000 - 1,180 km/h) || -
| 0.67 || 0.61 || 0.55 || 0.53 || 0.38
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (400 rpg)
* 120 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6 !! width="6%" | 7
| rowspan="14" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 1* || 1, 2 * || || 1, 2 * || 1* ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 1* || 1* || || 1* || 1* ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[GBU-24 Paveway III (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III]] bombs
| || || 1* || || 1* || ||
|-
! [[BLU-1 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[ARF/8M3(AP-AT)]] rockets
| || 25 || 25, 50 || || 25, 50 || 25 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! CLDP targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || ||
|-
! 580 l drop tanks
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
| colspan="8" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,500 kg
|-
| colspan="9" | * CLDP pod must be equipped when equipping guided bombs
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 580 l drop tanks
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 150 x ARF/8M3(AP-AT) rockets
* 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 6 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (1,662 kg total)
* 4 x 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs (4,368 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 5 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great payload options
** GBUs and thermals provide strong and accurate ground strike options for Ground Battles
* Internal mounted countermeasures
* Relatively nimble for a strike aircraft
* AIM-9Ls are potent in a downtier
** Gun radar can be used to detect enemies or slave your AIM-9Ls

'''Cons:'''

* Rather limited ammo for Vulcan standards
* Slow acceleration at lower speeds, struggles with larger payloads
* Subsonic speed
** Bleeds most of its energy in dogfights quickly, poor acceleration means you will almost always be on the defensive
* Once your AIM-9Ls are expended you are mostly helpless

== History ==

The story of AMX International began with a joint cooperation between Alenia-Aermacchi of Italy and EMBRAER of Brazil. The project emerged from the need to find a suitable replacement for the [[G.91 Y]] and to assume its role as a ground attacker. The [[G.91 Y]] was becoming outdated and unreliable, prompting the search for a more modern aircraft. Italy also sought an advanced multi-role platform with reconnaissance capabilities. Brazil joined the collaboration to replace the outdated Aermacchi MB-326, which was not adapted for modern warfare.

After several years of development, setbacks in the form of accidents, and prototype testing, the A-11 officially entered service in Italy by 1989. One of its main advantages as a fighter and attack aircraft is its significantly lower costs compared to its competitors. The A-11s are equipped with a variant of the EL/M-20001B radar, manufactured by Fiar in Italy and designed by Elta in Israel.

The A-11A has an extensive service record, thanks to its versatile armament options, including AIM-9L infrared-guided Sidewinder air-to-air missiles, as well as various bombs, rockets, and {{Annotation|PGM|Precision-Guided Munitions}}s. The Italian version features a 20 mm M61A1 Vulcan cannon, while the Brazilian version uses 30 mm Defa cannons due to a U.S. veto on the M61A1 cannon for Brazil.

For defence, the AMX is equipped with an active and passive electronic countermeasures system supplied by Elettronica, with the {{Annotation|RWR|Radar Warning Receiver}} mounted inside the tail fin. In terms of performance, the A-11 can reach speeds of 1053 km/h, thanks to the Rolls-Royce Spey 807 turbofan engine, providing a range of 889 km. Its rate of climb and service ceiling are impressive for an aircraft of its type.

Later in its service life, the A-11 received an upgrade known as the A-11B / AMX ACOL ({{Annotation|Aggiornamento Capacità Operative e Logistiche; Update to Logistical and Operative Capabilities}}), a mid-life update aimed at enhancing logistical and operative capabilities. This update included new avionics, an INS/GPS navigation system, improved communications systems, {{Annotation|IFF|Identification Friend or Foe}}, and new HUD displays. The most significant addition was the ability to deploy smart munitions, such as JDAM bombs, allowing A-11s to provide better close air support in Afghanistan. The A-11B first flew in September 2005, with the first batch of upgraded aircraft delivered in March 2007. The A-11B remains in service and is likely to continue so for the foreseeable future.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=amx Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|5dWETK5VPHI|'''The Shooting Range #394''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[AMX A-1A]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[Alpha Jet (Family)]]
* [[Jaguar (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://www.leonardo.com/it/news-and-stories-detail/-/detail/amx-acol-the-ghibli-at-the-nation-s-service (IT) AMX "Ghibli"]
* [https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/scienza-tecnologia/schede/3o210-00394/ (IT) AMX ACOL: il "Ghibli" al servizio del Paese]

{{AirManufacturer AMX International}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

AMX

2024-08-30T22:11:50Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Italian '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = AMX (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=amx
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''AMX International AMX''', known in Italian service as '''A-11 ''Ghibli''''', is a joint venture between Alenia and Aermacchi of Italy, and EMBRAER of Brazil. Italy initiated a requirement for a new aircraft to replace the Fiat [[G.91 Y]]'s that were in service, while Brazil joined the venture primarily to replace an Italian aircraft in their service, the Aermacchi MB-326. After several prototypes, the AMX was adopted into service by the air forces of both Italy and Brazil. Initially, the primary variant in service was the A-11A, with the AMX-T serving as the dual-seater trainer variant. The AMX served for many decades and demonstrated its worth in multiple deployments. The AMX ACOL was a further upgrade which outfitted 55 AMX-11A aircraft with new avionics. These enhancements included the addition of an INS/GPS navigation system, new communication systems, IFF, and new HUD displays. The most significant addition to the upgrade was the capability to deploy smart munitions, such as JDAM bombs, which later played an essential role in its deployment in Afghanistan.

It was introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]]. As a subsonic strike aircraft, it will fly similarly to other planes in its role, such as the [[A-10A|A-10]], [[Su-25 (Family)|Su-25]], [[Harrier (Family)|Harrier]], and, most notably, the [[A-6E TRAM]], the variant featured in the game is the A-11B / AMX ACOL. While it is capable of carrying up to two AIM-9Ls and comes equipped with internal countermeasures, it can also be used, though not intended, in an air-to-air role. This is preferably done when the pylons aren't loaded with ordnance, as it significantly affects the plane's performance. When utilized for its intended role, the AMX can carry up to six GBU Paveway II guided bombs or eight "dumb" unguided bombs. These capabilities can be devastating for enemy ground forces while showcasing the AMX's value as a formidable Close Air Support plane for allied forces.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,140 || 1,132 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.7 || 32.9 || 76.2 || 67.5 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,180  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 850 || 793 || 500 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 650 || < 650 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Spey 807 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,807 kg || colspan="3" | 417 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 1,856 kg || colspan="2" | Low-bypass turbofan
| 7,644 kg || 8,447 kg || 9,269 kg || 9,597 kg || 13,550 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,719 kgf || -
| 0.62 || 0.56 || 0.51 || 0.49 || 0.35
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,120 kgf<br>(1,000 - 1,180 km/h) || -
| 0.67 || 0.61 || 0.55 || 0.53 || 0.38
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (400 rpg)
* 120 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6 !! width="6%" | 7
| rowspan="14" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 1* || 1, 2 * || || 1, 2 * || 1* ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 1* || 1* || || 1* || 1* ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[GBU-24 Paveway III (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III]] bombs
| || || 1* || || 1* || ||
|-
! [[BLU-1 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[ARF/8M3(AP-AT)]] rockets
| || 25 || 25, 50 || || 25, 50 || 25 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! CLDP targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || ||
|-
! 580 l drop tanks
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
| colspan="8" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,500 kg
|-
| colspan="9" | * CLDP pod must be equipped when equipping guided bombs
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 580 l drop tanks
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 150 x ARF/8M3(AP-AT) rockets
* 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 6 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (1,662 kg total)
* 4 x 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs (4,368 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 5 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great payload options
** GBUs and thermals provide strong and accurate ground strike options for Ground Battles
* Internal mounted countermeasures
* Relatively nimble for a strike aircraft
* AIM-9Ls are potent in a downtier
** Gun radar can be used to detect enemies or slave your AIM-9Ls

'''Cons:'''

* Rather limited ammo for Vulcan standards
* Slow acceleration at lower speeds, struggles with larger payloads
* Subsonic speed
** Bleeds most of its energy in dogfights quickly, poor acceleration means you will almost always be on the defensive
* Once your AIM-9Ls are expended you are mostly helpless

== History ==

The story of AMX International began with a joint cooperation between Alenia-Aermacchi of Italy and EMBRAER of Brazil. The project emerged from the need to find a suitable replacement for the [[G.91 Y]] and to assume its role as a ground attacker. The [[G.91 Y]] was becoming outdated and unreliable, prompting the search for a more modern aircraft. Italy also sought an advanced multi-role platform with reconnaissance capabilities. Brazil joined the collaboration to replace the outdated Aermacchi MB-326, which was not adapted for modern warfare.

After several years of development, setbacks in the form of accidents, and prototype testing, the A-11 officially entered service in Italy by 1989. One of its main advantages as a fighter and attack aircraft is its significantly lower costs compared to its competitors. The A-11s are equipped with a variant of the EL/M-20001B radar, manufactured by Fiar in Italy and designed by Elta in Israel.

The A-11A has an extensive service record, thanks to its versatile armament options, including AIM-9L infrared-guided Sidewinder air-to-air missiles, as well as various bombs, rockets, and {{Annotation|PGM|Precision-Guided Munitions}}s. The Italian version features a 20 mm M61A1 Vulcan cannon, while the Brazilian version uses 30 mm Defa cannons due to a U.S. veto on the M61A1 cannon for Brazil.

For defence, the AMX is equipped with an active and passive electronic countermeasures system supplied by Elettronica, with the {{Annotation|RWR|Radar Warning Receiver}} mounted inside the tail fin. In terms of performance, the A-11 can reach speeds of 1053 km/h, thanks to the Rolls-Royce Spey 807 turbofan engine, providing a range of 889 km. Its rate of climb and service ceiling are impressive for an aircraft of its type.

Later in its service life, the A-11 received an upgrade known as the A-11B / AMX ACOL ({{Annotation|Aggiornamento Capacità Operative e Logistiche; Update to Logistical and Operative Capabilities}}), a mid-life update aimed at enhancing logistical and operative capabilities. This update included new avionics, an INS/GPS navigation system, improved communications systems, {{Annotation|IFF|Identification Friend or Foe}}, and new HUD displays. The most significant addition was the ability to deploy smart munitions, such as JDAM bombs, allowing A-11s to provide better close air support in Afghanistan. The A-11B first flew in September 2005, with the first batch of upgraded aircraft delivered in March 2007. The A-11B remains in service and is likely to continue so for the foreseeable future.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=amx Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|5dWETK5VPHI|'''The Shooting Range #394''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[AMX A-1A]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[Alpha Jet (Family)]]
* [[Jaguar (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://www.leonardo.com/it/news-and-stories-detail/-/detail/amx-acol-the-ghibli-at-the-nation-s-service (IT) AMX "Ghibli"]
* [https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/scienza-tecnologia/schede/3o210-00394/ (IT) AMX ACOL: il "Ghibli" al servizio del Paese]

{{AirManufacturer AMX International}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

Category:Misc Nation Vehicles

2024-08-12T14:18:11Z

U31139476: /* Other Nations */

{{Notice
|'''These are the vehicles that have a different operating country from the tech tree they're in.'''|!
}}
=Sub-Tree Nations=
==Finland==
{{Tree-Start|8|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="6"|<center>[[File:Finland flag.png|70px|link=]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Line|I Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|fokker_d21_serie3_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|b_239_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|arado-196a-5}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|h-75a-2_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_bt_42}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_vickers_mk_e_37}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_t_28}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_vickers_mk_e_45}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|II Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|ju-88a-4_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|hurricane_mk1_late_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|fokker_d21_mod20}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|morko_morane}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|vl_myrsky_2_late}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|III Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|pyorremyrsky}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_l_62_anti_II}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_J}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_t_34_1941}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_pt_76b}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_kv_1B_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|IV Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109g-2_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109g-6_erla_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109g-6_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_a_34_comet}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_charioteer_mk_7}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_t_34_85_zis_53}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|V Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|vampire_fb52_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_zsu_57_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_t_54_1951}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_itpsv_90}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|VI Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_t_55m}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_cv_9030_fin}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_t_72m1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_leopard_2a4_fin}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|VII Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|mig_21_bis_finland}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|saab_j35xs}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|fr_crotale_ng|ItO 90M|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_crotale_ng}}
{{Tree-Skip}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_crotale_ng}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_leopard_2a6nl}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-End}}

==Hungary==
{{Tree-Start|8|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="5"|<center>[[File:Kingdom Hungary flag.png|70px|link=]] [[File:Hungary flag.png|70px|link=]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line|I Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_toldi_II_a}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_39m_csaba}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|II Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|he_112b_1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_40m_turan_1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_41m_turan_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_40_43m_zrinyi_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|III Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109f-4_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|bf_110g_4_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_43m_turan_3}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_44m_zrinyi_1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|IV Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109g-2_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il-10_1946_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|yak-9p_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|tu-2_postwar_late_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_2s1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|V Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|il_28_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|mig-15bis_nr23_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|mi_24d_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_btr_80a_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_zsu_57_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|VI Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|mig-17pf_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|mi_24v_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mi_24p_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_t_72m1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_zsu_23_4}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|VII Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|mig-21_mf_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mig-21_bis_sau_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|su_22m3_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mig_23mf_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_leopard_2a4}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_kf_41}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|VIII Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|mig_29_9_12b_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|saab_jas39c_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_leopard_2a7_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-End}}

==South Africa==
{{Tree-Start|8|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="3"|<center>[[File:Union of South Africa flag.png|70px|link=]] [[File:South Africa flag.png|70px|link=]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line|I Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_sarc_mk4_a}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|II Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_marmon_herrington_mk_6_2pdr}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_marmon_herrington_mk_6_6pdr}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|III Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_concept3_ngac}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_ystervark_spaa}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_bosvark}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|IV Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_ratel_90}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_g6_spg}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_eland_90_mk_7}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|V Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_ratel_20}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|VI Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_ratel_zt3}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_rooikat_za_35}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_th_800_bismark}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_rooikat_76}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_rooikat_105_td}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_rooikat_mttd}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_olifant_mk_1a}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_olifant_mk_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ah_2_rooivalk}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|VII Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_ttd}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|VIII Rank}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|saab_jas39c_south_africa}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-End}}

= Commonwealth =
{{Tree-Start|8|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="2"|<center>[[File:Australia flag.png|70px|link=|Australia]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="2"|<center>[[File:Canada Red Ensign flag.png|70px|link=|Canada]] [[File:Canada flag.png|70px|link=|Canada]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:New Zealand flag.png|70px|link=|New Zealand]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line|Aircraft}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|wirraway}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|beaufort_mkviii}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|boomerang_mkii|Boomerang|
{{Tree-Unit|boomerang_mki}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|boomerang_mkii}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|beaufighter_mk21}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|strikemaster_mk88}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Ground Vehicles}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_matilda_hedgehog}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_ac1_sentinel}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_ac4_thunderbolt}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_centurion_mk_5_raac}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m1a1_aim_abrams}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|us_m5a1_stuart_canadian_5st_arm}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m4a5_ram_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_c2_mexas}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a4m_can}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_skink_aa}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_ram_90mm_aa}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_adats_m113a3}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Ships}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_attack_class_arrow}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_destroyer_battle_tobruk}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_flower_class}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_destroyer_restigouche_class_terranova}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_destroyer_haida}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_cruiser_leander}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-End}}

= BeNeLux=
{{Tree-Start|8|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="1"|<center>[[File:Belgium flag.png|70px|link=|Belgium]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="1"|<center>[[File:Netherlands flag.png|70px|link=|Netherlands]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line|Rank I}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|gladiator_mk1_belgium}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Rank II}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|fokker_g1a}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Rank III}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|firefly_mk4_netherlands}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Rank IV}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|spitfire_fr_mk14e_belgium}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Rank V}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|meteor_fmk8_belgium}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Rank VI}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|hunter_f6_holland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Rank VII}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|mirage_5ba}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f-104g_belgium}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Rank VIII}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|f_16a_block_15_belgium}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f_16am_block_15_mlu_belgium}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-End}}

= Minor Axis =
{{Tree-Start|8|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="2"|<center>[[File:Romania flag.png|70px|link=|Romania]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="2"|<center>[[File:Kingdom Italy flag.png|70px|link=|Italy]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|sm_79_iar|IAR-79B|
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_iar}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_iar_italy}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|iar_81c}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|iar_316b}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|he_112b_1_italy}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|he_112b_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|hs-129b-2_romania|Hs 129 B-2|
{{Tree-Unit|hs-129b-2_romania}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|hs-129b-2_romania_italy}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109g-2_romania}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|fiat_cr42}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fiat_g50_seria7as}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mc200_serie3}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mc200_serie7}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mc-202}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_1936}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_1937}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_1939}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_1941}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_1942}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_1943}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-End}}

= Other Nations =
{{Tree-Start|8|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="3"|<center>Europe</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line|</div><div>[[File:Poland flag.png|70px|link=|Poland]]}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_destroyer_g_garland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_sherman_ic_firefly}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2pl}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|p-47m-1-re_boxted}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|</div><div>[[File:Austria flag.png|70px|link=|Austria]]}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_sk105_a2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|saab_105oe}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|</div><div>[[File:Switzerland_flag.png|70px|link=|Switzerland]]}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|hunter_f58_switzerland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|</div><div>[[File:Czech flag.png|70px|link=|Czechia]]}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_m53_59}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|su_25k}}
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Alcione

2024-08-12T12:24:44Z

U31139476: /* History */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_albatros_class_f544
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian gunboat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Seek & Destroy"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8986-event-earn-alcione-in-the-flight-of-the-albatross-event-en|2024 Flight of the Albatross event]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|76 mm/62 SMP 3 (76 mm)}}
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:76 mm/62 SMP 3 (76 mm)/Ammunition|76 mm OM-1 HE, 76 mm OM-2 HE, 76 mm OM-2 HE-VT}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|L70 Bofors-Breda (40 mm)}}
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:L70 Bofors-Breda (40 mm)/Ammunition|40 mm HEI-T}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.10 Hedgehog mortar|Mk.4 depth charge}}
''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== [[wt:en/news/8999-development-flight-of-the-albatross-alcione-en|Devblog]] ===
Alcione (Italian for “Kingfisher”) became the second in a series of eight small ships that were intended to patrol the coastal zone and hunt submarines. Alcione was laid down at the Navalmeccanica Shipyard in 1953, launched the following year, and put into service in 1955. Like other ships in the series, the main Alcione’s main caliber gun was the first Italian 76 mm automatic SMP-3 cannon, and to combat submarines, it was equipped with depth charges and Hedgehog mortars. In 1991, Alcione was scrapped for metal.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8999-development-flight-of-the-albatross-alcione-en|[Devblog] Flight of the Albatross: Alcione]]

{{ShipManufacturer Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia}}
{{Italy boats}}

Breda 90/53

2024-08-04T14:15:16Z

U31139476: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_breda_52_autocannone
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Breda_90-53.jpg}}
|market=id50242_breda_90_53_italy
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Italian tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Sons of Attila"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season XIII, "Tropical Storm"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Breda's main 90 mm gun and its 4 operators (3 loaders, 1 gunner) are protected by a 7 mm gun shield comparable to that of the German [[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]] or the [[Breda 501]], while the driver and commander sit in a cabin made of 5 mm thick steel. The gun and its 4 operators are exposed from the sides and the back, while the gunner and a loader can be shot at through the front from the gunner's sight. Four 10 mm wheels and a 30 mm metal hull piece protect the transmission directly under the gun. Ammo is stored in a small, not very visible 5 mm structural steel box behind the cabin.

This lack of adequate armour makes you a prime target for any vehicle with a machine gun, high explosive round or artillery strike. Especially one with a common [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 browning machine gun]] as it is able to pierce all of your armour and modules. Making sure to only expose the main Gun while engaging targets can ensure relative safety as the intact driver and commander can drive into cover to switch places with the gunner and also repair as the barrel, breech or humongous aiming drive will most likely be damaged. This is not a fool proof strategy though as enemies can hit your transmission, crippling your mobility. Pointing your cabin at the enemy is not advised as most ordnance will hit the exposed engine, radiator, and driver, leaving you unable to escape while allowing the enemy to reload and flank you to get at the rest of your crew and modules.

All in all, the Breda 90/53 relies on its manoeuvrability and range for survivability as it lacks any armour able to stop more than a machine gun round, therefore positioning the vehicle behind solid terrain or map cover will give you the best survivability.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Turret front)
* Structural steel (Cabin, rear hull, platform, aiming drive, ammo storage)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 5 mm ''Cabin'' || 10 mm || 10 mm || 5 mm
|-
| Turret || 7 mm (0-33°) ''Gun mantlet'' || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Wheels are 10 mm thick.
* Central support beam is 30 mm thick.
* Gun breech is 150 mm thick.
* Barrel is 30 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The truck is moderately fast, driving at 30 km/h on demand and then accelerating towards maximum speed (very slowly in RB), though light tanks will generally drive faster than it. Due to it being wheeled, it will drive faster on roads (quickly reaching 56 km/h), but will also be unable to turn in place.

The truck does not have much climbing power, to get onto some hills it needs a head start (about 70-100 m), but it still can get onto sniping spots and can easily slide off them when threatened for the same reason.

The truck dislikes turning in general, but in a way that is more or less controllable, rather than sliding around at any inconvenience. When braking, the track will turn towards the last wheel turning direction (if user presses "turn right" for a moment and then brake, the truck will do a 90 degree flip to the right, same applies to the "turn left"). The extreme turn strategy can be used if the gun was already turned broadside, though under normal circumstances hard braking when encountering enemies is highly detrimental - simply let go of gas to retain control of the chassis and reduce gun wobble, then turn a bit if the enemy is too close.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=163|rbMinHp=102}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}


The gun is the same as the one used by the [[90/53 M41M]], that being said, it will penetrate pretty much any tank and turn them into a wreck. To deal with other artillery trucks or planes HE can be used, whether normal ones or the timed variety (In RB and SB, if rangefinder was used before firing, they explode after flying for a set distance, in AB it does nothing special), depending on user preference.

Due to the SPG having a "rangefinder" modification it will have true aim assist across entire maps in AB, and will precisely and fast tell the range in RB at up to about 1.5 km range. This allows to lay waste on the majority of enemy tanks, as most people at the rank have no idea how to aim that far, or will really struggle to land a counter hit even if they do know.

{{main|90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)|90 mm 90/53 mod.41]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 30 || rowspan="2" | -2°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 9.7 || 13.4 || 16.3 || 18.0 || 19.1 || rowspan="2" | 7.80 || rowspan="2" | 6.90 || rowspan="2" | 6.36 || rowspan="2" | 6.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 6.5 || 7.7 || 9.4 || 10.3 || 11.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:90/53 mod.41 (90 mm)/Ammunition|Granata Perforante da 90, Granata da 90, Granata Esplosiva mod.36R, Granata Perforante mod.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''30''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

The ammunition is located in the middle of the truck right behind the cab. There is no real reason to not take full ammunition load.

== Usage in battles ==


; Arcade battles

This truck has similar playstyle to all artillery trucks, meaning that in general you want to find some faraway point and shoot people that try to get onto capture points or to shoot you (which they should never be able to do, unless you get distracted in real life). If you get bombed, try to drive away anyway with your forward gear, as in AB bombs are quite small and not many people bomb from optimal altitude of 1.8 km, letting you escape even if you didn't notice them falling. Some problems may arise if random howitzer tank decides to fire at you mortar style with HE or HEAT shells (meaning you will most likely die on their first shot due to it literally falling from space), but this is very rare and majority of enemy SPG are very predictable and will just try to fire over a hill. if you see someone preparing for such a sneak attack, you need to proactively remove the threat - aim at the top of their roof with the help of binoculars and blow them up first.

When there is no faraway sniping point, or you find it boring, or some heavy assistance is required at close range, look for a flat plain (pushing into a hill is a big no-no due to a poor gun depression, unless it is really necessary to win) or a road, then slowly work your way through enemies. Even when fighting at 10 to 800 m range you will have an extreme advantage of being not so easy to defeat with APHE while dishing out instant death with each shot. Try to maximize your control over the area and force one-on-one duels, do not hesitate to drive behind more buildings just to force other opponents to take another turn. Since there are no ammo racks in the back, pushing out with your back to the left is comically efficient, since the enemy will only be able to knock out the loaders, but not the gunner. If your enemy is not absolutely stupid and fires HE to instantly remove you, then you were already dead, though sometimes the HE fails to take out the crew inside the cab, letting you to escape and return again.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Has rangefinder modification, making it extremely potent in any game mode at longer ranges
* Strong armour penetration
* Penetration of enemy targets will most likely result in their destruction
* 30 rounds of ammo compared to the [[90/53 M41M]] with the same cannon
* The ammo rack is not placed on the very back of the truck (unlike with the other truck SPG), so it is less likely to be randomly snapshotted by someone way too familiar with similar vehicles
* Fast reload rate for its calibre
* Completely wheeled, so it can move very fast on roads
* Very potent shell with 347g of explosive filler

'''Cons:'''

* Slow turret rotation speed
* Chassis have a tendency to violently spin when doing a hard brake, it's best to let it naturally slow down when encountering enemies
* Practically no armour
* Only -2 degrees of gun depression
* Forward firing arc is limited by the cabin, needs 300 m range to land a hit against frontal target on same elevation
* Shots to the turret tend to knock out the breech

== History ==

=== Devblog History ===
Italian company "Ansaldo de Gênes Sampierdarena" began to develop a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun on a wheeled chassis in 1940, which paved the way to mount a 90 mm gun on a truck, with the arrangement allowing for the cannon to direct fire at enemy ground targets. The Breda 51 Coloniale (6x4) army truck was chosen as the main vehicle of choice, and after modifications were made, the official designation of Breda 52 was given. Production of this new vehicle commenced even before the testing phase had even finished in May 1941. By May 1943 a total of 120 of these vehicles were delivered to the Italian Army. The Breda 52 with the Cannone da 90/53 gun was used in battle in North Africa and also to defend Italy from the Allied invasion.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_breda_52_autocannone Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|vhWvNPi9LuQ|'''Battle Pass: Tropical Storm''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 1:32 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

*[[Breda 501]] - same gun on more armoured chassis
*[[8,8 cm Flak 37 Sfl.]] - similar German "flak truck", more armoured
*[[YaG-10 (29-K)]] - Soviet AA gun on truck chassis
*[[90/53 M41M]] - same gun but on a tracked and more armoured chassis but at a lower BR since it can only take 8 rounds of ammo

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8526-development-battle-pass-vehicles-breda-9053-en|[Devblog] Battle pass vehicles: Breda 90/53]]

{{Italy tank destroyers}}
{{Italy premium ground vehicles}}

[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

User:U31139476

2024-07-24T15:23:58Z

U31139476: /* Italian ship evolution */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:X_pazzo1972_X - ''Wiki Editor''}}
{{Userbox/Moderator
| forum = https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/profile/710953-x_pazzo1972_x/
}}
{{Userbox/Windows}}

Page for some things

Subpages:

* [[User:U31139476/ship classes|Ship Classes]]
* [[User:U31139476/VFamilies|Visual Families WIP]]

==Drones==
{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USA flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USSR flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:China flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Drones}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ucav_mq_1_predator}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ucav_orion}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ucav_recon_micro}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ucav_wing_loong_i}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-End|5px}}

==Patton Series + Prototypes==
{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USA flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Germany flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Japan flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Taiwan flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Italy flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Israel flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Patton I|50px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|us_m46_patton|M46 Patton|
{{Tree-Unit|us_m46_patton}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m46_patton_73_armor_bat}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Patton II|50px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|us_m47_patton_II}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_mkpz_m47}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_m47_patton_II}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_m47_105}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Patton III|50px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|us_m48a1_patton_III}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_t54e1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m247}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_mkpz_m48a2c}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_mkpz_m48a2ga2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_mkpz_super_m48}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|cn_m48a1_patton_III}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|il_m48a1_patton_III}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|il_magach_3_idf|Magach 3|
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_3_idf}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_3}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_magach_3}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_5}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Modern Patton|50px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|us_m60}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|us_m60a1|M60A1|
{{Tree-Unit|us_m60a1}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m60a1_rise_passive_era}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m60a2}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m60a3_tts}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m728}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m60a3_slep}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m60_120s}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|cn_m60a3_tts}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|cn_cm11}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_m60a1_ariete}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|il_magach_6b_gal_batash|Magach 6|
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_6}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_6a}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_6b}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_6b_gal}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_6b_gal_batash}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_6c}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_6m}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_6r}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_6_rocket}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_7c}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-End|5px}}

==Leopard Series + variants==
{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Germany flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Italy flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Sweden flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Leopard 1|50px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_erprobungstrager_3_achs_turm}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_I}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|germ_leopard_i_a1|Leopard A1A1|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_I_a1}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_a1a1_120}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_1a5}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_c2_mexas}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|germ_flakpz_1a2_Gepard|Gepard|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_flakpz_I_Gepard}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_flakpz_1a2_Gepard}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_leopard_1a5}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_leopard_bofors}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_leopard_1a5no}}

{{Tree-Line|Leopard 2|50px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|germ_leopard_2_pt14|Leopard 2 PTs|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2_pt14}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2av}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2k}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|germ_leopard_2a4|Leo 2A4|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a4}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a4_pzbtl_123}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2pl}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|germ_leopard_2a5|Leo 2A5|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a5}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a5_yt_cup_2019}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a5_pso}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a6}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2a7v}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_leopard_2a4}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|sw_strv121b_christian2|Strv 121s|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_strv_121}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_strv121b_christian2}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|sw_strv_122b_plus|Strv 122s|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_strv_122}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_strv_122b_plss}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_strv_122b_plus}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_leopard_2a4_fin}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_leopard_2a6nl}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sw_itpsv_90}}

{{Tree-End|5px}}

==Squadron vehicles==
{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USA flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Germany flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Russia flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Britain flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Japan flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:China flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Sweden flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Israel flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Aviation|50px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|a_4e_early}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|me-262a1_u1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|hunter_f58_switzerland}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|su_22m3}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|b_48_firecrest}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|harrier_frs1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|f-5e_fcu_thailand}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Ground|50px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|us_m901_itv}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m1a1_aim_abrams}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_leopard_2pl}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_bmp_2m}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_80uk}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_t_90s_bheeshma}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|cn_object_122tm}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_t_80u}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|il_magach_6b_gal}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Fleet|50px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_skr_pr50_karl_marx}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_skr_pr35}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_cruiser_liverpool}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_shimakaze}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Heli|50px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|yah_64}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-End|5px}}

==Fake vehicles==
{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USA flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Germany flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USSR flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Great Britain flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Japan flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Italy flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Sweden flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Planes}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|p-63c-5_kingcobra_animal_version}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-38g_metal}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|p-47d_luftwaffe}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Ground Forces}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_h1_tiger_animal_version}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-End|5px}}

==Project vehicles==
{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USA flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Germany flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USSR flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Great Britain flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Japan flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Italy flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Sweden flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Planes}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109z}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|go229_v3}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|j6k1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|r2y2_kai|R2Y2|
{{Tree-Unit|r2y2_v1}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|r2y2_v2}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|r2y2_kai}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|kitsuka}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f_16aj}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Ground Forces}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_flakpanzer_V_Coelian}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_panther_II}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_b_tiger_IIh_kwk46}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_e_100}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_5_ho_ri_prototype}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_5_ho_ri_production}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_oto_r3_106sr}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Ships}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_destroyer_class1936c_z46}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_destroyer_class1936c_z47}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_battlecruiser_kronshtadt}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_cruiser_shcherbakov}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_comandanti_medaglie_doro}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_etna_class}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_battleship_conte_di_cavour}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Helicopters}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|a_129_a}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-End|5px}}

==Twitch/Thunder League vehicles==
{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USA flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Germany flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USSR flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Great Britain flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Japan flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Italy flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Sweden flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Planes}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|p-51a_tl}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-40e_td}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Ground Forces}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|us_m24_chaffee_tl}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m5a1_stuart_td}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_II_ausf_C_td}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_J_td}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_sdkfz_234_2_td}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_bt_7_1937_td}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_97_kai_td}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_strv_m39_td}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Ships}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_dark_class_mtb_td}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-End|5px}}

==Tech Demonstrators==
{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USA flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Germany flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USSR flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Great Britain flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Japan flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Italy flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Sweden flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Planes}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|a7he1}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109e-3_japan}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fw-190a-5_japan}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Ground Forces}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_m36b2_jgsdf}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_m47_patton_II}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_t_80u}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Helicopters}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ahs}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mi_28a_sweden}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-End|5px}}

==Domestic Vehicles Missing In Their Own Nation==
<div style="text-align:center"> https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/379941843129073665/826447062412558346/unknown.png</div>

{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;" colspan="2"|<center>[[File:USA flag.png|70px|link=User:U95595778#American_Vehicles_Missing_In_The_US_Tech_Tree_.28Found_in_Other_Trees.29]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Germany flag.png|70px|link=]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USSR flag.png|70px|link=]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Britain flag.png|70px|link=]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:IJA flag.png|70px|link=]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Kingdom Italy flag.png|70px|link=]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:France flag.png|70px|link=]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line|Domestic Design}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|cn_gmc_cckw_353_m45_quad}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_cckw_353_bofors}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_su_57}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|cn_m3a3_stuart|M3A3|
{{Tree-Unit|cn_m3a3_stuart}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|cn_m3a3_stuart_1st_ptg}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_m3a3_stuart}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_m3a3_stuart}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|cn_m4a1_76w_sherman}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|cn_m4a4_sherman|M4A4|
{{Tree-Unit|cn_m4a4_sherman}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|cn_m4a4_sherman_1st_ptg}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_m4a4_sherman}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_m4a4_sherman}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_sherman_75_37}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_m26a1_pershing}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_m60a1_ariete}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_m36b1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_mkpz_m48a2c}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|it_m113a1_tow|M113A1 (TOW)|
{{Tree-Unit|it_m113a1_tow}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|cn_m113a1_tow}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uh_1d}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|ah_1f|AH-1S|
{{Tree-Unit|ah_1s_early}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|ah_1s_late}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
}}
|style="border-left: solid 0px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|hawk_iii}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|v_11g}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|v_12d}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a-35b}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sb2c_5_france}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|a_29_hudson|A-29|
{{Tree-Unit|hudson_mk_v}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a_29_hudson}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|b_26c_france}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|b_25j_20|B-25J-30|
{{Tree-Unit|b_25j_30_vvs_ussr}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|b_25j_30_china}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|cw_21}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-39q_15}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-40f-5_france_ep}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|p-47_group|P-47D Models|
{{Tree-Unit|p-47d_16_re_germany}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-47d_23_ra_china_rocaf}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-47d_ussr}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-47d_30_italy}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-51k}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-66}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f-84g_france}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|f-86_group|F-86F-30|
{{Tree-Unit|f-86f-30_japan}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f-86f-30_china}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|a_4e_late_iaf|A-4 Models|
{{Tree-Unit|a_4e_late_iaf}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a_4h}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a_4n}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f-100a_china}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|av_8b_plus_italy}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|saab_b3c}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109g-14as}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|cn_t_34_1942}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_kv_1_kwk_40}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|cn_pt_76}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|i-16_type17_china}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mig-17pf_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mig-19s}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mig-21_mf}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mig_23bn}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mig_23mla}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|su_22um3k}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sw_vickers_mk_e_37}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|gladiator_mk1_china}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mosquito_fb_mk26_china}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|vampire_fb52a_italy}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sea_hawk_mk100}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|meteor_nfmk13}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|ki_43_3_ko}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ki-45_hei_tei_china}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_1937}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_1942}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fiat_g91_r3}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|hkp3c}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_cruiser_kerch}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_battleship_novorossiysk}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|d_521}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|db_7}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|z_11wa|AS.350 Ecureuil|
{{Tree-Unit|z_11wa}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|z_9wa|AS.365 Dauphin|
{{Tree-Unit|z_9w}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|z_9wa}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Group|z_19|AS.565 Panther|
{{Tree-Unit|z_19}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|z_19e}}
}}

{{Tree-End}}

Notes:
* The '''M4 Hybrid''' is in display for Hybrid Shermans the Americans mixed and matched with
* The '''KV I C 756(r)''' is a German modified KV-1 (1942) which has a cast turret (Russian), with KwK40 (German)
* The '''Ki-45 hei/tei''' is a very unlikely mash-up plane to have ever have existed just to flair up the Chinese tree
* The '''S.M.79''''s haven't been carried over to the Italian tree as they were previously removed for redundancy
* The '''HKP3C''' Exported AB-204 to Sweden
* The '''Kerch''' is the war prize RN Duca D'Aosta
* The '''Novorossiysk''' is the war prize RN Giulio Cesare

== Battlepass ==

{{Tree-Start|5|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>==Battlepass==</center>
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Season I}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_matilda_hedgehog}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_destroyer_g_garland}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f2g-1}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_10a}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}

{{Tree-Line|Season II}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_t55e1}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_destroyer_class1936a_z25}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|itp_m1}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_centurion_mk_5_raac}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}

{{Tree-Line|Season III}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_toldi_II_a}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_cruiser_voroshilov}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-39q_25_france}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m6a2e1}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}

{{Tree-Line|Season IV}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_sdkfz_251_22}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_cruiser_omaha_class_detroit}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a6m6c}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_panhard_ebr_1963}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}

{{Tree-Line|Season V}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_lvt_bofors}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_higgins_78ft_pt658}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|beaufighter_mk1_40mm}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_pt_76_57}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}

{{Tree-Line|Season VI}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_41m_turan_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_higgins_78ft_mtb422}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|cn_type_64}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|su-8}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}

{{Tree-Line|Season VII}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_destroyer_battle_cadiz}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-51c-10_france}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_elefant}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Season VIII}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_t51a}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|bv-155b-1}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_object_248}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Season IX}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_lcm_zippo}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_a_22f_mk_7_churchill_crocodile}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|douglas_a_1h}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Season XI}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_s_700_s_701}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-51b_7_sweden}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_centurion_mk_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Season X}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_pr_183_egypt_bm_21}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109f-4_hungary}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_amx_50_1950}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Season XII}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_mc_485}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|b7a2_homare_23}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_spz_12_3}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Season XIII}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_gay_class_archer}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_breda_52_autocannone}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|strikemaster_mk88}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-Line|Season XIII}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_le_fantasque_class_le_triomphant}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_8_1944}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m551_76}}
{{Tree-Skip|20px}}
|style="left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|

{{Tree-End}}

==Vehicles with italian influence/technology or Projected by italians==

{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Germany flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:USSR flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Great Britain flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Japan flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:China flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Sweden flag.png|70px|]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Line|Planes}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_1942}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|fiat_g91_r3|G.91|
{{Tree-Unit|fiat_g91_r3}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fiat_g91_r4_german}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|j_8b}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fiat_cr42_j11}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|re_2000_j20}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Tanks}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_72av_turms}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_rooikat_76}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Ships}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|germ_type143_albatros|Albatros class|
{{Tree-Unit|germ_type143_albatros}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_type143_bussard}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_destroyer_regele_ferdinand_class_letuchiy}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_destroyer_pr20_tashkent}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|ussr_cruiser_kirov|Krasnyi-|
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_cruiser_krasnyi_krim}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_cruiser_krasnyi_kavkaz}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|ussr_cruiser_kirov|Kirov-Class|
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_cruiser_kirov}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_cruiser_voroshilov}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_cruiser_maxim_gorky}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_cruiser_kerch}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_battleship_novorossiysk}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Group|uk_corvette_peacock|Peacock class|
{{Tree-Unit|uk_corvette_peacock}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_corvette_orla}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_pg02}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|Helicopters}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-Unit|hkp3c}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
{{Tree-End|5px}}

==Japan ship evolution==

{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[IJN] PT - Torpedo Boats (Gyorai-tei)</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Escort Boats/mixed</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[IJN] DE - Escort Ships (Kaibou-kan)</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[IJN] SC - Subchasers (Kusen-tei)</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Patrol ship</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Escort Boats JSDF</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Destroyers JSDF</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_t1_1941}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|jp_t14_class|T-14|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_t14_class}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_t14_class_mod01}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type38_1944}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|jp_t51a|T-51|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_t51a}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_t51b}}
}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|jp_abtei_pr1|Souko Tei|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_abtei_pr1}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_abtei_pr4}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_sehatei_mod1}}
{{Tree-Skip|30px}}
{{Tree-Group|jp_karotei_type2|Type 4|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_karotei_type2}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_karotei_type4}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|30px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type5_escortboat}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_chidori}}
{{Tree-Skip|30px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_escort_hiburi_class_syonan}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|jp_no1_ch2|Type K Class|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_no1_ch2}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_no4_ch8}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_kusen_tei_13_1942}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_kusen_tei_13_1944}}
}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_yuri_class_asagao}}
{{Tree-Skip|30px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type7_pt808}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_11_pt_15}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_pg02}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_escort_akebono_class}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_escort_ikazuchi_class}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_isuzu}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_escort_chikugo_class}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_yugure}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_harukaze}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_ayanami}}

{{Tree-End|5px}}
{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Destroyers</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Armoued Cruiser</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Light Cruiser</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Special</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Heavy Cruiser</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Battleship</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Battlecruisers</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_momi}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|jp_destroyer_mutsuki|Mutsuki Class|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_mutsuki}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_satsuki}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_fubuki}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|jp_destroyer_hatsuharu|Hatsuharu Class|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_hatsuharu}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_nenohi}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_yuudachi}}
{{Tree-Skip|30px}}
{{Tree-Group|jp_destroyer_yugumo|Yugumo Class|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_yugumo}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_hayanami}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_kiyoshimo}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|30px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_shimakaze}}
{{Tree-Skip|30px}}
{{Tree-Group|jp_destroyer_akizuki|Akizuki Class|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_akizuki}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_destroyer_hatsuzuki}}
}}
{{Tree-Skip|15px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_armoredcruiser_ikoma}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_armoredcruiser_kurama}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_kuma}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_isuzu}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_sendai}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_agano}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_yubari}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|jp_cruiser_furutaka|Furutaka Class|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_furutaka}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_kako}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_aoba}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_myoko}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|jp_cruiser_mogami|Mogami Class|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_mogami}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_mogami_mikuma}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_mogami_suzuya}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_cruiser_tone}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_battleship_settsu}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|jp_battleship_fuso|Fuso Class|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_battleship_fuso}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_battleship_yamashiro}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|jp_battleship_ise|Ise Class|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_battleship_ise}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_battleship_hyuga}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_battleship_mutsu}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|jp_battlecruiser_kongo|Kongō Class|
{{Tree-Unit|jp_battlecruiser_kongo}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_battlecruiser_haruna}}
}}

{{Tree-End|5px}}

==Italian ship evolution==

{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Fast Motor torpedo boat</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Motor torpedo boat</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Gunboat</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Anti submarine boat</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Corvette</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Patrol ship</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|it_mas_classe500_3|MAS "500"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_mas_classe500_3}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_mas_classe500_3_1944}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_mas_classe500_4}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_mas_stefano_turr}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_a1_vosper}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|it_ms15_1a|MS|
{{Tree-Unit|it_ms15_1a}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_ms53_2a}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_ms471_1a}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|it_ms473_2a|MS post-war|
{{Tree-Unit|it_ms473_2a}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_ms473_2a_art}}
}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_mc_485}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_alano_9851}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_mc490_folgore}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_vas_baglietto_68t_1serie}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|it_gabbiano_class|Gabbiano Class|
{{Tree-Unit|it_gabbiano_class}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_gabbiano_class_c16}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|it_albatros_class_f543|Albatros Class|
{{Tree-Unit|it_albatros_class_f543}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_albatros_class_f544}}
}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|it_p493_freccia|Freccia Class|
{{Tree-Unit|it_p493_freccia}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_p494_saetta}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_p420_sparviero}}

{{Tree-End|5px}}
{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Destroyers</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Explorer</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Light Cruiser</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Special</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Heavy Cruiser</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Battleship</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|it_destroyer_turbine|Turbine Class|
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_turbine}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_aquilone}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_dardo}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|it_destroyer_soldati_serie1|Soldati Class|
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_soldati_serie1}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_soldati_serie1_geniere}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_soldati_serie1_camicianera}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_comandanti_medaglie_doro}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_impetuoso_class_impetuoso}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_fletcher_geniere}}
{{Tree-Skip|15px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_vifor_class_aquila}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|it_destroyer_leone_class_tigre|Leone Class|
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_leone_class_tigre}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_leone_class}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_destroyer_navigatori_class_verazzano}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_capitani_romani_class_attilio_regolo}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_bartolomeocolleoni_1940}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_montecuccoli}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_eugenio_di_savoia}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_garibaldi_class_abruzzi}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_etna_class}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_trento}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|it_cruiser_zara_class|Zara Class|
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_zara_class}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_zara_class_pola}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_cruiser_bolzano}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|it_battleship_dante_alighieri}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|it_battleship_conte_di_cavour|Conte di Cavour Class|
{{Tree-Unit|it_battleship_leonardo_da_vinci}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_battleship_conte_di_cavour}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|it_battleship_caio_duilio|Duilio Class|
{{Tree-Unit|it_battleship_andrea_doria}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|it_battleship_caio_duilio}}
}}

{{Tree-End|5px}}

==French ship evolution==

{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Destroyers</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>War/Land-lease</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Light Cruiser</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Special</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Heavy Cruiser</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>Battleship</center>{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|fr_destroyer_jaguar_class_chacal|Chacal Class|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_jaguar_class_chacal}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_jaguar_class_leopard}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_jaguar_class_panthere}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_bourrasque_class_bourrasque}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|fr_destroyer_aigle_class_aigle|Aigle Class|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_aigle_class_aigle}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_aigle_class_vautour}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_aigle_class_milan}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_vauquelin_class_vauquelin}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|fr_destroyer_le_fantasque_class_le_triomphant|Le Fantasque Class|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_le_fantasque_class_le_malin}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_le_fantasque_class_le_triomphant}}
}}

{{Tree-Skip|15px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_hunt_3series}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_marceau_class_marceau}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_destroyer_desaix_class_kleber}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|fr_cruiser_dugauy_class_dugauy_trouin|Duguay-Trouin Class|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_cruiser_dugauy_class_dugauy_trouin}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_cruiser_dugauy_class_primaguet}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_cruiser_emile_bertin}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_cruiser_jeanne_darc}}
{{Tree-Skip|5px}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|fr_cruiser_suffren_class_colbert|Suffren Class|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_cruiser_suffren_class_colbert}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_cruiser_suffren_class_dupleix}}
}}

|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Group|fr_battleship_courbet_class_courbet|Courbet Class|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_battleship_courbet_class_courbet}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_battleship_courbet_class_paris}}
}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Group|fr_battleship_bretagne_class_bretagne|Bretagne Class|
{{Tree-Unit|fr_battleship_bretagne_class_bretagne}}
{{Tree-Arrow}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_battleship_bretagne_class_lorraine}}
}}

{{Tree-End|5px}}

MiG-9 (China)

2024-07-23T01:22:22Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{About
| about = jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = MiG-9 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mig-9_china
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}'''was the very first jet aircraft to arrive in China and the first jet for PLAAF by 1950. To quickly upgrade PLAAF for the upcoming Korean War and the dire need for major cities' air-defence operations from Nationalist bombers, VVS transferred 9 divisions of the MiG-9 series to PLAAF which also made the officials decide to purchase extra MiG-9 to arm the air force. The aircraft was deemed sufficient to handle earlier jets such as the F-84B or F-80 series, soon after the introduction of the state-of-the-art F-86 series in USAF service and the eventual introduction of MiG-15 in PLAAF service, these MiG-9s were soon retired from frontline and served as PLAAF's jet "lead-in trainer" before their ultimate decommission in 1959.

Introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]] with the initial Chinese aviation tech tree, the aircraft shares identical performance to its Soviet counterpart; while it is small and nimble, as well as packs a very heavy punch against rivals, players have to get used to the WWII-era equivalent engine and the ballistic performance to make good use of the first proper jet fighter of PLAAF; any careless moves or not keeping sufficient speed can lead to an embarrassing demise to the aircraft to even a propeller aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

When looking at this fighter, a pilot may complain at the lack of ordnance options available, being only limited to a single 37 mm and two 23 mm cannons with what seems to be only a handful of ammunition rounds between them. Without the addition of suspended ordnance, the flight model will not change due to added weight of bombs, missiles, rockets or gun pods, since none are available and the aircraft wasn't designed to use them.

As such, this fighter was built almost like a rocket, needing to get to bomber altitude as fast as possible and intercept inbound bombers. The limited ammunition prevents the pilot from just 'spraying-and-praying', but instead requires trigger control to maximize rounds on target. This is especially important in realistic and simulator battles where after the ammunition is expended, the pilot must return to base to reload.

The MiG-9 has enough speed to get to 5,000 m within about 4 minutes, however once there, it is best to either target bombers and go higher if needed (13,500 m is maximum altitude for the fighter) or to then turn the MiG-9 into a diving fighter and going for quick hits before zooming back up. Immelmanns and Split-S manoeuvres are recommended to change directions as this fighter is a very slow turner, taking about 30 seconds to make a complete circle. It is important to keep the speed up on this fighter due to when it becomes slow, it then becomes an easy target for enemy aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 868 || 841 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 30.3 || 31.1 || 17.7 || 16.6 || rowspan="2" | 895
|-
! Upgraded
| 955 || 909 || 27.8 || 29.0 || 26.8 || 22.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 434 || 300 || ~12 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 550 || < 600 || < 720 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Klimov RD-20A-2 || 2
| colspan="2" | 3,640 kg || colspan="3" | 271 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff<br>Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel
|-
| 670 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 4,027 kg || 4,281 kg || 4,601 kg || 4,929 kg || 5,044 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 12m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 40m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 800 kgf || N/A
| 0.40 || 0.37 || 0.35 || 0.32 || 0.32
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 800 kgf<br>(0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.40 || 0.37 || 0.35 || 0.32 || 0.32
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 12 mm steel - in front of the 37 mm & 23 mm magazines
* 12 mm steel - in front of the pilot, between the instrument panel and the 37 mm & 23 mm magazines
* 55 mm bulletproof glass - windscreen

The MiG-9, unfortunately, is not built like a tank and as a bomber interceptor, it had to be constructed like one, sacrificing armour for speed. The aircraft does feature 55 mm of bulletproof glass on the canopy windscreen and two 12 mm steel plates on both sides of the 37 mm ammunition magazine, but that is it for aircraft protection. All the protection is in the front which is meant to offer defence from any defensive gunners on enemy bombers. From the front profile, the armour plates and glass do a good job of shielding the critical components, however, from just about any other angle, the pilot, engines and fuel tanks are clustered in the centre of the aircraft and are all vulnerable from machine gun, cannon, missile and rocket damage.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|N-37D (37 mm)|NS-23 (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm N-37D cannon, nose-mounted (40 rpg)
* 2 x 23 mm NS-23 cannons, chin-mounted (80 rpg = 160 total)

To fulfil the role of a bomber hunter, the best weapons for mid to late 1940s aircraft was rockets and cannons. Bombers were typically large aircraft and machine guns would not do the job. Bomber interceptors needed to get to the target and spend the least amount of time on target not only for their own safety but to be able to intercept multiple targets before needing to return to base to refuel or rearm. The N-37D and NS-23 cannons centrally mounted on the MiG-9 virtually nullify the need for messing with convergence, allowing the pilot to sling both ammunition types at bombers at 690 m/s. In a high speed pass only so many rounds could be fired off before the MiG was zooming past and needed to set up for another run if they missed.

Having the 37 mm and 23 mm cannons helped ensure if the critical areas are hit, only one pass is needed. Without rockets or missiles to provide backup or alternative weapon options, proficiency with the cannons is a must. The "Air targets" ammunition belt provides a large amount of HE ammunition, which will critically damage enemies, even without a precise hit.

== Usage in battles ==


The MiG-9 requires altitude to be most effective in either of its two main roles. While flying full throttle into the middle of the map may seem like the noblest thing to do, it may end your piloting career faster than you care for, not allowing you to reach your full potential during the match. Best bet for this fighter is to start side climbing on the map or working on gaining altitude away from where the main group of aircraft are flying as this provides you with a relatively safe area to climb and allows you to see any enemy aircraft which may be gunning for you and give you enough time to respond or dive away. It is important to begin your side climb at an angle of about 8-10° until the fighter reaches speeds of about 400-500 km/h when the climb angle can be increased to about 15°.

When you reach an altitude of where the bombers are at, you can then begin to patrol and set up for any attack runs. Typically it is best to have some altitude over the bombers as this will allow you to gain more speed when driving and make it that much more difficult for the defensive gunners to hit you. Flying towards the rear of the bomber is the worst angle to come at, while it makes it easy for you to line up the target, you will actually be flying into bullets fired at you causing them a chance for deeper penetration into your jet than if you came from another angle. Due to the limited amount of ammunition, controlled bursts are best especially when aimed at engines, cockpits or fuel tanks. Carefully aim at these critical components and let the ammunition do the rest for you. It is best not to linger around a target, instead, add full power and zoom away until you are at least a kilometre or two away and outside of the range of any defensive turrets before manoeuvring for another run.

If there are no bombers to attack, either because they have all been destroyed or waiting for more to spawn (in Arcade battles, some pilots tend to leave their attackers/bombers as late match reserves), then when at altitude, you can patrol and look for unsuspecting fighters or you can work to lure aircraft up into a stall fight. From your perch, you can start to dip down towards a fighter as if you are going to pounce on it, if they take the bait and climb to meet your MiG-9, then pull up as if you 'chickened-out' and are running, begin a moderate climb with your speed and watch as they follow up, especially watch for the condensation trails coming from their wings, this is a good indication that they are beginning to stall and are an easy target. The MiG-9 has a rather larger rudder and can make use of it for a wing-over manoeuvre which will put you in line with the stalled out target allowing for you to get a quick shot off before returning to your patrol altitude.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful armament allows it to hunt bombers effectively
* All armour is in the front of the aircraft to protect against defensive weapons
* Engines do not overheat at 100% throttle
* Is able to land quite well on engines like in the Me-262
* High rip speed for an early Soviet jet (a little over 1,000 km/h)

'''Cons:'''

* Two different trajectories for both guns
* Limited ammunition of 160 rpg (NS-23) and 40 rpg (N-37D)
* No access to bombs or other payload options
* Underwhelming acceleration
* Unimpressive climb rate
* Control lock starts at around 800 km/h
* Loses a lot of speed during turns
* Very bad turn rate even compared to some jet bombers
* Difficult jet for beginners (hard to use due to its weapons and flight characteristics)
* Mediocre brakes make it hard to land on short airfields

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
An all-metal, single-seat cantilever monoplane with two turbojet engines, mid-mounted wings, and retractable tricycle landing gear.

It was clear by the end of World War II that the piston-engine-and-propeller combo had reached the limit of its potential. Soon it would be necessary to switch to new engine types.

Jet aviation in the USSR changed for the better at the very end of the war when captured German turbojet engines, particularly the BMW-003, arrived in the Soviet Union. The engine was studied in the shortest time possible, and a Soviet copy, the RD-20, was launched into mass production.

In the end of 1945, the Mikoyan Design Bureau began the development of a jet fighter with two BMW-003 engines (producing 800 kg of thrust). On 24 April 1946, test pilot A.N. Grinchik first flew the prototype I-300 (F-1), the first Soviet fighter with a turbojet engine. The plane reached a speed of 920 km/h and had powerful armament: a 57 mm N-57 cannon and two 23 mm NS-23 cannons.

In 1946, the I-300 began full-scale production and was accepted for service with the Air Force under the designation of MiG-9 (Product FS). Before producing it on a full-scale basis, the designers of the Mikoyan Design Bureau reworked the fighter's construction (particularly its fuselage) from scratch to adapt it to production in large quantities.

The power unit of production MiG-9s consisted of two RD-20 turbojet engines producing 800 kg of thrust apiece. At first, planes of this model had RD-20A-1 engines, with a service life of 10 hours. Actually, these engines were captured BMW-003s, reassembled in the USSR. Subsequently, MiG-9s featured only Soviet-produced turbojet engines: the RD-20A-2, with a service life of 25 and 50 hours, and later the RD-20B, with a service life of 75 hours.

The armament of the production planes differed from that of the prototypes. The MiG-9 (Product FS) had one 37 mm Nudelman N-37 cannon with 40 rounds and two 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23K cannons with 80 rounds each.

In 1947, it was decided to equip the MiG-9 with RD-21 uprated engines producing 1,000 kg of thrust. The engine was uprated due to increased gas temperature and turbine revolutions.

A prototype I-307 (Product FF) aircraft was built and tested with these engines in 1947. The testing showed that the I-307 had higher flight characteristics than production MiG-9s. The I-307 remained a prototype, since in March 1948 a decision was made to start the full-scale production of the more advanced MiG-15.

The last production aircraft were handed over to the Air Force in December 1948, and in factories they were supplanted by a new plane from the Mikoyan Design Bureau, the MiG-15. A total of 602 MiG-9 fighters were produced.

The MiG-9 was the beginning of the jet MiG's history. The success of the MiG-15 fighter all over the world would have been impossible without the experience gained in the processes of design, building, testing, mass production, and operation of the first Soviet jet fighter, the MiG-9.

As new fighters were received by the Air Force, some MiG-9s would be delivered to China. These planes became the first jet fighters of the People's Liberation Army Air Force of China.
{{Navigation-End}}The MiG-9 started its service with the Chinese Air Force in 1950, with a total of 13 fighter divisions being delivered to this country between 1950 and 1951, 9 of which, consisted of MiG-9s. The MiG-9 introduction in the PLAGF was probably due to the quick adoption of the Mig-15 over the Mig-9 in the USSR since the last one became obsolete very quickly and had a large number of reliability issues, especially its armament which could not be fired at the same time and its use was restricted depending on the altitude.

The Mig-9 suffered a similar destiny in China, with it being quickly replaced with the more modern Mig-15. The main purpose of the Mig-9 was to defend Chinese industrial sectors, as well as its cities from possible attacks, since at this time the PRC was very young and constantly under threat of air raids by the remnants of the Nationalist Chinese, the aircraft however, was mainly used to train new pilots and help them in the transition from propeller aircraft to jet aircraft.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=mig-9_china Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/264955-mikoyan-gurevich-mig-9/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer MiG}}
{{China jet aircraft}}

F3D-1

2024-07-23T01:17:33Z

U31139476: Undo revision 189359 by U137389888 (talk)

{{Specs-Card
|code=f3d_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_f3d_1.jpg
}}

== Description ==


During 1945, the Navy was discussing the idea of a jet-powered aircraft that could operate from carriers. In addition, it was required to have radar and fly in night conditions. Out of 4 companies, Douglas' proposal would ultimately earn the Navy's full attention and they were awarded contracts to build 3 prototypes. Soon after, the name Skyknight was chosen for the project. In 1948, the XF3D-1 was ready for its first flight. It was to be powered by two J34-WE-22 engines and a preliminary radar as the APQ-65 was unavailable at the time. Two XF3D-1's were built with the SCR-720 radar until the third prototype which received the planned APQ-65. After test flights showed the Skyknight to be a capable aircraft, 28 F3D-1s were ordered for both the USMC and USN. The production F3D-1 received a few changes such as better engines (J-34-WE-34) and gained around 5,000 lbs (2,267 kg) in weight.

Introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]], the '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a very capable aircraft that can fit many roles. In air-to-air combat, the F3D-1 can hold its own with its good turn rate and four M3 cannons mounted in the nose. In addition, the Skyknight receives an attacker airspawn which greatly helps its capability. The Skyknight can also be effectively used against ground targets due to its high-powered cannons, bombs, and Tiny Tim rockets. The cannons have plentiful ammo and have 16 seconds of trigger time. Players can confidently use the F3D-1 Skyknight against air and ground targets.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 1,524 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 809 || 783 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.3 || 32.0 || 14.7 || 13.6 || rowspan="2" | 700
|-
! Upgraded
| 868 || 846 || 28.8 || 30.0 || 23.3 || 18.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 443 || 422 || 314 || ~8 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 620 || < 650 || < 620 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Westinghouse J34-WE-34 || 2
| colspan="3" | 7,290 kg || colspan="3" | 294 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff<br />Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 21m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 73m fuel
|-
| 600 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 8,361 kg || 8,814 kg || 9,569 kg || 10,324 kg || 10,978 kg || 12,156 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 21m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 73m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,469 kgf || N/A
| 0.35 || 0.33 || 0.31 || 0.28 || 0.27 || 0.24
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,469 kgf<br />(0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.35 || 0.33 || 0.31 || 0.28 || 0.27 || 0.24
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 5 mm Steel plates in the nose.
* 3 mm Steel boxes in the tail.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M3 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm M3 cannons, chin-mounted (200 rpg = 800 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|AN-M66A2 (2,000 lb)|Tiny Tim}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x Tiny Tim rockets
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb AN-M66A2 bombs (4,000 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==


The {{PAGENAME}} is pretty good in a dogfight with the right energy situation. While it may not be able to out-turn every enemy it faces, it has decent enough maneuverability to face the majority of the planes it faces. The plane does suffer from a relatively poor climb rate and below average top speed, but once it gains the altitude it needs to gain speed, it can be quite a fighting plane.

The 20 mm can cause a lot of damage if it does catch the enemy. One important note is to avoid large dogfighting furballs, as there will be an enemy Me 262 or other jet that will notice the large {{PAGENAME}} and aim to gun it down. Instead, use the {{PAGENAME}} to go against outliers and stragglers to deal with them one by one.

If the plane's flight performance is not to one's liking, one can use the {{PAGENAME}} as a ground-pounder. Allow teammates to gain an aerial superiority in the fighting area while using the guns and suspended armaments to attack ground units. The cannons are effective against light vehicles and vehicle top armour. The 2000 lb bombs are powerful enough to destroy any target, allowing pinpoint targeting of dug-in vehicles and end their game quickly. The {{PAGENAME}} also has access to Tiny Tim Rockets, which have extremely high penetration and post penetration damage. After dropping the payload and strafing targets, quickly return to base and rearm to return with more weaponry and effect.

It is best not to linger over a combat zone, as the {{PAGENAME}}'s presence will attract the attention of players, who may spawn in fighters or SPAA and try to shoot it down. In higher rank matches, SPAA will jump at the chance to shoot down a slow, lumbering jet like the {{PAGENAME}}. Instead, it is best to quickly pinpoint a target, destroy it and then return to base. Keep on doing this as many times as possible. Fly low and around the edge of the map in order to avoid any anti-aircraft guns, observing the map and looking out for any potential targets. If the {{PAGENAME}} has attracted any unwanted attention from an enemy aircraft, the first action should be to call for help. It can save a lot of hassle if a friendly SPAA or fighter can take out the enemy plane. If not, the {{PAGENAME}} pilot will need to analyse the enemy and work out if the {{PAGENAME}} has any advantages over it. If it is a high-rank plane like a MiG-15 or Sabre, the options are pretty limited. The {{PAGENAME}}'s survival chances mostly depend on the pilot's skill to outwit the opponent, or their skill to outwit the {{PAGENAME}}'s pilot.

===Radars===
{{main|AN/APS-21|AN/APG-26}}
The F3D-1 is equipped with an [[AN/APS-21]] search radar, as well as an [[AN/APG-26]] target tracking radar. Both radars are located in the nose of the aircraft.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | [[AN/APS-21]] - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum<br/>Detection<br/>Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed<br/>Detection<br/>Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth<br/>Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation<br/>Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 45,000 m || 28,000 m || ±85° || ±16°
|-
! colspan="4" | [[AN/APG-26]] - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum<br/>Tracking<br/>Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum<br/>Tracking<br/>Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking<br/>Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking<br/>Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 4,000 m || 150 m || ±60° || ±60°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Is equipped with the [[AN/APS-21]] target detection radar and [[AN/APG-26]] target tracking radar, with the best target detection range in the game
* Has four 20 mm cannons with good accuracy and ammo count
* Decent bombload, allowing to perform in CAS roles
* Can turn better than some other jets while it has energy
* Can make it back to base on only one engine (you should be able to maintain ~400 km/h in level flight)
* Engines mounted close to the centre line of aircraft means loss of an engine has less impact on controllability
* Has airbrakes that has very quick deployment time, useful for diving or landing

'''Cons:'''
* Fairly large in size, can be easily targeted
* Any positive G manouver will costs a significant amount of energy
* Not very manoeuvrable at low speeds
* Easily compress at high speeds, can be very dangerous while diving or in low altitude engagements
* Poor climb rate makes it impractical to engage bombers

== History ==

In late 1945, the US Navy was in search of a new carrier-based fighter that was to be jet-powered and able to fly in all weather. The two-seated, twin-engine fighter was to be equipped with a radar and with specifications for a top speed of 500 mph (805 km/h), an operating altitude of 40,000 ft (12,192 m),<ref name="BoeingF3D" /> and able to detect an enemy 125 miles (201 km) away.<ref name="JoebaugherF3D" /> The Douglas Aircraft Company were among the many companies that were asked to produce an aircraft able to meet these specifications. Led by designer Ed Heineman, Douglas produced the designs that the US Navy thought suited best and were offered a contract for three prototypes under the designation ''XF3D-1'', with the nickname '''Skyknight''', on 03 April 1946.<ref name="JoebaugherF3D" />

The XF3D-1 prototype made its first flight on 23 March 1948.<ref name="CombatAirF3D" /> Due to the favorable performance, the plane was then ordered on May 11th for production of 28 units as the '''F3D-1'''. The first production F3D-1 was delivered in early 1950.<ref name="JoebaugherF3D" /> By February 1951, the F3D-1 was put into service. However, despite its status, the F3D-1 did not meet all standards for aircraft carrier operations, mainly due to underpowered engines.<ref name="CombatAirF3D" /> As such, priority shifted over towards the F3D-2 variant and only 28 F3D-1 planes were produced.<ref name="JoebaugherF3D" /> In all, Douglas would produce 268 F3D Skyknights for U.S. service.<ref name="BoeingF3D" />

While the F3D-1 stayed stateside to train pilots and radar operators, the F3D-2 were sent to the Korea War in Spring of 1952.<ref name="JoebaugherF3D" /> The F3D-2 Skyknights were assigned to Marine Corps night fighter squadrons to escort bombers in nighttime raids.<ref name="CombatAirF3D" /> While there, the F3D Skyknights racked up one of the best aerial victory record in Korea for a night-fighter, even scoring the first aerial jet-to-jet night victory against a [[Yak-15]] in 03 November 1952. Only one F3D Skyknight was shot down during the rest of the Korean War.<ref name="MilitaryFactoryF3D" />

After the Korean War, the F3D Skyknights became used as trainers or testing beds for the then-new air-to-air missiles (AAM) such as the AIM-7 Sparrow missiles. In the 1962, the F3Ds were renamed to the ''F-10'' Skyknights, with the F3D-1 and F3D-2 being redesignated as ''F-10A'' and ''F-10B'' respectively. These would later be used in Vietnam, making the Skyknights the only jet fighter to have flown in the Korean and Vietnam War. The Skyknight's role in Vietnam was reduced, focusing more on electronic warfare with electronic countermeasure (ECM) equipment as the ''EF-10B'' in order to counter the new SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile. The Skyknights were also used to conduct reconnaissance over Cuba during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.<ref name="MilitaryFactoryF3D" />

In 1969 though, all US Navy F-10s were retired and used for testing on the new avionics systems which were implemented into the F-14 Tomcats. The Marines used their F-10s until May 1970.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f3d_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|76ArCiYaEog|'''The Shooting Range #81''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:31 discusses the F3D-1.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/392616-douglas-f3d-1-skyknight/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [[wikipedia:Douglas_F3D_Skyknight|[Wikipedia<nowiki>]</nowiki> Douglas F3D Skyknight]]
* [https://www.combatairmuseum.org/aircraft/douglasf3skyknight.html [Combatairmuseum<nowiki>.org]</nowiki> Douglas F-3D-2T2 (TF-10B) Skyknight]
* [https://www.boeing.com/history/products/f3d-f-10-skyknight.page [Boeing.<nowiki>com]</nowiki> Historical Snapshot - F3D/F-10 SKYKNIGHT FIGHTER]
* [http://www.airvectors.net/avskykt.html [Airvectors<nowiki>.net]</nowiki> The Douglas F3D Skyknight]
* [http://www.joebaugher.com/navy_fighters/f10_1.html [<nowiki>Joebaugher.com]</nowiki> Douglas F3D-1/F-10A Skyknight]

=== References ===

<references>
<ref name="BoeingF3D">Boeing. "Historical Snapshot: F3D/F-10 SKYKNIGHT FIGHTER." Boeing, [https://www.boeing.com/history/products/f3d-f-10-skyknight.page Website].</ref>
<ref name="CombatAirF3D">Combat Air Museum. "Douglas F-3D-2T2 (TF-10B) Skyknight" Combat Air Museum, [https://www.combatairmuseum.org/aircraft/douglasf3skyknight.html Website].</ref>
<ref name="JoebaugherF3D">Baugher, Joseph F. "Douglas F3D-1/F-10A Skyknight" joebaugher.com, 30 Jan. 2000, [http://www.joebaugher.com/navy_fighters/f10_1.html Website].</ref>
<ref name="MilitaryFactoryF3D">Military Factory. "Douglas F3D-1/F-10A Skyknight" Military Factory, 31 May 2016, [https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=495 Website].</ref>
</references>

{{AirManufacturer Douglas}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

AN-M64A1 (500 lb)

2024-07-23T01:16:03Z

U31139476: /* Usage in battles */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb}}
== Description ==

[[File:AN-M64A1.png|left|thumb]]
{{Break}}
The '''500 lb AN-M64A1''' is an American-made bomb weighing in at 500 lbs (226kg) produced from WWII to the Korean War. This bomb is most commonly found in the arsenals of American and French aircraft. Other nations can find this weapon on their aircraft, but are rare and almost always found on US export aircraft.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|F2G}}{{Specs-Link|f2g-1}}
{{Navigation-Line|F4U}}{{Specs-Link|f4u-1a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|corsair_fmk2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f4u-4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f4u-4b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f4u-4b_vmf_214}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f4u-7}}
{{Navigation-Line|F8F}}{{Specs-Link|f8f1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f8f1b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f8f1b_france}}
{{Navigation-Line|Hawk}}{{Specs-Link|hawk_iii}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-39}}{{Specs-Link|p-39n}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-39q_5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-39q_25_france}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-40}}{{Specs-Link|p-40c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-40c_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-40e}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-40e_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-40e_td}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-40f-5_france_ep}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-40f_10}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-47D}}{{Specs-Link|p-47d_22_re}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|thunderbolt_mk1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-47d_22_re_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-47d_23_ra_china_rocaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-47d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-47d-28}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-47d_30_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-47d_30_italy}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-47M}}{{Specs-Link|p-47m-1-re}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-47m-1-re_boxted}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-47N}}{{Specs-Link|p-47n-15}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f_47n_25_re_china}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-51}}{{Specs-Link|p-51a_tl}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51b_7_sweden}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51c-10-nt}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51c-11-nt_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51d-20-na_iaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-51h-5_na}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-63}}{{Specs-Link|p-63a-5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-63a-10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-63c-5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-63c-5_kingcobra_animal_version}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-63c-5_france}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-400}}{{Specs-Link|p-400}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Twin-engine fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|F7F}}{{Specs-Link|f7f1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f7f3}}
{{Navigation-Line|F-82}}{{Specs-Link|f-82e}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-38}}{{Specs-Link|p-38j}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-38j_marge}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-38l_1_china_rocaf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|p-38l}}
{{Navigation-Line|P-61}}{{Specs-Link|p-61c_1}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Jet fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|F2H}}{{Specs-Link|f2h-2}}
{{Navigation-Line|F3H}}{{Specs-Link|f3h-2}}
{{Navigation-Line|F9F}}{{Specs-Link|f9f-2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f9f-5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f9f-8}}
{{Navigation-Line|G.91}}{{Specs-Link|fiat_g91_ps}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fiat_g91_r1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fiat_g91_r3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fiat_g91_r4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|fiat_g91_r4_german}}
{{Navigation-Line|MD.450}}{{Specs-Link|md_450b_barougan}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|md_450b_ouragan}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|md_450b_ouragan_iaf}}
{{Navigation-Line|MD.452}}{{Specs-Link|md_452_mystere_2c_preproduction}}
{{Navigation-Line|MD.454}}{{Specs-Link|md_454_mystere_4a}}
{{Navigation-Line|MD.460}}{{Specs-Link|md_460}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Strike aircraft'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|A-1H}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_a_1h}}
{{Navigation-Line|A2D}}{{Specs-Link|a2d}}
{{Navigation-Line|A-20}}{{Specs-Link|a-20g}}
{{Navigation-Line|A-26}}{{Specs-Link|a-26b_10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a-26b}}
{{Navigation-Line|A-36}}{{Specs-Link|p-51_a-36}}
{{Navigation-Line|AD-2}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_2}}
{{Navigation-Line|AD-4}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_4_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|douglas_ad_4na_france}}
{{Navigation-Line|AM-1}}{{Specs-Link|am_1_mauler}}
{{Navigation-Line|AU-1}}{{Specs-Link|f4u-6_au-1}}
{{Navigation-Line|Etendard}}{{Specs-Link|etndard_4m}}
{{Navigation-Line|F3D}}{{Specs-Link|f3d_1}}
{{Navigation-Line|F-84}}{{Specs-Link|f-84b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-84g}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-84g_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-84g_italy}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-84g_france}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|f-84g-31-re_china}}
{{Navigation-Line|PBJ-1}}{{Specs-Link|pbj_1h}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pbj_1j}}
{{Navigation-Line|V-11}}{{Specs-Link|v_11g}}
{{Navigation-Line|V-12}}{{Specs-Link|v_12d}}
{{Navigation-Line|XA-38}}{{Specs-Link|xa_38}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Bombers'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|A-20}}{{Specs-Link|a_20g_30_ussr}}
{{Navigation-Line|A-26}}{{Specs-Link|a-26c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a-26c-45-dt}}
{{Navigation-Line|A-35}}{{Specs-Link|a-35b}}
{{Navigation-Line|B-10}}{{Specs-Link|b_10b}}
{{Navigation-Line|B-17}}{{Specs-Link|b-17e}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|b-17e_japan}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|b-17e_late}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|b-17g}}
{{Navigation-Line|B-18}}{{Specs-Link|b_18a}}
{{Navigation-Line|B-24}}{{Specs-Link|b_24d}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pb4y-2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pb4y-2_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pb4y-2_france}}
{{Navigation-Line|B-25}}{{Specs-Link|b_25j_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|b_25j_20}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|b_25j_30_china}}
{{Navigation-Line|B-29}}{{Specs-Link|b-29}}
{{Navigation-Line|B-34}}{{Specs-Link|b_34}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pv_2d}}
{{Navigation-Line|BTD-1}}{{Specs-Link|btd-1}}
{{Navigation-Line|DB-7}}{{Specs-Link|db_7}}
{{Navigation-Line|PBM}}{{Specs-Link|pbm_1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pbm_3}}
{{Navigation-Line|PBY-5}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a_ussr}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a_raf}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|pby-5a_late_france}}
{{Navigation-Line|SB2C}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_1c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_4}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sb2c_5_france}}
{{Navigation-Line|SB2U}}{{Specs-Link|sb2u-2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|sb2u-3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|v_156_b1}}
{{Navigation-Line|TBD-1}}{{Specs-Link|tbd-1_1938}}
{{Navigation-Line|TBF-1}}{{Specs-Link|tbf-1c}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|avenger_mk1}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Jet bombers'''}}{{Specs-Link|b-57}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|b-57b}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|so_4050_vautour_2a}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|so_4050_vautour_2b}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Bomb characteristics
|-
| '''Mass''' || 242.6 kg (535 lbs)
|-
| '''Explosive mass''' || 124.28 kg
|-
| '''Explosive type''' || Composition B
|-
| '''TNT equivalent''' || 162.81 kg
|-
| '''HE max penetration''' || 85 mm
|-
| '''Armour destruction radius''' || 9 m
|-
| '''Fragment dispersion radius''' || 126 m
|-
|}

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of bomb (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of bombs that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
The 500lb AN-46A1 Shines against lightly armoured vehicles, self-propelled anti-air, self-propelled assault guns and open-topped vehicles due to its explosive mass of 124.28 Kg, giving the player many opportunities to support their team. Against pillboxes and machine guns, The AN-46A1 Performs exceedingly well due to its explosive mass.

Against bases, the AN-46A1 also performs well, with one singular bomb dealing a quarter of the damage to bases, while 5 bombs take half the health of a base on a ground strike.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Respectable warhead

* Area of Effect damage, can hit multiple targets with varying damage

*

'''Cons:'''

* Due to his mass, it slows and impedes turn rate, climb rate and performance for fighters.

* Shrapnel will hit the plane if deployed at low altitude (Below 100 or 50 meters)

*

== History ==

Early in aviation history, applications for aircraft to serve in a military capacity surfaced, not only with the intent to scout a battlefield from an aerial vantage point but for the possibility to drop explosive bombs too. Due to the frail nature of the early wood-frame and cloth covered aircraft, lifting capacity resulted in the ability to only carry small bombs. Effectively these early bombers were hailed as aerial artillery fire which could reach targets hundreds of miles further than the most powerful land-based cannons of the time. Prior to the war, contests abounded where pilots would drop oranges or flour sacks upon predesignated targets to see who could hit closes to the centre.

Italian aviators were the first to use bombs in a warfare capacity in 1912 during their campaign in Tripoli. These first bombs were conversions of existing cannon ammunition and were effective only against personnel as they did not provide a strong enough provision to damage hardened equipment or structures. As lifting capacity of aircraft increased, so did the ability for them to carry more and larger explosives.

For the United States, bomb design did not become a priority until the middle of 1917 when a French official came to the U.S. with several samples of the Gros Andreau bombs which the French were using in large quantities at that time. Immediately these bombs were accepted by the U.S. and used as a standard in developing the first three sizes to be implemented in the military. These three bombs were known as the early "Mark" series, the 25 lb Mk.I demolition bomb, 50 lb Mk.I demolition bomb and 100 lb Mk.I demolition bomb. By December 1917, only six months later, the military put forth requirements for the development of bombs larger than the existing 100 lb bomb. After two more months of development, production of demolition bombs up to 1,000 lbs was started. Rejected 3-inch artillery rounds were the basis for early 25 lb bombs which were modified into a streamlined shape, very similar to the British Cooper bombs of the time. Larger bombs were manufactured and filled with explosive filler, all of which were placed into a streamlined body, for which a cylindrical shape was the most advantageous.

Early on, the Mark series of bombs proved to be largely unsatisfactory in a number of different areas. The bomb body itself was weak due to the sheet metal it was made from and the number of welds needed to join the pieces together. The stabilising fins were made of flimsy metal which tended to distort during both the handling and flight of the bomb, adversely affecting accuracy. For the field technicians, inserting the fuse was a complicated process which required removing the stabilising fin structure, potentially damaging the fins. The fuses tended to have a high fail rate and due to their design, they would instantly arm after release from the aircraft posing a direct threat to the delivery aircraft. Later modifications would eliminate many of the negative factors to include adding a nose fuse, time-delayed arming of the fuse, strengthening of the stabilising fins and adding primer detonators to ensure proper explosive train sequences. Other changes including streamlining all bomb bodies and utilising 100% T.N.T. as an explosive filler resulted in the newer "Modified Mark" series of Army bombs.

Prior to World War II, the military determined that the Modified Mark series of bombs were obsolete, requiring newer and up-to-date bombs to be developed. Both the U.S. Army and Navy began development of their own series of bombs, the Army with the "M" series and the Navy with their "Mk" series. Both similar, these bombs were designed with parallel sides, an ogival nose and a boat tail which is a box type-tail reinforced to prevent warping and aid with accurate drops. Due to the shortage of T.N.T., the Army filled their bombs with 50/50 Amatol with T.N.T. ends to seal in the Amatol and protect it from moisture. The Navy, on the other hand, continued to manufacture their bombs with 100% T.N.T.

With the approach of World War II, the U.S. Army (including the Army Air Corps) and the Navy standardised their series of bombs allowing for interchanging between services, consolidating manufacturing capabilities and allowing for modifications which enabled British service aircraft to mount these bombs too. Even after the standardisation of bombs in 1941, the standardisation process went through a few phases of further refinement, the first of which changed all high-explosive bombs to be termed general-purpose (G.P.) or general-purpose high-explosive (G.P.H.E). Later the designation of "demolition bomb" would come back for a few specific bombs.

When bombs are dropped, there is always a chance that something in the explosive train of the bomb will fail and it will not explode. Early AN style bombs were defusable in the event that they did not explode on contact, meaning that any unexploded AN bomb could have the fuses and boosters removed without the bomb exploding, rendering it inert. To counter this and allow for the potential "dud" bomb to explode when tampered with, the AN G.P.H.E. series bombs with the modification "A1" annotated that these bombs now had special pins mounted in the bomb's baseplate which fused with the explosive filler making it impossible to remove the booster without causing the bomb to detonate. Other modifications later added would include minor changes to the bomb body or the type of explosive filling used. During this time a second option for bomb tails was added, the box-type tail was already the mainstay of the bombs, however, to create a more aerodynamic bomb a conical tail assembly was added. This stretched out low profile tail improved the aerodynamics of the carrying aircraft, allowing it to carry more ordnance.

Progressing towards the Korean and Vietnam wars, piston-driven aircraft were giving way to jet fighters, bombers and attackers, many of which carried their ordnance on external pylons hung under the wing or underbelly. The new Mk 80 series bombs (Mk 81, 82, 83 and 84) were developed to keep external hung ordnance from creating too much drag on the delivery aircraft. Initially, the Mk 81 250 lb bombs were considered ineffective for their size or required a large amount to be effective and were removed from the munitions inventory. All-weather fighters and attackers were now being outfitted with the Mk series bombs and a new problem developed when it came to low-altitude attacks (typically coming in under low cloud cover) where the aircraft would deploy its ordnance which would hit the ground and explode catching the delivery aircraft in either the explosive blast or the shock-wave from the blast.

Modifications were developed to slow down or retard the flight of bombs, allowing for the delivery aircraft to depart out of the blast zone before they hit and detonated. Several options became available which allowed these bombs to remain aerodynamic low-drag while en-route to the target, but when deployed converted to high-drag, slower falling bombs. One option was to attach four-bladed plates to the rear of the bomb so that when the bomb deployed, these plates would pop out and create high-drag to slow the fall. Another option was to use a ballute which was basically an airbag which deployed from the rear of the bomb that acted like a drogue chute, effectively causing high-drag. Later during the fighting in Iraq, the US military brought back the 250 lb Mk 81 bombs due to their ability to be used when deploying against a specific target and to help minimise collateral damage.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[US Bombs General Information]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Bombs}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

Albatros Class (Family)

2024-07-22T19:29:51Z

U31139476: /* Vehicles */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Albatros-class Corvette}}
==Description==
The '''Albatros'''-class were a group of 10 Corvettes built for the Marina Militare Italiana, Danish Navy, Indonesian Navy and Koninklijke Marine.

==Vehicles==
===Rank V===

* [[Albatros F543]]
* [[Alcione F544]]

==Armament comparison==
This comperision is intended to offer a bird's eye view. For more detailed information, please, refer to the individual articles.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="2" |Vessel
!BR
!High Caliber
!40 mm Bofors
!Depth Charges
!Hedgehog Mk.10
|-
|[[File:Italy flag.png|link=|25x25px]]
|Albatros F-543
|4.0
|2x 76mm/62 SMP 3
|2x1
|2x B TG 100
|48
|-
|[[File:Italy flag.png|link=|25x25px]]
|Alcione F-544
|4.0
|2x 76mm/62 SMP 3
|2x1
|20x 305 mm Mk.4
|48
|-
|}

==History==


The Albatross-class consisted of 10 ships built by Italy to give to some NATO nations using American funds to increase the defence capabilities of these nations under the Mutual Defence Assistance Program, eventually, the albatross class corvettes were built, all equipped at the beginning with two 76mm SMP3 placed both front and rear, a twin 40mm Breda-Bofors tower at the rear in the centre of the ship and a hedgehog launcher to attack submarines, later the various nations would change the existing armament to something else.

