War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Ki-45 (Family)

2022-11-28T09:10:23Z

U30317214:

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Ki-45 (Family)}}
==Description==
The '''Kawasaki Ki-45''' officially designated '''Army Type 2 Two-Seat Fighter''' was a two-seat, twin-engine fighter used by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.

Nicknames being:

* ▅ - ''Toryū'' (屠龍, "Dragonslayer")
* ▃ - ''Nick''

==Vehicles==
===Rank I===

* [[Ki-45 ko]] - Type KAIa (甲, Ko)

===Rank II===

* [[Ki-45 otsu]] - Type KAIb (乙, Otsu)
* [[Ki-45 hei]] - Type KAIc (丙, Hei)
* [[Ki-45 tei]] - Type KAId (丁, Tei)
* [[Ki-45 hei/tei (China)]] - Type KAIc/d (丙丁, Hei/Tei) (Chinese-captured variant)

===Rank III===

* [[Ki-96]] - Type II KAI (later re-designated Ki-96)

{{AirManufacturer Kawasaki}}
{{Japan fighters}}

[[Category:Family pages]]

File:ArtImage Ariete (Fighter).jpg

2022-06-17T17:31:02Z

U30317214:

PUMA

2022-03-31T11:08:20Z

U30317214:

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_schutzenpanzer_puma
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]].

The PUMA is a futuristic and unusual vehicle. It has a large profile, strong armor for an IFV, and weighs more than a [[T-72A]], but the mobility is still very good because of its impressive engine with more than 1,000 horsepower. The unmanned turret is equipped with a 30 mm autocannon with access to APFSDS and airburst rounds, reminiscent of the Swedish [[CV90 (Family)|CV90 family]]. The cherry on top is the MUSS soft-kill active protection system, which interferes with the guidance of incoming ATGMs. Although the PUMA is difficult to hide and is not particularly threatening to most MBTs from the front, it is a fairly tough target to destroy and can be a nightmare for enemy IFVs and helicopters, as it can shrug off most of their weapons and retaliate in turn.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The Puma has mediocre armour at first sight, barely withstanding 12.7 mm rounds.. Its most protected piece is the 15 mm additional plate on the lower glacis. However, the spacing and modules make this vehicle a very capable one when it comes to survivability. The frontal glacis is in two parts, the upper area is 5 mm RHA sloped at 76 degrees and the lower one is 15 mm RHA sloped at 32 degrees. Both the upper and lower plates will not stop anything but SPAA ammunition at the battle rating and HEATFS projectiles. The lower glacis plate is not as strong since not sloped as much, but penetrating this plate will often result in shrapnel stopped by the engine deck.
[[File:Puma IFV vs 9M133.png|left|thumb|9M133 can be stopped by the composite array depending on the obliquity of the armour at LOS.]]
Thanks to the engine bay being on the front of the tank, it acts as a spaced armour to protect the crew from all sorts of attacks, along with the lower glacis composite armour and spall shields dividing the engine bay and the crew compartment. However, it comes at the expense of being lit on fire multiple times. The Puma has access to a powerful ERA that protects its sides. However, it is only effective on certain chemical munitions as the side armour of the Puma is non-existent. This armour is similar to the armour package seen on the skirts of the Challenger 2 and it offers a 500 mm protection against chemical munitions with a successful disruption up to 550 mm at 0° LOS. This protection is increased as the angling is higher. It is unable to fight against tandem warheads and ATGMs with a penetration above the stipulated.

The space inside the crew compartment offers a really good protection for chemical energy shells such as HEATFS, ATGMs and anti-tank grenades, having a similar effect as on the Class 3(P). This makes the Puma capable of withstanding hits of almost all HEATFS of the BR and even some ATGMs without fatal damage. It is also able to reduce the penetration or stop ATGM like the [[9M113 Konkurs]] and 9M112 (ATGM of the [[T-64B]]) although do not expect it to happen all the time, it depends on your angling, where the missile impacts and overpressure mechanics.

