War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

ItO 90M

2024-06-04T18:47:31Z

U25350683: /* History */ Fixed

{{About
| about = Swedish SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the French version
| link = ItO 90M (France)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sw_crotale_ng
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The ItO 90M uses the chassis of Finnish armoured personnel carrier Patria Pasi. It has a large profile due to its tall search radar mast and lacks smoke launcher to blind the enemy. With only 8 mm thickness of armour overall, the ItO 90M can be penetrated by even rifle-calibre machine guns from any direction and any hit from HE shells, artillery strike, autocannons and air attacks must be avoided. Thankfully, ItO has relatively long hull and the crew is spread out at the very ends of front and rear of the vehicle, so it's unlikely to get knocked out by a single kinetic shell from the sides. Besides, the ItO doesn't have any reserve ammo rack, and there are only engine and fuel tanks at the middle of hull, so sometimes it will absorb many rounds from inexperienced enemy. The unmanned turret is quite vulnerable to overpressure damage due to its exposed and volatile ammo, yet it will become a competent bullet magnet once it has run out of ammo. Sometimes, it may even sustain several hits of [[9K127 Vikhr]] from [[Ka-50]] and [[Ka-52]].

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Vents)
* Bulletproof glass (Windows)
* Structural steel (Tracking Radar, Lifting Legs)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 8 mm (40° - 60°) ''Upper Glacis'' 8 mm (0° - 60°) ''Lower Glacis'' 60 mm (40°) ''Windows'' 5 mm (58°) ''Lifting Legs''
| 8 mm (0° - 17°) ''Top'' 8 mm (20° - 23°) ''Bottom'' 5 mm ''Vents''
| 8 mm 5 mm ''Lifting Legs''
| 8 mm 5 mm ''Vents''
|-
| Turret || 8 mm ''Turret'' 15 mm ''Tracking Radar''
| 8 mm || 8 mm || 8 mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Wheels are 10 mm thick

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The ItO's mobility on paved roads is overall satisfactory. It has acceptable acceleration on plain terrain which can reach around ~45 km/h on average. However, the ItO's poor power-to-weight ratio results in bad off-roading capability which limits its performance on hilly terrain maps. Sometimes, it can't even climb a slightly sloped mound without full modifications. As a wheeled vehicle, the ItO also struggles on soft ground and narrow streets. Its reverse speed is mild and will cause some problems when you're fighting against helicopters behind covers. To sum up, the ItO 90M has acceptable mobility on certain terrains, but you need to choose your path wisely so you can swiftly hide into covers without being stuck by terrain when you are found.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=341|rbMinHp=212}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|VT1}}
The main armament of the ItO 90M is the VT1 SACLOS-guided surface-to-air missiles. It's an outstanding missile against aircraft and has a peak speed of around Mach 3.7 and 50G of maximum overload. These features give VT1 capability to catch high-speed jets even when they are evading. At the same time, 8 m of trigger radius and formidable 7.86 kg of TNT equivalent also secure the hit rate and the destruction of the target. With the capability to launch 8 missiles in a few seconds without reloading, you can swiftly wipe out several nearby air targets before they find you and fight back.

When it comes to long-range anti-aircraft operations, VT1 has brilliant 12 km of effective firing range that might catch side-climbing jets off guard. It never leaves any vapour trail and smoke in its path, and its tiny exhaust plume disappears about 4 seconds after launch. These advantages make the ItO 90M a silent and lethal threat to enemy jets.

The ItO 90M used French Crotale NG Short-Range SAM System. It has 2 missile launchers mounted on each side of its unmanned turret. Each launcher can fire 4 rounds of VT1 but can only reload in captured points due to the absence of reserve ammo racks. These launchers are also quite spread out, and the first 4 shots will launch from the left one. Sometimes, the cover will accidentally block your missile and alert the enemy aircraft of your location. Occasionally, you might have to fight ground enemy for self-defence. Remember that the ItO doesn't have autocannon and the warhead type of VT1 is pure air-burst HE which relies on overpressure mechanism. Aiming at the breech and barrel of MBTs or the sides and roof of light targets might benefit your survival chance.

Although the ItO 90M can neither guide multiple missiles at once nor launch on the move, it's not uncommon to guide VT1 to intercept Vikhr before evading into cover. Hence suspension and brake modifications might help in the supposed situation.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[VT1]] missile || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 8 (8) || rowspan="2" | -8°/+80° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 74.9 || 103.6 || 125.8 || 139.1 || 148.0 || rowspan="2" | 19.50 || rowspan="2" | 17.25 || rowspan="2" | 15.90 || rowspan="2" | 15.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 50.6 || 59.5 || 72.2 || 79.9 || 85.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:VT1/Ammunition|VT1}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''8''' || 4 ''(+4)'' || 0 ''(+8)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Radar ===
The ItO 90M is equipped with a Crotale search and separate tracking radar. The tracking radar is located on the turret, and the search radar is mounted on top of the mast. The radar system is capable of tracking a target while scanning, but can only track targets within a swallow 30° arc from the front of the turret.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="5" | Crotale - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Detection Range|The range, below which, a target cannot be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum relative speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be detectable by the radar}}
|-
| 18,500 m || __ m || 360° || 27° || __ m/s (__ km/h)
|-
! colspan="5" | Crotale - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum target speed|The minimum speed a target must be moving, relative to the radar, in order to be tracked by the radar}}
|-
| 16,000 m || __ m || ±__ || -8°/+80° || __ m/s (__ km/h)
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

To use the ItO 90M in effect, you should set convenient hotkeys for "Lock radar/IRST target on", "Switch between Radar and IRST", and "Switch Radar/IRST search on/off". The effective range for the radar lock is 16 km, and for the IRST lock, 10 km. Although many people only use radar lock, ItO's IRST sensor has brilliant available range and is very sensitive that can even lock on a scout UAV. It won't trigger LWS or suffer from multipath interference, too. Therefore, you should set a hotkey to switch between radar lock and IRST regarding the situation.

When you spawn, it is advised to activate your thermal sight and switch the scope scale of your search radar to 20 km at once. Use your speed to drive to an area near the edges of the map and try and pick off any helicopters and unaware aircraft. Try to use foliage as cover and attempt to stay as hidden as possible. Your goal is not to get hit. Use your missile range to your advantage and try your best not to be spotted.

Considering your brilliant 12 km of missile range and high-performance search radar, you may also advance further to make enemy aircraft spawn closer to your effective range. Check the spot on your plan position indicator to estimate how long will it enter your missile range, launch and guide VT-1 manually, and lock it (or not if you have confidence) at the last few seconds to catch it off guard. Most destructions shall be done at a long distance or without your location spotted.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Long range of 12 km
* VT1 missiles come with the stock vehicle and are very fast, they can easily hit long-range targets as well as fast-moving ones
* Has access to gen 3 gunner thermals
* Can fire all 8 missiles without reloading
* Good vertical range of elevation
* Access for appropriate search radar scope scale of 20 km. Easy to estimate enemy distance and missile range by your plan position indicator without radar lock

'''Cons:'''

* 8 mm of all-around armour is insufficient to stop even .50 cal machine guns below 1,000 m
* The search radar, when unfolded, sticks out quite far giving it a very tall profile - can however be folded
* Lacks any sort of self-defence against ground targets
* Lacks any sort of mobility uphill - and without mobility upgrades, the vehicle is nearly immobile due to the immense overweight on a 6x6 wheeled chassis

== History ==

The ItO 90M is based on the Sisu XA-181 platform and uses the French surface-to-air missile systen called CrotaleNG MOD.<ref>[[wikipedia:Crotale_(missile)|[Wikipedia] Crotale (missile)]]</ref><ref>https://puolustusvoimat.fi/kalusto#/asset/view/id/109</ref>

In 1980, Sisu produced an XA-180 prototype for testing. It competed against two other prototypes, but was the winner of the trials in 1983. in December 1983, the Finnish Army ordered a first batch of 50 XA-180s, of which 9 were reserved for UN. The vehicle proved itself successful and more were ordered by the army.<ref>[[wikipedia:Patria_Pasi|[Wikipedia] Patria Pasi]]</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sw_crotale_ng Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7173-development-ito-90m-airspace-is-closed-en|[Devblog] ITO 90M: Airspace is Closed]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Sweden anti-aircraft vehicles}}
[[Category:Wheeled ground vehicles]]

Talk:VBCI-2 (MCT30)

2023-06-22T16:27:40Z

U25350683: Created page with "This is infact not amphibous ~~~~"

This is infact not amphibous
[[User:U25350683|U25350683]] ([[User talk:U25350683|talk]]) 16:27, 22 June 2023 (UTC)

Mörkö-Morane

2022-06-17T12:03:22Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=morko_morane
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_morko_morane.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]].

This aircraft is a Finnish modification of the French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406, as shown by the camouflage and markings. The name roughly translates as "Bogeyman-Morane" or "Monster-Morane", reflecting its unusual construction. The main differences between the original M.S.406 and the Mörkö-Morane are the engine and nose mounted weapon. The [[M.S.406C1]], which is featured in the game, has a Hispano-Suiza 12Y-31 12-cylinder inline engine and a 20 mm Hispano 404 cannon with 60 rounds of ammunition. In contrast, the Finnish Mörkö-Morane has a Soviet Klimov VK-105P 12-cylinder inline engine and a 12.7 mm Berezin UB heavy machine gun with 230 rounds of ammunition. Other airframe improvements include a more aerodynamic engine cowling (the nose is rounded instead of being squared-off like many French aircraft) and a [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109]]-style oil cooler.

The new engine provides the Mörkö-Morane with over 300 more hp than the M.S.406C1, making it an excellent energy fighter. While the armament is rather light, it's adequate for the battle rating. Fans of Finnish aviation and those looking for a low-tier Swedish premium will greatly enjoy this Franken-aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The {{Specs|name}} has significantly better performance than the original M.S.406, which was historically considered a substandard aircraft. The main improvements result from the new engine. The VK-105P scavenged from crashed Soviet [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3s]] is not particularly powerful, but it's a huge improvement over the underpowered HS 12Y. When mounted in such a small and light aircraft, the result is like the [[Yak-3]]: nice handling and excellent power-to-weight. Amusingly, the VK-105 was heavily based the HS 12Y, which likely made the conversion easier. In a roundabout way, the Soviets fixed a French fighter!

The 527 km/h top speed is comparable to the [[Hurricane Mk I/L]]. This is much faster than all biplanes and most early monoplanes, so the {{Specs|name}} will rarely have issues outrunning its opponents. The acceleration and climb rate are incredible at low altitudes. The turning capability is on par with the [[Yak-1]], which means that it can keep up with most enemy fighters in dogfights if uptiered, but low-rank aircraft will often outturn it. If played as an energy fighter, almost no contemporaries can match the {{Specs|name}}.

However, the original M.S.406 airframe was not designed to handle the kind of speeds that the {{Specs|name}} regularly reaches. The turning and roll performance will begin to compress early on, and during extended dives the handling can get quite brick-like. The actual wing rip speed of 756 km/h IAS is high for its rank and will not be a problem, but be sure to manage the airspeed for optimal shooting and maneuvering.

It should also be noted that the Soviet engine is tuned for low altitude performance. Stay under 3,000 m for optimal speed, climb, and acceleration. Though most early fighters perform poorly at high altitudes anyway, being caught by a [[MiG-3 (Family)|MiG-3]] at 5,000 m might not end well.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
|502||489|| rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} ||18.8||19.6||13.1||13.1|| rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 553 || 525 || 17.4 || 18.0 || 21.1 || 16.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 270 || ~13 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 310 || < 320 || < 400 || > 323
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The Mörkö-Morane has no armour protection (armour plates or armoured glass) for the pilot nor the critical components of the aircraft, this is a recurring theme at its BR and on different variations of Morane-Saulnier-designed aircraft. But thanks to the shape and size of the sturdy fuselage the pilot dies rarely from direct hits. Catastrophic fuel tank fires are also semi-rare due to the good positioning of the fuel tank (between the pilot and the engine). Though if the Mörkö-Morane does catch fire it usually breaks the engine or kills the pilot rather quickly.

The Russian Klimov VK-105P inline engine can take a surprisingly large amount of punishment, from the enemies and the pilot as well. It has quite a long WEP time which is limited by oxygen deprivation at higher altitudes, meaning that the WEP cannot be used after a certain altitude. The engine and its cooling systems can usually keep going long enough to get the plane and pilot back to the airfield on most maps after being hit, provided the engine doesn't catch fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg)
* 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)

The single Berezin UB firing through the propeller hub is the {{Specs|name}}'s primary weapon. While it does not have much burst mass by itself, it works fine against the fragile fighters commonly seen at its rank. The Air targets belt will easily set opponents ablaze and is the best choice overall. The Ground targets belt has powerful cermet-core rounds and might be useful against lightly armored vehicles. 230 rounds is a decent supply but still try to conserve your ammunition. When attacking larger aircraft, try to aim for fuel tanks, cockpits, and engines for quick and efficient kills.

The twin MAC 1934s are decent as far as rifle-caliber MGs go, but they play second fiddle to the Berezin UB. They have a high rate of fire and shoot relatively small bullets that tend to spark upon glancing hits. The wing mounting makes convergence an issue and the ammo supply is rather low. Use them at close range and try the Universal or Tracers belts to set your enemies on fire.

== Usage in battles ==

The Mörkö-Morane is an excellent fighter in Air Realistic battles, where its flight characteristics and weaponry make it very capable against both biplanes and monoplane fighters. Firstly, the Mörkö-Morane possesses a very good rate of climb. It is able to outclimb every biplane and practically every monoplane plane that it might face; the only exceptions are bombers that receive an air-spawn (such as the [[Ju 87 (Family)|Ju 87]]) and early [[Bf 109 (Family)|Bf 109s]]. Against every other plane, the Mörkö-Morane can have a great altitude advantage and choose exactly when it wants to engage. On that topic, deciding when to attack is a vital skill when flying this plane. Often, attacking bombers isn't worth it, since they can easily do more damage to you than you can do to them. As for fighters, it will very often be the case that if you leave the area for a minute or so, enemy fighters at or above your altitude will dive on your allies lower down. Then, you will have the altitude advantage and a more favourable position.

When the Mörkö Morane pilot does decide to dive on an enemy, they must do so carefully. The plane accelerates very quickly in a dive; so much that it rapidly loses control authority, especially in the roll axis. Not only does this made it very hard to get guns on target but it also increases the risk of not being able to pull up in time. To avoid this, it is often helpful to cut the throttle during dives and make gradual spirals downwards rather than a straight-down dive.

After the initial dive, it is very important to not engage in an extended turnfight. Against some opponents, this may work in your favour (this vehicle actually has an average turning rate), but most planes are able to outturn the Mörkö Morane in an extended battle. Biplanes especially are incredibly manoeuvrable, and no monoplane should ever attempt to turn with them in a dogfight. Instead, use the speed gained from diving to zoom climb back to altitude; there is no need to throw away the Mörkö-Morane's energy advantage by dogfighting. Instead, continue to boom and zoom the enemy until they are destroyed.

The Mörkö Morane has decent armament, but in high-speed passes there is sometimes not enough time on target for the guns to do their work. So, multiple boom and zoom attempts may be necessary, especially when attacking sturdier monoplanes. Biplanes will usually be destroyed quickly. This vehicle's guns can be used to effectively destroy unarmoured ground targets in Air Realistic battles. The 12.7 mm machine gun, which is by a considerable margin the most powerful gun on this plane, has less ammunition than the 7.5 mm guns. Trigger discipline is necessary if the pilot wants their ammunition load to last the round. If running low on 12.7 mm ammunition, it can be advisable to fire the 7.5 mm guns independently of it so that the more potent ammunition is preserved.

If the pilot finds that there is an enemy fighter on their tail, the best thing to do is to fly in a straight line. Unless the enemy is diving with a massive energy advantage, the Mörkö Morane will be able to pull away thanks to its amazing top speed. Then, the pilot can choose to re-engage the enemy on their own terms.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|}
Note: you can't use WEP while using supercharger gear 2

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good top speed
* Great rate of climb
* Effective weaponry for its BR
* Good survivability
* Long WEP time at low to medium altitudes
* Has MG-151

'''Cons:'''

* Low ammo count
* No armour protection for pilot or critical components
* Rarely survives catching fire
* Control surfaces (especially ailerons) compress in dives
* WEP cannot be used at high altitudes

== History ==


The Soviet invasion of Finland in late 1939 marked the beginning of the Winter War. The Finnish Air Force was under-equipped, only having Bristol Blenheim bombers, Fokker D.XXI monoplanes, and Bristol Bulldog biplanes. New aircraft were needed to better resist the Soviet Air Force, which was much larger in number though largely equipped with older Polikarpov [[I-15 (Family)|I-15]] and [[I-16 (Family)|I-16]] fighters. Finnish units ended up performing excellently with these older aircraft owing to their better tactics, but the Finnish government continued to obtain whatever fighters were available from a wide variety of sources.

30 Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighters were delivered by France in February 1940. They likely saw little combat since the Winter War ended a month later. Germany's attack on the Soviet Union restarted combat between Finland and the Soviet Union, and at the start of the Continuation War in June 1941, the Finnish Air Force had a more modern and formidable selection of fighters. Germany delivered additional M.S.406 and M.S.410 fighters from captured French stocks to Finland over the next few years. At this point the M.S.406, already an unimpressive design, was in need of upgrades to better compete with modern Soviet aircraft. Aircraft designer Aarne Lakomaa devised a series of improvements to the M.S.406 using captured Soviet engines, airframe modifications, and improved armament. The result was the '''{{Specs|name}}''', which first flew in early 1943. The performance was far better than the M.S.406 and it was decided to apply this upgrade to all 41 Finnish examples of the French fighter.

However, the conversion process was slow and the first operational example was only delivered in mid 1944. The Continuation War ended shortly afterwards, at which point only 3 were produced. They managed to shoot down 3 Soviet aircraft when piloted by Lars Hattinen in their brief service. After negotiating a peace agreement with the Soviet Union, Finland declared war on Germany in September 1944, beginning the Lapland War. The {{Specs|name}}s were used for ground attack and reconnaissance. After the end of World War 2, the conversions were completed and the {{Specs|name}}s were used as advanced trainers until their retirement in 1952. They were scrapped and none are known to survive today.

There is some debate over the {{Specs|name}}'s armament. It is agreed that the initial plan was to arm them with a German MG151/20 cannon firing through the propeller hub. Some sources claim that the Soviet Berezin UB heavy machine gun was mounted instead on several examples since Finland did not have many MG151s in stock. Others claim that multiple armaments were tested, Berezin UB included, but ultimately all operational {{Specs|name}}s were equipped with the MG151/20.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=morko_morane Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|s9Sjnr0weSc|'''Energy BEAST from the NORTH! {{PAGENAME}}!"''' - ''Jengar''|MsgMGZxVMPw|'''{{PAGENAME}} Review. A Finnish Monster''' - ''Joseph 2000''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/479189-morko-morane/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer MS}}
{{Sweden fighters}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

Mirage 5F

2021-12-19T15:27:32Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=mirage_5f
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| _ || _ || _ || _ || _ || _ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | _____ || _
| colspan="2" | _,___ kg || colspan="2" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel
|-
| ___ kg || colspan="2" | ___
| _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg || _,___ kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (___%/WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || ___%/WEP
! _m fuel || __m fuel || __m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || ___ kgf || ___ kgf
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Optimal'' || ___ kgf (_ km/h) || ___ kgf (_ km/h)
| _.__ || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 552A (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552A cannons, belly-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SAMP Type 25 (250 kg)|SAMP Type 21 (400 kg)|FFAR Mighty Mouse|SNEB type 23}}
{{main|AS-30 Nord|AIM-9B Sidewinder|Matra R550 Magic 1}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles
* 1 x AS-30 Nord missile
* 12 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (3,000 kg total)
* 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (800 kg total)
* 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs + 10 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (3,300 kg total)
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 1 x AS-30 Nord missile
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 12 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (3,000 kg total)
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (800 kg total)
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 10 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs + 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (3,300 kg total)
* 10 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs + 1 x AS-30 Nord missile (2,500 kg total)
* 10 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs + 1 x AS-30 Nord missile + 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles (2,500 kg total)
* 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 14 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 14 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 1 x AS-30 Nord missile
* 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 1 x AS-30 Nord missile + 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles
* 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 14 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 4 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 14 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (800 kg total)
* 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 4 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 36 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (800 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

- Good missiles

*

'''Cons:'''

- Only two missiles

- No flares

- Most of the time uptiered to fight 11.3, where you wont stand a chance.

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Dassault}}
{{France jet aircraft}}

F8U-2

2021-11-21T22:42:15Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */ it has RWR mod

{{Specs-Card
|code=f8u-2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

[[File:F8U-2 Wiki Image 1.jpg|thumb|F8U-2 after downing a enemy fighter.]]
The F8U-2 is a single engine supersonic carrier-based jet fighter, its powerplant is the Pratt & Whitney J57-P-16 engine that can produce 8,000 kgf of thrust. The Crusader is able to reach 1 Mach in level flight at sea level and 1.95 Mach at 10,600 m, that puts it on par with many jet fighters like the MiG-19 or the Su-7B, but it is also slower than any F-104 and MiG-21 at low altitude.
The structural speed limit is very high: 1,555 km/h IAS, reaching that speed even when the plane is diving is not that easy, so the player does not have to worry about overspeeding. Its thrust to weight ratio while not being close to 1.0 still is good enough to make the plane very good in any longer fight and makes the level acceleration very good.
The F8U-2 is also decent at climbing, at sea level with full fuel tanks it can reach up to 130 m/s, however other jets like the MiG-19, MiG-21, or Su-7 are better at climbing. With the afterburner on and full fuel tanks it can fly for about 12 minutes at low altitude, flying at higher altitude (5,000 m) increases it to about 16 minutes.

Compared to many other supersonic jet fighters, the Crusader is very good at dogfighting. Although it has quite low G limits (+10G with full fuel tanks) it is capable in both shorter and longer fights because of instantaneous turn rate which can be improved by using slats with the speed limit that is 1,070 km/h IAS (slats which are not automatic are being extended by switching flaps to the combat position, also the flaps itself are being extended after switching them to the landing position) and sustained turn rate, the plane is capable of performing a full horizontal circle at sea level in 22 seconds with 30 minutes of fuel.
The best sustained turn rate can be achieved by flying at ~650 km/h IAS where it reaches 16.2 deg/s, that makes it better at longer turning than many jet fighters, for example any MiG-21, Mirage, F-4 Phantom or F3H, however it will struggle below 300 km/h against anything because of high wing loading. Due to low G limits the plane is very easy to break in RB with the Mouse Aim controls, in SB it also the case, especially after switching to the damping stability augmentation system (SAS) mode, which overrides high speed locking of the elevator.
The roll rate performance is above the average compared to other jet fighters, it is ~135 deg/s at 600 km/h IAS and increases further to ~210 deg/s at 1,000 km/h IAS. The airbrake in this plane is located under the fuselage, that means it is not possible to extend it and the landing gear at the same time.
The most interesting feature about this plane is its variable-incidence wing design which can be pivoted by 7° out of the fuselage during the take-off or landing to make them easier, this functionality can be enabled by lowering flaps to the landing position and the minimum speed is 580 km/h IAS.