Of the Albatros-class, 3 corvettes would be built for Italy, 4 corvettes for Denmark but the class would be renamed Triton-class in their case, 2 corvettes for Indonesia but these, in particular, would be modified quite a bit creating the Pattimura-class and is a slightly larger version of the Albatros and finally a corvette for the Dutch navy.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Ship name
!Builder
!Setting
!Launch
!Entry in service
! colspan="2" |Final Destiny
|-
! colspan="7" |ITALY
|-
|Albatros (F 543)
| rowspan="3" |Navalmeccanica, Castellammare di Stabia
|27 June 1953
|18 July 1954
|1 June 1955
|1986
|Decommissioned and disarmed
|-
|Alcione (F 544)
|1953
|19 September 1954
|23 October 1955
|1992
| rowspan="3" |Decommissioned
|-
|Airone (F 545)
|1953
|21 November 1954
|29 December 1955
|1992
|-
|Aquila (F 542)
|Cantiere Breda Marghera, Venezia
|__
| colspan="2" |Ex Lynx (F 823), transferred to italy and put in service in 18 October 1961
|1992
|-
! colspan="7" |DENMARK
|-
|Bellona (F 344)
|Navalmeccanica, Castellammare di Stabia
|1954
|9 January 1955
|31 January 1957
|9 January 1981
| rowspan="4" |Decommissioned and disarmed
|-
|Diana (F 345)
| rowspan="2" |Cantiere del Tirreno, Riva, Trigoso
|1953
|19 December 1954
|30 July 1955
|30 August 1975
|-
|Flora (F 346)
|1953
|25 June 1955
|28 August 1956
|1977
|-
|Triton (F 347)
|Cantieri Navali di Taranto
|1953
|12 September 1954
|10 August 1955
|9 January 1981
|-
! colspan="7" |NETHERLANDS
|-
|Lynx (F 823)
|Cantiere Breda Marghera, Venezia
|__
|31 July 1954
|2 October 1956
|1961
|Given to Italy
|-
! colspan="7" |INDONESIA
|-
|Pattimura (257, after 371)
| rowspan="2" |Ansaldo, Livorno
|__
|1 July 1956
|28 January 1958
|1985
| rowspan="2" |Decommissioned
|-
|Sultan Hasanudin (253, after 372)
|__
|24 March 1957
|8 March 1958
|1979
|}

{{Italy boats}}
[[Category:Family pages]]

Albatros F543

2024-07-21T15:28:57Z

U31139476: /* See also */

{{About
| about = Italian gunboat '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the German motor torpedo gun boat
| link = Albatros
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_albatros_class_f543
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|GarageImage {{PAGENAME}} (2).jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Laid down on 27 June 1953, launched on 18 July 1954, and entered into service on 1 June 1955, the '''Albatros F543''' was the first ship of the Albatros-class corvettes to be built. With the role of convoy flanking and anti-submarine search, she was in service from 1955 until October 1962 under the 10th A/S Squadron of the 1st Naval Division. She would only carry out escort missions, submarine search operations, and intercoastal patrols, and in fact, she would be used for Fisheries Surveillance in the Sicilian Channel until June 1983 when she was transferred back to La Spezia, only to be removed from service after 3 years and decommissioned in 1986.

Introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]], the Albatros F543 is a very good corvette thanks to its firepower: the SMP 3 cannons can only equip HE and HE-VT shells, but thanks to its continuous and quick firing without overheating compared to other 76 mm cannons, you can cause a lot of explosive damage and continuous crew loss to enemy vessels. Meanwhile, the 40 mm Breda-Bofors cannons with their rapid fire rate can quickly destroy any small targets. Additionally, the 76 mm are able to be equipped with HE-VT, and the Albatros is equipped with a radar that can lock on to enemy aircraft, so it will be child's play to destroy enemy aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The survivability of the Albatros F543 is decently able to withstand several enemy hits, the crew consists of 117 people so you have decent survivability against enemy damage to the hull, armaments, and fires on the ship. However, if the ship is under continuous enemy fire, it is not able to respond to enemy fire because many times they will start to shoot down all your armaments first so in the end try to avoid such situations where possible.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

For a frigate, the Albatros F543 is very manoeuvrable and decently fast, which allows it to dodge some enemy fire coming towards your ship and also to dodge any torpedoes or enemy bombs. It can accelerate both forward and backward quickly, but it struggles to slow down, so, in this case, it can help to steer left and right to slow down further.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Focus on unlocking OM-2 HE and OM-2 HE-VT shells after repairs and extinguishers to give you an advantage in firepower against both naval and air targets

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|76 mm/62 SMP 3 (76 mm)}}

The main armament is composed of two 76 mm SMP 3 in single positions, located one in front and one in the back. They do not overheat. The guns can only be loaded with high-explosive shells: OM-1 and OM-2. OM-2 has more explosive filler than OM-1, and these bullets are able to disable any component present in enemy ships from the armament up to the engines thanks to its explosive potential. Always try to disable the enemy armament before any other component.

In contrast, the HE-VT shells are perfect for shooting down enemy air targets from long to short range, and this projectile also has great explosive power with 0.864 kg of explosive so can destroy even a strategic bomber (B-17, He 177, etc) with a single shot.

{{:76 mm/62 SMP 3 (76 mm)/Ammunition|76 mm OM-1 HE, 76 mm OM-2 HE, 76 mm OM-2 HE-VT}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|L70 Bofors-Breda (40 mm)}}

The secondary armament consisting of a twin 40 mm Breda-Bofors turret is a great secondary for the simple fact that you have a high rate of fire and can use this armament against both coastal ships except those that have high survivability ([[LE Orla]], [[HMS Peacock]]) and in particular very effective against air targets due to rapid fire and the radar which you can use to manually lock on to aircraft and shoot them.

{{:L70 Bofors-Breda (40 mm)/Ammunition|40 mm HEI-T}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.10 Hedgehog mortar|B TG 100 depth charge}}

The Albatros can also be equipped with two Mk.10 Hedgehog mortars and two B TG 100 depth charge launchers, both of which are submarine-specific armaments but being that they are not in War Thunder, you can use them against both small and large ships, both of which cause severe hull damage, incapacitating the enemy ship and causing it to flood quickly.

== Usage in battles ==


When preparing to use the Albatros F543 in battle, it is advisable to start with another ship or boat, allowing the enemy to approach closer to your spawn. Once the conditions are right, spawn the Albatros F543 (this will usually be at the destroyer spawn since it is a frigate). Engage the enemy vessels using your 76 mm cannons: while stock, you will only have the OM-1, but after researching the OM-2 HE, you will be able to inflict significant damage to enemy ships due to the explosive mass of the shell. Aim your shots at the main guns and then at the bridge to disable the enemy's most lethal armament. Keep an eye on the radar for incoming enemy planes, and use the 40 mm Bofors-Breda to take them down. Alternatively, lock onto the enemy plane and take shots with the 76 mm OM-2 HE-VT to effectively shoot down the plane attacking you or an ally. For air and naval targets, the 40 mm Bofors-Breda can be left in AI mode. Depending on the map, it's recommended to play around a sheltered position for safety to take cover if the main armament gets destroyed.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent AA armament
* The main armament does not overheat
* Search and Track radar for air targets

'''Cons:'''

* Low speed and acceleration
* Don't have any AP rounds

== History ==

=== Albatros-class ===
The Albatros-class consisted of 10 ships built by Italy to give to some NATO nations using American funds to increase the defence capabilities of these nations under the Mutual Defence Assistance Program. All Albatros-class corvettes were originally equipped with two 76 mm SMP 3 cannons placed at the front and rear, a twin 40 mm Breda-Bofors turret at the rear, and a Hedgehog launcher to attack submarines. Later, the various nations would alter the armament to their own configurations.

Of the Albatros-class, 3 corvettes would be built for Italy, 4 corvettes for Denmark (known as the Triton-class), 2 corvettes for Indonesia (heavily modified and slightly enlarged, forming the Pattimura-class), and finally 1 corvette for the Dutch navy.

=== Service history ===
Laid down on 27 June 1953, launched on 18 July 1954 and entered into service on 1 June 1955, the Albatros F543 was the first ship of the Albatros class to be built, to support allied ships in convoy in the role of submarine-destroyer and in defence against enemy small ships, and to patrol the coasts. She was assigned to the 10th A/S Squadron of the 1st Naval Division until October 1962, and on 4 March 1956, she was awarded the combat flag by the ANMI (Associazione Nazionale Marinai d'Italia) Group of Ivrea in Genoa. After active service, she went on to serve as a training ship, carrying out fishing surveillance missions in the Sicilian Channel until June 1983, before being permanently transferred to La Spezia where, in 1986, she was taken out of service and decommissioned.

=== [[wt:en/news/7572-development-albatros-sub-chaser-f-543-sea-shredder-en|Devblog]] ===

In the early 1950s, the Italian Ansaldo shipyard designed a new class of corvettes that subsequently ended up being selected by NATO to equip several member states' navies under the Mutual Defence Assistance Program (MDAP). As a result, Ansaldo initially received orders to construct a total of eight ships, of which three were destined for service in the Italian navy, one with the Dutch and the last four with the Danish navy. Several years after the initial order was placed, Indonesia also expressed interest in procuring the Albatros-class corvette, as it became known, for its own navy and subsequently placed an order for two vessels to be constructed.

The Albatros-class was the first series of warships constructed by Italian shipyards following the end of WWII. Albatros itself was completed and commissioned in 1955, with the remainder of the ships being delivered to their respective operators until 1957. In service, the Albatros corvettes experienced some issues with their primary weapon - the automatic 76mm SMP 3 cannons - being considered too complex. Despite this and the vessels perceived lacklustre speed, Albatros-class corvettes were considered successful and would end up serving up until the early 1990s before the Italian navy finally decommissioned their last vessels from active service.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_albatros_class_f543 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos

{{Youtube-gallery|tSRMq0z2XdI|'''F543 Albatros - Albatros-Class Corvette - Italian Top Tier Corvette Review''' - ''Cmdr. Tyrael''}}

== See also ==


* [[Sparviero]]
* [[76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)/Ammunition|76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact]]
* [[Albatros Class (Family)|Albatros Class]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7572-development-albatros-sub-chaser-f-543-sea-shredder-en|[Devblog] Albatros sub-chaser (F 543): Sea Shredder]]

{{ShipManufacturer Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia}}
{{Italy boats}}

A-6E TRAM

2024-07-21T13:12:53Z

U31139476: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=a_6e_tram
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|StoreImage_{{PAGENAME}}_002.png}}
|store=11805
}}

== Description ==

The obsolescence of the AD/A-1 Skyraider attack aircraft led to the search for a new plane able to satisfy both US Navy (USN) and US Marine Corps (USMC) requirements. Aside from the type of engine, the new plane was to be capable of all-weather operations. Grumman was one of eleven companies that sent their designs for selection, and Grumman's design was selected in January 1958 as the ''YA2F-1''. Following development and testing, the YA2F-1 was accepted into the US Navy in February 1963 as the A-6 Intruder. Following experiences in the Vietnam War, the A-6 went through multiple variants featuring improvements or for specialized roles. The A-6E was introduced in December 1972 with better navigation, attack, and radar equipment. It featured another enhancement in 1979 with the Target Recognition and Attack Multi-sensors (TRAM) system, which enabled better targeting abilities for improved munition accuracy. The A-6E Intruder and its variants continued serving the US Navy in most combat operations from the Vietnam War onwards, including the 1991 Gulf War. All Intruders were retired by February 1997.

Introduced in [[Update "Apex Predators"]], the premium A-6E TRAM is one of the more unique aircraft in the game as it does not come with any native weapons. The weapon it brings into the battle is dependent on five hard points that players are able to customize. The assortment of weapons is quite remarkable, with smart weapons like guided bombs not needing a targeting pod due to the TRAM system installed in the aircraft. That said, the A-6E TRAM is subsonic-only, so it cannot get to the battlefield quickly and falls closer to the category of A-10s and Su-25s. However, if the battlefield calls for very specific loadout requirements, the A-6E can provide that kind of flexibility to bring only what is essential to the needs of the battlefield.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at 12,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,047 || 1,041 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 50.2 || 51.2 || 35.1 || 32.4 || rowspan="2" | 1,100
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,063 || 1,055 || 48.1 || 49.0 || 53.9 || 44.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,322  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 555 || 510 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || <900 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney J52-P-8As || 2
| colspan="3" | 12,647 kg || colspan="3" | ___ kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 17m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 57m fuel
|-
| 654 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 14,816 kg || 15,164 kg || 16,422 kg || 18,309 kg || 19,876 kg || 26,602 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 17m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 57m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,796 kgf || N/A
| 0.51 || 0.50 || 0.46 || 0.41 || 0.38 || 0.29
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,796 kgf<br>(0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.51 || 0.50 || 0.46 || 0.41 || 0.38 || 0.29
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 60 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="9%" | 1 !! width="9%" | 2 !! width="9%" | 3 !! width="9%" | 4 !! width="9%" | 5
| rowspan="19" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[Mk 11 mod 5 (20 mm)|20 mm Mk 11 mod 5]] cannons (750 rpg)
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|250 lb LDGP Mk 81]] bombs
| 6 || 5 || 6 || 5 || 6
|-
! [[Mk 81 Snakeye (250 lb)|250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye]] bombs
| 6 || 5 || 6 || 5 || 6
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| 6 || 5 || 6 || 5 || 6
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| 6 || 5 || 6 || 5 || 6
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| 3 || 2 || 3 || 2 || 3
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 Air (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 Air]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary]] bombs
| 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
! [[GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II]] bombs
| 2 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 2
|-
! [[GBU-10 Paveway II (957 kg)|957 kg GBU-10 Paveway II]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| 57 || 38 || || 38 || 57
|-
! [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP]] rockets
| 12 || 8 || || 8 || 12
|-
! [[AGM-123 Skipper]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9G Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
! Countermeasures
| 240 || 240 || || 240 || 240
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 6 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs + 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles + 2 x 957 kg GBU-10 Paveway II guided bombs (7,220 lb total)
* 960 x countermeasures
* 4 x 20 mm Mk 11 mod 5 cannons (750 rpg = 3,000 total)
* 4 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 40 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 190 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 4 x AGM-123 Skipper missiles
* 28 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (7,000 lb total)
* 28 x 250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye bombs (7,000 lb total)
* 28 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (14,000 lb total)
* 28 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (14,000 lb total)
* 13 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (13,000 lb total)
* 5 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (10,000 lb total)
* 5 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 Air bombs (10,000 lb total)
* 5 x 957 kg GBU-10 Paveway II guided bombs (4,785 kg total)
* 9 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II guided bombs (2,493 kg total)
* 5 x 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II guided bombs (5,460 lb total)
* 10 x Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very large air-to-ground payloads, with many choices for suspended weaponry
* Access to excellent AIM-9L all-aspect air-to-air missiles
* Decent flight characteristics when lightly loaded makes it viable in dogfights
* Built-in TRAM turret provides FLIR and laser-targeting capabilities
* Highly customizable secondary weapons due to the large variety of guided bombs, rockets, gunpods, air-to-air missiles and more which allows a loadout appropriate to almost any fight

'''Cons:'''

* No internal gun; taking gun pods or air-to-air missiles for self-defense reduces payload amount
* Loses speed very quickly in turns
* Gunpods have poor accuracy and are wing-mounted (convergence issue)
* TRAM turret cannot look fully backwards
* Relatively low top speed, acceleration and climb rate, especially when carrying heavy payloads due to it being a subsonic jet
* Poor handling at high speeds, causing stall very easily, especially when climbing
* Subsonic jet which makes it slower than other jets at its battle rating, making it difficult to outrun and maneuver most supersonic jets

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=a_6e_tram Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|5tE6fqxW0nQ|'''The Shooting Range #342''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:23 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|WtvaAHUrQZc|'''A-6E TRAM: A Basic Review''' - ''Tims Variety''}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7984-development-aircraft-rank-viii-announce-and-pre-order-of-the-a-6e-tram-intruder-en|[Devblog] Aircraft Rank VIII announce and pre-order of the A-6E TRAM Intruder]]

{{AirManufacturer Grumman}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

Albatros Class (Family)

2024-07-21T12:51:34Z

U31139476: Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:Albatros-class Corvette}} ==Description== The '''Albatros'''-class were a group of 10 Corvettes built for the Marina Militare Italiana, Danish Navy, Indonesian..."

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Albatros-class Corvette}}
==Description==
The '''Albatros'''-class were a group of 10 Corvettes built for the Marina Militare Italiana, Danish Navy, Indonesian Navy and Koninklijke Marine.

==Vehicles==
===Rank V===
* [[Albatros F543]]
* [[Alcione F544]]

==History==


The Albatross-class consisted of 10 ships built by Italy to give to some NATO nations using American funds to increase the defence capabilities of these nations under the Mutual Defence Assistance Program, eventually, the albatross class corvettes were built, all equipped at the beginning with two 76mm SMP3 placed both front and rear, a twin 40mm Breda-Bofors tower at the rear in the centre of the ship and a hedgehog launcher to attack submarines, later the various nations would change the existing armament to something else.

Of the Albatros-class, 3 corvettes would be built for Italy, 4 corvettes for Denmark but the class would be renamed Triton-class in their case, 2 corvettes for Indonesia but these, in particular, would be modified quite a bit creating the Pattimura-class and is a slightly larger version of the Albatros and finally a corvette for the Dutch navy.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Ship name
!Builder
!Setting
!Launch
!Entry in service
! colspan="2" |Final Destiny
|-
! colspan="7" |ITALY
|-
|Albatros (F 543)
| rowspan="3" |Navalmeccanica, Castellammare di Stabia
|27 June 1953
|18 July 1954
|1 June 1955
|1986
|Decommissioned and disarmed
|-
|Alcione (F 544)
|1953
|19 September 1954
|23 October 1955
|1992
| rowspan="3" |Decommissioned
|-
|Airone (F 545)
|1953
|21 November 1954
|29 December 1955
|1992
|-
|Aquila (F 542)
|Cantiere Breda Marghera, Venezia
|__
| colspan="2" |Ex Lynx (F 823), transferred to italy and put in service in 18 October 1961
|1992
|-
! colspan="7" |DENMARK
|-
|Bellona (F 344)
|Navalmeccanica, Castellammare di Stabia
|1954
|9 January 1955
|31 January 1957
|9 January 1981
| rowspan="4" |Decommissioned and disarmed
|-
|Diana (F 345)
| rowspan="2" |Cantiere del Tirreno, Riva, Trigoso
|1953
|19 December 1954
|30 July 1955
|30 August 1975
|-
|Flora (F 346)
|1953
|25 June 1955
|28 August 1956
|1977
|-
|Triton (F 347)
|Cantieri Navali di Taranto
|1953
|12 September 1954
|10 August 1955
|9 January 1981
|-
! colspan="7" |NETHERLANDS
|-
|Lynx (F 823)
|Cantiere Breda Marghera, Venezia
|__
|31 July 1954
|2 October 1956
|1961
|Given to Italy
|-
! colspan="7" |INDONESIA
|-
|Pattimura (257, after 371)
| rowspan="2" |Ansaldo, Livorno
|__
|1 July 1956
|28 January 1958
|1985
| rowspan="2" |Decommissioned
|-
|Sultan Hasanudin (253, after 372)
|__
|24 March 1957
|8 March 1958
|1979
|}

{{Italy boats}}
[[Category:Family pages]]

Albatros

2024-07-21T12:40:43Z

U31139476: /* See also */

{{About
| about = German motor torpedo gun boat '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the Italian gunboat
| link = Albatros F543
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_type143_albatros
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German motor torpedo gun boat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] as part of the fleet closed beta test.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Albatros' armour is lacklustre and will be only able to withstand low calibre fire and small amounts of explosive fragmentation. The bridge, hull, and turrets barely have armour, meaning they will quickly be damaged or even destroyed by 12.7 mm or 20 mm armour-piercing rounds. When it comes to components, it is easy to make ammo explosion in the Albatros as the ammunition is above the waterline. When it comes to air threats (machine gun strafes, rockets, bombs), the Albatros will be able to survive them with some exceptions to bombs. Bombs that land within a 40 m radius of the ship can cause fatal damage (it will also depend on the type of bomb, weight, TNT equivalent, etc).

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The Albatros, as a Cold War fast attack craft, changes completely the doctrine of previous ships, meaning it compensates armour with speed. It is able to reach speeds above 40 knots (~75 km/h), making it terrifyingly fast for a ship of its with its firepower. It is more than capable of reaching the battlefield faster than other destroyers and will outrun cruisers and battleships. When it comes to manoeuvrability, the Albatros leaves nothing to be desired. It is able to do tight turns (relatively tight turns but with greater speed than other destroyers) as well as accelerate and decelerate quickly.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)}}

The Albatros is armed with the powerful OTO-Melara 76 mm Compact autocannon, the same gun as seen in the [[OTOMATIC]]. They are powerful weapons which will decimate almost every vessel it faces, not only because of the calibre but also because the rate of fire, which is doubled as it has two turrets. The autocannons have access to both high explosive and proximity fuzed ammunition, this being HE and HE-VT. It is recommended to utilize HE as primary ammunition against everything but aircraft. When it comes to aircraft, HE-VT is recommended due to the proximity fuse. With the use of radar, engaging enemy targets becomes easier than engaging them with eyesight.

{{:76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)/Ammunition|76 mm DM-251, 76 mm DM-261}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

[[File:Type_143_firing_Seal_DM2A1_Torpedoes.png|350px|thumb|{{PAGENAME}} launching its two [[Seal DM2A1 (533 mm)|Seal DM2A1]] torpedoes. Note how they are facing to the rear.]]
{{main|Seal DM2A1 (533 mm)}}

Armament consists of two [[Seal DM2A1 (533 mm)|Seal DM2A1]] torpedoes mounted in tubes on the aft deck. These torpedoes are launched with their tails facing forward. Upon entering the water, they make a tight turn left until coming parallel with the launching ship's original course. They can only be aimed in a forward direction, as the tubes are static.

== Usage in battles ==

In Realistic naval battles, the Albatros is a mixed bag. Its high speed makes it great for rushing in to secure capture points and strategic positions at the start of the round. However, the ship lacks in the armour department, and with only 2 main guns, it can get overwhelmed by enemies easily. This ship is best used in a supporting role, where its awesome 76 mm OTO-Melara cannons can shred enemy ships while also benefiting from the extra firepower and protection of friendly craft. In a situation where a player finds themselves alone in the Albatros, it's best to use your speed to head toward friendly forces. It can be good in a one-on-one situation, but as soon as another enemy vessel arrives, the Albatros finds itself at a disadvantage. Torpedoes should be used in rush tactics against larger ships, however it's again advised to do so with support from other vessels. One round from a destroyer or cruiser can badly cripple or even outright sink the Albatros.

=== Pros and cons ===

[[File:Type_143_firing_its_76mm_cannons.png|350px|thumb|{{PAGENAME}} firing its main 76 mm OTO-Melara cannons.]]

'''Pros:'''

* Good speed to get into great positions before the enemy
* Fast firing 76 mm main armaments that can give even destroyers a run for their money
* Guns are stable at high speeds
* Variable time fuse shells paired with the great guns makes dealing with aircraft easy
* Access to air search and tracking radar

'''Cons:'''

* Lightly armoured
* Small crew size
* Small size means compartments and modules are packed rather tight
* Torpedo tubes are static
* Only two main guns and no secondary armament

== History ==

The Albatros-class fast attack craft was the replacement ship for the Type 141 Seeadler-class fast attack craft, a derivative of the Type 140 Jaguar fast attack craft. The design and development started in the 1960s and finished design stages in 1966. It was set under production, with the first unit being launched and commissioned in 1976.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_type143_albatros Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Gallery
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Type 143 view from aft deck.png|Type 143 Albatros view from aft deck with the cannon and torpedoes looking fore.
File:Type 143 aft deck torpedo launchers and cannon.png|Type 143 Albatros aft deck torpedo launchers and cannon.
File:Type 143 with EXOCET missile launchers.png|Type 143 mid ship MM-38 EXOCET missile launchers.
File:Type 143 dual 76 mm cannons firing.png|Type 143 dual purpose OTO Melara 76 mm guns
File:Type 143 side view.png|Type 143 Albatros Side View
File:Type 143 bow mounted OTO Melara.png|Type 143 bow mounted OTO Melara.
File:Type 143 turning at speed.png|Type 143 Albatros turning at high speed.
</gallery>

;Video
{{Youtube-gallery|YSxjrQWwEbE|'''The Shooting Range #188''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:35 discusses the Albatros-Klasse.}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Bussard]]
* [[Albatros Klasse (Family)|Albatos Klasse]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer Lürssen}}
{{Germany boats}}

Bussard

2024-07-21T12:39:59Z

U31139476: /* See also */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_type143_bussard
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|market=id50147_bussard_germany
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German motor torpedo gun boat {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Red Skies"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/7267-event-summer-landing-en|2021 Summer Landing]] event.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The survivability of the Bussard is abysmal. Even with its crew count higher than PT boats', the vessel is completely unprotected by any kind of armour and any gunfire will make short work of her crew and internal compartments. The crew is large at 40 sailors, but they are quickly taken out by gunfire.

The turrets and ammunition magazine are relatively compact, so ammo detonations are possible but not extremely common. The secondary armament, four machine guns above the bridge, is very small and hard to hit. The bridge and the engine compartment are very large targets and are often the first things destroyed when taking fire.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The ship is powered by four MTU 16V 956 TB91 diesels, each producing 17,700 shaft horsepower. This gives the Bussard a very good speed for its size, and provides quick manoeuvring at any speed. The vessel can reach a forward speed of slightly over 41 knots spaded, and has a very respectable 22 knot reverse speed. The ship isn't as good as other coastal craft at stopping from full speed, but it is enough to avoid constantly crashing into islands on heavily clustered maps. The rudder shifting is very responsive, taking around five seconds to go completely from one side to the other.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)}}

The two fast-firing [[76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)]] guns are hard-hitting and have access to some excellent ammunition: a very effective HE shell and a HE-VT shell that easily shreds incoming aircraft.

The reload time of the weapons is fixed at 0.9 seconds with the installed autoloader, with a ready-use ammo supply of 85 rounds per gun. The ballistics are excellent at close to medium range, but at long range begins to suffer given the small calibre of the weapons.

Against enemy ships, the HE shell is the obvious choice. A very potent explosive mass will shred other coastal vessels and can start fires on larger ships.

Against enemy aircraft and to a lesser extent small vessels, the HE-VT shells are very effective. Enemy aircraft nearby will not last long against the quick-firing proximity shells, and smaller vessels are susceptible to them as they act like normal HE against surface targets.

{{:76 mm/62 OTO-Melara Compact (76 mm)/Ammunition|76 mm DM-251, 76 mm DM-261}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|AN-M2 (12.7 mm)|MG3 (7.62 mm)}}

The secondary armament is very lacklustre, but is still capable of doing some damage. Two [[AN-M2 (12.7 mm)]] heavy machine guns and two [[MG3 (7.62 mm)]] light machine guns, one of each on the port and starboard sides of the bridge, provide limited defence against other coastal craft and nearby aircraft.

The .50 cal weapons come stock with a Universal belt, and you can unlock an AP and API-T belt with higher portions of Incendiary and Armour-Piercing rounds.

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}
* '''.50 AP belt:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|M2 armour-piercing}}
* '''.50 APIT belt:''' {{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|M20 armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|I|M1 incendiary}}

{{:AN-M2 (12.7 mm)/Ammunition|AP, I, API-T}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Seal DM2A1 (533 mm)}}

The Bussard also has access to two [[Seal DM2A1 (533 mm)|533 mm Seal DM2A1]] torpedoes on the rear deck. The torpedoes launch backwards and quickly turn around before continuing on their course. The weapons have a very long range and good speed, and while the warhead is mediocre at 250 kg of explosive mass, it is still effective against light craft and destroyers.

== Usage in battles ==

The Bussard is best used as a second-line ship, supporting faster or more manoeuvrable vessels with its powerful main armament. She relies on nearby allies since her hull is very weak and at the same time represents a large target. It can also be an effective anti-aircraft escort for friendly vessels with its fast-firing proximity rounds, air search radar, and air target tracking radar that can lock onto enemy aircraft and provide a lead indicator.

Everything in the game is a major threat to this ship, given its large size and easily damaged internal modules. Vessels such as the American PT boats with their large-calibre 20 mm and 40 mm cannons are top priority, with any coastal craft or destroyer it can face being a danger.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Large-calibre, fast-firing main guns.
* Effective ammunition choices.
* Very good speed and manoeuvrability for her size.
* Air search and tracking radar.

'''Cons:'''

* Large target and no armour, gets destroyed very easily.
* Only two primary weapons, one being destroyed, heavily impacts damage potential.
* Secondary/AA armament is extremely lacking.

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/7261-development-summer-marathon-vehicles-type-143-bussard-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1972, the AEG-Telefunken company received an order for the construction of 10 boats in the Albatros project (Type 143), developed by the shipbuilding company Lürssen. These boats were supposed to replace the outdated ships of Projects 141 and 142. The main calibre of the boats were the Italian automatic 76 mm cannons manufactured by OTO Melara, in addition, there were two SEAL DM2A1 torpedoes on board. The last boat of the series was built in 1977, the lead ship, Albatros, like the rest of the boats, received "bird" names. The fourth boat of the series, Bussard (German for "buzzard") was in service with the German fleet until 2005, and in 2010 was sold to Ghana, where she was renamed to Yaa Asantewaa, in honour of the leader of the uprising and the nation's heroine.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_type143_bussard Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Bussard with LS-3 Escort.png|<small>Bussard with an escort</small>
File:Bussard firing on the enemy.jpg|<small>Bussard firing at the enemy</small>
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Albatros]]
* [[Albatros Klasse (Family)|Albatos Klasse]]

;Other boats of similar configuration and role

* [[USS Asheville]]
* [[SKR-1]]
* [[HMS Peacock]]
* [[Chikugo]]
* [[Saetta P-494]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7261-development-summer-marathon-vehicles-type-143-bussard-en|[Devblog] Summer marathon vehicles: Type 143 Bussard]]

{{ShipManufacturer Lürssen}}
{{Germany boats}}

Albatros Klasse (Family)

2024-07-21T12:39:11Z

U31139476: Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE:Albatros Klasse (Family)}} == Vehicles == === Rank V === * Albatros - <sub>Albatros (143)</sub> * Bussard - <sub>Bussard (143)</sub> == See also == <..."

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Albatros Klasse (Family)}}

== Vehicles ==
=== Rank V ===

* [[Albatros]] - <sub>Albatros (143)</sub>
* [[Bussard]] - <sub>Bussard (143)</sub>

== See also ==


[[Category:Family pages]]

Kungstiger

2024-07-17T22:42:35Z

U31139476: /* General info */

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_kungstiger
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Alpha Strike"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season XV, "Northern King"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''''Armour type:'''''

*''Rolled homogeneous armour''
*''Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola, Turret front)''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!''Armour''!!''Front (Slope angle)''!!''Sides (Slope angle)''!!''Rear (Slope angle)''!!''Roof''
|-
|''Hull''||''150 mm (50°) Front glacis''
''100 mm (50°) Lower glacis''
|''80 mm (25-26°) Top''
''80 + 5 mm Bottom''
|''80 mm (28°)''||''40 mm''
|-
|''Turret''||''100 mm (17-57°) Turret front''
''120 mm Gun mantlet''
|''82 mm (28-29°)''||''80 mm (30°)''
''25 mm Turret underside''
|''40 mm''
|-
|''Cupola''||''100 mm''||''100 mm''||''100 mm''||''40 mm''
|-
|}'''''Notes:'''''

*Turret front armour is only 100 mm thick, but it is rounded, with varying angles (between 0-55°). Middle part is unangled and is the weakest part of the turret.
*Turret has some major flaws, like a shot trap, and exposed, vulnerable turret ring (80-100 mm thick and no angle at all).
*Commander's cupola on top of the turret is 100 mm thick, but quite well angled.
*Lower glacis is only 100 mm thick, but it is not a weak spot (over 200 mm effective angled).
*Machine gun port could be marked as close-range weak spot. Although most of it is still 150 mm thick, the angling is much worse. But targeting the turret is preferable.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=904|rbMinHp=619}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK43 (88 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK43 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 70 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 15.4 || 21.3 || 25.8 || 28.6 || 30.4 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.3 || 13.3 || 16.2 || 17.9 || 19.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK43 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39/43, Sprgr.43, PzGr 40/43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''70''' ||65 (+5)|| 59 ''(+11)'' || 48 ''(+22)'' || 37 ''(+33)'' || 30 ''(+40)'' || 23 ''(+47)'' || __
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

*Recommended ammo load is 23 to keep the hull empty and both ready racks full.
*Ammo racks 7 and 8 are ready racks, and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle, then fills 1 through 6 in that order.
*Full reload speed will be realized as long as ammo exists in either ready rack. If both ready racks are empty, a penalty to reload speed will occur.
*Simply not firing the main gun when it is loaded will load ammo from racks 1-6 into 8 then 7, as long as there is ammo in racks 1-6. Firing the main gun will interrupt the loading of the ready racks.
*Thanks to the ready rack feature found on this tank, the first and second ammo racks found in the back of the turret will always be full of ammo, making it the prime target for enemy tankers who are looking to detonate your ammo rack. Even solid shots like APCR and APDS that commonly pierce your front turret can make their way to the rear of the turret, potentially hitting the ready rack and can cause a critical hit to become a deadly one.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (150) || 900 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Powerful cannon
* Turret is highly sloped and can cause some shots to bounce
* Adequate armour

*

'''Cons:'''

* Weak armour protection on the turret
* Big Target

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|_JPoPGmJWgk|'''Battle Pass: Northern King''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:30 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Tiger II (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden heavy tanks}}
{{Sweden premium ground vehicles}}

Kungstiger

2024-07-17T22:35:42Z

U31139476: Undo revision 189365 by U16451009 (talk)

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_kungstiger
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update "Alpha Strike"]] as a reward for [[Battle Pass: Season XV, "Northern King"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''''Armour type:'''''

*''Rolled homogeneous armour''
*''Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola, Turret front)''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!''Armour''!!''Front (Slope angle)''!!''Sides (Slope angle)''!!''Rear (Slope angle)''!!''Roof''
|-
|''Hull''||''150 mm (50°) Front glacis''
''100 mm (50°) Lower glacis''
|''80 mm (25-26°) Top''
''80 + 5 mm Bottom''
|''80 mm (28°)''||''40 mm''
|-
|''Turret''||''100 mm (17-57°) Turret front''
''120 mm Gun mantlet''
|''82 mm (28-29°)''||''80 mm (30°)''
''25 mm Turret underside''
|''40 mm''
|-
|''Cupola''||''100 mm''||''100 mm''||''100 mm''||''40 mm''
|-
|}'''''Notes:'''''

*''Turret front armour is only 100 mm thick, but it is rounded, with varying angles (between 0-55°). Middle part is unangled and is the weakest part of the turret.''
*''Turret has some major flaws, like a shot trap, and exposed, vulnerable turret ring (80-100 mm thick and no angle at all).''
*''Commander's cupola on top of the turret is 100 mm thick, but quite well angled.''
*''Lower glacis is only 100 mm thick, but it is not a weak spot (over 200 mm effective angled).''
*''Machine gun port could be marked as close-range weak spot. Although most of it is still 150 mm thick, the angling is much worse. But targeting the turret is preferable.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=904|rbMinHp=619}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK43 (88 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK43 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 70 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | - || 15.4 || 21.3 || 25.8 || 28.6 || 30.4 || rowspan="2" | 9.75 || rowspan="2" | 8.63 || rowspan="2" | 7.95 || rowspan="2" | 7.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.3 || 13.3 || 16.2 || 17.9 || 19.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:KwK43 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39/43, Sprgr.43, PzGr 40/43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full<br>ammo
! 1st<br>rack empty
! 2nd<br>rack empty
! 3rd<br>rack empty
! 4th<br>rack empty
! 5th<br>rack empty
! 6th<br>rack empty
! Visual<br>discrepancy
|-
| '''70''' ||65 (+5)|| 59 ''(+11)'' || 48 ''(+22)'' || 37 ''(+33)'' || 30 ''(+40)'' || 23 ''(+47)'' || __
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

*Recommended ammo load is 23 to keep the hull empty and both ready racks full.
*Ammo racks 7 and 8 are ready racks, and takes priority in being filled at the beginning of the battle, then fills 1 through 6 in that order.
*Full reload speed will be realized as long as ammo exists in either ready rack. If both ready racks are empty, a penalty to reload speed will occur.
*Simply not firing the main gun when it is loaded will load ammo from racks 1-6 into 8 then 7, as long as there is ammo in racks 1-6. Firing the main gun will interrupt the loading of the ready racks.
*Thanks to the ready rack feature found on this tank, the first and second ammo racks found in the back of the turret will always be full of ammo, making it the prime target for enemy tankers who are looking to detonate your ammo rack. Even solid shots like APCR and APDS that commonly pierce your front turret can make their way to the rear of the turret, potentially hitting the ready rack and can cause a critical hit to become a deadly one.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (150) || 900 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|_JPoPGmJWgk|'''Battle Pass: Northern King''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:30 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Tiger II (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden heavy tanks}}
{{Sweden premium ground vehicles}}

Alpha Jet E

2024-07-17T16:39:11Z

U31139476: /* Engine performance */

{{About
| about = strike fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Alpha Jet (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=alpha_jet_e
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Alpha Strike"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1005 || 996 || rowspan="2" |12,200||30.7|| 31.6 || 40.2 || 37.1 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1130 ||390|| ___ ||~580|| ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" |SNECMA Turbomeca Larzac 04-C5||2
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
|295|| colspan="2" |____
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf<br>(_ km/h) || ___ kgf<br>(_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
|{{Tick}}|| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 1 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannon (150 rpg) + 2 x 310 l drop tanks
* 1 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannon + 6 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 1 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannon + 6 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 1 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannon + 6 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannon + 6 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 200 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 1 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannon + 4 x M116A2 incendiary bombs
* 1 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannon + 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 1 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannon + 144 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 3 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannons (170 rpg = 510 total)
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has CCIP, which is rare for its battle rating
* It has rare features for SB at his BR, such as SAS and a modern HUD with sight customization

'''Cons:'''

* Does not have access to countermeasures
* No RWR or radar
* No guided weapons or air-to-air missiles

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== [[wt:en/news/8790-development-alpha-jet-a-e-alpha-strike-en|Devblog]] ===
By 1969, both Germany and France had a need for a new generation of jet trainer aircraft to replace their existing inventory of T-33 and Fouga Magister aircraft. It was decided that a collaboration between Dornier and Dassault-Breguet, with the latter first being two separate companies who later merged, had the best potential for a joint TA (Trainer Attack) aircraft over other competing manufacturers and won out the contest with the TA501.

This aircraft was to satisfy the Luftwaffe’s need to also replace their G.91 aircraft in the attack role, while the Armée de l'Air’s needs were mostly on the training gap that the Anglo-French Jaguar was initially intended to cover, but ended up being a more advanced supersonic conversion / strike aircraft. As such, two distinct versions of what would be the Alpha Jet were formed. The A - Appui / Attack and the E - Ecole / Trainer versions. These would be produced in sub assemblies in Germany, France and also Belgium.

The first prototype would take to the skies in October 1973 and after many more years of testing and trials, the Alpha Jet would enter French and German service in 1979, going on to be a success story of collaboration between nations. While it still serves to this day with France, the aircraft has also been a huge export success, with multiple nations from Belgium, Portugal and Thailand operating the type, as well as it also being popular with private company operators who use them as aggressor training aircraft in the UK, America and Canada.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=alpha_jet_e Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Alpha Jet (Family)]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8790-development-alpha-jet-a-e-alpha-strike-en|[Devblog] Alpha Jet A & E: Alpha Strike!]]

{{AirManufacturer Dassault}}
{{France jet aircraft}}

AV-8B Plus (Italy)

2024-07-10T14:52:13Z

U31139476: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Harrier (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=av_8b_plus_italy
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

In 1989, Italy's ban on using fixed-wing aircraft in naval aviation was finally lifted and, without missing a beat, Italy signed a contract the following year for the purchase of 14 AV-8B+ VTOL fighters and 2 TAV-8B trainers for usage aboard their ''Giuseppe Garibaldi''-class aircraft carrier. The Harrier IIs would form the backbone of Italian naval aviation in the modern era, being modernized for operations aboard the new ''Cavour''-class carrier and soon the upcoming ''Trieste'' carrier, where they will be supplemented in the VTOL strike role by F-35B Lightning II fighters.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', introduced in [[Update "Sons of Attila"]], is a modernized version of the venerable [[AV-8A|AV-8 Harrier]], bringing it up to 4th generation fighter standards. The upgrades applied allow this aircraft to not only carry a plethora of new guided ordnance, targeting systems, protective measures, and advanced air-to-air missiles, but also the airframe itself was heavily upgraded over previous AV-8s, with a more powerful engine and large leading edge extensions, allowing the Harrier II to manoeuvre swiftly in ways its predecessors could only imagine.

