War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Type 88 (75 mm)

2024-11-11T05:23:29Z

U24811726: /* History */ note that he cannon were added to Ki-67 to make Ki-109 and link back to Ki-109 for aircraft details.

{{About
| about = Japanese aircraft cannon '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other uses
| link = Type 88 (Disambiguation)
}}
== Description ==
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|ki_109}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the cannon or machine gun.''

=== Available ammunition ===


* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''Armoured targets:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''Ground targets:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{:{{PAGENAME}}/Ammunition|HEFI-T, AP-T}}

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of cannons/machine guns that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the cannon/machine gun in the game - its distinctive features, tactics of usage against notable opponents. Please don't write a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought.''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

During the inter-war period, the Imperial Japanese Army Technical Bureau sought to replace their Type 11 75 mm anti-aircraft guns from service. The resulting design, created from studies of various foreign anti-aircraft guns, was the Type 88 which used a single piece, partially retractable, barrel with a sliding breech that had five folding legs for stability. It was used by the IJA during their Invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the Soviet-Japanese Border Wars throughout the 1930s, and Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 until 1945 before being used in the Pacific Theater of World War II. The Type 88 had a replacement lined up in the form of the Type 99 88 mm AA gun based on German SK C/30 88 mm naval guns captured in Nanjing in 1937, but the Type 88 would remain the most commonly found artillery piece in the Pacific Theater.

In World War II, the Type 88 was used as not only an anti-aircraft gun, but an anti-tank cannon particularly at the Battle of Okinawa and Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945. Towards the end of the war, the Type 88 was mostly used for defending the home islands from B-29 bombers, but lacked the range to attack these high altitude aircraft. To combat the [[B-29A-BN]], The Imperial Japanese Army Air Service mounted the Type 88 to [[Ki-67 (Family)|Ki-67-1]] bombers to make the [[Ki-109]]. A total of 22 Ki-109s were made.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the cannon/machine gun;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Japan aircraft cannons}}

[[Category:Aircraft cannons]]

USS Moffett

2024-10-09T02:55:35Z

U24811726: /* Secondary armament */ 2 quad mounts, not twin mounts

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_destroyer_porter_1942
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is the 7th ship in the [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] of USN destroyers. Laid down in January 1934 and commissioned in August 1936, she would serve throughout WW2. She did not participate in any major battles, serving most of the war as an escort in the Atlantic theatre. She did however sink the German U-boat U-128 along with USS Jouett, and managed to sink another submarine, U-604, after drawn out battle over 3 days in August 1943. She would later defend convoy YN-78 from air attack in Tunisia, and be brought in for repairs afterwards. These would last until the end of the war, at which point they were halted. USS Moffett would be sold for scrap in May of 1947.

USS Moffett was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]], and with its battery of 8x {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 rapid firing guns is one of the most powerful destroyers in the US bluewater fleet. The guns can get down to a {{Annotation|22 rounds-per-minute|2.72 second}} reload, allowing Moffett to easily dispatch most destroyers and even light cruisers, although the guns begin to struggle against more heavily armoured light cruisers such as the [[Brooklyn (Family)|Brooklyn class]]. The anti-aircraft battery is respectable, and the main battery also has access to {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive Variable Timed}} shells to deal with aircraft as well. This allows Moffett to help protect ships with less anti-aircraft defences such as the [[USS Northampton]] easily.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Moffett, like other American destroyers, is relatively well protected against destroyer calibre high explosive rounds. Her main belt and armour deck consists of a {{Annotation|.5-inch|12.7 mm}} anti-fragmentation armour belt. This will not protect against hits from any armour-piercing rounds, but significantly increases survivability when under fire from destroyer and light cruiser calibre HE rounds. This belt only covers the machinery spaces, the areas fore and aft of the hull are left unprotected. This includes the aft of the ships, where the vulnerable magazine is located.

USS Moffett's magazines lie underneath the aft two turrets, and critically are slightly above the waterline. Enemy captains that manage to score a hit in this location will almost certainly instantly destroy the ship. Therefore captains of Moffett should attempt to shield this vulnerable section, with natural cover if possible. If unable captains should attempt to make the rear of the ship as difficult as possible to hit; either from guns or torpedos. As for crew count, Moffett carries 194 crewmen, which is less that other contemporary destroyers such as the [[Fletcher (Family)|Fletcher-class]], resulting in slightly lower survivability under fire than other American destroyers.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

USS Moffett has a flank speed of {{Annotation|37 kn|69 km/h;43 mph}}, giving her, along with her [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] sisters the shared titles of fastest destroyers in the American tech tree. She responds to rudder commands within two seconds, so captains can expect good agility, allowing USS Moffett to reach areas inaccessible to larger vessels, contesting even coastal areas so long as the water doesn't become too shallow. While turning, her speed falls to {{Annotation|26 kn|48 km/h;30 mph}}, which while still respectable, makes her a much easier target, so captains should be prudent to avoid sustained turns. USS Moffett takes approximately 29 seconds to accelerate to flank speed from stopped, and 33 to come to a halt.

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 62
|SpeedBackStockAB = 26
|TurnTimeStockAB = 131.284
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 43
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

The USS Moffett is equipped with 8 x 5 inch/38 (127 mm) SP gun mounts. All are built in a dual mount setup, allowing for more guns on target than single mounts. When using her first stage ammo storage, she can fire at a very fast 22 rounds per minute, decreasing to 15 rpm once the first stage storage is empty. This rate of fire is among the highest of any destroyer's main gun of any nation, and even the second stage ammunition reload is competitive. Each first stage ready rack can hold up to 40 rounds in total.

The turret traverse speed is 15 degrees per second, and gun elevation speed is 12 degrees per second. Both forward and rear turret groups have a 150-degree turning radius and can elevate 35 degrees and depress a total of 10 degrees. The range of fire and traverse speed for the turrets on the Moffett is not exceptional, but the high number of guns ensures that a fair amount of firepower is available in any direction. That being said, the level of AA that these guns can provide is limited by the elevation of 35 degrees; planes directly above the Moffett cannot be targeted.

The 5"/38 guns on the Moffett have access to a range of shell options, including HE, Common, SP Common, and HE-VT. These munitions are competent, being on par with foreign 127 mm guns. The HE and HE-VT shells have 3.2 kg of TNT filler and are excellent at disabling external components and bombers respectively. The very high rate of fire allows for rapid retargeting once a module has been disabled, further contributing to the incapacitating power of the 5"/38.

Looking at the use-cases for each of the shells:

* '''AAC Mk.34 ({{Annotation|HE|High-explosive fragmentation shell}})''' - Ammunition of choice against heavy cruisers and other heavily-armoured targets where you can't do damage with any of the SAP shells. Use this to start fires, destroy secondary and anti-air guns, etc.
* '''Common Mk.32 ({{Annotation|Common|Common shell}})''' - Functionally similar to a semi-armour-piercing shell, it is your default go-to ammunition against majority of destroyers, MBTs, or other soft-skinned targets
* '''SP Common Mk.46 ({{Annotation|SP Common|Special common shell}})''' - Functionally similar to a semi-armour-piercing shell with more penetration. It is an alternative against armoured destroyers (e.g. most of USSR designs) or a light cruisers. Trades damage output for a better penetration - still not enough enough of it to penetrate the citadel of a heavy cruiser, but there is a narrow group of targets and ranges where Mk.46 is superior. If you are in doubt when to use it - opt for Mk.32 or regular HE.
* '''AAVT Mk.31 ({{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive variable time fuse shell}})''' - One of the best anti-air options in its BR. A combination of the high rate of fire with a relatively good explosive filler on a proximity fuse make it a potent weapon that most players don't expect to encounter. But remember that the HE-VT fuse is arming after 457 m, in any distance shorter than that it works like a regular HE shell. If you have issues aiming at the airborne units - ''Select secondary weapon'' (default <kbd>Alt+2</kbd> on PC), then hover over the enemy bomber/fighter and press ''Manual targeting of the primary calibre'' (default <kbd>X+1</kbd> on PC) to have AI gunners aim for you. You can switch back to your main guns with ''Select primary weapon'' (default <kbd>Alt+1</kbd> on PC).

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)}}

The Moffett has only two 1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 "Chicago Piano" AA guns. They are slow to traverse and slow to fire, and as such the passive AA capacity of these guns are very low. Still, they do serve as a deterrent and are capable of destroying PT boats if the main armament is disabled.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

Instead of using the M2 Browning MG like its tech tree counterpart [[USS Porter]], the Moffett features five Oerlikon autocannons, which is a beefy upgrade compared to the Porter. Along with Chicago Piano secondary, the Moffett has a competent level of AA, and can take down planes with an average level of consistency.

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''20 mm AP:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''20 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

{{:20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-T, AP-T, HEF-I}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)|Mk.6 mortar depth charge}}

Moffett is equipped with 8 x 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, positioned into two quadruple mounts, one placed just behind the rear smokestack and the other between the two smokestacks. While it is not the most powerful in-game torpedo, it can still do its job well.

== Usage in battles ==

Similarly to her sister ship USS Porter, the Moffett excels at hunting other destroyers with its eight 127 mm guns and anti-fragmentation armour. The high number of guns and great quality of the main armament allows the Moffett to gun down nearly any other destroyer faster than some early light cruisers. Even at its relatively high BR for a destroyer, the Moffett is capable of maintaining a damage output that is competitive, if not top of the class, at a BR where cruisers begin to enter the fray.

In the right hands, the USS Moffett is even capable of destroying light and heavy cruisers with relative ease.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire
* Twin quadruple torpedo tube mounts (totalling 8 tubes)
* Beefy AA armament
* Top speed of 37 knots (69 km/h)
* Utilizes anti-fragmentation armour to protect the crew and internal components

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability against larger ships
* Rear magazine is easy to hit and detonate
* Shorter torpedo distance compared to its contemporaries
* Low crew count of 194
* Carries only 8 torpedoes instead of 16 of its tech tree counterpart

== History ==

[[File:1439px-USS Moffett (DD-362) underway on 26 March 1944 (80-G-233588).jpg|thumb|USS Moffett (DD-362) underway on March 26th 1944. Note that she retained her original armament throughout the course of the war, while her sister ships typically had a turret removed to counter their top-heaviness.]]
USS Moffett was the fourth destroyer of the [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] to be commissioned and the third to be launched. She was an inter-war destroyer design built for the US Navy. Commissioned in late 1936, the Moffett was immediately put to service as a peacekeeper in the South American theatre. She escorted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to the Atlantic Charter Conference with Winston Churchill and saw active service as a convoy escort in the Atlantic theatre. During her time as a submarine escort, she contributed to the sinking of two U-boats. Moffett was decommissioned after the end of the war and scrapped in 1947.<ref name=":0">Willishaw, F. (1996)</ref><ref name=":1">The Tin Can Sailors. (1996)</ref>

The USS Moffett received her namesake from the "Air Admiral" or "Architect of Naval Aviation", William Adger Moffett, and was sponsored by the late Admiral's daughter Beverly Moffett. W. Moffett is most noted for his in-depth involvement in American naval aviation tactics, supporting the Navy in building the USS Langley, USS Lexington, and USS Saratoga, and his advocacy of the development of lighter-than-air crafts (dirigibles) prior to his death on the USS Akron. <ref>Moffett, William Adger; The National Aviation Hall of Fame; https://www.nationalaviation.org/our-enshrinees/moffett-william-adger/</ref>

No other US Naval ship has since borne the name Moffett.

=== Design and development ===
The Moffett was a member of the Porter class, a class of eight American destroyers intended to replace the preceding [[USS Aylwin|Farragut-class]]. Despite being initially designed in 1916, the ships were not built until the early 1930s. Intended to fit within the 1,850-ton displacement limit of the London Naval Treaty, Moffett ended up displacing almost 2,700 tons full as the design was improved.<ref name=":0" /> She was 116 metres long, and with 50,000 shaft horsepower, could make 37 knots (69 km/h).<ref name=":0" /> Her main armament consisted of eight 5-inch (127 mm) single-purpose guns in four double mounts.<ref name=":0" /> She also carried various anti-aircraft defences and eight torpedo tubes in two quadruple mounts.

Moffett was laid down in 1934 by the Bethlehem Steel Shipyard and was launched in December of 1935.<ref name=":0" /> After being completed, she was formally commissioned on August 28th, 1936.<ref name=":0" />

=== Operational History ===
After her commissioning, the Moffett was immediately put to use in peacekeeping operations. She sailed as part of the Southern Atlantic Neutrality Patrol in 1941, which was responsible for maintaining peace off Brazil's coast. During this time, she also escorted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to his conference with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Labrador, Canada.<ref name=":1" />

Following the American entry into World War II, Moffett served as a convoy escort in the Atlantic ocean.<ref name=":1" /> It was during this time that she achieved her first submarine kill; this occurred when the Moffett sighted a U-boat that had been previously attacked by allied PBM Mariners. Along with the destroyer USS Jouett (DD-396), she successfully sank the submarine using gunfire.<ref name=":1" /> Just three months later, Moffett was escorting another allied convoy when she encountered another submarine, U-604. Following a chase that lasted an entire week, the Moffett managed to severely damage the submarine using depth charges, which led to its scuttling.<ref name=":1" />

Moffett spent the remainder of the war as a convoy escort, defending allied convoys travelling from the Caribbean to Europe. She returned to the US in 1945 to receive a refit, but the war ended while she was still in the drydock. As a result, Moffett was decommissioned and scrapped in 1947.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> She received two stars for her service during the war.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_destroyer_porter_1942 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:USS Moffett (DD-362) 002.jpg|
File:USS Moffett (DD-362).jpg|
File:USS Moffett Bow.jpg|
File:USS Moffett Bow at Sea.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[Porter (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Willishaw, F. (1996). USS Moffett (DD-362). Retrieved November 29, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/362.htm</nowiki>
* The Tin Can Sailors. (1996). USS Moffett. Retrieved November 29, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.destroyers.org/histories/h-dd-362.htm</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer Bethlehem Steel}}
{{USA destroyers}}
{{USA premium ships}}

USS Moffett

2024-10-09T02:54:32Z

U24811726: /* Armament */ VT is a prox fuse, not time

{{Specs-Card
|code=us_destroyer_porter_1942
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is the 7th ship in the [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] of USN destroyers. Laid down in January 1934 and commissioned in August 1936, she would serve throughout WW2. She did not participate in any major battles, serving most of the war as an escort in the Atlantic theatre. She did however sink the German U-boat U-128 along with USS Jouett, and managed to sink another submarine, U-604, after drawn out battle over 3 days in August 1943. She would later defend convoy YN-78 from air attack in Tunisia, and be brought in for repairs afterwards. These would last until the end of the war, at which point they were halted. USS Moffett would be sold for scrap in May of 1947.

USS Moffett was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]], and with its battery of 8x {{Annotation|5-inch|127 mm}}/38 rapid firing guns is one of the most powerful destroyers in the US bluewater fleet. The guns can get down to a {{Annotation|22 rounds-per-minute|2.72 second}} reload, allowing Moffett to easily dispatch most destroyers and even light cruisers, although the guns begin to struggle against more heavily armoured light cruisers such as the [[Brooklyn (Family)|Brooklyn class]]. The anti-aircraft battery is respectable, and the main battery also has access to {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive Variable Timed}} shells to deal with aircraft as well. This allows Moffett to help protect ships with less anti-aircraft defences such as the [[USS Northampton]] easily.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

USS Moffett, like other American destroyers, is relatively well protected against destroyer calibre high explosive rounds. Her main belt and armour deck consists of a {{Annotation|.5-inch|12.7 mm}} anti-fragmentation armour belt. This will not protect against hits from any armour-piercing rounds, but significantly increases survivability when under fire from destroyer and light cruiser calibre HE rounds. This belt only covers the machinery spaces, the areas fore and aft of the hull are left unprotected. This includes the aft of the ships, where the vulnerable magazine is located.

USS Moffett's magazines lie underneath the aft two turrets, and critically are slightly above the waterline. Enemy captains that manage to score a hit in this location will almost certainly instantly destroy the ship. Therefore captains of Moffett should attempt to shield this vulnerable section, with natural cover if possible. If unable captains should attempt to make the rear of the ship as difficult as possible to hit; either from guns or torpedos. As for crew count, Moffett carries 194 crewmen, which is less that other contemporary destroyers such as the [[Fletcher (Family)|Fletcher-class]], resulting in slightly lower survivability under fire than other American destroyers.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

USS Moffett has a flank speed of {{Annotation|37 kn|69 km/h;43 mph}}, giving her, along with her [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] sisters the shared titles of fastest destroyers in the American tech tree. She responds to rudder commands within two seconds, so captains can expect good agility, allowing USS Moffett to reach areas inaccessible to larger vessels, contesting even coastal areas so long as the water doesn't become too shallow. While turning, her speed falls to {{Annotation|26 kn|48 km/h;30 mph}}, which while still respectable, makes her a much easier target, so captains should be prudent to avoid sustained turns. USS Moffett takes approximately 29 seconds to accelerate to flank speed from stopped, and 33 to come to a halt.

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 62
|SpeedBackStockAB = 26
|TurnTimeStockAB = 131.284
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 43
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)}}

The USS Moffett is equipped with 8 x 5 inch/38 (127 mm) SP gun mounts. All are built in a dual mount setup, allowing for more guns on target than single mounts. When using her first stage ammo storage, she can fire at a very fast 22 rounds per minute, decreasing to 15 rpm once the first stage storage is empty. This rate of fire is among the highest of any destroyer's main gun of any nation, and even the second stage ammunition reload is competitive. Each first stage ready rack can hold up to 40 rounds in total.

The turret traverse speed is 15 degrees per second, and gun elevation speed is 12 degrees per second. Both forward and rear turret groups have a 150-degree turning radius and can elevate 35 degrees and depress a total of 10 degrees. The range of fire and traverse speed for the turrets on the Moffett is not exceptional, but the high number of guns ensures that a fair amount of firepower is available in any direction. That being said, the level of AA that these guns can provide is limited by the elevation of 35 degrees; planes directly above the Moffett cannot be targeted.

The 5"/38 guns on the Moffett have access to a range of shell options, including HE, Common, SP Common, and HE-VT. These munitions are competent, being on par with foreign 127 mm guns. The HE and HE-VT shells have 3.2 kg of TNT filler and are excellent at disabling external components and bombers respectively. The very high rate of fire allows for rapid retargeting once a module has been disabled, further contributing to the incapacitating power of the 5"/38.

Looking at the use-cases for each of the shells:

* '''AAC Mk.34 ({{Annotation|HE|High-explosive fragmentation shell}})''' - Ammunition of choice against heavy cruisers and other heavily-armoured targets where you can't do damage with any of the SAP shells. Use this to start fires, destroy secondary and anti-air guns, etc.
* '''Common Mk.32 ({{Annotation|Common|Common shell}})''' - Functionally similar to a semi-armour-piercing shell, it is your default go-to ammunition against majority of destroyers, MBTs, or other soft-skinned targets
* '''SP Common Mk.46 ({{Annotation|SP Common|Special common shell}})''' - Functionally similar to a semi-armour-piercing shell with more penetration. It is an alternative against armoured destroyers (e.g. most of USSR designs) or a light cruisers. Trades damage output for a better penetration - still not enough enough of it to penetrate the citadel of a heavy cruiser, but there is a narrow group of targets and ranges where Mk.46 is superior. If you are in doubt when to use it - opt for Mk.32 or regular HE.
* '''AAVT Mk.31 ({{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive variable time fuse shell}})''' - One of the best anti-air options in its BR. A combination of the high rate of fire with a relatively good explosive filler on a proximity fuse make it a potent weapon that most players don't expect to encounter. But remember that the HE-VT fuse is arming after 457 m, in any distance shorter than that it works like a regular HE shell. If you have issues aiming at the airborne units - ''Select secondary weapon'' (default <kbd>Alt+2</kbd> on PC), then hover over the enemy bomber/fighter and press ''Manual targeting of the primary calibre'' (default <kbd>X+1</kbd> on PC) to have AI gunners aim for you. You can switch back to your main guns with ''Select primary weapon'' (default <kbd>Alt+1</kbd> on PC).

{{:5 inch/38 Mk.12 (127 mm)/Ammunition|5 inch AAC Mk.34, 5 inch Common Mk.32, 5 inch SP Common Mk.46, 5 inch AAVT Mk.31}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 (28 mm)}}

The Moffett has only two 1.1 inch/75 Mk.1 "Chicago Piano" AA guns. They are slow to traverse and slow to fire, and as such the passive AA capacity of these guns are very low. Still, they do serve as a deterrent and are capable of destroying PT boats if the main armament is disabled.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)}}

Instead of using the M2 Browning MG like its tech tree counterpart [[USS Porter]], the Moffett features five Oerlikon autocannons, which is a beefy upgrade compared to the Porter. Along with Chicago Piano secondary, the Moffett has a competent level of AA, and can take down planes with an average level of consistency.

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''20 mm AP:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''20 mm HE:''' {{Annotation|HEF-T|High-explosive fragmentation tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}

{{:20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)/Ammunition|HEF-T, AP-T, HEF-I}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.15 (533 mm)|Mk.6 mortar depth charge}}

Moffett is equipped with 8 x 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, positioned into twin mounts, one placed just behind the rear smokestack and the other between the two smokestacks. While it is not the most powerful in-game torpedo, it can still do its job well.

== Usage in battles ==

Similarly to her sister ship USS Porter, the Moffett excels at hunting other destroyers with its eight 127 mm guns and anti-fragmentation armour. The high number of guns and great quality of the main armament allows the Moffett to gun down nearly any other destroyer faster than some early light cruisers. Even at its relatively high BR for a destroyer, the Moffett is capable of maintaining a damage output that is competitive, if not top of the class, at a BR where cruisers begin to enter the fray.

In the right hands, the USS Moffett is even capable of destroying light and heavy cruisers with relative ease.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire
* Twin quadruple torpedo tube mounts (totalling 8 tubes)
* Beefy AA armament
* Top speed of 37 knots (69 km/h)
* Utilizes anti-fragmentation armour to protect the crew and internal components

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability against larger ships
* Rear magazine is easy to hit and detonate
* Shorter torpedo distance compared to its contemporaries
* Low crew count of 194
* Carries only 8 torpedoes instead of 16 of its tech tree counterpart

== History ==

[[File:1439px-USS Moffett (DD-362) underway on 26 March 1944 (80-G-233588).jpg|thumb|USS Moffett (DD-362) underway on March 26th 1944. Note that she retained her original armament throughout the course of the war, while her sister ships typically had a turret removed to counter their top-heaviness.]]
USS Moffett was the fourth destroyer of the [[Porter (Family)|Porter-class]] to be commissioned and the third to be launched. She was an inter-war destroyer design built for the US Navy. Commissioned in late 1936, the Moffett was immediately put to service as a peacekeeper in the South American theatre. She escorted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to the Atlantic Charter Conference with Winston Churchill and saw active service as a convoy escort in the Atlantic theatre. During her time as a submarine escort, she contributed to the sinking of two U-boats. Moffett was decommissioned after the end of the war and scrapped in 1947.<ref name=":0">Willishaw, F. (1996)</ref><ref name=":1">The Tin Can Sailors. (1996)</ref>

The USS Moffett received her namesake from the "Air Admiral" or "Architect of Naval Aviation", William Adger Moffett, and was sponsored by the late Admiral's daughter Beverly Moffett. W. Moffett is most noted for his in-depth involvement in American naval aviation tactics, supporting the Navy in building the USS Langley, USS Lexington, and USS Saratoga, and his advocacy of the development of lighter-than-air crafts (dirigibles) prior to his death on the USS Akron. <ref>Moffett, William Adger; The National Aviation Hall of Fame; https://www.nationalaviation.org/our-enshrinees/moffett-william-adger/</ref>

No other US Naval ship has since borne the name Moffett.

=== Design and development ===
The Moffett was a member of the Porter class, a class of eight American destroyers intended to replace the preceding [[USS Aylwin|Farragut-class]]. Despite being initially designed in 1916, the ships were not built until the early 1930s. Intended to fit within the 1,850-ton displacement limit of the London Naval Treaty, Moffett ended up displacing almost 2,700 tons full as the design was improved.<ref name=":0" /> She was 116 metres long, and with 50,000 shaft horsepower, could make 37 knots (69 km/h).<ref name=":0" /> Her main armament consisted of eight 5-inch (127 mm) single-purpose guns in four double mounts.<ref name=":0" /> She also carried various anti-aircraft defences and eight torpedo tubes in two quadruple mounts.

Moffett was laid down in 1934 by the Bethlehem Steel Shipyard and was launched in December of 1935.<ref name=":0" /> After being completed, she was formally commissioned on August 28th, 1936.<ref name=":0" />

=== Operational History ===
After her commissioning, the Moffett was immediately put to use in peacekeeping operations. She sailed as part of the Southern Atlantic Neutrality Patrol in 1941, which was responsible for maintaining peace off Brazil's coast. During this time, she also escorted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to his conference with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Labrador, Canada.<ref name=":1" />

Following the American entry into World War II, Moffett served as a convoy escort in the Atlantic ocean.<ref name=":1" /> It was during this time that she achieved her first submarine kill; this occurred when the Moffett sighted a U-boat that had been previously attacked by allied PBM Mariners. Along with the destroyer USS Jouett (DD-396), she successfully sank the submarine using gunfire.<ref name=":1" /> Just three months later, Moffett was escorting another allied convoy when she encountered another submarine, U-604. Following a chase that lasted an entire week, the Moffett managed to severely damage the submarine using depth charges, which led to its scuttling.<ref name=":1" />

Moffett spent the remainder of the war as a convoy escort, defending allied convoys travelling from the Caribbean to Europe. She returned to the US in 1945 to receive a refit, but the war ended while she was still in the drydock. As a result, Moffett was decommissioned and scrapped in 1947.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> She received two stars for her service during the war.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=us_destroyer_porter_1942 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:USS Moffett (DD-362) 002.jpg|
File:USS Moffett (DD-362).jpg|
File:USS Moffett Bow.jpg|
File:USS Moffett Bow at Sea.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==


* [[Porter (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

=== References ===

;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography

* Willishaw, F. (1996). USS Moffett (DD-362). Retrieved November 29, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.navsource.org/archives/05/362.htm</nowiki>
* The Tin Can Sailors. (1996). USS Moffett. Retrieved November 29, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.destroyers.org/histories/h-dd-362.htm</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer Bethlehem Steel}}
{{USA destroyers}}
{{USA premium ships}}

J5N1

2024-08-26T07:31:15Z

U24811726: /* Description */ "wary" - ie cautious, concerned about - not "weary" = tired

{{Specs-Card
|code=j5n1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''', designated as the '''Tenrai ({{Annotation|天雷|Heavenly Thunder}})''', was a Japanese prototype twin-engine fighter aircraft that was developed out of the [[J1N1]] to meet a new requirement from the Japanese Navy in early 1943. Requested to pack heavy armament, high altitude, and speed to deal with potentially dangerous bomber aircraft being developed, which Japanese intelligence is wary of (being the [[B-24/PB4Y (Family)|B-24]], [[B-29A-BN|B-29]], etc.). With the design proposal drawn up by Nakajima theoretically meeting the Navy's requirement, the Navy approved the development of the now-designated Tenrai aircraft. However, with six prototypes built, the Tenrai never hit the speed mark through multiple engine configurations, had several technical issues, and, with the high demand of the Navy, was overweight on features to achieve its full potential.

It was introduced in [[Update 1.89 "Imperial Navy"]]. Excelling in its role as a high-altitude twin-engine aircraft, it packs heavy armament as requested and is fairly manoeuvrable for its size. Altitude is key, and the Tenrai should remain on top of the whole battle at all times, Boom-n-Zooming aircraft beneath it and shredding bombers before they get near their targets.

;Nicknames:

* [[Abbreviations#.28IJN.29_Official_name_designation|Official Designation]]: ''天雷 (Tenrai, "Heavenly Thunder")''

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 638 || 620 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 28.0 || 28.8 || 14.3 || 14.3 || rowspan="2" | 420
|-
! Upgraded
| 690 || 663 || 26.5 || 27.0 || 22.6 || 18
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 431 || 406 || 280 || ~10 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 320 || < 400 || < 450 || > 324
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The J5N1 is not very durable. Although there is 70 mm thick bulletproof glass and 20 mm of steel armour protecting the pilot from the front, the aircraft is still quite fragile. Despite having self-sealing fuel tanks, fires are almost always lethal, typical of WW2 Japanese aircraft.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 5 (30 mm)|Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm Type 5 cannons, chin-mounted (60 rpg = 120 total)
* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, chin-mounted (350 rpg = 700 total)

== Usage in battles ==

Similar to the previous aircraft in its tech tree branch, the J5N1 excels at hunting down enemy bombers. The heavy armament of the J5N1 allows it tear apart even the most heavily armed aircraft it will face, and it can gain remarkable amounts of speed in a straight line over time. Compared to the Ki-108 preceding it, the J5N1 also has substantially better vertical energy retention, allowing boom and zoom to be a somewhat more viable tactic. Pilots should be wary of approaching enemy bombers from behind, as although the pilot will probably be safe due to the aircraft's frontal protection, the rest of the aircraft is quite vulnerable.

This aircraft performs best when no enemy fighters lurk above it - although the J5N1 is surprisingly agile and quick for a twin-engine aircraft, competent enemy fighters with an altitude advantage will likely defeat it in a one-on-one engagement. Thus, similar to previous Japanese twin-engine interceptors, the aircraft excels when teammates are there to support you.

The J5N1's worst enemies are Bf 109s and Spitfires. The variants you will face at the J5N1's BR can both outclimb and outturn the J5N1 if piloted properly, and are tough to defeat in one-on-one engagements unless the J5N1 pilot comes in with an altitude advantage, element of surprise, or both. If you cannot find yourself above enemy Bf 109s or Spitfires, try avoiding them and see if your teammates can help you. Against Yaks and Lavochkins, try to engage them above 4,000 m/13,000 ft, as Soviet aircraft barring the likes of the I-225 tend to perform worse at altitude.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Devastating armament - its 30 mm cannons are both high velocity and very deadly
* All guns are mounted in the nose
* Surprisingly fast for a twin-engine aircraft - can exceed 700 km/h even in very shallow dives
* Improved vertical energy retention over previous heavy fighters means BnZ is more viable

'''Cons:'''

* Even with self-sealing fuel tanks, fires are almost always lethal
* Weak rudder
* Mediocre roll rate

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=j5n1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ifv05cSErOc|'''The Shooting Range #152''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:50 discusses the J5N1.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/nakajima-j5n1-tenrai-heavenly-thunder [Smithsonian<nowiki>]</nowiki> Nakajima J5N1 Tenrai (Heavenly Thunder)]
* [https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=1511 [Military Factory<nowiki>]</nowiki> Nakajima J5N Tenrai (Heavenly Thunder)
* [http://www.combinedfleet.com/Nakajima%20J5N.htm [Combined <nowiki>Fleet]</nowiki> Nakajima J5N Heavy Fighter/Interceptor]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/453513-j5n1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan twin-engine fighters and attackers}}

RBS-82

2024-01-17T21:48:58Z

U24811726: /* General info */ expand general description

== Description ==
[[File:WeaponImage RBS-82.png|thumb|left|420px|The RBS-82 rocket (scale is approximate)]]
{{Break}}
''Write an introduction to the article in 2-3 small paragraphs. Briefly tell us about the history of the development and combat using the weaponry and also about its features. Compile a list of air, ground, or naval vehicles that feature this weapon system in the game.''

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===

{{Navigation-Start|Vehicles equipped with this weapon}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Fighters'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|Hurricane}}{{Specs-Link|hurricanemkii_ussr}}
{{Navigation-Line|I-15}}{{Specs-Link|i-15bis}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-15bis_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-15bis_krasnolutsky}}
{{Navigation-Line|I-16}}{{Specs-Link|i-16_type10_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-16_type10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-16_type17_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-16_type18}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-16_type24}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-16_type27}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-16_type28}}
{{Navigation-Line|I-153}}{{Specs-Link|i-153_m62}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-153_m62_zhukovskiy}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-153_m62_china}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i-153p}}
{{Navigation-Line|I-185}}{{Specs-Link|i_185_m71_standard}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|i_185_m82}}
{{Navigation-Line|ITP}}{{Specs-Link|itp_m1}}
{{Navigation-Line|LaGG-3}}{{Specs-Link|lagg-3-11}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|lagg-3-23}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|lagg-3-35}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|lagg-3-66}}
{{Navigation-Line|Yak-7}}{{Specs-Link|yak-7b}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Strike aircraft'''}}
{{Navigation-Line|IL-2}}{{Specs-Link|il_2_1941}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il-2i}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_2_m82}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il-2m}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il_2m_1943}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il-2m_mstitel}}
{{Navigation-Line|IL-10}}{{Specs-Link|il-10}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il-10_1946}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|il-10_1946_china}}
{{Navigation-Line|Su-6}}{{Specs-Link|su_6_single}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|su-6_am42}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|su-6_m71}}
{{Navigation-Line|Su-8}}{{Specs-Link|su-8}}

{{Navigation-First-Line|'''Bombers'''}}{{Specs-Link|po-2}}{{-}}{{Specs-Link|po-2m}}

{{Navigation-End}}

== General info ==
The RBS-82 is an armour piercing rocket with a thickened and hardened nose and a HE filler, penetrating armour in a similar manner to a APHE round and then exploding inside. It was designed to penetrate up to 50mm armour, but can only achieve this in perfect conditions. However it is capable of penetrating the thin top armour of many tanks, and of course the lighter armour of half-tracks and SPG's at significant range.''<code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>''http://ww2data.blogspot.com/2015/11/soviet-explosive-ordnance-rockets.html Soviet Rocket reference page''<code><nowiki></ref></nowiki></code>''

=== Effective damage ===
''Describe the type of damage produced by this type of rocket (high explosive, splash damage, etc)''

=== Comparison with analogues ===
''Give a comparative description of rockets that have firepower equal to this weapon.''

== Usage in battles ==
The RBS-82 is very effective when dealing with soft and squishy targets from a top down attack angle. You should target open-topped vehicles such as the Flakpanzer I or the M18 Hellcat. It is also capable of air-to-air engagements when dealing with early bombers, being able to destroy the entire aircraft with just one or two rockets if you can hit your target.