With full-real controls the F8U-2 has access to two SAS modes, manual and damping. With the manual mode it is quite challenging to fly, it is very easy to pull too much G or stall it out at lower speed. After switching to the damping mode it gets much more stable, but gets less responsive in roll axis, also makes the plane not lock up at any speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,025 || 2,017 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.4 || 29.4 || 113.8 || 104.6 || rowspan="2" | 1,828
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,054 || 2,038 || 27.6 || 28.0 ||162.5 || 137.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Static G|Full fuel tanks without any additional weapons}}
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
|  1555 || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 1070 || N/A || 583 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 1000 || < 590 || < 500 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney J57-P-16 || 1
| colspan="3" | 8,339 kg || colspan="3" | 341 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 14m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 48m fuel
|-
| 1,592 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 9,531 kg || 9,916 kg || 10,708 kg || 11,925 kg || 12,279 kg || 12,760 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 14m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 49m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,562 kgf || 8,003 kgf
| 0.84 || 0.81 || 0.75 || 0.67 || 0.65 || 0.63
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 4,804 kgf (1,000 km/h) || 8,921 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 0.94 || 0.90 || 0.83 || 0.75 || 0.73 || 0.70
|-
|}

[[File:F8U-2 Wiki Image 3.jpg|thumb|F8U-2 on the USS Forrestal.]]

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The only protection that this plane offers is a 25 mm bulletproof glass in front of the cockpit.
Fuel tanks are located in the center part of the plane: in the fuselage and wings, getting hit there will most likely set the plane on fire.
Flaps in this plane work also as ailerons, so losing them by overspeeding or being hit will make the plane unable to roll.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 3 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Browning-Colt Mk12 Mod 3 cannons, nose-mounted (144 rpg = 576 total)

[[File:F8U-2 Wiki Image 4.jpg|thumb|F8U-2 firing its 20 mm cannons.]]

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|AIM-9B Sidewinder|AIM-9D Sidewinder|FFAR Mighty Mouse|Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 2 x AIM-9D Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x AIM-9D Sidewinder missiles
* 4 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 4 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 32 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 4 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 32 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 2 x AIM-9D Sidewinder missiles
* 32 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 4 x AIM-9D Sidewinder missiles
* 32 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 4 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 32 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 8 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 32 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 4 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 32 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets + 4 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets + 2 x AIM-9D Sidewinder missiles

== Usage in battles ==

It is recommended to first climb to above 4,000 m in a battle, especially when the enemies do not have any radar-guided missiles. This way, the fragile flight characteristics of the Crusader can be compensated since it is impossible to pull more than 8Gs at such altitude.

When at a high altitude, use Boom-and-Zoom tactics and fire your AIM-9Ds at enemies under you. As it now has a maximum overload of 18G and no launch overload limitation, AIM-9Ds should be sufficient for defeating at least two enemy planes in a run. The best distance for using these missiles is about 3 km, as it has the longest power stage of all IR missiles in game, and your enemy would be less likely to notice the missile at longer range.

As the F8U-2 has a great energy retention and good manoeuvring characteristics, it is recommended to engage enemies in a dogfight. Just pay attention to the speed, as the F8U-2's wing could be easily ripped when pulling high Gs. When dogfighting, you can avoid extreme overload by either lowering your speed to below 900 km/h or by climb to a higher altitude.

The enemies worth noting are:

* A5Cs, Jaguar As, French F8Es and Mirages, since it is almost impossible for the F8U-2 to dodge the R-550 Magic missiles at high speed, even with countermeasures equipped.
* Soviet aircraft with R-60 missiles, since the only way of dodging this missile is by using flares.
* Other American aircraft with AIM-9Gs and -9Js, for the same reason as above.
* MiG-17s, as they can and will outmanoeuvre you in a dogfight.

'''SB EC'''

The F8U-2 is a great dogfighter, it can deal with almost any fighter in EC7 bracket, its main strengths are very good sustained turn rate, radar with an identification friend or foe feature and quite good missiles: the AIM-9D.
Before spawning in it is the best to select 30 or 45 minutes of fuel, its consumption is very high in combat and it is very easy to run out of it after fighting multiple enemies.
Due to the presence of radar guided missiles and the lack of any countermeasures or systems like the RWR it is recommended to not fly too high, flying even at very lot altitude will work because of the excellent turning capabilities of the Crusader.

Compared to the other jet fighters at a similar battle rating, the F8U-2 has similar low-altitude level speed, and planes like the MiG-21, Mirage III, J35, Lightning F.6 or F-104 will easily be able to outclimb or outrun it. However all of them can easily be outturned, any delta wing jet will struggle in sustained turning, even the MiG-21bis with a very high thrust to weight ratio. Since the F8U-2 has quite high wing loading and the fact it is very easy to break wings, going for scissors should be avoided. Flying at low speed (below 400 km/h) also will end up badly.

The best sustained turn rate can be achieved by flying with the speed range: 550 to 740 km/h, its turn rate will be ~16°/s without missiles and 30 min of fuel and 15 deg/s with missiles and the same fuel amount. The most dangerous delta wing plane, the MiG-21bis is worse by 1-2°/s and the other MiGs like the MF and earlier by 3-4°/s. Other planes like the Mirage or J35 are similar to the MiG-21MF, so outturning them should not be a problem, however the Mirage is equipped with the R.550 missile which can be launched from quite high angles and can pull up to 30G, so it is the best to not allow it to get anywhere near the rear of the F8U, the later MiG-21 versions can also carry a similar missile, the R-60M, which is very dangerous at close range within 2,000 m.
[[File:F8U-2 Wiki Image 2.jpg|thumb|F8U-2 Landing on USS Forrestal.]]

The most dangerous foes that this plane can meet are the MiG-19 and J32B, both are better at dogfighting and as fast as the Crusader at low altitude, engaging them without the speed and altitude advantage is not recommended, although since they carry very early missiles, the R-3S and AIM-9B, it is possible to just run away from them and easily dodge their missiles, but that will work only above 2,000 m. Both these fighters are better at sustained turning by at least 20%, their wing loading is also lower, so forcing them to one circle fight/scissors might be risky.

The last plane worth mentioning is the Su-17M2, its sustained turn rate is also superior to the F8U, but since its wing loading and stall speed are so much higher it can be forced to low speed or one circle fight, it also does not have any radar except for the rangefinding one for its gun. All weapons used by that plane are very similar to the MiG-21Bis, so running away will not end well, it is also one of the fastest planes.

===Radars===

The F8U-2 is equipped with an AN/APQ-50 search and tracking radar. The radar is mounted in the nose of the aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | AN/APQ-50 - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 370,000 m (theoretical) || 40,000 m || ±50.0° || -8.15°/+4.15°
|-
! colspan="4" | AN/APQ-50 - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 92,500 m || 200 m || ±58.0° || ±58.0°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Cannons could fire separately to save ammo
* Cannons can deal serious damage, with 4 guns even a short burst is enough to destroy an enemy aircraft.
* Four AIM-9Ds, good when engaging enemies at about 3 km
* Excellent flight performance
* Superb acceleration, even compared to top tier jets
* Very stable, even at high speed
* Very good sustained turn rate
* Landing flaps provide a lot of lift thanks to the variable wing design
* Extendable rocket pod which fires 16 Mighty Mouses at once
* Good radar with an identification friend or foe feature

'''Cons:'''

* Compresses substantially near Mach 1
* Fragile wings, can easily rip at high speeds and hard turns.
* Very likely to set on fire because of the fuel tank placement

== History ==

In the early 1950s, the US Air Force and US Navy both realized that with the arrival of the supersonic age, they both needed to develop new fighters to meet the new challenges in the mid and late 1950s. The US Air Force's answer was the North American Aviation Sabre-45 program, this program would be later developed into the famous F-100 Super Sabre that entered service in 1954. But by contrast with the US Air Force, the birth of the first supersonic fighter of the US Navy was much more complicated.

In July 1952, Chance Vought leadership learned that there would be a competition for a simple, lightweight, low-cost day fighter with a maximum speed of Mach 1.0 (670 mph). During the first week of September 1952, Chance Vought's general manager Detweiler met Captain Russel in the chief of naval operations section and discussed the day fighter specifications. As for the result, Detweiler said that he preferred the twin-engine design and the Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) was prepared to go ahead with a lightweight refinement of the Westinghouse J46 engine.

On 16th September 1952, the BuAer invited Chance Vought to submit proposals for a new Navy day fighter with special emphasis placed on simplicity, small size, low cost, and a maximum speed of Mach 1. This request for proposals was based on Outline Specification 130 (OS-130) which has often been regarded as the true beginning of the Chance Vought F8U. In general, the Navy wanted a fighter that could maintain air superiority in daylight and fair weather, both over friendly task forces and hostile areas. OS-130 specified a maximum speed of at least Mach 1 at 35,000 feet in level flight at combat weight, the combat radius was to be not less than 300 nautical miles, an altitude of 52,000 feet was the specified combat ceiling at maximum power with a combat load (fuel and weapons).
[[File:F8U-1 of VM-235 "Death Angels" squadron.jpg|left|thumb|353x353px|Vought F8U-1 "Crusader" of VMFA-235 Squadron 'Death Angels', MCAS Beaufort, S.C.]]
At the initial stages, Chance Vought's engineers preferred the twin-engine design, but a single-engine proposal was also put forward as a backup choice, and the powerplant that was chosen was the Wright J65 engine, a license-produced version of the British Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire engine. However, on 31st October 1952, a letter written by Paul Baker to Detweiler suggested that the single J65 engine design couldn't meet the required specification of the OS-130 program, and he recommended the newly developing Pratt Whitney J57 engine for replacement, as well as suggesting a variable-incidence swept wing with a tail configuration. In December 1952, twelve basic configurations was studied by Chance Vought's engineers including six configurations with a variable incidence feature on the wings and six configurations without.

But on 18th November 1952, the BuAer changed some required specifications of the OS-130 day fighter program including the maximum speed, which was increased from Mach 1 to Mach 1.2 at an altitude of 35,000 feet with thrust augmentation, and the Pratt Whitney J57-P-7 engine was chosen to be the only engine that could deliver an airplane to meet or exceed all requirements, the estimated landing speed was 145 to 160 knots depending on the wing area of the design. Also on 29th December 1952, amendment 3 released by the BuAer to the OS-130 program restricted catapulting and arresting accelerations to 5.5G. With the incorporation of these changes and wind tunnel test results, Chance Vought finally had a configuration for their day fighter proposal, the V-380, and the first engineering report of V-380 Navy day fighter was published to the BuAer on 5th September 1953.

To meet the new specification, Chance Vought proposed two aircraft: one maximum performance with the J57 engine and one minimum performance with the J65 engine, both with afterburners, these two proposals were divided from the original V-380 program and were called V-383 and V-384 program. At this stage, the basic weapon configuration for these two programs were sixty 2-inch rockets and three T-160 20 mm cannons, they both had the same variable-incidence wing design. On 19th May 1953, the V-383 proposal was selected by BuAer and a contract was rewarded by Chance Vought for the test of the V-383 proposal, now officially designated XF8U-1.

The first XF8U-1 prototype was delivered to the structures test lab at 7:42 am on 19th February 1955, and during the first flight mission on 25th March 1955, the XF8U-1 prototype with J57-P-11 engine successfully achieved the object of flight speed of Mach 1.1, which was six days ahead of contract schedule and only 22 months from the contract between the US Navy and Chance Vought. After some technical changes of the XF8U-1 prototype, the first production model of F8U-1 began to roll off the Dallas assembly line and successfully completed its first flight mission on 30th September 1955 which was only six months after the first flight of the XF8U-1 prototype.

The first 30 F8U-1s were equipped with a J57-P-12 engine while the later version was equipped with a new J57-P-4 engine which could produce 16,000 lbs of thrust in afterburner mode; the first 30 F8U-1s were retrofitted with new J57-P-4 engines later. The maximum level flight speed of the F8U-1 was nearly Mach 1.5, the basic weapon configuration of F8U-1 was four Colt Mk.12 20 mm cannons with 576 rounds in total and a retractable rocket launcher under the fuselage with twenty-four 2.75 inch Mighty Mouse rockets in total. Apart from that, since the new AIM-9B Sidewinder infrared-guided short-range air-to-air missile was entered into service in 1956, Chance Vought also introduced this new-generation weapon onto F8U-1 which later could carry two Sidewinder missiles in total.

The F8U-1 was equipped with Mk 16 Mod 12 Aircraft Fire Control System including an AN/APG-56 ranging radar (a modified AN/APG-30A ranging radar), this was inferior to the F-100 Super Sabre of USAF in the same period because the US Navy didn't purchase the A-1 or A-4 gun/rocket/bomb calculating gunsight like the USAF, also the only role for the F8U-1 was air superiority missions. The ranging radar system could lock onto any target within range and furnish target information to the fire-control system for gun firing, also the fire control system may be used in conjunction with Sidewinder missile launching. In this case, the missile release indicator displayed optimum missile launching point.

In September 1955, the US Navy decided that all its carrier aircraft needed to be equipped for aerial refuelling. Since the internal space of F8U-1 was already tight with the incorporation of all necessary equipment into the smallest airframe possible for the day competition, Chance Vought decided to install a retractable air-refuelling probe, and the 16th F8U-1 was modified and took place in test program from December 1956 to the end of March 1957. After the test program was finished, since the 50th (another source claim the 66th) production aircraft the In-flight refuel (IFR) ability was added into F8U-1, and the earlier F8U-1s were retrofitted with refuelling probes too. Apart from that, Chance Vought also tested the Boundary Layer Control System (BLC, the first test of BLC system was conducted in the 100th production F9F-4 and was first introduced in F-104A Starfighter) in the sixth F8U-1, and the Boundary Layer Control System was finally introduced into the French Navy F-8E(FN) and American F-8J Crusader (a modernization version of F-8E) in the 1960s.

After the carrier qualifications aboard USS Forrestal in April 1956, the F8U-1s began to come off the assembly line at a rate of eight per month, and VF-32 squadron at NAS Cecil Field became the first combat unit to receive the new F8U-1 in March 1957. It was named Crusader in August 1955 by Detweiler, which was a name that would became a truly nightmare for all MiG pilots. On 21st August 1956, Windsor successfully flew the 15th production F8U-1 Crusader to set a new speed record of 1,015 mph, breaking the previous record of 822 mph held by USAF's F-100C Super Sabre under the name of Project One Grand. This achievement helped him and the Crusader earned the highly prized Thompson trophy. The final F8U-1 came off the production line in 1961 and its name was changed to F-8A in 1962. The total amount of F8U-1 Crusaders to come off the production line was 317.

The second production version of the Crusader which entered into US Navy service was the F8U-1E. The most important change for the F8U-1E compared to the original F8U-1 was the new AN/AWG-3 Fire Control system including AN/APS-67 Search and Range-tracking Radar and a computer group to provide a limited all-weather capability for the Crusader, the computer group used the target range and range rate information from the AN/APS-67 radar to generate a lead angle which was presented to the pilot as gunsight pipper displacement. The prototype of the F8U-1E first flew in 3rd September 1958 and 130 F8U-1Es were produced in total. It was renamed F-8B in 1962.

In the 1960s, the F-8B became the first version of the Crusader family to integrate the new AIM-9D Sidewinder missile which was introduced into service in 1966 (F-8A didn't have provision for the AIM-9D Sidewinder missile). Cooling nitrogen was added to the launcher to permit the use of AIM-9D Sidewinder missile on F-8B Crusader.

On 29th April 1954, a recommendation of BuAer extended the current 5 basic configuration F8U-1 to 75 with an additional 34 being produced out of FY 1956, and an F8U-2 designation would be given to the new version with several new equipment such as Sidewinder missile and in-flight refuel probe etc. Though it was scheduled that 59 F8U-2 would be built from the remaining FY 1956 budget, this decision was be abandoned by BuAer in October 1955.
[[File:F-8C Crusader of VF-111 at NAS North Island 1968.jpg|thumb|331x331px|A US Navy Vought F-8C ''Crusader'' (BuNo 146991) of Fighter Squadron VF-111 "Sundowners" at Naval Air Station North Island, California, USA.]]
In the summer of 1957, the new F8U-2 project was born. The most important change for the new F8U-2 was the Pratt Whitney J57-P-16 engine which replaced the J57-P-4 engine used by F8U-1 and F8U-1E, the new engine could produce 16,900 pound thrust in afterburner mode compared to the former's 16,000 pound maximum thrust in afterburner mode, this improvement increased the maximum level flight speed of F8U-2 to Mach 1.95 and the maximum climb rate at sea level to 200 m/s. Other improvements including low aspect ratio ventral stabilizing fins installed on the lower rear fuselage for additional stability in the extended flight boundary region, external cooling air scoops for added cooling for the afterburner section as well as for increase afterburner thrust due to better air flow characteristics were also introduced into F8U-2, also the AN/AWG-3 fire control system was remained in F8U-2 too.

Apart from that, Chance Vought also introduced the new "Y" type missile racks that permitted the installation of four AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles (two on each rack) on F8U-2 Crusader which doubled the firepower. Also in the 1950s, the Swiss Air Force once showed interest on F8U-2 and sent pilots to flew the F8U-2 at the Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River and the delivery was scheduled in February 1959, but the Swiss changed their mind to purchase French Mirage IIIs in the end. JASDF once reviewed the F8U-2 but they chose the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter in the end too. The Swordsman Squadron (VF-32) become the first navy unit to receive the new Crusader on March 25th, 1957 and they soon joined the USS Saratoga's first Mediterranean cruise. During the carrier's duties in the 1958 Lebanon crisis, the Swordsman's Crusaders provided air cover for the Marine Corps' landing in Beirut. In 1962, the designation of F8U-2 was changed to F-8C Crusader, and during the Vietnam War, F-8C Crusader flew combat missions by both the US Navy and US Marine Corps, where the Navy's F-8C Crusader scored six air-to-air kills including five MiG-17 and one MiG-21. (Another source claimed five air-to-air kills in total including four MiG-17 and one MiG-21).

=== [[wt:en/news/7078-development-f8u-2-crusader-the-last-of-the-gunfighters-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1952, the American Naval command announced requirements for a new supersonic jet carrier-based fighter to protect carrier groups from enemy aircraft and achieve air superiority. Chance Vought Aircraft Inc., which already had considerable experience working with carrier-based aircraft, became one of the participants in the competition. Their candidate differed from the competition by a variable-incidence wing. The wing tilted upward by 5 degrees, which noticeably improved taking off and landings on short decks of aircraft carriers.

Just 20 months after receiving the contract, the first prototype was built for tests. The fighter successfully passed the initial tests, in the very first flight it easily broke the sound barrier, and in a modified form went to the navy for deck tests. The first prototype series was successfully tested on aircraft carriers in the spring of 1956, after which the F8U-1 Crusader entered service with the US Navy. Work on a promising jet fighter did not stop after the start of mass production. The modified aircraft with a new power plant, advanced navigation system, radar, FCS and improved armament received the designation F8U-2.

The Crusader has become a real legend and a symbol of US carrier-based aviation for its excellent flight characteristics, ease of operation, reliability and significant firepower. The fighter received the baptism of fire almost immediately after entering the service, and since then has been actively used in combat and training missions in many parts of the world, including intensive combat service in Vietnam. Even when more advanced aircraft entered service, the naval pilots were reluctant to say goodbye to the Crusaders. "When you're out of F-8's, you're out of fighters" they said.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f8u-2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:F8U-2 WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:F8U-2 WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:F8U-2 WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:F8U-2 WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:F8U-2 WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:F8U-2 WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
File:F8U-2 WTWallpaper 07.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Mitsubishi [[T-2]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-19 (Family)|MiG-19]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-21 (Family)|MiG-21]]
* Hawker [[Hunter F.6|Hunter F.6]]
* Fiat [[G.91 YS|G.91 YS]]
* Saab [[J32B|J32B]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7078-development-f8u-2-crusader-the-last-of-the-gunfighters-en|[Devblog] F8U-2 Crusader: The Last of the Gunfighters]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/521052-f8u-2-crusader/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [https://www.aerosociety.com/publications/jah-an-examination-of-the-f-8-crusader-through-archival-sources/ <nowiki>[Royal Aeronautical Society]</nowiki> An Examination of the F-8 Crusader through Archival Sources]

{{AirManufacturer Vought}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

MiG-21MF (Germany)

2021-11-20T23:15:01Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */ jack of all trades is not a con, added flares for pros.

{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = MiG-21 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=mig-21_mf
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|MiG-21MF WebsiteImage 1.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].

