War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

J21A-2

2021-11-28T15:18:11Z

U2962608: /* History */

{{About
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = J21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_j21a_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_saab_j21a_2.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 616 || 599 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.0 || 21.9 || 12.6 || 12.6 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 666 || 640 || 19.0 || 20.0 || 19.0 || 15.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 445 || 425 || 325 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 420 || > 715
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

* 10 mm steel - Firewall armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Firewall cover armour plate
* 10 mm steel - Pilot's back armour plate
* 60 mm bulletproof glass

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===

{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/45 (20 mm)|Akan m/39A (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Akan m/45 cannon, nose-mounted (140 rpg)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, nose-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39A machine guns, wing-mounted (325 rpg = 650 total)

== Usage in battles ==


The J21A-2 (along with the rest of the J21A variants) is an excellent energy fighter. The plane retains and gains speed very well, as long as it is flying in a straight line. In level flight or in a dive, the J21A is very fast and can outrun most of its opponents. Additionally, it can manoeuvre quite well compared to some of its opponents but pilots must watch to ensure their speed does not drop too low as this makes the J21A an easy target. The nose mounted armament makes it possible to successfully fight head-on with opponents and the 20 mm cannon is especially devastating when combined with the 13.2 mm machine guns. This armament also makes the J21A good as a bomber-interceptor since it can knock out critical components of an opponent's aircraft very quickly.

Overall, the J21A was designed (and should be used) as an interceptor. One excellent tactic is to climb at about 20 degrees until reaching 4000-5000 meters and operating from that altitude in a boom-and-zoom role. This enables the J21A to use its excellent dive speed and heavy armament to maximum effect.

Another effective tactic is to fly level and fast at medium altitude 2000-3000 meters and act as a support fighter, assisting team mates who are overwhelmed by picking off some of their opponents in hit-and-run attacks. While the J21 can manoeuvre quite well (especially with combat flaps) it is not advisable to do this except as a last resort because the aircraft bleeds speed very rapidly. Also, this can expose the J21's engine (mounted in the rear of the aircraft) to and an enemy, allowing him the opportunity to knock out the J21's engine or hit its fuel tank (centrally located between the cockpit and the engine). This is another reason to avoid running away from an opponent, except when you can dive faster than the enemy or outclimb him. Many planes at the J21's level can keep up with it, although many also cannot. As long as you know your opponent and their capabilities, you can use the J21 very effectively.

Although the J21 can be set on fire rather easily due to its centrally located fuel tank, it is often possible to put out the fire by diving very steeply and fast. This creates enough of a slipstream around the fuselage to often put out the fire.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very stable, does not stall in level flight even with the throttle set to zero
* Retains controllability at all speeds, even when stalling
* Engine protected from head-on attacks
* Most armament is nose-mounted
* Heavy armament with excellent ammunition belts

'''Cons:'''

* Pusher aircraft, engine mounted facing rear, exposed to enemy aircraft which may follow
* Required to set convergence due to wing-mounted machine guns
* Loses speed rapidly in sharp turns
* Long weapon reload time (in AB)
* Has one of the most expensive aircraft to repair in AB at ~19 K Silver Lions
* Water cooling system overheats fast on WEP

== History ==

The J21A-2 was a variant of the Saab 21, a twin-boom propeller fighter used by the Swedish air force. A unique design, it had a pusher-configuration engine and a twin-boom tail, giving it a very unique appearance. The J21A-2 was the second production variant of the J21 fighter, featuring a Swedish-built 20 mm cannon along with numerous other refinements. A total of 124 J-21A-2 aircraft were built in two batches; these aircraft served as the mainline Swedish fighter until the introduction of more capable jet-engined fighters.

In the early 1940s, it was apparent that Sweden badly needed a new fighter aircraft. Thus, Sweden ordered SAAB to design a new aircraft based on the German Daimler-Benz DB 601, 603 or 605 engine. At that time, the German and Swedish had a series of neutrality agreements, allowing Sweden to import the German-made aircraft engines. One radical configuration considered was a twin-boom aircraft, similar to the P-38 Lightning, but with a single rear-mounted engine in pusher configuration. However, SAAB was initially asked to instead produce the J23, a more conventional aircraft design.

In late 1941, the Swedish air ministry reverted to its previous decision and asked the SAAB firm to produce the J21 design. Thus, design work progressed through 1942 and 1943. The final prototype featured a twin-boom wing with a single DB-605B engine, and carried a main armament of one 20 mm cannon along with four 13.2 mm heavy machine guns. The first prototype flew in mid-1943, but was quickly revealed to have inferior performance to the Fw 190, Spitfire and P-51 Mustang. However, 484 aircraft were ordered anyway.

The first of these aircraft, named J21A-1, entered service in 1945 with a total of 54 aircraft built. The J21A-2 was a later version that entered service in 1946-1947, with 66 aircraft built in two batches for a total of 124 aircraft. The J21A-2 featured numerous minor improvements compared to the J21A-1, including the installation of a Swedish 20 mm cannon and better avionics.

The J21A-2 entered service in 1947, but had an extremely short service life. The aircraft's poor performance and relative obsolescence meant that it served for an extremely short time. The 124 aircraft built were quickly replaced by the more modern J29 Tunnan and British de Havilland Vampire, leading to the aircraft’s retirement by 1954. However, it is worth noting that SAAB also experimented with coupling a jet engine to the J21 airframe; this resulted in the A21RB, a unique aircraft coupling the J21's fuselage with a de Havilland Ghost engine. No J21A-2 airframes still exist but three J21A-3 aircraft still exist in museums today.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474726-saab-j21a-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden fighters}}

Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)

2021-11-27T13:12:23Z

U2962608: /* Available ammunition */

== Description ==

[[File:Type 99 Mark 2 Auto-Cannon.jpg|thumb|left|400x400px|Type 99 Model 2 Mark 3]]

The '''Type 99 Model 2''' was the main 20 mm aircraft cannon for the Imperial Japanese Navy during WW2, replacing the earlier drum-fed [[Type 99 Model 1 (20 mm)|Type 99 Model]]. It was mounted on nigh every IJN aircraft in a pair or quad setup, allowing for a significant firepower boost that helped the fighters of the time compete with the exceedingly well-armed American aircraft that they faced.