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the weaponry in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark pros and cons as a list.''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Examine the history of the creation and combat usage of the weapon in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the weapon and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Weapon-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>.''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==


* [[M-8 (82 mm)|M-8]]: Ground launched version of '''{{PAGENAME}}''' with a larger warhead and motor
* [[RS-82|RS-82]]: Identical rocket to '''{{PAGENAME}}''' with standard TNT warhead

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the weapon;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Rockets}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

F-111A

2024-01-06T19:53:41Z

U24811726: /* Suspended armament */ note that any load on pylons 1,2,11,12 prevents wing sweep

{{Specs-Card
|code=f_111a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Following the exposition of the shortcomings of the current fighter aircraft of the United States in the 1960s, particularly shown during the Vietnam War, the U.S. Department of Defense set out to procure a versatile, long-range strike aircraft to meet the demands of the Cold War for both the US Navy and Air Force. The F-111 project was born as a joint effort between the Air Force and Navy, aiming to create a multi-role aircraft capable of performing both strategic and tactical missions in USAF doctrine and for Navy "fleet defence and strike" doctrine, resulting in the F-111 development program being one of the most comical rollercoaster rides in the world of military aviation. After many shortcomings, failures, and cancellations of certain aspects of the program, primarily the F-111K (UK export variant) and F-111B (US Navy fleet defence fighter) being cancelled, the development shifted to solely focus on the USAF frontline-bomber variant. Though the F-111 program faced numerous challenges and controversies, it eventually evolved into an impressive aircraft known for its adaptability and innovative technology. The initial chapter in this story, the F-111A, was just the tip of the spear, and the advent of a long and notable history of the "Aardvark" family.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a heavy frontline bomber and low-altitude interdictor, introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]]. Building upon the doctrine and playstyle of previous aircraft in the bomber line, primarily the previous F-105D, the F-111A borrows many of its mission profiles, and as such has a similar set of advantages and disadvantages against its adversaries. The F-111 is characterized by being the extreme of most ends in-game, being the fastest aircraft in-game at the time of its introduction, at a Battle Rating where nothing can even dream of catching you at your max speed. However, reaching that max speed is another story, as the Pratt & Whitney TF-30 engines, familiar to pilots of the [[F-14A Early]], have abysmal acceleration, which when coupled with the high-drag airframe, means that the F-111A bleeds energy dangerously quickly in any manoeuvre. However, do not let these donwnsides deter you from the venerable 'Vark, as in the hands of a more experienced player, it can be a very dangerous fighter at its battle rating, utilizing its good top speed and great manoeuvrability at low speed to win almost all engagements it finds itself in. If all else fails, the F-111 can resort to bombing bases thanks to its highly respectable ordnance load, capable of leveling up to seven bases in Air Realistic Battles when fully loaded with bombs. In ground battles, the F-111 can function as a precision interdictor thanks to its small selection of precision weapons and bomb computer, or more likely, as an area-level frontline strike aircraft, thanks to its capability to carpet bomb with up to fifty bombs, or hammer a smaller area with its 456x FFAR rockets.

'''Players must take caution when taking any ordnance on the outermost four pylons, as this configuration locks the wings in forward sweep and turns the F-111 into a subsonic bomb truck.'''

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The General-Dynamics F-111A ''Aardvark'' is a superbly fast aircraft, however, it suffers from being powered by a pair of TF30s and weighing more than any other jet in the game, giving it the acceleration of a tortoise in winter. This is a plane that functions almost purely off its aerodynamics, which allows it to have one of the highest top speeds in the game at sea level and altitude (Mach 1.3 and 2.5 respectively). The F-111A is a fighter-bomber, and a large one, which means any air-to-air combat should leave dogfighting as a last resort. In the air-to-air role, it flies like an F-104 but even faster, however, you also have to deal with extremely poor energy retention due to the aircraft's large surface area. The Aardvark performs fairly well in rate fights against other large aircraft like the [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4]] and [[Su-17/22 (Family)|Su-17/22]], and the [[F-104 (Family)|F-104]] of course. In the air-to-ground role, the aircraft's performance varies widely. Using the inner-most pylons can result in a blockage of the wing sweep to 75%, however, they can swing back once the ordinance is dropped. Using the 2 outer pylons on each wing or gunpods renders the wings immobile and this significantly lowers top speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 12,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,429 || 2,390 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.3 || 33.6 || 103.2 || 96.5 || rowspan="2" | 1,200
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,472 || 2,590 || 32.7 || 33.0 || 148.6 || 125.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 800 || 588 || 555 || ~9 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-3 || 2
| colspan="2" | 21,147 kg || colspan="3" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 43m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 143m fuel
|-
| 1,882 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 25,595 kg || 25,795 kg || 27,343 kg || 35,962 kg || 51,425 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 43m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 143m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,790 kgf || 8,350 kgf
| 0.65 || 0.65 || 0.61 || 0.46 || 0.32
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,335 kgf (1,600 km/h) || 12,044 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 0.94 || 0.94 || 0.88 || 0.67 || 0.47
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The greatest advantage for the F-111 Aardvark in terms of survivability is its raw speed. Although its acceleration is mediocre with any sort of payload, it has an extremely high top speed when moving in a straight line, and can outrun many aircraft without needing to ditch its bombs to do so as long as it was already moving fast.

The greatest disadvantage in terms of survivability for the F-111 is the sheer size of the aircraft and the fact that fuel and the engines takes up an extremely large portion of the internal aircraft volume. This means that any enemy fighters within gun range will not have a very hard time hitting something critical and starting a fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 52 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="4%" |1*!! width="4%" |2*!! width="4%" | 3 !! width="4%" | 4 !! width="4%" | 5 !! width="4%" | 6 !! width="4%" | 7 !! width="4%" | 8 !! width="4%" | 9 !! width="4%" | 10 !! width="4%" |11*!! width="4%" |12*
| rowspan="15" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[M61A1 (20 mm)|20 mm M61A1]] cannons (1,200 rpg)
| || || || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[M61A1 (20 mm)|20 mm M61A1]] cannons (2,000 rpg)
| || || || || || 1 || || || || || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || 1 || 1 || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || 3, 6 || 3, 6
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || 3, 6 || 3, 6
|-
! [[M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|750 lb M117 cone 45]] bombs
| 3 || 3 || || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || 1 || 1 || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || 3 || 3
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[M118 (3,000 lb)|3,000 lb M118]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[BLU-1 incendiary]] bombs
| 2 || 2 || || 2 || 2 || || || 2 || 2 || || 2 || 2
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| 57 || 57 || || 57 || 57 || || || 57 || 57 || || 57 || 57
|-
! [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP]] rockets
| 12 || 12 || || 12 || 12 || || || 12 || 12 || || 12 || 12
|-
! [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] missiles
| || || || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missiles
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! 600 gal drop tanks
| || || || 1 || || || || || 1 || || ||
|-
| colspan="13" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 4,100 kg
"*"- any load on pylons 1, 2, 11, 12 prevents wing sweep
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon (2,000 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 2 x 600 gal drop tanks
* 4 x 20 mm M61A1 cannons (1,200 rpg = 4,800 total)
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 8 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 228 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 456 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 48 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 96 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 4 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles
* 12 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 24 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (12,000 lb total)
* 26 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (13,000 lb total)
* 50 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (25,000 lb total)
* 24 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (12,000 lb total)
* 48 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (24,000 lb total)
* 26 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (19,500 lb total)
* 38 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (28,500 lb total)
* 8 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (16,000 lb total)
* 8 x 3,000 lb M118 bombs (24,000 lb total)
* 16 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* One of the fastest aircraft in-game, with a maximum airspeed of 1,500 km/h (~930 mph) IAS with maximum wing sweep
* Extremely heavy payload capacity (currently, the heaviest payload capacity in-game)
* CCIP and CCRP bomb computer, CCIP rocket and cannon computer, radar has lead-computing cannon FCS
* Powerful Vulcan with 2,000 rounds
* MAW (Missile Approach Warning) can detect missiles approaching from the rear, and, optionally drop countermeasures if countermeasure slaving is enabled
* Surprisingly agile and manoeuvrable at low speeds with wings at 0% swing and combat flaps

'''Cons:'''

* Very large and heavy
* Alarmingly high fuel consumption
* Mediocre acceleration
* Suffers from a long takeoff roll, especially with maximum payload
* Cannot sweep wings at all when outer two pylon stations are mounted (even after payload is jettisoned!), severely limiting maximum speed.
* Wings will not move to maximum sweep if bombs are present on the innermost pylons until bombs are dropped, limiting maximum speed and acceleration
* Radar does not have IFF
* If countermeasures are slaved to MAW, they can quickly run out due to only having 52 countermeasures
* AIM-9Bs are practically useless

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/8545-development-f-111a-aardvark-the-ultimate-bomber-en|Devblog]] ===
The prototype of a new American bomber was born from the conditions of a complex and constantly changing technical specification. The first flight of the F-111A prototype took place at the end of 1964 with serial production being established only 3 years later. While the initial priority for avionics development was the use of nuclear weapons, the Vietnam War dramatically changed the Aardvark's purpose towards a low-altitude bombing aircraft that could fly deep into enemy territory beyond the reach of anti-aircraft weaponry. The F-111 was in service with the U.S. Air Force until 1996 and was widely used in various military operations.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f_111a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|m04wG7J7oq8|'''The Shooting Range #378''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8545-development-f-111a-aardvark-the-ultimate-bomber-en|[Devblog] F-111A Aardvark: The Ultimate Bomber!]]

{{AirManufacturer General Dynamics}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

F-111A

2024-01-06T19:50:45Z

U24811726: /* Flight performance */ specify that using any of the 2 outer pylons on EACH wing stops wing sweep

{{Specs-Card
|code=f_111a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

Following the exposition of the shortcomings of the current fighter aircraft of the United States in the 1960s, particularly shown during the Vietnam War, the U.S. Department of Defense set out to procure a versatile, long-range strike aircraft to meet the demands of the Cold War for both the US Navy and Air Force. The F-111 project was born as a joint effort between the Air Force and Navy, aiming to create a multi-role aircraft capable of performing both strategic and tactical missions in USAF doctrine and for Navy "fleet defence and strike" doctrine, resulting in the F-111 development program being one of the most comical rollercoaster rides in the world of military aviation. After many shortcomings, failures, and cancellations of certain aspects of the program, primarily the F-111K (UK export variant) and F-111B (US Navy fleet defence fighter) being cancelled, the development shifted to solely focus on the USAF frontline-bomber variant. Though the F-111 program faced numerous challenges and controversies, it eventually evolved into an impressive aircraft known for its adaptability and innovative technology. The initial chapter in this story, the F-111A, was just the tip of the spear, and the advent of a long and notable history of the "Aardvark" family.

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a heavy frontline bomber and low-altitude interdictor, introduced in [[Update "Kings of Battle"]]. Building upon the doctrine and playstyle of previous aircraft in the bomber line, primarily the previous F-105D, the F-111A borrows many of its mission profiles, and as such has a similar set of advantages and disadvantages against its adversaries. The F-111 is characterized by being the extreme of most ends in-game, being the fastest aircraft in-game at the time of its introduction, at a Battle Rating where nothing can even dream of catching you at your max speed. However, reaching that max speed is another story, as the Pratt & Whitney TF-30 engines, familiar to pilots of the [[F-14A Early]], have abysmal acceleration, which when coupled with the high-drag airframe, means that the F-111A bleeds energy dangerously quickly in any manoeuvre. However, do not let these donwnsides deter you from the venerable 'Vark, as in the hands of a more experienced player, it can be a very dangerous fighter at its battle rating, utilizing its good top speed and great manoeuvrability at low speed to win almost all engagements it finds itself in. If all else fails, the F-111 can resort to bombing bases thanks to its highly respectable ordnance load, capable of leveling up to seven bases in Air Realistic Battles when fully loaded with bombs. In ground battles, the F-111 can function as a precision interdictor thanks to its small selection of precision weapons and bomb computer, or more likely, as an area-level frontline strike aircraft, thanks to its capability to carpet bomb with up to fifty bombs, or hammer a smaller area with its 456x FFAR rockets.

'''Players must take caution when taking any ordnance on the outermost four pylons, as this configuration locks the wings in forward sweep and turns the F-111 into a subsonic bomb truck.'''

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The General-Dynamics F-111A ''Aardvark'' is a superbly fast aircraft, however, it suffers from being powered by a pair of TF30s and weighing more than any other jet in the game, giving it the acceleration of a tortoise in winter. This is a plane that functions almost purely off its aerodynamics, which allows it to have one of the highest top speeds in the game at sea level and altitude (Mach 1.3 and 2.5 respectively). The F-111A is a fighter-bomber, and a large one, which means any air-to-air combat should leave dogfighting as a last resort. In the air-to-air role, it flies like an F-104 but even faster, however, you also have to deal with extremely poor energy retention due to the aircraft's large surface area. The Aardvark performs fairly well in rate fights against other large aircraft like the [[F-4 Phantom II (Family)|F-4]] and [[Su-17/22 (Family)|Su-17/22]], and the [[F-104 (Family)|F-104]] of course. In the air-to-ground role, the aircraft's performance varies widely. Using the inner-most pylons can result in a blockage of the wing sweep to 75%, however, they can swing back once the ordinance is dropped. Using the 2 outer pylons on each wing or gunpods renders the wings immobile and this significantly lowers top speed.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 12,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 2,429 || 2,390 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.3 || 33.6 || 103.2 || 96.5 || rowspan="2" | 1,200
|-
! Upgraded
| 2,472 || 2,590 || 32.7 || 33.0 || 148.6 || 125.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 800 || 588 || 555 || ~9 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || -
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Pratt & Whitney TF30-P-3 || 2
| colspan="2" | 21,147 kg || colspan="3" | ___ kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Max Gross Weight|Mass of the fully equipped aircraft with heaviest weapons load}}
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 43m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 143m fuel
|-
| 1,882 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning low-bypass turbofan
| 25,595 kg || 25,795 kg || 27,343 kg || 35,962 kg || 51,425 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 43m fuel || 45m fuel || 60m fuel || 143m fuel || MGW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 4,790 kgf || 8,350 kgf
| 0.65 || 0.65 || 0.61 || 0.46 || 0.32
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,335 kgf (1,600 km/h) || 12,044 kgf (1,400 km/h)
| 0.94 || 0.94 || 0.88 || 0.67 || 0.47
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The greatest advantage for the F-111 Aardvark in terms of survivability is its raw speed. Although its acceleration is mediocre with any sort of payload, it has an extremely high top speed when moving in a straight line, and can outrun many aircraft without needing to ditch its bombs to do so as long as it was already moving fast.

The greatest disadvantage in terms of survivability for the F-111 is the sheer size of the aircraft and the fact that fuel and the engines takes up an extremely large portion of the internal aircraft volume. This means that any enemy fighters within gun range will not have a very hard time hitting something critical and starting a fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs) !! Lead indicator
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}}
|-
|}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 52 x large calibre countermeasures

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="4%" | 1 !! width="4%" | 2 !! width="4%" | 3 !! width="4%" | 4 !! width="4%" | 5 !! width="4%" | 6 !! width="4%" | 7 !! width="4%" | 8 !! width="4%" | 9 !! width="4%" | 10 !! width="4%" | 11 !! width="4%" | 12
| rowspan="15" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[M61A1 (20 mm)|20 mm M61A1]] cannons (1,200 rpg)
| || || || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[M61A1 (20 mm)|20 mm M61A1]] cannons (2,000 rpg)
| || || || || || 1 || || || || || ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || 1 || 1 || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || 3, 6 || 3, 6
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || 3, 6 || 3, 6
|-
! [[M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|750 lb M117 cone 45]] bombs
| 3 || 3 || || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || 1 || 1 || 3, 6 || 3, 6 || || 3 || 3
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 84 (2,000 lb)|2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[M118 (3,000 lb)|3,000 lb M118]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1
|-
! [[BLU-1 incendiary]] bombs
| 2 || 2 || || 2 || 2 || || || 2 || 2 || || 2 || 2
|-
! [[FFAR Mighty Mouse]] rockets
| 57 || 57 || || 57 || 57 || || || 57 || 57 || || 57 || 57
|-
! [[Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP]] rockets
| 12 || 12 || || 12 || 12 || || || 12 || 12 || || 12 || 12
|-
! [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] missiles
| || || || 1 || 1 || || || 1 || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[AIM-9B Sidewinder]] missiles
| || || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || || 1 || 1 || 1 || ||
|-
! 600 gal drop tanks
| || || || 1 || || || || || 1 || || ||
|-
| colspan="13" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 4,100 kg
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon (2,000 rpg)
* 1 x 20 mm M61A1 cannon + 2 x 600 gal drop tanks
* 4 x 20 mm M61A1 cannons (1,200 rpg = 4,800 total)
* 2 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 8 x AIM-9B Sidewinder missiles
* 228 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 456 x FFAR Mighty Mouse rockets
* 48 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 96 x Zuni Mk32 Mod 0 ATAP rockets
* 4 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles
* 12 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (6,000 lb total)
* 24 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (12,000 lb total)
* 26 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (13,000 lb total)
* 50 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (25,000 lb total)
* 24 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (12,000 lb total)
* 48 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (24,000 lb total)
* 26 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (19,500 lb total)
* 38 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (28,500 lb total)
* 8 x 2,000 lb LDGP Mk 84 bombs (16,000 lb total)
* 8 x 3,000 lb M118 bombs (24,000 lb total)
* 16 x BLU-1 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* One of the fastest aircraft in-game, with a maximum airspeed of 1,500 km/h (~930 mph) IAS with maximum wing sweep
* Extremely heavy payload capacity (currently, the heaviest payload capacity in-game)
* CCIP and CCRP bomb computer, CCIP rocket and cannon computer, radar has lead-computing cannon FCS
* Powerful Vulcan with 2,000 rounds
* MAW (Missile Approach Warning) can detect missiles approaching from the rear, and, optionally drop countermeasures if countermeasure slaving is enabled
* Surprisingly agile and manoeuvrable at low speeds with wings at 0% swing and combat flaps

'''Cons:'''

* Very large and heavy
* Alarmingly high fuel consumption
* Mediocre acceleration
* Suffers from a long takeoff roll, especially with maximum payload
* Cannot sweep wings at all when outer two pylon stations are mounted (even after payload is jettisoned!), severely limiting maximum speed.
* Wings will not move to maximum sweep if bombs are present on the innermost pylons until bombs are dropped, limiting maximum speed and acceleration
* Radar does not have IFF
* If countermeasures are slaved to MAW, they can quickly run out due to only having 52 countermeasures
* AIM-9Bs are practically useless

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/8545-development-f-111a-aardvark-the-ultimate-bomber-en|Devblog]] ===
The prototype of a new American bomber was born from the conditions of a complex and constantly changing technical specification. The first flight of the F-111A prototype took place at the end of 1964 with serial production being established only 3 years later. While the initial priority for avionics development was the use of nuclear weapons, the Vietnam War dramatically changed the Aardvark's purpose towards a low-altitude bombing aircraft that could fly deep into enemy territory beyond the reach of anti-aircraft weaponry. The F-111 was in service with the U.S. Air Force until 1996 and was widely used in various military operations.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=f_111a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|m04wG7J7oq8|'''The Shooting Range #378''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:24 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8545-development-f-111a-aardvark-the-ultimate-bomber-en|[Devblog] F-111A Aardvark: The Ultimate Bomber!]]

{{AirManufacturer General Dynamics}}
{{USA jet aircraft}}

I-301

2023-10-02T23:37:00Z

U24811726: /* Description */ simplify the description for the 301 as the prototype for LaGG-3 series

{{Specs-Card
|code=lagg-i-301
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=I-301
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.43]] as part of a giveaway in the [[wt:en/news/2736--en|2014 Winter Holiday]] event. Currently you can only acquire an I-301 coupon in a trophy or buy one at the Gaijin market to unlock this aircraft.

The I-301 was the prototype for the [[LaGG-3 (Family)|LaGG-3 fighter series]], and so construction, and flight characteristics and performance are similar to them. There is almost no difference between the I-301 and the in-game [[LaGG-3-8]]. Besides being only marginally faster than the rank II [[LaGG-3-66]] in level flight and in a climb, the tactics proposed in the article for the LaGG-3-8 hold true, with the exception of the massive increase in firepower.

The most distinctive feature of the I-301 is its complete dark red coat; given there are no other camouflage options, the I-301 is permanently linked with its red paint.

The I-301 construction was wood and polymer, which contributed to its flying capabilities. Contrary to beliefs, the wooden construction was quite resistant to catching fire, but all the fuel tanks in the wings and fuselage are quite combustible. If one looks at the I-301 and compares it to other Soviet aircraft, there are some similarities due to features taken from other aircraft models. The fuselage was a similar construction of the MiG-3 fighters. The wings are similar to that of the Yak-1, the only difference being the I-301 wings are built in two parts, as evidenced by the bands in the middle of the wings.

The I-301 firepower is a step above the other LaGG-3 fighters due to the extra machine guns and powerful cannon. The cannon is not the usual [[ShVAK (20 mm)]] seen on the production LaGG-3, but is a 23 mm PTB-23 cannon, which in-game is similar to the 23 mm on the [[IL-2 (Family)|IL-2]] attackers, meaning they have great stopping power when it hits and can even be used against ground targets. As for machine gun armaments, all other LaGG-3 fighters had a single 12.7 mm UB machine gun as their secondary, the I-301 has two 12.7 mm and two 7.62 mm machine guns for a total of four.

With four machine guns and a cannon mounted in the V of the engine, the I-301 is a well-armed fighter for its battle rating. In the hands of a skilled pilot, this plane can and will destroy anything it goes after with near-impunity, its speed and climb rate being fairly well-suited for Boom & Zoom tactics. However, because it is essentially an up-gunned LaGG-3, it is still vulnerable to being set on fire pretty easily (with all the fuel tanks in the wings), the engine overheating rather quickly (a critical factor in Realistic and Simulator Battles), and it can't turn-fight for long before slower, more manoeuvrable aircraft can catch up to it and shoot it down. Similar to the [[Yak-3P]], its only camouflage has a red finish, which can make it stand out in the sky, though unlike the Yak, the red finish is darker and less eye-grabbing from a distance in certain environments.

In short, the I-301 is the grandfather of all the Lavochkin fighters. Its general flying style is almost identical to the production LaGG-3s, but with its five guns, it is very well suited for a more aggressive playstyle. As such, going after more armoured targets like four-engine bombers and attacker-class aircraft is viable in this aircraft, and dispatching enemy fighters even in full up-tiers will be easy.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,950 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 583 || 565 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.0 || 23.8 || 10.5 || 10.5 || rowspan="2" | 380
|-
! Upgraded
| 630 || 605 || 20.9 || 22.0 || 17.8 || 13.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 700  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 440 || 414 || 280 || ~12 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 380 || < 380 || > 323
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8 mm Steel plate behind the pilot.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|PTB-23 (23 mm)|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 23 mm PTB-23 cannon, nose-mounted (81 rpg)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine guns, nose-mounted (210 rpg = 420 total)
* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, nose-mounted (650 rpg = 1,300 total)

== Usage in battles ==

A good tactic for flying the I-301 is to climb above all your enemies, using your good rate of climb. Once at altitude, you can pick and choose whichever target you want to pursue. Once you pick out a target, dive on it and demolish the enemy with your deadly armament. It is very important to note that if your target turns, do not turn with it. Convert your speed back into altitude, and then dive back on the enemy aircraft. If you are playing in an Arcade Battle, you will want to reload your cannon whenever your ammunition runs below about 25 rounds. Optimally you will be at bomber altitude, where you can take your time, reload and regroup.

If you are flying in Realistic or Simulator, you will usually not have to worry about breaking up in a dive, tearing your flaps, or ripping your wings; due to its construction, the I-301 is exceptionally tough. The I-301's roll rate and pitch authority are about average, but it has above average yaw authority. However, as you approach and go beyond 650 km/h (400 mph) your control surfaces will stiffen up.

==== Armament suggestions ====
Unlike the LaGG-3, the I-301 is equipped with four machine guns and a cannon that fires through the propeller hub, which gives this plane the high burst mass. The massive amount of firepower can take down any fighter if one is unlucky enough to have one on their six. As for ammo capacity, it carries a fair amount for its machine guns, carrying more ammo for its twin Berezin machine guns than the total ammo capacity of any of the LaGG-3s (cannon and machine gun combined); carrying enough ShKAS machine gun ammo equal to half the load of planes equipped with four of them such as the [[I-153 M-62]] and the [[I-16 type 18|I-16 Ishak]]. However, the PTB-23 ammo load is abysmal compared to a load of a single [[VYa-23 (23 mm)|VYa-23 cannon]], in which it has only 81 rounds before it needs to be reloaded.

As with other planes with a multiple gun arrangement, Trigger discipline is the key to getting as many planes as you can before you run out of ammo for each gun. Since all the guns are centre-line mounted, it is critical that your aim is on point before pulling the trigger in short, controlled bursts. In the end, the full salvo of five guns can quickly dispatch lightly armoured fighters with ease, along with tearing through larger aircraft like bombers and attackers at a rather alarming rate. It is very comfortable at punching well above its rank, but because it is a prototype, it does not have any options for suspended ordnance such as rockets and bombs.

To add, most of the time machine guns, if the aircraft has cannons, will all be paired together. With the I-301, it is different. The twin ShKAS machine guns are what fire when the machine guns key is activated while the twin Berezin UB machine guns and the PTB-23 cannon will fire if the cannons key is activated.

==== Specific enemies worth noting ====
There are a select few enemies to be concerned about, one of which are enemy [[P-47 (Family)|P-47s]]. Unless catching one in a level altitude, the P-47 can maintain a very high speed and firepower to use when attacking. They come in a Boom & Zoom style onto the aircraft and even if they miss, they zoom away with its speed, with the I-301 unable to catch it under its own speed. If they make the mistake of engaging in a turn fight, the I-301 will dance all over the slowed P-47 and a good burst into the fuselage can still tear apart a P-47.

==== Counter-tactics ====
Due to the previously mentioned firepower and flight performance, the I-301 can be a beast in the air. If trying to down a I-301, try to catch one when it is engaging with another aircraft, namely when it is swooping onto a target or turning against a fighter. While it is preoccupied with trying to destroy the enemy, pounce on it and take it out quickly before the I-301 can react.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extremely heavy armament concentration, all mounted in the nose
* Great ammo capacity for its machine guns
* Good diving characteristics
* Average climbing characteristics
* Performs slightly better than the production aircraft that follows it ([[LaGG-3-8]])
* Easy to fly
* Incredible armament
* Good canopy view
* Many players will underestimate you because they will not know what you are

'''Cons:'''

* Cannon runs out of ammo before the machine guns do
* Somewhat underpowered engine
* Engine overheats rather quickly
* Engine easy to knock out
* Can't sustain energy in a turn-fight
* Can catch fire pretty easily
* Red camouflage can be somewhat concerning in certain environments
* No camouflage options, stuck with the default red
* Only 81 rounds for the cannon
* The red camouflage will allow experienced enemies to quickly identify you at a distance and exploit your weaknesses

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
A low wing single-seat all-wooden monoplane fighter with a closed cockpit and retractable landing gear with a tail wheel.

Designed in OKB-301 led by the "triumvirate" of aviation designers – S.A Lavochkin, V.P. Gorbunov and M.I. Gudkov.

The I-301's airframe consisted entirely of wood. All its parts were attached with glue, without nails or screws. The most crucial parts were processed with Bakelite lacquer, a phenol formaldehyde resin. This treatment increased the wood's durability and fire resistance due to a slight increase in its specific weight.

The decision to build an experimental prototype of the I-301 was taken in November 1939. On 28 March 1940, the experimental I-301 successfully completed its maiden flight with the test pilot A.I. Nikashina at the controls.

Two I-301s were built and tested in 1940–41. One of their special characteristics was the very careful finish on the airframe's surface. To reduce aerodynamic resistance and improve their flight characteristics, these airplanes were entirely covered in varnish and polished to a mirror sheen.

The I-301 was powered by the 12-cylinder liquid-cooled Klimov M-105P radial engine with a rated output of 1,050 hp. The fuel was initially housed in three tanks: one on the fuselage and two in the central wing section. It had no wing panel tanks, so the aircraft's flight range did not exceed 560 km. As a consequence, two extra wing-mounted fuel tanks were added to improve its range.

The I-301's armament was exceptionally powerful. The nose section of the fuselage housed all its weaponry, which included a 23 mm Taubin MP-6 engine cannon mounted in the cavity of the engine's cylinder assembly with 81 shells, and two 12.7 mm large-calibre synchronized Berezina BS machine guns installed above the engine with 230 rounds each.

In terms of firepower, the I-301 was superior to all other single-engine Soviet fighters of its time.

The I-301 was not put into service and did not participate in combat operations. The first prototype was badly damaged during an emergency landing on 4 January 1941, and was never restored.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=lagg-i-301 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[LaGG-3 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/195727-lavochkin-gorbunov-gudkov-i-301/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Lavochkin}}
{{USSR fighters}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}
{{Winter Event}}

HMS Glorious

2023-04-30T04:38:40Z

U24811726: /* Usage in battles */ a starting primer for how to use it

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_battlecruiser_glorious
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British battlecruiser {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Fire and Ice"]].

One of the trio of the Courageous-class "large light cruiser", the {{PAGENAME}}'s design perfectly encapsulates Fleet Admiral Jackie Fisher's obsession with speed and firepower. Designed to get around the restriction to build new capital ship by the government, the Glorious' appearance is akin to that of a half-finished battleship with protection nowhere close to an actual battleship. Fortunately for the Glorious and her sister ship, the ship would later be converted into an aircraft carrier to put the better use for the wasted deck space after the Great War.

In War Thunder, the Glorious' unconventional design made her distinctive from the other "pocket battleship" at her BR, such as [[Admiral Graf Spee|Graf Spee]] and the [[IJN Ikoma|Ikoma]]. The ship is a true "glass cannon", featuring high offensive firepower in the form of four 381 mm cannons, numerous 102 mm guns, a truckload of torpedoes, along with good mobility to boot. But it still lacks an adequate armour to shield her off from enemy fire.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:15 inch/42 BL Mark I (381 mm)/Ammunition|15 inch 4crh CPC, 15 inch 4crh Mark XIIa APC}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|BL Mark IX (102 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

{{:BL Mark IX (102 mm)/Ammunition|4 inch HE, 4 inch SAP}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|76 mm/45 QF 3in 20cwt HA Mark I (76 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.IV (533 mm)}}

''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==
As a "glass cannon" the usual rule applies - try not to get hit!!

At 5.7 BR in AB you should not bring the Glorious into matches where it will face "real" battleships and battlecruisers - against them it is simply a larger and hence easier target than normal cruisers.

However in a 6.0 or lower match you can use your unusual armament to advantage - the 15" guns can kill any cruiser with 3 or 4 good hits. If you have destroyers nearby consider swapping to control the 4" guns and engage them - you can get up to 12 x 4" guns on a broadside, which can rapidly wreck any small ship. The 4" SAP ammunition is significantly better for this than the stock HE.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Four 381 mm guns, enough to cripple any enemy it might have to face
* Numerous fast-firing 102 mm provides steady damage output at mid-to-close range
* Huge empty space at the bow and stern can absorb several hits from shells and torpedoes
* Quite fast and manoeuvrable, despite the size
* Equipped with 40 torpedoes with decent performance

'''Cons:'''

* Very large and distinctive hull shape, easily identified and hit by any enemies
* Poor armour protection, relies heavily on fuel tanks to absorb damage
* Terrible main turret traverse speed, inability to fire reactively
* Poor anti-air defence
* Fixed torpedo tubes restrict its usage to saturational barrages

== History ==


The Courageous-class battlecruisers were formulated during WW1 by the ever-eccentric First Sea Lord, Jacky Fisher, as part of his 'Baltic Project', a planned attack on the German Baltic coastline. In 1915, the Chancellor of the Exchequer had forbidden new construction of any warships larger than light cruisers, yet Lord Fisher wanted new fast capital ships for the Baltic Project in order to support his proposed landings of troops on the beaches of Pomerania.

In order to get around the rule against new capital ships and also because of Lord Fisher's obsession with speed at the expense of all else, the Courageous class were presented as 'large light cruisers', with extremely light armour, extremely high speed and half the main armament of the new Queen Elizabeth-class battleships. Fortunately for Fisher, many of the politicians up top had little knowledge in naval matters and so they saw the high speed, low armour and just approved the design for construction.

Unfortunately, however, the ships proved to be a little too lightly built and had a tendency to take structural damage in rough seas or at high speed or even when firing the main guns until they were structurally stiffened in response.

As Fisher's Baltic Project never took place, the ships spent the war patrolling the North Sea. HMS Glorious saw little action, other than the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight, during which she only suffered damage from a premature shell detonation and her own muzzle blasts. She was also present for the surrender of the German High Seas Fleet in 1918.

The Courageous-class battlecruisers were converted into aircraft carriers in the 1920s.

On the return journey of an evacuation of British aircraft from Norway in June 1940, HMS Glorious was attacked by the German battleships [[Scharnhorst]] and Gneisenau, losing over 1,200 lives in the battle. HMS Glorious remains on the floor of the Fjord today.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_battlecruiser_glorious Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7920-development-hms-glorious-an-outrageous-warship-design-en|[Devblog] HMS Glorious: An Outrageous Warship Design]]

{{Britain battlecruisers}}

Kirov

2023-04-12T22:10:23Z

U24811726: /* Pros and cons */ spelling

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_cruiser_kirov
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet light cruiser {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]].

Still recovering from the Russian Civil War during the early 1930s. the Soviet Union is not capable of designing their own larger ship yet. The Soviet contacted the Italian company Ansaldo to help them design a new cruiser derived from the Italian light cruiser [[RN Raimondo Montecuccoli|Raimondo Montecuccoli]]. The new ship came with some new domestic innovations, namely the heavily simplified citadel armour and placement of the internal modules that give the ship a considerably better module protection and weight saving as well as a powerful 180 mm naval cannons for long-range engagements.