It is a single-engine delta-wing supersonic interceptor with conventional tail and fully-moving elevators.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' has mediocre flight performance in every aspect among top rank jets. It will get out-accelerated by British Phantoms or MiG-21 bis, outturned by Draken or Mirage, and out-sped by 2nd gen US Phantoms (F-4E/EJ), Starfighters or MiG-21 bis. The delta wing provides great angle-of-attack (AoA) while turning but it also mean the plane loses huge amount of speed doing so. This means that staying behind enemy in 1 vs. 1 is fairly simple, but when there are multiple bandits one might lose all their speed and become an easy missile target if turning too much.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 13,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,196 || 2,178 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 34.0 || 35.1 || 139.6 || 131.0 || rowspan="2" | 750
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,295 || 2,240 || 32.3 || 33.0 || 192.8 || 165.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 500 || 450 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 600 || < 950 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Tumansky R-13-300 || 1
| colspan="2" | 5,962 kg || colspan="3" | 359 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 38m fuel
|-
| 1,135 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 6,651 kg || 7,170 kg || 7,774 kg || 8,258 kg || 9,900 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 38m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,825 kgf || 6,483 kgf
| 0.97 || 0.90 || 0.83 || 0.79 || 0.65
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,825 kgf (0 km/h) || 6,977 kgf (1,200 km/h)
| 1.05 || 0.97 || 0.90 || 0.84 || 0.70
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The MiG-21MF lacks armour plating. It also has one engine unlike some other planes. This means that the survivability is very low, even among jets. Getting hit is something that should be avoided at all cost, because should the plane survive it, even small wing damage will force the pilot to return to base. The plane has a radar warning receiver (RWR), and countermeasures, including flares and chaff.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Your main priority is to get to the R-60s as soon as possible, this will require you to unlock two tier III modifications. Unless you particularly want to research the ground attack ordnance you will be wanting to unlock "Wings repair" and "New 23 mm cannons" at tier III. Therefore you should research "Offensive 23 mm belts" as your first modification at tier I. This will then unlock tier II modifications where you can research "R-3S" and your choice of "New boosters" or "Airframe" (up to you in which order you unlock these), it may be appealing to unlock missiles first to help with the grind but you should keep in mind that the R-3S missiles are slightly worse than the [[AIM-9B]] and can only be fired when pulling less than 2G, which means they cannot be fired in even a gentle turn or climb. Once tier III modifications are accessible, you can unlock "Wings repair" and "New 23 mm cannons" in whichever order you want and then go for the R-60s. Once the R-60s are available you can unlock the remaining modifications in whatever order you see fit, however it is highly recommended to go for G-suit and engine upgrades first.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|GSh-23L (23 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 23 mm GSh-23L cannon, belly-mounted (200 rpg)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|OFAB-250sv (250 kg)|R-3S|R-60|S-5K|S-24}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x R-3S missiles
* 64 x S-5K rockets
* 96 x S-5K rockets
* 4 x S-24 rockets
* 4 x R-3S missiles
* 4 x R-60 missiles
* 64 x S-5K rockets + 2 x R-3S missiles
* 64 x S-5K rockets + 2 x R-60 missiles
* 2 x S-24 rockets + 2 x R-3S missiles
* 2 x S-24 rockets + 2 x R-60 missiles
* 4 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs + 2 x R-3S missiles (500 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg OFAB-250sv bombs + 2 x R-60 missiles (500 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==


While the '''{{Specs|name}}''' itself is a pretty mediocre fighter, it has access to 4 deadly R-60 missiles. These missiles work the best when enemy is slow, so the recommended tactic is to wait a bit before engaging into the battle.

Due to the immense speed bleed in turns, it is strongly recommended to keep the speed high near enemies, unless one really wants to closely meet AIM-9J. Dropping below 800 km/h makes it really hard to dodge this missile. When an enemy is spotted, it is recommended to turn roughly into their direction, so when they engage, they'll have to make a 180° turn, which will give time for MiG pilot to disengage without risking getting hit by a missile.

Engaging in 1 v 1 situation can sometimes be done, but unless a faster opponent forces it (which happens rarely, as faster opponents turn worse than the MiG) it is only recommended if there are no other enemies nearby. However, do never turn-fight with Draken or Mirage. A good tactic for defensive dogfights is trying to make enemy overshoot, especially against Phantoms. Keep in mind however that you can outrun F-4C.

===Specific enemies worth noting===

* MiG-21 bis and MiG-21 SMT, if you play against the Soviets. They are faster and have better acceleration (bis in particular) but are slightly heavier and less agile
* Mirage IIIC, has very similar acceleration and top speed, but will outturn MiG-21 MF and has great Matra Magic missiles.
* F-4E/F-4EJ. They are armed with great missiles, fighting them at altitude is not recommended. One the deck they are faster and have better energy retention.
* J35 Draken, will always outturn you. It is very important to keep an energy advantage when attempting to fight the Draken, turn fighting is the worst thing possible against a Draken and tactics that involve retaining energy is best when attempting to fight the Draken. Forcing the Draken to dump its energy is the best way to fight against it.

===Radars===

The MiG-21MF is equipped with a RP-21 Sapfir search and tracking radar. The radar is mounted in the nose of the aircraft.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" | RP-21 - Target Detection Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
! {{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
! {{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
! {{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
| 30,000 m (theoretical) || 20,000 m || ±30.0° || -3.0°/+17.0°
|-
! colspan="4" | RP-21 - Target Tracking Radar
|-
! {{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
! {{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
! {{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
! {{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
| 20,000 m || 300 m || ±30.0° || ±17.0°
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to four R-60 missiles with great tracking and G-tolerance
* High AoA
* Good ground attack loadouts
* Light and agile
* A small profile which is harder to hit
* Decent fuel load allows for reheating for the whole match
* Flares

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible cannon armament
* Terrible energy retention
* No combat flaps

== History ==

The MiG-21MF (Germany) is a second-generation variant of the popular MiG-21 'Fishbed'. Operated by the East German Air Force (''Luftstreitkräfte der Nationalen Volksarmee''; '''LSK''') between 1972 and 1990, the aircraft was an export variant of the MiG-21SM, and is highly similar to its counterpart, the [[MiG-21SMT]]. Designated the 'Fishbed-J', the aircraft formed the bulk of the LSK in the late stages of the Cold War. All German MiG-21 aircraft were retired following the German Reunification, though some survive as museum aircraft to this day.<ref name=":0">Aviata. (2020)</ref><ref name=":1">Museum, D. (2020)</ref>

=== Design and procurement ===
The East German Air Force received many MiG-21 variants due to their ties with the Soviet Bloc. 76 MiG-21F-13 aircraft had been delivered to the East German Air Force in the early 1960s, and they later received 50 MiG-21PF 'Fishbed-D' planes, which were known as the MiG-21PFM in East German service.<ref name=":0" /> This generated considerable confusion as the German MiG-21PFs had inadvertently been given the same name as the later, Soviet-made, MiG-21PFM 'Fishbed-F'.<ref name=":0" /> However, in the early 1970s, the LSK received its first 3rd-generation MiG-21s, the MiG-21MF. This aircraft was essentially an export variant of the Soviet MiG-21SM. 50 MiG-21MFs were delivered to the LSK between 1972 and 1974.<ref name=":0" />

The MiG-21MF differs from the standard MiG-21SM by having a less powerful engine and simplified radar system, meaning that it accelerates slightly slower than its Soviet counterpart. It could reach a maximum speed of 2,230 km/h, and was flown by a single pilot.<ref name=":1" /> As an interceptor, it carried a 23 mm dual-barreled cannon with 200 rounds in a ventral pack, and was also capable of fitting a variety of munitions including bombs, rockets and missiles.<ref name=":0" />

=== Service history ===
The MiG-21MF enjoyed a fairly uneventful service history with the LSK. The aircraft served with ''Jagdgeschwader'' (JG, fighter group) 8 and JG 9. It complemented the earlier MiG-21PFM and MiG-21F-13 aircraft in German service. Later on, it was complemented by the MiG-21bis, the final MiG-21 variant to serve with the German Air Force. At the time of the German reunification, many MiG-21s remained in German service.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> As the new combined ''Luftwaffe'' had no plans to continue using the Soviet-era interceptor, all MiG-21 aircraft were retired in late 1990 following the German reunification. Many of those aircraft were reserved as museum pieces, and several survive to this day in museums across the globe.<ref name=":1" />

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=fighter&vehicle=mig-21_mf Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images

[[File:MiG-21MF.jpg|thumb|none|300px|]]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|oMWZhOXmQYg|'''"MiG-21MF - The Orange MiG [Air Forces]''' - ''BaconGaming''|vhTZXYk6eao|'''Tank busters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:19 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|DwixJCfFMU8|'''MiG-21MF''' - ''Napalmratte''|R8lBSC7IFUM|'''Should You Buy The MiG-21MF??''' - ''Sako Sniper''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_f13}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_smt}}
* {{Specs-Link|mig-21_bis}}

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21|[Wikipedia] Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]]
* [http://www.airvectors.net/avmig21_1.html <nowiki>[Air Vectors]</nowiki> The Mikoyan MiG-21 - MiG-21 Single-Seat Variants]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/479893-mig-21mf/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references />
=== Works Cited ===

* Aviata. (2020). German MiG-21. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from <nowiki>https://aviatia.net/german-mig-21/</nowiki>
* Museum, D. (2020). Mikojan-Gurewitsch MiG-21 MF. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from <nowiki>https://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/flugwerft/collections/jet-aircraft/mig-21/</nowiki>

{{AirManufacturer MiG}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

Jaguar A

2021-11-06T14:53:23Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */ removed no flares con as it now has them.

{{About
| about = French strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Jaguar (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=jaguar_a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Raining Fire"]]. It is a twin-engine ground assault aircraft, designed with the transport and operation of heavy ordnance in mind. It also comes equipped with air-to-air missiles, in the form of the dreaded [[Matra R550 Magic 1]]. Overall a bomb truck, it is very unwieldy while fully loaded, but is exceptionally nimble once its bomb/rocket load is expended.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The SEPECAT Jaguar is a relatively small aircraft, with a relatively small wing surface area, yet it boasts two jet engines, each yielding nearly two tons of wet thrust. These characteristics give the Jaguar exceptional agility and responsiveness, being able to engage turnfights if necessary. On the other hand, this small frame makes the Jaguar turn into a brick when loaded with bombs, even becoming so heavy it becomes very hard to take-off. The wings are of a swept design, and the Jaguar loses energy while turning only moderately, not being a BnZ fighter, but not being as bad as a [[Mirage IIIC]] or a [[J35D]] Draken. Overall it is a quite average fighter, while not loaded.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 10,668 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,464 || 1,453 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.8 || 32.4 || 74.6 || 67.7 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,524 || 1,490 || 28.6 || 30.0 || 108.7 || 90.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 926 || 525 || 410 || ~12 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 650 || < 600 || < 720 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Limited Adour Mk.102 || 2
| colspan="3" | 7,616 kg || colspan="3" | 453 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 15m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 53m fuel
|-
| 709 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 8,592 kg || 8,838 kg || 9,448 kg || 10,365 kg || 10,869 kg || 13,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 15m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 53m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,998 kgf || 3,094 kgf
| 0.72 || 0.70 || 0.65 || 0.60 || 0.57 || 0.46
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 2,242 kgf (200 km/h) || 3,307 kgf (200 km/h)
| 0.77 || 0.75 || 0.70 || 0.64 || 0.61 || 0.49
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The Jaguar A has no armour plating or armoured glass. The entire wings of the Jaguar A are made up of fuel tanks, along with most of the upper fuselage, with flight controls being exposed in the "spine" of the aircraft. The two engines take up a small amount of room in the very rear of the fuselage.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|DEFA 553 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 2 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannons, belly-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
** 2 x 30 mm DEFA 553 cannons + 252 x countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SAMP Type 25 (250 kg)|SAMP Type 21 (400 kg)|BGL-400 (400 kg)|BGL-1000 (970 kg)|AS-30L Nord}}
{{main|Matra R550 Magic 1|SNEB type 23|TBA ECC|TBA Multi-Dart 100 AB}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 11 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (2,750 kg total)
* 8 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (3,200 kg total)
* 108 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 144 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 16 x TBA ECC rockets
* 16 x TBA Multi-Dart 100 AB rockets
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 9 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (2,250 kg total)
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 6 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (2,400 kg total)
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 8 x TBA ECC rockets
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 8 x TBA Multi-Dart 100 AB rockets
* 2 x AS-30L Nord missiles
* 2 x AS-30L Nord missiles + 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles
* 8 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 6 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (2,400 kg total)
* 108 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 144 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 16 x TBA ECC rockets
* 16 x TBA Multi-Dart 100 AB rockets
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 6 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (1,500 kg total)
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 4 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (1,600 kg total)
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 72 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 8 x TBA ECC rockets
* 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles + 8 x TBA Multi-Dart 100 AB rockets
* 2 x 400 kg BGL-400 bombs (800 kg total)
* 2 x 400 kg BGL-400 bombs + 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles (800 kg total)
* 2 x 970 kg BGL-1000 bombs (1,940 kg total)
* 2 x 400 kg BGL-400 bombs + 2 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (1,300 kg total)
* 2 x 400 kg BGL-400 bombs + 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (1,600 kg total)
* 2 x 970 kg BGL-1000 bombs + 2 x 250 kg SAMP Type 25 bombs (2,440 kg total)
* 2 x 970 kg BGL-1000 bombs + 2 x 400 kg SAMP Type 21 bombs (2,740 kg total)
* 2 x 970 kg BGL-1000 bombs + 2 x Matra R550 Magic 1 missiles (1,940 kg total)

The sets of bombs are the heaviest ordnances for the aircraft, but ensure a good supply of CAS support capability, even though bomb runs in combined battles are extremely dangerous at such BRs.

The most exotic loadout proposed by the Jaguar A is the TBA Multi-Dart 100 AB rocket. This rocket is a hypersonic, sub-munition-carrying vessel, with each rocket carrying six darts, and reaching 1400 m/s, or Mach 4.2. Each dart is in fact a small kinetic penetrator, each being able to penetrate 80 mm of flat armour, and relying only on fragmentation of armour as post-penetration damage. While these darts cannot pierce the front (or even side) hull of a modern MBT, it will pierce its roof without problems, and the rocket speed and number of darts gives the possibility of top attacks from a safe distance, with extreme precision.

== Usage in battles ==

The Jaguar A is a catastrophic aircraft to grind, because its only air-to-air missiles are locked as a rank 4 modification. The entirety of its opposition will be carrying both IR and semi-active radar missiles. Once these missiles are researched, the Jaguar becomes a force to be reckoned with, and it can be expected that a few kills can be made on unsuspecting enemies. The bomb/rocket load of the Jaguar A is decent, and bombing bases and key targets is definitely a good way to acquire experience. Carrying a hybrid air-to-air and air-to-ground load is a good compromise, retaining adequate ground pounding capabilities while acquiring self-defence capabilities.

It is a good tactic to let pure fighters go in front, and remain at low altitude. That way the Jaguar will not be in the front lines, and will be able to expend its bomb load and attempt to help fighters with its missiles. The Jaguar cannot face aircraft such as a MiG-21, or a Mirage IIIC, or even a Phantom II and be expected to win. The aircraft fares better as a support aircraft.

In Combined battles, many CAS options are available. Be it the SAMP bombs, SNEB rockets, or Multi-Dart rockets, with the latter being its cutting edge weapon against ground forces. Remaining at a safe distance and avoiding incoming missiles while selecting a target, then pointing it swiftly for a top attack with one or more Multi-Dart rockets seems to be an adequate usage of these weapons. It can be decided to abandon the air-to-air missiles to carry more ordnance, that is a choice of attack paradigm each player must make.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Small frame, hard to hit with guns
* Nimble and agile while not loaded
* Carries two extremely efficient [[Matra R550 Magic 1]] missiles
* Carries an exotic weapon for CAS, which players are not used to face
* Can be played as a bomb truck
* Has a [[HUD#410SUM1|Head-Up Display]] in the cockpit which provides flight information and weapon aiming functionality
* Very effective [[TBA Multi-Dart 100 AB]] rockets containing an array of six sub-calibre darts, each a small kinetic penetrator capable of piercing 80 mm of armour

'''Cons:'''

* Mediocre speed performance
* Researching the modifications are a hassle
* Basically a barely flying anvil when fully loaded with bombs
* No protection
* No radar (and thus no radar guided missiles)

== History ==

The Jaguar A was the French variant of the SEPECAT Jaguar developed jointly by France and the United Kingdom. The first prototype flew in late 1968, fitted with the Adour engine. The aircraft later flew at the Paris Air Show in 1969, and the further developed Jaguar A prototype, improved and designed for French service, flew in March of that year. After the commencement of production, the French Air Service accepted the first Jaguar A in December of 1973, one of an eventual 160 Jaguar A aircraft that would serve with the Air Service. As well, the Air Ministry procured 40 additional Jaguar E trainers, to help train pilots for the Jaguar A.
[[File:Jaguar A in the Gulf.jpg|thumb|A Jaguar being serviced on the ground during the Persian Gulf War.]]
The aircraft was able to carry an AN-52 nuclear bomb; however, the aircraft never served with the French strategic nuclear force as the role had been taken by the Mirage IV. The aircraft was immediately pressed into service defending national interests in Africa, a mission sometimes referred to as "Jaguar Diplomacy". Thus, Jaguars had their combat debut fighting rebels in Mauritania. The aircraft also flew in the Chad-Libya conflict and in the Central African Republic. During its time in African-theatre service, the Jaguar gained a reputation for being a highly effective ground attacker; Libyan forces frequently tried to sabotage the Jaguars stationed in Chad due to their effectiveness against ground targets.

Later on, Jaguars served in the Gulf War and the 1999 Kosovo conflict. The aircraft flew 615 sorties in the Gulf War, and one aircraft was lost to an Iraqi SAM. The plane was frequently used to destroy Iraqi convoys, naval vessels and Scud missile sites. The aircraft also performed a valuable reconnaissance role, providing aerial photography and intelligence for the NATO forces. The Jaguars went on to serve until 2005 when they were replaced in the ground-attack role by the Dassault Rafale.

=== [[wt:en/news/6841-development-sepecat-jaguar-raining-fire-en|Devblog]] ===
In the early 1960's, both Great Britain and France were looking into procuring a new jet trainer for their respective air forces. Despite differences in specifications and requirements, the two nations were united in their pursuit for such a new aircraft, thus leading to an agreement being signed in 1965 which would kick off development of what would eventually become the Jaguar.

The Jaguar was being developed under a specially formed consortium of British and French aviation companies, namely Bréguet and BAC, called SEPECAT (you can look up what the acronym stands for on your own - we promise you won't be disappointed though). Continuing with the theme of joint projects, Rolls-Royce and Turbomeca also joined forces to develop a new turbofan engine - the Adour - for the new aircraft.

The first of eight prototypes of the Jaguar successfully conducted its maiden flight in September of 1968. Following the conclusion of further testing, the Jaguar went into production in two major variants - the Jaguar A being the modification used by the French Air Force and the Jaguar S (Jaguar GR.1) being the variant employed by the RAF. Both variants of the machine entered production in the early 1970's, with the first production models being delivered in 1973/'74.

The Jaguar primarily served with France and Great Britain, most notably distinguishing itself in action during the Gulf War of the 1990's. However, Ecuador, Nigeria and Oman also operated modifications of the Jaguar, while India still operates the Jaguar to this day. In total over 540 SEPECAT Jaguars were built.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jaguar_a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Jaguar A Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:Jaguar A WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Jaguar A WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Jaguar A WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Jaguar A WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|xNA65Ms4gwY|'''The Shooting Range #221''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


* [[F-1]]
* [[T-2]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6841-development-sepecat-jaguar-raining-fire-en|[Devblog] SEPECAT Jaguar: Raining Fire]]

{{AirManufacturer SEPECAT}}
{{France jet aircraft}}

Srak m/51

2021-05-31T18:40:53Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:15 cm srak m/51}}
[[File:150mm srak m51.jpg|right|thumb]]

== Description ==
[[File:WeaponImage Srak m51.png|thumb|left|420px|The Srak m/51 rocket (scale is approximate)]]
{{break}}
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|saab_a21a_3|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_a21rb|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_a32a|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_b18b|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|vampire_fb5_j28b|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_j29d|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_j29b|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_t18b_1|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_t18b_2|short}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable"
|'''Caliber'''
|150mm
|-
|'''Projectile Mass'''
|64 kg
|-
|'''max. speed'''
|420 m/s
|-
|'''Explosive Type'''
|TNT
|-
|'''Explosive Mass'''
|4.5 kg
|-
|'''TNT equivalent'''
|4.5 kg
|-
|'''Fuze Sensitivity'''
|?
|}
=== Effective damage ===


{| class="wikitable"
!
!0°
!30°
!60°
|-
|'''10m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|-
|'''100m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|-
|'''500m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|-
|'''1000m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|-
|'''1500m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|-
|'''2000m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|}
=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of rockets that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilise this rocket in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

Good for anti tank use, better than the rockets with HEAT warheads. Also has near the same HE load as the larger 4x rockets.

*

'''Cons:'''

Non direct hits are ineffective.

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Rockets}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

Srak m/51

2021-05-31T18:39:49Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */ added a pro

{{DISPLAYTITLE:15 cm srak m/51}}
[[File:150mm srak m51.jpg|right|thumb]]

== Description ==
[[File:WeaponImage Srak m51.png|thumb|left|420px|The Srak m/51 rocket (scale is approximate)]]
{{break}}
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|saab_a21a_3|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_a21rb|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_a32a|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_b18b|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|vampire_fb5_j28b|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_j29d|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_j29b|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_t18b_1|short}}
* {{Specs-Link|saab_t18b_2|short}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable"
|'''Caliber'''
|150mm
|-
|'''Projectile Mass'''
|64 kg
|-
|'''max. speed'''
|420 m/s
|-
|'''Explosive Type'''
|TNT
|-
|'''Explosive Mass'''
|4.5 kg
|-
|'''TNT equivalent'''
|4.5 kg
|-
|'''Fuze Sensitivity'''
|?
|}
=== Effective damage ===


{| class="wikitable"
!
!0°
!30°
!60°
|-
|'''10m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|-
|'''100m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|-
|'''500m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|-
|'''1000m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|-
|'''1500m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|-
|'''2000m'''
|39mm
|39mm
|39mm
|}
=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of rockets that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilise this rocket in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

Good for anti tank use, better than the rockets with HEAT warheads. Also has near the same HE load as the larger 4x rockets.

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Rockets}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

Super Mystere B2

2020-11-12T13:01:42Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=md_460}}
{{About
| about = French jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Mystere (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

The French Super Mystère was designed, developed and manufactured by Dassault Aviation as a multi-role fighter-bomber, a niche which would later encompass such aircraft as the F-105 Thunderchief and the [[F-4C Phantom II|F-4C Phantom]] which could not be pigeon-holed into one type of combat role. The multi-role function created a combat multiplier with just one aircraft instead of needing several specialized aircraft to do certain jobs. A last-minute change of targets could allow for weapons change or multiple types of ordnance can be carried to take on one or more roles during a combat run.

The Super Mystère is the culminating aircraft in a series of four other predecessors before it. Initially starting with the Dassault Ouragan, modifications and upgrades led to the Mystère II, Mystère III and Mystère IV. The Mystère series fighters while quick could not go supersonic except during a dive whereas, like many of the newer aircraft of the time, the Super Mystère had swept wings which allowed it to achieve supersonic flight during level flight. Another plus to the Super Mystère was that its turbojet engine was equipped with an afterburner which earlier Mystère fighters did not have.