The principal differences between Model 2 and Model 1 consist of a longer barrel and a longer chamber. The barrel protrudes 18 inches beyond the leading edge when mounted in the wings of fighter aircraft. The projectiles used are identical to the Model 1, but the cartridge employed contains approximately 40% more propellant than the older type, thereby increasing the velocity of the Model 2 to a respectable 750 m/s opposed to the Model 1's 600 m/s.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|A6M}}{{Specs-Link|a6m3_mod22ko_zero}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m5_zero}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m5ko}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m5otsu}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m5hei}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a6m6c}}
{{Navigation-Line|A7M}}{{Specs-Link|a7m1}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|a7m2}}
{{Navigation-Line|J2M}}{{Specs-Link|j2m2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m3}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m4_kai}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j2m5}}
{{Navigation-Line|J6K}}{{Specs-Link|j6k1}}
{{Navigation-Line|N1K}}{{Specs-Link|n1k1_ja}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|n1k2_j}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|n1k2_jko}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Twin-engine fighters'''}}{{Specs-Link|j1n1_mod11_early}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|j5n1}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Bombers'''}}{{Specs-Link|b7a2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|g8n1}} (Defensive)

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==


The Model 2 cannons have a rate of fire of 490 RPM, implying the variant in game is the Model 2 Mark 3, as the later Model 2 Mark 5 cannon had a sustained rate of fire of 620 RPM. Muzzle velocity is average, between 700 m/s and 750 m/s depending on the shell. It is of note that the Model 2 cannons typically hold a large amount of rounds per gun, ranging from 150 to 250, which allows for a significantly large ammunition pool in its traditional quad or double mount setup.

=== Available ammunition ===


* T - Standard tracer shell
* FI - Fragmentation Incendiary shell
* AP-I - Armour Piercing Incendiary shell, second most common among belt setups
* HEF - High Explosive Fragmentation shell, most common among belt setups
* HEF-T - Tracer variant of HEF shell, slightly higher muzzle velocity but lower explosive power

'''Belts:'''

* Default: T, FI, FI, API
* Universal: HEF-T, HEF, HEF, AP-I
* Ground Targets: AP-I, AP-I, AP-I, AP-I, HEF, HEF-T
* Tracers: HEF-T, HEF-T, HEF-T, HEF-T
* Stealth: HEF, HEF, HEF, AP-I, AP-I

=== Comparison with analogues ===


{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Cartridge
!Projectile weight
!Rate of fire
!Muzzle velocity
!Gun weight
|-
| colspan="2" |
|(grams)
|(rpm)
|(m/s)
|(kg)
|-
! colspan="6" |France
|-
|[[Hispano 404 (20 mm)|Hispano 404]]
|20 × 110
|130
|700
|880
|60
|-
! colspan="6" |Germany
|-
|[[MG FF (20 mm)|MG FF]]
|20 × 80RB
|134
|520
|600
|28
|-
|[[MG FF/M (20 mm)|MG FF/M]]
|20 × 80RB
|92/115
|540/520
|700/585
|28
|-
|[[MG 151 (20 mm)|MG 151/20]]
|20 × 82
|92/115
|750–800
|800/720
|42
|-
! colspan="6" |Japanese Army
|-
|[[Ho-1 (20 mm)|Ho-1]]
|20 × 125
|144
|400
|805
|45
|-
|[[Ho-3 (20 mm)|Ho-3]]
|20 × 125
|144
|400
|805
|45
|-
|[[Ho-5 (20 mm)|Ho-5]]
|20 × 94
|96
|750–850
|715
|37
|-
! colspan="6" |Japanese Navy
|-
|Type 99 Mark 1 Model 2~3
|20 × 72RB
|129
|520~550
|600
|23~27
|-
|Type 99 Mark 2 Model 3~5
|20 × 101RB
|129
|480~720
|750
|35~38
|-
! colspan="6" |Great Britain
|-
|[[Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)]]
|20 × 110
|130
|600
|880
|50
|-
|[[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)]]
|20 × 110
|130
|750
|840
|42
|-
! colspan="6" |USSR
|-
|[[ShVAK (20 mm)|ShVAK]]
|20 × 99R
|95
|800
|750–770
|42
|-
|[[B-20 (20 mm) (Family)|B-20]]
|20 × 99R
|95
|800
|750–770
|25
|-
|[[VYa-23 (23 mm)|VYa-23]]
|23 × 152B
|200
|550
|880
|69
|-
|[[NS-23 (23 mm)|NS-23]]
|23 × 115
|200
|550
|690
|37
|-
! colspan="6" |United States
|-
|[[AN/M2 (20 mm)|AN/M2]]
|20 × 110
|130
|600–700
|870
|51
|-
|[[M3 (20 mm)|M3]]
|20 × 110
|130
|600–750
|840
|54
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Type 99 Mark 2's are very "middle of the road" cannons in War Thunder, as they are not amazing at anything but not bad at anything either. Although they have gotten a bad reputation for poor damage output, the Mark 2's raw damage is quite respectable when aimed well. Being middle of the road weapons means that you can use them in many scenarios and they will perform their job amicably, but the usage style changes depending on what aircraft one is approaching. When engaging fighter aircraft, a quick burst to the cockpit or tail is generally enough to get the job done, but you might have to use more ammunition for heavier aircraft such as twin-engined fighters or attackers. When engaging bombers, the pilot must take a more reserved approach when attacking as a good amount of bombers that one will face can soak up damage like a sponge, so aiming at the engines and wings are crucial for preserving ammunition.