The Kirov-class cruisers is unusual for various reasons. Due to her relatively low displacement for her size (9,436 tons with 191.3 m length) and lack of armour plating, she was usually classified as a light cruiser. Yet due to her large 180 mm guns and her huge size, she is also classified as a heavy cruiser by some sources.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Kirov is a rather odd ship, while she only has 50 mm of citadel armour with no anti-fragmentation armour, the placement of her critical modules such as her engines, transmissions, and main ammo racks were all located inside her citadel and sitting below the waterline. This leaves most of her upper hull empty and can therefore take a good amount of damage from AP or SAP shells. However, due to the lack of armour elsewhere, the Kirov is very vulnerable against HE shells, as they can quickly deplete her relatively low crew size.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Being such a large ship with relatively low displacement, the Kirov's top speed is quite good. Although her excessive hull length will worsen her traverse speed.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|180 mm/57 B-1-P (180 mm)}}

Kirov has 9 x 180 mm/57 (7.1") B-1-P Pattern 1932 naval cannons for her main armament, arranged in triple turrets mounted A-Bs-X. This gives Kirov a heavy punch, but her overall firepower is lacking compared to other cruisers at her BR. With a fire rate of 5 rounds/minute, she has the slowest reload among the BR 5.7 cruisers (not counting Furutaka's 20.3 cm guns).

Kirov uses the OF-32 HE shell as default, with the ability to unlock the B-32 AP shell, the PB-32 SAPCBC shell as well as the ZS-32 HE-DF shell. A major advantage that Kirov has is the astounding 920 m/s muzzle velocity of all her shells, meaning that leading targets will not be as difficult. The SAPCBC shell sacrifices some of the armour penetrative abilities of the AP shell, but it is loaded with 7 kg of TNT explosive filler.

{{:180 mm/57 B-1-P (180 mm)/Ammunition|180 mm OF-32, 180 mm B-32, 180 mm PB-32, 180 mm ZS-32}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|100 mm/56 B-34 (100 mm)}}

The Kirov has a secondary armament of 6 x 100 mm/56 (3.9") B-34 Pattern 1940 cannons arranged evenly on either side of the after smoke funnel. This is a rather light secondary battery, but they are versatile due to their clear angles of fire and ammunition selection.

These guns have access to the ZS-56 HE-DF shell as default and the ZS-56R HE-VT shell is able to be researched.

{{:100 mm/56 B-34 (100 mm)/Ammunition|100 mm F-56 HE, 100 mm ZS-56 HE, 100 mm ZS-56R HE-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|45 mm/46 21-K (45 mm)|DShK (12.7 mm)}}

For anti-aircraft armament, Kirov has 7 x 45 mm/46 21-K cannons as well as 3 x DShK machine guns. The 45 mm cannons are not very effective against aircraft as they only have a standard HE shell with no special fuze, requiring a direct hit on an aircraft to deal damage. They serve better as anti-torpedo boat guns due to their rapid-fire ability and centralized arrangement. The DShK machine guns will be mostly for harassment purposes and to catch unaware planes.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|53-39 (533 mm)}}

Kirov is equipped with 2 x triple torpedo launchers firing the 53-39 torpedo. The base setting for these is a range of 4,000 m with a high speed of 51 knots. Using the torpedo mode upgrade, they can be adjusted to 10,000 m range at a reduced speed of 34 knots. Due to the location of the launchers being low and behind raised structure, the ship is not able to launch torpedoes towards the front, and must turn to release weapons.

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships is a catapult with one Beriev Be-2 (aka KOR-1) scout plane which provides unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. Alongside the typical abilities of strafing with its two light machine guns, dropping 2 x 50 kg bombs, and capping zones, the KOR-1 and other scout planes have the added ability to lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new!

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional damage output, besting almost all of the comparable foreign light cruisers and most of the heavy cruisers
* Access to various types of shells, including {{Annotation|SAP|Semi armour-piercing}}, {{Annotation|APCBC|Armor-piercing capped ballistic capped}} and even {{Annotation|HE-VT|High-explosive variable time fuse}} shells for secondaries
* Decent medium and long-range anti-air defense
* Above average mobility
* Relatively good torpedoes
* Access to the [[Shipboard reconnaissance aircraft|hydroplane]]

'''Cons:'''

* Low crew count and a minimal armor protection
* Numerous exposed stations make it prone to HE damage. Relatively thin armor makes it possible to destroy turrets even with a 200 mm / 8-inch {{Annotation|HE|High-explosive fragmentation}} rounds.
* Very large, can be easily targeted
* [[Ammo racks|Auxiliary ammunition storage]] located above the water line
* Poor short-range anti-air defence

== History ==

Following the devastation of the Russian Civil War, the remaining industry available to the newly formed Soviet Union was everything but capable of designing large, new warships. Aware of this, the Soviet Union sought help from abroad, in order to be able to commit to the planned expansion of its navy.

In the end, help came from the Italian shipbuilders, which sold the blueprints for the Condottieri C light cruiser as well as the necessary machinery to the Soviets. Engineers further modified the design to suit Soviet needs, which included the fitting of new triple turrets, among other constructional changes. The project was approved in November 1934 as the Project 26.

Plans were made to construct a total of six Project 26 cruisers, which would be built in pairs and would receive various improvements over the respective previous pair. The Kirov, as the lead and prototype ship of the class, was laid down for construction in October 1935, after a minor delay.

The Kirov was launched in late 1936 and joined the Baltic Fleet in September 1938. After briefly taking part in the Winter War, Kirov quickly became trapped in the waters between Kronstadt and Leningrad by German minefields, following the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941.

The warship would remain stationed in those waters for the better part of the war, providing gunfire support for the besieged defenders of Leningrad. Shortly after the end of WW2, Kirov was severely damaged by a German seamine. Following repairs, the ship was completely overhauled in the late 1940s and was later reclassified as a training ship in the early 1960s. In February 1974 however, Kirov was eventually sold for scrap, marking the end of its close to four decade long service.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6055-development-kirov-light-cruiser-baltic-fleet-warrior-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_cruiser_kirov Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Kirov (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6055-development-kirov-light-cruiser-baltic-fleet-warrior-en|[Development] Kirov light cruiser: Baltic Fleet Warrior]]

{{ShipManufacturer Baltic Shipyard}}
{{USSR light cruisers}}

User:U24811726

2023-03-28T22:54:34Z

U24811726: This is me :)

Wargamer for 50+ years, amateur historian, dancer of no great ability, skeptic

User talk:U24811726

2023-03-28T22:54:09Z

U24811726: Just me :)

Wargamer for 50+ years, amateur historian, dancer of no great ability, skeptic

Assault Mode

2023-01-31T20:58:42Z

U24811726: /* General Advices */ kill all hte bombers

'''Assault Mode''' is a cooperative game mode for aircraft, ground vehicles and helicopters where players fight against the AI.
The main objective is to defend the base from several waves of enemies. Team can consist of up to 10 players.
This game mode uses the damage and flight models, and other mechanics, from Arcade Battles (including rearming in flight). There is no limit for how many times players can spawn the same vehicle, so it is possible to bring only one.

Unlike in other modes, it is required to pay SL to spawn in the vehicle (0.8 x the vehicle's AB repair cost), instead of when the player's vehicle is destroyed.
Rewards are given based on how long the player survives the mission. In addition, the player's first battle of the day gives a special reward depending on the mission length (how many waves have been defeated).
The minimal required amount of points in a battle to get the full reward (RP and SL amount) is 1,500, everyone after reaching it will get the same amount of RP and SL. The best reward that is possible to get is a 300% SL or RP booster and a universal backup for any vehicle.

== Levels in Assault Mode ==
=== Air Assault mode ===
Depending on the BR of the aircraft being used, there are five level in Air Assault battles:

:* The first level includes aircraft with a BR of between 1.0 and 2.3.
:* The second level includes aircraft with a BR of between 2.7 and 3.7.
:* The third level includes aircraft with a BR of between 4.0 and 5.0.
:* The fourth level includes aircraft with a BR of between 5.3 and 6.3.
:* The fifth level includes aircraft with a BR of 6.7+.

Players can still use aircraft with a battle rating lower than the indicated range. For example, it is possible to use propeller-driven fighters in the highest rank battles.

=== Ground Assault mode ===
Depending on the BR of the ground vehicle or helicopter being used, there are six ranks in Ground Assault battles:

:* The first level includes tanks with a BR of between 1.0 and 2.3.
:* The second level includes tanks with a BR of between 2.7 and 3.7.
:* The third level includes tanks with a BR of between 4.0 and 5.0.
:* The fourth level includes tanks with a BR of between 5.3 and 6.3.
:* The fifth level includes tanks with a BR between 6.7 and 8.0.
:* The sixth level includes tanks and helicopters with a BR of 8.3+.

== Air Assault ==
=== Objective ===
Players use aircraft to defend the base at the centre of the map which is located under the spawn zone. The AI can use three unit types: bombers, attackers, and ground artillery units.
The number of active players affects the amount of AI units which is being spawned by the game, for example when there are only five players then the game will spawn only half of the normal amount of planes.

The total amount of waves is 15. The remaining amount of waves to spawn for the mission is shown in the bottom-left corner to the right side of the other indicators.
The next wave appears when all planes are either destroyed or the time counter between waves reaches 0 (it is reset every time a new wave appears). The time counter's start value decreases as the mission progresses, so waves of enemies will appear faster and at the end it is possible to fight two at the same time.

=== Waves ===
Waves can be composed of (B) bombers or (A) attackers and in some cases it is (R) random (there's a 50% chance of getting either bombers or attackers).
Bombers spawn 20 kilometres away from the base position at 3,500 metres altitude and they fly in a straight line towards their target.
Attackers also spawn 20 kilometres from the base but at much lower altitude - 1,500 metres. Just before reaching the base, they start to dive to drop their bombs, and they can still be intercepted during that action.

A table showing when and what type of units spawn during the mission:

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! colspan="16" | Waves
|-
! Wave
| style="width:6%" | 1
| style="width:6%" | 2
| style="width:6%" | 3
| style="width:6%" | 4
| style="width:6%" | 5
| style="width:6%" | 6
| style="width:6%" | 7
| style="width:6%" | 8
| style="width:6%" | 9
| style="width:6%" | 10
| style="width:6%" | 11
| style="width:6%" | 12
| style="width:6%" | 13
| style="width:6%" | 14
| style="width:6%" | 15
|-
! Type
| B || A || R || B || A || R || B || A || R || B || A || R || A || R || B
|-
|}

The number of spawned units can vary depending on battle level (1-5) and number of beaten waves, the more of them that are destroyed, the more enemies that spawn and their number will be increased up to 4 times per battle (it happens every 3-4 destroyed waves).

=== Artillery units ===
The artillery units use different mechanics to the bombers and attackers. Though they do not have the range to directly damage the main base, they instead regularly remove points from the base's health pool. This pool is shown in the bottom-left corner next to the artillery icon.
The points decrease for as long as artillery units remain alive and the battle ends when the base's health reaches 0.

Spawn of artillery units is random and can happen from the second wave, but its chance for spawn gets higher every wave. Once they appear, they will not spawn again until the 8th wave, at which time the random chance to spawn is reset and they are able to spawn again.

=== Enemy types ===
Depending on level, the game spawns different units, the higher is the level of battle the harder they are to destroy.

{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Bombers_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:USSR flag.png|70px|link=Category:USSR_aircraft]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Air Berlin.jpg|135px]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Bombers_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:Britain flag.png|70px|link=Category:Britain_aircraft]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Air Norway.jpg|135px]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Bombers_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:USA flag.png|70px|link=Category:USA_aircraft]]{{Tree-Skip|6px}}[[File:MapIcon Air Ruhr.jpg|135px]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Bombers_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:France flag.png|70px|link=Category:France_aircraft]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Air Sicily.jpg|135px]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Bombers_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:Germany flag.png|70px|link=Category:Germany_aircraft]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Air Stalingrad.jpg|135px]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Bombers_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:Italy flag.png|70px|link=Category:Italy_aircraft]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Air Tunisia.jpg|135px]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|<center>[[File:Bombers_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:Japan flag.png|70px|link=Category:Japan_aircraft]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Air Zhengzhou.jpg|135px]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

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|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sb_2m_103c}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|su-2_m82}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|hp52_hampden_mk1_late}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|beaufort_mkviii}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|b_18a}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sbd-3}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f_222_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|potez_631}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|do_17z_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ju-87b-2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|br_20_dr}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|breda_88}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|h6k4}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ki_21_1ko}}

{{Tree-Line|Level 2 - (2.7 - 3.7)}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il-4}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_2m_1943}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|wellington_mk10}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|avenger_mk1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|b_25j_1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a-20g}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|leo_451_late}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a-35b}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ju-88a-4}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|bf-110c-4}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sm_79_iar_italy}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ju-87d-3_italy}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|h8k2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ki-45_tei}}

{{Tree-Line|Level 3 - (4.0 - 5.0)}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|pe-8_m82}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|su-6_am42}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|lancaster_mk1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|typhoon_mk1b_late}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|b-17e}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a-26b_10}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mb_162}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sb2c_5_france}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|do_217k_1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|me-410b-1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|z_1007_bis_serie3}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|sm_91}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|g5n1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p1y1_mod11}}

{{Tree-Line|Level 4 - (5.3 - 6.3)}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|tu-2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il-10}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|lancaster_mk3}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|spitfire_f22}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|b_24d}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a-26b}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|mb_162}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f8f1b_france}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|he-177a-5}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ju-288c}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p_108b_serie2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|g_56}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|g5n1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ki_67_1_otsu}}

{{Tree-Line|Level 5 - (6.7+)}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|tu_4}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|su-6_m71}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|lincoln_b2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|canberra_bmk2}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|b-29}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f3d_1}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|pb4y-2_france}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|so_8000_narval}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|he-177a-5}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|do_217m_1}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|z_1007_bis_serie3}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|bf-109g-14as}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|g8n1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|kitsuka}}
{{Tree-End}}

== Ground Assault ==
=== Objective ===
Players use ground vehicles and helicopters to defend the zone on the map centre from incoming waves of enemy tanks.
Helicopters are allowed only in the top tier bracket (BR 8.3+).

The main objective is to not let the enemy units capture the area on the centre of map and slow them down as much as possible. If the AI units manage to enter the capture zone, it will start to flash and the team will start to lose tickets, the more AI that enter it, the more tickets the team loses.
The enemy units slow down upon entering the zone, and their shooting accuracy is also lowered.
After successfully defending the zone and destroying enemy waves your team regain a small amount of lost tickets. The battle is lost once the team's tickets reaches 0.
The counter in the bottom-left corner shows the remaining amount of waves to beat (including current one).

Destroying enemy planes is optional but highly recommended, some of them are equipped with weapons that can destroy player's vehicle in a single attack.
Sometimes a pickup can appear outside the zone, it can repair the tank and replenish its ammunition.
The number of active players affects the amount of AI units which is being spawned by the game.

=== Waves ===
Waves can be composed of four unit types: light tanks, medium tanks, slightly better medium tanks, and heavy tanks. Every wave, two planes are also spawned which attack ground units and player controlled helicopters.
In top tier assault battles, SPAA units can also appear, they will engage only flying units. Usually the game spawns one SPAA unit per player in a helicopter, their range is so large that they can reach players very soon after they leave the helipad. SPAA units spawn during the 2nd, 5th, 8th and 11th wave and it happens 20 seconds after the tanks start to appear.
Spawn position of ground units is random, they always spawn from seven different predetermined directions.

Some enemy ground units can attack player-controlled helicopters by using their roof-mounted machine guns, such as the Russian tanks on Kursk map.
The accuracy of the AI remains very high even when driving at full speed.

It is a viable tactic to destroy track of the front most vehicles to make them stop, but keep in mind that they can repair damaged parts, including the engine and extinguish parts that are set on fire.

A table showing when and what type of units spawn during the mission (Light (L), Medium (M), Intermediate (MH), Heavy (H) and (S) Air Cover (in top tier battles)):

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
! colspan="16" | Waves
|-
! Wave
| style="width:8%" | 1
| style="width:8%" | 2
| style="width:8%" | 3
| style="width:8%" | 4
| style="width:8%" | 5
| style="width:8%" | 6
| style="width:8%" | 7
| style="width:8%" | 8
| style="width:8%" | 9
| style="width:8%" | 10
| style="width:8%" | 11
|-
! Type
| L || M + S || H || M || MH || H || L + S || MH || H || MH + S || H
|-
|}

The amount of spawned units can vary depending of battle level (1-6) and amount of beaten waves, the more of them are destroyed the more of enemies are spawning and the game increases their number up to 4 times per battle (that happens every 3-4 destroyed waves).

=== Enemy types ===
Depending on level, the game spawns different units, the higher is the level of battle the harder they are to destroy.

{{Tree-Start|3|without header}}
{{Tree-Line|}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc"|{{Tree-Skip|40px}}<center>'''Vehicle{{Tree-Skip|1px}}Type'''</center>
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:USA flag.png|70px|link=Category:USA_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|6px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Ardennes.jpg|135px|link=Ardennes_(Ground_Forces)]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:Britain flag.png|70px|link=Category:Britain_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Sinai.jpg|135px|link=Sinai]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:USSR flag.png|70px|link=Category:USSR_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Kursk.jpg|135px|link=Kursk_(Ground_Forces)]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:Germany flag.png|70px|link=Category:Germany_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Mozdok.jpg|135px|link=Mozdok_(Ground_Forces)]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:Japan flag.png|70px|link=Category:Japan_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground Japan.jpg|135px|link=Emperors_Garden_Map]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc"|<center>[[File:Heavy_tanks_icon.png|50px|link=]][[File:France flag.png|70px|link=Category:France_ground_vehicles]]{{Tree-Skip|5px}}[[File:MapIcon Ground MaginotLine.jpg|135px|link=Maginot_Line_(Ground_Forces)]]</center>{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Line|Level 1 - (1.0 - 2.3)}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc" align="center"|
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Light
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Medium
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Intermediate
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Heavy
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Air Support
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m22_locust}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m8_scott}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m5a1_stuart}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m3_lee}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-51_a-36}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_a_13_mk2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_crusader_mk_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_crusader_mk_3}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_valentine_mk_1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|beaufort_mkviii}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_26_1940}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_bt_7_1937}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_70_1942}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_28}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|yak_2_kabb}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_35t}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_F}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_E}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_J}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|do_17z_7}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_97_kai}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_2_ho_i}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_1_chi_he}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_95_heavy}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ki-45_tei}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_amc_35}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_hotchkiss_h39}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_renault_d2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_somua_s35}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|potez_633}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line|Level 2 - (2.7 - 3.7)}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc" align="center"|
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Light
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Medium
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Intermediate
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Heavy
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Air Support
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m24_chaffee}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m10}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m4_sherman}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m4a5_ram_2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|f4u-1d}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_a27m_cromwell_5}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_a27m_cromwell_1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_sherman_II}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_a_22b_mk_3_churchill_1942}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|hurricanemkii}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_28E}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_50}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_34_1942}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_kv_1_L_11}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|il_2m_1943}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_J}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_L}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_III_ausf_M}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_infanterie_kampfpanzer_churchill}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|bf-110g-2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_m24_chaffee}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_3_chi_nu}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_1_chi_he}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_3_chi_nu_75cm_type_5}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|d4y2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_amx_13_fl_11}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_m10}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_m4a1_sherman}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|fr_arl_44_acl1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a-35b}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}

{{Tree-Line|Level 3 - (4.0 - 5.0)}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc" align="center"|
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Light
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Medium
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Intermediate
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Heavy
{{Tree-Skip|12px}}
Air Support
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m4a2_sherman}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m18_hellcat}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m4a1_76w_sherman}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|us_m6a1}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|p-47d-28}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_17_pdr_m10_achilles}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_sherman_II}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_sherman_vc_firefly}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|uk_a_22f_mk_7_churchill_1944}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|firebrand_tf4}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_34_1942}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_t_34E_STZ}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_kv_1s}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|ussr_kv_85}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|su-6_am42}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_sdkfz_9_flak37}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_G}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_IV_ausf_H}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|germ_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_h1_tiger}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|me-410b-1_u2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_4_chi_to}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_type_5_chi_ri}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_m4a3e8_76w_sherman}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|jp_pzkpfw_VI_ausf_e_tiger}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
{{Tree-Unit|a7m2}}
{{Tree-Skip|10px}}
|style="border-left: solid 1px #cccccc;"|
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= Strategies =
For both modes:

* Don't shy away from expensive ammo. Ammo is free in this mode.

== Air Assault Mode ==
=== General Advices ===

* Make sure to kill all the bombers in a wave - often players will think it is "covered" by team mates, but everyone is thinking the same and or 2 get through and destroy the base.
* Never waste your time going after planes that have already dropped their ordnance on the target. Enemy planes that are still carrying bombs are given a blinking red/yellow icon, whereas empty ones do not blink. The only exception to this rule is when you are sure the game is lost.
* Similarly, do not waste time going after out-of-control targets either. They may appear still alive, but their abnormal attitude or speed should make it clear they will not reach the target.
* Try to prioritize bombers: the damage they inflict is much more compared to attackers or fighters. They also throw bombs from further away. (Do be careful around the extra turrets.)
* Maximize your time in-air. If you are low on SL and have to use the airfield, press J (on PC) to leave the aircraft after a successful landing. You can then respawn at the air point with a discount, saving time for climbing. (You cannot use the air spawn with a fully intact plane, however.)
* Target the further-away waves if one enemy wave already has enough teammates shooting at it.
* Try tracer belts. They will not make you more visible to AI, but you will be able to hit from further away.
* Bind and use the "reload" key. Ammo is free, and you don't want to miss out on the action due to lack of ammo.
* Make the best use of head-on engagements. Head-ons are often more effective since you can hit the pilot easily: you can usually take out two at a time. Enemy AI planes do not use their forward-facing "offensive guns", making such engagements safer than chasing ones.

=== [[File:USSR_flag.png|x42px]] [[Berlin_(Air_Forces)|Berlin]] ===

=== [[File:Britain_flag.png|x42px]] Norway ===

=== [[File:USA_flag.png|x42px]] Ruhr ===

=== [[File:France_flag.png|x42px]] Sicily ===

=== [[File:Germany_flag.png|x42px]] Stalingrad ===

=== [[File:Italy_flag.png|x42px]] Tunisia ===

=== [[File:Japan_flag.png|x42px]] Zhengzhou ===

== Ground Assault Mode ==
=== General Advices ===

It is recommended to bring vehicles with a good to decent rate of fire, and high damage. Armour may be helpful, but one shouldn't rely too much on it. Speed is also helpful for manoeuvering, especially on Ardennes, but slow tanks can still perform decently well. High penetration is optional: vehicles with low penetration are advised to flank.

'''Smoke Grenades & Smoke Shells'''

Shooting smoke shells or using smoke grenades around bots inside the square is heavily unadvised. It prevents other players from spotting and shooting AI. When using smoke grenade to take cover, it is recommended to back out of other teammates' lines of fire first. If the player is unable to retreat in such situation, it is recommended to consider respawning instead of using smoke grenades.

'''Fighters and Attackers'''

When getting the option to use a plane, it is unadvised to use it right away. AI aircraft don't generally pose a serious threat compared to AI tanks. However if the team lacks a SPAA to shoot the planes down, it still is heavily unadvised for a player to spawn a fighter during a "heavy" wave. It is more suited to spawn a bomber or an attacker in such situation while leaving the task of killing the enemy planes for a "lighter" wave.
Attack aircraft are also generally less effective than heavy bombers (bombs are generally more effective than rockets and guns). One should consider saving the points instead for a bomber.

'''Helicopters'''

Level 6 (8.3+) offers players the choice of using helicopters alongside their ground vehicles. While helicopters can be very effective at destroying ground vehicles, they remain vulnerable to either AI's tanks' machine guns or by SPAA which can spawn repeatedly and, as mentioned previously, they open fire from a considerable range. Due to the SPAA's stationary nature, it is advised to use guided Anti-Tank missiles to deal with SPAAs while one manoeuvres their helicopter to avoid fire. However due to the low ammunition count of ATGMs, this tactic can pose a problem when it comes to attacking tanks, as such it is advised to use unguided rockets, which helicopters can bring plentiful of, as well as Armour-Piercing ammunition for canons to engage tanks.
Helicopters are also able to reload without the need of returning to the airfield, such reload is affected

=== [[File:USA_flag.png|x42px]] [[Ardennes_(Ground_Forces)|Ardennes]] ===
[[File:Ardennes_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Ardennes_(Ground_Forces)|Ardennes]]]]
Ardennes offers a lot of options and cover: such advantage make it a favorite among players.

* Location 1 is a heavily recommended spot. It provides good hull-down cover as well as offering tanks flexibility in engagements due to its close proximity with the base.
* Location 2 is recommended for countering the eastern B waves.
* Locations 3 and 4 are able to counter the A northern waves, however players may find it more difficult to reach such position as well as not providing enough flexibility in engagements due to its remote location from the base.
* Location 5 is recommended to counter the western waves, however players can be left exposed to enemies coming from the southeast.
* Location 6 is only recommended if the player's vehicle has a strong turret armour in order to take advantage of the hull-down position.

=== [[File:Britain_flag.png|x42px]] [[Sinai|Sinai]] ===
[[File:Sinai_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Sinai|Sinai]]]]
Unlike Ardennes, Sinai is considered among the hardest maps among players. Cooperation is crucial due to the open terrain.

* Locations 5, 6, and 7 are heavily recommended since they can cover the most possible waves. It is also recommended to spawn as soon as possible at the start of the match due to the short time given to get to these places before the first wave: in case a player is unable to find cover when the first wave spawns, it is likely to get quickly sniped by the enemy tanks.
* Players that prefer to play safer or are unable to reach these locations on time, are recommended to go to location 1. However, the rocks nearby the base can become a nuisance when shooting at the enemy. Such place can also take very few players at the same time.
* Locations 2, 3, and 4 are very situational: due to the limited cover, players are advised to often relocate from such positions based on where the enemy waves are coming from.

=== [[File:USSR_flag.png|x42px]] [[Kursk_(Ground_Forces)|Kursk]] ===
[[File:Kursk_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Kursk_(Ground_Forces)|Kursk]]]]
Unlike other maps, enemies in Kursk only comes in a 180° arc instead of from all directions. However, the map offers very little cover outside of the base, therefore most of the advised locations are positioned inside the base.

* Location 1 allows players to counter A, B, and C paths while remaining hull-down.
* Location 5 is advised to flank the F path.

The other locations are defensive places. However, if the player's vehicle cannot penetrate enemies frontally, they are advised to charge out at the AI once they approach the base.

=== [[File:Germany_flag.png|x42px]] [[Mozdok_(Ground_Forces)|Mozdok]] ===
[[File:Mozdok_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Mozdok_(Ground_Forces)|Mozdok]]]]
Unlike Kursk, Mozdok offers a lot of cover for players to spread out, as such they are advised to take advantage of positions outside the base.

* Location 1 is strategically recommended to counter enemies coming from the North: in particular A, B, and G paths.
* Location 2 is the most versatile location. It will counter C and D, as well as allowing players to shoot at enemies coming from A, B, and G once they reach the base.
* Locations 3, 4, and 5 are situational, depending on where the enemies spawn. They are very exposed in some directions and should only be used as needed. Location 5 in particular is useful for countering D, E, and F.
* Location 6 is for countering E and F, they allow players to counter the north and southwestern paths quickly.
* Location 7 can be useful with enemies coming from A or G, however it leaves players exposed to enemies spawning at B or C.

=== [[File:Japan_flag.png|x42px]] [[Emperors_Garden_Map|Emperor's Garden]] ===
[[File:Emperors_Garden_(Assault Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Emperors_Garden_Map|Emperor's Garden]]]]
Due to the open nature of the map, Emperor's Garden is also considered among the hardest maps. However, unlike Sinai, the lack of considerable armour on Japanese tanks provides an advantage for players.

* The western waves (A) can be countered by having people at Locations 1, 2, and 3 . Locations 2 and 3 can also effectively counter the north-eastern waves (B).
* The southeastern wave (C) cannot be adequately dealt with from any of those locations, although from location 3, players can engage some of the tanks depending on the size of both the player’s and enemy’s tanks. Location 4 is heavily recommended to counter the southeastern wave. Players are also advised to prioritize that wave for air strikes.
* The eastern flank is a lot more open in nature, therefore there is no recommended location to effectively counter it.

=== [[File:France_flag.png|x42px]] [[Maginot_Line_(Ground_Forces)|Maginot Line]] ===
[[File:Maginot_Line_(Assault_Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Maginot_Line_(Ground_Forces)|Maginot Line]]]]

* Usually, enemies coming from path A pose serious threat, however players can effectively use location 1 to counter enemies coming down this path. This location also provides cover and allows players to go hull down against all the other waves, however players may require to shoot at moving targets over 1 km in order to maximize the use of this place against waves D, E, F, and G.
* Locations 2 and 3 are considerably difficult to reach, however they can provide decent cover with buildings. Players can effectively counter B and C from such position.
* Location 4 is the northern counterpart of 1. It is an excellent ambush location and can cover all the paths with exception of the A path.
* Location 5 incorporates excellent cover, through a channel dug in between some mounds, as well as being reasonably close to the base. Players using slow tanks are advised to use such position. However, enemies coming from G may pose a threat to players..
* The bunker in location 6 provides excellent cover. Its location inside the cap circle allows player to effectively resupply the player, as such it is a heavily recommended spot for players utilizing vehicles with an autoloader. However, players will have to change their position around the bunker according to the waves.

=== [[File:NATO_flag.png|x42px]] [[Fulda_(Ground_Forces)|Fulda Gap]] ===
[[File:Fulda_(Assault_Strat).png|right|thumb|x200px|Strategy for [[Fulda_(Ground_Forces)|Fulda]]]]

* Location 1 provides excellent cover, and can be used to engage and get flanking shots on the waves above the dotted red line. However, such location prevents players from engaging enemies coming from the south or southeast section of the map.
* The base, located at location 2, provides decent cover. However players will require a gun with high penetration in order to penetrate heavily armoured enemies such as Leopards 2A5 or M1A2.
* Location 3 lies directly underneath the flightpath of the enemy fighters, F-84s, equipped with Tiny Tims. It is the ideal location for SPAAs. It also is an excellent countering position for enemies coming from the south.

= Media =


;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|J1G4iGba5MA|'''The Shooting Range #226''' - ''Tips and tricks'' section at 08:05 discusses Assault air arcade.|TZRl4RvDmbE|'''The Shooting Range #193''' - ''Tips and tricks'' section at 08:17 discusses Assault ground arcade.}}

[[Category:Game_modes]]

IJN Ikoma

2022-12-21T22:22:44Z

U24811726: /* Armament */ 12" guns are PRE-great war

{{Specs-Card
|code=jp_armoredcruiser_ikoma
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (生駒, [[Abbreviations#.28JP.29_Naval|namesake]]: Mount Ikoma) is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese battlecruiser {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

The Ikoma is a peculiar ship in War Thunder, currently being the sole representative of an "armoured cruiser" design; a heavily-armed ship with guns of numerous calibres and a speed just fast enough to outrun most battleships of its era. Although the Japanese categorized the ship as a battlecruiser, it is anything but. The ship is slow and lacks any firepower compared to a proper battlecruisers of her era (such as the [[HMS Invincible]] or the [[SMS Von der Tann]]). However, being an armoured cruiser isn't entirely bad for the Ikoma, as the ship is smaller yet much more armoured than most WW2 cruisers, as well as packing heavy firepower capable of destroying those who underestimate her.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Ikoma has a typical armour scheme for an armoured cruiser of its era - thick armour protecting the vitals - a waterline belt of 178 mm of rolled cemented (face hardened) armour in the middle of the ship, and a 127 mm thick rolled cemented citadel above that protecting the casemated 6" guns, which themselves have 152 mm rolled cemented gunshields. The corners of the citadel are also 152 mm rolled cemented.

The main turrets and barbettes under them are 178 mm of rolled cemented, with 25 mm rolled homogeneous roofs. The 4.7" guns have 80 mm rolled cemented gunshields.

The waterline fore and aft of the main belt has a thinner belt of 102 mm cemented, conning towers are 203 mm rolled cemented at the front, and 152 mm at the rear, with 38 mm rolled homogeneous roofs.

There are 3 decks of 38 mm rolled homogeneous armour - the top 2 are horizontal, the bottom one has a "step" in it allowing a higher headroom in the engine rooms.

The 2 magazines are each fully enclosed by 38 mm rolled homogeneous plate.
Lastly there are 25 mm rolled homogeneous bulkheads covering the gap between the 2 main barbettes and the citadel fore and aft.
Coal bunkers line the unarmoured sides of the engine rooms.

By the standards of later times it is a complicated scheme, however it gives comprehensive protection against 6-8" guns of WW2 era cruisers.
The crew is 884 men, which is quite substantial, and they are well protected.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


The ship is extremely slow, and not very manoeuvrable. Acceleration and deceleration rates are not good, and it takes a considerable time to start turning.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

After researching Tool Kit and Fire Protection System, mobility upgrade should be your first priority as the stock Ikoma's speed and agility is severely lacking. Then you can either improve her gunnery or survivability. The AP shell for both the main and secondary guns can be left until all other modifications were researched due to their ineffectiveness.

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|12-inch/45 Vickers (305 mm)}}

The Ikoma features four 12-inch (305 mm) Vickers cannons as the main armament, mounted in a dual setup at the bow and stern each. The turrets have a rather poor traverse speed and handling, but with good protection.

Being large calibre guns, the Ikoma's shell choice is also considerably powerful for her battle rating. The default HE shell has ~38 kg of TNT equivalent filler. While the shell is relatively weak for its calibre, it is enough to cripple most enemy cruisers it hits. The researchable APC shell features high penetration at close range (345 mm at 5 km) but will lose its velocity at longer ranges, reducing its penetration power (to 229 mm at 10 km - on par with heavy cruisers with 203 mm guns) in the process. Due to this, the Ikoma will struggle against any capital ship it may have to face in uptiers.

As a pre-Great War design, the 305 mm gun's characteristics aren't exactly the best either, with a long reload time of 30 seconds (ace crew) and a mediocre dispersion radius.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 1,000 m !! 2,500 m !! 5,000 m !! 7,500 m !! 10,000 m !! 15,000 m
|-
| 12-inch HE || HE || 69 || 69 || 69 || 69 || 69 || 69
|-
| 12-inch APC || APC || 496 || 432 || 345 || 278 || 229 || 172
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (s)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (kg)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 12-inch HE || HE || 825 || 400.06 || 0 || 0.1 || 37.82 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 12-inch APC || APC || 825 || 400.06 || 0.035 || 17 || 13.64 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|6-inch/45 Type 41 (152 mm)|4,7-inch/40 Armstrong (120 mm)}}

The Ikoma has twelve 6-inch (152 mm) Type 41 cannons and twelve 4.7-inch (120 mm) Armstrong cannons as her secondary armaments. Being an armoured cruiser, six of these guns are distributed on the sponsons on each side of the ship, thus allowing up to twelve guns to be fired from the broadsides. Due to the quantity of the guns, the Ikoma can deal a considerable amount of additional damage to enemy cruisers and destroyers alike while the main gun is reloading.