The AV-8B+ is an incredible all-rounder for the high ranks of Italy, proving to be a decent support fighter in dedicated air battles, but where it truly shines in mixed battles: With the capability to bring up to 10 x laser guided [[GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|GBU-12]] bombs, in addition to a LITENING II thermal pod, a [[GAU-12/U (25 mm)|GAU-12/U]] rotary cannon, and two [[AIM-9M Sidewinder|AIM-9Ms]] for self-defence, the AV-8B+ can absolutely decimate ground forces when left unchecked in the airspace above a ground battle. Other ordnance options on the AV-8B+ include up to four [[AGM-65D|AGM-65D Mavericks]] or the larger [[GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|GBU-16]] laser guided bombs, or a wide array of various unguided bombs and rockets to choose from. The aircraft also presents itself with many tricks up its sleeve due to being a VTOL: In air engagements, the act of "VIFF"ing, or "Vector In Forward Flight" allows the Harrier II to quickly force an opponent to overshoot while also tightening its own turning circle through the use of VTOL thrust vectoring. In ground battles, while a risky manoeuvre with a lot of preparation required, it is possible to use the AV-8B+ similarly to a helicopter: by hovering behind terrain cover and only popping out occasionally to launch a fire-and-forget AGM-65D Maverick missile at unsuspecting tanks.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,126 || 1,119 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 30.9 || 31.6 || 82.7 || 82.7 || rowspan="2" | 550
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,143 || 1,134 || 30.1 || 30.5 || 123.1 || 102.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,137  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce F402-RR-408 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,679 kg || colspan="3" | 472 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 13m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel
|-
| 1,796 kg || colspan="2" | Vectored-thrust low-bypass turbofan
| 7,735 kg || 8,215 kg || 8,984 kg || 10,199 kg || 13,007 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 13m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 10,024 kgf || 10,840 kgf
| 1.40 || 1.32 || 1.21 || 1.06 || 0.83
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 10,024 kgf<br>(0 km/h) || 10,840 kgf<br>(0 km/h)
| 1.40 || 1.32 || 1.21 || 1.06 || 0.83
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 180 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="5%" | 1 !! width="5%" | 2 !! width="5%" | 3 !! width="5%" | 4 !! width="5%" | 5 !! width="5%" | 6 !! width="5%" | 7 !! width="5%" | 8
| rowspan="18" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[GAU-12/U (25 mm)|25 mm GAU-12/U]] cannons (300 rpg)
| || || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 81 (250 lb)|250 lb LDGP Mk 81]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 81 Snakeye (250 lb)|250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| 1 || 3 || 3 || 2 || || 3 || 3 || 1
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 2 || || || 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 2* || 3* || || || 3* || 2* ||
|-
! [[GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 1* || 1* || || || 1* || 1* ||
|-
! [[Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary]] bombs
| 1 || 2 || 2 || || || 2 || 2 || 1
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| || 38 || 57 || || || 57 || 38 ||
|-
! [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP]] rockets
| || 8 || 12 || || || 12 || 8 ||
|-
! [[AGM-65D]] missiles
| || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[AGM-65G]] missiles
| || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9M Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || || || || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[AIM-120A]] missiles
| || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! LITENING II targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || || ||
|-
| colspan="10" | * The LITENING II pod must be equipped when carrying guided bombs
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 1 x 25 mm GAU-12/U cannon (300 rpg)
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9M Sidewinder missiles
* 190 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 40 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 16 x 250 lb LDGP Mk 81 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 16 x 250 lb Mk 81 Snakeye bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 16 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 16 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 10 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (2,770 kg total)
* 4 x 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs (4,368 lb total)
* 4 x AGM-65D missiles
* 10 x Mk 77 mod 4 incendiary bombs
* 4 x AGM-65G missiles
* 4 x AIM-120A missiles
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great payload options, access to a very diverse range of ground attack ordnance which include laser-guided bombs and missiles, including long range AIM-120A Fox 3 missile
* Has access to VTOL, can be used to capture enemy points or even hide the aircraft when engaging enemies
* Can sustain long dogfights with its decent energy retention
* Has built-in target tracker and FLIR even without targeting pod
* Has Pilot NVD

'''Cons:'''

* Relatively slow top speed compared to other modern aircraft
* Need to be in a light configuration if you want to survive dogfights
* Not very armoured, can't handle being damaged unlike other aircraft

== History ==

The Italian's Harrier story begins on 1st February 1989. Due to post-war laws, Italy had very strict guidelines to follow when it came down to its own military forces, these laws would however change shortly after Italy would join NATO. Of these many laws, one would prohibit the Italian Navy from possessing heavily armed aircraft. As such, a new law would be passed known as the "La Legge N.36 del 1 febbraio del 1989 " or "Ali alla Marina" (wings to the Navy) which allowed the Italian Navy to equip itself with armed jets to not only bolster its forces, but mainly to guarantee the security of the Italian Navy and one of its flagships known as the Garibaldi. The Italian Navy was only looking for VTOL/STOL aircraft, so in turn it went for the Harrier, as it fit the role perfectly. Italy was always interested in the Harrier and had even designed a few VTOL/STOL designs of its own, one of the Harrier prototypes was also tested in Italy which likely further pushed the Italian Navy's interest in the platform. This aircraft has been seen being used in multiple countries. Users of the Harrier II include Spain, America and the UK under several different variants. BAE systems had acquired the right to further develop and build the AV-8A that the Americans were already using, so in turn BAE systems had improved it so much such as giving it a better engine. Along other upgrades and changes BAE systems had practically made a new machine which now went under the name of the AV-8B, and also went by the name of "Harrier II". It had access to the latest logistical equipment, and was able to partake in day/night operations.

Due to this, it was the perfect vehicle for the Italian Navy. In September 1990, Italy decided to join the "Plus" program, which aimed to equip the Harriers with radar suites, in which Spain and the US also joined. Italy had bought 18 of the AV-8B, and 2 of the TAV-8B Harrier IIs for training. The Italian government also struck a deal with the United States which allowed Italian Navy pilots to directly train with the Harrier and familiarize themselves with the platform in the US even before they were delivered to Italy. In February 1994, the first Harrier was delivered to the Italian Navy, and by November of that same year, 3 Harriers would call the Garibaldi their new home. Part of the acquisition also allowed Italy to modify their own Harriers (which Alenia would be in charge of). The weapon of choice for the Italian Harriers in terms of air-to-air combat would be the Hughes AIM-120B AMRAAM and the AIM-9L Sidewinder, which at the time were very modern missiles. Italy would also use upgraded variants of those 2 missiles as the years went on. Besides air combat, Italian Navy Harriers were surprisingly well-armed in their air-to-ground configuration, not even the Italian airforce AMX was as heavily armed as the Harrier was during its service. In terms of armament, its main cannon comprised of a GAU-12A 25 mm, something which was already in use with other aircraft of the era. Stand-off capability also included a wide range of laser-guided bombs such as the Paveway series, for anti-tank they had access to the AGM-65 Maverick in 2 different variants. Other optional equipment included unguided rockets and bombs, flare and chaff countermeasures, RWR, and ECM.

Italian Harriers participated in Operation "United Shield" in Somalia, performing multiple recon missions for the American Marines and the Italian "San Marco" regiment. They participated in "Operazione alba neo" in Albania, and had to scramble and intercept multiple jets daily, and in Enduring Freedom where they racked up more than 800 flight hours in combat missions. They also took part with Allied Forces in Kosovo, Operazione Leonte in Lebanon where it was mainly used for monitoring airspace. One of the times it was used as a ground strike aircraft would be in Libya during Operation Unified Protector, and managed to rack up to 1,040 flight hours. Overall, Italian Harriers proved to be a more than useful platform for the Italian Navy, they are soon to be phased out as the Italian Navy begins to put into service their new F-35s.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=av_8b_plus_italy Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Harrier (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* https://www.seaforces.org/marint/Italian-Navy/Aviation/AV-8B-Harrier.htm
* https://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/mezzi/forze-aeree/Pagine/av8b.aspx

{{AirManufacturer McDonnell}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

UH-1 (Family)

2024-07-08T14:57:24Z

U31139476: /* Vehicles */

==Description==
The '''Bell UH-1 ''Iroquois''''' (nicknamed "Huey") is a utility military helicopter powered by a single turboshaft engine, with two-bladed main and tail rotors.

The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962.

Other designations:

Italian licence-built and modified versions

* AB-204 - UH-1B
* AB-205 - UH-1H
* AB-212 - UH-1N
{{Navigation-Start|UH-1 Nicknames}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''▃ Official'''}}Iroquois{{-}}Twin Huey <small>(UH-1N)</small>{{-}}Venom <small>(UH-1Y)</small>
{{Navigation-Line|'''▅ Official'''}}{{Annotation|Hiyodori|Bulbul, ひよどり}}
{{Navigation-First-Line|'''▃ Pilots'''}}Huey
{{Navigation-Line|'''▅ Pilots'''}}{{Annotation|Yūwan|'Uh-1', ユーワン}}{{-}}{{Annotation|Wanbī|'One-B', ワンビー}}
<small>(UH-1B)</small>{{-}}{{Annotation|Wan'eichi|'One-H', ワンエイチ}} <small>(UH-1H)</small>{{-}}{{Annotation|Wanjei|'One-J', ワンジェイ}} <small>(UH-1J)</small>
{{Navigation-End}}

==Vehicles==
===Rank V===

* [[UH-1B]]
* ▅[[UH-1B (Japan)]] - <small>Japanese licence-built variant under [[Template:AirManufacturer Fuji|Fuji]]</small>
* [[UH-1C]]
* [[UH-1C XM-30]]
* ▀[[UH-1D (Germany)]] - <small>German licence-built variant under [[Template:AirManufacturer Dornier|Dornier]]</small>
* [[HKP3C]] - <small>Swedish variant based off the Agusta-Bell 204</small>
* ▄[[AB 205 A-1]] - <small>Agusta-Bell 205; based and modified of the UH-1H</small>

== Media ==


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Y45QJfBMZ70|'''Bell UH-1: American Gunship''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* [[AH-1 (Family)]]

{{AirManufacturer Bell}}
{{AirManufacturer Agusta}}
{{AirManufacturer Fuji}}
{{AirManufacturer Dornier}}
[[Category:Family pages]]

J-8F

2024-06-28T16:45:44Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Chinese jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = J-8B
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=j_8f
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (Chinese: 歼-8F型歼击机; unified NATO codename: Finback 长须鲸) was the final combat variant of the J-8 series interceptors, built by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC, 沈飞) from remaining J-8II airframes or by upgrading previous J-8Ds in the mid-2000s. The project traces back to the J-8C (or J-8III) project for domestic avionic upgrades for J-8II: although the unreliable WP-14 engine ruined the whole project, the radar systems were tested rather successfully and marked the completion of a domestic pulse-Doppler radar. By the end of the 20th century, the plans for Project 12 (PL-12) were also on schedule for domestic ARH AAM. Thus the placeholder aircraft, J-8H, with a new radar joined the PLAAF with PL-11 SARH, while the J-8F with a modified radar based on the former radar new NATO-equivalent FCS main bus and access to ARH AAM were finalised by 2005 and became a cornerstone of the PLAAF until new interceptors replaced them from June 2022.

Introduced in [[Update "La Royale"]], the J-8F is the first domestic Chinese jet with a pulse-Doppler-capable radar, featuring powerful PL-8 and PL-12 AAMs and the ability to mount missiles on all wing pylons. The jet is also upgraded with new engines with higher thrust, new all- RWR systems and the J-8II's signature differential elevators for better roll rate.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The J-8F, like any other variant of the J-8 series, can be summarized as "Fishbed on Steroids" where the original design of J-8 series were based on simply putting 2 engines onto an enlarged MiG-21-like airframe. While the J-8F retained the signature delta wing, differential elevators and side intakes from the II series, for better flight performance, the jet is equipped with two new engines with higher thrust and additional pair of wing fence by the outboard of the wings, as well as new RWR systems for better situational awareness. The overall performance is better than its predecessor, the [[J-8B]], in most aspects. Players who have already researched the former would get on hand with the new jet fairly quickly thanks to its identical, if not better manoeuvrability for such a huge jet thanks to its antique yet advanced internal components. It still cannot outturn MiG-29 or F-14s in any cases, but the delta wings will still keep the J-8F in a reasonable turn rate while the engines can ensure prolonged (albeit not suggested) dogfights with even earlier jets that are lighter.

The probability of being hit is proportional to the plane's overall size: this is especially true since the J-8II series have been the longest jets in game (at a whopping 21.93 m, at least 2 m longer than the F-14 series). Its delta wing will bleed the speed at fast rate during high AoA manoeuvres. Be extra careful on when to enter the battlefield and scatter enemy jet formations using its high speed, then turn back to the main battlefield for opportunities to take out lonely enemies or those who are careless about the situation; they will meet a swift end if the high-performance missiles guided by HMD hit them.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at 12,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,227 || 2,192 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 27.6 || 28.3 || 181.9 || 173.2 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,372 || 2,300 || 26.4 || 27.0 || 262.0 || 220.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,365  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || 525 || 450 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 600 || < 900 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Shenyang Liming WP-13B-II || 2
| colspan="2" | 9,977 kg || colspan="2" | 340 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel
|-
| 1,170 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 11,273 kg || 12,972 kg || 14,297 kg || 16,745 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,743 kgf || 6,967 kgf
| 1.24 || 1.07 || 0.97 || 0.80
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,812 kgf<br>(1,365 km/h) || 8,003 kgf<br>(1,200 km/h)
| 1.42 || 1.23 || 1.12 || 0.92
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

Like most jets of its era, the J-8F still retained certain degree of extra protection due to its late introduction in the early 2000s on a rather obsolete airframe. Meanwhile, some standard equipment like self-sealing tanks and bulletproof glass are still present.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 23-3 (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 23 mm Type 23-3 cannon, belly-mounted (200 rpg)
* 84 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6 !! width="6%" | 7
| rowspan="11" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_J-8B.png]]</div>
|-
! [[250-3 (250 kg)|250 kg 250-3]] bombs
| || 1 || || 6 || || 1 ||
|-
! [[250-4 (250 kg)|250 kg 250-4]] bombs
| || 1 || || 6 || || 1 ||
|-
! [[500-3 (500 kg)|500 kg 500-3]] bombs
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[500-4 (500 kg)|500 kg 500-4]] bombs
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[Type 90-1]] rockets
| 7 || 7 || || || || 7 || 7
|-
! [[PL-5B]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[PL-8]] missiles
| 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[PL-12]] missiles
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! 800 l drop tanks
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! 1,400 l drop tanks
| || || || 1 || || ||
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 800 l drop tanks + 1 x 1,400 l drop tank
* 2 x PL-5B missiles
* 6 x PL-5B missiles
* 6 x PL-8 missiles
* 2 x PL-12 missiles
* 8 x 250 kg 250-3 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 8 x 250 kg 250-4 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg 500-3 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg 500-4 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 28 x Type 90-1 rockets
{{Navigation-End}}

For players who are very familiar with the loadouts on the J-8B, most of the available weapons are identical on both jets, with the PL-8 (licensed Rafael Python-3) and PL-12. The PL-8 is a game-changer for the J-8F; with not only the best all-aspect locking range among NATO equivalents, the J-8F is also equipped with HMD for off-bore launches. A full loadout of 6 x PL-8 can be a nightmare for the enemy team if utilized carefully. The old faithful PL-5B still serves as its stock missiles - although it might be somewhat obsolete at the BR, launches on careless targets can still earn some quick victories. The PL-12 now turns the jet into a supersonic missile train with capabilities to finish off enemy jets at very long range (or, BVR range) but with only 2 missiles per flight; so be familiar to the performance of missile to maximize the overall efficiency.

The ground-attack loadout is totally identical to the J-8B though, with varieties of bombs and rockets at its disposal. Although neither the calibre nor explosive content of the Type 90-1 HEAT rocket is effective for hunting enemy MBTs even with a precise hit, they can still serve as an extra card on hand alongside the -3 series low drag GP bombs or -4 series drag chute retarded bombs. The bombs will certainly be more effective against more valuable targets such as MBTs, while saving rockets for vulnerable SPAA systems and light tanks.

== Usage in battles ==

Like its predecessors, the J-8F is designed to be a high-altitude interceptor that utilize ranges of missiles, especially radar-guided missiles; but due to avionic changes on J-8F eliminated the possibilities for PL-11 instead can use the PL-12. The loadout of full-IR AAMs or mix of PL-12 and IR AAMs turn J-8F into what can be said as "old but not obsolete" while retaining the overall manoeuvrability which surprisingly good for such a huge jet and retained the similar flight envelope of the late MiG-21 series (MF or bis). Considering for the abundance of ARH AAM at top tier, players will need to employ tactics to end the service of enemy jets as much as possible for the final victory of friendly team.

==== Air Battles: The High-Speed Missile Train ====
The sheer size of the jet and its NATO codename of "Finback" could be a problem when there are enemies behind the J-8F's tail. Due to the availability of only IR AAMs, instead of being an interceptor and hunt down high-flyers, doing the opposite, i.e rushing into chaotic battlefield and taking out enemy jets is a viable option as preceded from J-8B. Having an AN/APG-66V equivalent radar is a major plus for the jet since it has in fact better radar than the later tech-tree jet, [[J-11]] and [[J-11A]]. A spade on its hand is a HMD fused with the technology from Russia and Israel. Not only it now enables off-bore lock-on to enemy jets, it also has a rather long acquisition range at whopping 5 km. The old friend PL-5B and newcomer PL-8 are the only available missiles for the jet. Even at this tier, the PL-5B still retains its immersive thrust that can take out enemy jets at around 4 km away while having 30 G overload, it is especially dangerous for careless jets which have no situational awareness for the incoming missile; HMD further enhance its acquisition at rear-aspects and making the J-8F able to fire with more flexibility upon enemy targets. While the PL-8 finally enables all-aspect lock on to enemy jets for PLAAF jets, not only it has the most immersive thrust among all NATO/US-allied countries IR AAMs, it also has unprecedented overload at 40 G which is more than enough to do all-aspect launches from unexpected angles at Mach 3.5 max speed thanks to the HMD. There are even occasions where low to high launches with more than 3 km altitude differences can hit targets at 5 km away, given the target didn't manoeuvre. With all 6 pylons available for IR missiles, scoring victories will not be a problem when picking the targets carefully i.e. those not using cycle salvos for flares or those already engaged in heated battles. In case players have researched PL-12 for J-8F, this turn the jet into an easily-underestimated target to begin with, thanks to the more advanced domestic avionics, if players considered well for an assault on enemy jet formation, even just two PL-12s can cause major havoc to enemy team, either by disabling them at once or by deterring them from vantage positions. Another note is that the J-8II series since the J-8D comes with a KJ8602 RWR with all-aspect detection, making players easier to identify threats without having to guess the exact direction.

Alternatively, some players will make use of its high payload to make extra profit against enemy fortifications or bases; eight 250 kg bombs are just enough to destroy a top-tier base with a single run. Just make sure to avoid any enemy jets which are eager to hunt down players who wanted to ruin their bases.

If players used up all their payloads, the remaining option is the Type 23-3 autocannon. While its technological predecessor, GSh-23L is infamous for its rather curved ballistics due to its low muzzle velocity, thanks to the Type 1492 PD radar and new HUD, the jet now enjoys ballistic computer for the gun as well and easier to land shots on enemy jets. While traditional, unassisted aiming is still viable to experienced players, be sure to compensate for the ballistics with more AoA. Most of all, the J-8F is always an interceptor; only use its sufficient manoeuvrability in dire situation or 1-vs-1 dogfights, as the delta wing design is a double-edge sword for the jet.

==== Ground Battles: The "JH-8" ====
A little fact to the J-8II series: there were competitions for the new PLAAF strike aircraft in the 1980. While XAC's JH-7 Flying Leopard (Feibao 飞豹; NATO codename Flounder) won the competition, one of the failed options was SAC's JH-8 based on J-8II (the other one was NAMC's Q-6). And in fact J-8II does have sufficient air to ground payload (albeit no guided munition for these operations); there are options to take a mix of 250 kg bombs for multiple targets or 500 kg bombs for higher chance for a knock-out. Since the J-8F could fly at more than 1,300 km/h at sea level, chances are players have to consider which type of bomb to take. The -3 series are low-drag GP bombs while the -4 are drag-chute retard bombs; due to the lack of CCRP function, players have to either fly high and dive on enemies when taking the -3 series (very risky when any enemy SPAA, especially [[Pantsir-S1]], is online) or flying at top speed at very low-altitude to avoid any radar detection; be sure to plan ahead for the assault for maximum efficiency. Alternatively, some players would still take Type 90-1 rockets to take down light vehicles or SPAA systems with the help of the ballistic computer; bringing a mix of rockets, bombs or even IR AAMs can turn J-8F into its prospected usage as a fighter-bomber and enemy vehicles will be troubled by the "JH-8".

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Rather high overall engine thrust
* Advanced avionics
** First PLAAF jet to equip domestic PD radar with sufficient detection range
** HMD for off-bore launches, especially for all-aspect IR AAM
** All-aspect KJ8602 RWR, unlike Warsaw Pact SPO-15 with limited all-aspect capabilities
* 6 powerful PL-8s with very long lock-on range and high overload
* Sufficient payload for occasional ground-attack operations
* Retained the same, if not better manoeuvrability from J-8B
* High top speed
* First-stage afterburner is surprisingly efficient, providing relatively high thrust for minimal fuel consumption

'''Cons:'''

* Limited dogfight capabilities due to its obsolete airframe
* Relatively small ammo pool
* Delta wing design and its size cause severe speed bleeding in manoeuvres
* Any damage to the tail or rear of the airframe, especially the elevators, can result in the aircraft being very difficult to control or completely disabled

== History ==

==== J-8C, the Ancestor ====
By 1986, there were plans to upgrade the already obsolete J-8II with completely new domestic avionics, in parallel to the Sino-American Peace Pearl (和平珍珠) program in 1984 to upgrade the jet with US/NATO avionics during the better days of Sino-American relationship. Soon after 1989's national-wide riots and the subsequent crackdown in the capital city of Beijing, although Grumman could still continue the project with SAC, due to the rise of budgets and difficulties to purchase NATO avionics after sanctions, the Peace Pearl was eventually cancelled. While the new variant, known as J-8C or J-8III was added to the schedule as Chairman Jiang Zemin (江泽民; 1927/8/17-2022/11/30) approved for the development of the 争气机 (lit. The Good-Show Jet; note: the term 争气 means to earn credits in terms of honour) at 1990/10/31 as the domestic alternatives to the Project 10 (J-10) and Su-27SK Flanker-B. There are two major features of the J-8C: Shenyang Liming WP-14 Kunlun turbojet engine and NRIET Type 1471 PD radar; although early test flights with the modified J-8II prototype airframes were like sailing on fair sea, the crash of two prototypes (one due to ATC miscommunication; one due to onboard fire) were already more than enough to give a death sentence to the project. After the successful test flights of the J-10, and an increase in the fleet of Flankers both from KnAAZ and SAC's J-11A, the project was eventually ditched by 2001. While the Kunlun bit the dust, the Type 1471 radar proved to be rather successful and set the cornerstone for future domestic radars. This was where the story J-8F begun.

==== Hotel and Foxtrot ====
By the time the J-8C was still under test flights, the other variant, the J-8D with aerial refuel capabilities took off to the skies by the end of 1991 and the plans to utilize the unused airframes started as well to further enhance to combat capabilities of J-8II. A well-known flaw of the J-8B was the rather inferior Changhong Type 208A radar that wasted many imported Aspide-1A (known as A弹 [A-missile] in PLAAF); the upgrade plans included a new PD radar for the SARH missiles and new WP-13B engines. The green lights were given in December 1999 and test flights done in the 2000s also make the new J-8H as the very first operational domestic jet with LD/SD capabilities, as well as PD (NRIET Type 1491) radar.

But before the test flights of the J-8H, the Air-to-Air Missile Research Institute (空空导弹研究院) also started the "Project 12" (12号工程) of what will be known as the PL-12 in the future; the radar needed to be able to guide PL-12 and TWS capabilities to hit 2 targets. Thus the J-8F planned for another new radar and WP-13B-II engines started its journey in 1998 and tested alongside with J-8H in 2000. Both J-8H and F featured the 149x series PD radar, black radome with lightning strip diverters, KJ8602 RWR from J-8D, as well as new pair of wing fence on the outboard of wings; the only visual difference for these two jets without any payload is a notch by the right side of the radome that indicated the installation of NRIET Type 1492 radar). Since the doctrine of PLAAF changed vastly and with the success of the PL-12, the J-8F became the final standardized version of the J-8 series and joined the PLAAF since 2002, serving as the trio of frontline fighters alongside with J-10s and Flankers. The J-8F was also the basis of the J-8FR (歼侦-8F) with recon pod replacing the autocannon (it was proposed to install WP-14 but later reverted to WP-13B-II for reliability).

As the production of new 4th generation fighters are in steady pace, all the frontline, combat-capable J-8II started to be phrased-out from the mid-2010s and the last division replaced their J-8F with undisclosed jets by June 2022, leaving the 36 J-8FR (24 for PLAAF and 12 for PLANAF) the only J-8 series aircraft still in service; thanks to its impressive climb rate and speed which are essential for recon flights.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=j_8f Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|p_25MEJkZQc|'''The Shooting Range #364''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


* [[J-8B]] - J-8II Block 2 with monopulse radar and lesser missile payload

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8271-development-j-8f-jet-fighter-and-future-plans-on-the-bvraams-en|[Devblog] J-8F jet fighter and future plans on the BVRAAMs]]

{{AirManufacturer Shenyang}}
{{China jet aircraft}}

AMX A-1A

2024-06-27T13:09:39Z

U31139476: /* Pros and cons */

{{About
| about = Brazilian jet fighter-bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = AMX (Family)
}}

{{Specs-Card
|code=amx_a_1a_brazil
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=13465
}}

== Description ==

The Brazilian Air Force (FAB) needed a replacement for the obsolete AT-26 Xavante light attack and training aircraft, in 1981, after extensive negotiations between the countries, the Brazilian company Embraer was invited to take part in the Italian project of the AMX, resulting in the AMX-International consortium. The project was split into three companies, and each one of the companies was responsible for specific parts of the aircraft: 46.7% for Aeritalia (including the central fuselage), 23.6% for Aermacchi (which included the front fuselage) and 29.7% for Embraer (including the wings, landing gear and disposable fuel tanks), the AMX first flight was in 15 may 1984 of the first prototype, the Brazilians at didn't decide the 20mm minigun instead they put two 30mm DEFAs as primary armament, the AMX entered in service with FAB in 1989, in 2013 these were upgraded to the A-1M Standard almost the same version of the Italian AMX A-11A ACOL.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' introduced in [[Update "Seek & Destroy"|"Seek & Destroy" Update]], is a Premium gift ([https://store.gaijin.net/story.php?title=AMX-1-Pack Pack]), this is the 2013 Version not upgraded to the A-1M standard, so basically the Early variant, compared to the Italian [[AMX|A-11A]] have different armaments as primary with two powerful 30mm DEFAs, as air-to-air missile has the MAA-1 Piranha and the other kind of rockets and bombs, the AMX A-1A is a perfect vehicle for CAS in ground RB with his guided bombs, can make easy work of enemy tanks

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,180  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 850 || 793 || 500 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 650 || < 650 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Spey 807 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,807 kg || colspan="3" | 417 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 1,856 kg || colspan="2" | Low-bypass turbofan
| 7,644 kg || 8,447 kg || 9,269 kg || 9,597 kg || 13,477 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,719 kgf || -
| 0.62 || 0.56 || 0.51 || 0.49 || 0.35
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,120 kgf<br>(1,000 - 1,180 km/h) || -
| 0.67 || 0.61 || 0.55 || 0.53 || 0.38
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 554 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 554 cannons, nose-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 120 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="8%" | 1 !! width="8%" | 2 !! width="8%" | 3 !! width="8%" | 4 !! width="8%" | 5 !! width="8%" | 6 !! width="8%" | 7
| rowspan="16" width="25%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_AMX.png]]</div>
|-
! [[BAFG-230 (230 kg)|230 kg BAFG-230]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BFA-230/2 (230 kg)|230 kg BFA-230/2]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BAFG-460 (460 kg)|460 kg BAFG-460]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BFA-460/2 (460 kg)|460 kg BFA-460/2]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BAFG-920 (920 kg)|920 kg BAFG-920]] bombs
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BA-FG-230-Lizard-2|BA-FG-230-Lizard-2]] bombs
| || 1* || 1, 2 * || || 1, 2 * || 1* ||
|-
! [[BINC-300 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Skyfire-70 AC/AP]] rockets
| || 7, 19 || 7, 14, 19, 38 || || 7, 14, 19, 38 || 7, 19 ||
|-
! [[MAA-1 Piranha]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! LITENING II targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || ||
|-
! 580 l drop tanks
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
| colspan="8" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,500 kg
|-
| colspan="9" | * LITENING pod must be equipped when equipping guided bombs
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 580 l drop tanks
* 2 x MAA-1 Piranha missiles
* 42 x Skyfire-70 AC/AP rockets
* 114 x Skyfire-70 AC/AP rockets
* 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 8 x 230 kg BAFG-230 bombs (1,840 kg total)
* 6 x 460 kg BAFG-460 bombs (2,760 kg total)
* 8 x 230 kg BFA-230/2 bombs (1,840 kg total)
* 6 x 460 kg BFA-460/2 bombs (2,760 kg total)
* 3 x 920 kg BAFG-920 bombs (2,760 kg total)
* 6 x BA-FG-230-Lizard-2 bombs (3,043 lb total)
* 8 x BINC-300 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Powerful anti-air missile MAA-1
* Guided bombs
* Powerful 30mm DEFAs

*

'''Cons:'''

* No Afterburner
* No Supersonic
* Can rip the wings when having too much G-overload during a turn

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== [[wt:en/news/8922-development-pre-order-amx-a-1a-en|Devblog]] ===
During the late 1970s, the Italian Air Force specified a set of requirements for a new aircraft to replace the outdated G.91 and F-104 in their respective roles of ground attack and aerial reconnaissance. Aeritalia and Aermacchi entered a joint venture to develop the new aircraft, with work on the project commencing in 1978. By 1980, Brazil was also looking into modernizing their strike aircraft fleet and thus expressed interest in joining the development of the new aircraft. After agreeing on the requirements in 1981, Embraer joined the consortium, subsequently named AMX International.

Focusing on designing a light and cost-efficient strike aircraft, development of the new aircraft progressed quickly. The first prototype of the aircraft flew in 1984 and following a successful test period, the AMX entered production in 1988. Due to the shared development effort, the Italian and Brazilian variants of the aircraft only differ in minor aspects. After entering service, Italian AMX aircraft participated in operations during the Balkan Wars of the 1990s and Libya in 2011 where the type distinguished itself in combat. The AMX is still in active service Brazilian air forces to this day, while in Italy they were just retired in 2024.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

* [[AMX]]
* [[DEFA 554 (30 mm)]]
* [[Close Air Support|CAS]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8922-development-pre-order-amx-a-1a-en|[Devblog] Pre-order: AMX A-1A]]

{{AirManufacturer AMX International}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}
{{Italy premium aircraft}}

DEFA 554 (30 mm)

2024-06-27T13:07:42Z

U31139476: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|mirage_2000c_s4}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_2000c_s5}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_2000d_r1}} (Suspended)
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_2000_5f}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_4000}}
* [[AMX A-1A]]

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

DEFA 554 (30 mm)

2024-06-27T13:07:21Z

U31139476: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|mirage_2000c_s4}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_2000c_s5}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_2000d_r1}} (Suspended)
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_2000_5f}}
* {{Specs-Link|mirage_4000}}
* {{Specs-Link|AMX_A-1A}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the weapon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

AMX

2024-06-27T13:06:24Z

U31139476:

{{About
| about = Italian '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other variants
| link = AMX (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=amx
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''AMX International AMX''', known in Italian service as '''A-11 ''Ghibli''''', is a joint venture between Alenia and Aermacchi of Italy, and EMBRAER of Brazil. Italy initiated a requirement for a new aircraft to replace the Fiat [[G.91 Y]]'s that were in service, while Brazil joined the venture primarily to replace an Italian aircraft in their service, the Aermacchi MB-326. After several prototypes, the AMX was adopted into service by the air forces of both Italy and Brazil. Initially, the primary variant in service was the A-11A, with the AMX-T serving as the dual-seater trainer variant. The AMX served for many decades and demonstrated its worth in multiple deployments. The variant featured in the game is the A-11B / AMX ACOL. The AMX ACOL was a further upgrade which outfitted 55 AMX-11A aircraft with new avionics. These enhancements included the addition of an INS/GPS navigation system, new communication systems, IFF, and new HUD displays. The most significant addition to the upgrade was the capability to deploy smart munitions, such as JDAM bombs, which later played an essential role in its deployment in Afghanistan.

It was introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]]. As a subsonic strike aircraft, it will fly similarly to other planes in its role, such as the [[A-10A|A-10]], [[Su-25 (Family)|Su-25]], [[Harrier (Family)|Harrier]], and, most notably, the [[A-6E TRAM]]. While it is capable of carrying up to two AIM-9Ls and comes equipped with internal countermeasures, it can also be used, though not intended, in an air-to-air role. This is preferably done when the pylons aren't loaded with ordnance, as it significantly affects the plane's performance. When utilized for its intended role, the AMX can carry up to six GBU Paveway II guided bombs or eight "dumb" unguided bombs. These capabilities can be devastating for enemy ground forces while showcasing the AMX's value as a formidable Close Air Support plane for allied forces.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,140 || 1,132 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.7 || 32.9 || 76.2 || 67.5 || rowspan="2" | 1,000
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,180  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 850 || 793 || 500 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 650 || < 650 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Spey 807 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,807 kg || colspan="3" | 417 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 1,856 kg || colspan="2" | Low-bypass turbofan
| 7,644 kg || 8,447 kg || 9,269 kg || 9,597 kg || 13,550 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,719 kgf || -
| 0.62 || 0.56 || 0.51 || 0.49 || 0.35
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,120 kgf<br>(1,000 - 1,180 km/h) || -
| 0.67 || 0.61 || 0.55 || 0.53 || 0.38
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M61A1 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon, chin-mounted (400 rpg)
* 120 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6 !! width="6%" | 7
| rowspan="14" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[GBU-12 Paveway II (277 kg)|277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 1* || 1, 2 * || || 1, 2 * || 1* ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[GBU-16 Paveway II (1,092 lb)|1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II]] bombs
| || 1* || 1* || || 1* || 1* ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[GBU-24 Paveway III (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III]] bombs
| || || 1* || || 1* || ||
|-
! [[BLU-1 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[ARF/8M3(AP-AT)]] rockets
| || 25 || 25, 50 || || 25, 50 || 25 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! CLDP targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || ||
|-
! 580 l drop tanks
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
| colspan="8" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,500 kg
|-
| colspan="9" | * CLDP pod must be equipped when equipping guided bombs
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 580 l drop tanks
* 2 x AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles
* 150 x ARF/8M3(AP-AT) rockets
* 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 3 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 6 x 277 kg GBU-12 Paveway II bombs (1,662 kg total)
* 4 x 1,092 lb GBU-16 Paveway II bombs (4,368 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb GBU-24 Paveway III bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 5 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great payload options
** GBUs and thermals provide strong and accurate ground strike options for Ground Battles
* Internal mounted countermeasures
* Relatively nimble for a strike aircraft
* AIM-9Ls are potent in a downtier
** Gun radar can be used to detect enemies or slave your AIM-9Ls

'''Cons:'''

* Rather limited ammo for Vulcan standards
* Slow acceleration at lower speeds, struggles with larger payloads
* Subsonic speed
** Bleeds most of its energy in dogfights quickly, poor acceleration means you will almost always be on the defensive
* Once your AIM-9Ls are expended you are mostly helpless

== History ==

The story of AMX International began with a joint cooperation between Alenia-Aermacchi of Italy and EMBRAER of Brazil. The project emerged from the need to find a suitable replacement for the [[G.91 Y]] and to assume its role as a ground attacker. The [[G.91 Y]] was becoming outdated and unreliable, prompting the search for a more modern aircraft. Italy also sought an advanced multi-role platform with reconnaissance capabilities. Brazil joined the collaboration to replace the outdated Aermacchi MB-326, which was not adapted for modern warfare.

After several years of development, setbacks in the form of accidents, and prototype testing, the A-11 officially entered service in Italy by 1989. One of its main advantages as a fighter and attack aircraft is its significantly lower costs compared to its competitors. The A-11s are equipped with a variant of the EL/M-20001B radar, manufactured by Fiar in Italy and designed by Elta in Israel.

The A-11A has an extensive service record, thanks to its versatile armament options, including AIM-9L infrared-guided Sidewinder air-to-air missiles, as well as various bombs, rockets, and {{Annotation|PGM|Precision-Guided Munitions}}s. The Italian version features a 20 mm M61A1 Vulcan cannon, while the Brazilian version uses 30 mm Defa cannons due to a U.S. veto on the M61A1 cannon for Brazil.

For defence, the AMX is equipped with an active and passive electronic countermeasures system supplied by Elettronica, with the {{Annotation|RWR|Radar Warning Receiver}} mounted inside the tail fin. In terms of performance, the A-11 can reach speeds of 1053 km/h, thanks to the Rolls-Royce Spey 807 turbofan engine, providing a range of 889 km. Its rate of climb and service ceiling are impressive for an aircraft of its type.

Later in its service life, the A-11 received an upgrade known as the A-11B / AMX ACOL ({{Annotation|Aggiornamento Capacità Operative e Logistiche; Update to Logistical and Operative Capabilities}}), a mid-life update aimed at enhancing logistical and operative capabilities. This update included new avionics, an INS/GPS navigation system, improved communications systems, {{Annotation|IFF|Identification Friend or Foe}}, and new HUD displays. The most significant addition was the ability to deploy smart munitions, such as JDAM bombs, allowing A-11s to provide better close air support in Afghanistan. The A-11B first flew in September 2005, with the first batch of upgraded aircraft delivered in March 2007. The A-11B remains in service and is likely to continue so for the foreseeable future.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=amx Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|5dWETK5VPHI|'''The Shooting Range #394''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[Alpha Jet (Family)]]
* [[Jaguar (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://www.leonardo.com/it/news-and-stories-detail/-/detail/amx-acol-the-ghibli-at-the-nation-s-service (IT) AMX "Ghibli"]
* [https://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/scienza-tecnologia/schede/3o210-00394/ (IT) AMX ACOL: il "Ghibli" al servizio del Paese]

{{AirManufacturer AMX International}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}

AMX A-1A

2024-06-27T12:59:43Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Brazilian jet fighter-bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = AMX (Family)
}}

{{Specs-Card
|code=amx_a_1a_brazil
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=13465
}}

== Description ==

The Brazilian Air Force (FAB) needed a replacement for the obsolete AT-26 Xavante light attack and training aircraft, in 1981, after extensive negotiations between the countries, the Brazilian company Embraer was invited to take part in the Italian project of the AMX, resulting in the AMX-International consortium. The project was split into three companies, and each one of the companies was responsible for specific parts of the aircraft: 46.7% for Aeritalia (including the central fuselage), 23.6% for Aermacchi (which included the front fuselage) and 29.7% for Embraer (including the wings, landing gear and disposable fuel tanks), the AMX first flight was in 15 may 1984 of the first prototype, the Brazilians at didn't decide the 20mm minigun instead they put two 30mm DEFAs as primary armament, the AMX entered in service with FAB in 1989, in 2013 these were upgraded to the A-1M Standard almost the same version of the Italian AMX A-11A ACOL.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' introduced in [[Update "Seek & Destroy"|"Seek & Destroy" Update]], is a Premium gift ([https://store.gaijin.net/story.php?title=AMX-1-Pack Pack]), this is the 2013 Version not upgraded to the A-1M standard, so basically the Early variant, compared to the Italian [[AMX|A-11A]] have different armaments as primary with two powerful 30mm DEFAs, as air-to-air missile has the MAA-1 Piranha and the other kind of rockets and bombs, the AMX A-1A is a perfect vehicle for CAS in ground RB with his guided bombs, can make easy work of enemy tanks

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,180  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 850 || 793 || 500 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 650 || < 650 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Spey 807 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,807 kg || colspan="3" | 417 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 1,856 kg || colspan="2" | Low-bypass turbofan
| 7,644 kg || 8,447 kg || 9,269 kg || 9,597 kg || 13,477 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,719 kgf || -
| 0.62 || 0.56 || 0.51 || 0.49 || 0.35
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,120 kgf<br>(1,000 - 1,180 km/h) || -
| 0.67 || 0.61 || 0.55 || 0.53 || 0.38
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 554 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 554 cannons, nose-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 120 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="8%" | 1 !! width="8%" | 2 !! width="8%" | 3 !! width="8%" | 4 !! width="8%" | 5 !! width="8%" | 6 !! width="8%" | 7
| rowspan="16" width="25%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_AMX.png]]</div>
|-
! [[BAFG-230 (230 kg)|230 kg BAFG-230]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BFA-230/2 (230 kg)|230 kg BFA-230/2]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BAFG-460 (460 kg)|460 kg BAFG-460]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BFA-460/2 (460 kg)|460 kg BFA-460/2]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BAFG-920 (920 kg)|920 kg BAFG-920]] bombs
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BA-FG-230-Lizard-2|BA-FG-230-Lizard-2]] bombs
| || 1* || 1, 2 * || || 1, 2 * || 1* ||
|-
! [[BINC-300 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Skyfire-70 AC/AP]] rockets
| || 7, 19 || 7, 14, 19, 38 || || 7, 14, 19, 38 || 7, 19 ||
|-
! [[MAA-1 Piranha]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! LITENING II targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || ||
|-
! 580 l drop tanks
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
| colspan="8" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,500 kg
|-
| colspan="9" | * LITENING pod must be equipped when equipping guided bombs
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 580 l drop tanks
* 2 x MAA-1 Piranha missiles
* 42 x Skyfire-70 AC/AP rockets
* 114 x Skyfire-70 AC/AP rockets
* 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 8 x 230 kg BAFG-230 bombs (1,840 kg total)
* 6 x 460 kg BAFG-460 bombs (2,760 kg total)
* 8 x 230 kg BFA-230/2 bombs (1,840 kg total)
* 6 x 460 kg BFA-460/2 bombs (2,760 kg total)
* 3 x 920 kg BAFG-920 bombs (2,760 kg total)
* 6 x BA-FG-230-Lizard-2 bombs (3,043 lb total)
* 8 x BINC-300 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== [[wt:en/news/8922-development-pre-order-amx-a-1a-en|Devblog]] ===
During the late 1970s, the Italian Air Force specified a set of requirements for a new aircraft to replace the outdated G.91 and F-104 in their respective roles of ground attack and aerial reconnaissance. Aeritalia and Aermacchi entered a joint venture to develop the new aircraft, with work on the project commencing in 1978. By 1980, Brazil was also looking into modernizing their strike aircraft fleet and thus expressed interest in joining the development of the new aircraft. After agreeing on the requirements in 1981, Embraer joined the consortium, subsequently named AMX International.