Your belt of choice should be the reliable ''Universal'' belt, as it provides the most balanced ammunition spread and a tracer for aiming. However, if you are familiar with the Mark 2's ballistics, the ''Stealth'' belt is an excellent choice due to the removal of the tracer round and an additional AP-I shell, allowing you to sneakily strike unaware enemies.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good all-rounder weapons that deal decent damage to all targets
* Typically carries a large ammunition load
* Lower rate of fire allows for forced conservation of ammunition
* Hard to jam, able to fire continuously for nearly 10 seconds with crew skills
* Reasonably accurate
* Seems to excel in starting fires
* HEF shell is excellent and deals great damage

'''Cons:'''

* Has a tendency to spark
* Low rate of fire, nearly half of contemporaries
* Guns are usually mounted on the wings, creating significant convergence

== History ==

Around early 1935, Japan noticed that it was starting to fall behind in armaments as the 7.7 mm Type 97 and Type 87 machine guns became obsolete, and as such turned their gaze northwest to search for a solution. The Japanese Army sought to upscale their M2 Browning derived Ho-103 machine gun, which became the excellent Ho-5, but the Navy searched for a lighter cannon due to the emphasis on weight saving in aircraft. The Oerlikon FF became the weapon of choice and the IJN negotiated to produce the cannon in Japan, which was designated simply as ''E-Shiki''. The ''E-Shiki'' was continuously refined and improved until 1941, when it received the Type 99 designation. Although inferior to the Army's Ho-5, it was the lightest aircraft cannon of the war at a mere ~23-27 kilograms thanks to its APIB action, making it the first choice for the Navy's new lightweight, carrier-borne fighter aircraft that would become the legendary A6M Zero. The early Model 1 cannon was based on the Oerlikon FF and was fed by a 60 round drum magazine, although this changed to a higher capacity 100-round drum magazine around 1942.

The Model 2 cannon emerged mid-1942 as a heavier alternative based on the Oerlikon FFL in response to the larger and stronger airframes of later Japanese aircraft that could accommodate larger weapons. The larger size, weight and more efficient cyclic action allowed for a significant increase in muzzle velocity, from 600 m/s to 750 m/s at the cost of a slightly lower rate of fire of 490 RPM in the earlier marks (something that was remedied in the later marks). The first mark used the same 60-100 round drum magazines as the Model 1 cannon, but this was changed to proper belt feeds that allowed for significantly more ammunition to be carried in mark 3, the most common of the versions. The last mark to see service was the Mark 5, which introduced a number of improvements and innovations in the bolt and belt feed systems to achieve a much higher rate of fire of 750~850 RPM but saw limited use due to its late introduction in May of 1945.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Japan aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

J22-B

2021-11-27T12:45:32Z

U2962608:

{{About
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = J22-A
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ffvs_j22_b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_ffvs_j22_b.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

With World War II on the brink of starting, Sweden realized that their air fleet was outdated and many foreign options fell through either through unacceptable offers, embargoes or unrealistic transit times. SAAB was already at maximum capacity building SAAB 17 fighters and SAAB 18 bombers and could not help. To bypass this problem, a new company and factory were setup (Royal Air Administration Factory in Stockholm, FFVS) to build the J 22 fighter. This fighter was relatively straight forward as a steel frame and plywood covered aircraft of a conventional build. The main landing gear retracted into the fuselage and everything was built simplistically to aid in the expedient building along with easy maintenance.

Due to the necessity of needing engines for this aircraft, an unlicensed copy of the Pratt & Whitney R-1830 engine was built and utilised (though later the license fees were paid). The simplicity of the aircraft not only made it a dream to build and maintain but for the pilots which flew it, they stated that it was well-liked and was very responsive resulting in good manoeuvrability. Though problems typical to tail-dragger aircraft, forward visibility while taxiing was terrible and it was necessary to lock in the tail wheel on takeoff to prevent the aircraft from entering into a ground-loop and crashing. Pilots found that the {{PAGENAME}} could hold its own in a mock dogfight with Swedish P-51s (J 26) as long as they remained under 4,000 m (13,000 ft), anywhere above that, the fighter began to struggle and lose any equality or advantage it had over the Mustangs and required the pilot to really work the controls just to be anywhere close to competitive. Tight turns sometimes resulted in the {{PAGENAME}} inadvertently flipping over onto its back.

Pilots in War Thunder will find controlling the {{PAGENAME}} relatively easy especially when speed is maintained as long as they remain under the 4,000 m ceiling. This fighter is not necessarily the best choice for intercepting bombers unless they attempt to tackle the smaller attacker/bombers or low-altitude strategic bombers like the [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17]], [[Su-2 (Family)|Su-2]]s or other bombers in this size/weight range. The {{PAGENAME}} should be able to hold its own with most fighters in a dogfight, however, it would be wise to look for any speed/height advantages before taking on an A6M or Spitfire. Like many fighters of its day, being outfitted with only machine guns can mean more time spent firing at a target, but for those pilots who properly set their convergence and then fight within that range, the four machine guns should be more than sufficient to take down most enemy fighters.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The {{PAGENAME}} is a relatively easy fighter to fly, like many Spitfire pilots, Swedish pilots stated that this aircraft was very responsive, move the control surface and the aircraft went where you wanted it, unlike the German Bf 109s which at times were a struggle to fly which almost seemed to need to be beaten into submission. With the ease of manoeuvrability for the {{PAGENAME}}, pilots will find it a good opportunity to practice (and perfect) canopy rolls, Split-S, Immelmann and even wing-over manoeuvres, not only to get a good feel for the aircraft but also to incorporate them into the offensive and defensive manoeuvres the pilot will definitely need for combat.

The {{PAGENAME}} is a good middle of the road aircraft, especially with its manoeuvrability. Some may fear heavy hitters such as the P-47, J2M or Fw 190, but with using throttle control and manoeuvring characteristics of this fighter, it can wiggle its way out of tight spots and can even end up causing the enemy to overshoot where then it can line up a shot and dispatch the overeager pilot now caught in the cross-hairs.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 538 || 520 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.1 || 23.0 || 7.4 || 7.4 || rowspan="2" | 330
|-
! Upgraded
| 585 || 560 || 19.9 || 21.0 || 14.5 || 10.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 487 || 444 || 225 || ~9 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 370 || < 340 || > 320
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

[[File:J22 Armor Plating.png|300px|thumb|right|Protective components found in the {{PAGENAME}}.]]