The 152 mm guns have two shell choices; a default HE shell with surprisingly high filler of 5.28 kg of TNT equivalent, and a researchable APC shell with poor penetration of only 74 mm at 10 km. Thus, it is advised to only uses the HE shell instead.

Being such an antiquated guns does not come without downsides, however. Both guns suffer from the same downsides as the main guns; poor reload time of 12 seconds (ace crew), and having slow traverse and dispersion radius.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|3-inch/40 Type 41 (76 mm)}}

The "anti-air" armament of the Ikoma consists of four 3-inch (76 mm) Type 41 flak cannons, with a pair mounted on top of each of the main turrets.

These guns are effectively useless due to them being placed so close together, thus restricting the coverage to just the front of the turret facing, requiring the player to "aim" the guns with their slow main turrets at the aircraft to even get it onto target at the first place. Worse still, the guns have a very poor elevation of just 30 degrees upwards, rendering the ship defenseless against dive bombers.

To rub more salt into the wound, the guns only have a time-fuse shell with a tiny amount of explosive filler as their shell of choice, essentially dealing little to no damage to enemy aircraft. When combined with the slow-firing secondaries, this will also makes the Ikoma highly vulnerable against any fast PT boats that can effectively sneak past the defense and deal catastrophic damage with torpedoes.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|21 inch Type 43 (1910) (533 mm)|18 inch Type 38 No.2 B (450 mm)}}

The 21 inch Type 43 (1910) torpedo is a good weapon by the standards of 1910 when it was introduced. It carries a 130 kg Shimose warhead (143kg TNT equivalent) to a range of 8 km at 50 km/h. The warhead is small by later standards, and not likely to knock out a destroyer with one hit, let alone anything larger.

The Ikoma carries 2 fixed tubes - 1 facing to each broadside, and 17 reloads. The fixed tubes are located under the forward main turret, and are difficult to use since they are aimed by manoeuvring the ship - which is not easy to do as already noted.

The limitations are such that not carrying any torpedoes is a good choice - the SL you save is greater than any reward you might get.

== Usage in battles ==

The Ikoma is classed as a "battlecruiser" in War Thunder, probably because it was designated a battlecruiser by the Japanese from 1912. However it is too slow and unmanoeuvrable to be used as a "fast battleship" as battlecruisers are often considered.

It is better to consider it as the armoured cruiser it was designed as. There is no real modern counterpart to "armoured cruiser", so it is probably simplest to think of it as a slow heavy cruiser. In some respects it is comparable to the Deutschland-class "Panzerschiff" (e.g. the [[Admiral Graf Spee]]), especially in terms of the main armament being a small number of heavy guns. It can be played in a similar manner - mostly trying to "camp" somewhere protected from torpedoes and using the small number of heavy guns to score damaging hits on easy targets.

The slow rate of fire and small number of the main guns make them difficult to use against fast moving manoeuvring targets - they are best used against large targets that lack manoeuvrability such as heavy cruisers or larger. Light cruisers, destroyers, and smaller vessels can be attacked by controlling the secondary 6" and 4.7" guns - there are 6 of each on each broadside and they can make short work of smaller ships or boats.

It is often impossible to dodge torpedoes due to the sluggish manoeuvrability, so using islands as a shield from torpedoes is recommended where they are available.

There is no effective AA armament, and aircraft can easily come down to mast height to accurately deliver bombs, rockets or torpedoes. You can only hope the rest of your team has enough AA to provide some protection. The 3 armoured decks can absorb a lot of punishment from smaller bombs, but any armour piercing bombs, or anything from 1,000 lb/500 kg upwards will cause significant damage. At this BR, heavier bombs such as 1,800 kg, 4,000 lb and 5,000 kg are common loads, and can destroy the ship with 1 or 2 hits.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 12" main armament can wreck anything less than a battleship with a few hits
* Heavy secondary armament of 6" and 4.7" guns is sufficient to take out cruisers and destroyers
* Short profile, can be somewhat difficult to hit at longer ranges
* Heavy armour absorbs most damage from enemy guns and small-medium bombs

'''Cons:'''

* Abysmal top speed and mobility; very slow to turn or accelerate/decelerate - makes dodging torpedoes difficult
* Only 4 of the 12" guns with a very slow rate of fire (30 second when maxed)
* Secondary armaments have long reload time (12 second when maxed), further limiting the damage output
* Poor dispersion on both the main and secondary armaments, makes accurate shooting difficult against moving targets
* Effectively useless AA armaments, extremely vulnerable to any aircrafts and PT boats

== History ==

The ''Ikoma'' was the 2nd of the 2-ship ''Tsukuba'' class of armoured cruisers built by Japan. They were ordered as a result of the loss of 2 pre-dreadnought battleships to mines early in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, and were fairly standard armoured cruisers of the era, although their 12" gun main armament was heavier than others of that type. The design was rushed, and the class suffered from numerous defects during their service.

The ''Ikoma'' was laid down in March 1905, launched in April 1906, and commissioned in March 1908.

During WW1 it took part in the Japanese assault on Tsingtao in China, then escorted allied convoys in the south-west Pacific, being based in Hong Kong, Singapore and Townsville, Australia.

After the war it was scrapped to meet obligations of the Washington Naval Treaty, and removed from the navy list in September 1923.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=jp_armoredcruiser_ikoma Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer Kure Naval Arsenal}}
{{Japan battlecruisers}}

Skink

2022-11-15T23:45:12Z

U24811726: /* History */ Add comment about combat use, also grammatical changes to previous text which might not have been written by a native English speaker.

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_skink_aa
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Drone Age"]].

A British and Canadian project for a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun to protect their armoured force, the Skink was a step above the [[Crusader AA Mk II|Crusader AA options]] with four 20 mm autocannons in an enclosed mount. While the Skink never got a chance to shoot down an enemy aircraft during World War II, players would have the chance to light up the skies to shoot down enemy pilots.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Overall, the Skink offers a protection similar to the Sherman. Based on the Sherman itself, only the turret offers a lower protection than its medium tank cousin. Compared to SPAAs at this rank, this will offer a much higher survivability thanks to the armour thickness close to a medium tank at this rank, since the crew is completely protected inside the tank. The roof of the tank itself is still fairly thick and can resist 12.7 mm MG rounds from above, which makes it a rather hard target for strafing aircraft. Only heavy aircraft guns, direct rocket hits, and bombs can actually destroy it.

Against ground targets, the Skink will not be that well protected. Ar this BR, most tanks will have little difficulty penetrating this level of armour even at some distance. It would not be the best choice to fight against the ground targets. The protection remains good enough against HMGs and most 20 mm guns. Some lighter vehicles might also have difficulty to penetrate the Skink. Against vehicles at a lower battle rating, the front might be protected enough to take the hit of a 75 mm or 76.2 mm gun once in a while. The side is very flat and offers just enough protection against WW2 autocannons. Any tank gun could easily penetrate the sides.

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (hull and turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 50.8 mm (30-50°) ''Front Glacis'' 50.8 mm (0-34°) ''Transmission cover'' || 50.8 mm front quater 38.1 mm all the rest || 38.1 mm (13°) lower part 38.1 mm upper part || 19.5 mm
|-
| Turret ||50.8 mm (round) gun's mantle 38 - 57 mm (variable thickness) front || 38.1 mm || 25 mm|| 38 mm front half 24 mm rear half
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* 19.5 mm neck guard protect the turret transverse
* 5 mm mudgard
* 20 mm track
* 20 mm track are attached on the side of the turret

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

The Skink has mobility comparable to that of the M4 Sherman variants. It has average forward mobility, but a poor reverse gear.

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=568|rbMinHp=354}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Polsten (20 mm)}}

The 20 mm Polsten cannons have a decent rate of fire, as well as a good muzzle velocity.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Polsten (20 mm)|20 mm Polsten]] (x4) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 1,920 (30) || rowspan="2" | 450 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+77° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 55.5 || 76.8 || 93.2 || 103.1 || 109.7 || rowspan="2" | 5.20 || rowspan="2" | 4.60 || rowspan="2" | 4.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 37.5 || 44.1 || 53.6 || 59.2 || 63.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''HET:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary}}
* '''APT:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 42 || 38 || 26 || 16 || 10 || 6
|-
| HET || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
| APT || 42 || 38 || 26 || 16 || 10 || 6
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 20 mm AP-T || AP-T || 830 || 0.14 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| 20 mm HEFI-T || HEFI-T || 838 || 0.12 || 0 || 0.1 || 5 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 20 mm HEF-I || HEF-I || 838 || 0.12 || 0 || 0.1 || 6 || N/A || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''64''' || 48 ''(+16)'' || 36 ''(+28)'' || 24 ''(+40)'' || 12 ''(+52)'' || 0 ''(+64)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Ammunition is modeled as 4 clips of 30 rounds each.
* 64 clips of 30 rounds represent 1,920 rounds.
* The Skink has 5 ammo racks, all stored in the hull. Every rack contains 12 clips, with an additional 4 belts already loaded in the guns when the game begins. Magazines deplete by sets of 4.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

The Skink has a single hull-mounted L3A1 machine gun. Due to its low range of traverse, as well as its lackluster damage, it is useless for dealing damage to the enemy unless they are open-topped. It is best used to clear out obstacles which may block your line of sight.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Hull || 2,000 (250) || 500 || +15°/-5° || -10°/+5°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Skink's anti-air capability is very good, however, at its BR, it is inadequate for taking out most ground vehicles it faces, with the exception of light tanks and other SPAA. For shooting down enemy aircraft, be sure to let them come to you, and fire only when you are confident you can land a hit. If you spray them from too far away, most aircraft will likely avoid your general location so as to not get shot down. Make sure to not let the enemy aircraft know where you are, and surprise them with a devastating burst once they come in range.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 5 crew members, difficult to knock out in one pass
* M4A1 chassis and closed turret provide protection against autocannons, HMGs, and overpressure damage from bombs and rockets
* Excellent turret traverse and elevation speed
* 4 x 20 mm cannons do excellent damage against aircraft and lightly armoured vehicles
* Short reload time
* Plenty of ammo

'''Cons:'''

* Average mobility
* Short ammo belt
* Cannons overheat quickly with continuous fire
* Poor anti-tank capabilities, can only engage lightly-armoured targets

== History ==

The Skink AA tank was a series of experimental anti-aircraft tanks founded and developed by the British War Office but built in Canada. Ordered in 1944, the first 2 prototypes were ready in late 1944. One was kept in Canada and the 2nd was shipped to the United kingdom for further testing. The chassis was a Canadian-built M4A1, and development was done in partnership between Canada and the United kingdom. An additional prototype was built in 1945 with Hispano-Suiza 20 mm gun instead of Polstens like the first 2 prototypes. 8 additional Skink turrets were built but never mounted on the chassis. The 3rd prototype and 4th prototype were almost ready to be assembled and intended for the United kingdom, waiting in port to be loaded on a ship by 1945.

The development of the Skink was based on the perception by the British image of the Luftwaffe's efficiency and accuracy from early in the war. This perception still very present in 1944, and the British army used a large number of SPAAs. Many were truck based with 20 mm Polsten or Oerlikon (single or up to 4 guns) and 40 mm Bofors, to provide the ground units with close air defence against potential German close air support during the late periods of WW2. For this reason, a initial planned order of 130 Skinks was made. But as history shows, this fear was unfounded, as the German aviation was now unable to effectively support the units on the ground. The end of WW2 and the fact that the German did not have the aviation it once had anymore put an end the the Skink project.

The 2nd prototype of the Skink arrived in Lulworth where it was tested in the British armoured school. The trials went on and several minor modifications were made to polish the design. such as the replacement of the Canadian gun sight (either damaged or considered insufficient) by a naval holographic sight. Serial modifications were made such as the guns needing belt feed instead of magazine,s and the standardization of the British 21st army who requested that the guns needed to be either 20 mm Oerlikon or Polsten instead of the Hispano-Suiza as the Canadians wanted. The Polsten and Oerlikon, while being weaker than the Hispano-Suiza, was using the same ammo and was making it easier to supply whereas the Hispano-Suiza was using a different ammunition who wasn't standard in the army. This delayed the production of several months and the situation having changed in Europe, the order of 130 tanks was cancelled officially in August 1945.

The Skink sent to the UK was used in combat by various First Canadian Army units in Europe during February and Match 1945. No aircraft were encountered, but it proved a useful anti-infantry weapon.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_skink_aa Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7833-development-skink-the-bird-eating-lizard-en|[Devblog] Skink: The Bird-eating Lizard]]
* https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/560390-tank-aa-20-mm-quad-skink-polsten-tk-1001/

{{Britain anti-aircraft vehicles}}

T-55AM-1

2022-01-15T08:32:33Z

U24811726: /* General info */ removing a couple of superfluous words - grammatical improvement

{{About
| about = Soviet medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-54/55 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_55_am
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=6385
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced as a [[wt:en/news/5712-shop-pre-order-bundles-and-packs-for-major-update-1-81-en|premium pack]] in [[Update 1.81 "The Valkyries"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


The T-55, which this tank was based upon, used exclusively rolled homogeneous armour, which proved to useless against advanced chemical warheads. The Soviet Union, in an attempt to modernize and extend the service life of the T-55, conceived the AM-1 upgrade kit for the tank. The upgrade kit consists bolted-on blocks of metal-polymer plates, which are essentially plates of metal sandwiching polymer fillings. This solution was cheap and easy to implement, though its effectiveness was debatable. Compared to the original T-55A, the armour protection was greatly improved, but still prove to be insufficient against certain weapons.

The turret cheeks are fitted with the add-on metal-polymer blocks, which grants immunity to every HEAT warhead in-game except the HOT missiles. The Leopard's 120mm HEAT-FS occasionally penetrates the cheeks, and in that case, very minimal damage is caused. The turret armour against APDS is highly effective, given that the projectile impacts the add-on armour. However, the armour is mostly useless against APFSDS, and in case of penetration, will cause extensive damage. The add-on armour on the upper front plate is somewhat effective as it can nullify HEAT warheads with less than 450mm penetration. Most APFSDS will seamlessly penetrate the hull. Most APDS will bounce.

Do note that the gun breech area is very poorly protected by some 200mm of cast homogeneous armour, making its protection useless against everything. So do try to angle your turret by facing your cheeks. When doing so, use the right side of your turret to "catch" rounds, as even if it penetrates, only your loader will be knocked out, so no big deal.

Also note that the add-on armour block can be blown off your tank. For example, HOT missiles will have very high chance of taking off armour, and direct hit from artillery shell (assuming it hits the armour and doesn't destroy you) will take off the armour.

In regards to ammo storage, your ready rack is stored within your fuel tank. This wet ammo storage will prevent ammo detonation from HEAT, but a well placed APFSDS will nonetheless cause ammo cook-off.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Gun mantlet)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 100* mm (59°) ''Front glacis'' 100 mm (56°) ''Lower glacis'' || 80 mm || 45 mm (16°) ''Upper'' 20 mm (71°) ''Lower'' || 30 mm 20 mm ''Hatches'' 45 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || 130-200* mm (0-75°) || 90-160 mm (9-62°) || 66 mm (4-41°) || 30 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 100 mm (conical) ''Base'' 30 mm (spherical) ''Hatch'' || 100 mm (conical) ''Base'' 30 mm (spherical) ''Hatch''
|-
|}

'''Notes:'''

* Suspensions wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick
* Front belly armour is 20 + 20 mm thick, with the rest of the belly armour being just 20 mm thick.
*<nowiki>*</nowiki> - Composite armour present

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,069|rbMinHp=610}}

The mobility is only bested by the [[XM-1 (GM)|XM-1]]. It will out-run most, if not all, its friendlies and adversaries. Its pivoting capabilities are comparable to the very capable neutral steering system on the [[Leopard A1A1 (L/44)|Leopard L/44]]. The tank will reach around 30-40 km/h off-road, and -10 km/h in reverse. The so-called "stabilized" gun is only operable reliably under 35 km/h.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|D-10T2S (100 mm)}}

The 100 mm rifled gun seems like an oddity at this BR, not in its calibre or whatnot, but its unparalleled versatility. The gun can fire APDS, APFSDS, HEAT-FS, HE, APHE, ATGM and smoke. In fact, it can fire every type of munition available in-game with the exception of HESH. Though very versatile, it is quite useless as the APDS, APFSDS and HEAT-FS are terribly under-performing compared to its adversaries. The only offensive munition worth carrying is the APHE and ATGM. The APHE (APCBC) is extremely capable. It '''will''' destroy most bad guys your face with one shot, given proper shot placement and successful penetration. At this rank, most your opponents are poorly armoured, like the [[Leopard I|Leopard 1]], [[MBT-70|MBT]]/[[KPz-70]] and XM-1, so the 200mm penetration on the APHE will penetrate and will result in the instant destruction of your enemies.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[D-10T2S (100 mm)|100 mm D-10T2S]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -5°/+16° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 14.28 || 19.76 || 24.00 || 26.55 || 28.24 || rowspan="2" | 11.05 || rowspan="2" | 9.78 || rowspan="2" | 9.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.92 || 10.50 || 12.75 || 14.10 || 15.00
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| 3BM-8 || APDS || 299 || 298 || 291 || 272 || 253 || 249
|-
| BR-412D || APCBC || 239 || 236 || 220 || 202 || 186 || 170
|-
| 3BM25 || APFSDS || 335 || 330 || 307 || 290 || 275 || 260
|-
| 3BK17M || HEATFS || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390 || 390
|-
| OF-412 || HE || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19 || 19
|-
| 9M117 || ATGM || 600 || 600 || 600 || 600 || 600 || 600
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| 3BM-8 || APDS || 1,415 || 4.13 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| BR-412D || APCBC || 887 || 15.9 || 1.2 || 19 || 93.94 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| 3BM25 || APFSDS || 1,430 || 3.4 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 76° || 77° || 80°
|-
| 3BK17M || HEATFS || 1,085 || 9.96 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 1,440 || 65° || 72° || 77°
|-
| OF-412 || HE || 900 || 15.6 || 0 || 0.1 || 1,460 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| 9M117 || ATGM || 370 || 18.8 || 0.05 || 0.1 || 4,620 || 80° || 82° || 90°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke shell characteristics
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity (m/s)
! Projectile Mass (kg)
! Screen radius (m)
! Screen deploy time (s)
! Screen hold time (s)
! Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
|-
| 3D3 || 880 || 15.6 || 20 || 5 || 25 || 272
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x200px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 41 ''(+1)'' || 37 ''(+5)'' || 33 ''(+9)'' || 21 ''(+21)'' || 19 ''(+23)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || No
|-
|}

* Rack 6 is a first-stage ammo rack

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DShK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DShK]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 300 (50) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The {{PAGENAME}} is a tank that [[T-55A]] users are familiar with, but now with extra features such as:

* The ammo option of a gun-launched 9M117 missile
* Composite armour added to the front of the hull and turret
* More powerful engine
* Smoke grenades availability

Aside from these differences, the usage of the {{PAGENAME}} will be quite similar to any T-54/55 tank models in the Soviet tech tree.

;Offensive

Using the {{PAGENAME}} in the offensive role is ideal given the technical characteristics of the tank. The relatively low profile construction of the tank, plus the added composite armour at the front, can make the {{PAGENAME}} more likely to survive a contested battlefield. The stabilised 100 mm gun also gives a nice, steady field of view at selected enemy target to engage while moving. However, one should take care not to be hit as despite the composite armour additions to the tank, they only have significant effect against chemical rounds (with an effective protection of around 450 mm), and its effect on kinetic rounds is negligible enough that even APDS rounds on certain tanks can pierce the hull at closer ranges.

When moving towards the enemy, try to utilise the terrain for cover to protect the vulnerable parts of the hull. Only the front have the added composite armour so make sure these are presented so to maximize survival should the {{PAGENAME}} be hit. Avoid traveling over hills when moving, as the -5 degree gun depression restricts the {{PAGENAME}}'s firing arc. Focus on going around obstacles in a manner that the gun can be brought to bear while eliminating any possible exposure of the side armour. The gun should always be pointed where the enemy is expected to be coming, as the traverse speed is slow and can be detrimental when reacting to a surprise encounter.

For the attack, the {{PAGENAME}} should try not to be in the lead due to the spotty armour design, but it should follow a squad where a lead tank attracts the enemy gun fire, and the {{PAGENAME}} supports the lead tank by firing at its opposition while repositioning to a good firing angle. The higher mobility of the {{PAGENAME}} also means the tank could also attempt a wide flanking manoeuvre around the battlefield and hit the enemy's sides.

;Defence

Defence can be done with the {{PAGENAME}}, though the options are limited as it is difficult to take up ideal hull-down positions due to both the -5 degree gun depression and weaker turret armour even with the composite (although the gun mantlet may cause incoming shells to ricochet at the cost of the gun modules). The ideal way to use the {{PAGENAME}} in the defensive is to hide behind larger covers such as buildings and wait for the enemy to attempt to cross into the 100 mm gun's path. The variety of ammunition available allows the {{PAGENAME}} to deal with a variety of enemy threats, such as an APCBC-HE round to penetrate and explode behind delicate side armour, and the 9M117 missile for longer-ranged targets.

No matter the case, the most important aspect to consider when choosing a cover position to fire from is how fast the {{PAGENAME}} can acquire and fire at targets, as the turret's slow traverse rate and the gun's rather slow reload rate can mean a significant amount of down time if shot is missed and the enemy continues speeding down the firing line. Also be wary of enemies that are aware of the {{PAGENAME}}'s position and attempt to root it out via flanking or aerial attacks, so keep an exit strategy to quickly egress from the area.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to APFSDS ammunition and ATGM.
* One of the few top rank tanks with APHE, great for single-shot knock-outs.
* Favourable matchmaking that won't face top rank tanks.
* Respectable mobility.
* Laser rangefinder enables long range targeting.
* Decent armour, especially vs chemical munitions.
* Roof-mounted DShK 12.7 mm MG is great for taking out low flying helicopters.
* Wet ammo storage in the front fuel tank may prevent ammo detonation.
* Adequate back-up for a top-rank Soviet line-up, as it can even take out an Abrams in a single blow with an APHE shell, given proper shot placement.

'''Cons:'''

* Armour is completely ineffective against APFSDS and 120 mm APDS.
* Below average reload time, many enemies will have a faster reload.
* Poor reverse speed that won't help get out of dangerous situations.
* The Rheinmetall 120 mm HEATFS and most high-penetration ATGMs will go clean through its armour.
* Ammo stored all around the Hull, a penetration will most likely result in an ammo detonation.
* Rather weak APFSDS.
* Doesn't have access to thermal optics.

== History ==


The T-54/55 went on a modernization program in the late 70s and mid 80s, featuring mainly an increase in combat capacity to fight against more modern tanks, and newer, more powerful ammunition. This resulted in the T-55AM, with major upgrades in all departments, mainly firepower and protection.

;Firepower

The T-55AM features the "Volna" Fire Control System, an upgrade to the Gunner Main Purpose Sight, ballistics computer, horizontal and vertical guidance mechanisms. The first modification made to the T-55AM regarding "Volna" was the addition of the TShSM-32PV GPS. The main difference of the TShSM-32PV with the TSh2B-32P (past sight of the T-55A) is its targeting capabilities. The T-55AM had the 1K13-2 sight, meaning it got missile firing capabilities. This sight was mounted on top of the main gun just above the first portion of the barrel, close to the turret mantlet. Inside, the 1K13-2 was mounted right next to the GPS. This also replaced the TPN-1-22-11 night vision GPS, the sight that was used in previous T-54 and 55 models, more specifically T-54B and T-55A. 1K13-2 was a slightly improvement over the TPN-1-22-11 sight as it had greater zooming in day and night mode and enhanced image quality on night mode but since it was not part of the "Volna" FCS, its capabilities were somewhat limited.

The T-55AM also got an improvement ballistics-wise, featuring a 100 mm D-10T2 rifled gun with thermal sleeve and bore extractor, the first cannon of this calibre with this technology fielded in Russian service.

;Ammunition

The T-55AM kept the same firing capabilities of the ammunition fired by previous models, including HE, APCBC, APCR, APDS, HEAT-FS, shrapnel and a new steel core APFSDS-T. Steel core was the most rudimentary and unused core in dart ammunition, primarily due to the fact that it had less density, brittleness and hardness numbers were lower than tungsten carbide. This round is the 3UBM7 round which contained the 3BM19 dart. It is unclear as to why full steel alternatives were made at the time (T-62 also had steel core darts) despite the existence of fielded tungsten carbide core darts like the 3BM20. Strangely enough, the 3BM19 was not tagged as a practice round but a combat round. 3BM19 and 20 shared the same case, propellant, fins, cap, tracer and sabot but different core, for this reason, despite both travelling at the same speed, the penetration capabilities were different as the densities of tungsten and steel are significantly different.

;Protection

The T-55AM kept the same turret and hull design with its complex range of sloping angles that ensured that the height of the turret had an equal thickness in steel. The cause of this was to withstand full calibre rounds such as APCBC and APCR. The T-55AM features the BDD "Metal-Polymer Armour" (no official name was given). It had what is known as "Brows" (like eye brows) which covered the whole 140° frontal arc of turret and glacis and covered the turret critical components at 30° in a side angle, still less protected. The block had a thickness of 500 mm when measured from center (the thickest part of the block including the air gap). The armour package starts with a relatively thin armour layer at the bottom and gradually grows as it progresses upwards, this was to compensate the turret's round shape. At the bottom of the armour block is where the cast turret armour is the thickest but the block is the thinest and gradually increases and decreases in an equal ratio towards the top. The block itself was 280 mm thick with two different obliquities: at the top half, the armour is angled in a 30°. The bottom half is angled at 15°. This package is also seen in the T-62M although the geometry is different as turret shape varies as well as the air gap between the block and the turret. This air layer is a critical component when facing KE (kinetic energy penetrators, mainly subcalibre rounds like APFSDS) and CE (chemical energy penetrators also known as super plastic jets seen in HEAT warheads). When facing KE, this air layer helps fracture the rod. Due to the stress made on the rod while penetrating the BDD block, the rod acquires a "mushroom" tip shape since it erodes the armour (this does not happen with depleted uranium cores, only with steel and tungsten carbide cores). The rod expands and loses firmness, wobbling inside the armour. When it meets the air layer, it shatters and deforms (often acquiring a 'J' shape) reducing the penetration which will then be stopped by the inner cast armour of the turret. When facing CE, the air layer disrupts with the remaining jet which penetrated the block by making it expand and scatter as well as losing velocity, reducing the overall effectiveness of the jet which can then be stopped by the cast turret.

The hull was also improved with the same type of armour added on top of the standard T-55 frontal plate. It added a 150 mm add-on BDD plate angled at 60° following the same hull armour obliquity. Due to the increased weight, the T-55AM got multiple upgrades regarding suspension, more in concrete tracks and engine. The OMSh tracks were replaced by the RMSh tracks, shown in the first models of the T-55A which had an internat rubber plate sandwiched between steel plates to increase durability. This made the tracks capable of withstanding more weight and roughness in terrain without losing traction, sinking or flipping. It kept the same dimension of the past OMSh tracks. It also carried a 420 hp V-55U engine.

'''T-55AM-1'''

The suffix "-1" was added to later models which featured the 691 hp V-46-5M engine, a derivation of the T-72's 780 hp V-46-6 engine.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_55_am Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|B6ZsuPjSuNo|'''T-54/T-55 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:06 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|JarjjjncdWY|'''Should You Buy The {{PAGENAME}}?''' - ''Sako Sniper''|SkFwQIxspos|'''Premium Vehicles: {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''|Kq1KDHVjz9w|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Tank Review''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[T-62 (Family)]]

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR medium tanks}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}

[[Category:ATGM vehicles]]

M-802

2021-12-28T23:49:17Z

U24811726: /* Pros and cons */ No longer spawns with DD's - with coastal fleet spawns now...

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_escort_typem1943
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{Specs|rank}} German sub-chaser {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]] with the fleet release into Open Beta Test.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}


The {{PAGENAME}} is a very large craft with relatively little armour for it's size. Each of the 105mm gun mounts are in a casemated shelter with 8 mm's of anti-fragmentation armour. Both 37mm FlaK C/36 mounts are protected by 8 mm hardened steel armoured gunshields, with the 20mm mountings all having 12 mm hardened steel gun shields. Hullwise, the Type M is much more lacking, featuring 10mm rolled homogenous armoured plating only around the bridge and boiler-room.

The Type M features a crew compliment of 107 sailors, which allows the vessel to take a battering from normal munitions with relatively little issue, though fires and explosions will quickly cause crew to die. With its torpedo tubes, depth charges, and ammunition racks being entirely unarmoured, these aformentioned fires and explosions can occur quickly aboard vessels with foolhardy commanders, leading to rapid sinking of the vessel due to hull breaches and crew loss. The guns, while susceptible to larger caliber munitions, will usually survive being targeted by PT boats, as their spacing across the ship makes them relatively difficult to completely disable.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Being a coal fired vessel, the Type M is relatively slow in its course. With a maximum speed of 31 km/h in a straight line, and 821 tonnes of displacement to contend with, the ship is not quick to accelerate or come to a stop. Its base rudder turning time of 5.4 seconds also leaves much to be desired in its turning, with course correction often involving 3 point turns compared to the PT boats it spawns near.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|10.5 cm SK C/32 (105 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with a primary armament of two 105 mm SK C/32 cannons. With 100 shells per gun for a grand total of 200 rounds aboard the ship, and access to 2 types of HE and a Time Fuzed HE shell, they are effective anti-PT boat weapons. Fights against destroyers are also possible with these weapons, though care is needed to avoid their return fire.

With a four second reload on such a large caliber munition, an 8°/s traverse rate, and access to high explosive with base fuze ammunition, hits to most non-destroyer vessels will cause massive damage, oftentimes instantly destroying a compartment and occasionally one-shotting PT boats. Mounted fore and aft aboard the vessel, their firing angles are superb for all forms of engagement, and ballistic performance is par for the course for the 105mm guns ingame.

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|3.7 cm FlaK-Lafette C/36 (37 mm)}}

The Type M's secondaries are it's two 37mm FlaK C/36 mounts, fore and aft on the superstructure. Mounted above and behind the main guns, one afront the bridge and one behind the funnel, with good firing arcs, these guns make quick work of PT boats and incoming aircraft at medium to close ranges. Letting the AI control them is usually sufficient for most situations, though manual control can be taken to dispatch pesky enemies getting too close for comfort with more speed than trying to rotate the main guns. Though access to mainly HE and mainly APT belts is available, the default Universal belt offers a good balance of the two shells and is the primary ammunition of choice for these guns.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|2 cm/65 C/38 (20 mm)|2 cm/65 Flakvierling 38 (20 mm)}}

Strung along the top of the bridge and tail-end of the superstructure, the Type M's anti-aircraft armament consists of 20 mm FlaK 38 mounts. Featuring one Flakvierling above and amidships of the rear 105, and two double mounts atop the bridge, the 20 mm's have full coverage of the ship, though all 3 cannot be brought to bare on any target but aircraft above the vessel. There are no customizable belts for these guns, though manual control of the Flakvierling will still remove all but armoured PT boats at any range below a kilometer nearly instantly. Against aircraft, the true effective range is under 2 kilometers when controlled by the AI gunners.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|G7a (533 mm)|WBG depth charge}}

Being a subchaser, the Type M does have access to two 533 mm G7a torpedoes, though they are fixed in position in two deck-mounted tubes firing to either front side of the ship. With a maximum speed of 56 km/h in the water and a 14 km range, they are effective against destroyers and cruisers, and their 280 kg charge of SW39a deals a significant amount of damage on a hit.

The Type M is also equipped with depth charges as a supplicant to its torpedo armament. 4 WBG depth charges with 100 kg's of TNT a peice are mounted on launchers to either side of the rear 37mm, with 2 firing to each side. Their high weight means they land relatively close to the vessel, meaning they are only effective at destroying torpedoes approaching amidships or PT boats making close runs against the side of the vessel.

== Usage in battles ==


Being such a large vessel with a PT boat spawn, and at a relatively high BR for PT's, the {{PAGENAME}} makes itself a massive target for 40mm gunfire from opposing vessels, which can quickly incapacitate the ship and detonate its ammunition stores. As such, playing the Type M with a mind towards solid cover is an absolute must. Hiding behind island tips with the 105 mm guns exposed allows for protection of the ammunition and torpedo launchers, preventing easy kills for the enemy. Her strong secondary and anti-air armament means that planes are of relatively little threat provided you keep an eye to the sky and engage them when spotted. The AA and secondary guns also allow for last minute countering of PT boats that managed to sneak up on you., which can happen quite often with the Type M's low speed. If possible, avoid bringing the torpedoes and depth charges into any serious matches, as though they can be useful in certain situations, their high likelihood of detonation leaves little point in the tradeoff outside of Enduring Confrontation matches.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Adequate armament including multiple 2 cm Flakvierlings and two hard-hitting 105 mm cannons
** Highly-effective anti-aircraft suite that is ideal for closer ranges (below 2 km)
* Multi-compartment design prevents quick sinking to small caliber fire
* Good survivability for a ship of it's size, with a large crew count
** Engine compartment is protected by armour and coal bunkers, meaning that it is hard to knock out
* Can carry torpedoes to deal with heavier targets which it cannot outgun
* Coastal fleet spawn means can get into combat with smaller vessels faster than previous spawn location.

'''Cons:'''

* Survivability is compromised by the unarmoured hull and open gunmounts which offer little protection
** Crew compliment is used up in relatively exposed positions
* Incredibly slow, with a top speed of just 26 km/h in RB - this boat will take a while to get anywhere!
* AA suite is composed of small-calibre weapons which are ineffective at longer ranges
* Relatively small main armament (two guns) means the ship will be outgunned by most ships at it's BR (including many destroyers)

== History ==


The "{{PAGENAME}}", really the Minensuchboot (Minesweeper) 1943, was a class of minesweeping subchaser developed by the German Navy as a simplified but enlarged version of the Minensuchboot 1940. Featuring a unique design of hull and improved firepower over it's predecessor, the 1943 proved to be an effective vessel, with some remaining in service into the 1960s.