;MUSS Active Protection System

The Puma has access to an infra-red jammer, the MUSS APS. It is a constant active APS which provides protection against a wide variety of threats. The jamming device (commander's optics like system on the highest mount of the turret's roof) is mounted on the roof of the tank to cover the vulnerable frontal arc. It is called "Infrared Countermeasure" for the following reason: SACLOS guidance utilizes a beam-riding guidance which is connected to the GPS (gunner main sight in some cases, on others it is a different sight like on [[T-55AM-1]] and [[T-62M-1]]) which uses a flare as reference point for the guidance system in the ATGM. The missile moves with the gunner's sight and the flare tries to stay on the crosshairs. IRCM confuses the GPS with a brighter IR light decoy acting as the flare (the flare is also IR) which signals the ATGM to move to a different position nowhere near from the gunner's target. Furthermore, PUMA's MUSS active protection system provides a protective sphere around the vehicle against incoming missiles. The system works in a similar fashion to the Shtora system found on the Soviet T-90A and the EIREL system found on the French AMX-30B2 BRENUS. Contrary to the Soviet and French systems however, there is no need to point in the direction of the incoming threat however. Instead, the system is fully automatic and constantly surveys the 360 degrees of the vehicle's surroundings.

MUSS will jam SACLOS missiles including wire-guidance: <div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3">

* [[3M7]] ([[IT-1]])
* [[9M17M Falanga]] ([[Mi-4AV]]/[[Mi-24A]])
* [[9M17P Falanga-PV]] ([[Mi-24D (USSR)|Mi-24D]])
* 9M112 ([[T-64B]] / [[T-80B]])
* [[9M113 Konkurs|9M113]] ([[BMP-1]]/[[SPz BMP-1]]/[[BMP-2]])
* [[9M114 Shturm]] ([[Shturm-S]]/Russian Helicopters)
* [[9M120 Ataka]] ([[Mi-35M]])
* [[9M120 Ataka|9M120-1 Ataka]] ([[Mi-28N]]/[[Mi-28A]])
* [[9M311]] ([[ZPRK 2S6]])
* [[BGM-71A TOW]]
* [[BGM-71B TOW]]
* [[BGM-71C I-TOW]]
* [[AS.11]]
* [[HOT-1]]
* [[HOT-2 TOW]]
* [[HOT-3]] ([[EC-665 Tiger HAD]]/[[EC-665 Tiger HAP]]/[[EC-665 Tiger UHT]])
* MGM-51B ([[M551 Sheridan|M551]]/[[M60A2]])
* MGM-51C ([[XM-803]]/[[MBT-70]]/[[KPz-70]])
* [[Swingfire]] ([[Swingfire]]/[[Striker]])
* [[MILAN]] ([[Marder A1-]]/[[Ratel 20]]/[[Warrior]])
* [[HJ-73E]] ([[ZBD86]])
* [[Roland]] ([[FlaRakPz 1]]/[[Roland 1]]/[[FlaRakRad]])
* [[VT1]] ([[FlaRakRad]]/[[ItO 90M]])
* ACRA ([[AMX-30 ACRA]])
* [[Rbs 55]] ([[UDES 33]]/[[Pvrbv 551]])</div>

Laser-guided missiles (AGM-114 Hellfire, MIM146 ADATS, etc) will not be jammed by MUSS. In order to let the APS work, it must be turned on with a key in the control section. The APS module can be destroyed.