The {{PAGENAME}} can fulfil a multi-role function by either being a fighter-interceptor or a fighter-bomber. Outfitted with the afterburner, this fighter can easily become an interceptor either going after fighters or bombers. This fighter is outfitted with two 30 mm DEFA 552 autocannons as its main weapon and also can be fitted with SNEB type 23 rockets, T10 151 rockets, AA-20 Nord missiles or AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles for air to air combat. Though the rockets and missiles are not a guarantee that the enemy will be hit and go down, always be ready to follow up with the DEFA 552 as the enemy fighter will most likely be in an energy-drained situation and a relatively easy target to mop up with the autocannon.

Though relatively nimble and quick when outfitted for air-to-air combat, things change when switched to ground-pounding. The speed and manoeuvrability trade-off is worth it as this fighter converted to a bomber can carry a hefty payload for an aircraft of its size. Ground-attack rockets are a good option especially with the T10 151 or SNEB type 23 to focus on attacking lighter clustered targets. For direct bomb-to-target ordnance, the aircraft has the choice of outfitting either 1,000 or 2,000 lbs of bombs, enough to do serious damage to larger ships, hardened targets and bases.

The {{PAGENAME}} is a fighter/interceptor/bomber which newer pilots to supersonic jets can master quickly, especially with a playstyle they are comfortable with. Though not the fastest fighter, it has speed enough to not get out of control and depending on the playstyle of the pilot, air-to-air combat, air-to-ground combat or a mix of both are available options depending on the suspended weapons loadout allowing the pilot to take to the skies to destroy enemy targets and aid in whittling down the enemy's tickets towards victory.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

The {{PAGENAME}} is a typical middle of the road jet fighter in terms of flight performance. With its swept wings, it has a distinct advantage over earlier fighters with straight wings, however, it is surpassed by those jets which can hit or hit close to Mach 2. Modifications and upgrades from earlier Mystère fighters moulded the {{PAGENAME}} into what it is, going from its swept wings and tailplanes to its strengthened wing spars all held together with titanium bolts. This aircraft is meant to go fast, meant to make high-g manoeuvres and to carry heavy payloads when required.

Outfitted with an afterburner, this fighter has decent acceleration and can achieve >Mach speed in level flight and even faster during a dive. This fighter does handle well during a dive and control stiffening does not begin until around 900 kph and starts to become severe around 1,050 kph. Though the wings have been reinforced for the greater weight loads, the wings can potentially shear off at around 1,265 kph. When carrying heavier loads such as the AN-M64A1 500 lb or AN-M65A1 1,000 lb bombs the overall manoeuvrability and acceleration of this aircraft will suffer, but not as bad as some of the other contemporary fighters in a similar situation.

Due to the possibility of being attacked by faster jet fighters, it is important to try to set up the enemy to overshoot the {{PAGENAME}} and one way to do that when being tailed is to reduce throttle, extend air brakes and manoeuvre to the right or left, if the chasing fighter cannot compensate to the Mystère's manoeuvres then they will zoom past, which will allow the {{PAGENAME}} to retract flaps, go full throttle and target the fleeing aircraft to attempt a firing solution.

While the acceleration in this aircraft is decent, the climb rate is quite good and this fighter does have a good bit of energy retention when coming out of a dive. When manoeuvring in this fighter, it is best to make short and quick movements rather than long turning manoeuvres to help conserve energy. This aircraft has an excellent roll rate and when aerial combat fighting, the style which lends the best to the strengths of the fighter is the Boom & Zoom manoeuvres.

[[File:Super_Mystere_sgteagle_001.jpg|500px|thumb|right|A pair of '''{{PAGENAME}}''' fighters preparing to engage enemy targets.]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - at sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,176 || 1,143 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.8 || 33.1 || 47.5 || 47.5 || rowspan="2" | 800
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,208 || 1,199 || 30.4 || 31.0 || 76.0 || 61.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 620 || 620 || 435 || ~10 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 600 || < 610 || < 590 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | SNECMA Atar 101G2 || 1
| colspan="2" | 7,105 kg || colspan="3" | 262 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 38m fuel
|-
| 950 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,711 kg || 8,192 kg || 8,726 kg || 9,154 kg || 11,645 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 11m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 38m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,003 kgf || 4,144 kgf
| 0.54 || 0.51 || 0.47 || 0.45 || 0.36
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,222 kgf (600 km/h) || 4,535 kgf (600 km/h)
| 0.59 || 0.55 || 0.52 || 0.50 || 0.39
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 14 mm steel plate - front cockpit
* 14 mm steel plate - behind the pilot's seat
* 14 mm steel plate - behind the pilot's headrest (the two 14 mm plates butt up against each other effectively providing 28 mm total or 30 mm when adjusting for constructional armour slope angle
* 40 mm bulletproof glass in canopy windshield

[[File:SuperMystereB2_001.jpg|450px|thumb|right|An X-ray view of the '''{{PAGENAME}}''' displaying the various armour protection in the aircraft.]]
The {{PAGENAME}} is a fighter which is in a unique position of being in a transitional period between the end of World War II and the Vietnam Era. Still holding onto some of the facets of a WW II fighter which later fighters eliminate, this French fighter has a decent amount of armour to protect the pilot, something later jets forgo to allow for more speed and to carry more ordnance. The pilot of the {{PAGENAME}} is well protected from the front with a bulletproof windscreen which due to its slope has an effective thickness of 67 mm. The huge gaping hole in the front of the aircraft sucking in copious amounts of air for the engine presents a problem, as, during head-on attacks, bullets potentially could fly right into the air intake and penetrate the cockpit with very little resistance. To combat this problem, the fighter has a 14 mm steel plate which blocks the entire front area of the cockpit area, protecting the pilot but leaving enough space for the air to get to the engine.

During attacks from behind, the pilot is again protected by two plates, one directly behind the seat and a second one behind the headrest with the combination of the two plates providing around 30 mm of protection. The rest of the critical components of the aircraft are left relatively unprotected with many fuel tanks in the wings, more in the fuselage surrounding the engine and the engine itself. When attacking this aircraft, the wings and centre fuselage provide the best areas of attack as they are most likely to hit a critical component or blow off a wing. Pilot sniping may be effective from the side, but trying to line up that shot will be difficult and the attacking pilot will have a better chance to hit the larger areas of the wings or fuselage.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|DEFA 552 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons, chin-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)

The {{PAGENAME}} like many of the fighters of the time got away from machine guns and were outfitted with autocannons, in this case, 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons. Lessons learned the hard way in other aircraft resulted in the lower fuselage under where the cockpit is, but behind the air-intake to the aircraft. This resulting location provided optimal fire control as convergence is not an issue, however, the pilot must still correct for bullet drop for the 30 mm rounds. Also, exhaust gasses from the cannons were not anywhere near air intake and did not threaten to choke out the engine as happened with the [[Hunter F.6]] or the [[MiG-19 (Family)|MiG-19]] fighters when their guns were fired and exhaust gasses were ingested into the air intakes. The two DEFA 552 cannons only have 150 rounds per gun which require the pilot to exercise trigger control so not to waste ammunition.

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|AN-M65A1 Fin M129 (1,000 lb)}}
{{main|T10 151|SNEB type 23|AA-20 Nord|AS-20 Nord|AIM-9B Sidewinder}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 12 x T10 151 rockets
* 38 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 35 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 2 x AA-20 Nord missiles
* 2 x AS-20 Nord missiles
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 35 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 2 x AA-20 Nord missiles
* 35 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 2 x AS-20 Nord missiles
* 2 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs + 35 x SNEB type 23 rockets (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin M129 bombs + 35 x SNEB type 23 rockets (2,000 lb total)
* 12 x T10 151 rockets + 35 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 73 x SNEB type 23 rockets
* 35 x SNEB type 23 rockets + 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles

The {{PAGENAME}} was built to be a battlewagon of an aircraft, capable of fulfilling different roles as the mission dictated. This fighter has access to a multitude of both French and US armaments to round out its capabilities no matter what map it spawns on whether it is an air-to-air attack, ground-attack or both.

;Air-to-air attack

Most maps in War Thunder lend themselves to cater to air-to-air attacks, especially on domination maps with battles to control airfields. For this purpose, the {{PAGENAME}} and morph into the fighter-interceptor role and pursue fighters, attackers and bombers without discrimination. Specific weapons for air-to-air combat include:

* AIM-9B Sidewinder: The AIM-9B Sidewinder is an extremely effective short-range guided missile which acquires and maintains contact with its target through an IR lens on the head of the missile. Extremely quick and agile, this missile is very difficult to out-manoeuvre. Enemy fighters which out-manoeuvre this missile are typically left in a severely energy-depleted state, being an easy target to be eliminated with the firing aircraft's on-board DEFA 552 autocannons.
* AA-20 Nord: The AA-20, typically regarded as a stepping stone to future missiles, had many limitations in that it requires the pilot to guide the missile to its target through a command link. The missile's movement due to its fixed wings resulted in a steady roll rate, but guidance adjustments came through the combined efforts of the control system and gyroscope. Not the easy fire-and-forget style like the Sidewinder, this missile will take some skill and much practice to master.

;Air-to-ground attack

Converting this fighter-interceptor to a fighter-bomber is as easy as changing out the suspended armament types. Options here range from using dropped munition bombs or unguided rockets, fired either singly or in salvos depending on the type.

* AS-20 Nord: The AS-20 is a modified version of the AA-20 to convert it to an Air-to-Ground missile, largely the main change was adding a larger warhead and installing an impact fuse. Limitations for this missile are the same as the AA-20 being a command guidance control missile which results in the pilot's concentration during the launch and contact with the target phase resulting in a vulnerable aircraft.
* T10 151 rockets: These are unguided 68 mm rockets which are launched from a rocket pod. Typically rockets of this size are ineffective when fired singly, this rocket should be fired in salvos where chances are increased that one or more will hit the target. Best used against lighter vehicles, anti-aircraft guns and aircraft sitting on the airfield.
* 500 lb AN-M64A1 bomb: The AN-M64A1 is a good multi-purpose bomb which can have an effect on bases, but should be reserved for more hardened targets like fortified pill-boxes, medium to large tanks or vehicles which are clustered together.
* 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 Fin-M129 bomb: The AN-M51A1 is a heavy-hitting bomb which can do some serious damage to a base or other hardened targets. Though a waste against smaller and lighter targets, it can be effective when used against clustered targets (sometimes overkill).

;Multi-use attack

In combination with the 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons, the {{PAGENAME}} can be outfitted with SNEB type 23 unguided rockets which can be utilised with great effect both in the air and on the ground.

* SNEB type 23 rockets: The SNEB type 23 rockets area available in greater quantities than the T10 151's with numbers as great as 73. For air-to-air, these rockets are most effective when used against bomber aircraft as they are typically slower and a large target, perfect for a large salvo launch of type 23 rockets. When encountering lighter ground targets which are in relatively close proximity to each other large amounts of the SNEB type 23 rockets can cover large areas of ground with exploding rockets highly increasing the chances of hitting one or more targets in a single pass. These rockets can be considered an area denial weapon as when salvos are fired at an airfield, aircraft attempting to land intent on capturing the runway will most likely power up and abort the landing or risk the destruction of their aircraft.

Thanks to the many different options of suspended armaments available to this aircraft, options and roles can be mixed and matched to the pilot's desires and the map's available targets, for either air-to-air combat, ground-attack combat or a mixed-bag of both. The {{PAGENAME}} can be a jack-of-all-trades and when coming up against one, the attacking pilot making assumptions may find themselves rethinking the attack when the {{PAGENAME}} turns the tables.

== Usage in battles ==


The Dassault {{PAGENAME}} is the result of many years of research and development, specifically learning lessons from earlier Mystère fighters. The result is a well-rounded fighter/interceptor/bomber aircraft which will have no problems finding a role on any map to maximize its potential. Suspended weapon options for this aircraft give it the potential for air-to-air combat, ground-attack combat or even a complementary mix of both types of weapons to go after targets of opportunity both in the air and on the ground. Though not a glamorous and well-known fighter such as those from other nations, the {{PAGENAME}} can be a diamond in the rough which can sneak its way up the leader board racking up destroyed aircraft, ground targets and even enemy bases.

For lack of better words, the {{PAGENAME}} in air-to-air combat can be a very effective face-puncher, in that it does quite well in head-to-head attacks. When lining up a head-on attack, a short burst from the dual 30 mm cannons is enough to send an enemy jet down in flames. Though a poor position to get a lock for the AIM-9B Sidewinders, head-on attacks are the perfect opportunity to unfurl an AA-20 Nord guided missile. During head-ons, since you are already flying toward an enemy pilot, the AA-20 can be launched and guided right into the path of the incoming fighter for what is typically a destroying blow. The AIM-9B missiles should be reserved for slower aircraft such as attackers, bombers and helicopters which typically cannot outmanoeuvre the missiles whereas faster fighters can break the missile lock with high-G manoeuvres. When faster fighters are on the {{PAGENAME}}'s tail, don't forget to reduce throttle, pop air brakes, drop combat flaps and manoeuvre to one side or the other, this will make it extremely difficult for the trailing enemy fighter to get a gun/missile solution and will typically overshoot, allowing the {{PAGENAME}} to raise flaps, close air brakes and increase throttle to get guns on the enemy fighter.

The {{PAGENAME}} has a wide array of ground-attack ordnance and can weasel its way into a battleground to take out targets ranging from soft anti-aircraft to heavy tanks and enemy bases. SNEB type 23 rockets are small, but used en mass can wreak havoc upon ground targets especially those which are clustered quite close together. Unguided rockets can also be especially useful against enemy fighters which may be attempting to capture an airfield as unlike bullets, the rockets only need to explode close to the aircraft to inflict damage. If the pilot elects to, they can become a fighter-bomber heavy mover and carry up to 2,000 lbs of bombs allowing for severe damage to be inflicted to heavier targets and bases. The pilot will need to be aware that carrying the heavier ordnance will impact the aircraft's manoeuvrability and flight characteristics until the ordnance is released.

Being a middle-of-the-road fighter, the {{PAGENAME}} cannot take any other fighters for granted. Many enemy fighters will have a speed advantage and will be able to run circles around it, however, the Mystère must learn to drastically reduce its speed a times to force overshoots of both aircraft and missiles, however, they must be ready to counter the enemy or else they will just try to chase them down again. Though the {{PAGENAME}} may have a speed advantage over earlier fighters, that is no need to become complacent, the slower fighters can attempt the same strategy as the Mystère when going against faster aircraft and position for an overshoot, forcing the {{PAGENAME}} out front and within gun range. The {{PAGENAME}} is susceptible to missile fire (especially AIM-9 Sidewinders) and for [[Boom & Zoom]] fighters which seem to swoop in from out of nowhere to claim a victim. The critical thing for a {{PAGENAME}} pilot to do is to maintain their situational awareness, keep their speed up and look for targets of opportunity.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Compressor
|
| Offensive 30 mm
| ALCAN 502 500
| Matra Type 61
|-
| II
| New boosters
|
| Airframe
|
| ALCAN 502 1000
| Matra Type 116
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 30 mm cannons
| Nord AA.20
| Matra Type 105
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
| Nord AS.20
| AIM-9B
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Faster in level flight than a majority of similar rank aircraft
* Afterburner provides superior high-speed acceleration compared to many of its peers
* Good armament and a wide range of ordinance options
* Good pilot protection
* Has a Drogue Chute
* SNEB Type 23 rockets shoot extend from middle fuselage, giving good aim even at longer ranges.

'''Cons:'''

* Poor vertical energy retention
* Cannot reach Mach 1 in level flight below 6000 meters
* Mediocre low-speed acceleration even with afterburner
* Lackluster stock performance
* 15-meter proximity fuse on the AA-20 missiles will sometimes result in no damage hits

== History ==

The Super Mystère was the final aircraft of the Mystère family of jet fighters, whose development history began with the creation of the Dassault Ouragan in the late 1940s. Featuring a modified design over the preceding Mystère 4 and being fitted with the new Rolls-Royce Avon afterburning turbojet engine, the resulting Super Mystère B.1 prototype became the first French supersonic jet fighter after conducting its maiden flight in March 1955.

Following the successful maiden flight of the prototype of the Super Mystère, a more refined production version of the machine was created shortly afterwards. Known as the Super Mystère B.2, the production version of the aircraft featured the SNECMA Atar 101G engine, compared to the Rolls-Royce Avon found on the prototype.

The Super Mystère B.2 entered production in 1956, with an initial contract for 150 aircraft being signed. By the end of production in 1959, around 180 Super Mystère B.2s were built out of a planned 370 units.

Entering service with the French Air Force in 1957, the Super Mystère B.2 served with French units for a good two decades before being replaced by newer and more advanced machines. Apart from its own forces, the Super Mystère B.2 was also exported and used by foreign operators. Most notably, Israel fielded some 24 Super Mystères, which had successfully proven themselves in action during the Six-Day and Yom-Kippur wars.

As the Super Mystère was slowly being phased out of French and Israeli service, Israel sold around a dozen of its Super Mystères to Honduras. In service with Honduras, the Super Mystères undertook their final missions as part of actions against Nicaraguan forces during border skirmishes before being ultimately decommissioned in 1996.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6093-development-super-myst%C3%A8re-b-2-over-the-barrier-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Super Mystere wtwallpaper 001.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Super Mystere wtwallpaper 002.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Super Mystere wtwallpaper 003.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Super Mystere wtwallpaper 004.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Super Mystere wtwallpaper 005.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Super Mystere wtwallpaper 006.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Super Mystere wtwallpaper 007.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Super Mystere wtwallpaper 008.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|D5E31zE4Ko4|''Aesthetics above Performance! Super Mystere B2'' - '''Jengar'''|tEQx2gxxifw|''Super Mystère B2 8 Kills - I Appreciate It'' - '''Adam514'''|cLlIx_DOYRY|''Super Mystère - First Flight (Simulator)'' - '''Cpt Toastman'''}}

== See also ==


;Contemporary fighters

* [[F-100D]]
* [[MiG-19_(Family)|MiG-19]]
* [[Hunter F.1]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6093-development-super-myst%C3%A8re-b-2-over-the-barrier-en|[Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Super Mystère B.2: Over the Barrier]]
* Dassault Aviation. (n.d.). Super Mystère: origins, characteristics and performance data. Retrieved October 2019, from [https://www.dassault-aviation.com/en/passion/aircraft/military-dassault-aircraft/super-mystere/| Dassault military aircraft - Super Mystere].

{{AirManufacturer Bloch}}
{{France jet aircraft}}

M4A3 (105) (France)

2020-11-10T06:22:24Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card|code=fr_m4a3_105_sherman}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.97 "Viking Fury"]]. Armed with a [[M4 (105 mm)]] instead of the standard [[M3 (75 mm)]] cannon, the howitzer grants the Sherman a much more powerful high-explosive shell to use against lightly-armoured enemies. When the HEAT round is unlocked for the cannon, its firepower against more heavily armoured vehicle increases substantially.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
!Armour
!Front (Slope angle)
!Sides
!Rear
!Roof
|-
|Hull
|63.5 mm (47º) Front glacis
|38.1 mm
|38.1 mm (22º) Top
38.1 mm (13-44º)

Bottom
|19.5 mm
|-
|Turret
|76.2 mm (3-67º) Turret front
|50.8 mm (2-69º)
|50.8 mm (2-66º)
|25.4 mm
|-
!Armour
! colspan="2" |Sides
! colspan="2" |Roof
|-
|Cupola
| colspan="2" |63.5 mm
| colspan="2" |25.4 mm
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspension Wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick;
* Lower part of the hull ("break") is 107.9 mm thick;
* A small patch on the turret front right side is thinner (50.8 mm) than the rest (76.2 mm);

The M4A3 (105) has certain flaws that can be exploited quite well. First of all, the howitzer armament means that the shell travels in a low-velocity, meaning the M4A3 (105) will be unlikely to engage at a long distance. Another is the fact that the M4A3 (105)'s gun has a long reload and a slow traverse speed, meaning it is also not very good in a close-range encounter. Despite these flaws, the M4A3 (105) is a formidable foe with its armament. The HE and HEAT shell the 105 mm can dish out has a real possibility to knock out friendly crew and teammates, if not absolutely destroying light tanks. These high-explosives can also break tracks easily, causing the player tank to be immobilized and exposed not only to the M4A3 (105), but to the other enemies as well, and the M4A3 (105) will most likely not be alone.

To engage the M4A3 (105), try not to engage its frontal armour if in a tank with BR lower than 3.7. It's frontal armour, despite what most will say about the Sherman's armour, is quite formidable and can deflect most incoming enemy round from light and medium tanks. This is why it is recommended to bring high-velocity guns like the [[M7 (76 mm)]] on the [[M10 GMC]] or the [[KwK40 (75 mm)]] on the later Panzer IV. If it can't be engaged from the front, manoeuvre to its side and rear armour, as these armour plate are extremely vulnerable to even 37 mm guns. When manoeuvring around the M4A3 (105), try not expose the tank for a prolonged time and move faster than the M4A3 (105)'s slow turret traverse rate (though beware that the M4A3 can compensate this slow turn by turning the entire body). If fast enough, a tank could also move past the 105 mm low-velocity shell and mess up the enemy's lead. This will eventually lead to a good shot on the M4A3's weak points. Another simpler and less mobile way is to lie in wait in a tank destroyer such as the StuG III for the M4A3 to move tight into the TD's line of fire, giving a clean shot to a vulnerable armour part. A good shot on a general part of the hull can ignite one of the many ammo racks strewn around the interior.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=775|rbMinHp=442}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M4 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M4 (105 mm)|105 mm M4]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 66 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+35° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 5.7 || 7.9 || 9.6 || 10.6 || 11.3 || rowspan="2" | 13.00 || rowspan="2" | 11.50 || rowspan="2" | 10.60 || rowspan="2" | 10.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 3.6 || 4.2 || 5.1 || 5.6 || 6.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| M1 shell || HE || 27 || 27 || 27 || 27 || 27 || 27
|-
| M67 shot || HEAT || 130 || 130 || 130 || 130 || 130 || 130
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| M1 shell || HE ||472 || 14.85 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 2,180 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M67 shot || HEAT || 381 || 13.14 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 1,610 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| M84 || 457 || 14.9 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 50
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_M4A3_(105).png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the M4A3 (105) (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''66''' || 54 ''(+12)'' || 34 ''(+32)'' || 22 ''(+44)'' || 13 ''(+53)'' || 1 ''(+65)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* To go into battle with the turret empty of ammo, pack 22 ''(+44)'' shells (racks 1 to 3 emptied).