Focusing on designing a light and cost-efficient strike aircraft, development of the new aircraft progressed quickly. The first prototype of the aircraft flew in 1984 and following a successful test period, the AMX entered production in 1988. Due to the shared development effort, the Italian and Brazilian variants of the aircraft only differ in minor aspects. After entering service, Italian AMX aircraft participated in operations during the Balkan Wars of the 1990s and Libya in 2011 where the type distinguished itself in combat. The AMX is still in active service Brazilian air forces to this day, while in Italy they were just retired in 2024.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8922-development-pre-order-amx-a-1a-en|[Devblog] Pre-order: AMX A-1A]]

{{AirManufacturer AMX International}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}
{{Italy premium aircraft}}

AMX A-1A

2024-06-27T12:59:04Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Brazilian jet fighter-bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = AMX (Family)
}}

{{Specs-Card
|code=amx_a_1a_brazil
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=13465
}}

== Description ==

The Brazilian Air Force (FAB) needed a replacement for the obsolete AT-26 Xavante light attack and training aircraft, in 1981, after extensive negotiations between the countries, the Brazilian company Embraer was invited to take part in the Italian project of the AMX, resulting in the AMX-International consortium. The project was split into three companies, and each one of the companies was responsible for specific parts of the aircraft: 46.7% for Aeritalia (including the central fuselage), 23.6% for Aermacchi (which included the front fuselage) and 29.7% for Embraer (including the wings, landing gear and disposable fuel tanks), the AMX first flight was in 15 may 1984 of the first prototype, the Brazilians at didn't decide the 20mm minigun instead they put two 30mm DEFAs as primary armament, the AMX entered in service with FAB in 1989, in 2013 these were upgraded to the A-1M Standard almost the same version of the Italian AMX A-11A ACOL.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' introduced in [[Update "Seek & Destroy"|"Seek & Destroy" Update]], is a Premium gift ([https://store.gaijin.net/story.php?title=AMX-1-Pack Pack]), this is the 2013 Version not upgraded to the A-1M standard, so basically a Early variant, compared to the italian [[AMX|A-11A]] have different armaments as primary with two powerful 30mm DEFAs, as air-to-air missile have the MAA-1 Piranha and the different type of rockets and bombs, the AMX A-1A is a perfect vehicle for CAS in ground RB with his guided bombs, can make easily work of enemy tanks

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed<br>(km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,180  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 850 || 793 || 500 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 650 || < 650 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Spey 807 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,807 kg || colspan="3" | 417 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel
|-
| 1,856 kg || colspan="2" | Low-bypass turbofan
| 7,644 kg || 8,447 kg || 9,269 kg || 9,597 kg || 13,477 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 34m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,719 kgf || -
| 0.62 || 0.56 || 0.51 || 0.49 || 0.35
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,120 kgf<br>(1,000 - 1,180 km/h) || -
| 0.67 || 0.61 || 0.55 || 0.53 || 0.38
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! EEGS
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 554 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 554 cannons, nose-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 120 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="8%" | 1 !! width="8%" | 2 !! width="8%" | 3 !! width="8%" | 4 !! width="8%" | 5 !! width="8%" | 6 !! width="8%" | 7
| rowspan="16" width="25%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_AMX.png]]</div>
|-
! [[BAFG-230 (230 kg)|230 kg BAFG-230]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BFA-230/2 (230 kg)|230 kg BFA-230/2]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BAFG-460 (460 kg)|460 kg BAFG-460]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BFA-460/2 (460 kg)|460 kg BFA-460/2]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BAFG-920 (920 kg)|920 kg BAFG-920]] bombs
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1, 2 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[BA-FG-230-Lizard-2|BA-FG-230-Lizard-2]] bombs
| || 1* || 1, 2 * || || 1, 2 * || 1* ||
|-
! [[BINC-300 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1, 2 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Skyfire-70 AC/AP]] rockets
| || 7, 19 || 7, 14, 19, 38 || || 7, 14, 19, 38 || 7, 19 ||
|-
! [[MAA-1 Piranha]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! LITENING II targeting pod
| || || || 1* || || ||
|-
! 580 l drop tanks
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
| colspan="8" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 1,500 kg
|-
| colspan="9" | * LITENING pod must be equipped when equipping guided bombs
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 580 l drop tanks
* 2 x MAA-1 Piranha missiles
* 42 x Skyfire-70 AC/AP rockets
* 114 x Skyfire-70 AC/AP rockets
* 5 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (2,500 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 8 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 6 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 8 x 230 kg BAFG-230 bombs (1,840 kg total)
* 6 x 460 kg BAFG-460 bombs (2,760 kg total)
* 8 x 230 kg BFA-230/2 bombs (1,840 kg total)
* 6 x 460 kg BFA-460/2 bombs (2,760 kg total)
* 3 x 920 kg BAFG-920 bombs (2,760 kg total)
* 6 x BA-FG-230-Lizard-2 bombs (3,043 lb total)
* 8 x BINC-300 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== [[wt:en/news/8922-development-pre-order-amx-a-1a-en|Devblog]] ===
During the late 1970s, the Italian Air Force specified a set of requirements for a new aircraft to replace the outdated G.91 and F-104 in their respective roles of ground attack and aerial reconnaissance. Aeritalia and Aermacchi entered a joint venture to develop the new aircraft, with work on the project commencing in 1978. By 1980, Brazil was also looking into modernizing their strike aircraft fleet and thus expressed interest in joining the development of the new aircraft. After agreeing on the requirements in 1981, Embraer joined the consortium, subsequently named AMX International.

Focusing on designing a light and cost-efficient strike aircraft, development of the new aircraft progressed quickly. The first prototype of the aircraft flew in 1984 and following a successful test period, the AMX entered production in 1988. Due to the shared development effort, the Italian and Brazilian variants of the aircraft only differ in minor aspects. After entering service, Italian AMX aircraft participated in operations during the Balkan Wars of the 1990s and Libya in 2011 where the type distinguished itself in combat. The AMX is still in active service Brazilian air forces to this day, while in Italy they were just retired in 2024.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8922-development-pre-order-amx-a-1a-en|[Devblog] Pre-order: AMX A-1A]]

{{AirManufacturer AMX International}}
{{Italy jet aircraft}}
{{Italy premium aircraft}}

Kfir C.2

2024-06-26T13:59:15Z

U31139476: Undo revision 188975 by U175933713 (talk) don't put false data

{{About
| about = gift Israeli jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Mirage 5 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=kfir_c2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
|market=id50175_kfir_c_2
}}

== Description ==

Based on the [[Nesher]], the Kfir (translates to "Lion Cub") was an Israeli program to improve their existing Mirage fleet with new avionics and the General Electric J79 engine from the [[Kurnass|F-4 Phantom II]]. Compared to the original French SNECMA Atar 9C engine in the Nesher, the J79 engine was shorter and had higher requirements for air flow and operating temperatures, so the modified aircraft holding the J79 had their rear ends redesigned for the shorter engine, with air intakes added or enlarged to accommodate the engine temperatures. The first prototype, under the name Ra'am (for "Thunder") flew on June 4, 1973, and the prototype would be accepted into Israeli Air Force service on April 14, 1975, in the 101 "First Fighter" Squadron as the Kfir C.1. The Kfir C.2 variant was the second production model after complaints that the C.1 had inferior maneuverability compared to the [[Shahak]], which saw the addition of canard (larger than that found on the [[Kfir Canard]]), leading edges on the wing, and small strakes on the nose.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', introduced into the game in [[Update "Wind of Change"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/7640-event-the-battle-for-arachis-en|"Battle for Arachis"]] event, shares its characteristics with the Mirage 5 lineage as a fighter-bomber, capable of performing in an air-to-air or air-to-ground role with its avionics and flight performance. Air-to-air performance is benefitted by the {{Specs|name}}'s maneuverability, especially its turn rates, to get nose onto target for guns or missiles, though missile availability is hindered to just two IR seeking missiles. For air-to-ground, the {{Specs|name}}'s ability to carry a total of eight 1000 lb bombs allows it to be able to destroy a base in air realistic mode or several armoured ground targets in ground battles. A full suite of [[Ballistic_Computer|ballistic computers allow for CCIP and CCRP]] usage that allows Kfir pilots to get their payload onto target as accurately as possible. The versatility in the Kfir's roles ensures that players are able to use it in response to different combat situations over the course of a match.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed<br>(km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude<br>(metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time<br>(seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb<br>(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run<br>(metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,304 || 2,254 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.6 || 29.1 || 167.0 || 155.6 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,442 || 2,374 || 25.8 || 27.0 || 245.5 || 204.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || X || X || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,460  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || - || - || ~11 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 920 || < 750 || < 1,460 || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J79-GE-17 || 1
| colspan="2" | 7,370 kg || colspan="2" | 287 kg/m<sup>2</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross<br>Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel
|-
| 1,750 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 8,125 kg || 9,152 kg || 9,888 kg || 14,163 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 5,200 kgf || 8,154 kgf
| 1.00 || 0.89 || 0.82 || 0.58
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,366 kgf<br>(1,460 km/h) || 10,978 kgf<br>(1,400 km/h)
| 1.35 || 1.19 || 1.11 || 0.78
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 552A (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552A cannons, belly-mounted (140 rpg = 280 total)
** 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552A cannons + 36 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="6%" | 1 !! width="6%" | 2 !! width="6%" | 3 !! width="6%" | 4 !! width="6%" | 5 !! width="6%" | 6 !! width="6%" | 7
| rowspan="14" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[GAU-4 (20 mm)|20 mm GAU-4]] cannons (1,200 rpg)
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| || 2, 3 || 2 || 5 || 2 || 2, 3 ||
|-
! [[SAMP Mk 82 250 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb SAMP Mk 82 250 Snakeye]] bombs
| || 3 || 2 || 5 || 2 || 3 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 2 || 2 || || 2 || 2 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| || 1 || || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|750 lb M117 cone 45]] bombs
| || 2, 2 || 2 || || 2 || 2, 2 ||
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| || 38 || || || || 38 ||
|-
! [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP]] rockets
| || 8 || || || || 8 ||
|-
! [[AIM-9D Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! [[AIM-9G Sidewinder]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! [[Shafrir 2]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
! [[Python 3]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || || 1
|-
| colspan="8" | Maximum permissible loadout weight: 4,295 kg<br>Maximum permissible wing load: 1,500 kg
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9D Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-9G Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x Python 3 missiles
* 2 x Shafrir 2 missiles
* 13 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (6,500 lb total)
* 15 x 500 lb SAMP Mk 82 250 Snakeye bombs (7,500 lb total)
* 8 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (8,000 lb total)
* 8 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs + 2 x Python 3 missiles (8,000 lb total)
* 8 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 8 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs + 2 x Python 3 missiles (6,000 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 2 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs + 2 x Python 3 missiles (4,000 lb total)
* 2 x 20 mm GAU-4 cannons (1,200 rpg = 2,400 total)
* 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 2 x Python 3 missiles + 9 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs + 16 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets (4,500 lb total)
* 2 x Python 3 missiles + 9 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs + 76 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets (4,500 lb total)
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==
<blockquote>"A quick assassin, right between the Kfir Canard and Kfir C.7"</blockquote>The Kfir C.2, being a derivative of the [[Mirage 5 (Family)|Mirage family]] and a step between the other Kfirs, it naturally plays rather similar. The J-79 engine and delta wings make it achieve stunning speeds both on the deck and at altitude (up to ~1450 km/h IAS), as well as give it great angle of attack (AoA) capability, but employing the latter requires one to slow down below the transsonic regime, not least to not compress and to avoid ripping off the wings. This does however make it drastically bleed speed. It is thus advised to stay fast and employ "hit and run" tactics, preying on unsuspecting enemies with the impressive [[Python 3]] missile, only choosing to turn with an opponent when not faced with a hostile 3rd party capitalizing on your low energy state. Even with such a powerful engine, it takes time to recover the lost speed, and coupled with the delta wing characteristics, getting slow is a gamble to carefully consider and long dogfights should always be avoided. Another thing to keep in mind is the high fuel consumption and low amount of fuel the Kfir can carry into battle (max. 27 minutes).

==== Air Realistic Battles (RB) ====
The Kfir C.2 is a plane that really needs to be played to its strengths to succeed, not least because its drawbacks otherwise end up being fatal. (see above)

There are a few ways to play the Kfir, whether it be darting in and out early on, loitering on the edges to pick off isolated foes or bombing bases; all of them have one thing in common. "speed".

In order to achieve good results, it is generally advisable to stay at a high speed to avoid being an easy target for a missile or a plane slipping onto one for a gunkill. The low countermeasure count only emphasizes this; most missiles can be dealt with via raw speed and shallow turns, leading the missile to turn harder than the plane and losing energy much quicker, until it falls out of the sky. The Kfir is no stranger to altitude and goes even faster up high, but only after the initial phases of the battle it's safe to climb. Radar guided weaponry is rather scarce when facing a downtier, but one should always be careful, as a moment of neglect can turn into a trip to the hangar in no-time.

The Kfir C.2 excels at both baiting enemies for your team or squadmates, as well as support them in turn. Staying behind an opponent is not recommended, as this usually leaves you slow, tunnel-visioned and generally an easy target for enemies. The excellent missiles it gets are limited to only two, so making them count is essential. Prioritization of high value targets, such as the later mentioned planes, to hit with the potent missiles, if possible, is recommended, as these will prove difficult to deal with later and up close. Always remember your fuel though, it might pay off to not use the afterburner while commuting to the battle.

==== Major Threats ====
Generally speaking, the Kfir can tangle with any foe, only having to fear the likes of the [[F-5E]] and [[F-8E]], as these will usually handle overshooting quite well and climb away whilst the delta winged jet sits below, unable to recover its speed in time. Additionally, the [[F-8E]] can generally keep up with it and when facing them, one needs extra effort and time to lose them.

By far the biggest threat are 4th generation fighters ([[F-16 (Family)|F-16]], [[MiG-29 (Family)|MiG-29]], [[F-14 (Family)|F-14]], and [[Mirage 2000 (Family)|Mirage 2000]]), as they outperform the Kfir in more or less every single aspect. They are rarely matched with it, however, in a maximum uptier they can still be encountered in small numbers. The best defence against them is to have your team in vague proximity to help you; outside of that, the Lion Cub can only defend itself for so long, given the opponent does not make any fatal mistakes.

* ''Extra Tip:'' you can turn off your radar-rangefinder by pressing your "radar lock" button. It otherwise warns the enemy, annoys your teammates and is only useful to slave your IR missiles to a target 5-7 km in front of you.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very fast acceleration
* Very high top speed
* Turns tight
* Hard-hitting 30 mm autocannons
* Python 3 missiles have a high G limit, very good range and acceleration
* Versatile suspended armament with ballistic computers

'''Cons:'''

* Only 2 IR air-to-air missiles and no access to SARH missiles
* No flaps
* Below average roll rate
* 30 mm cannons have slow muzzle velocity
* It can rip its wings at high speed and excessive G-loading
* Low countermeasure count (36)

== History ==

===[[wt:en/news/7637-development-battle-for-arachis-kfir-c-2-en|Devblog]]===
Operationally, the Kfir fighters from the first production series revealed a number of flaws in their design, in particular, an increased mass compared to the Mirage, as well as a forward shift in balance due to the greater weight of the suspended weaponry that affected the controllability and turn rate. To eliminate these concerns, the engineers proposed equipping the fighter with canards in the air intake areas, as well as installing aerodynamic ridges to redirect the airstream from the nose and provide a vortex around the canards. A dogtooth appeared on the leading edge of the wing that was intended to increase the lateral stability of the aircraft at high angles of attack. As a result, maneuverability at low speeds increased, and takeoff and landing runs became shorter. In addition, the new Kfir modification also received two additional weapon suspension hardpoints. The modification of the fighter with canards entered service with the Israeli Air Force in 1977 under the designation Kfir C.2, in addition to new machines, most Kfirs from the first production series were upgraded to the C.2 level. Aside from Israel, Kfir C.2 was in service with the armies of Colombia, Ecuador and Sri Lanka.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=kfir_c2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
Kfir_C.2_WTWallpaper001.jpg
Kfir_C.2_WTWallpaper002.jpg
Kfir_C.2_WTWallpaper003.jpg
Kfir_C.2_WTWallpaper004.jpg
Kfir_C.2_WTWallpaper005.jpg
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Mirage 5 (Family)]]
* [[Kfir Canard]]
* [[Kfir C.7]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7637-development-battle-for-arachis-kfir-c-2-en|[Devblog] "Battle for Arachis": Kfir C.2]]

{{Manufacturer IAI}}
{{Israel jet aircraft}}

RN Aquilone

2024-06-25T21:14:16Z

U31139476:

{{About
| about = Italian Destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Turbine (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_destroyer_aquilone
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

'''RN Aquilone''' was a [[Turbine (Family)|Turbine-class destroyer]] laid down for the Regia Marina on 18 May 1925. She was launched on 3 August 1927, completed and commissioned on 3 December 1927, and assigned in 1929 to the 1°Divisione Navale. Between 1936-1937, she participated in the Spanish Civil War. Despite the wear on the ship by this time, she also participated in WWII, with particular combat in the seas of Libya and several battles around Tobruk. While sailing to Tripoli on 17 September 1930, Aquilone hit naval mines that were not visible in the fog, and quickly sank.

Introduced in [[Update "New Power"]], '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' has very good manoeuvrability and speed. With the same armament as [[RN Turbine]], the two dual 120 mm turrets can cause good damage with the HE shells, while also being capable of handling more armoured targets with the AP shells. The anti-aircraft armament is composed by three 40 mm Vickers-Terni cannons; the HE-FT are ineffective at medium and long ranges, but can provide quite a punch to enemy boats and incoming enemy aircraft at shorter ranges.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

RN Aquilone compared to the other ships of its rating is the smallest, with a hull of 91 m compared to the 140 m of the British Town-class or the 103 m of the [[IJN Mutsuki|Mutsuki]], but even if it is the smallest ship it defends itself well.

It is protected with 16 mm of steel on the hull. Her low-profile hull makes her very difficult to hit over long distances, but at the same time she is very agile and fast.

Thanks to her intrepid crew of 179 sailors she takes first place as the most manned ship at her battle rating, in second place we find the [[Frunze]] with 168 members and in third place we find the [[USS Litchfield]]. These ships mentioned above will also be the most present along with the [[Leopard]] in battle, the advantage is that all three have one thing in common, they all have little protection on the main hull.

The Litchfield and the Leopard are the most vulnerable because right next to the hold they have the principal fuel tank, something that the Frunze does not have.

Unfortunately, Aquilone also has this flaw, which is a problem because during combat the front of the ship is one of the most vulnerable. To remedy this flaw, it is recommended that the ship be angled slightly to the left or right in the direction of enemy fire, so that the enemy rounds do not find a flat surface to penetrate and blow Aquilone to oblivion.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Aquilone is equipped with 2 powerful turbines that deliver 40,000 horsepower, taking it up to 36 knots (66 km/h). Its draught of only 3 m makes it very agile even at maximum speed. Its rudder can turn from left to right and vice versa in just 5 seconds.

The advantage of being small and wide increases the stability of the ship even in case of a sudden turn. Aquilone, once it reaches maximum speed, is able to stop completely in 32 seconds and its maximum speed in reverse is -14 knots (-26 km/h).

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)}}

First produced by Ansaldo in 1926, this gun was continually modified during the 1930s by both Ansaldo and Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO). The 120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 in the double mounts suffered from excessive dispersion which seems to be the result of mounting the barrels too close together. On later destroyers, a single 120 mm/50 (4.7") mount was used to replace the obsolete 120 mm/15 (4.7") star shell howitzers, thus improving the ship's firepower.

In combat this type of weapon is very strong at its battle rating, as the ammunition it can offer are HE, APHE, and HE-TF. The speed of the rounds are 850 m/s and are fired with a frequency of 8.2 seconds. HE and HE-TF have an explosive mass of 2.39 kg and APHE 1.16 kg.

The HEs which Aquilone can use are currently the most explosive of the early destroyers, the [[Frunze]] only has 2.1 kg, the [[Leopard]] has 2 kg, the [[IJN Mutsuki]] 1.86 kg, the [[USS Litchfield]] 1.23 kg and the [[HMS Churchill]] with only 721 g. The great velocity of its rounds almost guarantees an almighty success in long-distance fights.

{{:120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)/Ammunition|120 mm HE Dirompente, 120 mm APBC Perforante, 120 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)}}

Introduced into the Royal Navy in March 1915 as a large calibre MG AA. These guns used 25-round fabric belts, which are used only in single mounts. Britain produced a total of 795 cannons of which 577 were still available in 1939.

The original Mark II design was prone to many defects and the Mark II* was a modified version that improved reliability. Stoppages and jams were still common in these models as the bullets slipped out of their mounts and the fabric belts which carried them often tore. The Mark II*C was another modification that used a 14-shot steel-link belt instead of the fabric belt. These steel-mesh belts were also used on the later 2-pdr. Mark VIIIs. About 50 of these guns were sold to the Italian Navy. They were then manufactured under license by Terni (Italy) until the early 1930s. The Terni version used a 50-round ammunition box.

Aquilone is equipped with no less than three 40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 guns, 2 in the center and 1 in the rear of the ship. This positioning guarantees complete aerial coverage within a radius of 1.1 km. Unfortunately, their short range limits the air defense of the ship, but as soon as an air target enters the maximum effective range of these anti-aircraft guns, i.e. 800 m, the aircraft will be instantly neutralized by the HE-TF rounds which use 31 g of explosive.

{{:40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)/Ammunition|40 mm HE-TF}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|Bollo P.125/1932 mine}}

Aquilone is equipped with 6 torpedoes 533 mm S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A and 52 Bollo P.125/1932 mines. The torpedo launchers are arranged in a linear fashion in the central part of the ship and have a range of 180 degrees on both sides of the ship.The torpedoes without the improved torpedo modification have a range of 4 km and travel at 76 km/h, while with the modification installed the torpedoes increase the range to 12 km, however their speed is reduced to 48 km/h.

These torpedoes have a mass of 1,781 kg and inside they contain 250 kg of explosives. After their launch, they need 50 m to arm themselves and become destructive.

The 52 mines are placed in the rear of the ships carried on rails that start from the middle of the ship and go all the way to the stern. The mines in question have a mass of 221 kg of which 125 kg of explosives alone, once released into the sea these mines will stay stationary to float and will not detonate until a ship goes very close.

== Usage in battles ==

'''Aquilone''' at its battle rating has a good armament composed of 4 [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] cannons, that can cause heavy damage to enemy ships, using HE rounds that can destroy lightly-armoured enemy ships with a single shot, or the APHE rounds that are better suited against armour but can still cause massive amounts of damage to destroyers and destroy them in a few shots, by aiming for their unarmoured or weakly protected areas.

Using the main armament for anti-aircraft purposes, you can use the HE-TF shells. These shells detonate near aerial targets, according to the distance calculated by the ship's crew, causing its destruction or serious critical damage. The only con of the main guns is the recharge time of 8.5 seconds. The ship has only 3 anti-aircraft guns ([[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]]) which are very powerful but their range is so low that they are not very good as an anti-aircraft deterrent.

The ship is the smallest reserve destroyer among all reserves of the bluewater ships in the game. The ship has a good speed and good manoeuvrability making the ship able to dodge enemy torpedoes. The ship can also carry mines and torpedoes, the mines are deadly and can cause serious damage to destroyers making them sink very quickly, while the torpedoes can be modified with the torpedo mode modification, from stock the torpedoes reach 4 km distance and have a speed of 76 km/h while if you use the modification the torpedoes become much slower 48 km/h, while the distance is increased to 12 km.

Increasing the distance of the torpedoes allows for unsuspecting enemy ships to sail into them or if near a capture zone and enemy vessels are in the cap zone, launch them towards the zone and any ships which they hit will be sunk.

Aquilone should be used as a support ship or for side attacks; its cannons fire slowly but cause serious damage to enemy ships. Do not go to the front because the enemies have the ability to destroy Aquilone easily with a single well-placed shot, the ship is also very small so Aquilone is a difficult target to hit, when sailing towards the enemy ships - however exposing the broadside will make Aquilone a bigger target to hit.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Good primary armament ([[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]]).
* Good choice of ammunition for primary armament (APHE, HE, HE-TF).
* Good survivability (179 of crew).
* Good speed (67 km/h).
* Good manoeuvrability (approx. 45 seconds for a complete circle).
* Good torpedoes range 12 km with torpedo mode modification.
* Good velocity torpedoes (76 km/h) without Torpedo mode modification.

'''Cons:'''

* Slow turn rate of AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]].
* Short range AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]].
* The ammo rack can explode easily when hit, causing the ship to explode!
* Slow reload for the primary armament it reloads in 8,5 seconds
* Slow torpedoes, only 48 km/h of speed with torpedo mode modification.
* Very short range torpedoes (4 km) without torpedo mode modification.
* Carrying mines, if the ship is hit in the mine they will do an ammo rack explosion on the ship resulting in the total destruction of Aquilone.

== History ==

=== Turbine-class ===
The Turbine-class comprised 8 destroyers named after winds ([[RN Turbine|Turbine]], Borea, Nembo, Aquilone, Euro, Espero, Zeffiro, and Ostro). It was one of the first classes of military ships after the First World War. This class succeeded fairly well, they had 2 twin turrets with [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] guns with 6 torpedoes for auxiliary armament.

They fought in the war, but suffered 6 losses by 1940 and the other 2 sank after the armistice of 8 September.

The Turbine-class ships presented characteristics that can be defined as intermediate between the ships of the first post-war period and those of the 1930s. They were launched in 1927-28, and compared to their predecessors had a hull lengthened by 3 m, so as to be able to accommodate a 10% more powerful propulsion apparatus.

Propulsion was given by 2 groups of steam turbines on 2 axles, each on a funnel of different sizes (the front funnel was larger) with a modest 40,000 horsepower. The torpedo launchers were 2 triple mounts of 533 mm, there were also depth charges and, similarly to the other ships of the type in service in the Regia Marina, up to 50 mines could be carried.

The main armament was based on 2 twin turrets of [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] cannons.The twin cannons allowed for a much more compact design of the ships than 4 single installations, and certainly also contributed to the aesthetic harmony of the design, more compact and powerful, but the cannons very close together interfered with each other during fire, causing a dispersion of fire that haunted the naval engineers throughout the war.

Turbine-class ships:

* [[RN Turbine]] (1927)
* RN Borea (1927)
* RN Nembo (1927)
* RN Aquilone (1927)
* RN Euro (1927)
* RN Espero (1928)
* RN Zeffiro (1928)
* RN Ostro (1928)

=== RN Aquilone ===
RN Aquilone (1927) built by the Odero Shipyard, entered into service on December 3, 1927. In 1929 RN Aquilone constituted, together with the twins [[Turbine|RN Turbine]], Euro, and Nembo, the II Squadron of the 1st Flotilla of the I Division of Torpedoes, framed in the 1st Naval Squadron, based in La Spezia, the ship participated in some cruises in the Mediterranean from 1929 to 1932.

The crew of RN Aquilone was commanded by Lieutenant Commander Enrico Baroni.

In 1931 RN Aquilone, Turbine, Ostro, Borea, Daniele Manin, Giovanni Nicotera, and Esploratore Pantera formed the 1st Battleship Destroyer Flotilla assigned to the 2nd Division of the 1st Squadron.

In 1932 the same year RN Aquilone accidentally hit Zeffiro with one of its torpedoes (the weapon was defective).

In 1934 RN Aquilone, together with Turbine, Euro, and Nembo, constituted the VIII Destroyer Squadron, assigned, together with the IV (composed by the other four units of the Turbine-class) and the II Naval Division (heavy cruisers RN Fiume and Gorizia).

In 1936-1937, the destroyer took part in the Spanish Civil War.

On 15 December 1938, the destroyer risked capsizing due to rough seas and suffered serious damage, including the removal of a cage containing depth charges and several doors of the dynamo and machine rooms, as well as damage to the motorboat, which risked ending up in the sea.

In November 1939 RN Aquilone returned to Italy, reaching Fiume, where, with the crew reduced to one third, it was subjected to work in dry dock, which included the repair of damage caused by storms. In April, RN Aquilone went to Tobruk to do shooting exercises, both by day and by night, with night navigations along the coast. Starting from 20 May 1940, RN Aquilone participated in the mine operations of the access routes to Tripoli, Tobruk and Benghazi. Between 6 June and 10 July, the four units of the Squadron, together with the minelayer Barletta, laid 14 minefields in Libyan waters, for a total of 540 mines.

At the entrance of Italy in the Second World War, RN Aquilone, Turbine, Euro, and Nembo of the Turbine-class were already old and had a lower top speed because with all the service that made the hull was so worn that it showed that the ship could not reach 36 knots but arrived at a maximum speed of 31 knots.

RN Aquilone from 11 June fought against several British air raids at Tobruk, the ship used her [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]] guns against the enemy planes, the destroyer was not hit.

Although never hit directly, the destroyer had numerous holes in her hull, caused by shrapnel and bombs falling nearby.

On 14 June 1940 RN Aquilone bombarded the British positions at Sollum, together with Nembo and Turbine.

On June 26 the destroyer participated in a second naval bombardment of Sollum. These attacks served to weaken the British defenses in order to make an Italian incursion possible.

On 28 June 1940 the crew of RN Aquilone witnessed the shooting down of Italo Balbo's plane over the skies of Tobruk.
[[File:Aquilone with Turbine.png|thumb|RN Aquilone with its sister Turbine]]
In Tobruk during the torpedo attacks of 5 and 19 July 1940, the destroyers RN Zeffiro, Nembo, and Ostro, as well as the steamers Manzoni and Sereno, were sunk, while Euro and the steamers Liguria and Serenitas were seriously damaged. RN Aquilone remained unharmed, and at the end of August Aquilone was transferred to Benghazi, since Tobruk was by now considered too exposed to air attacks.

On 17 September at 20:15, RN Aquilone and Turbine sailed to Tripoli, again with the intent to decentralize part of the ships concentrated in a port, that of Benghazi, also too exposed to air attacks.

Shortly after having passed through the entrance of the port, at 20:45, when the two units had already passed the area indicated by the buoy of more than one mile, RN Aquilone, which was proceeding behind Turbine, was shaken by two explosions in rapid succession, one in the middle of the ship and one at the stern, tipping over and finding itself with its bridge lying on the sea's surface. The rudder was jammed, preventing it from manoeuvring, and some men were thrown into the sea by the detonations, which made two rafts unusable.

The ship had been hit by the explosion of two magnetic mines, but at the time many thought it was an attack by aircraft, so much so that the anti-aircraft emplacments on land opened fire, while Turbine began accelerating and zigzagging.

Turbine, after having reduced speed, tried to call Aquilone that resulted in useless as action was made to continue for Tripoli, while from Benghazi came out the units destined to the rescues. On Aquilone, irreparably damaged, it was initially ordered to move to the coast, then, again by order of Commander Agostini, the machines were stopped and the aft ammunition depots were flooded, then the boats were put to sea, one of which, after being lowered, capsized because of the rough sea. As a result of the explosion, the starboard depth charges fell into the water, but thanks to the shallow depth (13-15 m) they did not detonate. The abandonment of the ship, surrounded by fuel oil leaking from the tanks, took place in an orderly manner, thus limiting losses.

After having heartened the crew, Captain Agostini remained on board, until he was dragged into the sea by a wave. Bumping against the bottom, Aquilone laid down on the seabed.

Despite the rapidity of the sinking and the rough sea, the human losses were rather limited, consisting of 4 dead, 9 missing and 20 injured (the latter caused mainly by the impact against the ship's structures immediately after the explosions).

The search - directed, starting from about 23:30, by Commander Agostini, decorated on that occasion with the MAVM (Silver Medal for Military Valor), recovered from a lifeboat of the old torpedo boat Abba after two and a half hours spent adrift - lasted until 2 a.m. on the 18th and led to the rescue of the remaining crew (some shipwrecked, in the water or on rafts, were found after six hours from the sinking), then brought on board the hospital ship California and to the Colonial Hospital of Benghazi. After what happened to Aquilone the port of Benghazi was temporarily blocked: entry and exit of any ship was forbidden until the arrival, from Italy, of a magnetic minesweeper that took care of the demining.

Two survivors of the crew of Aquilone, G. Giannoni and P. L. Fazzi, later donated the crowning light, a short section of the anchor chain and the bow star of Aquilone to the Museum of the Italian Military Memorial of El Alamein.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_destroyer_aquilone Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Aquilone front.png
File:Aquilone rear.png
File:Aquilone shooting down aircraft.png
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy destroyers}}
{{Italy premium ships}}

RN Turbine

2024-06-25T21:13:42Z

U31139476:

{{About
| about = Italian Destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Turbine (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_destroyer_turbine
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Turbine''' was the lead ship of the Turbine-class destroyers, improved and enlarged versions of the preceding Sauro-class. Turbine was completed on 27th August 1927, and saw some action throughout her service life. During the Spanish Civil War, Turbine torpedoed and sank Soviet cargo ship Timiryazev carrying coal from Cardiff to Port Said. During her first war patrol on 13th June 1940, Turbine participated in the detection and sinking of British O-class submarine HMS Odin at the entrance of the Gulf of Taranto. She later also participated in the bombardment of the British-held port of Sollum, Egypt as retaliation after a British air attack on Tobruk. On 19th June, Turbine scored her second and last kill of the war, detecting another O-class submarine, HMS Orpheus, about 25 miles north of Tobruk and sinking it with depth charges. Between July and September 1940, Turbine survived multiple air attacks while at anchor in the ports of Tobruk and later Benghazi; except Euro, all her other sisters were sunk in the attacks. In 1942, Turbine underwent refit which changed her anti-aircraft weaponry to seven 20 mm Breda Model 1935 autocannons as the obsolete 40 mm pompoms were removed. Two depth charge launchers were also added. After Italy signed the Armistice, Turbine was ordered to surrender to Germany while at anchor at Piraeus, Greece. She was renamed TA14 and served in the Aegean until sunk by USAAF air attack with rockets in Salamis on 16th September 1944.

'''{{Specs|name}}''' was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]] as Italian reserve destroyer. Her armament is relatively weak with very long reload of 11 sec, compared to her much faster firing contemporaries. Unlike them however, she has access to APHE shells, as well as HE-TF and standard HE shells. Turbine also has access to quite powerful torpedoes, capable of reaching speeds of up to 94 km/h, although limited to range of only 4 km. Turbine is best used as an ambusher, capable of delivering fast and deadly torpedo attacks at close range.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

RN Turbine is the second smallest ship at its battle rating with a hull length of 91 m compared to 93 m for [[Leopard]] or 98 m for the Soviet [[Frunze]].

The hull is lined with 16 mm steel, in combination with Turbine's small stature this creates a perfect combination of a tough and small ship, perfect for dueling foes.

Her crew consists of 179 sailors which makes her the top vessel with the most crew members at her battle rating. In second place is Frunze with 168 and in third place is [[USS Barker]] with 150.

These ships mentioned above will be the most commonly encountered in battle, along with Type 1924 Leopard. The advantage is that all three have one thing in common, they all have little protection on the main hold.

Barker and Leopard are the most vulnerable because right next to the hold they have the main fuel tank, something the Frunze does not have.

Unfortunately, RN Turbine also suffers from this small but important problem, because during combat the front of the ship is one of the most vulnerable. To remedy this flaw, it is recommended to angle the ship slightly to the left or right (to keep the profile of the ship smaller) in the direction of enemy fire, so enemy projectiles do not find a flat surface to penetrate and blow up the main hold, knocking the ship out of battle!

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

RN Turbine is equipped with 2 powerful turbines delivering 40,000 horsepower, allowing it to travel at 36 knots (66 km/h). Its draught of only 3 m makes it very agile even at its maximum speed. Its rudder can turn from left to right and vice versa in just 5 seconds.

The advantage of being small and wide increases the stability of the ship even in case of a sudden turn. RN Turbine is able to stop completely from maximum speed in 32 seconds and its maximum speed in reverse is -14 knots (-26 km/h).

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 60
|SpeedBackStockAB = 23
|TurnTimeStockAB = 103.683
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 42
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)}}

First produced by Ansaldo in 1926, this gun was continually modified during the 1930s by both Ansaldo and Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO).

The 120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 in the double mounts suffered from excessive dispersion which seems to be the result of mounting the barrels too close together. On later destroyers, a single 120 mm/50 (4.7") mount was used to replace the obsolete 120 mm/15 (4.7") star howitzers, thus improving the ship's firepower.

In combat this type of weapon is very strong at its battle rating, as it offers HE, APHE, and HE-TF ammunition.

The speed of the rounds are 850 m/s and have a reload of 8.2 seconds. HE and HE-TF have an explosive mass of 2.39 kg and APHE 1.16 kg.

The HE shells which RN Turbine can use are currently the most explosive, the [[Frunze]] only has 2.1 kg, [[Leopard]] has 2 kg, the [[IJN Mutsuki]] 1.86 kg, the [[USS Litchfield]] 1.23 kg and the [[HMS Churchill]] with only 721 g. The great velocity of its rounds guarantees an almighty success in long-distance fights.

{{:120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)/Ammunition|120 mm HE Dirompente, 120 mm APBC Perforante, 120 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)}}

Introduced into the Royal Navy in March 1915 as a large calibre MG AA. These guns used 25-round fabric belts, which are used only in single mounts. Britain produced a total of 795 cannons of which 577 were still available in 1939.

The original Mark II design was prone to many defects and the Mark II* was a modified version that improved reliability.

Stoppages and jams were still common in these models as the bullets slipped out of their mounts and the fabric belts which carried them often tore. The Mark II*C was another modification that used a 14-shot steel-link belt instead of the fabric belt. These steel-mesh belts were also used on the later 2-pdr. Mark VIIIs.

About 50 of these guns were sold to the Italian Navy. They were then manufactured under license by Terni (Italy) until the early 1930s. The Terni version used a 50-round ammunition box.

RN Turbine is equipped with no less than three 40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 guns, 2 in the center and 1 in the rear of the ship.

This positioning guarantees complete aerial coverage within a radius of 1.1 km. Unfortunately, their short range limits the air defense of the ship, but as soon as an air target enters the maximum effective range of these anti-aircraft guns, i.e. 800 m, the aircraft will be instantly neutralized by the HE-TF rounds which use 31 g of explosive.

{{:40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)/Ammunition|40 mm HE-TF}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|Bollo P.125/1932 mine}}

RN Turbine is equipped with 6 torpedoes [[S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Type A (533 mm)]] and 52 [[Bollo P.125/1932 mine|Bollo P.125/1932 mines]].

The torpedo launchers are arranged in a linear fashion in the central part of the ship and have a range of 180 degrees on both sides of the ship.

The torpedoes without the improved torpedo modification have a range of 4 km and travel at 76 km/h, while with the modification installed the torpedoes increase the range to 12 km, however their speed is reduced to 48 km/h.

These torpedoes have a mass of 1,781 kg and inside they contain 250 kg of explosives. After their launch, they need 50 metres to arm themselves and become completely destructive.

The 52 mines are positioned at the rear of the ships carried on rails that start from the middle of the ship and go all the way to the stern.

The mines in question have a mass of 221 kg of which 125 kg of explosives alone, once released into the sea these mines will stay stationary to float and will not detonate until a ship goes very close.

== Usage in battles ==

RN Turbine at its battle level has a good armament composed of 4 [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]], which can cause a lot of damage to enemy ships. HE can destroy enemy boats with one shot, APHE projectiles can cause massive damage and destroy enemy ships such as destroyers in a few shots, targeting their unarmoured or weakly protected areas.

Using the main armament as if it were anti-aircraft, you can use the HE-TF as these shots explode near the aerial target, based on the distance calculated by the crew of the ship, causing its destruction or severe critical damage. The only problem with the main guns is the reload time of 8.5 seconds. The ship has only 3 anti-aircraft guns ([[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod. 1915 /1917]]) which are very powerful but their range is very low, which consequently reduces their effectiveness.

RN Turbine is the smallest reserve of all the reserve bluewater ships in the game. The ship has good speed and manoeuvrability which makes it capable of dodging enemy torpedoes. The ship can also carry mines and torpedoes, mines are deadly and can cause severe damage to destroyers making them sink very fast, while torpedoes can be modified with torpedo mode. From stock the torpedoes reach a distance of 4 km and have a speed of 76 km/h while if you use the torpedo mode modification they become much slower (48 km/h), while the distance is increased to 12 km.

RN Turbine must be used as a support ship or for side attacks; its cannons fire slowly but cause serious damage to enemy ships. It is not recommended to go to the front lines because enemies have the ability to easily destroy RN Turbine with a single well-placed shot between the main hold and the tank. The ship is also very small so it is a difficult target to hit, especially over long distances.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Largest naval mine payload at its rank
* Effective primary armament ([[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]]) and choice of ammunition (APHE, HE, HE-TF)
* Good survivability (large crew)
* Good speed (67 km/h)
* Good manoeuvrability (circa 45 seconds for a complete circle)

'''Cons:'''

* Lacks protection
* Slow reload for the primary armament it reloads in 8,5 seconds
* Slow turn rate of AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]]
* Short range AA guns with [[40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917]]
* The ammo rack can explode easily when hit, causing the ship to explode
* Carrying mines, if the ship is hit in the mine they will do an ammo rack explosion on the ship resulting in the total destruction of RN Turbine

== History ==

=== Turbine-class ===
The Turbine-class comprised 8 destroyers named after winds (Turbine, Borea, Nembo, [[RN Aquilone|Aquilone]], Euro, Espero, Zeffiro, and Ostro). It was one of the first classes of military ships after the First World War. This class succeeded fairly well, they had 2 twin turrets with [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] guns with 6 torpedoes for auxiliary armament.