MUSS can be used while on the move. While on the move (specially horizontally), the jammed ATGM will move in an uncontrolled direction like normal jamming but riskier, keep this in mind as it can hit a track, engine deck or close enough to create fragmentation and spot the Puma and/or friendlies. When moving forward to an enemy who fired an ATGM, it will be affected by the APS but due to the momentum, the ATGM can hit the Puma if the ATGM is redirected towards the ground. MUSS creates a thermal signature which can be seen with thermal sights. It also can also be used as an IR spotlight. It should be noted that this can be a disadvantage when in night maps as tanks with NVD (except when tanks are using thermal view) will be able to see the light beam. The APS should be turned on and off at commander's discretion. When on day maps, this will not be an issue. MUSS must have a clear line-of-sight with the enemy launcher (at least enemy sights must be able to see the tank). Tanks firing behind cover like the Swingfire can also be affected by the APS. As long as the enemy is within the jamming arc, the Puma will be protected against SACLOS ATGMs. It should be noted that the Puma has access to Laser Warning Receiver (LWR), so the player does not need to rely on visual contact with the ATGM and the launcher. Thankfully, the thermal sights will be capable of detecting the fireball created by the ATGMs at certain distances.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, slat)
* High hardness rolled armour (turret)
* Aliminium alloy 7039 (turret)
* Composite screen (hull roof)
* Bulletproof glass (rear door pane)
* ERA/NERA (hull sides)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15+5 mm (76°) ''Upper glacis - Top'' 15 mm (61°) ''Upper glacis - Bottom'' 15 mm (58-60°) ''Lower glacis'' || 15 mm (13°) ''Top'' 10+15 mm ''Bottom'' || 15 mm (10-15°) 60 mm (13°) ''Door window'' || 15+5 mm (14°) ''Front glacis'' 15+30 mm ''Fighting compartment'' 10 mm ''Radiator vent''
|-
| Turret || 25 mm ''Turret front'' 10 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 25+15 mm || 25+15 mm || 15+5 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks, and torsion bars are 20 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 15 mm thick.
* ERA and NERA panels cover the sides of the PUMA:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Sides
|-
| Hull || '''ERA''': 340 mm ''Top'' '''NERA''': 100+150 mm ''Radiator vent'' '''NERA''': 250 mm ''Bottom''
|-
|}

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)}}

''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[MK 30-2/ABM (30 mm)|30 mm MK 30-2/ABM]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 400 (100) || rowspan="2" | 200 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+45° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|APDS|Armour-piercing discarding sabot}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T*|High-explosive incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T*|High-explosive incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''MK266:''' {{Annotation|HEI-T*|High-explosive incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''PMC308:''' {{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer}}
* '''PMC287:''' {{Annotation|APFSDS|Armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 87 || 86 || 81 || 75 || 70 || 65
|-
| MK266 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3
|-
| PMC308 || 47 || 44 || 36 || 28 || 22 || 17
|-
| PMC287 || 121 || 119 || 111 || 97 || 93 || 83
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| MK266 || HEI-T* || 1,080 || 0.36 || 0 || 0.1 || 54.4 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| PMC308 || HEI-T || 1,100 || 0.36 || 0.2 || 1.5 || 0.8 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| PMC287 || APFSDS || 1,405 || 0.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''4''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG4 (5.56 mm)}}

''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG4 (5.56 mm)|5.56 mm MG4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (1,000) || 890 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The PUMA IFV is an effective vehicle against all types of targets, and even the heaviest of tanks such as the [[T-10M]] can even be defeated with a flanking maneuvre with APFSDS to the direct side at point blank. The best way to play the PUMA IFV is to go on the flank, using its mobility to get to places quickly. It has access to generation 2 thermals for the gunner and commander, and a very good optic which makes sniping an easy job to do. With the crewless turret, you can easily sit hull down in most positions which makes it hard for your enemies to effectively target you, though you are a big target, so it's best to be aware on the move.

Another way to play is being a support vehicle and slightly being aggressive, where you can support your teammates at the frontline aiming for weak spots of enemies with APFSDS, or flanking them as the APFSDS can cut through easy weak spots and the sides and rear of enemies. While the PUMA can survive and soak up shots due to the empty space inside the vehicle, you can still be disabled by an engine shot, or a well placed shot to the side where all your crew is packed together. The PUMA provides good protection against most chemical warhead weapons aside from tandem charged warheads, as the PUMA is equipped with a mix of CLARA Explosive Reactive Armor, and composite armor. It may occasionally bounce early APDS and APFSDS to the angle of the frontal armor but it's best to still play cautiously as no vehicle is invincible.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Access to IRCM that can disrupt most missiles.
* ERA on the side of the tank that will stop any chemical warheads.
* Crewless turret that can enable you to hull down effectively
* Empty space in the hull that can absorb shots.
* Access to APFSDS for an autocannon.
* Good mobility for its size.
* Blowout Panel for the turret.
* Very good optics
* Generation 3 Thermals for Commander and Gunner
* Laser Warning System to alert you of incoming fire from tanks or helicopters.