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle mount || 600 (200) || 576 || -10°/+30° || ±60°
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

This tank plays best as a support tank, stay with other tanks that have better side armour while using the relatively thick front armour to soak a few shots. Use the HEAT rounds to penetrate most armour of the M4A3 (105)'s rank and above, and remember that the M4A3 (105) is no brawler, so staying in the front line too close to hostiles will most likely spell a K.O. by ammo or crew. This tank gun has a very low velocity, so make sure to compensate for a large amount of drop

Having in mind the large calibre of this tank's main weapon, one can conclude that the HE shell (M1 shell) is big enough to dispatch some tanks. However, any armour larger than 28 mm won't let the explosion result in penetration. So for firing at strong armour plates, the HEAT shell (M67 shot) is required. It should be a top priority to research it. The HE shell will, however, be the most effective option whenever this Sherman's controller can find a suitably soft spot in the enemy vehicle's armour. Against soft vehicles, like most [[:Category:Anti-aircraft vehicles|SPAA]], the choice of ammunition for the main gun is fairly irrelevant, since a single shot should be enough to dispatch one of these, and remaining crew members can be taken down with one of the tank's [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|Browning]] machine guns, although HE is certainly the most effective at dishing out damage when armour is absent.

The HEAT round, unlike the HE one, has a tracer charge, which facilitates aiming. This is not critical, however, since the HE shell's sheer size allows for it to be seen without too much effort.

==== Tactics ====
The M4A3 (105) HVSS Sherman is a support tank, not a front-line brawler. Its adequate armour protection and a powerful gun put it on about the level of the [[M10 GMC|M10 Tank Destroyer]], but it has certain flaws and qualities that make it different than the usual Sherman tanks. Due to the 105 mm howitzer, knocking out the enemy crew in lightly armoured vehicles is a piece of cake. Aim for the enemy tank's lower turret to cause the most damage possible with the HE shells, as the HE shrapnel can be deflected down onto the hull roof and mess up the enemy crew. The 105 mm HE could also be aimed at the enemy tracks to blow it off, immobilizing the enemy. If none of the HE shells does damage to the target (which shouldn't happen most of the time), a well-placed HEAT shell, once unlocked, can easily set a tank aflame or blow up ammo stores. Don't get to close to enemy vehicles '''unless''' it is a limited traverse gun tank destroyer, in which case blow up its tracks with a HE that should do the trick.

A downfall(s) of the M4A3 (105) HVSS Sherman is its average mobility, slow turret traverse, and slow reload. Therefore, it is recommended to stick to allied tanks like glue or rely on hit-and-run tactics. The low velocity makes long-range shots relatively difficult. Never stay in the sights of tanks such as the [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|long-barrel 75 mm]] Panzer IV [[Pz.IV F2|F2]]/[[Pz.IV G|G]], StuG III [[StuG III F|F]]/[[StuG III G|G]] or [[T-34 (1942)|T-34]]/[[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|KV-1]]. These tanks can penetrate the M4A3 (105) HVSS Sherman's front armour, some more easily than others. Try not to get hit in the rear area as it will set the tank on fire and immobilize it, putting it in an extremely disadvantageous situation.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[LVT(A)(4) (ZiS-2) (China)|LVT(A)(4)(ZiS-2)]]: don't assume that you are indestructible in a downtier. If you see the giant boat-like chassis of a LVT but with a long cannon on top, be very careful. This LVT is able to penetrate your armor easily within 400m, or if you are not angling the hull. To block its incoming shells, either angle your hull, be at a hull-down position or be >500m away from it. While its shells can tear through your armor with ease, you can also effortlessly destroy it with your HEAT by causing a hull break. While you reload, don't forget to wiggle around in a patternless way to mess up its aim -- its gun traverse rather slowly, making it quite hard to keep up with moving targets.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| M67 shot
|
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
| M84
| Smoke grenade
|-
|}

* ''Parts'', ''M67 shot'' and ''FPE'' are key! Followed by all accuracy improvements, everything else is optional, but ''Artillery'' and all mobility upgrades are welcomed.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Devastating against lightly armoured tanks
* HE shells can cause serious damages even with a non-penetrating hit
* HEAT shell option with approximately 130 mm of penetration at any range, making it able to take on even the KV-1 from the front
* Both HE and HEAT shells have a high chance of causing hull breaks on lightly armoured foes
* .50 cal machine gun on top can provide AA defence
* Good mobility, best hp/weight ratio of any Sherman
* HVSS suspension gives good cross-country mobility
* Wide tracks makes it easier to brake at high speeds and climb steep mountains
* Better sloped frontal armour that can withstand lots of punishment

'''Cons:'''

* Poor ballistics, especially with HEAT shells, long-range fighting is not recommended, due to its extremely low shell velocity
* Slow reverse speed, retreating from dangerous situations may be a hassle
* Stock HE ineffective against even moderately armoured tanks
* HEAT shell post-penetration damage is somewhat punctual, follow up shots may be required at times
* Often targeted due to the large 105 mm gun
* Side and rear armour are very weak in comparison to the front
* Very slow turret traverse rate, relies on turning hull to get gun onto targets away from turret front
* Poor stationary turning ability combined with slow turret traverse makes flanking enemies a dangerous foe
* Long reload of more than 10 seconds

== History ==

{{main|M4A3_(105)#History|l1=History of the M4A3 (105)}}

Each US tank regiment was equipped with a few 105 mm M4A3 at the end of WW2. Their role was to support the other armoured units by destroying fortifications and obstacles. The M4A3 (105) was not provided officially to the Free French Forces through the lend-lease program. However, as they were embedded under US command in preparation of the invasion of France, a few French armoured divisions received the tank from US Army stocks.
The French 2nd Armoured Division received several M4A3 (105) under those circumstances in the UK in 1944. The 1ère and 5ème Divisions Blindées (1st and 5th Armored Divisions) were first equipped with M4A3(105) Shermans in April 1945. 18 M4A3(105) Shermans had been listed as authorized in January 1945, but they were not listed as on hand until April 29 - May 5. From images it can be seen that many of those tanks were M4(105)s, but at least one was an M4A3(105).

They saw combat action in France in 1944 and in Western Germany in early 1945.

After the war, many M4A3 (105) were supplied by the US to European countries as part of the Mutual Defense Assistance Act. France received 230 units they allocated to their cavalry units garrisoned in the French occupation zone in Germany. These M4A3 (105) never saw combat.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=france&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=fr_m4a3_105_sherman Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|_xCgMBOiA8U|'''High-explosive power''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:24 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[M4 Sherman (Family)]]

;Vehicles equipped with the same gun

* [[M4A3 (105)]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[StuH 42 G]]
* [[Sav m/43 (1946)]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:M4_Sherman|[Wikipedia] M4 Sherman]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/US/M4_Sherman <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Medium Tank M4 Sherman]

{{France medium tanks}}

M50 (20 mm)

2020-11-05T17:27:20Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|md_450b_barougan}}
* {{Specs-Link|md_450b_ouragan}}
* {{Specs-Link|md_452_mystere_2a}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available shells ===
''Describe the shells that are available for the cannon and their features and purpose. If it concerns autocannons or machine guns, write about different ammo belts and what is inside (which types of shells).''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns, that have firepower equal to these type of weapons.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against the main opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

Relatively accurate even at longer range.

*

'''Cons:'''

Sparks more than shvak's, you really need HE belt.

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of this weapon. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

VL Pyörremyrsky

2020-09-03T19:42:34Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=pyorremyrsky
|store=7172
|cockpit=cockpit_pyorremyrsky.jpg
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Swedish fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
|646|| 620 ||{{Specs|ceiling}}||17,1|| 18,0 || 23,9 || 18,5 || 390
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
|646||620||{{Specs|ceiling}}|| 17,1 ||18,0||23,9|| 18,5 || 390
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| 790 || 360 || 460 || ~13 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 450 || > 715
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 5,800 m || 1,270 hp || 1,778 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


With this aircraft, you will need to strike hard and strike fast. You'll have to since the Pyörremyrsky only has one spar supporting each wing making it easy to rip them off or be blown off by cannon fire. Additionally, this aircraft doesn't have any protective glass in front of the pilot. Without the bulletproof glass, the pilot is extremely vulnerable when going into a head-on fight or when tailing a bomber trying to get a shot. Not only is the pilot put at risk when doing this, but also both the oil and liquid cooling system have a large chance of being destroyed since it does not have any protection.

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|MG 151/20 (20 mm)|LKk/42 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with the following offensive weapons:

* 1 x 20 mm MG 151/20 auto cannon (150 RPG)
* 2 x 12.7 mm LKk/42 machine guns (300 RPG = 600 total rounds)


== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="1" | Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! colspan="1" | Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
| Offensive 20 mm
| 50 kg
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 12 mm MGs
|
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
| New 20 mm cannons
| 100 kg
|-
! colspan="7" |This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good climb rate, can outclimb even the Bf 109 G-2 to common combat altitude
* Very effective armament, devastating German MG 151/20 and two LKk/42 (modified 50 cal)
* The two LKk/42's a '''very''' effective in pilot sniping.
* Good turn
* Decent flaps
* Barely any overheating

'''Cons:'''

* Not very fast
* Limited ammunition supply
* Wings can be shot easily (only one spar per wing)

== History ==


Pyörremyrsky, meaning ''hurricane'', ''tornado'' or ''whirlwind'' in Finnish (pyörre > vortex/whirl, myrsky > storm), was the name of a Finnish fighter design at the end of WWII. Designed by Torsti Rafael Verkkola (1909-1977), the chief designer of ''Valtion lentokonetehdas'' (VL or 'State Aircraft Factory') and the designer of the previous Myrsky fighter and the Pyry trainer, the Pyörremyrsky was conceived as a domestic equivalent to the Messerschmitt Bf 109G.

=== Design ===
Conceptually, the Pyörremyrsky was very similar to the Bf 109G: it was powered by the same Daimler Benz DB605 engine and had a similar armament, consisting of one hub-mounted 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon and two 12,7 mm hood-mounted machine guns. However, the design was optimized for domestic production, making maximum use of wooden sub-assemblies, and crucially, unlike the Bf 109, it used a wing-mounted landing gear with a wide ground track, giving the design better handling on the ground.

=== Testing ===
Design and construction of the Pyörremyrsky met significant delays, and while the original tender called for a prototype to be ready in May of 1944, it wasn't until November 21st 1945 that the prototype was ready and made its first flight.

The prototype was designated PM-1. PM being its intended type designation and 1 being its airframe number. The designation PM is an abbreviation of '''P'''yörre'''m'''yrsky.

Flight trials of the Pyörremyrsky revealed some minor issues, but other than that, the design was very promising. Performance of the Pyörremyrsky was very similar to that of the Bf 109G, but it had a superior climbing speed and proved to be very agile. One major worry, however, was the quality of the glue used to bind the wooden components.

=== Fate ===
The end of the War saw Finland's military subjected to severe restrictions under the Moscow Armistice, which also called for a reduction of its forces. This limited the air force to only 60 fighter aircraft. As a result, the Pyörremyrsky became surplus before it even reached production as Finland chose to retain the Messerschmitt Bf 109G as its primary fighter for economical reasons. The last of the Finnish Bf 109 G's bowed out of service on March 13th 1954. The sole completed prototype of the Pyörremyrsky was put into storage after its last flight on July 22nd 1947, and stricken from the Finnish Air Force's inventory on April 1st 1953. Fortunately the prototype was preserved: it is now displayed at the Aviation Museum of Central Finland in Tikkakoski.

=== Legacy ===
Fortunately the Pyörremyrsky legacy continued even after the prototype was grounded. In 1948, construction started on a replacement of the VL Pyry trainer. The new design reused the wing design of the Pyörremyrsky in combination with a new fuselage. This aircraft, which was constructed by the successor of VL, Valmet, was named Vihuri (Gale) and first flew on February 6th 1951. The Vihuri prototype was designated VH-1, VH being an abbreviation of '''V'''i'''h'''uri.

After successful tests the Finnish air force ordered 30 aircraft on the 27 of Februari 1951. These were collectively called Vihuri sarja (series) II and carried the numbers VH-2 to VH-31. Series II were entered service in 1953 and this prompted the Finnish air force to order yet another 20 aircraft by autumn 1954. These aircraft were collectively called Vihuri series III and carried the numbers VH-32 to VH-51. All of series III were handed over to the Finnish air force on 15 January 1957.

Unlike the Pyörremyrsky the Vihuri was entirely constructed from metal. As a trainer it was a sound design, however it suffered badly in the engine department. The Vihuri design used old Tampere (Bristol) Mercury engines which had been recuperated from scrapped Bristol Blenheim bombers. These engines were already worn out by the time they were installed on the trainers which lead to a lot of breakdowns. After a string of fatal accidents the design was placed under severe suspicion and in March of 1957 all the Vihuri's were grounded after an accident was caused by structural failure. A subsequent inquest showed this particular accident as well as most of the previous ones were caused by pilots violating the flight safety regulations, taking the aircraft beyond its structural limitations. The Vihuri was returned to service in May of 1957, but following two further fatal accidents in 1959 the type was permanently grounded and stricken from the Finnish Air Force's inventory, with 31 out of 32 surviving airframes being sold for scrap; ironically it was outlasted in service by the Pyry (withdrawing in 1962), the design it was supposed to replace as a trainer. The sole surviving complete Vihuri is now displayed next to the sole surviving Pyörremyrsky at the Tikkakoski air force museum.

== Media ==


;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 001.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 002.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 003.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 004.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 005.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 006.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Pyorremyrsky WTWallpaper 007.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ZPGPaceu1oI|'''Pyörremyrsky "One Hard Hitting Finn!"''' - ''Bo Time Gaming''|AKxlwtWIlSI|'''The Shooting Range #173''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:47 discusses the Pyörremyrsky.}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* Fiat [[G.55 (Family)|G.55]]
* Macchi [[C.205 (Family)|C.205]]
* Hawker [[Tempest (Family)|Tempest]]
* Martin-Baker [[MB.5]]
* Reggiane [[Re.2005 serie 0|Re.2005]]
* Supermarine [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]]
* Yakovlev [[Yak-9 (Family)|Yak-9]]

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/6448-development-py%C3%B6rremyrsky-the-nordic-whirlwind-en [Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> Pyörremyrsky: The Nordic Whirlwind]

{{AirManufacturer VL}}
{{Sweden fighters}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

BMP-1

2020-08-30T18:32:54Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */ added a pro

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_bmp_1}}
{{About
| about = Russian light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = German version
| link-1 = SPz BMP-1
| usage-2 = the next Russian version
| link-2 = BMP-2
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.71 "New E.R.A."]].

The {{PAGENAME}} is a shoot-and-scoot type of vehicle as an exposed {{PAGENAME}} is a dead {{PAGENAME}} - avoid being a target at all costs. Use your mobility to find reasonable sniping spots (for your ATGM) and only use your cannon if an enemy is close and unaware of your presence. Remember that if ''anything'' sees you, it can destroy you - even a .50 cal will make quick work of the {{PAGENAME}} from the sides or back.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The {{PAGENAME}} has very little to speak of in the armour department. Minimal frontal and nearly non-existent side armour results in the vehicle being vulnerable to almost any incoming fire. As such, the vehicle's survivability stems entirely from its mobility and reasonably small profile. Where possible, utilise hills or other cover, only exposing as much of the vehicle as is necessary to engage an unaware target.

Despite the lack of armour, however, the {{PAGENAME}} will, on occasion, survive hits unexpectedly - the internals of the vehicle are largely non-critical and many rounds will over-penetrate.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 7-12 mm (80°) ''Front glacis'' 19 mm (56°) ''Lower glacis'' || 16 mm (3-18°) ''Top'' 18 + 4 mm ''Bottom'' || 16 mm (12°) ''Top'' 12 mm (48°) ''Bottom'' 12 mm (8-51°) ''Doors'' || 6 mm 5 mm ''Engine exhausts''
|-
| Turret || 23 mm (0-53°) ''Turret front'' 33 + 26 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 13-23 mm (24-37°) || 13 mm (23-26°) || 6 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 7 mm || 7 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 10 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 6 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 465|rbMinHp= 265|}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s mobility is reasonably good, although somewhat lacking relative to other IFVs. Despite that, once it gets moving it can travel at a decent pace.

Be aware when attempting flanking maneuvers and early pushes that there are vehicles with better mobility characteristics, and in many cases you'll encounter a vehicle before reaching a desirable position.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|2A28 (73 mm)}}

The 2A28 main cannon, despite being the 'main' armament will more often than not act more as secondary armament, at least once the BMP-1P upgrade is researched, due to the 9M113 ATGM proving significantly more controllable and effective at all engagement ranges. Despite this, the PG-9 HEAT round proves valuable in a pinch, with well-placed shots able to disable critical components on most vehicles the {{PAGENAME}} will face. Keep in mind that the {{PAGENAME}} does not feature any sort of stabilisation at all, and due to its light weight the gun is near impossible to get on target at speed.

The main cannon's primary drawback is its mediocre ballistic performance, with the HEAT round travelling at only 665 m/s and the HE round travelling at an abysmal 290 m/s.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A28 (73 mm)|73 mm 2A28]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 40 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+30° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 19.04 || 26.35 || 32.00 || 35.39 || 37.65 || rowspan="2" | 6.0 || rowspan="2" | 5.8 || rowspan="2" | 5.3 || rowspan="2" | 5.0
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.90 || 14.00 ||17.00 ||18.80 ||20.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| PG-9 || HEAT || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300 || 300
|-
| OG-9 || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| PG-9 || HEAT || 665 || 2.60 || N/A || 0.1 || 1,130 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OG-9 || HE || 290 || 3.70 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 735 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''40''' || 1 ''(+39)'' || No
|-
|}

The single ammunition rack consists of a shell barillet located around the turret basket.

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|9M14|9M113 Konkurs}}
'''9M14'''

The {{PAGENAME}} comes with a rail-mounted manually-guided ATGM as stock, initially aimed manually and with somewhat mediocre penetration and explosive mass values. While occasionally useful, generally the main gun is easier and more reliable to use.

4 x 9M14 ATGM

* Guidance type: MCLOS
* Firing range: 3 km

'''9M113'''

Once the BMP-1P upgrade is researched, the rail-mounted 9M14 ATGM is replaced with a spindle-mounted 9M113 ATGM. This ATGM is significantly more powerful and easier to use due to its semi-automatic guiding system. Improved penetration values and significantly increased explosive mass will result in far more reliable destructive power. Keep in mind that the ATGM can only be fired when stopped or at extremely low speeds.

4 x 9M113 ATGM (BMP-1P)

* Guidance type: SACLOS
* Firing range: 3 km

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[9M14|9M14 ATGM]] / [[9M113 Konkurs|9M113 ATGM]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 4 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+10° || rowspan="2" | -15°/+37° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 19.04 || 26.35 || 32.00 || 35.39 || 37.65 || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A || rowspan="2" | N/A
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.90 || 14.00 ||17.00 ||18.80 ||20.00
|-
|}

Note: The vertical and horizontal traverse depend on the turret position and are only relevant to the 9M113 ATGM.

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 9M14 || ATGM || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400 || 400
|-
| 9M113 || ATGM || 600 || 600 || 600 || 600 || 600 || 600
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 9M14 || ATGM || 120 || 10.90 || N/A || 0.1 || 2,600 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
| 9M113 || ATGM || 205 || 14.50 || N/A || 0.1 || 2,750 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''4''' || 3 ''(+1)'' || 1 ''(+3)'' || No
|-
|}

The missiles are listed from M1 to M4. M2 is the 1st rack. M3-M4 constitutes the 2nd rack.

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} comes equipped with a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. This is only useful for clearing small obstacles or exposed crew in open-top vehicles.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (1,000) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

The {{PAGENAME}} is quite distinctive due to its oddly-shaped hull. The vehicle is crewed by only three (no commander), but is very spacious, so shots from the side occasionally cause minimal or even no damage. However, with only 23 mm AT MOST protecting the tank, it's a safe bet that hull breaks will be plentiful, especially when facing enemies equipped with APFSDS or HEAT. The {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with a short-barreled 73 mm gun (an odd calibre) firing exclusively anti-tank grenades. The projectile drop is extreme, albeit not the worst in-game, and it can be used to great effect against many of the vehicles the BMP will face due to the consistent 300mm of penetration at range. The standard PG-9 ammunition has an explosive mass of about 1.25 kg. The trade-off, in this case, is the low velocity and relatively poor slope characteristics (the penetration drop in half if more than 60 degrees of slope). Finally, as standard, the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with the 9M14 ATGM, capable of penetrating 400mm and carrying an explosive mass of 2.6 kg. It is WASD guided, and therefore somewhat tricky to use at first (and ''especially'' difficult to use in high packet-loss or high ping matches). An optional modification for the {{PAGENAME}} allows it to use turret-mounted smoke grenades as well as a next-generation missile, the 9M113. The {{PAGENAME}} (as of 1.77.2.149) is the earliest vehicle in-game to be able to use a SACLOS (mouse-guided) system for an ATGM. Not only is the missile nearly twice as fast as the 9M14, but it carries a notably larger explosive payload, and can penetrate up to 600 mm at 90 degrees at any range. As of 1.91, the {{PAGENAME}} can research NVD, which can help during night battles to help with visibility. NVD is available in commander, gunner, driver and outside viewports. Once purchased, the NVD modification also allows the use of a Infrared Spotlight to help illuminate targets if they are hard to see. However, it is mounted to the hull, and as such will require the hull to be rotated to illuminate anything.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Mobility
!Protection
! colspan="3" |Firepower
|-
|I
|Tracks
|
|Parts
|Horizontal Drive
|
|
|-
|II
|Suspension
|Brake System
|FPE
|Adjustment of Fire
|Airstrike
|
|-
|III
|Filters
|
|Crew Replenishment
|Elevation Mechanism
|BMP-1P
|
|-
|IV
|Transmission
|Engine
|ESS
|Artillery Support
|Improved optics
|NVD
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Fairly mobile, both weapon systems are particularly effective against the lightly armoured vehicles it will encounter often such as the [[Leopard I]], [[OF-40]], etc
* One of the earliest ATGM vehicles available and the earliest to receive mouse-guided (SACLOS) ATGMs (with the BMP-1P modification)
* Decent main gun HEAT round penetrating up to 300mm of armour at any range, effective against last-gen heavy tanks like the [[Conqueror]], [[M103]], etc
* Amphibious ability which can allow it to reach positions that other vehicles struggle to
* Functional even in uptiers, due to its piercing ATGM and HEAT
* All ammunition types are default and as such have no cost
* Night Vision allows effectiveness in night battles
* Very good in flanking the enemy team, especially in 38th Parallel

'''Cons:'''

* Mediocre reverse speed, particularly for a light tank
* Default missiles are manually guided, upgraded missiles must be unlocked with the BMP-1P research
* Vulnerable to hull breaks, particularly from HEAT-FS rounds
* Chemical ammunition only, may struggle to damage vehicles with ERA like the [[M60A1 RISE (P)]]
* All available ammunition is hyper-sensitive and will detonate on hitting light obstacles such as fences or bushes
* Somewhat large silhouette for a light tank. Will get seen and shot at easier
* Minimal gun depression makes it struggle in hills
* Has no stabiliser, accurate shots on the move or in water are often not possible
* Only three crew members, two of whom sit extremely close together, reducing the vehicle's survivability
* Vulnerable to heavy machine gun and light cannon fire, particularly from the sides or top. SPAA like the [[Gepard]] are a big threat
* Very vulnerable to aircraft and helicopters
* Bombs and artillery can deal significant damage, even when at a distance
* Infrared Spotlight mounted to hull, won't rotate with turret when NVD is on

== History ==


'''Development'''

In the 1950’s, Soviet armored personnel carrier (APC) tactics consisted of lightly armored vehicles that would transport soldiers to combat zones, and then head back behind the lines to safety. During this time, the West German Bundeswehr was using the Schützenpanzer Lang and infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) tactics, where the vehicles would work with the infantry and tanks in order to support them, especially against lightly armored targets. The BMP was a Soviet IFV design created in the late 1950’s. Some of the requirements were the ability for all of the infantry carried to be able to fire from within the vehicle, which was unseen before in IFV designs. It was intended to support the infantry and combat enemy light vehicles. The design placed emphasis on speed and maneuverability, potent armament, and sufficient armament to protect against 23 mm autocannons over the frontal arc. There was a debate over how the vehicle should be wheeled or tracked, and a number of options were explored including hybrid designs with both. The design that was chosen was a tracked vehicle with the engine in the front and the crew compartment in the rear; it was designated the Object 764. A prototype was created in 1964, and the final design was chosen in 1965 - an improved model called the Object 765. In service the production model was called the BMP-1.