Designed around simplifying production, construction of the 1943 was not limited to shipyards entirely. The design of the vessel called for 8-10 pieces of hull that could be created in regular factories and transported by train to a shipyard where final assembly would commence. From these pieces, the 7 segments of the boat would be constructed and finally fitted out. Due to this construction method, the 1943 only took an average of 8 weeks to completely construct, and was done so at a much cheaper cost. Final fitting out was completed in the Rostock and Koenigsberg shipyards exclusively. Of the 18 vessels built, all were coal fired due to lack of oil for other types of boilers, though some were converted to oil firing postwar in their other roles.

Though some were sold to civilians postwar, to be used as ferries and trawlers, 1 was retained by the German Navy and received periodic upgrades before being scrapped. The remaining vessels went to the British and Americans as war plunder and were scrapped soon after.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer Schichau-Werke}}
{{Germany sub-chasers}}
{{Germany premium ships}}

Panther II

2021-11-16T00:43:36Z

U24811726:

{{About
| about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other tanks of the family
| link-1 = Panther tank (Family)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = Panther (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_panther_II
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before [[Update 1.41]] as a main tree vehicle, however, as of [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]] it was shifted to become a gift vehicle for players who previously owned it.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 100 mm (55-56°) ''Front plate'' 60 mm (50°) ''Lower glacis'' || 60 mm (30°) ''Top'' 60 mm ''Bottom'' || 40 mm (29-33°) || 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 120 mm (20-21°)''Turret front'' 300 mm ''Gun Mantlet'' || colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | 60 mm (25°) || 30 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 100 mm (57°) || 100 mm (33°) ''Outer ring'' 30 mm ''Centre''
|-
|}
Notes:

* Suspension wheels, tracks and torsion bars are 20 mm thick.
* Side skirts are 5 mm thick and act as additional protection against explosive warhead
* Part of the hull is covered by tracks, adding additional 20 mm of armour

The armour on this variant has better frontal and side armour than the [[Panther F]], which will protect you against the weaker guns at this BR but it won't hold up when facing higher calibre guns such as the [[M3 (90 mm)]], [[D-25T (122 mm)]] and [[20pdr OQF Mk.I (84 mm)]] that you will likely meet at this rank. The best tactic to survive is to not get hit by an enemy attacker, as the crew is quite cramped and will typically be disabled with one well-placed shot. Also, the Panther II can angle its hull slightly more, unlike the other Panthers, which can provide greater protection.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,395|rbMinHp=796}}

As with all Panthers, this tank has excellent mobility both on and off road. One notable difference between the {{PAGENAME}} and the other Panthers is its reverse speed. Comparing to a max -4 km/h reverse speed on the rest of the Panthers, the Panther II provides a -12 km/h reverse speed, which can help a lot in battles.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK43 (88 mm)}}

The Panther II boasts the excellent 88 mm KwK 43 with its notably punchy PzGr 39/43 shell, with a reload speed comparable to that of the [[Tiger II (P)|Tiger II]]. Thus, it represents a threat for every tank on the battlefield, even at long ranges. Its rather poor gun handling, however (7.1°/s turret rotation on a stock tank with a level 1 crew) means close-quarters engagements and particularly urban combat should be avoided if possible. This can be somewhat remedied by its ability to neutral steer to acquire a firing solution faster. The optimal ammo loadout is 15 rounds, since it eliminates the ammo racks at the sides of the hull, while still providing a decent quantity of ammunition. It is not recommended to load anything other than PzGr 39/43 shells since it can readily hull break most opponents that have such a feature and it provides consistent ballistic characteristics, while still maintaining a fairly good penetration against sloped armour.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK43 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 11.4 || 15.8 || 19.2 || 21.2 || 22.6 || rowspan="2" | 11.05 || rowspan="2" | 9.78 || rowspan="2" | 9.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10.2 || 11.3 || 12.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| PzGr 39/43 || APCBC || 237 || 234 || 222 || 207 || 194 || 181
|-
| PzGr 40/43 || APCR || 279 || 273 || 252 || 227 || 205 || 185
|-
| Hl.Gr 39 || HEAT || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110
|-
| Sprgr.43 || HE || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| PzGr 39/43 || APCBC || 1,000 || 10.16 || 1.2 || 14 || 108.8 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| PzGr 40/43 || APCR || 1,130 || 7.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| Hl.Gr 39 || HEAT || 600 || 7.64 || 0 || 0.3 || 1,100 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Sprgr.43 || HE || 820 || 9.4 || 0 || 0.1 || 1,000 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 42 ''(+8)'' || 34 ''(+16)'' || 26 ''(+24)'' || 18 ''(+32)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 5 ''(+45)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
Note:

* Racks 6 & 7 are ready-racks.



=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

The Panther II's coaxial 7.92 mm MG 34 is rather anaemic, and thus, not very versatile. It won't pose much of a threat to any vehicle that doesn't have exposed crew members, and it won't do much damage to aircraft. It can, however, be used to highlight enemy vehicles to friendlies, but it comes with the risk of alerting enemies of an enemy vehicle.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (150) || 900 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Panther II is a medium tank that performs in many roles. With its powerful gun, it can very effectively take out opponents at its battle rating at both close and long ranges. The turret traverse is slow, which makes close-quarters engagements and urban combat difficult. But, this can be made up for by careful positioning and the use of the tank's neutral steering. The gun has a fairly standard gun depression and a good reload. All in all, the Panther II's armament is decent.

The Panther II is also armed with a 7.92 mm machine gun. This won't do much damage to any enemies except those with exposed crew members. And, it won't do much damage to enemy aircraft. However, it is still useful for spotting enemies and notifying teammates of their presence.

The vehicle's mobility is also quite good. Reverse speed is much better than that of the earlier Panthers, which makes peeking out from behind cover to fire much more viable. On both roads and terrain, the tank is able to reach a respectable top speed, and in general, the mobility is quite nice, and is suited for both crossing the map to reach favourable positions and for close-quarters brawling.

As for armour, the Panther II's protection is the same as that of the [[Panther F]]. It can protect against most small-calibre guns, but won't hold up against larger guns such as those found on the enemy's medium and heavy tanks. The best survival tactic, as usual, is to avoid being hit entirely. The crew compartment (and the turret especially) is quite cramped, and the Panther II can take debilitating damage from even one shot. Many enemies will aim to hit the Panther's turret cheeks, since a hit to the turret can do extreme damage. To prevent this, it is helpful to wiggle the turret from side to side. Although this doesn't always work, it can sometimes throw off the enemy's aim enough so that the shot doesn't do much damage.

The Panther II is a classic medium tank. While it doesn't excel in any one role, it performs well in many. It can snipe, brawl, or do practically anything in between. When the tank's weaknesses are understood, it can be used to great effect to destroy the enemy.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Armed with the impressive KwK 43 gun that's great for the BR thanks to the very high accuracy, velocity and fire rate.
* The default APCBC shell has fantastic penetration, and damage potential at all ranges.
* The gunner has a really nice set of optics that provides 2.5x-6x of magnification. Great for quick target acquisition at close range, while still being great for long range sniping.
* The Panther II's speed and manoeuvrability is almost as good as the Leopard 1's.
* Much better frontal armour than the other Panthers. When properly angled, the upper plate is basically immune to anything that isn't packing 250 mm of pen.
* Unlike the other Panthers, this tank actually has a really nice reverse speed.
* The gun mantlet is not that large, but it is very tough.
* One of the few tanks at this BR that can use night vision.

'''Cons:'''

* The night vision gear on the commander's cupola makes it very easy to spot the tank.
* Same turret as the Panther F, but at a much higher BR. Taking a straight shot from any contemporary tank is almost guaranteed to end in disaster.
* Bad turret traverse. Reacting to flanking enemy's isn't that easy.
* The sides of the hull is lined with a lot of ammo. Enemy shells that enter the sides will likely destroy the tank.
* Transmission is mounted in the front, meaning that the tank can be immobilized from both front and the rear.
* There is some night vision gear on the drivers side of the upper hull. So the gun will have less gun depression than normal over this area of the tank.

== History ==

=== Development ===
In late 1942, German designers started the development of a more powerful and slightly larger version of [[Panther D|Panther]] mounted on a newly designed chassis. In January of 1943, Adolf Hitler agreed on the development of Panther with increased armour protection especially for the needs of the Eastern Front. This project was designated '''Panther II''' and its design was planned along with the development of [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]]. In February of 1943, it was decided that Panther II, in its design would resemble Tiger II and would have many common components such as tracks, transmission, suspension and road wheels. Both designs had common components in an attempt to standardize the production. Overall dimensions were very similar to those of [[Panther G]] hull's design was very similar to that of the late model Panther G but with many modernizations such as the arrangement of observation equipment and new engine deck. Its armour protection was significantly increased if compared to any other Panther variant produced. Side armour protection was 60 mm thick while frontal armour protection was 100 mm thick. It was planned to arm Panther II with the latest 75 mm KwK 42 L/100 or even 88 mm KwK 43 L/71 (without a muzzle brake) gun mounted in a newly designed narrow turret – Turm Panther 2 (Schmale Blendenausführungn) (Turret Panther 2 (narrow mantlet variant)) - an early version of the Schmalturm. The Schmalturm itself was not designed until after the Panther 2 had been cancelled - designed by Rheinmetall in 1944 and to be produced by Daimler-Benz.

The Panther II in the game with the Schmalturm and 8,8 cm KwK therefore represents a configuration that never made it out of the suggestion phase.

Panther II's ''Schmale Blendenausführungn'' (narrow mantlet variant) turret was significantly different to the Schmalturm of [[Panther F]]. The Schmalturm turret used on hte Panther II in game has armour protection significantly increased if compared to any other Panther turret. The front was 120-125 mm, gun mantlet was 150 mm, while sides and rear were 60 mm and the top was 30 mm thick. Schmalturm had special mountings for infra-red device and telescopic range finder. All of those modifications increased Panther II's weight to 47 tons. Panther II was to be powered by a new Maybach HL234 engine with a total power of 900 hp operated by 8-speed hydraulic transmission. Instead, Maybach HL 230 P 30 engine was mounted and Maybach HL234 was later on due to being completed in August of 1945, for future Panther series. It was believed that Panther II's performance would be similar to that of Panther G, while if ever produced Panther II would most likely suffer from the same problems as Tiger II. Simply because of its great weight and high fuel consumption which made it extremely slow. It is also unknown what other modifications would be made if Panther II would be combat tested.

In March of 1943, plans were laid that the production of the first series would start in late 1943 or early 1944 and that by spring of 1944, full-scale production of Panther II would start. On May 20th of 1943, Rheinmetall-Borsig proposed special air-defence turret designed for Panther II, mounted with four 20 mm MG151/20 guns but it never reached prototype stage.

=== Production and cancellation ===
In early 1944, MAN (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuremberg) was allowed to produce two prototypes but was only able to produce one in early 1945, without the newly designed Schmalturm turret. On May 4th of 1944, it was realized that German industry was unable to start Panther II's production and this project was abandoned in favour of further development of Panther based on lessons learned from Panther II. On June 3rd of 1944, all companies which were to produce Panther II were ordered to instead start the production on the regular Panther tank. The war ended with only one Panther II chassis produced.

The lessons from Panther II, specifically the ''Schmalturm'' turret, would be used on main Panther tank, resulting in the planned [[Panther F]] variant.

===Survivor===
The Americans captured the Panther II chassis and it was shipped to the states. Sometimes after 1946, a Panther G turret was added onto the chassis while it was at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds. In the 1960s, the Panther II chassis was transferred to the Smithsonian Institute, who proceeded to give the tank to the Patton Museum at Fort Knox in the 1970s. Following the closure of the Patton Museum, the Panther II is currently at the in-construction National Armor and Cavalry Museum at Fort Benning.<ref name="ArmorJournalPantherII">The Armor Journal. "Panther II. NACM, Ft.Benning. TAJ Walkarounds." Panther II. NACM, Ft.Benning. TAJ Walkarounds. Waddling Penguin Publishing, LLC, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017. [http://www.armorjournal.com/index-tanks-PantherII-NACM.php Website]</ref>

=== In-game description ===
Having adopted the Tiger II tank in the autumn of 1943, the Ministry of Armaments ordered the development of a new Panther II tank, specifying that maximum compatibility between the assembly of the two tanks be maintained. Development of the new tank design was assigned to the company Henschel & Sohn. The new tank was to have thicker armour (100 mm in the front and 60 mm on the sides) and was to be equipped with a Schmalturm turret. The main armament consisted of an 88 mm 8,8 cm KwK 43 L/70 tank gun with a long 70-calibre barrel, the same gun which was installed on the Tiger II (P). The tank's weight had to be increased to 55 tons or more. The main design problem was the lack of a suitable engine for the heavier vehicle. Several options were developed for installing a MAN/Argus LD 220 750 hp engine or a Maybach HL 234 900 hp engine, using an eight-speed hydromechanical AK 7-200 gearbox, but this work was never completed. The chassis of the new Panther consisted of 7 all-metal rollers on a single torsion bar. The tank's treads were 660 mm wide.

By late 1944, the company had only managed to build one tank hull, which for testing purposes was fitted with a turret from a production Panther G. The testing was never completed, and the tank was captured by American troops. This tank's hull is kept in the Patton Museum of Cavalry and Armor in Fort Knox.

It is likely that two Panther II prototypes were built which may have participated in battles at the end of the war. Further work, however, virtually stopped. Project E50 was commissioned to replace both the Panther I and the Panther II.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=germ_panther_II Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|hbNzrbSgGag|'''Panther II - The "Forgotten" Panther''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''|PUw2CQ8e0lE|'''Best Combo #1''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:30 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|HMMSwpM-fdE|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[Panzer V Panther (Family)]]

;Vehicles equipped with the same gun

* [[Tiger II (Family)]] (except the 10.5 cm variant)

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[AMX-50 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6317-development-changes-and-optimization-in-the-german-tech-tree-en|[Devblog] Changes and optimization in the German tech-tree]]
* [[wikipedia:Panther_II_tank|[Wikipedia] Panther II tank]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2-germany-panther-ii-mit-88cm-kwk-43-l71/ <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Panther II mit 8.8 cm Kw.K. 43 L/71]
* [https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2020/08/30/schmale-blendenausfuhrungn-rheinmetall/<nowiki>[Schmale Blendenausführungn]]</nowiki>
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/germany/panther-ausf-f.php<nowiki>[Panzerkampfwagen Panther Ausf.F (Sd.Kfz.171)]]</nowiki>

=== References ===
<references />

{{Germany medium tanks}}
[[Category:Hidden vehicles]]

Panther II

2021-11-16T00:36:58Z

U24811726: /* Development */ Trying the correctly identify the turret on the in game vehicle against the one that was actually proposed, and noting the in-game configuration never existed.

{{About
| about = German medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = other tanks of the family
| link-1 = Panther tank (Family)
| usage-2 = other uses
| link-2 = Panther (Disambiguation)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_panther_II
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before [[Update 1.41]] as a main tree vehicle, however, as of [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]] it was shifted to become a gift vehicle for players who previously owned it.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}


'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Cupola)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 100 mm (55-56°) ''Front plate'' 60 mm (50°) ''Lower glacis'' || 60 mm (30°) ''Top'' 60 mm ''Bottom'' || 40 mm (29-33°) || 30 mm
|-
| Turret || 120 mm (20-21°)''Turret front'' 300 mm ''Gun Mantlet'' || colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | 60 mm (25°) || 30 mm
|-
| Cupola || colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | 100 mm (57°) || 100 mm (33°) ''Outer ring'' 30 mm ''Centre''
|-
|}
Notes:

* Suspension wheels, tracks and torsion bars are 20 mm thick.
* Side skirts are 5 mm thick and act as additional protection against explosive warhead
* Part of the hull is covered by tracks, adding additional 20 mm of armour

The armour on this variant has better frontal and side armour than the [[Panther F]], which will protect you against the weaker guns at this BR but it won't hold up when facing higher calibre guns such as the [[M3 (90 mm)]], [[D-25T (122 mm)]] and [[20pdr OQF Mk.I (84 mm)]] that you will likely meet at this rank. The best tactic to survive is to not get hit by an enemy attacker, as the crew is quite cramped and will typically be disabled with one well-placed shot. Also, the Panther II can angle its hull slightly more, unlike the other Panthers, which can provide greater protection.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,395|rbMinHp=796}}

As with all Panthers, this tank has excellent mobility both on and off road. One notable difference between the {{PAGENAME}} and the other Panthers is its reverse speed. Comparing to a max -4 km/h reverse speed on the rest of the Panthers, the Panther II provides a -12 km/h reverse speed, which can help a lot in battles.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|KwK43 (88 mm)}}

The Panther II boasts the excellent 88 mm KwK 43 with its notably punchy PzGr 39/43 shell, with a reload speed comparable to that of the [[Tiger II (P)|Tiger II]]. Thus, it represents a threat for every tank on the battlefield, even at long ranges. Its rather poor gun handling, however (7.1°/s turret rotation on a stock tank with a level 1 crew) means close-quarters engagements and particularly urban combat should be avoided if possible. This can be somewhat remedied by its ability to neutral steer to acquire a firing solution faster. The optimal ammo loadout is 15 rounds, since it eliminates the ammo racks at the sides of the hull, while still providing a decent quantity of ammunition. It is not recommended to load anything other than PzGr 39/43 shells since it can readily hull break most opponents that have such a feature and it provides consistent ballistic characteristics, while still maintaining a fairly good penetration against sloped armour.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[KwK43 (88 mm)|88 mm KwK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+15° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 11.4 || 15.8 || 19.2 || 21.2 || 22.6 || rowspan="2" | 11.05 || rowspan="2" | 9.78 || rowspan="2" | 9.01 || rowspan="2" | 8.50
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 7.1 || 8.4 || 10.2 || 11.3 || 12.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| PzGr 39/43 || APCBC || 237 || 234 || 222 || 207 || 194 || 181
|-
| PzGr 40/43 || APCR || 279 || 273 || 252 || 227 || 205 || 185
|-
| Hl.Gr 39 || HEAT || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110 || 110
|-
| Sprgr.43 || HE || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14 || 14
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| PzGr 39/43 || APCBC || 1,000 || 10.16 || 1.2 || 14 || 108.8 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| PzGr 40/43 || APCR || 1,130 || 7.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| Hl.Gr 39 || HEAT || 600 || 7.64 || 0 || 0.3 || 1,100 || 62° || 69° || 73°
|-
| Sprgr.43 || HE || 820 || 9.4 || 0 || 0.1 || 1,000 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 42 ''(+8)'' || 34 ''(+16)'' || 26 ''(+24)'' || 18 ''(+32)'' || 11 ''(+39)'' || 5 ''(+45)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
Note:

* Racks 6 & 7 are ready-racks.



=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG34 (7.92 mm)}}

The Panther II's coaxial 7.92 mm MG 34 is rather anaemic, and thus, not very versatile. It won't pose much of a threat to any vehicle that doesn't have exposed crew members, and it won't do much damage to aircraft. It can, however, be used to highlight enemy vehicles to friendlies, but it comes with the risk of alerting enemies of an enemy vehicle.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[MG34 (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm MG34]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (150) || 900 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The Panther II is a medium tank that performs in many roles. With its powerful gun, it can very effectively take out opponents at its battle rating at both close and long ranges. The turret traverse is slow, which makes close-quarters engagements and urban combat difficult. But, this can be made up for by careful positioning and the use of the tank's neutral steering. The gun has a fairly standard gun depression and a good reload. All in all, the Panther II's armament is decent.

The Panther II is also armed with a 7.92 mm machine gun. This won't do much damage to any enemies except those with exposed crew members. And, it won't do much damage to enemy aircraft. However, it is still useful for spotting enemies and notifying teammates of their presence.

The vehicle's mobility is also quite good. Reverse speed is much better than that of the earlier Panthers, which makes peeking out from behind cover to fire much more viable. On both roads and terrain, the tank is able to reach a respectable top speed, and in general, the mobility is quite nice, and is suited for both crossing the map to reach favourable positions and for close-quarters brawling.

As for armour, the Panther II's protection is the same as that of the [[Panther F]]. It can protect against most small-calibre guns, but won't hold up against larger guns such as those found on the enemy's medium and heavy tanks. The best survival tactic, as usual, is to avoid being hit entirely. The crew compartment (and the turret especially) is quite cramped, and the Panther II can take debilitating damage from even one shot. Many enemies will aim to hit the Panther's turret cheeks, since a hit to the turret can do extreme damage. To prevent this, it is helpful to wiggle the turret from side to side. Although this doesn't always work, it can sometimes throw off the enemy's aim enough so that the shot doesn't do much damage.

The Panther II is a classic medium tank. While it doesn't excel in any one role, it performs well in many. It can snipe, brawl, or do practically anything in between. When the tank's weaknesses are understood, it can be used to great effect to destroy the enemy.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Armed with the impressive KwK 43 gun that's great for the BR thanks to the very high accuracy, velocity and fire rate.
* The default APCBC shell has fantastic penetration, and damage potential at all ranges.
* The gunner has a really nice set of optics that provides 2.5x-6x of magnification. Great for quick target acquisition at close range, while still being great for long range sniping.
* The Panther II's speed and manoeuvrability is almost as good as the Leopard 1's.
* Much better frontal armour than the other Panthers. When properly angled, the upper plate is basically immune to anything that isn't packing 250 mm of pen.
* Unlike the other Panthers, this tank actually has a really nice reverse speed.
* The gun mantlet is not that large, but it is very tough.
* One of the few tanks at this BR that can use night vision.

'''Cons:'''

* The night vision gear on the commander's cupola makes it very easy to spot the tank.
* Same turret as the Panther F, but at a much higher BR. Taking a straight shot from any contemporary tank is almost guaranteed to end in disaster.
* Bad turret traverse. Reacting to flanking enemy's isn't that easy.
* The sides of the hull is lined with a lot of ammo. Enemy shells that enter the sides will likely destroy the tank.
* Transmission is mounted in the front, meaning that the tank can be immobilized from both front and the rear.
* There is some night vision gear on the drivers side of the upper hull. So the gun will have less gun depression than normal over this area of the tank.

== History ==

=== Development ===
In late 1942, German designers started the development of a more powerful and slightly larger version of [[Panther D|Panther]] mounted on a newly designed chassis. In January of 1943, Adolf Hitler agreed on the development of Panther with increased armour protection especially for the needs of the Eastern Front. This project was designated '''Panther II''' and its design was planned along with the development of [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II]]. In February of 1943, it was decided that Panther II, in its design would resemble Tiger II and would have many common components such as tracks, transmission, suspension and road wheels. Both designs had common components in an attempt to standardize the production. Overall dimensions were very similar to those of [[Panther G]] hull's design was very similar to that of the late model Panther G but with many modernizations such as the arrangement of observation equipment and new engine deck. Its armour protection was significantly increased if compared to any other Panther variant produced. Side armour protection was 60 mm thick while frontal armour protection was 100 mm thick. It was planned to arm Panther II with the latest 75 mm KwK 42 L/100 or even 88 mm KwK 43 L/71 (without a muzzle brake) gun mounted in a newly designed narrow turret – Turm Panther 2 (Schmale Blendenausführungn) (Turret Panther 2 (narrow mantlet variant)) - an early version of the Schmalturm. The Schmalturm itself was not designed until after the Panther 2 had been cancelled - designed by Rheinmetall in 1944 and to be produced by Daimler-Benz.

The Panther II in the game with the Schmalturm and 8,8 cm KwK therefore represents a configuration that never made it out of the suggestion phase.

Panther II's ''Schmale Blendenausführungn'' (narrow mantlet variant) turret was significantly different to the Schmalturm of [[Panther F]]. The Schmalturm turret used on hte Panther II in game has armour protection significantly increased if compared to any other Panther turret. The front was 120-125 mm, gun mantlet was 150 mm, while sides and rear were 60 mm and the top was 30 mm thick. Schmalturm had special mountings for infra-red device and telescopic range finder. All of those modifications increased Panther II's weight to 47 tons. Panther II was to be powered by a new Maybach HL234 engine with a total power of 900 hp operated by 8-speed hydraulic transmission. Instead, Maybach HL 230 P 30 engine was mounted and Maybach HL234 was later on due to being completed in August of 1945, for future Panther series. It was believed that Panther II's performance would be similar to that of Panther G, while if ever produced Panther II would most likely suffer from the same problems as Tiger II. Simply because of its great weight and high fuel consumption which made it extremely slow. It is also unknown what other modifications would be made if Panther II would be combat tested.

In March of 1943, plans were laid that the production of the first series would start in late 1943 or early 1944 and that by spring of 1944, full-scale production of Panther II would start. On May 20th of 1943, Rheinmetall-Borsig proposed special air-defence turret designed for Panther II, mounted with four 20 mm MG151/20 guns but it never reached prototype stage.

=== Production and cancellation ===
In early 1944, MAN (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuremberg) was allowed to produce two prototypes but was only able to produce one in early 1945, without the newly designed Schmalturm turret. On May 4th of 1944, it was realized that German industry was unable to start Panther II's production and this project was abandoned in favour of further development of Panther based on lessons learned from Panther II. On June 3rd of 1944, all companies which were to produce Panther II were ordered to instead start the production on the regular Panther tank. The war ended with only one Panther II chassis produced.

The lessons from Panther II, specifically the ''Schmalturm'' turret, would be used on main Panther tank, resulting in the planned [[Panther F]] variant.

===Survivor===
The Americans captured the Panther II chassis and it was shipped to the states. Sometimes after 1946, a Panther G turret was added onto the chassis while it was at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds. In the 1960s, the Panther II chassis was transferred to the Smithsonian Institute, who proceeded to give the tank to the Patton Museum at Fort Knox in the 1970s. Following the closure of the Patton Museum, the Panther II is currently at the in-construction National Armor and Cavalry Museum at Fort Benning.<ref name="ArmorJournalPantherII">The Armor Journal. "Panther II. NACM, Ft.Benning. TAJ Walkarounds." Panther II. NACM, Ft.Benning. TAJ Walkarounds. Waddling Penguin Publishing, LLC, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2017. [http://www.armorjournal.com/index-tanks-PantherII-NACM.php Website]</ref>

=== In-game description ===
Having adopted the Tiger II tank in the autumn of 1943, the Ministry of Armaments ordered the development of a new Panther II tank, specifying that maximum compatibility between the assembly of the two tanks be maintained. Development of the new tank design was assigned to the company Henschel & Sohn. The new tank was to have thicker armour (100 mm in the front and 60 mm on the sides) and was to be equipped with a Schmalturm turret. The main armament consisted of an 88 mm 8,8 cm KwK 43 L/70 tank gun with a long 70-calibre barrel, the same gun which was installed on the Tiger II (P). The tank's weight had to be increased to 55 tons or more. The main design problem was the lack of a suitable engine for the heavier vehicle. Several options were developed for installing a MAN/Argus LD 220 750 hp engine or a Maybach HL 234 900 hp engine, using an eight-speed hydromechanical AK 7-200 gearbox, but this work was never completed. The chassis of the new Panther consisted of 7 all-metal rollers on a single torsion bar. The tank's treads were 660 mm wide.

By late 1944, the company had only managed to build one tank hull, which for testing purposes was fitted with a turret from a production Panther G. The testing was never completed, and the tank was captured by American troops. This tank's hull is kept in the Patton Museum of Cavalry and Armor in Fort Knox.

It is likely that two Panther II prototypes were built which may have participated in battles at the end of the war. Further work, however, virtually stopped. Project E50 was commissioned to replace both the Panther I and the Panther II.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=medium_tank&vehicle=germ_panther_II Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|hbNzrbSgGag|'''Panther II - The "Forgotten" Panther''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''|PUw2CQ8e0lE|'''Best Combo #1''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:30 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|HMMSwpM-fdE|'''{{PAGENAME}} Tank Review''' - ''NUSensei''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[Panzer V Panther (Family)]]

;Vehicles equipped with the same gun

* [[Tiger II (Family)]] (except the 10.5 cm variant)

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[AMX-50 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6317-development-changes-and-optimization-in-the-german-tech-tree-en|[Devblog] Changes and optimization in the German tech-tree]]
* [[wikipedia:Panther_II_tank|[Wikipedia] Panther II tank]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2-germany-panther-ii-mit-88cm-kwk-43-l71/ <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Panther II mit 8.8 cm Kw.K. 43 L/71]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Germany medium tanks}}
[[Category:Hidden vehicles]]

Talk:Pz.IV H

2021-08-05T10:33:13Z

U24811726: Survivability summary wrong

Something screwy with hte armor info on this page - the survivability says hte front armor is only 30mm - it's a template of some sort, no idea how to change it.--[[User:U24811726|U24811726]] ([[User talk:U24811726|talk]]) 10:33, 5 August 2021 (UTC)

Wyvern S4

2021-06-16T21:05:53Z

U24811726: /* History */ rewording a bit to make read better

{{Specs-Card
|code=wyvern_s4
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|store=5267
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} British strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.59 "Flaming Arrows"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} can carry great amounts of payload due to its distinctive feature, the turboprop powerplant. This engine enables it to exceed 600 kph in level flight.

The Wyvern is an aircraft that can carry a large payload so it can be used in the strike fighter role. One of its most popular payloads, 16 x RP-3 , enables it to destroy a large amounts of targets with medium armour like light pillboxes and up to heavy tanks. The Wyvern is also a strong fighter, below 3,000 m. As the Wyvern does not have a compressor of any sorts, engine power drops significantly above 3,000 m. Keeping altitude at 3,000 and doing Boom & Zoom or Boom & Run attacks are of the most successful fighting doctrines. Although the Boom & Zoom attack will most likely bleed the Wyvern's speed very quickly, employing Boom & Run instead of this attack is recommended when possible.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Wyvern S4, being a turboprop, is an exceptionally fast aircraft for its battle rating. Though a prop aircraft, the Wyvern functions very similar to jet aircraft in play style, due to the nature of its weight and engine. Though the Wyvern does have an above average climb rate due to its powerful engine, it functions best near sea level. At sea level, where the engine functions at maximum capacity, the Wyvern is almost uncatchable. Being able to maintain nearly 640 km/h in level flight without a payload, even enemies diving on the Wyvern will have trouble catching up, and will quickly fall behind as they lose energy.

Though it can go incredibly fast, this is solely due to the aircraft's powerful turboprop engine. Coming in at a heavy 7 tonnes with no payload, or 9 and a half tonnes with its maximum payload, the Wyvern's speed suffers when performing any manoeuvre bar going in a straight line. Even minor adjustments will cause the fighter to bleed speed at an alarming rate, with full-out turns able to halve the aircraft's speed before it has even completed a 180. Whilst it has the speed, the Wyvern can turn very fast but as mentioned it will lose this speed in the turn very quickly. Unless absolutely necessary, avoid performing any but the most gentle of manoeuvres in this 7 tonne beast.

This focus on simply flying straight is further amplified by the turboprop's ability, or lack thereof, to quickly react to input changes. As happens in jet aircraft, the turboprop engine found on the Wyvern will take a fairly long amount of time to react to changes to the throttle meaning the Wyvern pilot will struggle to regain speed if the throttle is dropped at any point, such as to recover from a vertical stall manoeuvre.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 0 m - sea level)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 635 || 620 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 33.3 || 33.6 || 21.1 || 21.1 || rowspan="2" | 700
|-
! Upgraded
| 665 || 650 || 31.2 || 32.0 || 24.7 || 23.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 566 || 351 || 315 || ~10 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 482 || < 400 || < 410 || N/A
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 64 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 12.7 mm Steel plate behind the pilot

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.V cannons, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 1,200 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I (1,000 lb)|AP Mk I|Red Angel|RP-3}}
{{main|18 inch Mark XV (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 3 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 3 x 1,000 lb M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 8 x AP Mk I rockets
* 8 x RP-3 rockets
* 16 x AP Mk I rockets
* 16 x RP-3 rockets
* 1 x 450 mm 18 inch Mark XV torpedo
* 16 x RP-3 rockets + 1 x 450 mm 18 inch Mark XV torpedo
* 2 x Red Angel rockets

== Usage in battles ==


Speed, climb rate, and armament are the Wyvern's only real method of taking out enemy aircraft. These are the strengths that any pilot of the Wyvern should always exploit, by employing Boom & Run tactics on enemies. With four Mk V Hispano cannons, and a staggeringly large ammo reserve, the Wyvern is more than equipped to quickly dispatch any aircraft that end up in front of it. The pilot should only take the plane up to a maximum of a couple thousand meters, unless bomber hunting, and use the Wyvern's excellent acceleration and top speed to quickly annihilate any enemies who end up on low altitude. The Wyvern can also use this speed to bait enemies, who see the Wyvern as an easy target, down to low altitudes. This will allow allied fighters to easily establish high altitude air superiority, which can often end up in victory by itself, without the Wyvern pilot actually putting himself in any great danger.

With its wide variety of secondary armaments, the Wyvern is one of the best aircraft available to the British at this BR. Typically, load up three 1000 lb bombs, and use them to fully destroy one bombing point. The Wyvern is taken to its maximum weight whilst carrying this payload, and will only be able to maintain around 550 km/h at sea level, so the pilot should attempt to drop the bombs as soon as he can, to regain the Wyvern's 640 km/h top speed. Using the four Mk V Hispano cannons, preferably with Air Targets ammunition loaded, employ the Wyvern as was detailed in the above section, as a boom-and-zoom aircraft at low altitude. If one had experience flying any jet aircraft in the past, use the Wyvern exactly as a jet. Do not turn for anyone, if a pass misses then continue onward until a great distance is gained, ''then'' turn around for another guns run.

While fighting, any pilot should refrain from turn fighting and perform energy fighting whenever possible

In Ground Forces, the pilot has the choice between using three 500 lb bombs, three 1,000 lb bombs, sixteen RP-3 rockets, or sixteen AP Mk I rockets. With such an armament, the Wyvern's distinctive engine sound can signal in the incoming doom of any tank unfortunate enough to end up in the pilot's vision.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional low-altitude engine performance (550 km/h-640km/h with payload/no payload)
* Powerful offensive armament, with large ammo reserves
* Diverse selection of secondary armament
* Above average manoeuvrability at high speeds
* Excellent dive performance
* Surprisingly high climb rate
* Reasonably capable of Boom & Zoom, which will allow this premium plane to make even more money

'''Cons:'''

* Exceedingly heavy (7 tonnes unloaded, 9+ tonnes with a payload)
* Large fuel tanks located in front of the wings
* Turboprop engine is more fragile than traditional piston-engines planes
* Very bad roll rate
* Below average high-altitude engine performance
* Poor engine response to throttle adjustment
* Distinctive engine sound, unlike any other aircraft
* Extremely loud propulsion system allows for easy detection

== History ==


The Wyvern was one of the few turboprop combat aircraft ever fully developed, and entered service long after World War II had ended. The design was a relic of an era past, with jet-powered aircraft now entering. The aircraft also suffered from a long development period, beginning in 1944 as the P.10. This lead to the Wyvern seeing very little combat use and being quickly retired. The Wyvern S.4 variant contained an Armstrong Siddeley Python 3 turboprop engine, able to output 3670 horsepower, and was the first and only variant of the Wyvern to enter service with the British Royal Navy.