* 60 mm - bulletproof glass
* 5 mm - engine-cockpit firewall
* 10 mm steel - pilot's seat
* 10 mm steel - pilot's headrest

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/39 (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39 machine guns, wing-mounted (250 rpg = 1,000 total)

Having found the two different calibre machine guns hampered the effectiveness of the J 22A, a second version of the aircraft was released where the two 8 mm machine guns were removed and replaced with two more 13.2 mm Akan m/39 machine guns, allowing for a total of four 13.2 mm machine guns. While this may only seem to have been a slight increase, the difference is remarkable because it allowed for the pilots to relax a bit their preparation and attack on enemy aircraft, giving them more time to plan and execute the attack then calculate convergence and drop rate of their ammunition.

It is still necessary for the pilot to factor in convergence for their guns due to all four being mounted in the wings. With all the same calibre, bullet drop can be more predictable since they are will all start to lose energy and drop relatively at the same time. This helps to ensure more rounds hitting the enemy target and less missing. With this consistency, pilots which prefer to attack aircraft from a bit more of a distance can set their convergence from 350 m – 600 m with good results and some with experience to be set as much as 800 m. Though, much like the J 22A, having the convergence set from 250 m to 400 m and attacking within the 200 m to 350 m range will rain down a hail storm of bullets intent on dismantling or destroying critical components of the enemy aircraft.

== Usage in battles ==


Like many Soviet aircraft which were devoid of any turbochargers or superchargers, the {{PAGENAME}} is best flown between low altitudes and 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Any higher and this aircraft will struggle and be prey to higher altitude fighters which have the extra horsepower kick from these engine chargers. To effectively relate, flying above 4,000 m in this aircraft is akin to flying a stock aircraft in a normal situation, not as fast, not as manoeuvrable and not a powerful as it could be and an easier target for those aircraft which are.

Knowing this important information, the {{PAGENAME}} can still clean up at the lower altitude, especially at the ranks it will be flying at. Even though some enemy aircraft will begin to test height limits by passing 4,000, 5,000 and even 7,000 m, let them go and let the turbocharger and supercharger aircraft concentrate on them. At the lower altitudes, the {{PAGENAME}} can still be an effective fighter, attacker and bomber interceptor.

Air targets belt is the preferred option, as the sheer number of HEF-T rounds (3/4 of the belt in fact) will tear through enemy aircraft.

;Low altitude bomber-attacker/interceptor

In early matches, there are always players which insist on taking their bombers and interceptors to the deck where they can scatter the smaller 50 kg and 100 kg bombs on vehicles, pillboxes, anti-aircraft artillery and other targets and some of these aircraft even excel at this low altitude. The {{PAGENAME}} can take advantage of its more powerful engine at the lower altitude and attack bombers and attackers which are inbound or lining up to drop their ordnance. Due to these bombers and attacker aircraft typically having defensive gunners, the {{PAGENAME}} pilot will need to find an angle of attack which exposes them the least while giving them the best opportunity to shoot off a wing or make a critical shot in a fuel tank, engine, oil cooler, water cooler or even knock out the pilot. Sitting behind these aircraft and shooing away is not a smart move as the {{PAGENAME}} is susceptible to lose its engine or take a hit in a fuel tank or worse, the pilot.

;Fighter interceptor

The {{PAGENAME}} is a relatively nimble aircraft and should be able to play both a Boom & Zoom style of fighting and also a limited version of turn fighting. Although turn fighting with biplanes is a bad idea, other contemporary monoplanes should at least be an even match. Care must be taken if a fighter with a speed or altitude advantage attacks as you must be ready to manoeuvre into a canopy roll, reduce throttle and work to cause the enemy to overshoot where you can power back up, line up a shot and make an attack of your own. When attempting to Boom & Zoom a target, don’t get wrapped up in turning to fight immediately after attacking if you miss or don’t damage them as bad as hoped, it is best to speed away and set up for another attack when the advantage is once again in your possession. Immediately turning into a fight after zooming in will cause the aircraft to bleed a lot of speed, while you may still get the shot, you are now in a difficult position of being in a lower state of energy and a more vulnerable target for enemy aircraft.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good top speed
* Light and nimble
* Small silhouette
* Underestimated agility, can quickly turn tables on attackers
* Has mirrors for rear viewing
* Four 13.2 mm machine guns with access to HEF-T rounds by default will shred the generally unarmored planes

'''Cons:'''

* Poor high altitude performance, but in a downtier almost no planes climb to altitudes high enough to be a significant disadvantage and in an uptier enemy attackers are generally easy pickings
* No suspended ordnance and a lack of penetration from the 13.2 mm guns leave it lacking in ground attack options

== History ==

==== Aircraft development and history ====
As World War started to break out in Europe in 1939, a nervous neutral Sweden watched as the Soviets attempted to advance on Finland and Germany amassing power and heading for France. Looking at its current air forces, the Swedish military realized their fighter aircraft, older Gloster Gladiator [[J8A|J 8]] biplane fighters were largely outdated when compared to up and coming Bf 109s and early Soviet fighters like the [[I-301]] (or later known as [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3]]. With SAAB’s current production plant cranking out SAAB 17 reconnaissance/bombers with SAAB 18 bomber in development, no room, mechanics or design team personnel were available to spare for the development and creation of a modern fighter airplane for the Swedish Air Force.

Desperate for immediate aircraft, Sweden reached out to the United States with an interest in the Seversky P-35 (J 9) and the P-66 Vanguard (J 10) which almost 250 of these aircraft were ordered, however, as fate would have it, Germany invaded Norway in mid-1940 resulting in the United States halting the exporting of all weapons through an embargo with any foreign country with the exception of Great Britain. A new look cast light on the Finnish fighter the VL Myrsky and the Soviet Polikarpov I-16, however, the aircraft did not make the cut and did not meet the requirements that the Swedish military was looking for. Though the Mitsubishi [[A6M (Family)|A6M]] Zero was an option, attempting to deliver these from Japan was not a feasible option. Instead, a decision was made to build a local fighter, however as a stop-gap measure, several [[CR.42]] (J 11) and Reggiane [[Re.2000 G.A.|Re.2000]] (J 20) fighters were purchased.