'''Cons:'''

* Big target for its vehicle type.
* Fire rate is subpar compared to most of its counterparts.
* Has a timed HEI-T shell instead of HE-VT.
* IRCM can be spotted easily in NVD and Thermal sights.
* No access to ATGMs unlike its counterparts.
* Stock belt is subpar for defeating ground vehicles.
* Engine area is in the front, which can easily be disabled.

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7604-development-puma-a-muss-have-en|[Devblog] PUMA: A "MUSS" Have]]

{{Germany light tanks}}

T-90A

2021-11-10T09:32:25Z

U30317214: Removed missiles that are not blocked by APS

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_90a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|T-90A WebsiteImage 1.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


Overall, the armour protection of the T-90A can be considered almost the same as in the [[T-72B3]] and [[T-80U]]. However, despite the hull being exactly the same as the T-72B3 with same thickness, composition, and add-on armour, the turret of the T-90A shows a new turret design which can be considered better due to the armour layout and composition. The T-90A, as the T-72B (1989) and T-72B3, has access to the CONTACT-5 ERA. This ERA (different from Relict and CONTACT-1 seen in other T-72B series) has the particularity that has stopping power against APFSDS (similar to Dorchester). Different from other T-72s, the T-90A has a rolled homogenous armour turret with spacing for composite armour blocks rather than built-in. Fuel tanks on either side of the driver can soak up some shrapnel and add to the overall survivability although they are most likely to be lit on fire if hit with HEAT-FS or an ATGM. However, as with all Russian autoloaded MBTs, there are only three crew members so a well-placed shot is capable of causing a crew knock-out. Despite having a carousel autoloader which is not protected by any blast shield like on the Leclerc and Type 90 MBTs, it is harder to ammo rack compared to the T-80s especially since the ammo is scattered horizontally on top of each other ("=" in this shape) and not in an L shape (in which charges are vertical and projectiles are horizontal). This reduces the chances of ammo rack compared to the T-80s. However, all side shots on the hull will be lethal regardless of the carousel as said shot will take your two crew members. The ERA offers really good protection against chemical energy penetrators such as HEAT-FS, ATGMs, and anti-tank grenades, having a protection of 420 mm against chemical energy and 120 mm against kinetic energy. This makes the tank capable of withstanding hits of all HEAT-FS of the BR (most of them penetrate between 320 mm to 480 mm) and ATGMs (between 400 mm to 1,000 mm). It should be noted that ERA itself cannot stop all the spalling created by the premature explosion, the armour plating is what stops the spalling in case the ATGM has more penetration than what the ERA can withstand.

==== Shtora-1 Active Protection System ====
The T-90A has access to an infrared jammer, the Shtora-1 APS. It is a constant APS which provides protection against a wide variety of threats. The scanner-type jamming device (also known as "doom eyes" or "Russian eyes") is mounted on the front of the turret to cover the vulnerable frontal arc. It is called an "infrared countermeasure" because SACLOS guidance utilizes a beam-riding guidance which is connected to the GPS (gunner main sight in some cases, on others it is a different sight like on [[T-55AM-1]] and [[T-62M-1]]) which uses a flare as reference point for the guidance system in the ATGM. The missile moves with the gunner's sight and the flare tries to stay on the crosshairs. IRCM confuses the GPS with a brighter IR light decoy acting as the flare (the flare is also IR) which signals the ATGM to move to a different position, overriding the gunner's flare. The Shtora-1 APS has a minimum jamming range of roughly 50 m, meaning it will only deviate ATGMs past 50 m although it depends on the ATGM speed and angle of attack. This is the approximate distance between all ATGMs in-game but it may vary. It will be able to jam a missile launched by a [[Swingfire]] faster due to its launch speed and flight path than an [[M3 Bradley]]. Shtora-1 has a field of view of 360 degrees horizontally (due to being turret mounted) and –5 to +25 degrees in elevation.