The Wyvern S.4 only saw actual combat in late 1956 during the Suez Crisis, racking up 79 sorties and 2 losses. This marked the Wyvern as the only British turboprop to ever see combat.<ref>http://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=1482</ref>

The type was plagued with various engine problems during its brief period in service, and was retired soon after in 1958.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=britain&vehicleType=aircraft&vehicleClass=assault&vehicle=wyvern_s4 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
Image:Westland Wyvern on the runway.jpg|Westland Wyvern on the runway
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|nMwQCST13GM|'''Should You Buy The Wyvern''' - ''Sako Sniper''|Hryh-SLXmU4|'''Premium Vehicles: Wyvern S4''' - ''War Thunder Wiki''|95zYKZDSVjQ|''' Premium Review: Westland Wyvern S4''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3735-development-westland-wyvern-the-turboprop-dragon-en|[Devblog] Westland Wyvern: The Turboprop Dragon]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/315763-westland-wyvern-s4/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references />

{{AirManufacturer Westland}}
{{Britain strike aircraft}}
{{Britain premium aircraft}}

Sd.Kfz.251/21

2021-02-09T01:35:22Z

U24811726: /* Pros and cons */ spelling, gramatical, minor wording

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_sdkfz_251_21
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_Sd.Kfz.251-21.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} German SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Hot Tracks"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 14.5 mm (6°) ''Engine compartment'' 14.5 mm (30°) ''Driver cabin'' 8 mm (41°) ''Lower glacis'' || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}
{{tankMobility|abMinHp=142|rbMinHp=88}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|MG 151 (15 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[MG 151 (15 mm)|15 mm MG 151]] (x3) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | _,___ (___) || rowspan="2" | 700 || rowspan="2" | -3°/+49° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __._ || __._ || __._ || __._ || __._
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Pzgr. L'spur (Default):''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''SprGr:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}
* '''Pzgr. L'spur:''' {{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''H-Pzgr.:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|API-T|Armour-piercing incendiary tracer}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="7" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Pzgr. L'spur (Default) ||37||35||25||17||12||8
|-
| SprGr ||37||35||25||17||12||8
|-
| Pzgr. L'spur ||37||35||25||17||12||8
|-
| H-Pzgr. ||50||48||35||25||18||12
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''4''' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __ ''(+__)'' || __
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Fast rate of fire
* Three machine guns can make aiming less necessary because of the large volume of fire
* Has an dedicated anti tank belt, the H-Pzgr., which can go through most tanks from the side
* Good top speed
* Very fast turret traverse
* Crew members are quite spread out, difficult to one shot without HEAT

'''Cons:'''

* Armour is extremely poor, can be penetrated by heavy machine guns and can be easily destroyed by artillery
* Open topped, strafing planes can be devastating
* Near non existant gun depression
* Gun elevation is quite poor for an anti-air vehicle.
* Can be hullbroken
* Reload time stock of 18.2 seconds can be dangerous
* Acceleration is mediocre at best
* Even heavy caliber machine guns lack stopping power compared to the previous 20mm and 37mm

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/6991-development-sd-kfz-251-21-deadly-triplets-en|Devblog]] ===
By 1942, German engineers recognized the need of the Wehrmacht for a light SPAAG to provide cover for frontline troops against low flying aircraft and set about developing a suitable vehicle on the chassis of available halftrack designs. In 1943, this need became even more emphasized with limited German production capacities being unable to produce the required number of Flakpanzers that the Wehrmacht had been requesting.

Subsequently, German engineers decided to outfit the widely used Sd.Kfz. 251 halftrack with a three-barrel AA mount, initially equipped with 15 mm, later with 20 mm cannons, in order to meet the Wehrmacht's demand. The new modification became known as the Sd.Kfz 251/21 and went into production in 1944.

By the time the Sd.Kfz. 251/21 entered service, troops more widely used it as a support vehicle in the late stages of the war, with the vehicle performing well in this role. Nonetheless, over 380 units of the Sd.Kfz. 251/21 were produced until the end of the war, many of which through conversion of older modifications.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=germany&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=germ_sdkfz_251_21 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Sd.Kfz. 251/21 Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:Sd.Kfz. 251-21 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Sd.Kfz. 251-21 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Sd.Kfz. 251-21 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Sd.Kfz. 251-21 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Sd.Kfz. 251-21 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Sd.Kfz. 251-21 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|KWLXIN7mIGc|'''Germany suffers and needed this - Sd.Kfz.251/21 15mm''' - ''PhlyDaily'' (Review starts at 3:11)}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[Sd.Kfz.251/10]]

;Vehicles equipped with the same gun

* [[AMX-50 Foch]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[M16 MGMC]]
* [[BTR-152A]]
* [[CCKW 353 (M45)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6991-development-sd-kfz-251-21-deadly-triplets-en|[Devblog] Sd.Kfz. 251/21: Deadly Triplets]]
* [[wikipedia:Sd.Kfz._251|[Wikipedia] Sd.Kfz. 251]]
* [https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/nazi_germany/sdkfz-251_hanomag.php <nowiki>[Tanks Encyclopedia]</nowiki> Sd.Kfz.251]

{{Germany anti-aircraft vehicles}}

IJN Ikoma

2020-12-20T08:30:55Z

U24811726: /* Pros and cons */ GE price for backups increased to 20

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_armoredcruiser_ikoma}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese battlecruiser {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The Ikoma has a typical armour scheme for an armoured cruiser of its era - thick armour protecting the vitals - a waterline belt of 178 mm of rolled cemented (face hardened) armour in the middle of the ship, and a 127 mm thick rolled cemented citadel above that protecting the casemated 6" guns, which themselves have 152 mm rolled cemented gunshields. The corners of the citadel are also 152 mm rolled cemented.

The main turrets and barbettes under them are 178 mm of rolled cemented, with 25 mm rolled homogenous roofs. The 4.7" guns have 80 mm rolled cemented gunshields.

The waterline fore and aft of the main belt has a thinner belt of 102 mm cemented, conning towers are 203 mm rolled cemented at the front, and 152 mm at the rear, with 38 mm rolled homogenous roofs.

There are 3 decks of 38 mm rolled homogeneous armour - the top 2 are horizontal, the bottom one has a "step" in it allowing a higher headroom in the engine rooms.

The 2 magazines are each fully enclosed by 38 mm rolled homogenous plate.
Lastly there are 25 mm rolled homogeneous bulkheads covering the gap between the 2 main barbettes and the citadel fore and aft.
Coal bunkers line the unarmoured sides of the engine rooms.

By the standards of later times it is a complicated scheme, however it gives comprehensive protection against 6-8" guns of WW2 era cruisers.
The crew is 884 men, which is quite substantial, and they are well protected.

=== Mobility ===


{{NavalMobility}}

The ship is extremely slow, and not very manoeuvrable. Acceleration and deceleration rates are not good, and it takes a considerable time to start turning.

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===

{{main|12-inch/45 Vickers (305 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

=== Secondary armament ===

{{main|6-inch/45 Type 41 (152 mm)|4,7-inch/40 Armstrong (120 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===

{{main|3-inch/40 Type 41 (76 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Torpedo armament ===

{{main|21 inch Type 43 (1910) (533 mm)}}

The [[21 inch Type 43 (1910) (533 mm)|21 inch Type 43 (1910)]] torpedo is a good weapon by the standards of 1910 when it was introduced. It carries a 130 kg Shimose warhead (143kg TNT equivalent) to a range of 8km at 50kph. The warhead is small by later standards, and not likely to knock out a destroyer with one hit, let alone anything larger.

The Ikoma carries 2 fixed tubes - 1 facing to each broadside, and 17 reloads. The fixed tubes are located under the forward main turret, and are difficult to use since they are aimed by maneuvering the ship - which is not easy to do as already noted.

The limitations are such that not carrying any torpedoes is a good choice - the SL you save is greater than any reward you might get.

== Usage in battles ==

The Ikoma is classed as a "battlecruiser" in War Thunder, probably because it was designated a battlecruiser by the Japanese from 1912. However it is too slow and unmanoeuvrable to be used as a "fast battleship" as battlecruisers are often considered.

It is better to consider it as the armoured cruiser it was designed as. There is no real modern counterpart to "armoured cruiser", so it is probably simplest to think of it as a slow heavy cruiser. In some respects it is comparable to the Deutschland class "Panzerschiff" (eg the [[Admiral Graf Spee]]), especially in terms of the main armament being a small number of heavy guns. It can be played in a similar manner - mostly trying to "camp" somewhere protected from torpedoes and using the small number of heavy guns to score damaging hits on easy targets.

The slow rate of fire and small number of the main guns make them difficult to use against fast moving manoeuvring targets - they are best used against large targets that lack manoeuvrability such as heavy cruisers or larger. Light cruisers, destroyers, and smaller vessels can be attacked by controlling the secondary 6" and 4.7" guns - there are 6 of each on each broadside and they can make short work of smaller ships or boats.

It is possible to manage the fire of the 2 main turrets so that they each fire separately at approximately equal intervals. This provides more opportunity to correct range, and also accurate tracking of a target that is trying to manoeuvre to avoid the heavy shells.

It is often impossible to dodge torpedoes due to the sluggish manoeuvrability, so using islands as a shield from torpedoes is recommended where they are available.

There is no effective AA armament, and aircraft can easily come down to mast height to accurately deliver bombs, rockets or torpedoes. You can only hope the rest of your team has enough AA to provide some protection. The 3 armoured decks can absorb a lot of punishment from smaller bombs, but any armour piercing bombs, or anything from 1,000 lb/500 kg upwards will cause significant damage. At this BR, heavier bombs such as 1,800 kg, 4,000 lb and 5,000 kg are common loads, and can destroy the ship with 1 or 2 hits.

Backups for this ship cost only 10 GE at release. This was increased to 20 GE in update "Hot Tracks", which is still cheap enough so that it is worth considering whether to buy them than use universal backups - you should always use backups of some variety when grinding through the various modules.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Seakeeping
! colspan="2" | Unsinkability
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Dry-Docking
| Tool Set
|
| Anti-Air Armament Targeting
| 12-inch APC
| 6-inch APC
|-
| II
| Rudder Replacement
| Fire Protection System
|
| Auxiliary Armament Targeting
|
|
|-
| III
| Propeller Replacement
| Shrapnel Protection
| Ventilation
| Primary Armament Targeting
| Improved Rangefinder
|
|-
| IV
| Engine Maintenance
| New Pumps
| Ammo Wetting
|
|
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 12" main armament can wreck anything less than a battleship with a few hits;
* Heavy secondary armament of 6" and 4.7" guns is sufficient to take out destroyers and smaller vessels when controlled by the player;
* Heavy armour absorbs most damage from enemy guns and small-medium bombs;
* Backups cost only 20 GE.

'''Cons:'''

* Slow, and very slow to turn or accelerate/decelerate - makes dodging torpedoes difficult;
* Only 4 of the 12" guns with a very slow rate of fire (30 second reload when maxed) makes accurate shooting difficult against moving targets;
* No effective AA means opposing aircraft can press home attacks to minimum range and maximum accuracy.

== History ==

The ''Ikoma'' was the 2nd of the 2-ship ''Tsukuba'' class of armoured cruisers built by Japan. They were ordered as a result of the loss of 2 pre-dreadnought battleships to mines early in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, and were fairly standard armoured cruisers of the era, although their 12" gun main armament was heavier than others of that type. The design was rushed, and the class suffered from numerous defects during their service.

The ''Ikoma'' was laid down in March 1905, launched in April 1906, and commissioned in March 1908.

During WW1 it took part in the Japanese assault on Tsingtao in China, then escorted allied convoys in the south-west Pacific, being based in Hong Kong, Singapore and Townsville, Australia.

After the war it was scrapped to meet obligations of the Washington Naval Treaty, and removed from the navy list in September 1923.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Japan battlecruisers}}

IJN Ikoma

2020-12-05T23:13:40Z

U24811726: /* Torpedo armament */ add details - don't bother taking them!

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_armoredcruiser_ikoma}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese battlecruiser {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The Ikoma has a typical armour scheme for an armoured cruiser of its era - thick armour protecting the vitals - a waterline belt of 178 mm of rolled cemented (face hardened) armour in the middle of the ship, and a 127 mm thick rolled cemented citadel above that protecting the casemated 6" guns, which themselves have 152 mm rolled cemented gunshields. The corners of the citadel are also 152 mm rolled cemented.

The main turrets and barbettes under them are 178 mm of rolled cemented, with 25 mm rolled homogenous roofs. The 4.7" guns have 80 mm rolled cemented gunshields.

The waterline fore and aft of the main belt has a thinner belt of 102 mm cemented, conning towers are 203 mm rolled cemented at the front, and 152 mm at the rear, with 38 mm rolled homogenous roofs.

There are 3 decks of 38 mm rolled homogeneous armour - the top 2 are horizontal, the bottom one has a "step" in it allowing a higher headroom in the engine rooms.

The 2 magazines are each fully enclosed by 38 mm rolled homogenous plate.

Lastly there are 25 mm rolled homogeneous bulkheads covering the gap between the 2 main barbettes and the citadel fore and aft.

Coal bunkers line the unarmoured sides of the engine rooms.

By the standards of later times it is a complicated scheme, however it gives comprehensive protection against 6-8" guns of WW2 era cruisers.

The crew is 884 men, which is quite substantial, and they are well protected.

=== Mobility ===


{{NavalMobility}}

The ship is extremely slow, and not very manoeuvrable. Acceleration and deceleration rates are not good, and it takes a considerable time to start turning.

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===

{{main|12-inch/45 Vickers (305 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

=== Secondary armament ===

{{main|6-inch/45 Type 41 (152 mm)|4,7-inch/40 Armstrong (120 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===

{{main|3-inch/40 Type 41 (76 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Torpedo armament ===

{{main|21 inch Type 43 (1910) (533 mm)}}The '''''[[21 inch Type 43 (1910) (533 mm)]]''''' torpedo is a good weapon by the standards of 1910 when it was introduced. It carries a 130kg Shimose warhead (143kg TNT equivalent) to a range of 8km at 50kph. The warhead is small by later standards, and not likely to destroy a destroyer with one hit, let alone anything larger.

The Ikoma carries 2 fixed tubes - 1 facing to each broadside, and 17 reloads. The fixed tubes are located under the forward main turret, and are difficult to use since they are aimed by maneuvering the ship - which is not easy to do as already noted.

The limitations are such that not carrying any torpedoes is a good choice - the SL you save is greater than any reward you might get.

== Usage in battles ==

The Ikoma is classed as a "battlecruiser" in War Thunder, probably because it was designated a battlecruiser by the Japanese from 1912. However it is too slow and unmanoeuvrable to be used as a "fast battleship" as battlecruisers are often considered.

It is better to consider it as the armoured cruiser it was designed as. There is no real modern counterpart to "armoured cruiser", so it is probably simplest to think of it as a slow heavy cruiser. In some respects it is comparable to the Deutschland class "Panzerschiff" (eg the [[Admiral Graf Spee]]), especially in terms of the main armament being a small number of heavy guns. It can be played in a similar manner - mostly trying to "camp" somewhere protected from torpedoes and using the small number of heavy guns to score damaging hits on easy targets.

The slow rate of fire and small number of the main guns make them difficult to use against fast moving manoeuvring targets - they are best used against large targets that lack manoeuvrability such as heavy cruisers or larger. Light cruisers, destroyers, and smaller vessels can be attacked by controlling the secondary 6" and 4.7" guns - there are 6 of each on each broadside and they can make short work of smaller ships or boats.

It is possible to manage the fire of the 2 main turrets so that they each fire separately at approximately equal intervals. This provides more opportunity to correct range, and also accurate tracking of a target that is trying to manoeuvre to avoid the heavy shells.

It is often impossible to dodge torpedoes due to the sluggish manoeuvrability, so using islands as a shield from torpedoes is recommended where they are available.

There is no effective AA armament, and aircraft can easily come down to mast height to accurately deliver bombs, rockets or torpedoes. You can only hope the rest of your team has enough AA to provide some protection. The 3 armoured decks can absorb a lot of punishment from smaller bombs, but any armour piercing bombs, or anything from 1,000 lb/500 kg upwards will cause significant damage. At this BR, heavier bombs such as 1,800 kg, 4,000 lb and 5,000 kg are common loads, and can destroy the ship with 1 or 2 hits.

Backups for this ship cost only 10 GE - cheap enough so that it is better to buy them than use universal backups - you should always use them when grinding.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Seakeeping
! colspan="2" | Unsinkability
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Dry-Docking
| Tool Set
|
| Anti-Air Armament Targeting
| 12-inch APC
| 6-inch APC
|-
| II
| Rudder Replacement
| Fire Protection System
|
| Auxiliary Armament Targeting
|
|
|-
| III
| Propeller Replacement
| Shrapnel Protection
| Ventilation
| Primary Armament Targeting
| Improved Rangefinder
|
|-
| IV
| Engine Maintenance
| New Pumps
| Ammo Wetting
|
|
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 12" main armament can wreck anything less than a battleship with a few hits;
* Heavy secondary armament of 6" and 4.7" guns is sufficient to destroy destroyers and smaller when controlled by the player;
* Heavy armour absorbs most damage from enemy guns and small-medium bombs;
* Backups cost only 10 GE.

'''Cons:'''

* Slow, and very slow to turn or accelerate/decelerate - makes dodging torpedoes difficult;
* Only 4 of the 12" guns with a very slow rate of fire (30 second reload when maxed) makes accurate shooting difficult against moving targets;
* No effective AA means opposing aircraft can press home attacks to minimum range and maximum accuracy.

== History ==

The ''Ikoma'' was the 2nd of the 2-ship ''Tsukuba'' class of armoured cruisers built by Japan. They were ordered as a result of the loss of 2 pre-dreadnought battleships to mines early in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, and were fairly standard armoured cruisers of the era, although their 12" gun main armament was heavier than others of that type. The design was rushed, and the class suffered from numerous defects during their service.

The ''Ikoma'' was laid down in March 1905, launched in April 1906, and commissioned in March 1908.

During WW1 it took part in the Japanese assault on Tsingtao in China, then escorted allied convoys in the south-west Pacific, being based in Hong Kong, Singapore and Townsville, Australia.

After the war it was scrapped to meet obligations of the Washington Naval Treaty, and removed from the navy list in September 1923.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Japan battlecruisers}}

IJN Ikoma

2020-12-05T22:45:14Z

U24811726: /* Pros and cons */ backups

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_armoredcruiser_ikoma}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese battlecruiser {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The Ikoma has a typical armour scheme for an armoured cruiser of its era - thick armour protecting the vitals - a waterline belt of 178 mm of rolled cemented (face hardened) armour in the middle of the ship, and a 127 mm thick rolled cemented citadel above that protecting the casemated 6" guns, which themselves have 152 mm rolled cemented gunshields. The corners of the citadel are also 152 mm rolled cemented.

The main turrets and barbettes under them are 178 mm of rolled cemented, with 25 mm rolled homogenous roofs. The 4.7" guns have 80 mm rolled cemented gunshields.

The waterline fore and aft of the main belt has a thinner belt of 102 mm cemented, conning towers are 203 mm rolled cemented at the front, and 152 mm at the rear, with 38 mm rolled homogenous roofs.

There are 3 decks of 38 mm rolled homogeneous armour - the top 2 are horizontal, the bottom one has a "step" in it allowing a higher headroom in the engine rooms.

The 2 magazines are each fully enclosed by 38 mm rolled homogenous plate.

Lastly there are 25 mm rolled homogeneous bulkheads covering the gap between the 2 main barbettes and the citadel fore and aft.

Coal bunkers line the unarmoured sides of the engine rooms.

By the standards of later times it is a complicated scheme, however it gives comprehensive protection against 6-8" guns of WW2 era cruisers.

The crew is 884 men, which is quite substantial, and they are well protected.

=== Mobility ===


{{NavalMobility}}

The ship is extremely slow, and not very manoeuvrable. Acceleration and deceleration rates are not good, and it takes a considerable time to start turning.

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===

{{main|12-inch/45 Vickers (305 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

=== Secondary armament ===

{{main|6-inch/45 Type 41 (152 mm)|4,7-inch/40 Armstrong (120 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===

{{main|3-inch/40 Type 41 (76 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Torpedo armament ===

{{main|21 inch Type 43 (1910) (533 mm)}}

''Torpedo launchers are standard equipment on many ships and boats. Torpedoes are a significant means of defeating an opponent. Evaluate the position of the torpedo launchers, discuss the ammunition available, firing specifics such as dead zones, features of the torpedoes themselves, etc. If there is no torpedo armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

The Ikoma is classed as a "battlecruiser" in War Thunder, probably because it was designated a battlecruiser by the Japanese from 1912. However it is too slow and unmanoeuvrable to be used as a "fast battleship" as battlecruisers are often considered.

It is better to consider it as the armoured cruiser it was designed as. There is no real modern counterpart to "armoured cruiser", so it is probably simplest to think of it as a slow heavy cruiser. In some respects it is comparable to the Deutschland class "Panzerschiff" (eg the [[Admiral Graf Spee]]), especially in terms of the main armament being a small number of heavy guns. It can be played in a similar manner - mostly trying to "camp" somewhere protected from torpedoes and using the small number of heavy guns to score damaging hits on easy targets.

The slow rate of fire and small number of the main guns make them difficult to use against fast moving manoeuvring targets - they are best used against large targets that lack manoeuvrability such as heavy cruisers or larger. Light cruisers, destroyers, and smaller vessels can be attacked by controlling the secondary 6" and 4.7" guns - there are 6 of each on each broadside and they can make short work of smaller ships or boats.

It is possible to manage the fire of the 2 main turrets so that they each fire separately at approximately equal intervals. This provides more opportunity to correct range, and also accurate tracking of a target that is trying to manoeuvre to avoid the heavy shells.

It is often impossible to dodge torpedoes due to the sluggish manoeuvrability, so using islands as a shield from torpedoes is recommended where they are available.

There is no effective AA armament, and aircraft can easily come down to mast height to accurately deliver bombs, rockets or torpedoes. You can only hope the rest of your team has enough AA to provide some protection. The 3 armoured decks can absorb a lot of punishment from smaller bombs, but any armour piercing bombs, or anything from 1,000 lb/500 kg upwards will cause significant damage. At this BR, heavier bombs such as 1,800 kg, 4,000 lb and 5,000 kg are common loads, and can destroy the ship with 1 or 2 hits.

Backups for this ship cost only 10 GE - cheap enough so that it is better to buy them than use universal backups - you should always use them when grinding.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Seakeeping
! colspan="2" | Unsinkability
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Dry-Docking
| Tool Set
|
| Anti-Air Armament Targeting
| 12-inch APC
| 6-inch APC
|-
| II
| Rudder Replacement
| Fire Protection System
|
| Auxiliary Armament Targeting
|
|
|-
| III
| Propeller Replacement
| Shrapnel Protection
| Ventilation
| Primary Armament Targeting
| Improved Rangefinder
|
|-
| IV
| Engine Maintenance
| New Pumps
| Ammo Wetting
|
|
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 12" main armament can wreck anything less than a battleship with a few hits;
* Heavy secondary armament of 6" and 4.7" guns is sufficient to destroy destroyers and smaller when controlled by the player;
* Heavy armour absorbs most damage from enemy guns and small-medium bombs;
* Backups cost only 10 GE.

'''Cons:'''

* Slow, and very slow to turn or accelerate/decelerate - makes dodging torpedoes difficult;
* Only 4 of the 12" guns with a very slow rate of fire (30 second reload when maxed) makes accurate shooting difficult against moving targets;
* No effective AA means opposing aircraft can press home attacks to minimum range and maximum accuracy.

== History ==

The ''Ikoma'' was the 2nd of the 2-ship ''Tsukuba'' class of armoured cruisers built by Japan. They were ordered as a result of the loss of 2 pre-dreadnought battleships to mines early in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, and were fairly standard armoured cruisers of the era, although their 12" gun main armament was heavier than others of that type. The design was rushed, and the class suffered from numerous defects during their service.

The ''Ikoma'' was laid down in March 1905, launched in April 1906, and commissioned in March 1908.

During WW1 it took part in the Japanese assault on Tsingtao in China, then escorted allied convoys in the south-west Pacific, being based in Hong Kong, Singapore and Townsville, Australia.

After the war it was scrapped to meet obligations of the Washington Naval Treaty, and removed from the navy list in September 1923.

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Japan battlecruisers}}

IJN Ikoma

2020-12-05T10:48:01Z

U24811726: /* Survivability and armour */ initial expansion from the basic template

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_armoredcruiser_ikoma}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese battlecruiser {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
The Ikoma has a typical armour scheme for an armoured cruiser its era - thick armour protecting the vitals - a waterline belt of 178 mm of rolled cemented (face hardened) armour in the middle of the ship, and a 127mm thick rolled cemented citadel above that protecting the casemated 6" guns, which themselves have 152mm rolled cemented gunshields. The corners of the citadel are also 152 mm rolled cemented.

The main turrets and barbettes under them are 178 mm of rolled cemented, with 25mm rolled homogenous roofs. The 4.7" guns have 80mm rolled cemented gunshields.

The waterline fore- and aft of the main belt has a thinner belt of 102mm cemented, conning towers are 203mm rolled cemented at the front, and 152mm at the rear, with 38mm rolled homogenous roofs.

There are 3 decks of 38mm rolled homogeneous armour - the top 2 are horizontal, the bottom one has a "step" in it allowing a higher headroom in the engine rooms.

The 2 magazines are each fully enclosed by 38mm rolled homogenous plate.

Lastly there are 25mm rolled homogeneous bulkheads covering the gap between the 2 main barbettes and the citadel fore and aft.

Coal bunkers line the unarmoured sides of the engine rooms.

By the standards of later times it is a complicated scheme, however it gives comprehensive protection against 6-8" guns of WW2 era cruisers.

The crew is 884 men, which is quite substantial, and they are well protected.

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
The ship is extremely slow, and not very maneuverable. Acceleration and deceleration rates are not good, and it takes a considerable time to start turning.

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===

{{main|12-inch/45 Vickers (305 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

=== Secondary armament ===

{{main|6-inch/45 Type 41 (152 mm)|4,7-inch/40 Armstrong (120 mm)}}

''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===

{{main|3-inch/40 Type 41 (76 mm)}}

''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Torpedo armament ===

{{main|21 inch Type 43 (1910) (533 mm)}}

''Torpedo launchers are standard equipment on many ships and boats. Torpedoes are a significant means of defeating an opponent. Evaluate the position of the torpedo launchers, discuss the ammunition available, firing specifics such as dead zones, features of the torpedoes themselves, etc. If there is no torpedo armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==
The Ikoma is classed as a "battlecruiser" in War Thunder, probably because it was designated a battlecruiser by the Japanese from 1912. However it is too slow and unmaneuverable to be used as a "fast battleship" as battlecruisers are often considered.

It is better to consider it as the armoured cruiser it was designed as. There is no real modern counterpart to "armoured cruiser", so it is probably simplest to think of it as a slow heavy cruiser. In some respects it is comparable to the Deutschland class "Panzerschiff" (eg the Graff Spee), especially in terms of the main armament being a small number of heavy guns. It can be played in a similar manner - mostly trying to "camp" somewhere protected from torpedoes and using the small number of heavy guns to score damaging hits on easy targets.

The slow rate of fire and small number of the main guns make them difficult to use against fast moving maneuvering targets - they are best used against large targets that lack maneuverability such as heavy cruisers otr larger. Light cruisers, destroyers, and smaller vessels can be attacked by controlling the secondary 6" and 4.7" guns - there are 6 of each on each broadside and they can make short work of smaller ships or boats.

It is possible to manage the fire of the 2 main turrets so that they each fire separately at approximately equal intervals. This provides more opportunity to correct range, and also accurate tracking of a target that is trying to maneuver to avoid the heavy shells.

It is often impossible to dodge torpedoes due to the sluggish maneuverability, so using islands as a shield from torpedoes is recommended where they are available.

There is no effective AA armament, and aircraft can easily come down to mast height to accurately deliver bombs, rockets or torpedoes. You can only hope the rest of your team has enough AA to provide some protection. The 3 armoured decks can absorb a lot of punishment from smaller bombs, but any armour piercing bombs, or anything from 1000lb/500kg upwards will cause significant damage. At this BR heavier bombs such as 1800kg, 4000lb and 5000kg are common loads, and can destroy the ship with 1 or 2 hits.

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! Seakeeping
! colspan="2" | Unsinkability
! colspan="3" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Dry-Docking
| Tool Set
|
| Anti-Air Armament Targeting
| 12-inch APC
| 6-inch APC
|-
| II
| Rudder Replacement
| Fire Protection System
|
| Auxiliary Armament Targeting
|
|
|-
| III
| Propeller Replacement
| Shrapnel Protection
| Ventilation
| Primary Armament Targeting
| Improved Rangefinder
|
|-
| IV
| Engine Maintenance
| New Pumps
| Ammo Wetting
|
|
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

* powerful 12" main armament can wreck anything less than a battleship with a few hits;
* heavy secondary armament of 6" and 4.7" guns is sufficient to destroy destroyers and smaller when controlled by the player;
* heavy armour absorbs most damage from enemy guns and small-medium bombs.

*

'''Cons:'''

* slow, and very slow to turn or accelerate/decelerate - makes dodging torpedoes difficult;
* only 4 of the 12" guns with a very slow rate of fire (30 second reload when maxed) makes accurate shooting difficult against moving targets;
* no effective AA means opposing aircraft can press home attacks to minimum range and maximum accuracy.

*

== History ==
The Ikoma was the 2nd of the 2-ship Tsukuba class of armoured cruisers built by Japan. They were ordered as a result of the loss of 2 pre-dreadnought battleships to mines early in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, and were fairly standard armoured cruisers of the era, although their 12" gun main armament was heavier than others of that type. The design was rushed, and the class suffered from numerous defects during their service.

The Ikoma was laid down in March 1905, launched in April 1906, and commissioned in March 1908.

During WW1 it took part in the Japanese assault on Tsingtao in China, then escorted allied convoys in hte south-west Pacific, being based in Hong Kong, Singapore and Townsville, Australia.

After the war it was scrapped to meet obligations of the Washington Naval Treaty, and removed from the navy list in September 1923.

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Japan battlecruisers}}

Br.693AB2

2020-12-03T01:56:37Z

U24811726: /* Pros and cons */ angled guns

{{Specs-Card|code=br_693_ab2}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} French attacker {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.93 "Shark Attack"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

The Br.693AB2 has impressive flight characteristics for a plane of its class. The aircraft has a great top speed of almost 500 km/h at higher altitudes when spaded, making it almost as fast as many monoplane fighters of its rank. However, be aware that the aircraft doesn't usually get that high, and is effectively limited to a max speed of 375 km/h in level flight at lower altitudes. The climb rate of this plane is also rather lacklustre, though the plane doesn't typically need to climb for any reason. The aircraft's engines are quite reliable, but will overheat if WEP is applied for too long.

However, the main advantage of this aircraft are its handling characteristics. The Br.693AB2 has a great set of control surfaces that allow it to be very snappy and responsive for a twin-engined aircraft. The plane has a decent roll rate, and moreover, a great turn rate. This means that it may be able to outturn fighters such as the Bf 109 in a turnfight. That said, the plane's energy retention characteristics are mediocre meaning that extended turning engagements are not recommended.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 471 || 458 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.8 || 20.5 || 5.4 || 5.4 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 523 || 495 || 18.8 || 19.0 || 11.0 || 7.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 430 || 320 || 294 || ~9 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 300 || < 350 || > 320
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,400 m || 670 hp || 804 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 10 mm steel seat for pilot
* 10 mm steel in front of gunner
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (3 in each wing)

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Hispano 404 (20 mm)|MAC 1934 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 20 mm Hispano 404 cannon, nose-mounted (90 rpg)
* 2 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934 machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|G.A. MMN. 50 (50 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 8 x 50 kg G.A. MMN. 50 bombs (400 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|MAC 1934T (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934T machine gun, dorsal turret (500 rpg)
* 1 x 7.5 mm MAC 1934T machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)

Note: Both turrets are operated by the same gunner, so both turrets become disabled if the single gunner is knocked out. As well, the ventral turret cannot rotate at all meaning that it is essentially useless in rear defence.

== Usage in battles ==

The Br.693AB2 is an excellent starting attacker with forgiving flight characteristics. It can be used for a variety of missions depending on the pilot's needs. The aircraft can be employed as a traditional attacker, destroying softer ground targets. It can also be used as a bomber-hunter or air-defence fighter, making use of its great handling and heavy frontal armament. However, take note that the frontal armament is angled slightly downwards making it slightly harder to aim against air targets. In general, there are two main playstyles / approaches for this aircraft, highlighted below:

'''Ground attack / CAS:'''

This strategy utilises the aircraft's strong main armament and secondary bomb payload to destroy enemy targets. Note that the aircraft doesn't carry large bombs or rockets. This is a major limitation, making hard-target destruction impossible unless you have an insane level of accuracy. This means that the aircraft is ideal for destroying softer targets such as AA guns and armoured cars. To attack these, the bombs can be a good option - simply drop 1-2 to destroy a target, and remember to set a bomb fuse timer. The 20 mm Hispano 404 cannon is also quite effective against ground targets, which further increases the lethality of the aircraft.

In mixed battles, the aircraft can be utilised in the same way. However, the 50 kg bombs are quite ineffective against any hard targets, meaning it would be wise to target softer targets such as SPAAs or SPGs. Just remember to avoid taking too much flak, as the aircraft's fuselage isn't too strong.

'''Anti-Air / Bomber hunter:'''

This strategy utilises the aircraft's airspawn, good agility and frontal armament to destroy enemy air targets. At the start of a match, immediately start climbing to reach the highest altitude possible. At that point, start looking for potential targets to engage. Often times, the aircraft's climb rate will prevent you from reaching higher altitudes in time, but lower-flying attackers and bombers are all good targets.