Since SAAB had its hands full with current projects, a new aircraft manufacture and manufacturing facility was created specifically to build a new fighter, the Royal Air Administration Aircraft Factory in Stockholm or FFVS which was under the direction of Bo Lundberg.<ref name="Langbro" /> The new fighter designated J 22 was to be a monoplane constructed with a steel airframe which was covered in plywood, giving it sufficient strength, but keeping its weight down to a manageable level.<ref name="Fridsell" /><ref name="Aceto" /> This aircraft had many similarities with fighters being developed in the west, especially since the engine it utilised was an unlicensed copy of the Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp. The nose of the aircraft housed the radial engine while the cockpit sat behind it situated just behind the leading edge of the wings. The fuselage tapered from the front to a narrow rear frame ending at the tailplane where the vertical and horizontal stabilizers are located. The wings set low on the fuselage with the landing gear retracting into the fuselage as opposed to the wings on many European and Soviet aircraft.

The aircraft was a bit awkward for the pilots while taxiing as the nose sat fairly high and blocked a significant portion of the pilot’s field of view, requiring the pilot to waggle the tail while taxiing to ensure nothing was in front of them, however after the plane took off, as many Swedish pilots noted, it was a very pleasant aircraft to fly.<ref name="Langbro" /> Due to the strong frame and the light bodywork, the controls of the aircraft were very responsive to the pilot’s inputs and much like the Spitfire aircraft of the Royal British Air Force; pilots thoroughly enjoyed flying these planes. Pilots also claimed that during mock dogfights with P-51 (J 26) fighters, the {{PAGENAME}} could hold its own all the way up to around 4,000 – 5,000 m (13,000 – 16,000 ft), any higher the aircraft lacked a supercharger which caused the engine performance to significantly drop and at that point the aircraft became a beast to control, therefore operations were kept at 4,000 m or below.<ref name="Fridsell" />

There were three versions of the aircraft built, the J 22A (or J 22 UBv “Ursprunglig Beväpning” (original armament)) was the first production aircraft which though a good aircraft, was considered lacking in the firepower department due to it only having 2 x 8 mm and 2 x 13.2 mm machine guns. However, the second version, the J 22B (or J 22 FBv “Förbättrad Beväpning” (improved armament)) was the same aircraft however, the two 8 mm machine guns were removed and replaced with two more 13.2 mm machine guns, for a total of four (two in each wing). Several were modified into reconnaissance aircraft, however later they were converted back into fighters; these were known as S 22-1 aircraft.

These aircraft were well-liked by pilots and even more well-liked by their maintainers due to their ease of maintenance, having enough parts on hand ensured these aircraft remained airworthy and ready to go. None were ever exported to a foreign country and all served only under the Swedish flag until the last one was retired in 1952.

'''Excerpt taken from an interview with Ove Müller-Hansen, Squadron Commander, 2nd Squadron (2:a divisionen), F10 Wing, Ängelholm'''

''I have read that you once ended up in a dogfight with a FW 190?''

"That is completely wrong. What happened was that I was over Malmö Harbor in a fight in my J22 with a Heinkel 111. He was shooting at me and I was shooting at him, trying to make him leave Swedish territory. I finally got him smoking. He was probably on his way to Copenhagen, but I don't think he made it as he was losing altitude. I saw an aircraft behind me and I thought it was a FW 190 as they also were stationed in Copenhagen and I pulled away as much as I could and was able to lose him. It turned out that it was my wingman. He was a little late taking off so he was rather far behind me. The J22 was very similar to the FW190 so it was difficult to tell them apart. We were really scared of the FW 190. We could probably out-turn them but we really didn't want to try... My wingman was a little angry at me after this incident, but I told him what happened and he understood."<ref name="Langbro" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=sweden&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=ffvs_j22_b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:FFVS_J22_WTWallpaper_001.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:FFVS_J22_WTWallpaper_002.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:FFVS_J22_WTWallpaper_003.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:FFVS_J22_WTWallpaper_005.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:FFVS_J22_WTWallpaper_006.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|2liNekQlD0U|'''Lethal weapon! {{PAGENAME}} Review!"''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Brewster [[F2A-1|F2A]] Buffalo
* Curtiss [[P-36 (Family)|P-36]] Hawk
* CAC [[Boomerang Mk I (Great Britain)|Boomerang]]
* Polikarpov [[I-180S|I-180]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6503-development-ffvs-j22-settling-the-bill-en|[Development] FFVS J22: Settling The Bill]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213150808/http://www.hobbybokhandeln.se/j22/index.htm F.F.V.S. J22 Fighter Aircraft - From a technical perspective - Service in the Swedish Airforce 1943-1952]
* [[wikipedia:FFVS_J_22|[Wikipedia] FFVS J 22]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474732-j22-2b/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references>
<ref name="Langbro">Langbro, H. (2003, January 15). F.F.V.S. J22 Fighter Aircraft From a technical perspective. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20120213150814/http://www.hobbybokhandeln.se/j22/pilot.htm.</ref>
<ref name="Fridsell">Fridsell, M., & Waligorski, M. (2006, September 22). FFVS J 22 in Detail. Retrieved from https://www.ipmsstockholm.org/magazine/2002/01/stuff_eng_detail_j22.htm.</ref>
<ref name="Aceto">Aceto, G. (2019, July 19). The Saab J21. Retrieved from https://www.historynet.com/the-saab-j21.htm.</ref>
</references>

{{AirManufacturer FFVS}}
{{Sweden fighters}}

J22-A

2021-11-27T12:45:07Z

U2962608:

{{About
| about = Swedish fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = J22-B
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ffvs_j22_a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_ffvs_j22_a.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

With World War II on the brink of starting, Sweden realized that their air fleet was outdated and many foreign options fell through either through unacceptable offers, embargoes or unrealistic transit times. SAAB was already at maximum capacity building SAAB 17 fighters and SAAB 18 bombers and could not help. To bypass this problem, a new company and factory were setup (Royal Air Administration Factory in Stockholm, FFVS) to build the J 22 fighter. This fighter was relatively straight forward as a steel frame and plywood covered aircraft of a conventional build. The main landing gear retracted into the fuselage and everything was built simplistically to aid in the expedient building along with easy maintenance.