Shtora-1 will jam SACLOS missiles including wire-guidance:<div style="column-count:3;-moz-column-count:3;-webkit-column-count:3">
** [[3M7]] ([[IT-1]])
** [[9M17M Falanga]] ([[Mi-4AV]]/[[Mi-24A]])
** [[9M17P Falanga-PV]] ([[Mi-24D (USSR)|Mi-24D]])
** 9M112 ([[T-64B]] / [[T-80B]])
** [[9M113 Konkurs|9M113]] ([[BMP-1]]/[[SPz BMP-1]]/[[BMP-2]])
** [[9M114 Shturm]] ([[Shturm-S]]/Russian Helicopters)
** [[9M120 Ataka]] ([[Mi-35M]]/[[Mi-28N]])
** [[9M311]] ([[ZPRK 2S6]])
**
** [[BGM-71A TOW]]
** [[BGM-71B TOW]]
** [[BGM-71C I-TOW]]
** [[AS.11]]
** [[HOT-1]]
** [[HOT-2 TOW]]
** [[HOT-3]] ([[EC-665 Tiger HAD]]/[[EC-665 Tiger HAP]]/[[EC-665 Tiger UHT]])
** MGM-51B ([[M551 Sheridan|M551]]/[[M60A2]])
** MGM-51C ([[XM-803]]/[[MBT-70]]/[[KPz-70]])
** [[Swingfire]] ([[Swingfire]]/[[Striker]])
** [[MILAN]] ([[Marder A1-]]/[[Ratel 20]]/[[Warrior]])
** [[HJ-73E]] ([[ZBD86]])
** [[Roland]] ([[FlaRakPz 1]]/[[Roland 1]]/[[FlaRakRad]])
** [[VT1]] ([[FlaRakRad]]/[[ItO 90M]])
** ACRA ([[AMX-30 ACRA]])
** [[Rbs 55]] ([[UDES 33]]/[[Pvrbv 551]])
</div>

Laser guided missiles (AGM-114 Hellfire, MIM146 ADATS, etc) will not be jammed by Shtora-1.
[[File:T-90A Shtora NVD.png|left|thumb|303x303px|As seen in picture, Shtora-1 acts like "eyes" which emit IR light aura and beam which can be seen with NVD and act as a spotlight.]]
In order to let the APS work, it must be turned on ("Switch IRCM on/off" keybind). The APS can be destroyed. Shtora-1 can be used while on the move (although turret must be facing the enemy). While on the move (especially horizontally), the jammed ATGM will move in an uncontrolled direction like normal jamming but riskier, keep this in mind as it can hit a track, engine deck or close enough to create fragmentation and mark the tank and/or friendlies. When moving towards an enemy who fired an ATGM, it will be affected by the APS but due to the momentum, the ATGM may still hit if it is redirected towards the ground. Shtora-1 creates a thermal signature which can be seen with thermal sights. It also can also be used as an IR spotlight (as shown in picture). It should be noted that this can be a disadvantage when in night maps as tanks with NVD (except when tanks are using thermal view) will be able to see the light beam. The APS should be turned on and off at commander's discretion. When on day maps, this will not be an issue. Shtora must have a clear line-of-sight with the enemy launcher (at least enemy sights must be able to see the tank). Tanks firing from behind cover like the Swingfire can also be affected by the APS. As long as the enemy is within the jamming arc, the T-90 will be protected against SACLOS ATGMs. Different from [[AMX-30B2 BRENUS]], the T-90A has access to a Laser Warning Receiver (LWR) which lets the commander know when there is a laser aiming at them. The LWR will be triggered by laser rangefinders, laser-guided ATGMs and laser lock-on by helicopters. This is particularly helpful as the commander will know when they are being aimed at and can engage the target with the main gun or jam incoming ATGMs. When facing laser-guided missiles such as AGM-114 Hellfire, the Shtora-1 will not work. However, the LWR will trigger and the commander will be able to pop smoke '''(do not use ESS)''' and disrupt the laser lock-on. This not only works for Hellfires but for PARS 3 LR IR guided AGM (main AGM used by the [[EC-665 Tiger UHT]]) as the smoke disrupts the thermal signature.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled Homogenous Armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (68°) || 80 mm ''Top'' 20 mm ''Bottom'' || 40 mm || 30 - 40 mm
|-
| Turret || 70 mm ''Turret front'' 120 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 70 mm || 70 mm || 45 mm
|-
| Cupola || 100 mm || 100 mm || 100 mm || 45 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* CONTACT-5: 17 mm High Hardness Rolled Armour
* Shtora-1: 10 mm Structural Steel
* Tracks: 30 mm