'''Design'''

The BMP-1 features a fully tracked hull, with a sharply angled glacis at the front, a centrally mounted turret, and a crew compartment in the rear of the hull, with doors for the infantry to mount and dismount the vehicle. The hull layout is as follows: the engine was in the front right section of the hull. The driver sat to the front left of the vehicle, the commander sat right behind the driver, and the gunner sat in the right side of the turret. The troop compartment located at the rear of the vehicle could seat 8 infantry soldiers. The ability to fire from inside the vehicle was provided by four firing ports on each side of the hull and one in the left door. There are also four hatches in the roof. The infantry sit on two benches with padding, back to back, facing the outer sides of the vehicle. The armor of the frontal arc is enough to generally protect against 20 mm autocannon fire, the side armor generally protects against 12.7 mm machine gun fire, and the roof and rear armor protects against small arms fire and shell fragments. In addition, the sloped glacis on the front of the hull also increased the chances of shells bouncing, because of the extreme angles. The protection level depended somewhat on the version of the BMP-1 in question, as different nations had differing levels of armor quality. The main armament consisted of a 73 mm 2A28 Grom smoothbore semi-automatic cannon, along with a 9M14 Malyutka anti-tank guided missile (ATGM). Secondary armament consisted of a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun. The engine provides 300 hp, and is a six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine. The suspension system used was a torsion bar suspension system. The BMP-1 is fully amphibious with little preparation. Before entering the water a trim vane has to be raised, which provides additional frontal armor when in the lowered position. It can achieve 65 kph (40 mph) on road and 8 kph (5 mph) in water.

'''Production and Service'''

Over 20,000 BMP-1's were produced in the Soviet Union alone, with many more produced in China and Czechoslovakia. The BMP-1 was widely exported and saw significant combat worldwide. BMP-1's participated in the Yom Kippur War, the Angolan Civil War, the Iran-Iraq War, the Gulf War, and many other conflicts. It was well liked for its maneuverability, but it was found that the cannon lacked effective range and the 9M14 ATGM's were hard to control. During the Gulf War it was found that the 25 mm Bushmaster cannon found on the M2/M3 Bradley could consistently penetrate the frontal armor of the BMP-1, even at range.

'''BMP-1P Upgrade'''

The BMP-1P was an upgrade to the ATGM systems of the BMP-1. It replaced the 9M14 Malyutka missiles with 9M113 Konkurs or 9M111 missile. This increased the weight of the vehicle, leading to a slight decrease in maneuverability.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=ussr&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=ussr_bmp_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|SKeFUWKudoY|'''The Shooting Range #63''' - ''War Machines'' section at 04:49 discusses the BMP-1.|SJoW-2_6J6o|'''Amphibious tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:15 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|2h5kFyznXKU|'''Best IFVs''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:29 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Same vehicle serving in other nations

* [[SPz BMP-1]]
* [[ZBD86]]

;Similar Soviet vehicles

* [[BMP-2]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4909-development-bmp-1-master-of-adaptation-en|[Devblog] BMP-1 - “Master of Adaptation”]]
* [[wikipedia:BMP-1|Wikipedia - BMP-1]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/USSR/soviet_BMP-1.php Tanks Encyclopedia - Soviet BMP-1 IFV]

{{USSR light tanks}}

[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

Yak-9T

2020-08-27T20:01:05Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */ added a pro

{{Specs-Card|code=yak-9t}}
{{About
| about = Russian fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the French version
| link-1 = Challe's Yak-9T (France)
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Yak-9 (Family)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Russian fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===


Like other Yak fighters, the {{PAGENAME}} has excellent low altitude performance but has abysmal high altitude performance due to the lack of turbo or superchargers incorporated with the engine. When it comes to manoeuvring, the {{PAGENAME}} has a strong rudder allowing for wingovers, hammerheads or other manoeuvers which utilise a rudder kick. The rudder used in combination with the aircraft turning decreases the turning radius allowing it into a tighter spiral, typically creating an advantage during small dogfights and skirmishes. The turn rate on the Yak 9T is far superior to the majority of aircraft in its BR making t suitable for vertical turn fighting. While the {{PAGENAME}} has an average climb rate for fighters at its battle rating, it may struggle to reach bomber altitude, but will still be an easy target for enemy fighters patrolling the upper elevations. Energy retention for the {{PAGENAME}} is decent, though caution is necessary around enemy fighters such as the German Fw 190 which has a more significant energy retention advantage.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 577 || 560 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.8 || 19.5 || 13.7 || 13.6 || 366
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 610 || 593 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.2 || 18.0 || 18.5 || 16 || 366
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps
! Take-off flaps
! Landing flaps
! Air brakes
! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! +
! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 410 || ~12 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 380 || < 420 || < 490 || > 340
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 700 m || 1,260 hp || N/A
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 2,900 m || 1,175 hp || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


Comparable to other contemporary fighters, the {{PAGENAME}} has proper protection due to the placement of armour protection and bulletproof glass. While the armour protection serves mostly to protect the pilot, the way the aircraft systems are situated, the vulnerable areas are decently protected. Since the {{PAGENAME}} has excellent pilot protection, it is unlikely that a pilot snipe should occur. Due to strengthened structure and centralizing of the critical components, it is a real possibility for a skilled pilot to clip an enemies plane with a wingtip and remain unscathed, either slicing the enemy's wing or disabling a propeller. Though the {{PAGENAME}} does have fuel tanks located in the wings, they are self-sealing; however, that does not preclude them from catching on fire.

* 64 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front
* 64 mm Bulletproof glass pilot's headrest
* 8 mm Steel plate in the pilot's seat

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|NS-37 (37 mm)|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm NS-37 cannon, nose-mounted (30 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (200 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpit_Yak-9.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Yak-9T's instrument panel.]]
The Yakovlev 9T or Yak-9T as it is most popularly referred to in-game, being the most popular of the Yak-9 variants, is best played differently depending on the situation the pilot finds themselves in.

To begin, don't set any gun convergence. Since this aircraft only has 2 guns, a 37 mm in the middle of the engine and a 12.7mm Berezin UB to the side of it (though not enough to the side to need convergence). If you set convergence, it will actually tilt the 37mm to one side and throw off your aim.

After this, take off and make sure that you take off and '''immediately''' climb. A twenty-degree angle may be too much to handle depending on the upgrades purchased on the aircraft, so a fifteen-degree climb is recommended. With it, the pilot keeps much-needed speed and agility. Altitude advantage over your opponent is '''always''' preferred, and most pilots of the rank that the Yak-9T fights do not choose to climb over 2,000 m (6,561 ft). A good altitude to climb to is 3,000 m (9,842 ft). In this way, altitude advantage is achieved. Be advised this will not '''always''' be the case and some enemies will climb above you. If this happens, try to make them bleed energy until they are slower than you and turn fight them.

At high altitude, the Yak-9T is best suited to energy fighting, which means using the Yak's good energy retention to zoom at an opponent, shoot at them, and then climb up and turn back to your opponent and give chase. The Yak at mid to low altitude is best suited to turn-fighting against all nations except for the Japanese. If facing the Japanese, use the same energy fight tactics as stated above, as Japanese planes will be '''unable''' to give chase due to the low energy retention of their lightweight aircraft. The Yak-9T comes equipped with '''flaps''', it is critical you use them, as performance is greatly increased in a turn-fight with them extended.

The Yak-9T and all Yak's suffer from a constant engine overheat, properly watching this temperature is critical because if let go too long, the engine will die and the Yak falls fast. Keep eyes on temp at all times. The best advice is to keep the throttle at 90% or lower when not in combat. The Yak-9T is best suited to colder maps if on a hot map, gain altitude and cruise at 85-90% throttle.

The Yak-9T is also famed for its ability to crack open tanks with its cannon - in air battles, it can penetrate even heavy tanks from the back. If you are going to attempt this, load Ground Targets belts (if you only have default belts, half the shells aren't armour-piercing and won't be able to penetrate tanks), look for some tanks and start shooting them, though you must shoot from behind with heavy and medium tanks. Try to avoid convoys going down roads, as those usually have AA vehicles and the longer you loiter over then the higher chance of being hit, developing oil and/or water leaks, and having to return to base. Ammo conservation is the name of the game here, as you only have 30 rounds for the cannon. If you want to only fire your machine gun, the key is "1" by default, and for the cannon it's "2". If you are attacking soft targets the machine gun (loaded with Ground Targets ammunition) may be better and less of a waste of ammo, roughly a dozen shots can be enough. Likewise, your machine gun is useless for attacking medium and heavy tanks, so only fire the cannon when you attack those.

In Ground RB, the Yak is also quite feared, being able to penetrate most if not all tanks at its BR, providing you aim for behind. Your small size combined with your relatively high speed makes you difficult to shoot down for AA vehicles, and your pilot does have bulletproof glass around and some armour plating behind the pilot, making pilot snipes unlikely.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="1" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 12 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 12 mm MGs
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| Offensive 37 mm
|-
| IV
|
|
| Cover
| New 37 mm cannons
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 37 mm has a reasonably high rate of fire for its calibre
* The 37 mm is powerful, good for disabling or destroying bombers
* The 37 mm is also very good in Ground RB in disabling vehicles
* Berezin UB is hard-hitting
* Decent manoeuvrability
* Cannon can knock out medium tanks with several hits in the side or rear
* Good energy retention
* Outperforms most contemporary fighters at lower altitudes (under 4,000 m)

'''Cons:'''

* Once the 37 mm runs out of ammo you have a single .50 cal machine gun
* 37 mm has high recoil
* 37 mm is fairly inaccurate even in short bursts
* Lousy high-altitude performance
* Not very fast
* Low rip speed

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

=== In-game description ===
The Yak-9 was a Soviet single-engine fighter of the WWII era. It was the first combat aircraft designed by Alexander Yakovlev's construction bureau. The most mass-produced Soviet fighter of the war, it remained in production from October 1942 to December 1948, with a total of 16,769 built.

The Yak-9 was a further modification of the Yak-1 and Yak-7. In its core design, it was a redesign of the Yak-7. With few external differences, Yak-9 was at the same time much more advanced internally. This is not unexpected, as almost two years of design and combat experience of the Yak series went into the Yak-9. Also, at the time aluminium was in much greater supply than it had been two years previously at the start of the war. Amongst other things, the use of metal allowed the plane's weight to be significantly reduced, meaning that more fuel could be stored and that the aircraft could be equipped with more powerful armament and more specialized equipment.

The Yak-9T variant, for instance, had an incredibly powerful 37 mm NS-37 cannon firing through the propeller hub. Due to the length of the gun barrel, the pilot's seat had to be moved 40 cm aft, and the airframe was strengthened. The variant carried 30 to 32 cannon shells, as well as 200-220 rounds for the synchronized UB machine gun. Salvo weight for the variant was a whopping 3.74 kg (8.24 lbs). The 37 mm gun allowed for fire at increased ranges, up to 1,200 yards against bomber formations, and 500-600 yards against single non-manoeuvring bombers. The Yak-9T was also successful against ground targets. Armour-piercing shells, fired from 500 yards at an angle of 45 degrees, could penetrate 30mm of armour. In late 1943, the Yak-9T was used in an anti-shipping role in the Black Sea. A total of 2,748 Yak-9s were built between March 1943 and June 1945.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Yakovlev}}
{{USSR fighters}}

Article template for aviation

2020-05-26T20:24:52Z

U25350683: /* General info */

== Description ==

''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.''

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| ___ || ___ || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | ___
|-
! Upgraded
| ___ || ___ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| __ || __ || __ || __ || __ || __ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || ___ || ___ || ___ || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.''

=== Suspended armament ===

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Defensive armament ===

''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===

''To fill this in, go to the vehicle, press modifications and insert everything that is listed into this table. ''
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| II
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| III
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| IV
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
====Premium table only: If premium this is to be used, other table to be removed====
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| II
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| III
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| IV
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="6" | This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

[[Category:Design templates]]

F-104G China

2020-05-26T20:23:28Z

U25350683: /* Description */ page creation finished

== Description==

''In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.''

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''
{| class="wikitable" width="70%" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Characteristics
! colspan="2" |Max Speed
(km/h at _,___ m)
! rowspan="2" |Max altitude
(metres)
! colspan="2" |Turn time
(seconds)
! colspan="2" |Rate of climb
(metres/second)
! rowspan="2" |Take-off run
(metres)
|-
!AB!!RB!!AB!!RB!!AB!!RB
|-
!Stock
|___||___|| rowspan="2" |{{Specs|ceiling}}||__._||__._||__._||__._|| rowspan="2" |___
|-
!Upgraded
|___||___||__._||__._||__._||__._
|-
|}
==== Details====
{| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" |Features
|-
!Combat flaps!!Take-off flaps!!Landing flaps!!Air brakes!!Arrestor gear!!Drogue chute
|-
|__||__||__||__||__||__ 
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" width="50%" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" |Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" |Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" |Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" |Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" |Max Static G
|-
!Combat!!Take-off!!Landing!!+!!-
|-
|{{Specs|destruction|body}}||{{Specs|destruction|gear}}||___||___||___||~__||~__
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" |Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
!Ailerons!!Rudder!!Elevators!!Radiator
|-
|< ___||< ___||< ___||> ___
|-
|}
=== Survivability and armour===

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments==
=== Offensive armament===

''Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.''

=== Suspended armament===

''Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Defensive armament===

''Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.''

== Usage in battles==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules===

''To fill this in, go to the vehicle, press modifications and insert everything that is listed into this table. ''
{| class="wikitable"
!Tier
! colspan="2" |Flight performance
!Survivability
! colspan="2" |Weaponry
|-
|I
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|II
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|III
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|IV
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
=== Pros and cons===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

== History==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

*''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
*''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

*''topic on the official game forum;''
*''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
*''other literature.''

F-104G China

2020-05-26T20:22:13Z

U25350683:

F-104G China

2020-05-26T20:18:26Z

U25350683:

Description
In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.

General info
Flight performance
Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.

Characteristics Max Speed
(km/h at _,___ m) Max altitude
(metres) Turn time
(seconds) Rate of climb
(metres/second) Take-off run
(metres)
AB RB AB RB AB RB
Stock ___ ___ __._ __._ __._ __._ ___
Upgraded ___ ___ __._ __._ __._ __._
Details
Features
Combat flaps Take-off flaps Landing flaps Air brakes Arrestor gear Drogue chute
__ __ __ __ __ __
Limits
Wings (km/h) Gear (km/h) Flaps (km/h) Max Static G
Combat Take-off Landing + -
___ ___ ___ ~__ ~__
Optimal velocities (km/h)
Ailerons Rudder Elevators Radiator
< ___ < ___ < ___ > ___
Survivability and armour
Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.

Armaments
Offensive armament
Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.

Suspended armament
Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.

Defensive armament
Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.

Usage in battles
Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).

Modules
To fill this in, go to the vehicle, press modifications and insert everything that is listed into this table.

Tier Flight performance Survivability Weaponry
I
II
III
IV
Premium table only: If premium this is to be used, other table to be removed
Tier Flight performance Survivability Weaponry
I
II
III
IV
This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
Pros and cons
Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".

Pros:

Cons:

History
Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History) and add a link to it here using the main template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <ref />, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <references />. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under === In-game description ===, also if applicable).

Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.

See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

reference to the series of the aircraft;
links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:

topic on the official game forum;
encyclopedia page on the aircraft;
other literature.

F-104G China

2020-05-26T20:17:06Z

U25350683: Created page with "Description In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second par..."

Description
In the description, the first part should be about the history of and the creation and combat usage of the aircraft, as well as its key features. In the second part, tell the reader about the aircraft in the game. Insert a screenshot of the vehicle, so that if the novice player does not remember the vehicle by name, he will immediately understand what kind of vehicle the article is talking about.

General info
Flight performance
Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.

Characteristics Max Speed
(km/h at _,___ m) Max altitude
(metres) Turn time
(seconds) Rate of climb
(metres/second) Take-off run
(metres)
AB RB AB RB AB RB
Stock ___ ___ __._ __._ __._ __._ ___
Upgraded ___ ___ __._ __._ __._ __._
Details
Features
Combat flaps Take-off flaps Landing flaps Air brakes Arrestor gear Drogue chute
__ __ __ __ __ __
Limits
Wings (km/h) Gear (km/h) Flaps (km/h) Max Static G
Combat Take-off Landing + -
___ ___ ___ ~__ ~__
Optimal velocities (km/h)
Ailerons Rudder Elevators Radiator
< ___ < ___ < ___ > ___
Survivability and armour
Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.

Armaments
Offensive armament
Describe the offensive armament of the aircraft, if any. Describe how effective the cannons and machine guns are in a battle, and also what belts or drums are better to use. If there is no offensive weaponry, delete this subsection.

Suspended armament
Describe the aircraft's suspended armament: additional cannons under the wings, bombs, rockets and torpedoes. This section is especially important for bombers and attackers. If there is no suspended weaponry remove this subsection.

Defensive armament
Defensive armament with turret machine guns or cannons, crewed by gunners. Examine the number of gunners and what belts or drums are better to use. If defensive weaponry is not available, remove this subsection.

Usage in battles
Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).

Modules
To fill this in, go to the vehicle, press modifications and insert everything that is listed into this table.

Tier Flight performance Survivability Weaponry
I
II
III
IV
Premium table only: If premium this is to be used, other table to be removed
Tier Flight performance Survivability Weaponry
I
II
III
IV
This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
Pros and cons
Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".

Pros:

Cons:

History
Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History) and add a link to it here using the main template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <ref></ref>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <references />. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under === In-game description ===, also if applicable).

Media
Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.

See also
Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:

reference to the series of the aircraft;
links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.
External links
Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:

topic on the official game forum;
encyclopedia page on the aircraft;
other literature.

M117 cone 45 (750 lb)

2020-05-26T20:15:14Z

U25350683: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */ test 2

{{DISPLAYTITLE:750 lb M117 cone 45 bomb}}
{{About
| about = American '''{{PAGENAME}}''' bomb
| usage = other versions
| link = M117 (Family)
}}

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''
[[File:M117 cone 45.png|left|thumb]]
{{Break}}

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|f-4c}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-4e}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-100a_china}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-100d}}
* {{Specs-Link|so_4050_vautour_2a}}
* {{Specs-Link|so_4050_vautour_2a_iaf}}
* {{Specs-Link|so_4050_vautour_2b}}
* {{Specs Link}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Bomb characteristics
|-
| '''Mass'''
| 362.42 kg
|-
| '''Explosive mass'''
| 175.1 kg
|-
| '''Explosive type'''
| Tritonal
|-
| '''TNT equivalent'''
| 206.62 kg
|-
| '''HE max penetration'''
| 110 mm
|-
| '''Armour destruction radius'''
| 9 m
|-
| '''Fragment dispersion radius'''
| 134 m
|-
|}

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of bomb (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of bombs that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilise this bomb in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

Early in aviation history, applications for aircraft to serve in a military capacity surfaced, not only with the intent to scout a battlefield from an aerial vantage point but for the possibility to drop explosive bombs too. Due to the frail nature of the early wood-frame and cloth covered aircraft, lifting capacity resulted in the ability to only carry small bombs. Effectively these early bombers were hailed as aerial artillery fire which could reach targets hundreds of miles further than the most powerful land-based cannons of the time. Prior to the war, contests abounded where pilots would drop oranges or flour sacks upon predesignated targets to see who could hit closes to the centre.

Italian aviators were the first to use bombs in a warfare capacity in 1912 during their campaign of Tripoli. These first bombs were conversions of existing cannon ammunition and were effective only against personnel as they did not provide a strong enough provision to damage hardened equipment or structures. As lifting capacity of aircraft increased, so did the ability for them to carry more and larger explosives.

For the United States, bomb design did not become a priority until the middle of 1917 when a French official came to the U.S. with several samples of the Gros Andreau bombs which the French were using in large quantities at that time. Immediately these bombs were accepted by the U.S. and used as a standard in developing the first three sizes to be implemented in the military. These three bombs were known as the early "Mark" series, 25 lb Mk.I demolition bomb, 50 lb Mk.I demolition bomb and the 100 lb Mk.I demolition bomb. By December 1917, only six months later, the military put forth requirements for the development of bombs larger than the existing 100 lb bomb. After two more months of development, production of demolition bombs up to 1,000 lbs was started. Rejected 3-inch artillery rounds were the basis for early 25 lb bombs which were modified into a streamlined shape, very similar to the British Cooper bombs of the time. Larger bombs were manufactured and filled with explosive filler, all of which were placed into a streamlined body, of which a cylindrical shape was the most advantageous.