Due to the necessity of needing engines for this aircraft, an unlicensed copy of the Pratt & Whitney R-1830 engine was built and utilised (though later the license fees were paid). The simplicity of the aircraft not only made it a dream to build and maintain but for the pilots who flew it, they stated that it was well-liked and was very responsive resulting in good manoeuvrability. Though problems typical to tail-dragger aircraft, forward visibility while taxiing was terrible and it was necessary to lock in the tail wheel on takeoff to prevent the aircraft from entering into a ground-loop and crashing. Pilots found that the {{PAGENAME}} could hold its own in a mock dogfight with Swedish P-51s (J 26) as long as they remained under 4,000 m (13,000 ft), anywhere above that, the fighter began to struggle and lose any equality or advantage it had over the Mustangs and required the pilot to really work the controls just to be anywhere close to competitive. Tight turns sometimes resulted in the {{PAGENAME}} inadvertently flipping over onto its back.

Pilots in War Thunder will find controlling the {{PAGENAME}} relatively easy especially when speed is maintained as long as they remain under the 4,000 m ceiling. This fighter is not necessarily the best choice for intercepting bombers unless they attempt to tackle the smaller attacker/bombers or low-altitude strategic bombers like the [[Do 17 (Family)|Do 17]], [[Su-2 (Family)|Su-2]]s or other bombers in this size/weight range. The {{PAGENAME}} should be able to hold its own with most fighters in a dogfight, however, it would be wise to look for any speed/height advantages before taking on an A6M or Spitfire. Like many fighters of its day, being outfitted with only machine guns can mean more time spent firing at a target, but for those pilots who properly set their convergence and then fight within that range, the four machine guns should be more than sufficient to take down most enemy fighters.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is a relatively easy fighter to fly: like many Spitfire pilots, Swedish pilots stated that this aircraft was very responsive, move the control surface and the aircraft went where you wanted it, unlike the German Bf 109s which at times were a struggle to fly which almost seemed to need to be beaten into submission. With the ease of manoeuvrability for the {{PAGENAME}}, pilots will find it a good opportunity to practice (and perfect) canopy rolls, Split-S, Immelmann and even wing-over manoeuvres, not only to get a good feel for the aircraft but also to incorporate them into the offensive and defensive manoeuvres the pilot will definitely need for combat.

The {{PAGENAME}} is a good middle of the road aircraft, especially with its manoeuvrability. Some may fear heavy hitters such as the P-47, J2M or Fw 190, but with using throttle control and manoeuvring characteristics of this fighter, it can wiggle its way out of tight spots and can even end up causing the enemy to overshoot where then it can line up a shot and dispatch the overeager pilot now caught in the crosshairs. One challenge of the J22-A (and J22-B) is that they face both biplane fighters (which are much more manoeuvrable) and metal monoplane fighters (which can be a bit faster and absorb more damage), so pilots using the J22 must adapt their flying style to their opponent.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 538 || 520 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 21.1 || 22.0 || 7.7 || 7.7 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 585 || 560 || 18.9 || 20.0 || 14.9 || 10.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 487 || 444 || 225 || ~9 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 370 || < 340 || > 320
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

[[File:J22 Armor Plating.png|450px|thumb|right|Protective components found in the '''{{PAGENAME}}'''.]]

* 60 mm bulletproof glass
* 5 mm dural - cockpit firewall
* 10 mm steel - pilot's seat
* 10 mm steel - pilot's headrest

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/39 (13.2 mm)|Ksp m/22 Fh (8 mm)|Ksp m/22 Fv (8 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 13.2 mm Akan m/39 machine guns, wing-mounted (250 rpg = 500 total)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fh machine gun, wing-mounted (500 rpg)
* 1 x 8 mm Ksp m/22 Fv machine gun, wing-mounted (500 rpg)

The {{PAGENAME}} though a good aircraft is considered to have poor armament compared to other contemporary aircraft. The first version of this aircraft was only outfitted with two 8 mm Ksp M/22 machine guns in the wings; each one was paired with a heavier hitting 13.2 mm Akan M/39 machine gun. The aircraft having the two heavier calibre machine guns hit slightly harder than those aircraft which only sported 7 mm guns, however, it fell behind those aircraft which had all 12.7 mm + or even 20 mm autocannons.

It is necessary for the pilot to factor in convergence for the guns due to them being mounted in the wings. While convergence can be set for 800 m, this is less effective except for the occasional lucky shot, due to the two different calibre guns having different drop rates over distance. If the lighter 8 mm round hits at that range, most likely the 13.2 mm will have dropped sooner and altogether missed. If the 13.2 mm rounds do hit than the lighter 8 mm rounds will have most likely sailed right over the aircraft without hitting. Setting convergence between 250 m and 400 m will likely be the best combination, especially if the pilot is adept at getting in close for the attack, attacks around 200 m to 300 m with a 250 m convergence setting tend to be quite devastating as the bullets find their mark and minimizes the drop separation over distance between the two different calibre rounds.

== Usage in battles ==


Like many Soviet aircraft which were devoid of any turbochargers or superchargers, the {{PAGENAME}} is best flown between low altitudes and 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Any higher and this aircraft will struggle and be prey to higher altitude fighters which have the extra horsepower kick from these engine chargers. To effectively relate, flying above 4,000 m in this aircraft is akin to flying a stock aircraft in a normal situation, not as fast, not as manoeuvrable and not a powerful as it could be and an easier target for those aircraft which are.

Knowing this important information, the {{PAGENAME}} can still clean up at the lower altitude, especially at the ranks it will be flying at. Even though some enemy aircraft will begin to test height limits by passing 4,000, 5,000 and even 7,000 m, let them go and let the turbocharger and supercharger aircraft concentrate on them. At the lower altitudes, the {{PAGENAME}} can still be an effective fighter, attacker and bomber interceptor.