They fought in the war, but suffered 6 losses by 1940 and the other 2 sank after the armistice of 8 September.

The Turbine-class ships presented characteristics that can be defined as intermediate between the ships of the first post-war period and those of the 1930s. They were launched in 1927-28, and compared to their predecessors had a hull lengthened by 3 m, so as to be able to accommodate a 10% more powerful propulsion apparatus.

Propulsion was given by 2 groups of steam turbines on 2 axles, each on a funnel of different sizes (the front funnel was larger) with a modest 40,000 horsepower. The torpedo launchers were 2 triple mounts of 533 mm, there were also depth charges and, similarly to the other ships of the type in service in the Regia Marina, up to 50 mines could be carried.

The main armament was based on 2 twin turrets of [[120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1926]] cannons.The twin cannons allowed for a much more compact design of the ships than 4 single installations, and certainly also contributed to the aesthetic harmony of the design, more compact and powerful, but the cannons very close together interfered with each other during fire, causing a dispersion of fire that haunted the naval engineers throughout the war.

Turbine-class ships:

* RN Turbine (1927)
* RN Borea (1927)
* RN Nembo (1927)
* [[RN Aquilone]] (1927)
* RN Euro (1927)
* RN Espero (1928)
* RN Zeffiro (1928)
* RN Ostro (1928)

=== RN Turbine ===
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (3).png|thumb|RN Turbine during military exercises]]
On 24 March 1925 RN Turbine was laid down at the shipyard construction site Oderno (Genoa). It was launched on 21 April 1927, and entered into service on 27 August.

In 1932, Turbine was one of the first units of the Regia Marina to receive a fire control unit of the "Galileo-Bergamini" type, designed by the then Captain Carlo Bergamini.

In 1934, RN Turbine, Aquilone, Nembo, and Euro formed the VIIIa Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere (VIII Destroyer Squadron) and with IVa Squadriglia, it was attached to the II Divisione Navale (II Naval Division), composed by heavy cruisers Fiume and Gorizia and framed in the 1a Squadra Navale (1st Naval Squad).

It took part in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) to counter the smuggling of supplies for the Spanish republican troops. During these operations, on 30 August 1937, RN Turbine torpedoed and sank the Soviet steamship Tymiryazev with the help of its sister RN Ostro.

At the entrance of Italy in the Second World War, Turbine, together with its sister ships RN Euro, Nembo, and Aquilone, composed the I Destroyer Squadron based in Tobruk.
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (1).png|thumb|RN Turbine during speed tests]]
During the night between 13 and 14 June 1940, RN Turbine and the destroyer RN Strale carried out an anti-submarine hunting mission in the Gulf of Taranto.

On 19 June, RN Turbine sank the British submarine Orpheus.

In the night between 16 and 17 September, RN Turbine was moored next to Aquilone at the main pier of the port of Benghazi, when the latter was bombed by nine aircraft of the 815th Squadron launched from the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious: in this attack the destroyer RN Borea and the steamers Maria Eugenia and Gloriastella were sunk.

Some other units were damaged, though not critically. RN Turbine was hit in the aft rangefinder by two big pieces of shrapnel projected by the explosions on Maria Eugenia; the result was the disablement of the stern fire control equipment and the wounding of 6 men.

On 17 September, RN Turbine and Aquilone received orders to move to Tripoli and sailed at 20:15 directly to that base, but half an hour later RN Aquilone hit two mines and began to sink.

Initially it was not understood what had provoked the explosions and, fearing another attack from the sky, Turbine accelerated and began to zigzag, and then tried to contact its sister unit, from which there was no answer; before RN Turbine could reverse course, it was ordered to continue to Tripoli, to avoid being hit by ordnance during its turn.

On 4 July 1942, RN Turbine escorted a convoy composed by the motorboats Ankara, Nino Bixio and Sestriere, together with the destroyers Corsaro, Legionario, Folgore, Grecale, and Saetta, as well as the torpedo boats Partenope and Calliope; the ships reached their destination in spite of numerous air attacks; on that occasion there was also the first attack conducted by American aircraft against Italian units (it was an attack by Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers).
[[File:RN Turbine (1927) (2).png|thumb|RN Turbine in a convoy]]
In the last phase of the war it was employed in the Aegean.

In 1943, at the proclamation of the armistice, RN Turbine was in Piraeus. The crew initially rejoiced at the news, thinking that the ship would return home; while the crews of two tugboats came on board asking to be allowed to return to Italy with RN Turbine, the order was given to put the boilers under pressure.

At nine o'clock in the evening the commander of the destroyer, temporarily absent for shore engagements, returned aboard the ship, while the initial jubilation was replaced by concern: communications between RN Turbine and the other ships had failed, and the crew was sent to battle stations, while the ship was positioned in the channel leading to the port.

A few minutes after midnight, the commander of the German minelayer Drache came aboard RN Turbine and explained that the Italian destroyer was under fire from German 150 mm coastal batteries, which would open fire if the unit attempted to leave; in addition, Drache had just laid a new minefield outside the harbor.

Moreover, even if the destroyer had managed to get away unscathed, it would have been attacked by Luftwaffe aircraft stationed in Athens as the sun rose. At dawn, having ascertained the truth of this fact, the crew prepared to scuttle the ship, while the commander went ashore; at ten o'clock in the morning the order to turn off the boilers was received, while at 11:20 the commander returned aboard RN Turbine and explained that the command of the Italian troops in Greece had ordered to deliver the ship intact to the Kriegsmarine.

On September 9, 1943 the ship was delivered intact by its crew to the German troops; some members of the crew opted to remain on board and continue to fight with the Germans, while most of the staff, after having disembarked on the promise of a safe return to Italy, were sent to prison camps in Germany and Poland.

Incorporated into the Kriegsmarine, RN Turbine assumed the new name TA 14.

After a refit, the Germans added 20 mm machine guns to the ship, it was assigned to the 9th Torpedo Flotilla and took part in the occupation of Rhodes at the end of 1943, then it was employed in the Aegean with escort duties.

On 1 February 1944, it was hit with rockets and damaged by British aircraft. Repaired at Salamina, it briefly resumed escort duty. On June 19, while in Portolago (Leros), it was again damaged by explosive charges placed by British raiders.

On 16 September 1944, while in Salamina for repairs, it was hit by bombs and sunk during an American aerial bombardment.

Since the entry into service of RN Turbine, in the long convoy war 1940-1943, in addition to the sinking of the Orpheus, five enemy torpedo bombers were shot down.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_destroyer_turbine Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Zt6JJt5uYgs|'''The Shooting Range #228''' - ''Triathlon'' section at 8:55 compares the reserve destroyers.}}

== See also ==


* [[RN Aquilone]]
* [[RN Dardo]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy destroyers}}

RN Duilio

2024-06-25T21:11:33Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_battleship_caio_duilio
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Duilio''', also known as the RN Caio Duilio, is the sister ship of the previous battleship, RN Andrea Doria, laid down on 24 February 1912, launched on 24 April 1913, and completed and entered into service on 10 May 1915. The ship took part only in exercises, the ship did not see any operations or missions because naval supremacy in the Mediterranean was in favour of the Allied Powers. It was later refitted in the Ansaldo Shipyard in Genoa from 1937 until her return to service on 15 July 1940. The RN Duilio got one of the most extensive modernisations that was ever given to a dreadnought, including changes to the hull, powerplant, and armaments, resulting in a vessel that was almost unrecognisable as compared to before. The RN Duilio took part in several activities during WW2, though the ship never got a chance to engage another surface target and arguably the most interesting part of its service life was when it was torpedoed in Taranto by the Royal Navy. The ship continued serving in the Italian Navy after the war and was decommissioned in late 1956, being sold for scrap the next year.

Introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]], the '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' is in its 1942 configuration. The ship's armament is strong, the main armament consisting of ten 320 mm guns with high penetration AP shells, a secondary armament of four 135 mm twin turrets, useful for destroying smaller targets such as destroyers and cruisers, and finally the anti-aircraft armament that in comparison to the [[RN Andrea Doria]] has been greatly enhanced, consisting of ten 90 mm cannons, nineteen 37 mm cannons and finally eight twin 20 mm cannons, provides decent protection from enemy aircraft. Its manoeuvrability and speed is also not bad for a battleship.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|320 mm/44 Ansaldo model 1936 (320 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:320 mm/44 Ansaldo model 1936 (320 mm)/Ammunition|320 mm Granata Perforante, 320 mm APHEBC Palla}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 (135 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 (135 mm)/Ammunition|135 mm HE Dirompente, 135 mm APHEBC Perforante, 135 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|90 mm/50 Ansaldo model 1939 (90 mm)|37 mm/54 Breda Mod.38 (37 mm)|37 mm/54 Breda Mod.39 (37 mm)|20 mm/65 Breda (20 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Turret barbettes are protected by two layers of steel, giving a total of 290+ mm armour thickness. The magazines are also well protected
* Relatively fast and manoeuvrable (compared to previous dreadnoughts)
* Good 5°/sec traverse rate on main turrets
* 320 mm APCBC shell features outstanding ballistic characteristics and high penetration
* Decent AA capability

'''Cons:'''

* Crew compartments are compact and cramped in midship (at second deck level), taking hit will result in heavy crew loss
* 90 mm turrets can easily be taken out by HE splash and rapid lower calibre hits
* 320 mm gun dispersion is high for a large-calibre naval gun
* Low ammo capacity, 65 rounds per gun is not sufficient in a prolonged battle
* Very poor bursting charge for the main calibre AP shells

== History ==

Launched on 24 February 1942, launched on 24 April 1913 and completed and entered service on 10 May 1915, the ship only participated in exercises, later to be rebuilt at the Ansaldo Shipyard in Genoa from 1937 until her return to service on 15 July 1940.

The RN Duilio, also known as the Caio Duilio, is the sister ship of the RN Andrea Doria. Built in the Dreadnought era, the ship did not enter the action in World War I due to Allied naval supremacy in the Mediterranean. What makes this ship special is the refit it underwent in the years between the wars. Due to the lack of other options, the Italians gave the old battleships of the Conte di Cavour class and the Andrea Doria class the most extensive modernisations ever made to any dreadnought, resulting in ships that were almost unrecognisable from before.

She was later rebuilt at the Ansaldo shipyard in Genoa from 1937 until her return to service on 15 July 1940.

The refit for this vessel consisted of Extensive modifications to the hull including a rebuild of the bow and stern, lengthening the ship by almost 11 metres, two propeller shafts removed, the old turbines replaced by new geared turbines, the ageing machinery, powerplant and all 20 old boilers were ripped out and replaced with modern systems and 8 new superheated oil-fired boilers, while the amidships main battery turret was taken out to make way for an entire rearrangement of the machinery and funnels, increasing the maximum speed by about 10km/h. The remaining main guns were bored out an extra 15 mm to allow the guns to fire heavier 320 mm shells, the turrets were retrofitted with electric power and their maximum elevation was increased, the obsolete torpedo tubes were removed, several 37 mm and 20 mm anti-air guns were added, the old casemate 152 mm guns were torn out and replaced with four forward-facing triple 135 mm turrets and several dual-purpose single-gun 90 mm turrets which were placed along the side of the superstructure, which itself was also completely rebuilt, including a new conning tower and modern rangefinding systems. The deck armour was increased to a total of 135 mm and a Pugliese torpedo defence system was installed.

The RN Duilio took part in several activities during WW2, though the ship never got a chance to engage another surface target and arguably the most interesting part of its service life was when it was torpedoed in Taranto by the British. The ship continued serving in the Italian Navy after the war and was decommissioned in late 1956, being sold for scrap the next year.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_battleship_caio_duilio Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos

{{Youtube-gallery|d2u4SDVIf0M|'''RN Duilio - Andrea Doria-Class Battleship''' - ''Cmdr. Tyrael''}}

== See also ==


;[[Duilio (Family)|Related development]]

* [[RN Andrea Doria]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia}}
{{Italy battleships}}

RN Conte di Cavour

2024-06-25T21:11:05Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_battleship_conte_di_cavour
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Conte di Cavour''', lead ship of the [[Conte di Cavour (Family)|Conte di Cavour-class battleships]], was laid down on 10 August 1910, launched on 10 August 1911, and completed and delivered to the Regia Marina on 1 April 1915. On 24 May 1915, she became the flagship of Vice-Admiral Luigi Amedeo di Savoia-Aosta. During WWI, she did not participate in active missions, due to the passive policy adopted by the Italian and Austrian navies, spending 966 hours in exercises and only 40 hours in three bloodless war actions. From 1933 to 1937, she was modernised by the CRDA shipyards in Trieste, retaining only 40% of the original construction; in particular, the amidships turret was removed, while the remaining 305 mm cannons were increased to 320 mm. Additionally, engine power was increased to 93,000 hp.

She re-entered service on 1 June 1937 and was deployed to Taranto where she was at the outbreak of WW2. On 9 July 1940, she took part in the Battle of Punta Stilo, the first battleship engagement between the Regia Marina and the British Mediterranean Fleet. She was partially sunk by a torpedo dropped from a British torpedo bomber during the attack on the naval base of Taranto on the night of 11-12 November 1940. The salvage work lasted until the end of 1941 when she was towed to Trieste for restoration work, but she never returned to service and on 8 September 1943 was abandoned in the port of Trieste. On 10 September 1943, she was captured by the Germans but was abandoned by them and sunk during the bombardment of Trieste on 15 February 1945 by the Allies. She was finally struck off the state naval register on 27 February 1947.

Introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]] in her uncompleted 1943-1944 refit, the main armament of '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' is quite good, able to inflict damage effectively with her SAP shells. When using the AP, remember to target weak points to maximize damage. The secondary armament is also not bad, as the 135 mm cannons can damage battleships and cruisers, and can be effective in sinking destroyers. The anti-aircraft armament consists of 65 mm and 20 mm cannons, perfect for medium and long range targets. Conte di Cavour's survivability and manoeuvrability are both good, for a battleship of her size.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|320 mm/44 OTO model 1934 (320 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:320 mm/44 OTO model 1934 (320 mm)/Ammunition|320 mm Granata Perforante, 320 mm APHEBC Palla}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 (135 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 (135 mm)/Ammunition|135 mm HE Dirompente, 135 mm APHEBC Perforante, 135 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|65 mm/64 Ansaldo-Terni Mod.1939 (65 mm)|20 mm/65 Breda (20 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

=== Devblog History ===
After the London Naval Treaty, Italy decided to strengthen its battle fleet. For external and internal reasons, the creation of a new class was abandoned in favor of the decision to comprehensively modify two existing ships — battleships Conte di Cavour and Giulio Cesare. The Conte di Cavour — the lead ship of the series built in 1911 — was redesigned by 60-70%, with work on the ship completed in 1937. With the outbreak of hostilities of World War II, she took part in the Battle of Calabria. In November she was attacked by Swordfish torpedo aircraft in the port of Taranto and went down from a direct hit from a torpedo to the side. She was raised in July 1941 and after being towed to Trieste, she was not put into service and did not take part in any further battles. In 1943 she was captured by the Germans, and in February 1945 was lost to Allied bombing.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_battleship_conte_di_cavour Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8560-development-rn-conte-di-cavour-a-challenge-for-the-bravest-en|[Devblog] RN Conte di Cavour: A Challenge For The Bravest]]

{{ShipManufacturer La Spezia}}
{{Italy battleships}}

RN Andrea Doria

2024-06-25T21:10:29Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_battleship_andrea_doria
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Andrea Doria''' was the lead ship of the Andrea Doria-class battleships, also referred to as the Duilio-class in Italian sources. The class consisted of the two ships Andrea Doria and [[RN Duilio|Duilio]], also referred to as Caio Duilio. The two ships were improved Conte di Cavour-class battleships and just like them, they shared the same main armament of thirteen 305 mm/46 Model 1909 guns. Secondary armament consisted of sixteen Ansaldo 152 mm/45 Model 1911 cannons and nineteen 76 mm QF-14 pdr Mk.I cannons together with three 450 mm torpedo tubes. Andrea Doria was named after 16th century Genoese admiral. She was launched on 30th March 1913 and completed on 13th March 1916. She saw little action during World War I. During the 1920s, she helped suppress rebels in Fiume and took part in the 1923 Corfu incident. Between 1937 and 1940, Andrea Doria underwent a refit just like her sister Duilio, changing her armament to two triple and two twin OTO 320 mm Model 1934 guns, four triple 135 mm/45 OTO 1937 cannons, ten 90 mm/53 Ansaldo anti-aircraft guns, six twin and three single 37 mm/54 Breda autocannons, and eight twin 20 mm Breda Model 35 autocannons, together with her torpedo tubes being removed. After the refit, Andrea Doria took part in the First Battle of Sirte during which she damaged the British K-class destroyer HMS Kipling with near misses. After the armistice was signed, on 9th September 1943, she sailed to internment at Malta where she remained until 8th June 1944, after which she returned to Taranto on 14th March 1945. After the war, she served as the flagship of the Italian Navy together with her sister Duilio. She was paid off on 16th September 1956 after serving for more than 40 years and broken up for scrap in La Spezia.

The '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' was introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]] as the second dreadnought of the Regia Marina after RN Dante Alighieri. She is in her pre-refit configuration, featuring her original thirteen 305 mm gun configuration without the enhanced anti-air suite. Her armour is also quite weak compared to other battleships she faces. Unlike other ships, she does not possess HE shells in her arsenal. Her SAP shells have issues overpenetrating destroyers and some light cruisers as they require 17 mm of armour to fuze. The same fuze sensitivity is required for her APCBC shell, which also carries only 5.66 kg TNT as opposed to heavier payload of her contemporaries.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}
[[File:RN Andrea Doria Armor.jpg|thumb|Overview of the protection scheme]]

All battleships in this BR range have a relatively comparable armor. Differences rarely if every exceed 20%, and typically are below 10%. That said, Andrea Doria features below-average armor, while having one of the largest crew compliments.

Similarly to other battleships from World War 1, it has a number of crewmen exposed on an external gun mounts, making it easy for any ship armed with HE shells to kill a number of crewmen. Repairing these mounts will crew them back again, making it easy to lose the ship when under a constant HE fire. In order to prevent this, avoid repairing the ship until any of the vital components are damaged.

Shell rooms and auxiliary ammunition storage are protected deep below the waterline and/or multiple components, making it very difficult to destroy, even with a diving shells.

Ship lacks dedicated torpedo defence, but the coal bunkers along with heavy armor will reduce the impact of the hits from the torpedoes with smaller warheads (in particular: aerial torpedoes). Still, a care should be taken to avoid the hits if possible.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|305 mm/46 Vickers model 1909 (305 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:305 mm/46 Vickers model 1909 (305 mm)/Ammunition|305 mm SAP, 305 mm APCBC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|152 mm/45 Schneider model 1911 (152 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:152 mm/45 Schneider model 1911 (152 mm)/Ammunition|152 mm HE Dirompente, 152 mm APHE Perforante, 152 mm APHE Perforante da 152/45-50}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|76 mm/40 Ansaldo mod.1917 (76 mm)|76 mm/45 Schneider mod.1911 (76 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917, Modif.1930 (40 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Whitehead A 110/450 (450 mm)}}

''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Effective secondary armament for light targets
* Effective Main armament for most naval targets
* The 76mm present on top of Main guns has a rapid reload
* Average Speed and manoeuvrability

'''Cons:'''

* Very weak AAs
* Very easily destroyed by other BB and Battlecruisers

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/7842-development-andrea-doria-the-dreadnought-of-the-mediterranean-en|Devblog]] ===
While Italy was ramping up its construction of dreadnought battleships in the early 1910s, the decision was made to construct another two battleships in order to meet its naval rearmament goals. As ships of the Conte di Cavour class were already under construction at the time, shipbuilders decided to base the new class off the design of the former, while only applying some minor changes. This design was completed within six months and construction was ordered in September 1911.

Andrea Doria was laid down in March of 1912 in the Spezia dockyards and was subsequently launched the following year. However, it wouldn't be until 1916 before the warship was considered complete. This was due to numerous delays in the fitting out period, primarily due to difficulties in the supply of the ship's primary battery guns which caused significant delays. Nonetheless, the ship did see completion and officially joined the ranks of the Regia Marina in August 1916.

Despite entering service in the middle of WWI, Andrea Doria didn't see much combat action as the primary adversary - the Austro-Hungarian navy - operated in the Adriatic. However, as the Italian navy deemed the danger of submarines and minelayers for capital ships to be too great in the narrow waters of the Adriatic, most ended up not being deployed for extensive combat operations in that particular theater.

As a result, Andrea Doria survived The Great War without great incident and continued its service into the postwar period. In this time, it helped suppress a rebellion in Fiume and undertook several diplomatic missions to a number of ports in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. In August 1932 however, Andrea Doria was withdrawn from active service and placed in reserve. Starting in 1937 and going into 1940, Andrea Doria underwent a full reconstruction, which drastically changed the warship's visual appearance and combat capabilities.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_battleship_andrea_doria Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;[[Duilio (Family)|Related development]]

* [[RN Duilio]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7842-development-andrea-doria-the-dreadnought-of-the-mediterranean-en|[Devblog] Andrea Doria: The Dreadnought of the Mediterranean]]

{{ShipManufacturer La Spezia}}
{{Italy battleships}}

RN Dante Alighieri

2024-06-25T21:09:57Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_battleship_dante_alighieri
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Dante Alighieri''', launched on 20 August 1910 and entering service on 15 January 1913, was the first Italian dreadnought type battleship to be built. Despite her employment during the First World War, her service was devoid of significant events. In 1913, she embarked King Vittorio Emanuele III in Livorno to go to Castellammare di Stabia to attend the launching of the battleship [[RN Duilio|Duilio]]. During the war, she mainly carried out patrol activities in the southern Adriatic Sea. Her only significant action during the First World War was her presence at the bombardment of the port of Durazzo on 2 October 1918; Admiral Thaon di Revel raised her insignia in protection of the Italian-British task force against retaliatory Austro-Hungarian action.

In 1923, she was refitted: all boilers were converted to run on oil, a new quadruped foremast was installed to replace the original tripod, and the funnels were lengthened to reduce the discharge of combustion smoke onto the deck. In 1925, the ship was equipped to take on board an M.18 reconnaissance seaplane and in 1927, together with the Duilio, she visited the city of Zara. At the end of the 1920s, the distressed state of the Italian economy in the aftermath of the First World War did not allow for the maintenance of a sizeable fleet, and it was therefore decided to reduce the naval budget; consequently, the construction of the Caracciolos was suspended, it was decided to dismantle the battleship Leonardo da Vinci, which had been scheduled for refit after its recovery in the port of Taranto, and to withdraw the battleships Dante Alighieri and [[RN Conte di Cavour|Cavour]] from service. Thus, on 1 July 1928, the ship was laid up, to be decommissioned and dismantled shortly afterwards.

Introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]], the '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' manoeuvrability is not bad for a battleship. The main armament consisting of 305 mm cannons allows you to destroy even heavy and light cruisers in one shot; however, against battleships and battlecruisers, targeting weakpoints in their hulls with APHE will be required to cause them as much damage as possible. The anti-air armament is quite poor, being composed only of two 40 mm cannons. Finally, Dante Alighieri's armour proves capable of resisting both torpedoes and enemy battleships.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

[[File:RN Dante Alighieri Armor.jpg|thumb|Overview of the protection scheme]]
The RN Dante Alighieri has a crew of 970 sailors, which is about average for a dreadnought. As is typical for dreadnoughts, the Dante uses a distributed armour scheme. This simply means that the armour of the vessel is spread across almost the entire hull rather than being concentrated on key compartments. The Dante has a main belt of 250mm, which is below average for a dreadnought and is approaching battlecruiser levels of thickness, however it is backed up by a 50mm turtleback layer and an array of coal bunkers which help halt penetrating shells and limit fragmentation. The entire main deck is covered in a uniform 28mm of armour which, combined with the 32mm lower deck, give a grand total of 60mm of protection against plunging fire. Not great, but is to be expected from an early dreadnought.

The upper belt is 203mm with the casemate guns above having a 100mm layer of armour. This does not give much protection against shells that hit above the main armour belt. The lower armoured deck is placed under the 100mm belt, though the 32mm of protection isn't of much use against an opponent that isn't at extremely close range, and even then you could have some of the more powerful AP shells going through anyway.

The turrets of the ship have similar levels of protection. The turret faces have 250mm, the turret sides and rears have 220mm, the gunshields are 203mm and the main barbettes are 240mm, with the lower barbettes thinning to 120mm. Again, not bad but not great.

The bow of the vessel has a layer of 100mm armour extending all the way around from both forward ends of the main belt, which is backed by a continuation of the 50mm turtleback and the 32mm armour deck, whilst the citadel has a 100mm bulkhead, all together providing decent protection against shells hitting the ship bow on, though can still be penetrated by battleship calibre guns at closer ranges.

The aft of the ship is protected by a 76mm belt, the same 28 and 32mm decks as before, the 50mm turtleback, as well as a 76mm bulkhead on the citadel. There are a lot of layers of armour that a shell might have to go through when hitting the aft of the ship, but none of these layers are particularly thick and many battleships won't have too much difficulty getting past them.

Altogether, the Dante has a level of protection that you could say is somewhere between a battlecruiser and battleship. Whilst not especially heavily protected, the vessel is more than capable of shrugging off cruiser fire and can tank some of the more intermediate battleship shells, though don't expect the ship to last very long while under fire from top tier battleships or battlecruisers.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The RN Dante Alighieri is powered by 12 pairs of engines, which in turn power 4 propellers, generating enough power to bring the ship to a maximum speed of 44 km/h, and 25 km/h in reverse. In typical dreadnought fashion, the acceleration and turning speed are both awful.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|305 mm/46 Armstrong model 1909 (305 mm)}}

The primary armament is composed of 4 triple-gun turrets of 305 mm/46 Armstrong model 1909 cannons, equipped with Semi Armour-Piercing (SAP) and Armour-Piercing (AP) shells.

The SAP shell is the mainstay of the Dante, capable of outputting the most damage of the two shell types and is the better shell for general purpose anti-surface gunfire. The 31kg worth of filler is respectable by battleship standards and the penetration is enough to cleave through cruisers and threaten capital ships that are at close range or have thin armour.

The AP shell is far more specialised. This shell has some of the highest penetration statistics of any naval gun in the game, especially for its calibre, however the bursting charge is puny. With only 5.66kg worth of filler, this shell has the least filler of any battleship shell in the game, less even than the infamously low filler of the Scharnhorst's 283mm guns, and is more comparable with the level of explosive filler found in cruiser guns. What this means is that whilst the shell should be able to get through the vast majority of any armour it comes across, the post penetration damage will be awful and will require the shells to hit in just the right places to be useful in battle.

Both of the shell types have a slightly above average muzzle velocity of 861m/s. Not especially fast, but certainly not slow either.

{{:305 mm/46 Armstrong model 1909 (305 mm)/Ammunition|305 mm SAP, 305 mm APCBC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|120 mm/50 Armstrong model 1909 (120 mm)|76 mm/40 Armstrong mod.1897/1910 (76 mm)}}

Secondary armament is composed of 4 twin-mounted 120 mm/50 Armstrong model 1909 cannons, 12 single 120 mm/50 Armstrong cannons, and 12 x 76 mm/40 Armstrong cannons. The 120 mm are useful for shooting light ships like destroyers and boats, while the 76 mm can help supplement the paltry anti-air weaponry.

{{:120 mm/50 Armstrong model 1909 (120 mm)/Ammunition|120 mm SAP}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|76 mm/40 Armstrong mod.1897/1912 (76 mm)|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917 (40 mm)}}

This ship as anti-aircraft armament has 4 x 76 mm/40 Armstrong cannons and 2 x 40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni. The 40 mm have timed-fuze HE, though their age makes them of dubious quality at best against aircraft. The 76 mm only have AP shells, which is not all that helpful when fighting aircraft.

== Usage in battles ==

Being a dreadnought, the RN Dante Alighieri can cause great damage to both cruisers and destroyers and, while not the heaviest hitter of battleships in this tier, it is still capable of threatening other battleships with its 305 mm cannons. The secondary 120 mm cannons can be of great help in dealing extra damage to cruisers and destroyers while the main guns reload, though their lack of penetration and filler make them ineffective against other capital ships. Whilst the anti-air capabilities are better than usual for a dreadnought, it's still weak enough that most aircraft will be able to get through without much difficulty.

In battle, mainly use the SAP shells because of the vastly greater explosive filler compared to the AP, easily setting enemy ships alight and reducing their crew in a short time. The AP is only really useful against other battleships when the SAP can't get through the armour, or against ships where you know the exact position of their ammo racks and are close enough to aim accurately.

When fighting battleships, aim to keep the ship as angled as possible while still being able to keep all main guns on target, in order to increase the effective thickness of your armour. Whilst you can try zig-zag from side to side to dodge enemy shells, the slow speed of the ship means this is only really feasible at extreme range and even then, it will still mess up your own aiming. A better option is to change your speed from time to time, occasionally slowing down or speeding up. This is a more subtle way of dodging that may be easy for an enemy to not notice until their shots miss, and it keeps your armour fully angled at all times. While still interrupting your aiming, to a degree, it is easier to correct for than if you were to jerk the ship from side to side.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 12 gun broadside
* Very high penetration for the 305mm AP
* Decent survivability and crew size for its BR
* Slightly better AA protection than other WW1 era dreadnoughts
* Above average speed for a dreadnought

'''Cons:'''

* Anti-air still has trouble with most aircraft
* Can only aim a single turret immediately forward or behind
* Below average armour for a dreadnought

== History ==

[[File:Dante-Alighieri-Firing.jpg|thumb|Dante Alighieri during the live-gunnery exercises]]
After the construction of HMS Dreadnought, several nations tried to build similar ships which were then classified as dreadnoughts, because HMS Dreadnought marked the beginning of the first battleships.

The Italian Navy was still engaged in the construction of the [[wikipedia:Italian battleship Vittorio Emanuele|Vittorio Emanuele-class fast battleships]], which was unsuccessful despite being promoted by a senior officer.

The first Italian dreadnought was the Dante Alighieri, launched in 1910 and designed by the Naval Engineer Edoardo Masdea.

This ship demonstrated numerous technical innovations, among which the arrangement of the 12 x 305 mm main cannons in triple turrets. To ensure maximum performance of each system, the turrets were arranged longitudinally; the system of superfiring towers was not adopted because at that time there were doubts about the system that was used by the Americans and British.

In the end, the Dante Alighieri can be considered as a prototype for the development of the following [[Conte di Cavour (Family)|Conte di Cavour]] and [[Duilio (Family)|Duilio]] classes.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_battleship_dante_alighieri Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:RN Dante Alighieri parte 1.png
File:RN Dante Alighieri parte 2.png
File:RN Dante Alighieri parte 3.png
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|6kUe7pdqCC0|'''Best Battleships''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 00:34 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* [[RN Andrea Doria]]
* [[HMS Dreadnought]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7181-development-dante-alighieri-a-poet-goes-to-war-en|[Devblog] Dante Alighieri: A Poet Goes to War]]
* [[wikipedia:Italian battleship Dante Alighieri|<nowiki>[wikipedia]</nowiki> Italian battleship Dante Alighieri]]
* [http://www.agenziabozzo.it/navi_da_guerra/c-navi%20da%20guerra/C-0014_DANTE_ALIGHIERI_1910_corazzata_carica_carbone_Bunkeraggio_1915.htm <nowiki>[Agenzia Bozzo]</nowiki> 014 C. DANTE ALIGHIERI 1910]

{{ShipManufacturer Regio Cantiere di Castellammare di Stabia}}
{{Italy battleships}}

RN Leonardo da Vinci

2024-06-25T21:09:13Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_battleship_leonardo_da_vinci
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The Battleship '''RN Leonardo da Vinci''' was launched in 1911 and commissioned in 1914. The first two years of her career were spent at harbour, due to fears of Austro-Hungarian torpedo attack. In August 1916, she fell victim to an internal explosion due to spontaneous ignition of the main armament propellant charges. The Regia Marina made a decision to recover the wreck, which turned upside down and sunk in the mud at the bottom of the harbour. Refloating wasn't completed until 1919 and righting the ship took until January 1921. The reconstruction of the wreck was estimated to cost 60 million lira - a sum beyond the capabilities of the post-war navy. After numerous attempts to allocate the funding, the Italian Navy finally gave up in 1923 and struck the vessel off the registry, sending the hull to Taranto to be broken up.

Introduced in [[Update "Air Superiority"]], the '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' is by far the weakest of the [[Conte di Cavour (Family)|Conte di Cavour-class]] battleships, lacking the armour and armament of the other vessels in the class. The greatest weakness is its stern ammo racks exposed above the waterline. It has overall good armour for its BR and can be used to aggressively push capture points, but it lacks flexibility to retreat without risking deadly hits in the stern.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|305 mm/46 Armstrong model 1909 (305 mm)}}
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:305 mm/46 Armstrong model 1909 (305 mm)/Ammunition|305 mm SAP, 305 mm APCBC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|120 mm/50 Armstrong model 1909 (120 mm)}}
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:120 mm/50 Armstrong model 1909 (120 mm)/Ammunition|120 mm SAP}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|76 mm/50 Vickers mod.1909 (76 mm)}}
''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Whitehead A 110/450 (450 mm)}}
''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8666-development-premium-battleships-courbet-and-leonardo-da-vinci-en|[Devblog] Premium Battleships Courbet and Leonardo da Vinci]]
* [[wikipedia:Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci|[Wikipedia] Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci]]
* ''Italian Battleships Conte Di Cavour and Duilio Classes 1911-1956'' by Erminio Bagnasco & Augusto de Toro

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy battleships}}
{{Italy premium ships}}

RN Zara

2024-06-25T21:08:38Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_cruiser_zara_class
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Zara''' was laid down on 4 July 1929, and was launched on 27 April 1930. Following the completion of construction, she was formally commissioned on 20 October 1931 for the Regia Marina. She immediately joined the squadron and participated in various naval activities in the Mediterranean. Between 10 June 1940 until her sinking, Zara carried out a total of 9 war missions covering 11,498 miles in 584 hours of motion and consuming 7,843 tons of fuel, she carried out 6 missions to search for the enemy, three for escort and traffic protection. Between 26 and 29 March 1941, RN Zara together with several ships of the 1st Division were surprised by the enemy ships HMS Warspite, HMS Valiant, and HMS Barham, which had already begun firing at Italian ships. Zara was hit by enemy salvos and was pinned down and caught fire, and in total it took only 4 salvos from HMS Warspite to send the RN Zara into such a serious condition that Commander Corsi declared the ship abandoned. After ensuring that the ship could not fall into enemy hands, Zara sank completely at 2:30 on 29 March 1941.

Introduced in [[Update "Raining Fire"]], The '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' is an Italian heavy cruiser with great survivability and manoeuvrability. The cruiser is very well-protected from enemy salvos and torpedoes; in particular, it is very difficult to get ammo racked because the ammo rack is under the waterline of the ship. The manoeuvrability and speed for a heavy cruiser is very effective and can help you dodge enemy salvos, torpedoes, and bombs. While the armament isn't the best because of the long reload of the main 203 mm cannons, they can give quite a punch to an enemy ship. The AA armament present in the ship is perfect against medium and close range targets.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

[[File:RN Zara Armor.jpg|thumb|Overview of the protection scheme]]
Zara breaks from Italian tradition by actually having armour - and has one of the best armour layouts of any heavy cruiser in the game. Zara has 150 mm armour covering the entire citadel of the ship, while most comparable cruisers have 80 mm or less. These unrivaled levels of protection allow the Zara to avoid critical damage to the magazines and engines from destroyer calibre armaments and, when angled, can easily repulse light and heavy cruiser gunfire too. In addition, the magazines are protected by 120 mm thick citadel plates athwartships, which when combined with her enormous bow section, makes her impervious to cruiser gunfire through the bow.

Also of note is Zara's turret armour, as each main turret has a 200 mm thick faceplate, while the sides, rear, and roof are all 150 mm. Having such thick armour, when compared to similar foreign cruisers with a third of the thickness, and especially British/Japanese cruisers with mere 25 mm turret armour, is an enormous blessing, as it means Zara's turrets will almost never be knocked out in combat. The only things capable of destroying the turrets are heavy cruiser AP from close range, battleships, and bombs.

Despite Zara's impressive armour, it should always be noted that no ship is invincible. While critical components are well-protected behind the main belt, the upper belt responsible for protecting the majority of crew compartments is only 30 mm thick, and can easily be chipped away after constant fire, and while the turrets are immensely hard to destroy, the exposed gun barrels will still take damage. Thus, the protection should always be treated as a second line of defense - it's better to not get shot in the first place.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Zara also deviates from the Italian standard by being quite slow - she is only capable of 59 km/h, which is not only 10 km/h slower than the Condottieri-class cruisers Italian captains might be used to, but is even slower than foreign cruisers, which are typically capable of around 60 km/h. However, the loss of 1 km/h over her foreign counterparts isn't world-ending, and Zara can still get around at a reasonable pace. Her rudder and turning circle are unexceptional for similar heavy cruisers.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927 (203 mm)}}

The 203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927 cannons have several advantages and disadvantages over foreign cruisers, generally sacrificing quantity for quality. Her stock HE shell is unexceptional (and somewhat lacklustre compared to foreign heavy cruiser HE in terms of filler), but her researchable APHEBC is one of the best 8" shells in the game. Compared to other ships, Zara's shells have an extremely high velocity (900 m/s), high penetration (only lower than American Mk.21 Heavy AP and German L/4.4 (m.Hb) APBC, which bother have less filler), and is toe to toe with Japan in terms of filler (3.16 kg). This exceptional shell is excellent for detonating the ammunition of enemy ships.

However, Zara also has a significantly lower fire rate than other cruisers, being only capable of 3.8 RPM, falling behind the foreign standard of 5 RPM, and only better than her predecessor Trento (3.4) and American treaty cruisers (3.5). This puts her at a disadvantage when fighting foreign ships, and thus captains must aim with far more precision than other ships would demand to make her perform competitively.

Like other Axis cruisers, she has an HE-TF shell, which given the somewhat poor traverse of her main turrets, means that those shells are mostly for moral support.

It should be noted that her forward turret has a slight quirk - it is slightly obstructed by the railing of the ship when aiming over the side. When aiming closer than 5 km, keep this in mind, as the turret won't be able to hit enemy targets that close, due to the railing preventing the gun from being depressed.

{{:203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927 (203 mm)/Ammunition|203 mm HE Dirompente, 203 mm APHEBC Perforante, 203 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)}}

Like other Italian cruisers, Zara is equipped with 100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 cannons, in three twin mounts per side. These guns are usually very bad at doing their job. While HE shells may help destroy exposed AA mounts of enemy ships, and the AP may do some damage to hull components, the main use of these guns is to defend the ship from air attack, and they do an extremely poor job of that. As with other Axis ships, they do not have access to HE-VT, which when coupled with the poor traverse of the guns, poor fire rate, and small size, they are very inefficient at destroying enemy aircraft.

{{:100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm HE Dirompente, 100 mm APHE Perforante, 100 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|37 mm/54 Breda Mod.32 (37 mm)|Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)}}

When enemy aircraft fail to be downed by the secondaries, it will become the task of the light AA guns to finish the job - and they will likely fail too. Zara's medium calibre AA is comprised of two twin 37mm/54 Breda Mod.32 autocannons on each side of the rear funnel. These autocannons are reasonably effective, but their restrictive mounting position and the fact that only four barrels can be brought to bear at a time severely limits their ability. They are supplemented by four twin 13.2 mm Breda Model 31 machine guns, two on the forward superstructure, and two just in front of the rear funnels. While they help cover some of the 37 mms' blindspots, they don't deal enough damage to stop planes in a sufficient amount of time, and typically planes will not be shot down before they drop their ordnance.

Despite these issues, the lack of AA mounts does help in surface combat, as it means there are less exposed mounts that will be destroyed by hits from high explosive shells.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Just like the Trento, Zara also has a bow mounted catapult serving an IMAM Ro.43, which is tucked in front of the A turret elevator. The two-seater Ro.43 is the standard aircraft on Italian cruisers, and provides the Zara with a good utility tool. Compared to foreign floatplanes, the Ro.43 is quite nimble, but carries no bombs, and is only armed with light machine guns for the pilot and rear-seat gunner. The floatplane can be used to take capture points, provide reconnaissance, or lay down a smoke screen, which thanks to the catapult's location launching the plane in front of the ship, is easy to do.

== Usage in battles ==

RN Zara is an extremely tough heavy cruiser, with strong ammunition choices.:

* '''HE''' perfect for igniting or disabling the cannons of enemy ships.
* '''APHEBC''' perfect for destroying enemy ships by detonation of their hold.
* '''HE-TF''' useful for destroying enemy air targets.

When you start using the RN Zara, you will find that it can survive significant damage from other enemy ships (except from hits from battleships that can easily destroy any cruiser). Use this advantage to win duels, but as always, be cautious to not overextend, as no ship is immortal.

When you just spawn in the game look at where the enemies are spawned and angle according to the shots they are firing at you, and of course return fire, remember that you have little dispersion until 8,000 m while if you fire beyond 8 km you will have a hard time hitting enemy ships because it greatly increases the dispersion of the guns.

Always try to aim with HE above the enemy ship, while with APHEBC shells, prioritize hitting magazines, so you can destroy the enemy with one salvo. Thus, it is always good to be aware of the characteristics of the ships you fight. Remember that your ship has good speed and manoeuvrability which gives you the ability to dodge torpedoes and enemy salvoes.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* One scout seaplane
* Exceptional armour protection and effective armour when ship is angled
** Extremely thick belt and turret armour
* Excellent firepower
* Lack of exposed AA mounts - less vulnerable to HE
* Reasonable speed (59 km/h)
* Solid crew count
* Excellent gun arcs

'''Cons:'''

* Does not have access to torpedo armament
* The AA armament is inefficient at long range
* Significant shell dispersion at long ranges
* No anti-torpedo belt
* Poor fire rate

== History ==

''Zara'' was the lead ship of the ''Zara'' class, a group of four heavy cruisers built for the Italian Regia Marina in the 1930s. Designed with a sophisticated armament, good survivability, and competitive speed, she was among the most advanced heavy cruisers in service at the time of her introduction. However, her standard displacement of 11,700 tons exceeded the limits of the Washington Naval Treaty significantly; her nominal weight was just slightly under the 10,000 ton limit, allowing her to be built. ''Zara'' saw some service before the Second World War, including in the Spanish Civil War. Following the outbreak of war, she was present at the Raid on Taranto, and survived unscathed. However, she eventually met her demise at the Battle of Cape Matapan, where she was engaged at close range by three Royal Navy battleships.