When flying this aircraft in an anti-air role, make sure to fly defensively. Watch for any fighters who look like they might try to Boom & Zoom on you, as the aircraft's airframe isn't too strong and won't be able to tank too much damage. Against early fighters and biplanes, a B & Z strategy works well as the aircraft can attain high speeds in dives. Against faster monoplanes, a more defensive approach must be taken. Some turning can occur but '''never''' get into an extended turn fight as the plane will lose energy quite rapidly in extended turns.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="3" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
| Offensive 7 mm
| Turret 7 mm
|
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| New 7 mm MGs
| New 7 mm MGs (turret)
| Offensive 20 mm
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
|
|
|
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
|
|
| New 20 mm cannons
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Offensive guns are nose-mounted meaning that convergence isn't an issue
** Take note that the guns are tilted slightly downwards, which can take some getting used to in air combat, but makes shooting ground targets easier.
* Has surprisingly responsive controls and good manoeuvrability for a twin-engined fighter
* Main armament is relatively hard-hitting and can also carry some bombs for ground-attack
* Has a dorsal defensive turret with strong firing angles, and a fixed ventral machine gun
* Gets an Airspawn in Realistic battles

'''Cons'''

* Doesn't carry heavy weapons meaning that it is much more difficult to destroy harder targets
** Cannot carry rockets or bombs over 50 kg
* Lacking climb rate prevents it from getting to bomber altitude in a timely manner
* Ventral machine gun is fixed-firing meaning that the bottom quadrant is virtually unprotected

== History ==


Originally designed in response to a 1934 requirement for a three-seat heavy fighter, the Bréguet Bre.690C.3 (C.3 signifying it was a fighter manned by a 3-man crew) was rejected in favour of the Potez 630C.3 as Bréguet had chosen to ignore weight specifications that it found impossible to meet, instead proposing it to the French military as a multi-purpose aircraft. Following this rejection, Bréguet then revised it as a two-seat attack aircraft, with the navigator's position deleted and replaced by a bomb bay capable of holding 460 kg of bombs, and a revised armament of one fixed forward-firing 20 mm cannon supplemented by 2 forward firing 7.5 mm machine guns, one fixed rearward-firing 7.5 mm machine gun in a ventral position, and one flexible 7.5 mm machine gun manned by the rear gunner.

The revised Bre.691AB.2 (AB.2 signifying it was an assault bomber manned by a 2-man crew) first flew in March 1938, leading to a production run of 78 aircraft with Hispano-Suiza 14 engines. Planned production for the Bre.692AB.2 with Gnome-Rhòne 14N engines never went ahead; instead 254 Bre.693AB.2s with Gnome-Rhòne 14M engines were built. Due to a perceived shortage of Gnome-Rhòne engines, Bréguet was also ordered to adapt the design so it could be powered by imported US-built engines: this led to a production run of 50 Bre.695AB.2s powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1830-SB4G Twin Wasp engines. Other projected variants were the Bre.694R.2 reconnaissance version; the Bre.696B.2 bomber version, which had been cancelled in favour of the Bre.693AB.2; and the Bre.697C.2 heavy fighter prototype.

Unfortunately, the Bréguet 690 family saw its career cut short by the Battle of France (May 10 - June 22 1940). France had been late to start the rearmament of its military, originally keeping itself to the strict disarmament treaties of the 1920s, and then finding itself unable to acquire modern military designs due to the economic crisis of the early 1930s. At the time of the German invasion, only 75 of the Bre.691s, 128 of the Bre.693s and 8 of the Bre.695s had been delivered; of these, 119 would go on to be lost during the hectic days of May and June 1940.

While the Bréguet Bre 690 family had been a technically sound design, it was based on an outdated concept: it had been conceived as a low-level, level bomber as the French military did not believe in dive bombers, and thought that tree-top level strafing and bombing of enemy targets gave a better survivability. This was entirely based on the then-current French Army's mobile air defences, which on the one hand consisted of hand-held light calibre machine guns, and on the other hand of World War I vintage slow-firing cannons. By the time the Bre.690 family had started entering service, the French military itself had remedied this defensive gap by the purchase of heavy calibre machine guns and quick-firing cannons; on the German side the Flak 38 had emerged as a potent threat to this flawed tactic, yet despite this no changes were made to the tactical thinking behind the Bréguet Bre.693.

The type saw its first combat on May 12th 1940, when 18 aircraft of the GBA II/54 and I/51 were deployed against German columns advancing through Belgium; the mission quickly revealed the flaws in the level bomber tactic, as the aircraft were easy targets to the quick-firing Flak 38s that were providing cover to the German troops. Out of 18 aircraft, 10 were lost with the loss of 11 crew taken prisoner and 4 crew killed. The disaster prompted the French high command to switch roles of the Bre.690 to that of shallow dive-bomber, a role for which it never had been built: the aircraft lacked a dive-bombing sight and dive brakes, and while the dive-bombing attacks did decrease vulnerability to AA fire, it increased the inaccuracy of its bombing, and made the type more vulnerable to enemy fighters. As a result, 119 of 211 Bréguet 691, 693 and 695s delivered to the French Air Force were lost during the Battle of France with a further 14 too heavily damaged to be repaired.

When defeat became inevitable, the French military started evacuating numerous aircraft to its North African territories in the hope they could continue the fight against Germany from there, but when it came to the Bréguets this proved impossible as they did not have the range to make it across the Mediterranean. The survivors (plus the remainder of the aircraft not yet completed at the time of the French surrender) were pressed into service with the French Vichy Air Force or used as trainers by the Luftwaffe.

Other users of the Bre.690 series were the Italian Regia Aeronautica, which received a small number of Bre.693s as trainers in 1943, and Belgium, which had ordered 32 Bre.694s, and of which the first completed aircraft was undergoing trials in France at the time of the Battle of France. Sweden had placed an order for 12 Bre.694s, to be completed as S10 reconnaissance aircraft, but France fell before any could be built and the order was cancelled as a result.

== Media ==


;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Bréguet 693 WTWallpaper 001.jpg
File:Bréguet 693 WTWallpaper 002.jpg
File:Bréguet 693 WTWallpaper 003.jpg
File:Bréguet 693 WTWallpaper 004.jpg
File:Bréguet 693 WTWallpaper 005.jpg
</gallery>

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6430-development-br%C3%A9guet-693a-b2-french-flavoured-ground-attack-en|[Development] Bréguet 693A-B2: French Flavoured Ground Attack]]

{{AirManufacturer Breguet}}
{{France twin-engine fighters and attackers}}

ZSD63/PG87

2020-11-09T22:47:22Z

U24811726: /* Main armament */ change emphasis away from engaging ground units with AP to being good AA for team. De-emphasis using AP belt.

{{Specs-Card|code=cn_zsd63_pg87}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese SPAA {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Starfighters"]].

The ZSD63 is currently the first vehicle in the Chinese SPAA line and offers some much needed anti-air capabilities to Chinese tankers. Though it looks rather like a jury-rigged technical from the Middle East, having a turret with twin autocannons grafted on an APC chassis, it packs some serious firepower for its rank. A slight brush from the ZSD63's rapid-fire cannons will tear most aircraft to shreds. Lightly armoured ground vehicles will also learn to fear the onslaught of AP rounds, which cut through them like a buzzsaw. While it has excellent firepower, the defensive capabilities are very lacking; the large size and paper-thin armour make it an attractive target to anything on the battlefield. Other issues include the limited belt size, with each gun only having 40 rounds, and the truly abysmal reload speed. Despite these challenges, the ZSD63 can be a very fun vehicle to play and will serve well as an anti-air vehicle even beyond its lowly rank; the succeeding Chinese SPAAs have a much lower rate of fire and are harder to use against aerial targets until the [[WZ305]] and its fused shells are researched.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear
|-
| Hull || 12 mm || 8 mm || 8 mm
|-
| Turret || 8 mm || 8 mm || 8 mm
|-
|}

Despite its armoured box look, one would be hard pressed to call the ZSD63 "armoured". The armour is almost entirely 8 mm thick all-around, save for the 12 mm upper glacis. The near vertical sides may as well be unprotected. Adding insult to injury is the high mounted open top turret with the crews' heads exposed on top like pumpkins. Even coaxial rifle-calibre machine guns stand a fair chance of penetrating this vehicle. While you might survive a few glancing bullets or have shots pass through the empty rear compartment, the best survival tactic is to avoid being seen and stay close to cover for quick retreats after firing off a few bursts.

On the other hand, the extremely thin armor will result in most shells over-penetrating, given that most fuse sensitivities are around 10 mm. An over penetration through the empty space is likely to do little to no damage. Although you might survive, it is still a clear warning that you are exposed to lethal firepower and you should immediately relocate if possible.

Note that the ZSD63 can be hull-broken. Avoid being hit by HEAT or HE rounds.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=389|rbMinHp=237|AoAweight=}}

Mobility is good, though somewhat underwhelming compared to what the statistics might suggest. With 19 hp/ton, the ZSD63 accelerates to 60 km/h forward on paved roads and the suspension works quite nicely on all kinds of terrain. Off-road speed is less impressive, topping at around 30-35 km/h. The 8 km/h reverse speed leaves something to be desired but is better than most contemporary vehicles. Overall, the ZSD63 is mobile enough to follow teammates and flank, though it is not exactly lightning fast and there should be no expectation of arriving at the battlefield far ahead of everyone else.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|PG87 (25 mm)}}

The {{PAGENAME}} is arguably the most lethal autocannon system at its rank in-game. Each cannon fires a staggering 10 rounds per second (600 rpm) with extremely high velocity and precision. The excellent turret traverse speed makes tracking targets very easy. Aircraft are instant confetti under its FI-T rounds. Although the AP-T penetration at 100 meters is only 60 mm, declining to 47 mm at 500 meters, the high fire rate and high velocity allow multiple hits at weak points until a kill shot is made. Light tanks, tank destroyers, and other SPAAs are generally easy targets. Medium units should not be too difficult to eliminate either, and even heavy tanks can be disabled by the cannons when aimed at vulnerable locations. The weaknesses are the limited belt capacity and the extremely long reload time, so be highly conservative with your fire control. This monster will be just as effective in Rank VII as in Rank II.

The default belt is a 50/50 mix of AP-T and FI-T. This does a pretty good job for anti-air operations, and is perfectly adequate for the sort of ground targets you should be engaging - lightly armored vehicles. The pure AP-T load is better but a needless expense. There is also a pure FI-T belt that is high effective versus aircraft but essentially useless against ground targets; it is not of much use since the default belt is almost as effective and can still deal with ground targets adequately. Using just the default belt avoids the potential for having the wrong belt loaded - it is good for all targets

Avoid trying to switch belts in the middle of combat as might be done for other SPAAs. Doing so will put the guns out of commission for potentially more than 30 seconds, which is unhelpful to say the least if there are enemies around. Spending minutes to switch belts for different targets only makes you defenseless and vulnerable.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[PG87 (25 mm)|25 mm PG87]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 480 (40) || rowspan="2" | 600 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+90° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 47.6 || 65.8 || 79.9 || 88.8 || 94.0 || rowspan="2" | 32.5 || rowspan="2" | 28.8 || rowspan="2" | 26.5 || rowspan="2" | 25
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 32.1 || 37.8 || 45.9 || 50.8 || 54.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''Type 87 AP:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''Type 87 HE:''' {{Annotation|FI-T|Fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| Default || 63 || 60 || 47 || 35 || 26 || 19
|-
| Type 87 AP || 63 || 60 || 47 || 35 || 26 || 19
|-
| Type 87 HE || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Belt details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Belt
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| Type 87 AP || AP-T || 1,050 || 0.25 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Type 87 HE || FI-T || 1,050 || 0.25 || N/A || 0.1 || 19 || 47° || 56° || 65°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''12''' || 10 ''(+2)'' || 8 ''(+4)'' || 6 ''(+6)'' || 4 ''(+8)'' || 2 ''(+10)'' || 0 ''(+12)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* A box of ammunition contains 40 projectiles.
* A rack consists of 2 boxes.

== Usage in battles ==


The main job for this vehicle is providing effective defense for your team against enemy aircraft. Avoid firing continuously for longer than 1 second or so. The cannons have noticeable recoil and the limited ammunition capacity does not allow for much "Spray and Pray". Before any planes spawn, it is recommended to locate yourself between the points and the spawn, and find some hard cover. This way you can get close to most of your teammates and target incoming planes easier, you don't need to worry about getting shot by enemy tanks, and you can use the covers to dodge strafing planes. Then, as soon as an enemy plane spawns, slowly shoot single salvos towards it to draw its attention. Most planes will go head on for an easy SPAA kill, knowing that all SPAA have weak armor and not-lethal-enough firepower. If it is a bomber, position your hull sideways for quick retreat from bombs. Planes diving straight towards the ZSD63 are very threatening, but at the same time they present easy no-deflection targets; use your great gunsight magnification to work out the plane's flying path, and spray a 1-sec burst of 25 mm rounds in their flight path. 1-3 hits will shred most planes apart. With this method a 40-round clip can take out 1-2 planes. Fire conservatively if the target is not flying directly towards or away from the ZSD63.

When attacking ground units, be extremely cautious and avoid exposing your weak armour. The best approach for engaging ground units is do not do so except for the lightest ones. The pure AP (AP-T) belt doubles the chance of penetrating hits but changing belts is time consuming, and you should not be engaging ground targets where the default belt isn't enough in the first place. Wide flanking manoeuvres allow you to attack the weak sides of light targets, but are likely to leave you exposed and without any support yourself - so an easy target. Going wide, you will likely encounter other weakly armoured units like the popular [[M24 (Family)|M24 Chaffee]], which is very vulnerable to the 25 mm cannons. Know your targets and aim for weak points. The ubiquitous Shermans are generally tough customers from the front, where at most the transmission housings or perhaps ventilators can be penetrated, but the terrible hull side armour is a good target. The lower side armour behind the tracks is an especially good weak point if facing Shermans with applique side armour, and spraying a wide burst in that area can knock out the transmission, ammo, and driver. Other medium tanks like the [[Pz.IV F2]] and [[Chi-Nu]] are vulnerable from the front at close range. T-34s are tougher targets and can only be reliably penetrated frontally in the turret cheeks (for "small turret" models like the [[T-34 (1940)]]) or the turret ring at close range. The hull sides are thicker and better sloped than other medium tanks and also have fuel tanks protecting the turret crew, so during flanking attacks, try to shoot the lower hull armour to knock out the engine and driver/machine gunner before going for the turret side. The AP round does not have explosive filler so multiple penetrating hits are needed to defeat a tank. Remember that the ZSD63 also has access to artillery, a very useful spoiler to keep your targets off balance.

For self-defence, it is important to know how to disable opponents quickly and efficiently, with minimal time and ammunition expenditure. Obviously the optimal situation is to knock out a target's crew before they can attack the ZSD63, but this will not always be possible. The twin cannons can destroy tracks and tires almost instantly, but for turreted vehicles this will not prevent the target from returning fire. If only one track is destroyed, even a casemate tank destroyer can potentially scoot around enough to fire back (though this can expose their sides). Destroying the engine is a good move when shooting from the sides or rear for this reason. Destroying gun barrels is also a good idea, but this can be difficult if said barrel is pointed directly at you, presenting a small cross section. Destroying turret rings can also be helpful, but this is not really possible outside of close quarters, and some tanks like Shermans don't even have vulnerable turret rings. Juggling these techniques takes practice, and some may end up using a lot of ammo, so it's best not to use the ZSD63 offensively against multiple well-armoured opponents. Damage targets just enough to save yourself and allow your teammates to finish them off. A target with upgraded crew skills might be able to repair their damage before the ZSD63 can reload!

Note that the default gun camera seems to be located between the guns, as a result when shooting at a target your vision will be mostly obstructed by the muzzle smoke. Some solutions include moving slightly away from the old spot to get out of the smoke, or use the "camera from gunner sight" option, although it may not be practical for other tanks.

Expect to go to allied cap zones more than most vehicles to replenish ammo and possibly another crew member.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

* [[R3 T20 FA-HS]]: This popular Italian vehicle should be a player's priority target to hunt, if playing in an anti tank mode. It is extremely fast on road and bears a very deadly 20 mm rapid-firing autocannon. With the high fire rate and great speed, it can appear at unexpected positions and easily finish the {{PAGENAME}} with a 2-second burst. To deal with it, the full AP belt is very handy. Aim at the front half of its hull and tap to fire single salvos, and the {{PAGENAME}} can knock out all of its crews quickly.
* [[Wirbelwind]]: this is another big threat. It has two types of AP belts, and both of them can penetrate the {{PAGENAME}};s armor. Plus the good firerate and four barrels it can be equally deadly as the R3 T20. It also has better survivability in terms of hull armor and crew number: 80 mm of frontal armor means that the {{PAGENAME}}'s guns cannot penetrate it in a frontal encounter, while the rather spread out crew makes it harder to knock it out in time. Aim at its turret and wipe out all the turret crew to disarm it. Of course, aim at the hull side / rear if it's not facing the {{PAGENAME}} frontally.
* [[Ju 87 (Family)|Ju 87]], [[Bf 110 (Family)|Bf 110]]<nowiki>, etc: Care should be taken when facing against bomb-equipped planes since even if they are considered destroyed, they can still drop their bombs around the {{PAGENAME which, given its weak armor, will likely result in the vehicle getting destroyed by the bombs. Common examples include the Ju 87 and Bf 110 series as they can carry bombs of up to 1,000 kg which is a huge threat. As mentioned above, find hard cover and point the hull sideways so the </nowiki>{{PAGENAME}} can quickly get away from the bombs.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| Type 87 HE
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
| Type 87 AP
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
|
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
| Artillery Support
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent firepower against both planes and light & medium tanks
* Great -10 degrees gun depression allows sneaky shots in hilly terrain
* High top speed allows it to get to positions in time
* Thin armour can lead to some shells over-penetrating without detonation (e.g. 122 mm)
* Huge gap behind the driving compartment and below the turret can absorb shells
* Great gunsight magnification allows easy snipes from long range

'''Cons:'''

* Very poor survivability due to its light armour and open-topped turret
* Fuel tanks are easily set on fire
* Extremely long reload time of up to 32 seconds
* High profile makes it easier to get spotted and shot at
* Requires expert fire control since the firerate can empty the magazine quickly and the reload is very long
* AP is still not enough to penetrate heavy tanks even point blank range

== History ==


The 装甲输送车 (Zhuangjia Shusong Che, Armoured Personnel Carrier) ZSD63 was China's first domestic armoured vehicle design. China initiated the work in 1958 with a prototype finished in 1960. It is also sometimes called the "Type 63", both a name system used to refer to Julian year of production start. The basic steel box design is simple and functional, designed for small arms protection and have all terrain operation with amphibious capabilities. Although it is a domestic Chinese design, the Soviet design influence is strongly visible. Thousands have been produced with hundreds sold to other countries making it one of the most successful military vehicles built.

This SPAA version mounts a turret on the roof armed with twin PG87 which is based on the Soviet ZU-23-2 23 mm auto cannon which was modified to use domestically produced 25x183B 25 mm rounds. As the name suggests, this weapon was put in production in 1987 making for a retrofit of an approximately 23 year old chassis. This turret seems to be literally mounted on the roof, as there is no hole into the hull of the ZSD, likely an attempt to maintain is amphibious ability despite additional weight. In addition, a pair of extending feet for stabilization were added, but are not functional in-game. It is likely in real world operation the vehicle had to be stationary, feet planted, and crew externally passing the large and heavy ammo magazines to the loaders on top.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=china&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=spaa&vehicle=cn_zsd63_pg87 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|QAM5QTzjZLg|'''Spade Review: {{PAGENAME}}. A Powerful but limited AA''' - ''Joseph 2000''}}

== See also ==


;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[Wirbelwind]]
* [[Crusader AA Mk II]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6702-development-zsd-63-twin-barrel-mower-en|[Devblog] ZSD63: twin-barrel mower]]
* [[wikipedia:Type_63_(armoured_personnel_carrier)|[Wikipedia] Type 63 (armoured personnel carrier)]]

{{China anti-aircraft vehicles}}

SU-85A

2020-09-17T23:40:13Z

U24811726: /* Mobility */ add "add" to give correct meaning

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_su_85a
|market=SU-85A (USSR)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet tank destroyer {{Battle-rating}}. This vehicle was offered as a reward during the [[wt:en/news/5962-special-festive-quest-en|2018 Festive Quest]] event.

This tank destroyer was created for testing at the end of 1943, as a potential successor of the SU-76M. The most notable difference was the replacement of the older 76 mm gun with an adapted version of an 85 mm anti-aircraft cannon. Ultimately the vehicle was not accepted for anything beyond testing due to poor mechanical performance.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


Like the SU-76M that the SU-85A was developed from, the SU-85A's armour leaves a lot to be desired. The chassis itself is loosely based off of the light tanks T-70 and T-80- As a result, the lower frontal plate is 30 mm RHA, the upper plate and front of the crew compartment is 25 mm RHA, and the gun mantlet is 35 mm. There is a relatively small additional armour plate (25 mm) that is welded onto the upper frontal plate in front of the engines to give them slightly better protection. The sides and rear are 15 mm (hull) and 10 mm (crew compartment), making this vehicle vulnerable to heavy machine gunfire. This vehicle is also open-topped, making it a prime target for fighters looking to strafe an easy kill. All in all, this vehicle is the embodiment of a "glass cannon", unable to defend itself from anything but perhaps a glancing blow.

At Battle Rating 4.0, where one of the most common ammunition types used is APHE/APCBC, this vehicle has abysmal survivability. In most cases, the armour is just thick enough to arm the fuse in these shells- With a large fuel tank, lots of ammunition, and a crew packed into such a tight space, it is likely the shell will do crippling damage or knock the tank out with a single hit.

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 199|rbMinHp= 124|}}

The {{PAGENAME}}'s manoeuvrability is exactly what one might expect when the tank designers start with a light tank and add weight without increasing engine power- not amazing. It has two coupled 70 horsepower motors, giving it a combined output of 140 HP. Weighing in at 12.2 tons, it has a power to weight of almost 11.5 horsepower per ton. As it utilizes high-revving gasoline motors, the {{PAGENAME}} doesn't have nearly as much torque to help it move around had it been powered by diesel.

Maximum speed forwards is an acceptable 40 km/h with four forward gears, and maximum speed in reverse is -5 km/h with a single reverse gear. Across flat off-road terrain, it cruises comfortably at 30-35 km/h.

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|D-5S (85 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[D-5S (85 mm)|85 mm D-5S]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 42 || rowspan="2" | -4°/+18° || rowspan="2" | ±8.5° || rowspan="2" | N/A || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__ || rowspan="2" | _.__
|-
! ''Realistic''
| __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

The {{PAGENAME}} has a powerful main gun which is the same cannon as the SU-85. In a battle at its rank, the {{PAGENAME}} can one-shot almost all enemy tanks and the reloading time is good but not exceptional (9.4 seconds). However, with crew training, the reloading can be enhanced to under 9 seconds, making the difference between life and death on the battlefield. In terms of ballistics, the gun is very accurate and doesn't drop too much. Under 1,000 meters, there will not be a need to compensate for the Earth curvature.

==== Ammunition ====
The BR-365 APHE standard shell can pierce up to 143 mm of armour at 100 meters at 0°, which is more than enough to deal with the frontal armour of any opponent. The ultimate shell for this tank is the BR-365P APCR shell which can pierce 187 mm of armour at 100 meters (0°)! And with the explosive power of the O-365K HE shell will have devastating power over soft targets and lightly armoured vehicles.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration @ 0° Angle of Attack (mm)'''
|-
! 10 m !! 100 m !! 500 m !! 1,000 m !! 1,500 m !! 2,000 m
|-
| BR-365K || APHE || 148 || 143 || 126 || 106 || 90 || 77
|-
| BR-365A || APHEBC || 135 || 133 || 125 || 115 || 106 || 97
|-
| BR-365P || APCR || 195 || 187 || 154 || 120 || 94 || 74
|-
| O-365K || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" | Velocity (m/s)
! rowspan="2" | Projectile Mass (kg)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse delay (m)
! rowspan="2" | Fuse sensitivity (mm)
! rowspan="2" | Explosive Mass (TNT equivalent) (g)
! colspan="3" | Ricochet
|-
! 0% !! 50% !! 100%
|-
| BR-365K || APHE || 792 || 9.2 || 1.2 || 14 || 73.92 || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| BR-365A || APHEBC || 792 || 9.2 || 1.2 || 14 || 164 || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| BR-365P || APCR || 1,050 || 4.99 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| O-365K || HE || 793 || 9.54 || 0.1 || 0.3 || 660 || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]
'''Last updated: 1.101.0.75'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''42''' || 38 ''(+4)'' || 31 ''(+11)'' || 1 ''(+41)'' || No
|-
|}
Notes:

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Open-topped compartment empty of ammo: 31 ''(+11)''.

== Usage in battles ==


In Tank realistic battles, this vehicle plays best from the sidelines in a support role. It does not possess the speed to rush anywhere, even if it is not slow. It does not have the ability to take a hit without enduring crippling damage. It can hide behind walls and relatively low cover and remain hidden where a taller light or medium tank would likely be spotted. Its gun is superior to other guns at its BR range, such as American short 75 and 76 mm guns commonly found on Shermans and German 75 mm guns found on Panzer IV's. As such, the SU-85A can typically penetrate most tanks it battles against through their frontal armour out to distances in excess of a kilometre.

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Mobility
! Protection
! colspan="2" | Firepower
|-
| I
| Tracks
|
| Parts
| Horizontal Drive
| BR-365A
|-
| II
| Suspension
| Brake System
| FPE
| Adjustment of Fire
|
|-
| III
| Filters
|
| Crew Replenishment
| Elevation Mechanism
| BR-365P
|-
| IV
| Transmission
| Engine
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="6" |This is a premium vehicle: all modifications are unlocked on purchase
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful 85mm D5-S cannon at a low rank
* Relatively small target / low silhouette
* Great choices of ammunition to deal with all opponents

'''Cons:'''

* Armor is not thick enough to protect the crew from much of anything, making the vehicle a "glass cannon".
* Open-topped (Often strafed by planes)
* Crew is grouped tightly together - A penetrating shot that does not result in ammunition or fuel detonation will likely incapacitate several crew members.

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ground vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR tank destroyers}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}
{{Winter Event}}

TT-250

2020-03-03T20:13:38Z

U24811726: /* Description */ spelling

== Description ==

The TT-250 is a large caliber high explosive rocket that is used on the RBT-5 event vehicle. The TT-250 is one of the most dangerous weapons in War Thunder with the ability to cause major damage or destroy almost any armoured vehicle that is hit by it. It is limited by only having two of them present on a BT-5 hull, as well as having very awkward aiming and flight characteristics. Although they are a rare sight, TT-250 can bring great rewards to those who are able to use it wisely and a swift end to those on the receiving end.

The rocket, or "tank torpedo," was developed in the early 1930s as a potential armament for armoured vehicles. It was selected to be placed on a BT-5 and the arrangement of having two placed into launchers on the turret was selected, creating the RBT-5. Tests were conducted from around 1933 to 1935 but the project was ultimately cancelled to the limited use of the vehicle. This would not be the last time that the Soviet Union attempted to create a "rocket tank," although it was certainly one of the earliest pursuits.

=== Vehicles equipped with this weapon ===


* {{Specs-Link|ussr_rbt_5}}

== General info ==
''Tell us about the tactical and technical characteristics of the bomb.''

=== Effective damage ===


The TT-250 has the capability to destroy any tank in the game, even those that are large and very heavily armoured. The direct high explosive damage dealt on impact is enough to instantly destroy a '''''{{Specs-Link|germ_pzkpfw_Maus}}''''', so any other tank stands little chance of survival. There is a degree of splash damage, although it is generally only effective against small and lightly armoured vehicles. Any direct hit to a tank is very likely to destroy whatever it hits.

=== Comparison with analogues ===


The TT-250 is largely unlike any other rocket in the game, and thus effectively has no direct analogues. However, there are other rockets that are used in a similar manner, only not to the same degree of effectiveness.

* '''[[M13|M13 Rocket]]''' - The M13, used on the BM-13N, has similar constraints as the TT-250 such as a minimum elevation that is a positive angle. The BM-13N does have 16 rockets although they only have around 5 kg of explosive mass, which can still devastate lightly armoured vehicles, but will struggle to defeat large tanks and may need multiple rockets to disable or destroy them.
* '''[[S-24|S-24 Rocket]]''' - The S-24, found on several Soviet fixed and rotor-wing aircraft, has a similar weight (235 kg) to the TT-250. However, it has far less explosive mass (25.5 kg) which requires a direct hit on a vehicle to inflict damage.
* '''[[Tiny Tim|Tiny Tim Rocket]]''' - The Tiny Tim, used on American fighters and attackers, is an example of a large diameter rocket (298 mm) intended for demolition / anti-shipping use. While the explosive power of the Tiny Tim is only about half (63.5 kg) of the TT-250, it has a semi-armour piercing warhead which does allow for significant damage or total destruction against a target if directly hit.

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe situations when you would utilize this bomb in game (vehicle, pillbox, base, etc)''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Incredible destructive power which can destroy nearly any vehicle with a direct hit
* Splash damage capable of inflicting severe damage on lightly armoured vehicles with a near miss

'''Cons:'''

* Minimum elevation of launcher prohibits direct fire, giving a minimum range of nearly 0.25 km
* No guidance system and only two rockets available, meaning that aiming is both very difficult and missing is extremely punishing

== History ==

During the development of the BT-5 high speed tank, there were various other projects aimed at modifying and improving the BT-5 in different ways. Some were implementing underwater and swimming devices to the tank, switching out the engine for a diesel with 300 HP, and there was an idea to create a "rocket tank." Carried out under the direction of the Office of Motorization and Mechanization of Red Army (УММ РККА), these tests were often just single designs testing out a new concept and observing the successes and failures of each idea. Work on the BT-5 experiments began in October 1933 and an engineer was tasked with fitting a 250 kg "tank torpedo" (TT) to the BT-5. The main idea was to be an effective weapon against enemy heavy tanks and breaking through heavily fortified areas.<ref name="BTTank1" />

The TT-250 was first tested from 1931 to 1932, where short range tests between 300 and 1800 meters were conducted at a scientific research test site in Leningrad and at a training ground near Kuzminki. Following the testing, it was decided to mount them onto a tank. By the end of 1933, the idea of having two of these mounted as an additional armament to the BT-5 was realized and the new name of RBT-5 was given to this design.<ref name="BTTank1" /> The rockets were placed into launching bins on either of the turret, with vertical guidance being performed by a geared mechanism from inside of the turret and horizontal guidance being provided by the rotation of the turret. Maximum elevation of the launcher was 48° which allowed targets to be engaged up to 1500 meters away with an electric firing mechanism. The rocket was 420 mm in diameter and 1805 mm in length and consisted of a 130 kg warhead with a secondary charge of 13.5 kg weight in the tail. Fuses from aerial bombs were used to detonate the rocket on impact or at a time delay, and the head of the rocket had an armoured cap to protect it.<ref name="BTTank2" />

The project was ultimately cancelled due to the limited range and low chance to hit a target, along with the added vulnerability of the RBT-5. Work was performed on 100 kg and 300 kg variants although these were also eventually cancelled. Out of the failure of the TT-250 and the RBT-5 came the idea of mounting RS-132 rockets to the BT-5, but this too was only an experiment.<ref name="BTTank2" />

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article would be a video guide, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the article about the variant of the weapon;''
* ''references to approximate analogues by other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* Pavlov, M, Zheltov I., and I. Pavlov. ''BT Tank.'' Moscow: Eksprint, 2001. ISBN: '''[https://isbnsearch.org/isbn/5940380190 5-94038-019-0]'''

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="BTTank1">M. Pavlov, I. Zheltov and I. Pavlov, ''BT Tank'' (Moscow: Eksprint, 2001), p. 63.</ref>
<ref name="BTTank2">Ibid., p. 64.</ref>
</references>

{{Rockets}}

[[Category:Suspended armaments]]

Matilda III

2020-02-27T22:15:33Z

U24811726: the page name is wrong - there was no such tank as Matilda III - the mk II infantry tank is the valentine - so using the page name in the text gives incorrect text. I don't know how to change hte page name sorry.

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_a_12_mk_2_matilda_2
|market=Matilda Mk II (USSR)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Matilda Mk II.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''A12 Mk.II Matilda II''' (or just '''Matilda II''') is a Rank II British heavy tank with a battle rating of 3.0 (AB) and 2.7 (RB/SB). It was introduced in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]] along with the rest of the initial British Ground Forces Tree. The Matilda II in the game reflects its real-life counterpart with its extreme slow speed, but formidable front armour.

The Matilda is a great character on the battlefield. The name and its historical significance makes the Matilda a more noteworthy target than your teammates. The Matilda should be played like most other heavy tanks, absorbing damage for your team mates and dealing damage against the enemy as they try to penetrate your armour. Stay away from the front line to maximise armour effectiveness with distance.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Cast homogeneous armour (Front hull, Turret, Side top)
* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull side, Hull rear, Hull roof

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 75 mm (0-7°) ''Front plate'' 22-47 mm (69°) ''Front glacis'' 22-78 mm (12-46°) ''Joint area'' 22 mm + 40 mm (56°) ''Lower glacis'' || 70 mm (21-26°) ''Top'' 40 + 25 mm ''Bottom''|| 20 mm (32-79°) ''Top'' 55 mm (25°) ''Bottom'' || 20 mm 35 mm ''Driver's port''
|-
| Turret || 75 mm (1-48°) ''Turret front'' 75 mm (0-22°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 75 mm (0-22°) || 75 mm || 18 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 75 mm (6-7°) || 18 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are both 20 mm thick.
* Side skirts are not all flat. Small protrusions in the center area go inwards by 54° and are 13 mm thick, giving that portion 40 + 13 mm thick.
* Smoke Launchers on right side of tank.
* On the frontal lower glacis there's another 40 mm thick armor plate right behind 22 mm thick armour.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 27.3 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 25.5 (AB)
|-
|24.0 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|245
|302
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|168
|190
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|8.97
|11.06
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|6.15
|6.96
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Ordnance QF 2-pounder (40 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Ordnance QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|40 mm OQF 2-pounder]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 93 || -20°/+20° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 11.9 || 16.5 || 20.0 || 22.1 || 23.5
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.6 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 71 || 68 || 52 || 37 || 27 || 19
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APCBC/T || APCBC || 88 || 83 || 64 || 46 || 33 || 24
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 80 || 78 || 67 || 56 || 47 || 40
|-
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 65 || 62 || 49 || 36 || 26 || 20
|-
| Shell Mk.2 || HE || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Shot Mk.1 AP/T || AP || 792 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APCBC/T || APCBC || 792 || 1.24 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Shot Mk.1 APHV/T || AP || 853 || 1.08 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.1 AP/T || APHE || 792 || 1.08 || 1.2 || 9 || 19 || +4° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| Shell Mk.2 || HE || 687 || 1.34 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 85 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_Matilda Mk II.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] for the Matilda Mk II]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''93''' || 87 ''(+6)'' || 79 ''(+14)'' || 64 ''(+29)'' || 53 ''(+40)'' || 41 ''(+52)'' || 29 ''(+64)'' || 15 ''(+78)'' || 1 ''(+92)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

Turret empty: 53 ''(+40)''

===== Optics =====

''Explain how the optic's status can affect the tank's gameplay in any unique or meaningful way. A comparison to rival tanks of the rank is welcome.''