;Low altitude bomber-attacker/interceptor

In early matches, there are always players which insist on taking their bombers and interceptors to the deck where they can scatter the smaller 50 kg and 100 kg bombs on vehicles, pillboxes, anti-aircraft artillery and other targets and some of these aircraft even excel at this low altitude. The {{PAGENAME}} can take advantage of its more powerful engine at the lower altitude and attack bombers and attackers which are inbound or lining up to drop their ordnance. Due to these bombers and attacker aircraft typically having defensive gunners, the {{PAGENAME}} pilot will need to find an angle of attack which exposes them the least while giving them the best opportunity to shoot off a wing or make a critical shot in a fuel tank, engine, oil cooler, water cooler or even knock out the pilot. Sitting behind these aircraft and shooing away is not a smart move as the {{PAGENAME}} is susceptible to lose its engine or take a hit in a fuel tank or worse, the pilot.

;Fighter interceptor

The {{PAGENAME}} is a relatively nimble aircraft and should be able to play both a Boom & Zoom style of fighting and also a limited version of turn fighting. Although turn fighting with biplanes is a bad idea, other contemporary monoplanes should at least be an even match. Care must be taken if a fighter with a speed or altitude advantage attacks as you must be ready to manoeuvre into a canopy roll, reduce throttle and work to cause the enemy to overshoot where you can power back up, line up a shot and make an attack of your own. When attempting to Boom & Zoom a target, don’t get wrapped up in turning to fight immediately after attacking if you miss or don’t damage them as bad as hoped, it is best to speed away and set up for another attack when the advantage is once again in your possession. Immediately turning into a fight after zooming in will cause the aircraft to bleed a lot of speed, while you may still get the shot, you are now in a difficult position of being in a lower state of energy and a more vulnerable target for enemy aircraft.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
[[File:CHARTWTTEMPLATE8.png|thumb|Fighters ability of the Swedish aircraft, '''J22-A''']]

'''Pros:'''

* Good top speed
* Light and nimble
* Small silhouette
* Underestimated agility, can quickly turn tables on attackers
* Excellent guns and firepower for its level
* HE rounds for 13.2 mm machine guns are extremely effective against air and ground targets.

'''Cons:'''

* Poor high altitude performance
* Only machine gun (light and heavy) armament
* Limited rear visibility due to fuselage hump
* No suspended ordnance for dedicated ground attack
* Wooden construction makes it somewhat flimsy
* Stealth belt has only AP rounds.

== History ==

'''Aircraft development and history'''

As World War started to break out in Europe in 1939, a nervous neutral Sweden watched as the Soviets attempted to advance on Finland and Germany amassing power and heading for France. Looking at its current air forces, the Swedish military realized their fighter aircraft, older Gloster Gladiator [[J8A|J 8]] biplane fighters were largely outdated when compared to up and coming Bf 109s and early Soviet fighters like the [[I-301]] (or later known as [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3]]. With SAAB’s current production plant cranking out SAAB 17 reconnaissance/bombers with SAAB 18 bomber in development, no room, mechanics or design team personnel were available to spare for the development and creation of a modern fighter airplane for the Swedish Air Force.

Desperate for immediate aircraft, Sweden reached out to the United States with an interest in the Seversky P-35 (J 9) and the P-66 Vanguard (J 10) which almost 250 of these aircraft were ordered, however, as fate would have it, Germany invaded Norway in mid-1940 resulting in the United States halting the exporting of all weapons through an embargo with any foreign country with the exception of Great Britain. A new look cast light on the Finnish fighter the VL Myrsky and the Soviet Polikarpov I-16, however, the aircraft did not make the cut and did not meet the requirements that the Swedish military was looking for. Though the Mitsubishi [[A6M (Family)|A6M]] Zero was an option, attempting to deliver these from Japan was not a feasible option. Instead, a decision was made to build a local fighter, however as a stop-gap measure, several [[CR.42]] (J 11) and Reggiane [[Re.2000 G.A.|Re.2000]] (J 20) fighters were purchased.

Since SAAB had its hands full with current projects, a new aircraft manufacture and manufacturing facility was created specifically to build a new fighter, the Royal Air Administration Aircraft Factory in Stockholm or FFVS which was under the direction of Bo Lundberg.<ref name="Langbro" /> The new fighter designated J 22 was to be a monoplane constructed with a steel airframe which was covered in plywood, giving it sufficient strength, but keeping its weight down to a manageable level.<ref name="Fridsell" /><ref name="Aceto" /> This aircraft had many similarities with fighters being developed in the west, especially since the engine it utilised was an unlicensed copy of the Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp. The nose of the aircraft housed the radial engine while the cockpit sat behind it situated just behind the leading edge of the wings. The fuselage tapered from the front to a narrow rear ending at the tailplane where the vertical and horizontal stabilizers are located. The wings set low on the fuselage with the landing gear retracting into the fuselage as opposed to the wings on many European and Soviet aircraft.

The aircraft was a bit awkward for the pilots while taxiing as the nose sat fairly high and blocked a significant portion of the pilot’s field of view, requiring the pilot to waggle the tail while taxiing to ensure nothing was in front of them, however after the plane took off, as many Swedish pilots noted, it was a very pleasant aircraft to fly.<ref name="Langbro" /> Due to the strong frame and the light bodywork, the controls of the aircraft were very responsive to the pilot’s inputs and much like the Spitfire aircraft of the Royal British Air Force; pilots thoroughly enjoyed flying these planes. Pilots also claimed that during mock dogfights with P-51 (J 26) fighters, the {{PAGENAME}} could hold its own all the way up to around 4,000 – 5,000 m (13,000 – 16,000 ft), any higher the aircraft lacked a supercharger which caused the engine performance to significantly drop and at that point the aircraft became a beast to control, therefore operations were kept at 4,000 m or below.<ref name="Fridsell" />

There were three versions of the aircraft built, the J 22A (or J 22 UBv “Ursprunglig Beväpning” (original armament)) was the first production aircraft which though a good aircraft, was considered lacking in the firepower department due to it only having 2 x 8 mm and 2 x 13.2 mm machine guns. However, the second version, the J 22B (or J 22 FBv “Förbättrad Beväpning” (improved armament)) was the same aircraft however, the two 8 mm machine guns were removed and replaced with two more 13.2 mm machine guns, for a total of four (two in each wing). Several were modified into reconnaissance aircraft, however later they were converted back into fighters; these were known as S 22-1 aircraft.