=== Design and construction ===
[[File:Italian Cruiser Zara.jpg|thumb|Italian heavy cruiser Zara.]]
While the ''[[Trento]]''-class heavy cruisers were under construction, the Italian naval command began doubting their effectiveness. They soon put forward a new cruiser design, trading the ''[[Trento]]''<nowiki/>'s high speed for additional armour protection. The finished design weighed over 11,500 tons standard,<ref name=":0">Chen, C. (2007)</ref> which was far above the limits set out by the Washington naval treaty. However, her nominal weight was below the limitations of the Treaty. ''Zara'' was armed with eight 8-inch (203 mm) guns in four twin-turrets - these weapons were among the most advanced of their time.<ref name=":0" /> She also carried sixteen 4-inch (100 mm) guns in eight double mounts, as well as decent anti-aircraft weapons.<ref name=":0" /> As a pure gunship design, the ''Zara''s did not carry any torpedo armament; they were capable of making 33 knots (61 km/h).<ref name=":0" />

''Zara'' was laid down on July 4th, 1929, and was launched on April 27th 1930. Following the completion of construction, she was formally commissioned on October 20th 1931.<ref name=":0" />

=== Service History ===
Following her completion, ''Zara'' sailed on sea trials which proved her to be a stable, effective warship. She received her battle flag from her namesake city in Croatia (now Zadar), and became the flagship of the First Naval Squadron. Throughout the interwar period, she was present at several fleet reviews, seeing guests such as Mussolini, King Victor Emmanuel III, Prince Umberto, Miklos Horthy of Hungary, German Marshal Werner von Bloomberg, and Hitler. She also participated in the Spanish Civil War, helping intercept a Republican squadron, and participated in the Italian invasion of Albania without incident.<ref name=":1">Military Factory. (2017)</ref>

After Italy declared war on the Allied nations, ''Zara'' was the flagship of the 1st Division of the 1st Squadron, fighting alongside her sisters ''Fiume'' and ''Gorizia''. She participated in several battles including the Battle of Calabria, taking no damage. She also participated in several sorties to interdict British convoys, although none were successful. She then sailed back to the port of Taranto, and was present at the infamous British raid on the port on November 11-12.<ref name=":1" /> She survived the raid without damage. After the Italian fleet dispersed, ''Zara'' received light maintenance in La Spezia, and was back in service by December. In February, ''Gorizia'' departed the Division for maintenance, and was replaced by ''Pola'', the fourth ''Zara''-class cruiser.

In March of 1941, Zara was part of an Italian task force responsible for attacking British convoys, leading to the Battle of Cape Matapan; however, the Italian fleet came under air attack from British carrier aircraft - ''Vittorio Veneto'', the only battleship in the fleet, was damaged, and ''Zara''<nowiki/>'s sister ship ''Pola'' was damaged by a torpedo. ''Pola'', without engine power due to the torpedo hit, was immobilized, and fell behind in the Italian retreat. Assuming that the British would not give chase, ''Zara'', ''Fiume'', and their escorting destroyers returned to aid ''Pola'' that night, unaware that the British fleet had already found ''Pola''. The Italian ships, lacking radar and unable to detect the danger, blundered directly into the British battle line consisting of three battleships and numerous cruisers and destroyers, and within minutes, ''Zara'' and ''Fiume'' were sunk with enormous loss of life.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== [[wt:en/news/6834-development-zara-raising-the-bar-en|Devblog]] ===
While the Trento-class cruisers were being laid down, more and more voices within the ranks of the Regia Marina raised concerns regarding the Trento class' overly lightweight protection, questioning their effectiveness in combat. As a result, naval command issued an order to Italian shipbuilders to come up with a more balanced design, while adhering to the 10,000 ton displacement limit imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty.

It didn't take long for the shipbuilders to come to the conclusion that matching the navy's requirements with treaty restrictions was an impossible task. As a result, the Regia Marina altered its requirements slightly while simultaneously granting its shipbuilders permission to exceed limitations if it meant the construction of a capable warship. Thus, the Zara-class heavy cruisers came into being, featuring vastly improved protection over the Trentos, equal firepower and at the cost of only slightly reduced mobility.

The lead ship of the class, Zara, was laid down in July 1929. All four ships of the class saw completion by late 1932 and subsequently entered service with the Italian Navy. In the interwar period, Zara-class cruisers took part in naval exercises and several fleet reviews, held for foreign leaders. During the Spanish Civil War, Zara-class cruisers participated in non-intervention patrols and evacuations of Italian nationals from the region.

In the leadup toward the outbreak of WWII, Zara, Gorizia and Pola supported the Italian invasion of Albania in April 1939. In subsequent actions following the outbreak of the war, Zara-class cruisers often clashed with forces of the Royal Navy in Mediterranean, taking part in intense naval engagements.

However, while being fortunate enough to emerge from the Battle of Taranto in November 1940 unscathed, the class' luck only went so far. As part of an Italian operation to intercept Allied shipping, Zara, Pola and Fiume, along with a host of other Italian warships were engaged by British forces in the Battle of Cape Matapan in late March 1941, which would prove itself as fateful for the class.

During the engagement, all three of the participating Zara-class cruisers were sunk by the British fleet in a night battle, leaving Gorizia as the sole survivor of the class to see the end of the war, albeit heavily damaged while in port at La Spezia.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_cruiser_zara_class Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Zara Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:Zara WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Zara WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Zara WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Zara WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Zara WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Zara WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:Zara WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
File:Zara WTWallpaper 008.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6834-development-zara-raising-the-bar-en|[Devblog] Zara: Raising the Bar]]

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Chen, C. (2007, December). Heavy Cruiser Zara. Retrieved November 19, 2020, from <nowiki>https://ww2db.com/ship_spec.php?ship_id=403</nowiki>
* Staff Writer. (2017, October 7). Zara Heavy Cruiser Warship. Retrieved November 19, 2020, from <nowiki>https://www.militaryfactory.com/ships/detail.asp?ship_id=zara-heavy-cruiser-warship</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy heavy cruisers}}

RN Duca degli Abruzzi

2024-06-25T21:08:08Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_cruiser_garibaldi_class_abruzzi
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Luigi di Savoia Duca degli Abruzzi''' was the first ship of the [[Condottieri_(Family)#Duca degli Abruzzi-class|Duca degli Abruzzi-subclass]] of Condottieri cruisers, commissioned 1 December 1937. During World War 2, she saw naval combat only once, in the Battle of Punta Stilo, where she engaged British 7th Cruiser Squadron without scoring any hits. In November 1941, she had her stern blown off by a torpedo from a British aircraft based on Malta, which was later repaired. After the Armistice, she surrendered at Malta and served as an anti-blockade-runner, patrolling the central Atlantic from Freetown in Sierra Leone. After the end of World War 2, she underwent three refits - in 1947, 1951-53, and 1955 - serving in the Italian navy until 1961.

The most advanced of the Italian Condottieri-class cruisers, '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' was introduced in [[Update "Apex Predators"]]. She's in a higher BR than the previous vessels of the class, making her fight against much more challenging opponents, as a result she struggles to deal with opponents due to a small explosive filler, low rate of fire, and insufficient armour to deal with enemy vessels. She's best used to support friendlies with torpedoes and picking off the weakest targets in the enemy team to avoid attention from the most challenging opponents.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

[[File:RN Duca degli Abruzzi Armor.jpg|thumb|Overview of the protection scheme]]
''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|152/55 mm Ansaldo Mod.1934 (152 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:152/55 mm Ansaldo Mod.1934 (152 mm)/Ammunition|152 mm HE Dirompente, 152 mm APHEBC Palla, 152 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm HE Dirompente, 100 mm APHE Perforante, 100 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|37 mm/54 Breda Mod.38 (37 mm)|20 mm/65 Breda (20 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|B TG depth charge|S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo M (533 mm)}}

''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Heavier armour and higher crew count than previous Italian light cruisers
* Receives a slightly improved AP shell compared to previous Italian light cruisers
* 2 more guns than previous Italian light cruisers

'''Cons:'''

* The guns have a lower RoF than those of previous Italian light cruisers(but the total broadside remains comparable due to the increase in barrel count)
* Somewhat lackluster AA armament
* No scout aircraft
* Slower max speed compared to previous Italian light cruisers

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/8020-development-duca-degli-abruzzi-ultimate-freelancer-en|Devblog]] ===
During the early 1930s, the Regia Marina defined requirements for a new light cruiser whose capabilities should allow it to effectively face off even heavy cruisers thanks to improved combat characteristics. To achieve this, Italian shipbuilders opted for increasing the new design's firepower and giving it a revised armour scheme at the expense of some mobility. Once the design was drawn up, an order for the construction of two ships - Luigi di Savoia duca degli Abruzzi and Giuseppe Garibaldi - was issued with both being laid down in 1933.

The construction of both vessels progressed slowly as parallel developments and tests of other warships constantly led to revisions and modifications of their design. Nonetheless, both vessels were simultaneously completed and commissioned into service in December 1937. During WWII, both vessels served as part of the VII Cruiser Division, taking part in only one major naval battle during the war - the Battle of Punta Stilo in July 1940 - in which the ships exchanged fire with Royal Navy cruisers. For the remainder of the war, the ships would only assist in secondary tasks such as escorting convoys, as they were considered too valuable to be potentially lost due to their advanced design. In July 1941, both ships suffered torpedo strikes on two separate occasions yet managed to return to port under their own power.

After the Italian Armistice in 1943, both vessels fought side by side with the Allied forces as part of several missions. Surviving WWII, Duca degli Abruzzi and Giuseppe Garibaldi would both serve on with the Italian postwar Navy for decades to come thanks to extensive modernizations during the 1950s. While Duca degli Abruzzi would ultimately be decommissioned in 1961, Giuseppe Garibaldi would go on to serve until 1971 before being retired from active service.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_cruiser_garibaldi_class_abruzzi Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8020-development-duca-degli-abruzzi-ultimate-freelancer-en|[Devblog] Duca degli Abruzzi: Ultimate Freelancer]]
* [[wikipedia:Italian cruiser Luigi di Savoia Duca degli Abruzzi|[Wikipedia] Italian cruiser Luigi di Savoia Duca degli Abruzzi]]
* ''Struggle for the Middle Sea. The Great Navies at War in the Mediterranean Theater, 1940-1945'' by Vincent P. O'Hara

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy light cruisers}}

RN Bolzano

2024-06-25T21:07:27Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_cruiser_bolzano
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Bolzano''', laid down on 11 June 1930, launched on 31 August 1932, completed and delivered on 19 August 1933, was a heavy cruiser based on the hull of the [[Trento (Family)|Trento class]]. RN Bolzano had several modifications and was practically a mixture of the [[Zara (Family)|Zara]] and Trento classes, featuring the powerplants and [[203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927 (203 mm)|203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927]] cannons of the Zara class with reduced protection on the main turrets, improved watertighting compartmentation compared to the Trento class, and other minor modifications. However, she proved to be weaker than the Zara class and therefore an almost useless upgrade. Upon entering service, RN Bolzano joined the naval forces deployed in the Mediterranean. During World War II, she participated in the Battle of Punta Stilo, in the interception of Allied ships involved in the British Operation Mincemeat, and in the Battle of Mid-August, during which she was severely damaged by a torpedo from the submarine HMS Unbroken. She would remain in the port of La Spezia and be abandoned after the armistice. On 22 June 1944, she was attacked by British and Italian assault craft, and only in April 1945 was she found, sunk and capsized by the American 5th Army and the first Italian Co-Belligerent units. She was later recovered and scrapped in 1949.

Introduced in [[Update "Alpha Strike"]], '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' mixes features from [[RN Trento]] and [[RN Zara]]. The main armament is improved thanks to Zara's 203 mm cannons with a better reload, but the anti-air armament and armour protection remain mediocre. She has good manoeuvrability and speed, so it is recommended to play around hard cover such as islands to maximise survivability.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927 (203 mm)}}
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927 (203 mm)/Ammunition|203 mm HE Dirompente, 203 mm APHEBC Perforante, 203 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)}}
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm HE Dirompente, 100 mm APHE Perforante, 100 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917, Modif.1930 (40 mm)|37 mm/54 Breda Mod.32 (37 mm)|Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)}}
''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo I (533 mm)}}
''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== [[wt:en/news/8824-development-rn-bolzano-the-last-stand-en|Devblog]] ===
Bolzano was ordered in the late 1920s as part of a larger Italian naval rearmament program. Unlike the Trento and Zara classes however, Bolzano represented a one-off construction combining design aspects of both the older Trento as well as the more advanced Zara class. After its commissioning in 1933, Bolzano had a rather uneventful initial interwar service. Throughout World War II however, Bolzano played a significant role in various naval engagements, including the Battle of Calabria and the Battle of Cape Spartivento. During these engagements, Bolzano's design proved its worth after surviving deadly torpedo attacks on several occasions. In 1943 however, with Italy's surrender looming and the threat of German occupation imminent, Bolzano was scuttled by her own crew in the port of La Spezia to prevent her capture.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8824-development-rn-bolzano-the-last-stand-en|[Devblog] RN Bolzano: The Last Stand]]

{{ShipManufacturer Ansaldo}}
{{Italy heavy cruisers}}

RN Eugenio di Savoia

2024-06-25T21:07:04Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_cruiser_eugenio_di_savoia
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Eugenio di Savoia''' was the second ship of [[Condottieri_(Family)#Duca D'Aosta-class|Duca D'Aosta-subclass]] of Condottieri cruisers. Launched in 1935, she began her career with a minor participation in the Spanish Civil War. The beginning of WW2 caught her as a part of the VII Cruiser Division stationed in La Spezia. During the war, she participated in the Battle of Punta Stilo, naval bombardment of the Greek-controlled island of Corfu, Battle of mid-June (where she contributed to the sinking of destroyer HMS Bedouin), and the Battle of mid-August. In December 1942, she was hit by a [[B-24|B-24 Liberator]]. In January 1943, she shot down two allied bombers. Following the Italian armistice, she was interned in Egypt and after the war she was ceded to Greece as part of war reparations.

Introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]], The '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' has improved armour protection compared to her predecessor, the [[RN Raimondo Montecuccoli|Raimondo Montecuccoli]], while still maintaining the same armament and speed. She's a versatile cruiser able to deal with the majority of threats, but her true strength is in chasing down enemy destroyers.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

[[File:RN-Eugenio-di-Savoia-Armor.jpg|thumb|right|Overview of the protection scheme]]
The ship enjoys one of the better armour schemes among the light cruisers.

Its shells and magazines are divided into two separate rooms, both located below the waterline, with inert shells being closer to the surface and explosive magazines located deeper underwater. Unlike some other light cruisers, such as those of the Japanese navy, the ship does not store ready-to-use ammunition above the waterline, making it less susceptible to ammunition explosions.

The ship's armour includes three layers of protection: external bulges, internal citadel armour, and fuel tanks that further reduce casualties from centre-mass hits. This armour scheme allows the ship to survive multiple torpedo hits in the centre of mass, although the underwater magazines are still vulnerable to explosions from nearby torpedo impacts.

The ship's [[152/53 mm O.T.O. Mod.1929 (152 mm)|152 mm O.T.O. Mod.1929]] turrets have uparmoured faces with 90 mm RHA armour, which is superior to that of most foreign light cruisers at its battle rating or lower, and is surpassed only by the late-war US light cruisers with [[6 inch/47 Mk.16 (152 mm)|Mk.16 triple turrets]] in a higher battle rating.

This armour scheme makes Eugenio di Savoia a relatively resilient ship compared to its peers, despite having a relatively small crew count. The ship has excellent protection against destroyers at close range, but struggles against high-calibre {{Annotation|SAP|Semi-armour-piercing}} and {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}} shells commonly found on heavy cruisers in its battle rating range.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

With an increase in armour comparing to [[RN Raimondo Montecuccoli|its predecessor]] comes a decrease in mobility. In real terms though, both ships are extremely capable, the slight decrease in the maximum speed doesn't have any real effect on the battlefield, and the manoeuvrability is still sufficient to avoid torpedoes after they are spotted. Comparing to the equivalents from other nations its still both: quicker and more agile, besting even the Japanese [[Agano]].

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}
After unlocking Tools and Fire Protection System go for the 152 mm APHEBC Palla shell - it unlocks the true killing potential of this cruiser, turning it from just a destroyer hunter, into a warship that can deal with enemy cruisers. Following that there are two routes: Either going an offensive route - unlocking the three Targeting upgrades - or going the defensive route, unlocking Rudder Replacement as a third tier II upgrade, then Shrapnel Protection into Ventilation. Also the 100 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea shells can be worth consideration as the third tier III upgrade.

Tier IV offers a number of key upgrades: Engine Maintenance gives a huge improvement in mobility. Ammo Wetting prevents these ammo explosions from fires onboard. Torpedo Mode finally makes torpedoes usable on a regular basis (an upgrade especially beneficial in the arcade mode). And finally, the [[Shipboard reconnaissance aircraft|Hydroplane]] enables you to quickly capture the points, which improves the win-rate and allows for easier completion of some of the [[Daily missions#Battle tasks|Daily and Special tasks]].

There are several modifications that can be left for last, notably: Dry-Docking and Propeller Replacement take a secondary role, as the ship already enjoys a good mobility, while there are more impactful upgrades in the respective tiers. Smokescreen generally has a limited use on light cruisers unless they are used in a higher BR matches. 100 mm APHE brings little value with the low number of secondaries and poor AI accuracy while the primaries have a short reload time. Improved Rangefinder has a limited benefit even in the Realistic battles and is nearly totally useless in Arcade. And finally Bomb mortar - if other upgrades listed here are situational - this brings situational to the whole new level, and generally should be unlocked only as the very last modification on the ship.

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|152/53 mm O.T.O. Mod.1929 (152 mm)}}

Firing 8-shell 152mm broadside puts Eugenio di Savoia in an obvious disadvantage against most of its peers, and without a high rate of fire its sustained damage output per minute is not impressive either. Looking at the most extreme: [[Kirov]] can output nearly triple the HE-equivalent using respective ships default shells.

Default HE shells are great against destroyers and other weakly or unarmoured targets, but having a relatively low explosive filler, they fail to consistently ignite enemy warships on fire. APHEBC Palla shells on the other hand are great at causing enemy magazines to explode, as the ballistic cap makes these shells perform exceptionally well against angled armour, and thus - penetrating deep into the hull even at extreme ranges. HE-TF are your typical anti-air shells, they can be relatively useful thanks to the turrets vertical guidance of up to +45° and a high shell velocity 935 m/s.

{{:152/53 mm O.T.O. Mod.1929 (152 mm)/Ammunition|152 mm HE Dirompente, 152 mm APHEBC Palla, 152 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)}}

With just three dual-mount secondaries these guns play primarily a long-range anti-air role. Vertical guidance of +80° with 850 m/s muzzle velocity makes these guns able to harass enemy planes both: at a long range or a shorter distance, but a high altitude. Guns have a good coverage, with at least two turrets always being able to launch shells every 6.25 second.

Where these guns fail is the anti-ship and anti-boat role, as there's simply too few of them with a too poor firing arcs to effectively counter naval targets. For a rapid anti-boat duty switching to anti-air armament (default <kbd>Alt+3</kbd> on PC) can be a better option except for the rear-most arc, where the 37 mm cannons cannot reach and two or even all three 100 mm turrets are available.

{{:100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm HE Dirompente, 100 mm APHE Perforante, 100 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|37 mm/54 Breda Mod.32 (37 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon 3S (20 mm)}}

While far from the best, Eugenio di Savoia enjoys a considerable anti-air capability, with cannons often being able to destroy enemy bombers before they even drop the bombs (which doesn't stop them dropping the deadly payload post-mortem). Just as with most of the ships, it's best to align perpendicularly to the incoming medium or high-altitude bombers, offering the most guns on target, while being the smallest target for the falling bombs. On the other hand, against torpedo bombers it's best to go in parallel, exposing it either to three 100 mm turrets and added 20 mm Oerlikons in the rear, or four 37mm Bredas in frontal arc.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|B TG depth charge|S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo M (533 mm)}}

The RN Eugenio di Savoia carries 6 torpedoes, 3 on either side of the ship with a very wide firing angle. In the Arcade mode torpedoes from both sides have to be dropped for a reload to occur, which means you're often best to dump the torpedoes without a target. In For realistic mode cruiser doesn't carry any reload.

Torpedoes themselves are situational, with an extremely short range of 4 km being the key limiting factor. Italian designers opted for a much higher speed in exchange for range, and thus Tipo M enjoys exceptional 93 km/h speed while maintaining a relatively large and potent warhead. Torpedo Mode turns it into a respectable 12 km range at 83 km/h, which makes it one of the best torpedoes in the game.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships is a catapult with one Ro.43 scout plane which provides unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. The Ro.43 is a 2 seater equipped with two fixed offensive light machine guns and a single defensive machine gun turret, but no bombs. It does have the scout plane ability to cap zones and lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilize the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new!

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:RN-Eugenio-di-Savoia-A-cap-on-MediterraneanPort.jpg|thumb|right|When pushing the cap point near enemy [[:Category:Boats|boat]] spawn it's worth to manually aim your potent, quick-firing AA guns (using "Select anti-aircraft weapons", default <kbd>Alt+3</kbd> on PC) and if a boat drops torpedoes - it's best to take the impact directly into the bow, which will negate most of the damage]]
Stock Eugenio di Savoia shows its roots as a destroyer-hunter, being unable to counter heavier threats, while enjoying a relative immunity to the low-calibre shells. With an addition of APHEBC it becomes a very respectable light cruiser, being able to counter its equivalents from other nations as well as harassing heavier warships. Finally the Torpedo Mode gives a real potential for surprise attacks against Heavy Cruisers and larger warships, especially in the Arcade mode, where the ship hugely benefits from an infinite reload of the torpedoes.

A good mobility and protection make this ship a great tool for pushing cap points and asserting dominance in the area. Typically for a light cruiser, positioning is still the key though - while its good high speed allows for a relatively prompt relocation once enemy has an overwhelming firepower, it's still best to foresee enemy movement - in particular Heavy Cruisers - and simply give them space while allies inflict damage. No ship can survive being focused down by the enemies, so care should be taken to avoid positioning oneself into such a situation.

=== Pros and cons ===

It's a true multi-role cruiser, being able to manage all kinds of threats. It's not exceptional in any way, but it doesn't have any huge weakness either. In relation to the other Light Cruisers, on the Mobility - Security - Firepower triangle it's trending towards lower firepower for a better survivability and mobility.

'''Pros:'''

* Thick belt and turret armour
* High top speed
* Effective anti-aircraft armament
* Heavily armoured conning tower/bridge
* Fast torpedoes (without torpedo mode installed)
* One scout seaplane

'''Cons:'''

* Very small explosive filler in the main gun AP shell
* Below average explosive filler in the main gun HE shell
* Only two propeller shafts
* Very short ranged torpedoes without torpedo mode installed

== History ==

[[File:Eugenio di Savoia motto.jpg|thumb|Ship's motto visible on the aft-most turret.]]
The [[Condottieri (Family)|Condottieri-class cruiser]] Eugenio di Savoia was the second vessel in the fourth sub-class of its class. It featured improved armour and machinery compared to her predecessor, the Raimondo Montecuccoli. The ship was named after [[wikipedia:Prince Eugene of Savoy|Prince Eugene of Savoy]], whose motto "''Ubi Sabaudia ibi Victoria''" ("''Where there is (Eugene of) Savoy, there is Victory''") was inscribed on the sides of turret number 4.

It was constructed by Ansaldo in Genoa, being laid down on July 6, 1933, launched on March 16, 1935, and commissioned on January 16, 1936. The Eugenio di Savoia saw her first combat action during the Spanish Civil War on February 13, 1937, and later undertook a global circumnavigation with its sister ship, the Duca d'Aosta, from 1938 to March 1939. During World War II, the cruiser participated in the [[wikipedia:Battle of Calabria|Battle of Punta Stilo]], the [[wikipedia:Operation Harpoon (1942)|Battle of mid-June]], and the [[wikipedia:Operation Pedestal|Battle of mid-August]]. In the latter engagement, it damaged the [[Tribal (Family)|Tribal-class destroyer]] HMS Bedouin near [[wikipedia:Pantelleria|Pantelleria]] island. On December 4, 1942, the Eugene of Savoy was struck by a [[B-24|Liberator]] bomber, resulting in 17 deaths and 46 injuries. Repairs took 40 days, and upon its return to service in January 1943, the cruiser's anti-aircraft batteries shoot down two unidentified allied bombers.

After Italy's armistice with the Allies on [[wikipedia:Armistice of Cassibile|3 September 1943]], she sailed to Malta and then on to Alexandria, Egypt, where she was interned with her crew. Up to that point, the ship had completed 25 war missions and sailed 25,000 nautical miles.

In October 1943, she returned to service with the Allies and served as a target for training missions for new pilots near Suez. In February 1944, she was ordered to return to [[wikipedia:Taranto|Taranto]], Italy in order to transport the crews of the Regia Marina back to Italy. However, on the way, the ship struck a mine near Punta Stilo on the southwest coast of Italy. She was able to reach Taranto on her own power but remained in the harbor until the end of the war.

Post-war repairs and refitting were not completed until 26 June 1951, at which point the Eugenio di Savoia was ceded to Greece as part of war reparations.

=== Greek service ===
Renamed C-24 Έλλη II (C-24 Elli II), with her [[wikipedia:Ensign|ensign]] hoisted in June 1951, she became the headquarters of the Chief of the Greek Fleet and effectively the flagship of the newly formed Hellenic Navy. In June 1952, she carried the Greek king, Paul of Greece, on a visit to Istanbul. From 1959 to 1965, she served as the flagship of the Ionian Fleet stationed in Suda, Crete, however she rarely set sail, citing high costs for the young navy.

In 1965, the C-24 Έλλη II was decommissioned from the fleet after 14 years of service in the Hellenic Navy and 29 years of history. Her final chapter was infamous, as she was turned into a prison ship by the [[wikipedia:Greek junta|Greek junta]] and used to imprison members of the navy who opposed the dictatorship until the [[wikipedia:Greek junta#Ioannidis coup and regime|1973 coup]]. She was eventually sold for scrap.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_cruiser_eugenio_di_savoia Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery
|kMitXbnJb5A|'''Incrociatore Eugenio di Savoia - 1940 - Lancio di aereo da catapulta''' - ''silvan500''<br>Archival film of Eugenio di Savoia launching its [[Ro.43]].
|jx11FJDLHmU|'''Cerimonia del varo dell'incrociatore "Eugenio di Savoia"alla presenza del Duca di Ancona''' - ''Archivio Luce Cinecittà''<br>Archival film the [[wikipedia:Ceremonial ship launching|ceremonial ship launching]] of the Eugenio di Savoia. Film dated 1935-03-20.
}}

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Italian cruiser Eugenio di Savoia|<nowiki>[Wikipedia]</nowiki> Italian cruiser Eugenio di Savoia]]
* [https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/wwii/wwii-europe/italian-campaign/italian-ships/italian-light-cruiser-eugenio-di-savoia.html <nowiki>[National Museum of the U.S. Navy]</nowiki> Eugenio di Savoia, Italian Light Cruiser, 1936-43]
* [https://patrimonio.archivioluce.com/luce-web/search/result.html?temi=%22Incrociatore%20Eugenio%20di%20Savoia%22&activeFilter=temi <nowiki>[Archivio Luce] Tag: Incrociatore Eugenio di Savoia (eng.: Cruiser Eugenio di Savoia)</nowiki>]

{{ShipManufacturer Ansaldo}}
{{Italy light cruisers}}

RN Pola

2024-06-25T21:06:07Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_cruiser_zara_class_pola
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Pola''' was the last heavy cruiser of the [[Zara (Family)|Zara class]] to be built. She was laid down on 17 March 1931, launched on 5 December 1931, completed and commissioned on 21 December 1932, and placed in the 1°Squadra Navale of the 1°Divisione. Between 1936-1937, she participated in operations. On 10 June 1940, the RN Pola was made flagship of 2°Squadra. She participated in the battles of Punta Stilo and Capo Teulada. In 1941, she carried out a raid south of Crete. During her return to Italy, she was attacked by British aircraft and sank on 29th March 1941 at 3:00 a.m., at 35° 15' N, 21° E.

Introduced in [[Update "Hot Tracks"]], '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' is an excellent ship for researching the Italian bluewater tree. She is the premium version of the RN Zara, but in comparison has a more protected citadel due to the position of the citadel further down in the hull. The main armament is quite good and allows you to destroy enemy ships directly from their hold; however, due to the minimal explosive mass of the AP shells, experience in naval battles will be required to use them effectively against enemy weakpoints. The secondary armament and anti-aircraft are perfect for knocking out small naval targets and aircraft from medium and close ranges. The ship's manoeuvrability and speed allows you to dodge enemy shots and torpedoes, and she also proves to have excellent survivability against enemy cruisers, though you will still have to be careful of enemy battleships because thanks to their large calibre cannons.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

[[File:RN Pola Armor.jpg|thumb|Overview of the protection scheme]]
The Pola (along with her sister ship [[RN Zara|Zara]]) is one of the most heavily armoured cruisers in the game. When angled, her thick 150 mm main belt can shrug off anything short of battleship shells from medium to long range. Her engines and magazines are also protected by a 20 mm upper deck and 70 mm lower deck plate, the thickest of any cruiser in the game. The bow and stern ends of the citadel are protected by 120 mm plating, which is thicker than the belt armour on many other cruisers. The large bow also acts as spaced armour against torpedoes and during head-on engagements, thanks to the plane hangar and catapult.

The main gun turrets, sporting 203 mm faces and 150 mm elsewhere, are virtually immune to HE shells and quite resistant to cruiser SAP shells. The barbettes are also protected by 140-150 mm plates. The bridge is protected all-around by 150 mm thick armour and is a small target, making it very difficult to hit and disable. The steering gear is also protected by 20 mm plating.

Furthermore, the Pola also has a very large crew complement, especially compared to Allied and Japanese heavy cruisers, which further enhances her survivability. It is important to note that the ship has only two propeller shafts (most other cruisers have four), so losing one shaft will dramatically cripple the ship's mobility.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Despite being a heavy cruiser, the Pola possesses great mobility for her class. The ship can accelerate and decelerate quickly, has a quick and responsive rudder, and a decent forward and great reverse speed. Albeit due to the low amount of shafts she has, the Pola runs the risk of losing half of her mobility output if one of them is disabled.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927 (203 mm)}}

The Pola is armed with eight 203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927 guns, distributed in four twin turrets, two in the bow and two in the stern. The guns have a relatively low rate-of-fire of only 3.8 rounds per minute, which is only slightly faster than the rate-of-fire of the American heavy cruisers. They can fire HE, AP, and HE-TF shells. These shells have a fairly high muzzle velocity (900 m/s) and good ballistics, resulting in relatively short shell travel times and fairly high penetration for the AP shell. Unfortunately, they also all have the lowest explosive fillers compared to those of other similar 203 mm guns, with only 7.5 kg of TNT for the HE/HE-DF shells, and 3.12 kg of TNT for the AP shells.

The main guns also have a fairly inconsistent dispersion, resulting in inconsistent salvos at long ranges. Sometimes they will produce a very tight spread, and at other times they will instead give a very large spread, straddling a target but not actually hitting it.

{{:203 mm/53 Ansaldo mod.1927 (203 mm)/Ammunition|203 mm HE Dirompente, 203 mm APHEBC Perforante, 203 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)}}

The Pola has twelve 100 mm O.T.O Mod. 1928 cannons as her secondary armaments. Mounted in three twin turret arrangements on the port and starboard sides of the superstructure. Although its performance were below average compared to its contemporaries, especially with its slow rate of fire of ~9 RPM (compared with ~15 RPM of other guns), it is still useful for dealing additional damage while the main gun is reloading.

The gun features three shell choices: a basic HE with an average 1.3 kg of TNT filler, an APHE shell with good filler for its calibre at 820 g of TNT but is largely ineffective beyond 5 km, and an HE-TF shell for anti-air purposes.

{{:100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm HE Dirompente, 100 mm APHE Perforante, 100 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|37 mm/54 Breda Mod.32 (37 mm)|Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)}}

The Pola features eight 37 mm Breda Mod.32 autocannons and eight 13.2 mm Breda Mod.31 machine guns as her anti-air armaments, mounted in four twin turrets mostly located around her second funnel, with an exception of a pair of 13.2 mm mounts between the 100 mm cannon mounts.

This anti-air defense is mediocre at best due to the low number of gun mounts, which is further exacerbated by its poor placement that prevents them from covering the bow of the ship, essentially making it a blind spot against aircraft. As such, it is recommended to stay with an ally with better anti-air coverage to minimize the risk of aerial attacks.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

In the bow there is a catapult with one Ro.43 scout floatplane, a two-seater equipped with two fixed 7.7 mm machine guns and a single defensive 7.7 mm machine gun turret, but no bombs. It can land and capture points (but only while the aircraft is being controlled by the player) and can also lay down a smoke screen (up to 3 times).

== Usage in battles ==

The Pola relies on using her heavy protection and good speed to close the distance with enemy ships and get into effective combat range. This is because of the temperamental salvo dispersion of her main guns, which makes her more inconsistent at long range shooting compared to other heavy cruisers. Her heavy turret, bridge, and belt armour make her a tough target for other cruisers (especially light cruisers) and destroyers to quickly disable or neutralise, especially at range.

However, because of the relatively small shell explosive fillers, low rate of fire, and small number of main guns, her damage output is on the low side, thus it is important to be careful when fighting other cruisers. Many of them have more guns and/or a higher rate of fire, and in a straight up close-range fight, they can out-damage the Pola over time. The Pola also does not carry any torpedoes for such fights, thus it is better to maintain some distance.

At its BR, the Pola can also face battleships regularly. In such matches, as with all cruisers, it is better to avoid fighting the battleships unless absolutely unavoidable, or if they are otherwise occupied by other ships and can be engaged with little to no risk.

The Ro.43 catapult seaplane provides some added flexibility to the Pola, allowing it to capture points that are otherwise not easily accessible to heavy cruisers, since they spawn farthest away from the capture points on Domination maps and generally do not have the best speeds. It can also be used to lay a smoke screen to cover the ship, which can be useful on maps where ships spawn out in the open.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Thick belt armour, main gun turrets and bridge are also very heavily armoured
* Large crew complement further enhances survivability
* Great mobility, especially for a heavy cruiser
* Wide firing arcs on secondary armament
* Access to a scout seaplane
* Main armament has access to HE-DF shells for use against aircraft
* [[Ammo racks]] stored deeper below the waterline than on [[RN Zara]], while having shell rooms and auxiliary ammunition below both: magazines and fire control rooms, making it very unlikely to suffer from ammunition blowout.

'''Cons:'''

* Lacklustre anti-aircraft armament (especially light anti-aircraft guns) that also has a deadzone across the bow
* Inconsistent salvo dispersion
* Crew is tightly packed inside the midship section, thus making them highly vulnerable against concentrated fire
* Small explosive fillers in both HE and AP shells for the 203 mm guns
* Has only two propeller shafts (losing one cuts half the power output)
* Low damage output over time due to long reload, small shell filler, and having only eight barrels
* Can be matched against battleships

== History ==

The RN Pola was the last ship of the Zara class to be built, laid down on 17th March 1931, and completed and put into service on 21st December 1932. Unlike the other Zara-class cruisers, the Pola had a lengthened construction of the deck to increase the operational capacity of the ship. The ship cost a total of 114,700,000 Lire (about 59,237,606 Euro nowadays).

=== Service ===
The Pola mainly carried out normal squadron training and patrol activities in home waters and the Mediterranean basin until Italy intervened in World War II. Between 1936-1937, she was employed in the operations of the Spanish War, as part of the 1°Divisione of the 1°Squadra Navale.

On 10th June 1940, the Pola was made flagship of the 2°Squadra, raising the insignia of Squadron Admiral Riccardo Paladini. She participated in the battle of Punta Stilo from the 7th to 9th July, opening fire on the British naval and air forces. From 30th July to 1st August, she was part of the indirect escort to two convoys headed to Tripoli and Benghazi, together with the other cruisers of the 1st Division. During the battle of Capo Teulada on 27th November, she fired 118 rounds of 203 mm. While in Naples on 14th December, the Pola was hit by an enemy air attack on the port. Two air bombs that seriously damaged the ship, after 2 days she was docked for repairs.

Between 26th and 29th March 1941, the Pola participated in the incursion south of Crete, which led to the clashes between Gaudo and Matapan. During the return route, on the evening of 28th March, she was suddenly hit and immobilized by a torpedo dropped by enemy aircraft. Left isolated and immobilized, the other two cruisers of the 1st Division, RN Zara and RN Fiume, came to her rescue; however, they were destroyed in a surprise attack by British ships. As the RN Pola witnessed the end of its Division, she was finally discovered by the British ships; being already on the way to sinking, she was assisted by the destroyer [[HMS Jervis]], command ship of the Fourteenth Flotilla, which recovered all the personnel of the Italian cruiser, and accelerated the sinking shortly after with torpedoes, one from HMS Jervis and one from HMS Nubian.

The RN Pola completely sank on 29th March at 3:00 a.m., at 35° 15' N, 21° E.

During her service, the Pola carried out twelve missions, 8 searching for the enemy, 3 escorting, 1 protecting minelayers. She travelled 13,174 miles for 611 hours of motion, consumed 8,813 tons of fuel oil, and was inactive for only 57 days.

The ship was officially struck off on 18th October 1946.

=== [[wt:en/news/6980-development-pola-in-it-together-en|Devblog]] ===
Pola was laid down at the OTO Shipyard in Livorno in March 1931 as the last of the four Zara-class heavy cruisers. Following the class' nomenclature, Pola was named after a former Austro-Hungarian coastal city (today Pula, Croatia) which was annexed by Italy following the end of WWI. Pola's design remained virtually identical to the other ships of the class. However, as Pola was intended to act as a flagship, it received a larger bridge superstructure in order to accommodate the additional staff. This, as well as the missing 'carved out' sections of the hull sides below her bridge, distinguish her from other ships of the class.

Pola was launched in December 1932, and after only a brief fitting out period, was officially commissioned into service with the Regia Marina in the same month. In the interwar service period, Pola took part in two fleet reviews and participated in Italian non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War along with other members of her class. Prior to the outbreak of WWII, Pola supported Italian ground forces during the occupation of Albania in April 1939.

During 1940, Pola frequently operated with her sister ships in concert with other elements of the Italian navy and engaged in a number of clashes with the Royal Navy in the Mediterranean. Pola was docked at Taranto during the devastating British air raid in November 1940, but unlike many other Italian warships present there, survived the attack unscathed.

After engaging British forces in the Battle of Cape Spartivento in late November, Pola found itself once again under air attack while in port at Naples. This time however, the ship did suffer minor damage and had to be drydocked for repairs until February of the next year.

After leaving drydock, the first major operation in which Pola took part was the Battle of Cape Matapan in late March 1941. It would also become the last battle, not just for Pola, but also for two of her sisterships - Zara and Fiume. Originally, the operation saw the assembled Italian fleet under the command of Admiral Angelo Iachino intercept a British convoy south of Crete. Pola was successfully torpedoed by British aircraft launched from HMS Formidable, quickly losing all power.

With Pola dead in the water, the Italian admiral ordered Zara, Fiume and a handful of destroyers to assist Pola later that night, however, unknown to the rescue party assembled around Pola, the superior British fleet closed in on them under the cover of darkness and guidance of radar to within point blank range before opening fire. The resulting naval engagement saw the destruction of mostall Italian warships present with heavy losses of 2303 dead and 1411 captured. After the brief battle, Pola, still afloat, was boarded by British sailors who searched the ship for valuables, taking her remaining crew as prisoners. In the early morning hours of 29 March 1941, the stricken Pola was torpedoed by the destroyer HMS Nubian, ultimately sealing her fate.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_cruiser_zara_class_pola Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Pola Devblog Images" heights="200">
File:Pola WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Pola WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Pola WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Pola WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Pola WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Pola WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:Pola WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
File:Pola WTWallpaper 008.jpg|
File:Pola WTWallpaper 009.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[RN Zara]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6980-development-pola-in-it-together-en|[Devblog] Pola: In It Together]]

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy heavy cruisers}}
{{Italy premium ships}}

RN Trento

2024-06-25T21:05:25Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_cruiser_trento
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Trento''' was the lead ship of the Trento-class heavy cruisers of the Regia Marina. Laid down in 1925 under the Washington naval treaty, although they exceeded the imposed limits of it. Trento together with her sister Trieste, were very lightly armoured with only a 70 mm thick belt, 20 to 50 mm thick deck and 100 mm armour protecting turrets. What Trento lacked in armour, she made up in her speed as she managed to reach 66 km/h during her trials and also featured a heavy armament consisting of eight 203 mm/50 Model 1924 guns made by Ansaldo, in four twin turrets with two forward and two aft. During WWII, Trento served extensively in Mediterranean, taking part in battle of Calabria, Cape Spartivento, and Cape Matapan. She also took part in the First and Second battle of Sirte, during which she heavily damaged British K-class destroyer HMS Kingston. In June 1942, during Operation Harpoon, Trento was torpedoed by a Bristol Beaufort torpedo bomber and then later on torpedoed by British submarine HMS Umbra and sunk with very heavy loss of life on June 15th, 1942.

Introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]], the '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' is the first heavy cruiser of the Regia Marina that captains will come across. She offers powerful main weaponry and average speed, but inadequate protection. Her secondary weapons consist of six twin 100 mm turrets able to fire HE-TF shells against aircraft on long distances, complemented by four twin 37 mm Breda autocannons for self defence against motor torpedo boats and aircraft that manage to penetrate the flak barrage made by the 100 mm guns. As last wave of defense serve four twin 13.2 mm Breda heavy machine guns. Trento is also armed with 16 torpedoes with 4 loaded in two fixed twin launchers amidship on each side and another 8 torpedoes ready to be reloaded. However, the spare torpedoes are relatively unprotected as the 50 mm armour belt doesn't reach high enough to fully cover these, leaving the ship vulnerable to fatal torpedo explosions.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

[[File:RN Trento Armor.jpg|thumb|Overview of the protection scheme]]
The Trento has reliable armour to protect the 987 crew allowing the ship to take a few hits when angled. The citadel is covered 70 mm of armour on the side, 60 mm at the bow behind the forward fuel tank, and 50 mm at the rear ending just before the last set of fuel tanks and pumps. This adequate armour scheme allows the ship to take damage fairly well, but prolonged engagements will have the crew and modules disabled quickly. The main turrets are encased in 100 mm of armour around, as well as decent angles causing the ship to rarely lose the main armament when in duels. However, the bridge siting behind the front turrets is vulnerable as it's only a flat 100 mm, meaning that it is reliably destroyed by other cruisers, but is protected from anything firing HE rounds. The biggest downfall of the Trento is fairly weak armour around the ammunition; with only 70 mm of armour near the water line these stowage rooms will quickly be set off if the ship is shot from a flank, however the armour is reliable enough to stop glancing shots when angled. The on-board torpedo reloads is also a concern on the ship, as when hit they will also incapacitate modules surrounding them. The Trento is at its highest survivability when angled bow in towards an opponent, with the torpedo loadout unequipped before battle.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility}}

The Trento is tied with the [[IJN Kako]], [[IJN Tone|Tone]], and [[IJN Mogami|Mogami]] as the fastest heavy cruisers in-game at a speed of 65 km/h at full speed. The reverse speed is 25 km/h. Overall the ship feels sluggish considering its lacklustre armour, and armament, but it is the most manoeuvrable in its class as a heavy cruiser.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|203 mm/50 Ansaldo mod.1924 (203 mm)}}

The main armament of the Trento consists of 8 x 203 mm/50 Ansaldo Mod.1924 cannons in 4 dual-mounted turrets. The primary round used on Trento is the 203 mm APHEBC Perforante with explosive mass of 3.16 kg, and 402 mm of penetration at 1,000 m. This shell can hit almost all modules in any ship,and is best used to counter ships trying to angle or hitting modules deep in a ship that are normally hard to penetrate. The next best round is the HE-TF Contro-aerea. This shell can penetrate 62 mm at any range with an explosive mass of 9.69 kg, as well as having a time fuse for use as an anti-air shell. The final shell should be avoided as it is inferior to the other two rounds, as the HE Dirompente can only penetrate 58 mm at any range with an explosive mass of 7.5 kg.

{{:203 mm/50 Ansaldo mod.1924 (203 mm)/Ammunition|203 mm HE Dirompente, 203 mm APHEBC Perforante, 203 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)}}

The secondary armament consists of 12 x 100 mm/47 O.T.O Mod.1928 cannons in 6 dual-mounted turrets. The ammunition selection consists of HE Dirompente, APHE Perforante, and HE-TF Contro-aerea. Both HE rounds have a penetration of 17 mm at any range, and an explosive mass of 1.3 kg, while the APHE has a penetration of 150 mm at 100 m and an explosive mass of 820 g. The HE-TF is the best shell to have loaded for the AI-controlled secondaries, because of its versatility shooting at planes and ships, but when controlled by the player the APHE can quickly dispatch smaller targets.

{{:100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm HE Dirompente, 100 mm APHE Perforante, 100 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|37 mm/54 Breda Mod.32 (37 mm)|Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)}}

The anti-aircraft armament of the Trento consists of 8 x 37 mm/54 Breda Mod.32 autocannons in 4 dual mounts, and 8 x 13.2 mm Breda Model 31 machine guns in 4 dual mounts. This is an adequate armament to destroy aircraft and smaller boats when needed.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo I (533 mm)}}

The Trento is armed with 16 x 533 mm steam-turbined S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo I torpedoes with an explosive mass of 270 kg each. With the torpedo mode disabled, the torpedo will travel 4 km at a speed of 89 km/h. When enabled the torpedo will go 10 km at a speed of 70 km/h. It is not recommended to bring these torpedoes because it adds a massive external ammo rack that will disable the ship when hit, and the static broadside torpedo launchers are extremely hard to use in combat.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located on the bow is a catapult with one Ro.43 scout plane which provides unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. The Ro.43 is a 2-seater equipped with two fixed offensive light machine guns and a single defensive machine gun turret, but no bombs. It does have the scout plane ability to cap zones and lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new!

== Usage in battles ==

The Trento is best used to support pushes towards caps by using its good module layout and crew complement to safely approach an area to defend. Finding a good spot to snipe from is important in the Trento's playstyle because its accurate guns allow it to defend zones from a distance. Brawling can be done but it is risky because other players can abuse the slower reload rate on the higher calibre guns. Notable counters to the Trento would be the [[Admiral Graf Spee]] and [[USS Brooklyn (CL-40)|USS Brooklyn]], because they have rounds that can bypass the armour, and higher damage output. Enemies that can get firing angles on the rear of the ship will have an easy time disabling the Trento as well. Due to the accurate guns of the Trento and good rounds, targets with ammo racks exposed above water are particularly easy to destroy, such as the [[Admiral Hipper]] and [[Sverdlov]].

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Adequate armour for its BR, especially when angled
* High top speed
* High firepower for its BR, with adequate APHEBC rounds
* One scout seaplane

'''Cons:'''

* Poor reload time and accuracy, especially when stock
* Poor manoeuvrability, struggle to make an evasive manoeuvre and moving around tight corridors
* Inadequate ammunition protection, highly vulnerable to diving shots and torpedoes
* Mediocre dedicated anti-air armaments
* Static torpedo launchers

== History ==

Designed as a response to the French Duquesne-class cruisers, the Regia Marina developed the Trento class with an emphasis on speed and light armour. The Trento and Trieste would eventually be used in the Mediterranean sea to escort convoys, and support in actions against British forces in the area. Both ships succumbed to torpedo and bombing attacks before the end of the war.

=== [[wt:en/news/6719-development-trento-playing-by-the-book-en|Devblog]] ===
In the early 1920's, with the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty, Italian shipbuilders began studying the possibilities of developing a new cruiser design that would match the restrictions imposed by the agreement. From the onset, it was clear that sacrifices in some aspects would need to be made in order to stay within the 10,000 ton treaty displacement limit.

As a result, Italian shipbuilders decided to focus on speed and firepower, while keeping protection light in order to conserve weight. In the end, a design was presented which promised a top speed of around 35 knots, armed with four dual 8" turrets and only slightly exceeding treaty limitations. Despite having their reservations about the design, the Regia Marina ordered two ships to be built in the mid 1920's - Trento and Trieste - thus forming the Trento-class of heavy cruisers. Still not fully convinced however, the Regia Marina would subsequently place orders for a more balanced heavy cruiser design, later becoming the Zara-class cruisers, but that's perhaps a story for another devblog.

Trento itself, named after a city in the northern regions of Italy, was laid down in February of 1925, being launched in October 1927 and finally entering service with the Regia Marina in April 1929. In the interwar period, Trento undertook a tour of South American countries, protected Italian nationals during the Chinese Civil War and ferried Italian volunteers from the Spanish Civil War back to Italy in 1938.

During WWII, Trento and Trieste took part in numerous actions in the Mediterranean theatre, frequently clashing with detachments of the Royal Navy. Most notably, Trento took part in the battles of Calabria, Cape Spartivento and Cape Matapan from 1940 to 1941. In 1942 however, during an Italian counter in the Allied Operation Harpoon, Trento sustained torpedo hits from a British torpedo bomber as well as a submarine. The resulting magazine detonation caused by the second torpedo hit led to the warship sinking below the waves in a matter of minutes. Trento was formally struck from the Italian naval register in the immediate postwar period in 1946.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_cruiser_trento Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
File:Trento WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Trento WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Trento WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Trento WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Trento WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Trento WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:Trento WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
File:Trento WTWallpaper 08.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6719-development-trento-playing-by-the-book-en|[Devblog] Trento: Playing by the Book]]

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy heavy cruisers}}

RN Raimondo Montecuccoli

2024-06-25T21:04:54Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_cruiser_montecuccoli
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Raimondo Montecuccoli''' was the first one of [[Condottieri_(Family)#Raimondo Montecuccoli-class|Raimondo Montecuccoli-subclass]] of Condottieri cruisers. She was laid down in October 1931 and commissioned in June 1935, marking a major shift for the class by evolving into a proper cruiser rather than a destroyer-hunter. To achieve this transformation, the designers doubled the mass allocated to armour, upgraded the boilers, and increased the anti-aircraft armament. Her first assignment was to protect Italian shipping and troops in Tianjin during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Her initial combat encounter occurred at the Battle of Punta Stilo in the early stages of World War II, where she did not achieve any notable success. It was not until the battle in mid-June that she attained her first combat success by inflicting significant damage on HMS Bedouin, destroying her superstructure. She then engaged in an intense gunfight with HMS Ithuriel, an I-class destroyer, closing to within 7 kilometres of each other. During this engagement, Ithuriel suffered multiple shrapnel damages, and Montecuccoli was hit directly in the officers' quarters, prompting her to disengage. This battle represented the greatest combat success of her career. Following the armistice, she served as a troop transport, and after the end of World War II, she continued in the Italian Navy as a training cruiser for the next 20 years.

Introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]] along with the initial release of the Italian navy, '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' is one of the best light cruisers of her battle rating. Her biggest flaw is a lacklustre torpedo armament and ammo rack protection, but in the right hands, she can be an exceptional warship, able to play with the enemy vessels on her own terms and easily destroy enemy destroyers and light cruisers in any duel.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

[[File:RN Raimondo Montecuccoli Armor.jpg|thumb|Overview of the protection scheme]]
With 578 crew members, and an armour belt of 60 mm, the Raimondo Montecuccoli boasts one of the most reliable hulls for taking damage from the front. 25 mm of steel armour also surrounds the ship alongside the forward fuel tanks, allow the ship to take prolonged fire while leaving its crew and modules protected. However when approached from the side the decent 60 mm armour belt turns into a downside, as it is easily penetrated by lower ranked vessels such as the [[Sumner (DD-692)|Sumner]]. The rear ammo rack is particularly easy to destroy because of its location at the water line, and the lack of modules around it to absorb damage.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility}}

The Montecuccoli is tied with the Attilio Regolo as the fastest cruiser at 72 km/h forward, while also boasting a high reverse speed of 32 km/h, while the Regolo can only reach a top speed of 26 km/h in reverse. This high speed allows the Montecuccoli to dominate maps where it can push capture points or switch objectives quickly when needed.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|152/53 mm O.T.O. Mod.1929 (152 mm)}}

The Montecuccoli is equipped with 8 dual-mounted 152/53 mm O.T.O Mod.1929 cannons. This armament is divided between both sides of the ship allowing for good firing angles. The best round for the ship is the APHEBC Palla with a penetration of 282 mm at 1,000 m and an explosive mass of 800 g. This shell allows the Montecuccoli to reliably frontally penetrate other ships' bows to damage modules and ammunition racks when being pushed. As backup rounds the ship also carries two HE rounds labelled HE Dirompente with 29 mm of penetration at any range or angle with an explosive mass of 2.39 kg, but the HE-TF round is also given a time fuse allowing it to be more versatile. Because of the precarious ammunition rack location along the waterline, it is recommended to bring around 500 rounds of APHEBC for the primary round, and around 250 rounds of HE-TF to be used against smaller boats and aircraft.

{{:152/53 mm O.T.O. Mod.1929 (152 mm)/Ammunition|152 mm HE Dirompente, 152 mm APHEBC Palla, 152 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)}}

Equipped with 6 dual-mounted 100 mm/47 O.T.O Mod. 1928 cannons, the Montecuccoli is blessed with reliable secondary armament to be used when the primary armament is disabled. When used aggressively, it is suggested to load primarily the APHE round because of its 150 mm of penetration at 100 m, and its 820 g explosive mass. This shell is reliable to disable the main turrets on other cruisers. However the HE-TF Contro-aerea is also useful as an anti-aircraft shell, as well as using its 17 mm of penetration at any angle to deliver 1.3 kg of explosive mass to smaller PT boats.

{{:100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm HE Dirompente, 100 mm APHE Perforante, 100 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|37 mm/54 Breda Mod.38 (37 mm)|20 mm/70 Oerlikon 3S (20 mm)}}

The Montecuccoli is adequately protected from aircraft by 8 dual-mounted 37 mm/54 Breda Mod.38 autocannons, and 10 single-mounted 20 mm/70 Oerlikon 3S autocannons. In conjunction with the secondary armament, the AI will have no trouble removing smaller targets during a battle leaving the player safe to engage larger targets with the primary armament.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo M (533 mm)|B TG depth charge}}

Graced with 533 mm steam-turbined S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo M torpedoes in dual mounts along the sides of the main funnel, the Montecuccoli can achieve excellent firing angles for these torpedoes while also leaving them protected while charging an enemy. With torpedo mode enabled, the torpedoes travel 12 km with a speed of 56 km/h, while disabled the torpedo travels 4 km at a speed of 93 km/h. Because of the low amount of torpedoes (4 total), it is recommended to disable the torpedo mode as it allows the ship to more reliably aim the torpedoes while brawling.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships is a catapult with one Ro.43 scout plane which provides unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. The Ro.43 is a 2-seater equipped with two fixed offensive light machine guns and a single defensive machine gun turret, but no bombs. It does have the scout plane ability to cap zones and lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new!

== Usage in battles ==

The Raimondo Montecuccoli is second only to the Admiral Graf Spee in its ability to absorb damage using its bow's large size, and lack of modules, allowing the ship to safely charge objectives or enemies. In addition to its high speed and excellent firing angles on the 4 torpedoes, it is best recommended to point the bow of the ship towards an enemy and close into the 4 km range of the torpedoes to get reliable kills on other cruisers that can't react to the positioning the Montecuccoli can achieve. This strategy works best against ships such as the [[Admiral Hipper]], and [[Sverdlov]]. These ships lack the firepower to reliably disable the Montecuccoli, or adequately avoid the excellent torpedo spread the Montecuccoli can use. While this is the most enjoyable usage of the Montecuccoli, it isn't reliable for sustained gameplay as the ship can easily be flanked and destroyed after reaching the enemy lines. Ships such as the Admiral Graf Spee, Brooklyn, and Mogami can also counter this playstyle by using their excellent guns to penetrate the excellent bow protection to destroy the Montecuccoli. An alternative usage is as a stationary sniper after reaching an unexpected location by using its high speed. This playstyle eliminates the flanking threat, but limits the effectiveness of the guns and torpedoes.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Highest top speed for a cruiser
* Excellent forward protection
* Excellent torpedo firing angles
* Effective primary armament
* One scout seaplane

'''Cons:'''

* Inadequate ammo protection
* Limited torpedo quantity
* Inadequate torpedo range

== History ==

The Raimondo Montecuccoli was designed in the third group of Condottieri-class light cruisers by Ansaldo, and Genoa. Named after the 17th century Italian general Raimondo Montecuccoli, the cruiser was involved in battles such as the Battle of Punta Stilo, and convoy attacks during the Battle of Pantelleria. The ship eventually ended surviving the war and acting as a training cruiser until 1961.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_cruiser_montecuccoli Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MvASDir8VAI|'''Incrociatore Raimondo Montecuccoli after WW2 (1947-1949)''' - ''Silvestro Migliorini''<br>Archive montage of Raimondo Montecuccoli during his military service as a training ship}}

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Italian cruiser Raimondo Montecuccoli|<nowiki>[wikipedia]</nowiki> Italian cruiser Raimondo Montecuccoli]]
* ''Struggle for the Middle Sea. The Great Navies at War in the Mediterranean Theater, 1940-1945'' by Vincent P. O'Hara
* ''Włoskie krazowniki lekkie typu Raimondo Montecuccoli'' by Andrzej Perepeczko - Morze Statki i Okręty 09/2009 (page 42-45)

{{ShipManufacturer Ansaldo}}
{{Italy light cruisers}}

RN Geniere

2024-06-25T21:03:20Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{About
| about = premium Italian Soldati-class destroyer '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the premium Italian Fante-class destroyer
| link = Geniere
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=it_destroyer_soldati_serie1_geniere
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Geniere''' was laid down on 26 August 1937, launched on 27 February 1938, completed and commissioned on 15 December 1938. She was assigned to the 11° Squadra Cacciatorpediniere and successively deployed to the 3°, 1°, 5°, 8° Divisione navale and, in 1942, to the Squadriglia Navale. In the pre-war period, Geniere carried out training activities, participating in the Naval Review in Naples in 1939 and a cruise to the ports of North Africa and the Dodecannesso. She also took part in the main naval actions of the Second World War, carrying out very intense activity. RN Geniere carried out 143 missions, of which 50 were escort missions and 13 were search missions, covering no less than 58,000 miles (93,000 km). RN Geniere was destroyed on 1 March 1943 when she was in Palermo for alterations but fell victim to an enemy air attack that caused her to sink.

Introduced as a [[wt:en/news/6690-development-italian-fleet-early-access-packs-en|premium pack]] in [[Update "Starfighters"]], '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' is an excellent destroyer for its speed, manoeuvrability, and torpedoes, while the main armament is not as good. It consists of only five 120 mm cannons equipped with AP and HE which do not cause much damage, making it vital to use the AP efficiently to destroy enemy ships. The anti-aircraft armament is improved over the other [[Soldati (Family)|Soldati-class]] destroyers and allows you to destroy enemy coastal boats and planes at medium and short range.

RN Geniere was removed from the store after the [[wt:en/news/6924-shop-war-thunder-birthday-sale-in-gaijin-net-store-en|8th Anniversary Sale]]. It has been made available for purchase with Golden Eagles {{ge}} briefly during the [[wt:en/news/7733-special-italian-navy-day-en|2022]] and [[wt:en/news/7733-special-italian-navy-day-en|2023 "Italian Navy Day"]] mini-events.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The RN Geniere in terms of survivability is very resilient, thanks to 215 crew members the ship can withstand various fire damage or enemy salvoes and repair damage and put out fires without losing too much crew.

Whereas RN Geniere is protected in the hull by 16 mm steel, superstructure 4 mm, while the only part more armored externally from the hull are the 12 mm protected cannons, the RN Geniere's hold in the rear part is protected by the tanks and it is rare that I can cause you a hold, while the front part the hold is protected only by the 16 mm steel hull which however is not very useful because eventually they can blow your ammorack easily and make you lose the ship in no time

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The RN Geniere is powered by 3 engines, which gives RN Geniere the ability to achieve the maximum speed of 70 km/h in RB and 86 km/h in AB , while the reverse speed is 29 km/h in RB and 35 km/h in AB.

In both AB and RB, RN Geniere has very good acceleration to both go forward and reverse from a standstill, this gives you a better chance to dodge torpedoes or even salvo enemy.

In combat if you continue to turn the speed remains 49 km/h in RB and 52 km/h in AB.

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 63
|SpeedBackStockAB = 26
|TurnTimeStockAB = 109.25
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 44
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|120 mm/50 O.T.O. Mod.1936 (120 mm)}}

The primary armament consists of five [[120 mm/50 O.T.O. Mod.1936 (120 mm)|120 mm/50 Mod.1936]], 2 of which are twin and one single, these guns can carry 3 different projectiles:

* HE has 1.63 kg of explosives and can cause serious damage if used on the top of enemy ships,
* HE-TF has 1.63 kg of explosive unlike HE projectiles these in particular has a time fuse that is automatically configured during target aiming and practically explode based on the time and distance of the perfect configuration against aerial targets,
* APHEBC has 1.3 kg of explosives and can cause serious internal damage to the enemy ship if they are used against ammo racks and engines.

{{:120 mm/50 O.T.O. Mod.1936 (120 mm)/Ammunition|120 mm HE Dirompente, 120 mm APCBC Perforante, 120 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|20 mm/65 Breda (20 mm)}}

The secondary armament consists of twelve [[20 mm/65 Breda (20 mm)|20 mm/65 Breda]], all the guns are twin-mounted.

These AA turrets are perfect for short range 1-3 km, while for long and medium range they are not very effective, they are also perfect for small ships that try to attack you with torpedoes as torpedo boats.

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''20 mm HE belts:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''20 mm AP belts:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}

{{:20 mm/65 Breda (20 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T*, API-T}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo I (533 mm)|B TG 100 depth charge}}

The additional armament consists of six 533 mm [[S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo I (533 mm)|S.I. 270/533.4X7.2 Tipo I]] torpedoes and two [[B TG 100 depth charge|B TG 100]] depth charges

The torpedoes are placed in the center of the ship can only be launched when pointing left or right, due to the torpedo mode modification the torpedo range can be increased but the speed is reduced.

Depth charges, on the other hand, are placed in launchers one on the left and one on the right, you have to use them in a certain way because they are not dropped into the water but are launched for a few tens of meters

== Usage in battles ==

When using RN Geniere during the battle don't go too much close to enemy ships or go in zone where are not any cover, because you can be instantly dead.

The best tactic with the RN Geniere is find a cover and start to shoot the enemy ship in specific with APHEBC in the engines and ammorack and with HE the top of the ship.

When they start to respond your attack go back in the cover, if the enemy is coming close to you use your torpedoes and aim to the ammorack (basically under the enemy turrets), some rare cases you can use the depth charges but they cause a little damage to enemy big ships as destroyers and frigates, meanwhile the little ones can be easily killed by the charges or by the AA armament composed by 20 mm (the best belt to use is the Universale one).

If you find an open map don't quit it, you gonna combat from long distance so after you spawned start to shot to the enemy ship that are more close to you and start to distance from them, if they shot back dodge the enemy salvo, and continue your attack, some times use your smoke screen if there are too much enemies shotting you.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Capable of withstanding significant damage from fire and enemy salvoes
* Very manoeuvrable, allowing it to cooperate well with light craft
* Don't loss too much speed when dodge torpedoes or enemy salvoes
* Outstanding acceleration

'''Cons:'''

* Only short range AA guns, very inefficient for medium and long range
* Can be ammoracked very easily in the front of the ship

== History ==

{{main|Soldati (Family)#History|l1=History of the Soldati-class}}

=== RN Geniere ===
[[File:RN Geniere Sail 1.png|thumb|RN Geniere during sail ]]
Set up in Livorno by the OTO on August 26, 1937, and completed on December 15, 1938.

On December 15, 1938, it entered service in the Regia Marina.

On entry into the war was part of the XI Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere,, which formed together with the twin

[[RN Aviere]], RN Artigliere and RN Camicia Nera.

In 1940, was part of several patrol, enemy search and escort operations in the Sicilian Channel, areas near Libya and Malta.

In 1941, the Geniere had its 120/15 illuminating gun replaced with a [[120 mm/50 O.T.O. Mod.1936 (120 mm)|120/50 OTO Mod.1936]] gun . The original AA armament of [[Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)|13.2 mm Breda]] MGs was replaced by [[20 mm/65 Breda (20 mm)|20 mm/65 Breda]] cannons in 6 twin emplacements.
[[File:RN Geniere combat I.png|thumb|RN Geniere during shotting exercises]]
In 1942 I participated in some escorts with other destroyers and took part in the Battaglia di mezzo Agosto.

On the night of August 11-12, 1942, during the Battaglia di mezzo Agosto, took to the sea with Divisioni incrociatori III (RN Trieste, RN Gorizia and RN Bolzano) and Divisioni incrociatori VII ([[RN Eugenio di Savoia]], RN Attendolo and [[RN Raimondo Montecuccoli]]) and 9 destroyers: the objective was to attack the British convoy "Pedestal," already decimated by attacks from aircraft, submarines and torpedo motorboats, and annihilate it; however, the Italian formation was turned back for fear of adversary attacks, but during the very navigation of return, on August 13, the submarine HMS Unbroken torpedoed and severely damaged RN Bolzano and RN Attendolo: the RN Geniere and [[RN Aviere]] took the burning RN Bolzano in tow and ran it aground near Panarea.

On March 1, 1943 was Sank from an American aerial bombardment in the harbor.

After armistice it was recovered for demolition.

In April 1944, refitted so that it could float, it was taken in tow to be towed to Taranto; during that sailing, however, the leaks reopened, the cables snapped, and the RN Geniere sank.

=== [[wt:en/news/6690-development-italian-fleet-early-access-packs-en|Devblog]] ===
Geniere was laid down as part of the first series of Soldati-class destroyers for the Regia Marina. Geniere comes to War Thunder naval forces in one of its later war modifications, specifically in the 1942 fit. The ship features five 120 mm cannons split into three turrets. Geniere offers better AA option, than a regular tree destroyer, having 6 twin-barrelled 20 mm Breda autocannons, rationally positioned over her deck. It's also worth mentioning that Geniere comes with two triple torpedo launchers, which make her combat application more versatile. As all Soldati destroyers, Geniere boasts an excellent top speed going up to 35 knots (65 km/h), as well as great manoeuvrability.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_destroyer_soldati_serie1_geniere Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Geniere (1942) WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Geniere (1942) WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Geniere (1942) WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Geniere (1942) WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Geniere (1942) WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Geniere (1942) WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:Geniere (1942) WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
File:Geniere (1942) WTWallpaper 08.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Soldati (Family)]]
* [[RN Aviere]]
* [[RN Corazziere]]
* [[120 mm/50 O.T.O. Mod.1936 (120 mm)|Cannone OTO 120/50 Mod.1936]]
* [[20 mm/65 Breda (20 mm)|Breda 20/56]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6690-development-italian-fleet-early-access-packs-en|[Devblog] Italian Fleet Early Access Packs: Geniere & Sparviero]]

=== References ===

;Bibliography

* Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946; 1980 Conway Maritime Press Ltd, London

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy destroyers}}
{{Italy premium ships}}

RN Attilio Regolo

2024-06-25T21:02:33Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_cruiser_capitani_romani_class_attilio_regolo
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Attilio Regolo''' was a light cruiser of the Capitani Romani class, laid down on September 28, 1939, and completed and commissioned on May 14, 1942. Attilio Regolo had no opportunity to participate in actual wartime missions, on November 7, 1942 she was hit by a torpedo launched from the submarine HMS Unruffled, whose torpedo striking destroyed almost the entire bow, and she only returned to activity on September 8, 1943 in Genoa. According to armistice provisions, on September 9 she arrived at the height of the Gulf of Asinara, and was sent to assist the shipwrecked battleship Roma. Attilio Regolo carried out a total of 3 missions covering 1,962 miles for 113 hours of motion during Co-Belligerent service. After the war, she was transferred to La Spezia where she remained inactive pending the execution of the naval clauses of the Peace Treaty. She was decommissioned on July 26, 1948 and ceded to France, renamed Chateaurenault, and remained in service until October 1, 1962.

The '''{{Specs|1=name}}''', introduced with the initial Italian naval tree in [[Update "Starfighters"]], is a cruiser with good firepower, mobility, and manoeuvrability characteristics. Its 135 mm guns are perfect for battering destroyers and light cruisers, however, for more armoured targets it has a much harder time causing serious damage. The anti-aircraft armament gives you good cover from air attacks, and its manoeuvrability and speed allow it to dodge enemy shells and torpedoes. However, its survivability is not the best, as it is very lightly armoured.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

[[File:RN Attilio Regolo Armor.jpg|thumb|Overview of the protection scheme]]
The Attilio Regolo's hull lacks any substantial armour, with the design emphasizing speed instead. This leaves areas such as the engines, ammunition magazines, and the bridge susceptible to damage from even destroyers' shells. However, the front of the turrets are protected by 20 mm of armour, while the sides and roof are protected by 6 mm of armour. This protects the turrets from nearby explosions from destroyers' high explosive rounds, but direct hits will disable the ship's armament. The bridge is also surrounded by 15 mm of armour, which is not reliable in protecting the module.

The greatest threats to the survivability of the ship are the exposed torpedo tubes and spare torpedoes amidships and the highly exposed ammunition magazine under the 'X' turret. The former can detonate when hit and quickly incapacitate the ship, removing the use of almost every module past the bridge. However, this can be avoided by either firing off the torpedoes as soon as possible or not bringing them at all. The ammunition magazine will also detonate when hit, which will immediately destroy the ship. It is not possible to empty or redistribute the ammunition held here, and thus the only protection is to avoid getting hit there at all.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


Thanks to its four Thornycroft boilers and four Parsons turbines which together deliver 110,000 hp, the Attilio Regolo can reach a top speed of 72 km/h forward and a maximum reverse speed of -25 km/h. With these powerful engines the acceleration is also very good: it can reach top speed in about 30 seconds. Unfortunately, due to its length it does not excel in manoeuvrability, completing a full circle in 1 minute 25 seconds.

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 62
|SpeedBackStockAB = 22
|SpeedForwardSpadedAB = 84
|SpeedBackSpadedAB = 30
|TurnTimeStockAB = 148.351
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 43
|TurnTimeSpadedAB = 77.933
|TurnSpeedSpadedAB = 52

|SpeedForwardStockRB = 62
|SpeedBackStockRB = 22
|SpeedForwardSpadedRB = 72
|SpeedBackSpadedRB = 26
|TurnTimeStockRB = 150.767
|TurnSpeedStockRB = 43
|TurnTimeSpadedRB = 116.717
|TurnSpeedSpadedRB = 51
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 (135 mm)}}

The 8 x 135 mm/45 O.T.O Mod. 1937 are divided into 4 turrets allowing the ship to use at least half of its armament at any angle. The HE Dirompente is underwhelming with only 23 mm of penetration at any angle, and an explosive mass of 1.8 kg. This shell is unreliable and should be avoided after the APHEBC Perforante and the HE-TF Contro-aerea shells are unlocked. The APHEBC Perforante is the most reliable shell used on the Attilio Regolo with a penetration of 174 mm at 1,000 m, and an explosive mass of 1.47 kg. The HE-TF Contro-aerea shell shares almost all of its characteristics with the HE Dirompente, but has a time fuse added to it for use as an AA shell; with its versatility as an anti-air shell and as a normal HE shell, this is the second most reliable shell to have.

{{:135 mm/45 O.T.O. Mod. 1937 (135 mm)/Ammunition|135 mm HE Dirompente, 135 mm APHEBC Perforante, 135 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|37 mm/54 Breda Mod.39 (37 mm)|20 mm/70 Scotti-Isotta Fraschini mod.1939 (20 mm)}}

For secondary armament the Attilio Regolo is armed with 8 x 37 mm/54 Breda Mod.39 autocannons, and 4 x 20 mm/70 Scotti-Isotta Fraschini Mod.1939 autocannons in double mounts. These secondary autocannons are effective as anti-air under control of the AI, but will need to be used by the player if they want to be used to destroy torpedo boats effectively.

{{:37 mm/54 Breda Mod.39 (37 mm)/Ammunition|37 mm HE-TF DA 37 c.a.}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo M (533 mm)|Bollo P.200/1936 mine}}

The 533 mm steam-turbined S.I. 270/533,4X7,2 Tipo M torpedoes have an explosive mass of 270 kg, and a range of 12 km at 74 km/h with torpedo mode enabled, while it goes 4 km at a speed of 93 km/h when the torpedo mode is disabled. The torpedoes are best used as a tool to force opponents to avoid areas such as channels. If the player does not use torpedoes often then it is recommended to not bring them as they can be destroyed as an external ammo rack causing catastrophic damage.

== Usage in battles ==

The general gameplay of the Attilio Regolo is most similar to a destroyer then a light cruiser. The lack of meaningful armour means that it is fairly weak in a head-on engagement, but they can easily be avoided thanks to its incredible top speed. The ship has two general playstyles that fit it well, the first being a light brawler fighting for caps, and the second being a flanking support ship. The main threats to the Attilio Regolo are heavier cruisers than itself, such as the [[Emden]] and [[USS Trenton]], as well as destroyers with higher rates of fire such as the [[USS Sumner]] or [[Tashkent]]. The best way to counter cruisers such as the Emden is by simply avoiding the conflict using the ships high speed and smoke, or by using the ship's decent torpedo loadout to destroy them when they are unaware of you. Destroyers can best be dealt with by using terrain to your advantage to protect yourself from incoming fire, and retaliate while in safety of islands. The most vulnerable spot of the Attilio Regolo is its extra torpedo storage in the middle of the ship, this can best be protected by keeping the bow of the ship centred on an enemy you are fighting. While being in a broadside allows the ship to bring more of its firepower to use, it also exposes the external torpedoes that can quickly be set off destroying the ship.

Basically, the RN Attilio Regolo is an excellent light support cruiser. It can provide an excellent anti-aircraft barrage with its effective 20 and 37 mm turrets. The Attilio Regolo can also provide support fire against small and medium-sized vessels making life easier for ships with longer reloading times. It is recommended to use this ship in the second and third line, supporting heavy cruisers and dreadnoughts, and even with good survivability the ship alone will not be as effective as when in a group.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High top speed
* Large number of torpedoes
* Effective turret layout with firing angles
* Mine-laying capability
* Effective anti-aircraft armament

'''Cons:'''

* Low survivability
* Lowest crew count of any cruiser
* Highly exposed ammunition magazines
* Low shell explosive fillers for the main guns' calibre

== History ==

[[File:RN Attilio Regolo History 1.png|thumb|400px]]
The Attilio Regolo is a light cruiser of the Capitani Romani class, laid down on Sept. 28, 1939, completed and commissioned on May 14, 1942, Attilio Regolo had no opportunity to participate in actual wartime missions, on Nov. 7, 1942 she departed the Port of Palermo to carry out the laying of a mine barrage, while she was laying mines at 10: 24 of Nov. 8 he was hit by a torpedo launched from the Submarine HMS Unruffled, whose torpedo striking destroyed almost the entire bow, was towed to the port of Palermo for repairs, however returned to activity only on Sept. 8, 1943 in Genoa, according to armistice provisions, was attached to the Eighth Division, on Sept. 9 arrived at the Gulf of Asinara, was sent to assist the survivors of the battleship Roma, whose was sunk after the second Fritz X headed on the main ammunition hold, the following day the Attilio Regolo arrived at Port Mahon in the Balearic Islands, where it remained until January 15, 1945, where on the same day it began repatriation to Taranto, where it arrived on January 23, after stopping 4 days in Algiers, Aggregated to the Seventh Division.

Since her return to Italy the Attilio Regolo carried out a total of 3 missions covering 1,962 Miles for 113 hours of motion, After the war she was transferred to La Spezia where she remained inactive pending the execution of the naval clauses of the Peace Treaty, She was Disbarred from the Naval Cadre on July 26, 1948 by Presidential Decree of December 3, 1948. She assumed the recognition mark R.4 and was Ceded to France, in the Port of Toulon, on August 1, 1948, Renamed Chateaurenault and remained in service until October 1, 1962, the date of her disbarment from the French Navy.

=== [[wt:en/news/6732-development-attilio-regolo-the-upsized-destroyer-en|Devblog]] ===
During the 1930's, the Regia Marina was looking into building a type of 'ocean scout' vessel. Initially, the design work took inspiration from the Condottieri-class cruisers, but was soon abandoned in favor of a more compact and modern design. By the end of the decade however, the need for 'scout' vessels became somewhat redundant thanks to the advances in aviation and radar technology. As a result, the design was reclassified as a light cruiser and would serve as a flotilla leader.

Plans were made for the construction of 12 vessels of the 'Capitani Romani' class of light cruisers, all of which were laid down in various Italian shipyards in September and October of 1939. However, only three ships of the class would actually see completion while the others either had their construction cancelled or were later on captured in drydock by German forces.

One of the ships which did see completion is the Attilio Regolo, which entered service with the Regia Marina in May 1942. However, the ship's didn't see extensive service not only due to joining the war late, but also because it was hit by a torpedo from British submarine HMS Unruffled in November of the same year, getting severely crippled.

Postwar, Attilio Regolo was handed over to France in 1948 as war reparations and subsequently entered service with the French Navy as 'Châteaurenault'. The ship went on to serve with the French Navy until the early 1960's, before being decommissioned and sold for scrap in the 1970's.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_cruiser_capitani_romani_class_attilio_regolo Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Attilio Regolo WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:Attilio Regolo WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:Attilio Regolo WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:Attilio Regolo WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:Attilio Regolo WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:Attilio Regolo WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:Attilio Regolo WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
File:RN Attilio Regolo Media 2.png|
File:RN Attilio Regolo Media 1.png|
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[RN Trento]]
* [[RN Etna]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6732-development-attilio-regolo-the-upsized-destroyer-en|[Devblog] Attilio Regolo - The Upsized Destroyer]]

{{ShipManufacturer OTO}}
{{Italy light cruisers}}

RN Bartolomeo Colleoni

2024-06-25T21:01:51Z

U31139476: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=it_cruiser_bartolomeocolleoni_1940
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''RN Bartolomeo Colleoni''' was the third ship of [[Condottieri_(Family)#Alberto di Giussano-class|Di Giussano-subclass]] laid down in 21 June 1928 and commissioned in 10 February 1932. Her first combat deployment was during the Spanish Civil War where she protected Italian forces in October 1936. The beginning of WW2 caught her in protecting Italian interests in the Far East, and she was recalled to Sicily, from where she unsuccessfully attempted to intercept French and British forces, as well as conducted minelaying and convoy escort duties. At 08:24 of 19 July 1940, she received her first hit - in the encounter that was later to be known as the Battle of Cape Spada. A salvo from [[HMNZS Leander|Leander-class]] HMAS ''Sydney'' hit the ship, jamming her rudder. Soon after, another salvo hit the bridge, killing most of the crew, and the main superstructure causing numerous fires. As she started losing her speed, British [[G and H class (Family)|H-class destroyers]] disabled two boilers, forcing the captain of the vessel to give the order to abandon ship at 08:30, a mere 6 minutes after receiving her first hit. Moments later, the vessel was sunk by two British torpedoes, causing her to capsize and sink, bow-first.

Introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]] along with the first wave of Italian vessels, '''{{Specs|1=name}}''' trades most characteristics for speed, making her excellent in capturing points and countering torpedo boats or low-BR destroyers, but completely unfit to deal with heavy cruisers, or even most light cruisers. She is best played as a support vessel, carefully planning position and targets to engage. When possible, hard cover or smoke should be used to break contact.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}
[[File:RN Bartolomeo Colleoni Armor.jpg|thumb|Overview of the protection scheme]]

The Bartolomeo Colleoni suffers from having comparatively poor armour protection and low crew count, at the same BR it is only better than its Japanese and US equivalents in this regard.

The protection of the [[ammo racks]] on this ship is somewhat better at the rear, where the magazines and shell rooms are situated below or between them and under the waterline. However, the racks on the front of the ship are partially exposed above the waterline, including one of the highly explosive shell rooms. Racks are equipped with double plate armour, consisting of 18 mm exterior armour and 20 mm interior armour, with gaps. The bow, stern, and deck are each protected by a single 20 mm plate. This is providing limited protection against high explosive shells, but will not stop armour-piercing or semi-armour-piercing shells.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|152/53 mm Ansaldo mod.1926 (152 mm)}}

RN Bartolomeo Colleoni has 4 turrets with 2 x 152 mm cannons each. They can load normal HE, APHEBC, or HE-TF shells. The turrets all have good horizontal traverse range, and only a small angle is required for a full broadside salvo. The fire rate is very poor for its calibre, at 15 seconds reload with ace crew compared to other 6-inch guns with 10-second reload, but with good ballistics and explosive filler, the HE shells should still be able to quickly dispatch any unfortunate destroyers. The APHEBC shells are well suited for use against better-armoured targets, such as other cruisers. The HE-TF shell can be useful against aircraft, but are difficult to use efficiently due to their fixed timed fuse.

{{:152/53 mm Ansaldo mod.1926 (152 mm)/Ammunition|152 mm HE Dirompente, 152 mm APHEBC Palla, 152 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)}}

RN Bartolomeo Colleoni has 6 x 100 mm cannons split into 3 turrets as secendary armament. They are positioned in the middle of the ship. Due to their placement, only two turrets can be fired in the same direction at the same time. Their reload speed is much better than the main cannons, as to be expected with the smaller calibre, which means they can be used efficiently as supplementary damage output while waiting for the main guns to reload. Three shell types are available: HE, APHE, and HE-TF*.

{{:100 mm/47 O.T.O. Mod. 1928 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm HE Dirompente, 100 mm APHE Perforante, 100 mm HE-TF Contro-aerea}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|40 mm/39 Vickers-Terni mod.1915/1917, Modif.1930 (40 mm)|Breda Model 31 (13.2 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|S.I. 250/533,4X7,5 Tipo A (533 mm)}}

''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships is a catapult with one Ro.43 scout plane which provides unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. The Ro.43 is a 2 seater equipped with two fixed offensive light machine guns and a single defensive machine gun turret, but no bombs. It does have the scout plane ability to cap zones and lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new!

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High top speed and manoeuvrability
* Very good gun firing angles, allowing the ship to fire at a steep angles and reduce the frontal profile
* One scout seaplane

'''Cons:'''

* Average anti-air defense
* Main guns has very poor rate of fire
* Very weak armour protection, the ship's barbettes in particular are completely exposed to enemy fire

== History ==

Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=it_cruiser_bartolomeocolleoni_1940 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[Condottieri (Family)|Condottieri Family]]
* [[RN Raimondo Montecuccoli]]
* [[Kerch (cruiser)|Kerch]]
* [[RN Eugenio di Savoia]]
* [[RN Duca degli Abruzzi]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5481-fleet-development-the-first-light-cruisers-in-war-thunder-en|[Devblog] The first Light Cruisers in War Thunder]]
* [[wikipedia:Italian cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni|[Wikipedia] Italian cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni]]
* ''Anatomy of the Ship: The Cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni'' by Franco Gay & Valerio Gay

{{ShipManufacturer Ansaldo}}
{{Italy light cruisers}}