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,550|rbMinHp=884}}

The T-90A has a greater mobility compared to previous T-72 series tanks. However, it lacks speed, manoeuvrability and reverse speed compared to the T-80 series but has a more powerful engine. The T-90A has mediocre speed and overall mobility compared to NATO tanks which is compensated with armour and low profile. With its powerful engine, the T-90A is able to pull and push enemy tanks with ease (winching them is recommended to activate the tank corpse track movement as they will not move if no cable is attached)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A46M-5 (125 mm)}}

The T-90A has access to the 2A46M-5 125 mm smoothbore main gun. This gun is nothing new in the Russian MBT tree and fires the same ammunition as seen in previous models (APFSDS varies from the T-72A to the rest of the T-72 and T-90 tanks). This can be considered as a pro as all rounds have same handling between series, including the 3BM46 (modern round for the T-90A). As all T-72 past T-72A, they are able to fire the 9M119 ATGM from the main gun. However, T-90A has access to the 9M119M1, a modernized 9M119 with a tandem charge with slightly reduced speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A46M-5 (125 mm)|125 mm 2A46M-5]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 43 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+14° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 22.8 || 31.6 || 38.4 || 42.5 || 45.2 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 7.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.3 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
The T-90A has access to the same ammunition shown in previous T-72s with exception of the 3BM46 and the 3OF26 EDKV (time-fused version of the standard HE shell). All are capable rounds which are not new and have same handling.

''HEAT-FS:''

The 3BK18M is the first round the T-90A has access to, it can be considered a mediocre round as most of the enemies which will be faced will be able to withstand it due to composite armour. However, it is particuallary useful when facing light armoured vehicles which are prompt to overpressure (SPAA, light tanks, etc) and useful when facing enemy helicopters as it has enough explosive mass and flight speed to be competitive as last resort. As a hollow charge, it is prompt to detonate mid air due to trees, bushes and fences. This makes the round difficult to use when in long range engagements as some field elements (forage, objects, etc.) may not be rendered and the round's velocity make aiming harder.

''APFSDS:''

The T-90A has access to 2 types of APFSDS: the 3BM42 and 3BM46. The 3BM42 is a decent round with decent penetration and stopping power. While it lacks penetration to penetrate Leopard 2 tanks upper frontal plate, Leclercs' lower frontal plate or M1A1/2 turret plates, it has enough penetration to hit and cause critical damage in weakspots and side shots. 3BM46 however, different from the 3BM42 seen in previous T-72s, has much more penetration (as seen in table) which can penetrate all tanks from all sides (be aware of Leopard 2 turret wedges and firing at M1A2 turret with an obliquity greater than 45°).

''ATGM:''

The 9M119M1 is a tandem version of the previously seen 9M119 SACLOS ATGM in past T-72's. The main upgrade is the tandem charge, everything else remains practically the same with exception of reduction of flight speed.

''HE:''

The 3OF26 EDKV is the time-fused version of the 3OF26 HE round met in previous T-72s. Fuse is set when laser rangefinding an object. It is pretty much useless against non-lightly armoured vehicles (even 20 mm roofs will stop the spalling if an air explosion is done) but can be devastating against helicopters as there will be no need for direct hit in order to cause critical damage.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 3BK18M || HEATFS || 550 || 550 || 550 || 550 || 550 || 550
|-
| 3OF26 EDKV || HE-TF || 42 || 42 || 42 || 42 || 42 || 42
|-
| 3BM42 || APFSDS || 457 || 454 || 445 || 431 || 419 || 406
|-
| 9M119M1 || ATGM (tandem) || 850 || 850 || 850 || 850 || 850 || 850
|-
| 3BM46 || APFSDS || 532 || 531 || 526 || 520 || 513 || 507
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 3BK18M || HEATFS || 905 || 19 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 2,790 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| 3OF26 EDKV || HE-TF || 850 || 23 || 0 || 0.1 || 5,240 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 3BM42 || APFSDS || 1,700 || 4.85 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 9M119M1 || ATGM (tandem) || 400 || 17.2 || 0.4 || 0.01 || 4,720 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| 3BM46 || APFSDS || 1,700 || 4.85 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 78° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''43''' || 40 ''(+3)'' || 37 ''(+6)'' || 22 ''(+21)'' || 0 ''(+43)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|6P50 (12.7 mm)|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[6P50 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm 6P50]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 300 (150) || 700 || -4°/+75° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