These aircraft were well-liked by pilots and even more well-liked by their maintainers due to their ease of maintenance, having enough parts on hand ensured these aircraft remained airworthy and ready to go. None were ever exported to a foreign country and all served only under the Swedish flag until the last one was retired in 1952.

'''Excerpt taken from an interview with Ove Müller-Hansen, Squadron Commander, 2nd Squadron (2:a divisionen), F10 Wing, Ängelholm'''

''I have read that you once ended up in a dogfight with a FW 190?''

"That is completely wrong. What happened was that I was over Malmö Harbor in a fight in my J22 with a Heinkel 111. He was shooting at me and I was shooting at him, trying to make him leave Swedish territory. I finally got him smoking. He was probably on his way to Copenhagen, but I don't think he made it as he was losing altitude. I saw an aircraft behind me and I thought it was a FW 190 as they also were stationed in Copenhagen and I pulled away as much as I could and was able to lose him. It turned out that it was my wingman. He was a little late taking off so he was rather far behind me. The J22 was very similar to the FW190 so it was difficult to tell them apart. We were really scared of the FW 190. We could probably out-turn them but we really didn't want to try... My wingman was a little angry at me after this incident, but I told him what happened and he understood."<ref name="Langbro" />

=== [[wt:en/news/6503-development-ffvs-j22-settling-the-bill-en|Devblog]] ===
With the outbreak of WWII, the Swedish government began looking into purchasing new fighter aircraft from foreign manufacturers to bolster the strength of its air force. As such, Sweden signed a substantial production contract with the two American aircraft manufacturers Seversky and Vultee. However, before all deliveries could be made, the U.S. enforced an arms embargo on most European countries in 1940 which also affected Sweden, resulting in the order being only partially fulfilled.

As a result, Sweden was forced to consider procuring other fighter types. In the end, the decision was made to develop and produce an entirely new fighter aircraft domestically. However, with the country’s largest aircraft manufacturer - SAAB - being already overloaded with projects, the Swedish government simply decided to create an entirely new company and factory, solely dedicated to developing and producing the new fighter - the Kungliga Flygförvaltningens Flygverkstad i Stockholm (FFVS).

Development began immediately, and after 2 years of work, the first prototype of what would become the J22 fighter, took to the skies for its maiden flight in September 1942. Despite early problems, production of the aircraft commenced in 1942, with the first units being put into service in October 1943.

Production continued until 1946, with close to 200 units of the type being manufactured. The J22 served with the Swedish Royal Air Force until its retirement in 1952 and was well liked by its pilots for its good flight characteristics and reliability.

== Media ==


;Images
<div><gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:FFVS J22 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:FFVS J22 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:FFVS J22 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:FFVS J22 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:FFVS J22 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"></li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"></li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"></li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"></li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"></li>
</ul></div>

== See also ==


;Next variant

* [[J22-B]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Brewster [[F2A-1|F2A]] Buffalo
* Curtiss [[P-36 (Family)|P-36]] Hawk
* CAC [[Boomerang Mk I (Great Britain)|Boomerang]]
* Polikarpov [[I-180S|I-180]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6503-development-ffvs-j22-settling-the-bill-en|[Development] FFVS J22: Settling The Bill]]
* [[wikipedia:FFVS_J_22|[Wikipedia] FFVS J 22]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/474733-j22-1a/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213150808/http://www.hobbybokhandeln.se/j22/index.htm F.F.V.S. J22 Fighter Aircraft - From a technical perspective - Service in the Swedish Airforce 1943-1952]

=== References ===
<references>
<ref name="Langbro">Langbro, H. (2003, January 15). F.F.V.S. J22 Fighter Aircraft From a technical perspective. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20120213150814/http://www.hobbybokhandeln.se/j22/pilot.htm.</ref>
<ref name="Fridsell">Fridsell, M., & Waligorski, M. (2006, September 22). FFVS J 22 in Detail. Retrieved from https://www.ipmsstockholm.org/magazine/2002/01/stuff_eng_detail_j22.htm.</ref>
<ref name="Aceto">Aceto, G. (2019, July 19). The Saab J21. Retrieved from https://www.historynet.com/the-saab-j21.htm.</ref>
</references>

{{AirManufacturer FFVS}}
{{Sweden fighters}}

Lvkv 42

2021-02-12T06:49:53Z

U2962608:

{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_lvkv_42
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' - Swedish for "air defence cannon wagon of 1942" - is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 284|rbMinHp= 177}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Lvakan m/48 (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Lvakan m/48 (40 mm)|40 mm Lvakan m/48]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 104 (8) || rowspan="2" | 240 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''slsgr m/36C:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP|Armour-piercing}}
* '''slhpgr m/43:''' {{Annotation|SAPHEI|Semi armour-piercing high-explosive incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|SAPHEI|Semi armour-piercing high-explosive incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|SAPHEI|Semi armour-piercing high-explosive incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 95 || 90 || 72 || 55 || 42 || 32
|-
| slsgr m/36C || 95 || 90 || 72 || 55 || 42 || 32
|-
| slhpgr m/43 || 66 || 62 || 48 || 34 || 25 || 18
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''104''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good penetration - excellent Swedish 40 mm performance can make quick work of enemy light tanks as well as medium units if utilized correctly!
* Very fast turret traverse and elevation rate (can reach 70°/s with an aced crew)
* Stock belt alternates between AP and HE every other round, making it a very effective all-purpose belt
* 240 RPM, only the Ostwind and AMX-13 DCA 40 is on par with the fire rate
* Very nimble, its agility can get you safely around the battlefield

'''Cons:'''

* Paper thin armour - very easy to be disabled or entirely knocked out by incoming HMG fire
* Low ammo storage - quickly runs out of ammunition when engaging several threats
* Along with the poor armour, the turret crew's heads are visible - making them easy targets for enemy machine gun fire
* AP belt has lower penetration than the HE and stock belt, but has more post-pen damage

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Sweden anti-aircraft vehicles}}