Early on, the Mark series of bombs proved to be largely unsatisfactory in a number of different areas. The bomb body itself was weak due to the sheet metal it was made from and the number of welds needed to join the pieces together. The stabilizing fins were made of flimsy metal which tended to distort during both the handling and flight of the bomb, adversely affecting accuracy. For the field technicians, inserting the fuze was a complicated process which required removing the stabilizing fin structure potentially damaging the fins. The fuzes tended to have a high fail rate and due to their design, they would instantly arm after release from the aircraft posing a direct to the delivery aircraft. Later modifications would eliminate many of the negative factors to include adding a nose fuze, time delaying arming of the fuze, strengthening of the stabilizing fins and adding primer detonators to ensure proper explosive train sequences. Other changes including streamlining all bomb bodies and utilising 100% T.N.T. as an explosive filler resulted in the newer "Modified Mark" series of Army bombs.

Prior to World War II, the military determined that the Modified Mark series of bombs were obsolete requiring newer and up-to-date bombs to be developed. Both the U.S. Army and Navy began development of their own series of bombs, the Army with the "M" series and the Navy with their "Mk" series. Both similar, these bombs were designed with parallel sides, an ogival nose and a boat tail which is a box type-tail reinforced to prevent warping and aid with accurate drops. Due to the shortage of T.N.T., the Army filled their bombs with 50/50 Amatol with T.N.T. ends to seal in the Amatol and protect it from moisture. The Navy, on the other hand, continued to manufacture their bombs with 100% T.N.T.

With the approach of World War II, the U.S. Army (including the Army Air Corps) and the Navy standardized their series of bombs allowing for interchanging between services, consolidating manufacturing capabilities and allowing for modifications which enabled British service aircraft to mount these bombs too. Even after the standardization of bombs in 1941, the standardization process went through a few phases of further refinement, the first of which changed all high-explosive bombs to be termed general purpose (G.P.) or general purpose high-explosive (G.P.H.E). Later the designation of demolition bomb would come back for a few specific bombs.

When bombs are dropped, there is always a chance that something in the explosive train of the bomb will fail and it will not explode. Early AN style bombs were defuzable in the event they did not explode on contact, meaning that any unexploded AN bomb could have the fuzes and boosters removed without the bomb exploding, rendering it inert. To counter this and allow for the potential "dud" bomb to explode when tampered with, the AN G.P.H.E. series bombs with the modification "A1" annotated that these bombs now had special pins mounted in the bomb's baseplate which fuzed with the explosive filler making it impossible to remove the booster without causing the bomb to detonate. Other modifications later added would include minor changes to the bomb body or the type of explosive filling used. During this time a second option for bomb tails was added, the box-type tail was already the mainstay of the bombs, however, to create a more aerodynamic bomb a conical tail assembly was added. This stretched out low profile tail improved the aerodynamics of the carrying aircraft, allowing it to carry more ordnance.

Progressing towards the Korean and Vietnam wars, piston-driven aircraft were giving way to jet fighters, bombers and attackers, many of which carried their ordnance on external pylons hung under the wing or underbelly. The new Mk 80 series bombs (Mk 81, 82, 83 and 84) were developed to keep external hung ordnance from creating too much drag on the delivery aircraft. Initially, the Mk 81 250 lb bombs were considered ineffective for their size or required a large amount to be effective and were removed from the munitions inventory. All-weather fighters and attackers were now being outfitted with the Mk series bombs and a new problem developed when it came to low-altitude attacks (typically coming in under low cloud cover) where the aircraft would deploy its ordinance which would hit the ground and explode catching the delivery aircraft in either the explosive blast or the shock-wave from the blast.

Modifications were developed to slow down or retard the flight of bombs, allowing for the delivery aircraft to depart out of the blast zone before they hit and detonated. Several options became available which allowed these bombs to remain aerodynamic low-drag while en-route to the target, but when deployed converted to high-drag, slower falling bombs. One option was to attach four bladed plates to the rear of the bomb so that when the bomb deployed, these plates would pop out and create high-drag to slow the fall. Another option was to use a ballute which was basically an airbag which deployed from the rear of the bomb that acted like a drogue chute, effectively causing high-drag. Later during the fighting in Iraq, the US military brought back the 250 lb Mk 81 bombs due to their ability to be used when deploying against a specific target and to help minimize collateral damage.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[US Bombs General Information]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Bombs}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

M117 cone 45 (750 lb)

2020-05-26T20:13:33Z

U25350683: /* Vehicles equipped with this weapon */ test

{{DISPLAYTITLE:750 lb M117 cone 45 bomb}}
{{About
| about = American '''{{PAGENAME}}''' bomb
| usage = other versions
| link = M117 (Family)
}}

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''
[[File:M117 cone 45.png|left|thumb]]
{{Break}}

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|f-4c}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-4e}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-100a_china}}
* {{Specs-Link|f-100d}}
* {{Specs-Link|so_4050_vautour_2a}}
* {{Specs-Link|so_4050_vautour_2a_iaf}}
* {{Specs-Link|so_4050_vautour_2b}}
* {{S}}

== General info ==


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Bomb characteristics
|-
| '''Mass'''
| 362.42 kg
|-
| '''Explosive mass'''
| 175.1 kg
|-
| '''Explosive type'''
| Tritonal
|-
| '''TNT equivalent'''
| 206.62 kg
|-
| '''HE max penetration'''
| 110 mm
|-
| '''Armour destruction radius'''
| 9 m
|-
| '''Fragment dispersion radius'''
| 134 m
|-
|}

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of bomb (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of bombs that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilise this bomb in-game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

Early in aviation history, applications for aircraft to serve in a military capacity surfaced, not only with the intent to scout a battlefield from an aerial vantage point but for the possibility to drop explosive bombs too. Due to the frail nature of the early wood-frame and cloth covered aircraft, lifting capacity resulted in the ability to only carry small bombs. Effectively these early bombers were hailed as aerial artillery fire which could reach targets hundreds of miles further than the most powerful land-based cannons of the time. Prior to the war, contests abounded where pilots would drop oranges or flour sacks upon predesignated targets to see who could hit closes to the centre.

Italian aviators were the first to use bombs in a warfare capacity in 1912 during their campaign of Tripoli. These first bombs were conversions of existing cannon ammunition and were effective only against personnel as they did not provide a strong enough provision to damage hardened equipment or structures. As lifting capacity of aircraft increased, so did the ability for them to carry more and larger explosives.

For the United States, bomb design did not become a priority until the middle of 1917 when a French official came to the U.S. with several samples of the Gros Andreau bombs which the French were using in large quantities at that time. Immediately these bombs were accepted by the U.S. and used as a standard in developing the first three sizes to be implemented in the military. These three bombs were known as the early "Mark" series, 25 lb Mk.I demolition bomb, 50 lb Mk.I demolition bomb and the 100 lb Mk.I demolition bomb. By December 1917, only six months later, the military put forth requirements for the development of bombs larger than the existing 100 lb bomb. After two more months of development, production of demolition bombs up to 1,000 lbs was started. Rejected 3-inch artillery rounds were the basis for early 25 lb bombs which were modified into a streamlined shape, very similar to the British Cooper bombs of the time. Larger bombs were manufactured and filled with explosive filler, all of which were placed into a streamlined body, of which a cylindrical shape was the most advantageous.

Early on, the Mark series of bombs proved to be largely unsatisfactory in a number of different areas. The bomb body itself was weak due to the sheet metal it was made from and the number of welds needed to join the pieces together. The stabilizing fins were made of flimsy metal which tended to distort during both the handling and flight of the bomb, adversely affecting accuracy. For the field technicians, inserting the fuze was a complicated process which required removing the stabilizing fin structure potentially damaging the fins. The fuzes tended to have a high fail rate and due to their design, they would instantly arm after release from the aircraft posing a direct to the delivery aircraft. Later modifications would eliminate many of the negative factors to include adding a nose fuze, time delaying arming of the fuze, strengthening of the stabilizing fins and adding primer detonators to ensure proper explosive train sequences. Other changes including streamlining all bomb bodies and utilising 100% T.N.T. as an explosive filler resulted in the newer "Modified Mark" series of Army bombs.

Prior to World War II, the military determined that the Modified Mark series of bombs were obsolete requiring newer and up-to-date bombs to be developed. Both the U.S. Army and Navy began development of their own series of bombs, the Army with the "M" series and the Navy with their "Mk" series. Both similar, these bombs were designed with parallel sides, an ogival nose and a boat tail which is a box type-tail reinforced to prevent warping and aid with accurate drops. Due to the shortage of T.N.T., the Army filled their bombs with 50/50 Amatol with T.N.T. ends to seal in the Amatol and protect it from moisture. The Navy, on the other hand, continued to manufacture their bombs with 100% T.N.T.

With the approach of World War II, the U.S. Army (including the Army Air Corps) and the Navy standardized their series of bombs allowing for interchanging between services, consolidating manufacturing capabilities and allowing for modifications which enabled British service aircraft to mount these bombs too. Even after the standardization of bombs in 1941, the standardization process went through a few phases of further refinement, the first of which changed all high-explosive bombs to be termed general purpose (G.P.) or general purpose high-explosive (G.P.H.E). Later the designation of demolition bomb would come back for a few specific bombs.

When bombs are dropped, there is always a chance that something in the explosive train of the bomb will fail and it will not explode. Early AN style bombs were defuzable in the event they did not explode on contact, meaning that any unexploded AN bomb could have the fuzes and boosters removed without the bomb exploding, rendering it inert. To counter this and allow for the potential "dud" bomb to explode when tampered with, the AN G.P.H.E. series bombs with the modification "A1" annotated that these bombs now had special pins mounted in the bomb's baseplate which fuzed with the explosive filler making it impossible to remove the booster without causing the bomb to detonate. Other modifications later added would include minor changes to the bomb body or the type of explosive filling used. During this time a second option for bomb tails was added, the box-type tail was already the mainstay of the bombs, however, to create a more aerodynamic bomb a conical tail assembly was added. This stretched out low profile tail improved the aerodynamics of the carrying aircraft, allowing it to carry more ordnance.

Progressing towards the Korean and Vietnam wars, piston-driven aircraft were giving way to jet fighters, bombers and attackers, many of which carried their ordnance on external pylons hung under the wing or underbelly. The new Mk 80 series bombs (Mk 81, 82, 83 and 84) were developed to keep external hung ordnance from creating too much drag on the delivery aircraft. Initially, the Mk 81 250 lb bombs were considered ineffective for their size or required a large amount to be effective and were removed from the munitions inventory. All-weather fighters and attackers were now being outfitted with the Mk series bombs and a new problem developed when it came to low-altitude attacks (typically coming in under low cloud cover) where the aircraft would deploy its ordinance which would hit the ground and explode catching the delivery aircraft in either the explosive blast or the shock-wave from the blast.

Modifications were developed to slow down or retard the flight of bombs, allowing for the delivery aircraft to depart out of the blast zone before they hit and detonated. Several options became available which allowed these bombs to remain aerodynamic low-drag while en-route to the target, but when deployed converted to high-drag, slower falling bombs. One option was to attach four bladed plates to the rear of the bomb so that when the bomb deployed, these plates would pop out and create high-drag to slow the fall. Another option was to use a ballute which was basically an airbag which deployed from the rear of the bomb that acted like a drogue chute, effectively causing high-drag. Later during the fighting in Iraq, the US military brought back the 250 lb Mk 81 bombs due to their ability to be used when deploying against a specific target and to help minimize collateral damage.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[US Bombs General Information]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Bombs}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

Emden

2020-05-11T18:29:47Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */ Added pros and cons and "Good and bad" section where I put the things that it shares with other 5.0 ships.

{{Specs-Card|code=germ_cruiser_emden_1944}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{Specs|rank}} German light cruiser {{Battle-rating|1}}. This ship was introduced in [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The {{PAGENAME}} had very good survivability and the perfect amount of guns coupled with decent reload times and fire power. Together, this means you can output a lot of damage in a short period of time against other ships. The armor on this ship is what makes it special, even though it may not appear to have the best armor, its 50 mm layer along with another highly sloped 40 mm solid armor layer behind it, makes it extremely difficult to sink the {{PAGENAME}}.

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the ship’s mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward speed and reverse speed.''

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>.''

''Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

=== Secondary armament ===
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armament and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section.''

''If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
''An important part of the ship’s armament responsible for air raid defense. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship’s anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets.''

''If there is no anti-aircraft artillery, remove this section.''

=== Torpedo armament ===

{{main|G7a}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following:

4 x 53 cm G7a torpedoes (warhead = 280 kg Hexanite)

These torpedoes are standard issue Kriegsmarine torpedoes which had good speed, endurance and good firing angle (minimum angle 16 degrees).

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don’t get try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* Can take many shots (except Graf Spee of course)
* Powerful guns
* Has the German turtleback armor layout, which is quite effective at containing damage.

'''Good and Bad:'''

* Average fire rate for your main guns at 5.0
* Average speed

*

'''Cons:'''

* You can face the Graf Spee which is likely to blow you up in one volley.
* Very small amount of shells for your secondary guns (10,5cm), so remember to put it so your guns will only shoot at air targets or you will run out of the 10,5cm shots fast.

*

== History ==

After losing in the First World War and signing the Treaty of Versailles, Germany faced severe restrictions in terms of its military power and the creation of new weapons. As a result, for example, Germany was forbidden from building new cruisers until the service life of those remaining after the war had reached 20 years. However, even in those cases, Germany was not allowed to go beyond strictly defined technical specs when designing a future ship. In 1921, construction of a new light cruiser began in the Wilhelmshaven naval shipyard. The ship was meant to replace the Niobe cruiser, which had been built way back in 1899. After several delays, the cruiser was launched in January 1925 and solemnly named "Emden." The ship inherited the name from a well-known World War I cruiser that had been sunk in the Indian Ocean.

Due to the country’s dire economical state, the tactical technical specifications of the new ship ended up being way below those that Germany was allowed to implement in the project. In essence, Emden was obsolete from the construction stage. However, this light cruiser ended up becoming the most upgradable ship of the German fleet. During the 1926-1945 period, extensive work was performed on the cruiser: the coal-fired boilers were replaced with oil-fired ones, new 533 mm torpedo tubes were fitted onto ship, the anti-air armament was significantly improved, the obsolete 150 mm armament of the kaiser era were substituted with more powerful alternatives, and the radar system became subject to numerous upgrades. The cruiser was involved in a lot of adventures during her service time before the start of the war – with eight long-distance cruises under her belt (pun intended), Emden had practically been in every corner of the world. During the Second World War, Emden was primarily used as a training ship and a military communications centre. In 1945, the Emden light cruiser was fatally damaged by a British air dropped bomb and subsequently sunk.

''- From [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5573-fleet-development-emden-light-cruiser-for-a-new-war-en Devblog]''

== Media ==

{{Youtube-gallery|GsTppuWdvjA|'''The Shooting Range #120''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:58 discusses the Emden.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5573-fleet-development-emden-light-cruiser-for-a-new-war-en [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Emden Light Cruiser: For a New War]

{{Germany light cruisers}}

LKk/42 (12.7 mm)

2020-05-06T14:19:29Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */

{{DISPLAYTITLE:12.7 mm LKk/42 machine gun}}
== Description ==

The 12.7 mm LKk/42 was a Finnish copy of the [[Akan m/39 (13.2 mm)|13.2 mm FN Browning aircraft machine gun]] from WWII. LKk/42 is an abbreviation for LentoKoneKivääri (air machine gun) m/42.

The Finnish managed to get the plans for the gun via Sweden as war aid in the early '40s. The calibre was changed to 12.7 mm Browning and the weapon was used to upgrade old fighter aircraft such as Brewster Buffalos and Curtiss Hawk 75's in Finnish service during the later stages of the war.

The weapon can currently only be found on the Finnish indigenous plane [[Pyörremyrsky]]. The weapon has different belts and bullets compared to other guns firing the 12.7 mm Browning cartridge which are unique to Finland.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|pyorremyrsky}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===

Since the LKk/42 is a variant of the American Browning M2 machine gun, it shares the same ammunition belts one would see on the regular Browning M2 machine gun.

Belts: Default, Universal, Ground Targets, Tracers and Stealth.

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Based on Belgian 13,2mm gun which it inself is based on the American 50 cal, due to this you can laser pointer like accuracy
* Usually high ammo count
* Better penetration than MG 151/20

*

'''Cons:'''

* Shoots quite fast, so you lose ammo fast.
* Does not have access to M20 Armor Piercing Incendiary

*

== History ==

=== Origin ===
Like most modern nations prior to WWII, the Finnish wanted to adopt a heavy airborne weapon which could deal with the armoured full metal fighters and bombers entering service at the end of the 1930s. There were several weapons on the market designed for this specific purpose and one of those was the [[Akan m/39 (13.2 mm)|13.2 mm FN Browning aircraft machine gun]] by FN Herstal. The weapon had a high fire rate of ca 1100 rounds per minute and could fire high explosive projectiles. This was the weapon Finland wanted to buy.

Unfortunately, Finland was not alone in wanting to buy the gun and several countries stood in line to buy it. Things only got worse as the Winter War started in September 1939 which meant that a suitable replacement had to be found quickly. In the end, the Finnish had to adopt the [[M2 Browning (12.7 mm)|M2 Browning]] (export name Colt MG 53-2) as they ordered the Brewster Buffalo in December 1939.

=== Predecessor ===
The Finnish were never happy with the 12.7 mm Colt MG 53-2 as it was heavy and had an unimpressive fire rate of ca 750 rounds per minute even when not synchronized through a propeller. They also did not have a license to build the Colt MG 53-2 which meant that they would have to find a successor quickly as their entire air force was becoming outdated quickly. Because of this, when the winter war ended in March 1940, the Finnish were hoping to be able to buy the 13.2 mm FN Browning machine gun yet again. But to their dismay, Belgium was invaded by Nazi Germany just 2 months after the winter war had ended which meant that FN Herstal could not export weapons.

=== Source ===
Fortunately for Finland though, their neighbour and close friend Sweden had been first in line to buy the 13.2 mm FN Browning from FN Herstal and had acquired several guns and a license to produce them just as the invasion of Belgium started. This prompted Finland to ask Sweden in 1941 if they could get access to its plans as war aid. As FN Herstal was under occupation Sweden did not see any reason against giving Finland unauthorized access to the license plans and Sweden agreed to send over the plans they had. But to the horror of the Fins, the plans were incomplete, although this was not the fault of the Swedes as they had the same problem. Because of this, the Finnish asked the Swedish if they could send over an original gun to use as reference to complete the plans. The Swedish agreed and sent over a copy.

=== Design ===
Now came the problem of calibre. The original gun was in calibre 13.2x99 Hotchkiss, a calibre the Finnish did not use nor produce. Fortunately for them, FN Herstal had prior to the war offered the 13.2 mm FN Browning in not only 13.2 mm Hotchkiss but also 12.7 mm Browning, a cartridge the Finnish had in production due to the 12.7 mm Colt MG 53-2. Because of this, the Finnish decided to convert the gun to 12.7 mm Browning. The task of converting the construction to 12.7 mm, and making it capable of being produced in Finland was given to the Finnish state weapon factory VKT. VKT had to make a couple of hundred design changes to the weapon for it to be produced in Finland. One of these changes was to make it fit the same mounts as the MG 53-2.

=== Service ===
==== Initial use ====
The weapon was designated 12.70 mm LKk/42 and production started in 1942 with the first weapons being sent out to FAF wings in 1943. The 12.7 mm LKk/42 was mainly sent to wings using the Brewster Buffalo (designated BW in Finland) as they already had installations for them but the 12.7 mm LKk/42 also ended up in a few [[P-36 (Family)|Curtiss Hawk 75]]'s (designated CU in Finland) and [[M.S.406C1|Morane-Saulnier MS.406]]'s (designated MS in Finland) as they were also in need of better weaponry.

==== Main use ====
Besides upgrading old planes the Finnish also planned to use the 12.7 mm LKk/42 on several future aircraft. One of these was the VL Myrsky, a single-engine monoplane fighter with a mixed construction airframe and 1100 hp Twin Wasp engine. The Finnish had been working on the Myrsky since 1939, but because of the war they had not been able to acquire any engine for the aircraft. By 1943 the Finnish had finally been able to acquire enough engines to start production of the Myrsky. As the Myrsky was severely outdated as a fighter by 1943 it was decided to give it extremely heavy hitting armament so it could at least take down slow attack aircraft such as the [[IL-2 (Family)|IL-2 Sturmovik]]. The Myrsky ended up receiving four 12.7 mm LKk/42 machine guns in the nose, all shooting synchronized through the propeller. While this lowered the rate of fire of the 12.7 mm LKk/42 from ca 1100 rounds per minute to around 750 rounds per minute it was still heavy-hitting as all 4 machine guns sat next to each other and fired within a 1-metre span. This concentrated the fire and turned anything it hit into Swiss cheese within seconds. In the end however, the Myrsky only ever destroyed 2 aircraft (damaged 2 fighters which crashed on landing) and it was almost immediately relegated to reconnaissance and ground attack missions. This only got worse with time as its mixed construction did not fare well in the Finnish climate.

==== Planned use ====
Besides the Myrsky the 12.7 mm LKk/42 was also planned to be used on several future aircraft being developed in Finland. One of these was the VL Humu, a Brewster Buffalo clone using Soviet M-63 radial engines captured from I-16's. The Humu was to mount three synchronized 12.7 mm Lkk/42 guns in the upper cowling. The Humu was however underpowered and never passed its initial trials in 1944.

On the other end, we have the more famous VL [[Pyörremyrsky]] fighter. The Pyörremyrsky was effectively an improved Bf 109G-6 as it used the same engine and cowling as the Bf 109 G-6 yet was able to outperform it in both climb rate and manoeuvrability. The Finnish tried also tried to improve its armament. One of the limitations of the Bf 109 G-6 was its 13 mm MG 131 machine guns. The 13 mm MG 131, while firing fairly effective projectiles, had extremely lousy muzzle velocity. The 12.7 mm LKk/42 did not. The Finnish therefor planned to use 12.7 mm LKk/42 machine guns on the Pyörremyrsky instead of 13 mm MG 131's. This was however never realized as the continuation war ended in 1944 which nailed the coffin for the Pyörremyrsky.

==== Anti air use ====
After the war, most aircraft using the 12.7 mm LKk/42 reached the end of their service life quickly and by 1950 most 12.7 mm LKk/42's were in storage waiting for better days. As a lot of the guns were effectively brand new, not to mention indigenous, the Finnish military tried to figure ways to re-purpose them.

One of these ideas was to turn them into anti-air machine guns. The 12.7 mm LKk/42 was promptly put into service as an anti-air gun during the early 1950s. As an anti-air gun, the 12.7 mm LKk/42 was re-designated to 12.7 mm TorKk/42 VKT, TorKk being an abbreviation for TorjuntaKonekivääri (anti-air machine gun), although it was sometimes called 12.7 mm VKT-42.