As a modernized T-72B (originally known as T-72BU), the T-90A has a similar playstyle to its predecessors. Due to reduced mobility (but better than the previous T-72), it cannot perform the exact same tasks as the T-80 series. It has three main playstyles.

===Flanking===
The T-90A performs well as a flanker. The low profile, low engine noise, and strong armour makes this a scary opponent in urban combat. However, it must be said that the T-90A has a horrible reverse speed, meaning there is little to no chances of retreating, each shot must count.

===Sniping===
Sniping is another area in which the T-90A performs well, as it has adequate shell velocity and penetration. The HEAT-FS is not an amazing shell in terms of armour penetration or muzzle velocity, but if a target is hit, it will most likely disable critical components if aimed right. The use of APFSDS is critical in this playstyle as it reduces the chances of missing due to higher velocity and easier aiming due to higher penetration. Due to the low profile nature of the tank with strong armour and additional ERA, the T-90A should attempt to stay hull-down, exposing minimal silhouette. Countering enemy fire is relatively easy due to the strong turret and K5 ERA. The addition of the Shtora-1 APS makes this a hull down monster that cannot be attacked without exposure.

===Frontline support===
This playstyle is very risky, as your slow reverse speed will turn your tank into a coffin, but with access to the 3BM46 shot, it will become more viable. Do not do this alone. Always try to have at least two reliable teammates covering you. Your main goal in this playstyle is to cover offensives, defend and attack bases. Cover weaker tanks by attracting fire and secure base capturers. In this mode, you should not focus on making experience for your own, like capturing bases, but to ensure the achievement of victory. This style will mostly take your tank as sacrifice, unless played very carefully and prudently, but victory multipliers will overcome your losses.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Shtora active protection system prevents otherwise lethal missiles from hitting the tank, ensuring that the tank's reactive armour lasts longer
* Impressive protection thanks to the ERA
* Very strong turret
* Access to the unlockable 3BM46 shell with very good penetration

'''Cons:'''

* Active protection system only covers whatever the turret is facing, meaning that you can still be blindsided by canny missile users
* Worst acceleration and top speed out of all top tier Russian MBTs
* Gun mantlet still a huge, and well known, weak spot
* Cramped interior, easy to one shot
* Gun depression and elevation next to non-existent
* Shtora active protection system doesn't work for MCLOS (manually guided) and laser-guided missiles

== History ==


=== [[wt:en/news/6931-development-t-90a-boris-the-bullet-dodger-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1989, the Ural Design Bureau of Heavy Engineering developed a prototype of a modernized T-72B tank, designated as "Object 188". The vehicle was a deep modification of the Soviet main battle tank, with a number of modern technical solutions, including a new fire control system, guided weapons, combined protection and a completely innovative electro-optical active protection system. The tank successfully passed tests and was recommended for mass production under the designation T-90; its serial production began in 1992. Meanwhile, the systemic economic crisis in Russia forced the tank builders to stop serial production of the tank. Meanwhile, research and development on a further T-90 modernization continued for the needs of foreign operators, as well as the Russian Army. Soon, when the economic situation in the industry began to improve, the tank builders combined their developments into an upgrade program, the T-90A. Unlike the basic version, the new tank featured a slightly more powerful engine, and a welded turret with improved protection. The main difference is the increased fire potential: a new cannon and a modern fire control system with an advanced thermal imaging sight. The T-90A tank was produced from 2004 to 2011.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=ussr_t_90a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="T-90A Devblog Images" heights="200">
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:T-90A WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|CFmL0qG0bB4|'''The Shooting Range #231''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6931-development-t-90a-boris-the-bullet-dodger-en|[Devblog] T-90A: Boris the Bullet Dodger]]

{{USSR medium tanks}}
[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]