The 12.7 mm TorKk/42 was fitted in single, double and quadruple mounts. In the end however, it failed as an anti-air gun. Because of its high rate of fire and thin barrel, it could not be used to full effect on the ground and was thus never successful in the anti-air role. A few seconds of fire could crack the barrels and make the gun unsafe for use. It was withdrawn from anti-air service after a short period in use during the early 1950s.

==== Exercise use ====
So the 12.7 mm LKk/42 was not viable as an anti-air gun. This forced the Finnish military to rethink what to do with the guns. For inspiration, they looked to their neighbour Sweden who originally gave them the design. Since Sweden also produced the base gun during the war they most likely were in a similar boat to Finland, which was true.

Sweden's solution to the problem however was to use the surplus weapons as exercise weaponry on all their 20 mm cannon equipped aircraft. This was done by replacing the 20 mm cannons with the surplus machine guns and therefore save money by using cheaper ammunition. Finland, who had just acquired six de Havilland Vampire fighters, liked the idea and decided to copy it. This proved to be a great idea in the long run and Finland continued to use the 12.7 mm LKk/42 for exercise use into the 1990s.

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Aircraft machine guns}}

[[Category:Aircraft machine guns]]

KV-IB (Germany)

2020-05-06T14:13:57Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */ added few

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_kv_1B_finland
|market=KV-1B
}}
{{About
| about = German heavy tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = KV-1 (Family)
}}

==Description==

[[File:GarageImage KV-IB(Germany).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} German heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was first unveiled in the game in [[Update_1.41#19.06.2014_-_1.41.27.12|Update 1.41.27]]. Possibly the second rarest tank in-game, next to the [[E-100]], the KV-1B cannot be obtained by ordinary means. It was first obtainable by purchasing select MSI products in Russia. In 2015, an event known as [[wt:en/news/3249/current/|"Summertime Madness"]] had the KV-1B available to be obtained as a prize. The vehicle has since been available to be obtained via events, such as the March 2016 [[wt:en/news/3610-special-team-deathmatch-win-rare-vehicles-en|"War Thunder:100"]] team deathmatch event and the Warbond shop in the [[wt:en/news/4312-shop-how-can-you-get-premium-vehicles-warbonds-en/|4th]], [[wt:en/news/5071-news-how-can-you-get-premium-vehicles-warbonds-en|5th]], and [[wt:en/news/5858-news-how-can-you-get-premium-vehicles-warbonds-en|6th]] War Thunder anniversary. Aside from these events, it is not available in-game or via the gift shop.

Performance wise, the KV-1B is identical to the Soviet [[KV-1E]] with the applique armour. The applique armour is seen on the front hull plate, lower glacis, bits of the sides, and the turret sides.

The KV-1B is unique for the German tree with its three-tone default camouflage of green, white, and brown. This was the Finnish armour camouflage scheme in World War 2, as the KV-1B represents one captured and being used in Finnish service.

The KV-1B is armed with a 76 mm F-32 gun, which is equivalent to the L-11 gun on the [[T-34_(1940)|early T-34]] in-game. This gives the KV-1B a rather poor firepower rating, as a point-blank shot can only penetrate 73 mm. However, the APHEBC rounds with their explosive fillers are more than adequate to cripple enemy tanks should it penetrate. The choice between high-explosive and fragmentation ammunition is also liberty to take against lightly armoured vehicles. Another worry for the firepower department is the turret traverse rate, which is rather slow.

The armour on the KV-1B is brought up to its great amount, especially for its battle rating, thanks to the additional 25mm plates on the front and sides of the 75mm hull plates. The turret side armour also experiences the same upgrade. The common weak point on the KV-1 tanks from the front, the turret, also has some 25 mm applique armour covering the flat turret cheeks, reducing the flat 75 mm profile by a large margin. This leaves only the round slope gun mantlet and the minuscule turret cheeks as prominent weak points towards the enemy.

The KV-1B's mobility is a mixed bag due to the heavier weight. It accelerates efficiently on flat grounds going forward, but constant turning will burn off speed rapidly. Going up hills will be problematic if speed is not conserved for the climb. Overall, the KV-1B can be trusted to drive over distance, but any quick changes in a pre-planned path could hinder its overall movement speed.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 75 + 25 mm (30-31°) ''Front plate'' 40 mm (72°) ''Front glacis'' 75 mm + 25 mm (26-51°) ''Lower glacis'' || 75 + 25 mm || 60 mm (13-89°) ''Top'' 70 mm (14-57°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 75 + 30 mm (14°) ''Turret front'' 90 mm (1-62°) ''Gun mantlet shield'' 75 mm (4-36°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 75 + 30 mm (14-15°) || 75 mm (15-16°) || 40 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick, tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Roof armour is quite excellent, coming in at 30 - 40 mm. It will reliably protect from most autocannons, though aircraft with good driveability and +30mm weaponry may still pierce it. More importantly, it makes the vehicle quite resilient against rocket strikes from vehicles such as the [[Calliope|Calliope]].
*The lower glacis, unlike most other tanks, is not a weak spot! It is significantly better angled than the upper frontal plate. Furthermore, neither the MG port nor the drivers view slit are weak points. Discard them as targets if aiming for them.
* Gun mantlet is an extra 75 mm bolted on to the turret, with some parts having an extra 90 mm added. This results in a spaced and overlapped part with ~150 mm. Only the cheeks left and right of the mantlet bulges should be shot! However, these areas are quite small and easily missed, if the turret is traversed.
* Extra armour is not placed all over the tank, thus revealing some weaker areas on the front hull and sides.

The Finnish KV-1B has excellent protection characteristics. Above from its naturally tough KV-1 body that consists primarily of 75 mm of armour, it has armour screens ranging of 25 and 30 mm thick on the hull and turret respectively. Those who fight the Russian [[KV-1E]] may understand some weak points, but the KV-1B remains a tough tank. Another part of why the KV-1B is quite a threat is that the tank is overall quite fast once it has accelerated. Coupled with the armour, this tank can be considered quite a swift bruiser.

Among this extra armour, the KV-1B still possesses a few weak points. Starting from the hull front, the driver's hatch and bow machine gun are uncovered by the extra plating. There are some small uncovered areas in the lower glacis as well if it can be targeted. In the hull sides, the 25 mm extra armour is mostly present at the higher part of the side armour behind the suspension, so aim closer towards the wheels, or even between the suspension wheels, to hit the thinner 75 mm side. Hitting the hull sides is a recommended tactic, as behind these are the ammunition and fuel tanks, which can ignite or explode if hit, instantly destroying the KV-1B. If these extra armour platings prove too hindering, rest assured that the rear hull armour is actually unprotected by these extra plates, so the usual thickness of 60-70 mm at the rear can be exploited by fast and flanking vehicles to immobilize the KV-1B through the transmission and engine. However, the strong hull front and sides make an angled KV-1B a dangerous enemy as it will then be very hard to penetrate through there,

The turret is better protected than the hull with 30 mm extra plates, but some weakness can still be found. In the turret front, the extra armour covers the flat side area that would normally be 75 mm thick, preventing easy turret cheek shots. However, the gun mantlet cheeks that are 90 mm and the tiny area under it that is 75 mm are not covered by these extra plates. With a sufficiently powerful weapon, this frontal turret area can be the only area that is easily penetrable when a KV-1B is aiming towards the player. The turret sides are another story. With 30 mm extra armour covering a large portion of it, it might actually be one of the worst areas to shoot the KV-1B at, as the movement from the KV-1B turret, coupled with the armour, can change the shot angle and simply bounce away from the shot. Despite all this, there are still small slivers of weak points in this 30 mm plate. Right around the area that the 30 mm plates seem to intersect, there are two holes present that will reveal the 75 mm armour underneath. This allows a clean shot to the turret side and, if the enemy is carrying lots of ammunition, a chance to strike one of the ammo racks in the turret and destroy the tank. The turret rear, like the hull rear, is not protected by extra armour, so a manoeuvre around the KV-1B to these areas can allow the player to use their weaponry against the more vulnerable hull and turret rear sides.

Though the F-32 gun is at the weaker end of the Russian 76 mm guns, it is still quite powerful against most vehicles. One firepower trait to exploit on the KV-1B is the rather slow turret traverse rate. The KV-1B will have a hard time keeping its gun on flanking vehicles, especially those that are up close to it on the sides. With allies, a small light tank can get up close and force the KV-1B to try and turn its turret and hull to keep up with the small circling tank, allowing an ally with a powerful gun to hit the KV-1B at weak points when it is concentrating on the more immediate threat of the circling tank. Nevertheless, a small light tank can do plenty of damage itself while outrunning the KV-1B, using the aforementioned armour weak points. The tank is helpless to a quick foe if there are no other enemy players around to assist it.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 775|rbMinHp= 531|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|F-32 (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[F-32 (76 mm)|76 mm F-32]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 111 || -5°/+25° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' ||7.1 || 9.9 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 7.1 || 8.4 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 9.3 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| BR-350A || APHEBC ||78||76||69||61||53||47
|-
| BR-350B || APHEBC ||86||84||76||67||59||52
|-
| OF-350M || HE ||10||10||10||10||10||10
|-
| Sh-354T || Shrapnel || 37 || 35 || 29 || 25 || 20 || 17
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| BR-350A || APHEBC || 615 || 6.3 || 0.15 || 10.0 || 150 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-350B || APHEBC || 615 || 6.8 || 0.9 || 15 || 108.8 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| OF-350M || HE || 615 || 6.2 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 621 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| Sh-354T || Shrapnel || 615 || 6.2 || 0.5 || 8.0 || 85 || +0° || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
|}

=====Shell types=====

* BR-350A: The typical APBC with HE filler. This is the standard round most players will take as the default type. It is able to cause massive post-penetration damage if it does penetrate.
* BR-350B: The new APHEBC with HE filler, sacrificing some explosive post-pen damages for raw penetrating power and solid-shot spalling pose-penetration damage. Recommended taking this shot as the primary weapon to use the extra penetration values.
* OF-350M: High-explosive shell. Though it should never be used for the purpose of penetrating an enemy tank, it can be useful for hull-breaking vulnerable vehicles, such as trucks and the like.
* Sh-354T: Shrapnel shell. In ways, it is similar to the HE shell, except it has sufficient penetration value to deal with light tanks as well. Its explosion can also create shrapnel that can also be used against lightly armoured vehicles in a manner similar to HE shells.

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" width="10%" |Recommendations
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''111''' || 107 ''(+4)'' || 102 ''(+9)'' || 82 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+110)'' || style="text-align:center" | Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 102 (+9)

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 1,890 (63) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


In game, this tank is possesses great armour and an adequate gun. However, it may not be able to destroy the enemy from the front at times. As such, the tank may require being at a very close distance or a flank shot to disable certain targets. The defining characteristic of this tank is its armour. It can be a tough tank to destroy, given that most of the weak spots from the predecessor have been armoured and, from the front, the only weak spot is the centre of the upper hull. When using this tank, do not be afraid to advance towards the enemy, especially against tanks such as the 75 mm M4s and T-34s since they will find it very difficult to penetrate your thick armour. This tank can also be used for long-range support, since when the armour is properly angled, almost no tank that it faces can pierce its armour.

The typical weapon of choice that would be used against the KV-1B would be the German long 75 mm gun seen on the Panzer IV or tank destroyers. Another weapon to take care of the tank is the Type 5 guns on the Japanese [[Na-To|Na-to]] tank destroyer and [[Chi-To|Chi-To]] tank. However, if playing in RB/SB, there is no risk of coming up against the long 75 mm on both the German and Japanese tank since the KV-1B is on the axis side.

Against Allies, there are a few guns that have the ability to penetrate the KV-1B. High-velocity guns like the 76 mm, 17-pounder, and 85 mm can cut through the hull at a perpendicular angle or the turret with ease. However, these guns most likely won't be seen except in an up-tier.

===Tactics===
'''''Urban environment''''' 
Urban areas tend to result in very close range engagements. At this range, the armour of this tank can no longer offer the degree of protection that it does at range. With this being said, urban can also present nice medium range opportunities, such as open-air squares and long streets in which this tank can utilise its armour. Urban fighting presents the largest challenge for this tank, as close range flank shots can easily pierce its mighty armour. As such, here are some tactics to use in a city setting:

* Hold down a street - set up in a way that minimizes the chance to be flanked while allowing for the largest angle fire. This will allow the KV-1B to fire at the enemy while minimizing the chance of getting knocked out by a close-range flank shot
* Move with a group of tanks - try to stay in the middle of a group as this will minimize the chances of a close-range flank shot. At this range, the cannon of the tank can penetrate most tanks and has a decent rate of fire, allowing it to quickly engage multiple targets.
* Never blindly drive through an intersection - always check both ways before crossing, as this presents the largest opportunity for danger for this tank.

'''''Open country''''' 
The armour of this tank allows it to engage in the long-range fighting that defines an open country. However, the gun on this tank does not allow it to engage targets at range. This means that in while playing in open country, it is a good idea to get into a good overwatch position or to charge the enemy until the KV-1B is capable of engaging at the optimal range for the 76 mm weapon. While the armour on this tank is among the best for the enemies it faces, there are still certain tanks to worry about. The main tanks to work about are those with the American 76 mm, German 75 mm L/48, Russian 57 mm and 85 mm, and of course all the large calibre guns such as the KV-2. These weapons are capable of piercing through the KV-1B armour at range, though this requires a lucky hit on an un-angled plate. Here are some tips when fighting in open country:

* Always angle the tank - the unangled armour is good, but it is nearly impossible to pierce when properly angled.
* Don't be afraid to expose the tank - use the armour to give a degree of freedom in finding the targets.
* Advance - take the point or lead the charge, the KV-1B has the armour to break through enemy lines.

'''''Hill country''''' 
This is the type of terrain that this tank excels in. The average range of engagements allows for both the armour and gun to shine. This type of terrain also makes flanking hard, since going over a hill exposes a tank to fire from multiple directions. Even with this, don't forget to check your surroundings. Here are some tips and tactics for fighting in this environment:

* Move through the area between hills - this will allow a degree of control on where the enemy will come from and angle the armour in accordance.
** Going over large hills can be dangerous as it exposes the KV-1B to fire from all directions and also exposes the bottom of the tank to fire.
* Check your surroundings - while it is dangerous to go over hills, many newer player will attempt to do this and will sometimes manage to flank the tank.

'''''Long range''''' 
This tank does not excel here due to the low penetration of the gun. However, the armour of this tank makes it almost invulnerable to enemy fire at long ranges. Due to this, it is possible to safely attack enemies with little fear of penetrating return fire. Just remember to properly angle the tank in order to maximize its armour. While long range combat is not the best option for this tank, it can use its armour to sit in positions that no other tank could do safely. When using this tank from long range, the first piece of advice would be to close in on the enemy, though this is sometimes not possible. When one finds that long-range combat is necessary or is a preferred strategy, one can place this tank in a highly visible position to draw enemy fire. This will allow teammates to find the enemy and eliminate them. This will also allow for one to choose their target, since its gun necessitates shooting at weakly armoured targets or the sides and rear of tanks.

'''''Medium range''''' 
This tank excels in medium range combat due to great armour. Many tanks it faces will find penetrating this tank almost impossible even from the side due to the additional armour.

'''''Close range''''' 
This tank does not excel here due to bad mobility, and the greatest strength of this tank, its great armour, is no longer as potent.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Has extra 25mm armour on the hull front and sides, and 30mm on the turret sides
* Features a unique Finnish camouflage
* Good reload time
* Very good brawler
* Above average premium reward of 296%
* Very good at absorbing damage
* Gun does a lot of damage upon penetration
* Very good top armour
* Crew of five
* Bouncy turret cheeks
* Due to you being on German team, you wont face dangerous guns like the KwK 40

'''Cons:'''

* Some of the spots are not covered by the additional armour
* Gun is basically the same as the L-11 cannon, therefore it's weak compared to other guns
* Slow repair times
* No access to APCR shells
* Driver's port can easily be penetrated
* Sluggish turn when not in motion, and turning while in motion will make the KV-1B lose a lot of speed
* Does not like obstacle and hills
* Reverse speed is below average
* Finnish KV-1B looks like an soviet tank so you may be team killed often in SB, however request location feature can negate this somewhat

== History ==


===Development of KV-1===
The development of the KV-1 heavy tank began after the numerous flaws of the [[T-35]] multi-turreted tank came to light. Designers were ordered to draw up new designs to become the basis of a breakthrough heavy tank as deemed necessary by Soviet combat doctrine. This called for a tank that was heavily armoured, but not very mobile as it was to be for siege warfare. The designs offered all had heavy armour, wide tracks, and used the torsion-bar suspension. The designs were the [[SMK]], T-100, and what would become the '''KV tank''', which was named after the then Soviet Defense Commissar '''K'''liment '''V'''oroshilov.

As the prototypes were being developed and tested, the Winter War with Finland began. The Soviets sent these tanks into Finland for combat testing, and the KV design outperformed its contemporaries in every way with its superior armour and firepower. The armour on the KV tank was impenetrable by most tank cannons in service and most anti-tank guns as well, the 76.2 cannon also gave it a huge firepower boost compared to the usual 37 mm in use by other countries. However, the design was found to be difficult to steer, the transmission was unreliable, the ergonomics were poor and vision was limited. At 45-tons, it was also very heavy tank for its time. In truth, while formidable in firepower and protection, it gained a bad reputation among its crews. The main variant of production before World War II broke out was the '''KV-1''' model.

The initial production in 1939 had the KV-1 equipped with an [[KV-1 (L-11)|L-11 cannon]], and later this was upgraded to the F-32 in 1940, then to the [[KV-1 (ZiS-5)|F-34 (or ZiS-5) cannon]] in 1941. The Model 1941 production also had the KV-1 up-armoured for increased survivability. The tank had an additional 25-35 mm of armour added to the turret, hull front and sides. The turret was also now made of cast construction rather than welded. This KV-1 construction was designated the '''KV-1B''' and it served with the Soviet Union as a response to crew complaints about the inadequacy of the KV tanks and while the changes did little to mitigate this criticism, the additional protection was welcomed by its crews. However, the increased armour on the KV-1B caused an increased weight and lowered its top speed. The tank could only do about 19 mph (30 km/h) on roads and went even slower in cross-country. The operational range of the vehicle was only 155 miles (250 kilometres).

===Captured usage===
Finnish troops captured many Soviet armoured vehicles during the Winter War and Continuation War. Among these were KV-1B's, which the Finnish affectionately nicknamed the "Klimi". This KV-1B (real model is KV-1E) was captured near Solomennoye, Petrozavodsk at the start of the Continuation War. A second KV-1, a 1942 model was captured around the same time. The KV-1s and other tanks in Finnish service fought off the Soviets when they invaded Finland again in the Continuation War in June 1944. The KV-1B "Klimi" was used in various battles, such as the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, in defence against the Soviets. This conflict ended with the treaty agreement between the Soviet Union and Finland for peace in late August 1944. Both Finnish KV-1's survived the war and can now be found in the tank museum at Parola.

Several KV-1s survived the war, most as monuments, but also in museums, along with several reproductions. Only one genuine KV-1 was restored to running condition in Russia after it was found in the bottom of the Neva River. One KV-1B can also be found at the Bovington Tank Museum at England.

=== In-game description ===
This was a captured KB-1 Soviet tank modified under field conditions. The gun was replaced with a German KwK 40 with a corresponding scope, and a commander’s turret was also installed.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Germany heavy tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

Tiger (Germany)

2020-05-05T19:18:38Z

U25350683: /* Pros and cons */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_h1_tiger_animal_version
|market=␠Tiger
}}

== Description ==


The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was made available during [[Update 1.77 "Advancing Storm"]] through the "Flying Serpent, Crouching Tiger" event which spanned from 31 March to 3 April 2018.

The Tiger is a famous heavy tank made by the Germans during WWII. It first saw combat in North Africa during 1942 against both American and British tanks like the M3 Lee. The Tiger is most commonly known for its blocky structure and 88-millimetre cannon. Used until the end of the war, it was fantastic in regards to its front armour, but had weaker armour on its sides and back.

This Tiger, often referred to as the "furry Tiger," is a Tiger H1 with a special orange, white and black Tiger stripe camouflage. It is considered a premium tank and as such comes with higher boosters, 30 free repairs and modifications unlocked.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat?''

''If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 839|rbMinHp= 575|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===
''Give the reader information about the characteristics of the main gun. Assess its effectiveness in a battle based on the reloading speed, ballistics and the power of shells. Do not forget about the flexibility of the fire, that is how quickly the cannon can be aimed at the target, open fire on it and aim at another enemy. Add a link to the main article on the gun: <code><nowiki>{{main|Name of the weapon}}</nowiki></code>. Describe in general terms the ammunition available for the main gun. Give advice on how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage.''

=== Additional armament ===
''Some tanks are armed with several guns in one or more turrets. Evaluate the additional weaponry and give advice on its use. Describe the ammunition available for additional weaponry. Give advice on about how to use them and how to fill the ammunition storage. If there is no additional weaponry remove this subsection.''

=== Machine guns ===
''Offensive and anti-aircraft machine guns not only allow you to fight some aircraft but also are effective against lightly armoured vehicles. Evaluate machine guns and give recommendations on its use.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Box shaped armour layout allows angling, making the tank deceptively hard to penetrate
* 88 mm gun has high muzzle velocity making it good for long-range shots and moving targets
* Tank is fast and manoeuvrable for its size
* Tank is considered premium, giving it higher boosters and all modifications unlocked

'''Cons:'''

* Gun can have trouble penetrating tougher targets, higher rank tanks that it faces can be impossible to penetrate frontally
*
* Armour is relatively weak if not angled well
* Large crew hatch can be an easy target
* Muzzle brake on the end of the barrel is easy to hit, breaking the gun
* The default orange and black "Tiger" camouflage will cause it to stick out on most maps

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/5424-event-flying-serpent-crouching-tiger-en Flying Serpent, Crouching Tiger]

{{Germany heavy tanks}}
{{Germany premium ground vehicles}}

LKk/42 (12.7 mm)

2020-03-04T18:00:52Z

U25350683: added some minor info to ammo detail

== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|pyorremyrsky|short}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===
Since its an variant of 50cal it still holds the same ammunition belts as a normal 50cal.

Belts: Default, Universal, Ground Targets, Tracers and Stealth.

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Aircraft machine guns}}

[[Category:Aircraft machine guns]]