''If you are having problems with it, refer to the [[Optics|optics gallery]] page for examples.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! Which ones
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| x1.85 || x3.5 
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2;" style="text-align:center;" | [[Chi-Nu]]
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,000 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

If attacking, the Matilda should take point in the attacking force (if your team will wait for you) and crawl slowly towards the enemy locations with support from your team members. Stop and fire at any target that reveals itself to attack you. When defending, park some distance away from a choke point to a vital area and blast enemies as they try to enter. Remember to maintain team support so that enemies don't try to out manoeuvre you. Make sure to keep a safe distance away from the enemy to maximise the effectiveness of your armour with the shell damage drop-off. Like this, your armour will be very hard to penetrate. At the same time use the [[Ordnance QF 2-pounder (40 mm)|2-pounder gun]] to attack the enemy. Close-distance fighting is ill-advised as opponents will be able to more easily penetrate the front armour and find weak points. A very important tip to know about the Matilda II is to '''not go into towns!''' You will be easily out manoeuvred, allowing your opponents to get close and flank and destroy you.

Opponents that deserve extra attention are the tank destroyers. The two German Marders carry a gun that can easily knock you out at long range, especially the [[Marder III H|Marder III (H)]], but those have thin armour, so use that to your advantage. The more armoured German TD, the StuG III, is even more dangerous. The [[StuG_III_A|StuG III A]] carry the [[KwK 37 (75 mm)|short 75 mm]] that can fire high-penetrating HEAT rounds while its front armour can resist the 2-pounder's shots from a longer distance. The [[StuG_III_F|StuG III F]] is a bigger problem with its [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|longer 75 mm gun]] and thicker armour, but its high battle rating of 3.7 should make this an uncommon sight. The Matilda will have a hard time to fight the StuGs due to the front armour and inability to manoeuvre to hit the side armour, thus it would be better to leave that to more manoeuvrable team members.

Other tanks to worry about are the more common medium tanks each nation carrys from the [[M4A1|M4 Shermans]], [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IVs]], and [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]]s. These medium tanks have frontal armour able to resist the Matilda's 2-pounder rounds and easily out manoeuvre it as well. The most noteworthy tank to worry about is the Panzer IV with the [[KwK 40 (75 mm)|long 75 mm guns]], which can easily destroy your frontal armour.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Excellent armour, comparable to [[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1]].
* Fast reloading gun with decent penetration.
* Great in-game gun depression -20 to +20.
* Good turret rotation.
* It's small for a heavy tank.
* Fast reload rate.
* Can be paired with enemy tanks that the 2-pounder can destroy while they can't easily penetrate Matilda's armour.

'''Cons:'''

* Pitiful mobility, even for British infantry tanks.
* Gun is ineffective against heavily armoured foes like the KV-1 and the Churchill.
* Gun is inaccurate at longer ranges.
* Slow, can't outflank others and will take a long time just to get to the combat zone.
* Doesn't like hills and other obstacles.
* Small caliber gun, a Rank I gun.
* 3/4 crew in turret, 1 shot will knock out the tank.
* Can be easily penetrated by HEAT and APCR shells, especially from German tanks.
* Small size makes penetrating shot more likely to incapacitate entire crew.
* Can be paired against higher tanks like the [[Pz.IV F2|Panzer IV F2]] that can easily penetrate armour.

== History ==

===Development===
With the development of tanks, the British Army doctrine regarding tanks split the classification into two types, the infantry and cruiser tanks. Cruiser tanks were high-speed tanks meant to exploit breakthroughs in enemy lines while infantry tanks were tanks meant to support the infantry advances. Tank developments were based off these classifications. Then in 1934, Major-General Percy Hobart came with a concept for two types of infantry tanks, one machine-gun armed tank with heavy armour and another heavier armoured tank with a cannon and machine gun. The former was developed by Vickers into the ''A11 Infantry Tank Mark I'', or the ''A11 Matilda''. The larger cannon-armed infantry tank was not produced for some time due to finance restrictions. The designing for the latter infantry tank started with the General Staff specification '''A12''' given in 1936. It was considered an improvement over the ''A11 Matilda'' and was produced by Woolwich, with Vulcan Foundry as the manufacturer. The A12 took many design implements of an older medium tank known as ''A7''. The increased armour of the developing tank suffered from a lack of engine power, to which it was solved with two AEC diesel engines used in London buses. An order for two wooden mock-ups and two steel prototypes were made to Vulcan in November 1936, to which they presented the wooden ones in 1937 and the steel prototypes in April 1938. The functioning prototype performed well in a 1,000 mile test and only required a few modifications to improve the gearbox, suspension, and the engine cooling. With the approach of World War II, the A12 was adopted and designated the '''A12 Infantry Tank Mk.II Matilda II''', but became more widely known by the name '''Matilda''' than its predecessor. The first orders were made after the trials with an order for 140 made in June 1938. Production started from 1937 from its test trials and lasted to 1943 with a total of 2,987 Matilda IIs produced.

===Design===
Matilda II, weighing in at 27 tons, was considerably well armoured for the weight it is given. At 78 mm thick, the front glacis was one of the thickest armour at the time, the [[Pz.IV E|Panzer IV]] at the time had an average armour thickness between 30 to 50 mm thick. Even the side armour of the tank was between 65 to 70 mm thick. The armour became its best known feature, that the tank was known as the "Queen of the Desert" for its service in North Africa. The cast three-man turret, also with great armour thickness, carried a 2-pounder and a BESA machine gun. It is traversed by a hydraulic system. Two smoke grenade dischargers are present on the right side of the turret that allows concealment when launched. The heavy armour was also the cause of the slow speed the Matilda II is also famous for, able to reach about 9.7 km/h in cross-country terrain and 26 km/h on roads. Though this slow speed was not taken as a drawback due to the tank's role as an infantry tank, going as fast as an infantry man could run made it able to support the infantry at the same pace they march. The engine powering the tank was two AEC 6-cylinder bus engines linked to a single shaft. Giving only 87 hp from each engine, the high mechanical attentions and a troublesome suspension system contributed to the Matilda's low speed.

===Combat usage===
The Matilda II first saw service during the Battle of France in 1940 in the 7th Royal Tank Regiment. They only had 23 Matilda IIs at the start of the war, but it's presence in the Allied inventory sent waves through the German lines. The Matilda II proved to be mostly immune to all but the heaviest of German guns and are able disrupt German activities, as such in the counter attack at Arras in May 21, 1940. However, the Battle of France became lost within the months, and the remaining Matilda IIs that survived were abandoned when the Allies evacuated at Dunkirk.

The Matilda II saw service again in the North African Campaign against the Italian and German forces. In late 1940 in Operaton Compass, the Matildas in the 7th Armoured Division caused major damage in the Italian forces positioned in Egypt. The Italians, armed with only tankettes and 37-mm armed medium tanks, were unable to stop the Matilda's advances. The Matildas pushed Itlaian troops out of Egypt and all the way to Libya, where they proceeded to take over Bardia and Tobruk as well. The Matilda's armour became very well known in this time period, as in late 1941 the Axis forces, even the Germans, were still struggling to receive adequate equipment to take out the Matildas. The open terrain of the desert made the Matilda's low speed and mechanical issues a major problem, as it reduced its maneuverability. The open terrain also presented the Matilda a major target to the 88 mm FlaK guns in German inventory, which was more than capable in destroying the Matilda through the front. The devastating losses to these more potent anti-tank weaponry became well known in Operation Battleaxe in June 1941, and became more widespread with the presence of the more powerful 50 mm and 75 mm anti-tank guns in German service. Despite that, the Matildas were still used in the battlefield to fight against the Germans until they were effectively deemed insufficient against the German tanks and defenses sometime [[The_Last_Desert_Battle|in 1942]]. The Matilda could not be up-gunned with better British weaponry due to the small turret on the tank, and thus was replaced by the heavier armoured [[Churchill Mk III|Churchill]] and [[Valentine Mk IX|Valentine]] infantry tanks. These tanks proved much more economical, yet with room for upgrades, and the Matilda became a rare sight by the Second Battle of El Alamein. The remaining Matildas in North Africa were modified into mine-clearers known as ''Matilda Scorpions''.

After being taken out of service in a front-line role, the Matilda II still saw service among British Allies. The Soviets received about 918 Matilda IIs, to which they used in the Battle of Moscow. Despite the unreliability and slowness of the Matilda II, they were used in the same capacity as their [[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1]] heavy tanks, but the reduced firepower of the 2-pounder. Though most were lost by 1942, some were still seen as late as 1944. In the Pacific, the Matilda II continued to see use among the Australian forces, such as the 4th Armoured Brigade. It saw service in the Huon Peninsula Campaign in October 1943 and remained in service up until the end of the war. The Matilda II stayed in service due to the inferior tank designs of the Japanese tanks and the lack of heavy anti-tank guns, causing the Matildas to become dangerous foes against the Japanese forces. A few Matildas were captured by the Axis forces when a few were damaged in Operation Battleaxe, to which they were repaired and put into service by the Germans as the ''Infanterie Panzerkampfwagen Mk.II 748(e)'', which were well received by German troops despite causing confusion on friend-foe identity between the different sides.

== Media ==
===Images===
[[File:Matilda II Italy.jpg|x300px|thumb|none|A captured Matilda II in North Africa.]]

===Videos===
{{Youtube-gallery|DMSj1XIQ1wo|Matilda Breech Operation at Bovington}}

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

''ETC.''

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain heavy tanks}}

Talk:Matilda III

2020-02-27T22:12:27Z

U24811726: wrong page name

== Wrong page name ==
Can we change the page name to Matilda II? there was no Matilda III

M41A1

2020-02-19T22:07:58Z

U24811726: /* Pros and cons */ Replace "punctual" with puncture - clarifies meaning, and add a snort phrase explaining why

{{Specs-Card|code=us_m41_walker_bulldog}}
{{About
| about = American '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the version in the Japanese tree
| link = M41A1 (Japan)
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_M41A1WalkerBulldog.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} American light tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced at the same time as the American ground tree in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]]. A large improvement over its predecessor, the [[M24|M24 ''Chaffee'']], it features a gun that can more adequately fight the tanks at its tier with an APDS round and has very good mobility and low profile to move quickly against the enemy.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Lower glacis)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 28.5 mm (49°) ''Front glacis'' 63.5 mm (33-37°) ''Lower glacis'' || 28.5 mm || 28.5 mm (46°) ''Top'' 25.4 mm (1°) ''Middle'' 25.4 mm (20°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 44.4 mm (11-13°) ''Turret front'' 50.8 mm (2-43°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 31.75 mm (1°) || 31.75 mm (1°) || 12.7 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels, bogies, and tracks are 15 mm thick.
* Tracks are placed on the turret side and rear that can provide about 10 mm of extra armour.
* An extra 12.7 mm RHA metal plate is present on the right side of the turret near the pintle 7.62 mm machine gun.
* A 5 mm Structural steel box is present, mounted on the vehicle rear.

There aren't any specific targets worth noting as the M41A1 will be hurt by pretty much anything. Be extra careful with [[:Category:Anti-aircraft_vehicles|SPAAs]] as they can knock out the ''Walker Bulldog's components with ease and even destroy the tank.''

If at all possible, try only to expose the turret. If using the terrain to the M41A1's advantage, it'll usually be able to fire one to three shots, then start moving forwards and backwards, thus making it a lot harder for the enemy to hit the tank. Generally, the M41A1 be able to get in two shots on most targets before they can fire back, and the M41A1 accelerates from 0 to 30 km/h fast enough to become a hard target to hit if only the turret is exposed!

=== Mobility ===


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 775|rbMinHp= 442|}}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M32 (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M32 (76 mm)|76 mm M32]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 65 || -10°/+20° || ±180° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 34.27 || 47.44 || 57.60 || 63.69 || 67.76
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 21.42 || 25.20 || 30.60 || 33.70 || 36.00
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 7.67 || 6.79 || 6.2 || 5.9
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M339 Shot || AP || 175 || 173 || 159 || 143 || 128 || 115
|-
| M352 Shell || HE || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12 || 12
|-
| M319 Shot || APCR || 208 || 207 || 187 || 170 || 144 || 123
|-
| M331A2 Shot || APDS || 232 || 231 || 212 || 193 || 163 || 137
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="10" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M339 Shot || 975 || 6.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M352 Shell || 732 || 6.8 || 0.1 || 0.5 || 867.22 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M319 Shot || 1,262 || 3.2 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 66° || 70° || 72°
|-
| M331A2 Shot || 1,231 || 1.49 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| M361 || 713 || 7.1 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks M41A1.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo rack]] of the M41A1 Walker Bulldog.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''65''' || 55 ''(+10)'' || 39 ''(+26)'' || 1 ''(+64)'' || style="text-align:center" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 2,175 (200) || 576 || -10°/+70° || ±60°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Browning (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,900 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

Like the tanks that come before it, the ''Bulldog'' should be used as a rapid-deployment support vehicle in conjunction with heavier vehicles like the [[T32|T32]]. It is best used to run rapid insertion and flanking operations while allowing the heavier tanks to absorb the brunt of the enemy attack. The ''Walker Bulldog'' works well with [[M26|M26 Medium tanks]] as the M26 has a harder hitting gun to support the light tank's advance, but the M41A1 maintain a much better climb rate for hills and a much faster acceleration. The ''Bulldog's'' top speed does cap off-road, requiring good knowledge of the map to make the most of the terrain.

Always remember that the ''Bulldog'' lacks any effective armour. In a frontal attack, it will be easily penetrated by almost anything the enemy throws at it. Try to use the terrain to hide the tank and relocate after shots. Also, attempt to engage targets who are busy or already engaged with teammates. The ''Bulldog's'' 76 mm gun has great penetration, but due to the solid shot armour-piercing rounds it has it is necessary to make each shot count by hitting either ammo racks or fuel tanks/engines to disable and or destroy an enemy vehicle. Equipping HVAP rounds, later on, makes it easier to destroy vehicles with better side armour such as the [[IS-3]] which has a fairly strong side profile.

===Tactics===
The ''Bulldog'' is best playing a mobile role; trail the outskirts of the map and take shots at the enemy from a distance and keep relocating. Don't stand still for too long as one or two hits are usually enough to completely disable the tank.

While playing this tank, the biggest concern should be not to get hit ''by anything''. Given its thin armour, anything that the Bulldog is facing will be able to deal heavy damage. In summary, the ''Bulldog'' is a very manoeuvrable tank and with practice is a very potent threat to enemies.

If up against heavy tanks, such as the [[Tiger II (H)|Tiger II H]], don't bother trying to hit its front chassis armour even with APDS. The chances to penetrate this tank's upper glacis are very low. It is better to try and either ignoring him or aiming for his lower glacis and turret. Should the round penetrate the lower glacis, the transmission is likely to catch on fire. When attacking the turret, aim for the gunner on the left (player's right) of the gun. After that, disengage as the gunner will be replaced faster than the M41A1 can reload. Fighting off heavily armoured targets takes a lot of practice, but the gun's accuracy and good penetration can be used to the M41A1's advantage. Ambushing tanks as such as the Panther V series which many variants have slow slew rates will be highly effective as you can get two-three shots off and disable the gunner when you get a flank.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Extremely agile tank
* Good top speed 72 kph (average speed is more around 35-40 kph)
* Fast turret traverse
* Fast reload rate
* Respectable firepower when loaded with APDS
* APDS has high muzzle velocity, easy to hit targets at longer ranges
* Good flanker
* Good suspension; can drive away from steep downhills and jumps
* .50 cal AA machine gun with good coverage
* AP is highly lethal to most tanks of all-tiers post pen
* Similar silhouette as the M47
* Access to night vision device
* Plays similarly to the M24 and the M18, but with a much better gun

'''Cons:'''

* Low torque, without downhill the tank won't reach higher speeds than 50 km/h
* SPAA can be a threat but not as apparent
* Its poor engine is its biggest weakness, makes it a bad scouting unit
* Scouting requires map knowledge
* Ammo storage in the front, next to the driver.
* No APHE shells that can be quite handy at times
* APDS shot causes only puncture damage - has small spall effect after penetration, so mainly only damages modules and equipment directly in path of shot - aim carefully.
* No explosive filler on any AP shells
* Large size for a light tank

== History ==

===Development===
The U.S. Army light tank in the later part of World War II, the [[M24|M24 ''Chaffee'']], was a promising design but was deemed not effective for the future of armour encounters. Though its role as a scout was seen as needing the 75 mm gun, the army wanted a tank with a better gun to have a more equal chance against tanks. The project began as the ''T37'' program in 1947 with the focus of being air-transportable with an anti-tank capability in the form of a 76 mm gun and a rangefinder. The adoption of a simplified rangefinder had the project designation changed to the ''T41''. After testings and evaluations, the ''T41'' model was accepted into service as the '''M41 ''Little Bulldog'' ''', with production starting at Cadillac Cleveland Tank Plant in 1951. The name ''Little Bulldog'' stayed until General Walton Walker, the first commander of the 8th US Army in Korea, died in a car accident, so the tank was renamed into the '''M41 ''Walker Bulldog'' ''' in remembrance. Production went from 1953 to somewhere in the late 1960s with about 3,728 units produced.

The M41 light tank would go on to replace the M24 ''Chaffees'' by 1953. The M41 had a crew of four, commander, gunner, loader, and driver. The tank had a profile of under 9 feet and 19 feet long. The tank was lightweight at 23.5 tons and thus had rather thin armour, with the front armour only 25.4 mm thick (sloped at 60 degrees for about 50 mm effective). However, the tank was very agile with its torsion bar suspension and Continental AOS 895-3 series 6-cylinder gasoline engine of 500 hp which could deliver a road speed of 45 mph with a 100 miles operating range. Unfortunately, the tank was criticized for being noisy, a fuel-guzzler, rather heavy, and the American crewman found the ''Bulldog's'' interior to be quite cramped. Despite that, it delivered speed, firepower, and reliability in a light tank format. Several upgrades were made on the M41 with better technology, the '''M41A1''' had a hydraulic turret traverse with more ammo storage, the ''M41A2'' had a new fuel system, and the ''M41A3'' are old M41A1 tanks with the new fuel system from the M41A2.

===Combat usage===
The M41 ''Walker Bulldog'' first saw use in Korea in a limited combat run. The tanks, still labelled their experimental designation T41, were sent for field testing on design deficiencies. It is unknown what other purposes they served there except for the tests. Their first major conflict once adopted by the U.S. Army was in Vietnam, mainly by replacing the M24 ''Chaffees'' in service with the South Vietnamese army (ARVN) at the time. The M41A3 tanks arrived in January 1965 and were instantly popular; not only for their advantages, but the previously cramped interior for American crews were actually a perfect fit for the smaller Vietnamese armour crewman. The ''Bulldog'' went on to fight in the Vietnam War as a reliable war machine. The ''Bulldog'' had an advantage due to its lightweight in manoeuvring in the jungle terrain of the region. In 1971, Operation Lam Son 719, the disruption of the North Vietnamese Army supply lines had the M41 ''Bulldogs'' play a major role, accompanied by two airborne battalions and two cavalry regiments. Penetrating deep into enemy lines, the 17 M41 tanks engaged and destroyed six Soviet-designed [[T-54 (1951)|T-54 tanks]] and other lighter armoured vehicles. This engagement came at a loss of 5 M41 and 25 armoured personnel carriers. By 1973, the ARVN still used about 200 M41 tanks while the transition of the American unit over to the [[M48A1|M48A3 ''Patton'' tanks]] in Europe and Stateside. The M41 light tanks were also exported to various other countries. Today, Guatemala, Somalia, Taiwan, Uruguay, and Vietnam still use the M41 ''Walker Bulldog'', some via upgrading the tanks to extend their service life.

The M41 ''Walker Bulldog'' design was advanced for the time, giving a relatively lightweight tank the firepower to take on other tanks of its time period. The chassis was even used on the ''[[M42|M42 ''Duster'' Anti-Air gun]]'' and the ''M75 Armored Personnel Carrier''. The drive, engine, transmission, and auxiliary engine also were used in the ''M44/M52 155 howitzer''. By 1969, the US Army began replacing the M41 with the newer [[M551|M551 ''Sheridan'' Armored Airborne Reconnaissance Assault Vehicle]] (officially not a "light tank") which had a [[M81 (152 mm)|152 mm cannon]] that could fire shells and [[Anti-tank_guided_missiles|anti-tank missiles]]. The M551 ''Sheridan'' could be used in roles that the M41 ''Walker Bulldog'' couldn't do, such as be air-dropped and amphibious but was rather unreliable. This made the M41 ''Walker Bulldog'' to be the last American "light tank" produced and the last made before the classification between tank classes based on weight and role ended.

=== In-game description ===
"In 1946 the Americans began looking for a replacement for the M24 Chaffee. The design for the new tank was to lean on experiences drawn from the Second World War.

In 1953 deliveries of the M41 Walker Bulldog to the US army began, with 5,500 units ultimately released.

The M41 Walker Bulldog featured a traditional layout with a welded hull and rationally sloped frontal plates. The turret was welded from cast and rolled armor elements. The running gear on each side was made up of five road wheels and three track return rollers in addition to guiding and leading wheels. The road wheels were independent of the torsion bar suspension, while the suspension for the first, second, and fifth rollers was equipped with hydraulic shock absorbers. The 500 hp air-cooled Continental AOS-895-3 engine featured a fire extinguishing system.

The tank's armament consisted of a 76 mm M32 cannon, a coaxial 7.62 mm Browning M1919A4E1 machine gun, and a turret-mounted 12.7 mm Browning M2HB anti-aircraft gun. The weapon was not stabilized and was equipped with a muzzle brake to reduce recoil. The battle compartment featured 24 rounds for fast reloading, along with 33 more in the tank hull that were only accessible when the turret was rotated hard to the rear.

Practice showed that the new tanks were poorly suited for reconnaissance, and their heavy weight and large dimensions made them just as difficult to transport as medium tanks. Those removed from active duty were quickly handed over and sold to allies and dependent governments.

M41 Walker Bulldogs saw combat in Austria, Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, the UK, North (captured) and South Vietnam, Guatemala, and Greece."

== Media ==

[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicleCountry=usa&vehicleType=tank&vehicleClass=light_tank&vehicle=us_m41_walker_bulldog '''Skins''' and '''camouflages''' for the M41A1 from live.warthunder]

*[http://live.warthunder.com/post/95846/ '''"US ARMY" 532''' by ''JoKeR_BvB09'']
*[http://live.warthunder.com/post/101650/ '''"German Bundeswehr 3tone skin - 2nd Co of Panzeraufklärungsbataillon 5 ( ReconBn )" fictional''' by ''JoKeR_BvB09'']
*[http://live.warthunder.com/post/95835/ '''"(Fictional) M41 Flecktarn <nowiki>[Germany 1985]</nowiki>"''' by ''Tiger_VI'']

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/3018/current/ Official War Thunder forum article: [Vehicle Profile<nowiki>]</nowiki> M41 Walker Bulldog [Decal Included<nowiki>]</nowiki>]

{{USA light tanks}}

Swift F.7

2020-02-06T00:56:44Z

U24811726: /* Flight performance */ reword to improve grammar and clarify

{{Specs-Card|code=swift_f7}}
{{About
| about = British jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other version
| link = Swift F.1
}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British jet fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

The {{PAGENAME}} was the last variant in the line of Swift fighters produced by Supermarine Aviation Works. This fighter was one of Britain’s fighters to come out of the early 1950s. Post-war England saw new leadership which made the faulty assumption that for the next ten years or so, no new major conflict would happen and therefore defence spending, research and development on new aircraft was reduced to a trickle, mostly experimental prototypes made for research purposes.

The early 1950s saw a change of leadership and Winston Churchill made sweeping changes which amped up research and development churning out Swift fighters as part of that. In the haste to research, develop and produce these fighters, problems crept up in the aircraft which happened so fast, it was difficult to stop the manufacturing process long enough to make the necessary updates, especially problems found during flight trials. These updates when made produced the different Swift variants which lead to the final production of the {{PAGENAME}}. By now a majority of the problems with the aircraft had been ironed out, however, the F.7 never entered active service, instead, the fourteen built acted as training aircraft which taught pilots how to get used to shooting off air-to-air missiles, namely the Firestreak.
[[File:Swift F7 elitefe24 001.jpg|350px|thumb|left|'''{{PAGENAME}}''' showing effective camouflage for the terrain it is flying in.]]
Though never seeing combat during its short career, the {{PAGENAME}} has an opportunity to make a name for itself in War Thunder. Not as fancy or bristling with weapons like a Sabre or a MiG, the {{PAGENAME}} has its place in the sky and can dance with the best, and even shoot them down. Armed with two 30 mm ADEN cannons and two Firestreak air-to-air missiles, while maintaining between 700 and 810 kph, this fighter can get the best of even superior aircraft it may go against. Its slower speeds may allow for an overshoot of an enemy aircraft which may place it in front of the Swift’s gun sights or even for the radar beam riding Firestreak, of which the enemy pilot will have no indication it was launched unless they are diligent about watching behind them. In the right hands, the {{PAGENAME}} and its weapons have the ability to humble enemy pilots and their superior aircraft.

== General info ==
[[File:Swift F7 mcchungusbites 001.png|450px|thumb|right|The sleek '''{{PAGENAME}}''' searching for targets.]]
=== Flight performance ===

The {{PAGENAME}} is a good fighter which excels in playing the interceptor role, however like the three bears from Goldilocks’ story; this jet has a sweet spot in speed where it does well. Like many jets, this one does not do so well when slow and it becomes an easy target for others to attack. On the other hand, flying too fast causes the controls to lock up, preventing any real manoeuvring at all and, if playing in realistic or simulator battles, ripping off the wing-tips is a very real problem when moving too fast.

The sweet spot or “just right” speed zone for the {{PAGENAME}} is between 700 kph and 810 kph. Here the jet will have sufficient speed to properly manoeuvre. Diving either to shoot down another aircraft or to get away from someone on your tail can be a challenge as doing so can result in the aircraft superseding the 810 kph threshold (easily going into the mid 900s) and end up a sitting duck unable to maneuver or if close enough to the ground turning into a lawn dart because it could not pull up due to the control surfaces locking up.

Speed management is key to survival - the afterburner can aid with increasing the aircraft’s speed if slow - and with the afterburner the aircraft has a really good climb rate - it can accelerate significantly even in a steep climb. However, slowing down to keep from going too fast is a major problem because this aircraft does not have an air brake and just reducing the throttle will not help very much. Two options are available to reduce speed in this aircraft and the first is to deploy landing flaps. The landing flaps have been reinforced and should not rip when used to slow the aircraft down and can be deployed and retracted as needed. Another option to help bleed off any unnecessary speed is to lift the nose of the aircraft (pull up or back on the control stick). Placing the fighter into a nose-high attitude will help with decreasing speed to a safe zone when the pilot can resume normal flight.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,048 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 980 || 977 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.5 || 27.0 || 15.5 || 11.0 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| ??? || 985 || ??? ||25.0|| ??? || 28.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || N/A || 1,060 || 465 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 850 || < 600 || < 600 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | Empty mass || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Avon Mk.116 || 1
| colspan="2" | 6,540 kg || colspan="2" | 273 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel
|-
| 1,000 kg || colspan="2" | Afterburning axial-flow turbojet
| 7,096 kg || 7,916 kg || 8,463 kg || 9,530 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (WEP)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 28m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 3,126 kgf || 4,501 kgf
| 0.63 || 0.57 || 0.53 || 0.47
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 3,126 kgf (0 km/h) || 4,501 kgf (0 km/h)
| 0.63 || 0.57 || 0.53 || 0.47
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


;Armour

* 12.7 mm steel plate behind pilot's seat
* 50 mm bulletproof glass in canopy windscreen

The simple armour setup on this fighter affords protection to the pilot, via the front windscreen having 50 mm bulletproof glass to help protect against head-on attacks. Behind the pilot's seat is a 12.7 mm steel plate which is in place to provide protection for the pilot if their aircraft is shot from behind. The fuel tanks and the engine should take most of the brunt of an attack from behind, but in the event, something gets through the steel plate is meant to be the last line of protection.

== Armaments ==
[[File:Swift F7 elitefe24 002.jpg |450px|thumb|right|]]
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|ADEN (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm ADEN cannons, nose-mounted at right side (135 + 185 = 320 total)

This aircraft has been outfitted with two 30 mm ADEN autocannons. Though they are mounted on the fuselage resulting in not having to configure for convergence the pilot will need to account for both autocannons being mounted on the right side of the aircraft fuselage near the right air intake. Pilots which are used to having balanced machine guns or autocannons (equal amounts on both left and right side) will need to slightly adjust their aim to ensure the bullets don’t miss just to the side of where they would normally aim. The ADEN cannons when they do hit their mark usually result in a critical hit or a destroyed aircraft with wings flying in one direction and tail sections going in another.

=== Suspended armaments ===

{{main|Fireflash}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

2 x Fireflash air-to-air missiles

The Fireflash missile was the first air-to-air guided missile put into service with the United Kingdom’s Royal Air Force. Built by Fairey Aviation, the same company who built the [[Swordfish Mk I|Swordfish]], this missile utilised radar beam riding guidance to get the missile onto a target. The odd-looking missile consists of a central dart attached to two boosters. The boosters spin-stabilize the missile in flight and propel the missile to speeds upwards of Mach 2. 1.5 seconds after launch, with fuel spent, the boosters separate and the missile would coast the rest of the way to the target, still receiving guidance from the controlling aircraft.

This missile has an effective range of about 4 km (2.4 mi) before it no longer has the kinetic energy to continue. This missile is best used in short-range encounters such as head-on attacks where the enemy fighter is closing the distance rather than flying away. This missile can be used during tail chases as long as you maintain close distance and can keep the radar on the enemy long enough for the missile to acquire its target. The Fireflash is a finicky missile which requires practice and patience, though not as simple to use as other missiles found in-game, it can be a surprise to enemy fighters they are not expecting resulting in them having to go back and watching replays in unbelief to see what took them out. Having only two of these missiles to rely on will require the pilot to exercise restraint and not launch one if the chances of a hit are marginal and instead maybe turn to the 30 mm cannons instead in that instance.

{{Notice|Unlike heat-seeking missiles, beam riding missiles will not trigger a missile launch warning for the enemy player.}}

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''
[[File:Swift F7 elitefe24 003.jpg |450px|thumb|right|]]
=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
|
|
| Offensive 30 mm
|-
| II
| New boosters
| Compressor
| Airframe
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
| New 30 mm cannons
|-
| IV
| G-suit
|
| Cover
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent climb rate with afterburner
* Access to excellent Fireflash short-range beam guided missiles
* Fireflash missiles work against tanks in ground attack scenarios
* Two powerful 30 mm ADEN autocannons
* Can use slower speed to advantage forcing overshoots (allowing for autocannon or missile attack)

'''Cons:'''

* No dedicated air brake, must use landing flaps or pull up to bleed speed
* Severe control surface locking above 820 kph
* Wingtips will break around 800 kph in realistic or simulator battles
* Both autocannons are on right side of the aircraft fuselage, requires slight adjustment when aiming
* Slower than many contemporary fighters

== History ==

In the years following the end of WW2, Great Britain focused their efforts on rebuilding their nation from the devastation caused by the war as the British government didn't consider a new war possible in the following ten years. Under these circumstances, developing new military technology wasn't considered a priority in most cases.

As a result, Great Britain found itself lagging behind in military aviation at the start of the 1950s by the outbreak of the Korean War. This prompted the RAF to hastily look for a new fighter aircraft to put into service, even if it meant taking into consideration an interim design.

One of the designs that sparked the RAF's interest was a new swept-wing aircraft developed by the Supermarine company - the Type 510. Being in essence just a modified Supermarine Attacker, development of this design continued, eventually maturing into the Type 541.

Soon, the Type 541 received the highest development priority and was hastily rushed through testing and into production as the Supermarine Swift. In fact, production was so rushed that it began before necessary design changes could even be applied from the results of the test flights conducted with the Type 541 prototypes.

Nonetheless, the Supermarine Swift F.1 entered service with the RAF in February 1954, followed shortly afterwards by the F.2 variant. However, many of the aircraft's teething problems weren't resolved as a result of being rushed into production. This resulted in a number of accidents happening early on involving the Swift , leading to the aircraft being grounded for a time.

Newer modifications were developed, which addressed most of the known issues. However, it was a case of too little too late for the Swift, as it quickly became replaced by the Hawker Hunter. In the end, just under 200 Supermarine Swifts were produced out of the close to 500 planned aircraft. The Swift was phased out of active service relatively quickly after its introduction, with the last fighter models being withdrawn by the RAF in the mid to late 1950s.

''- From [[wt:en/news/6342-development-supermarine-swift-banking-on-success-en|Devblog]]''

== Media ==


;Images
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Swift F7 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block;"> [[File:Swift F7 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|thumb|none|250px|]] </li>
</ul></div>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PoLoEYfa4ec|'''Quick Look - Supermarine Swift F7''' - ''WhooptieDo''|kLUvhT1l14w|'''Is The Supermarine Swift F.7 Worth your time?''' - ''DEFYN''|9AxBBRIYdEE|'''SWIFT F1/F7 Montage - War Thunder''' - ''Professional Thunder''|bBeNjjWfoyQ|'''The Fireflashes Are The Most Fun You'll Have With Missiles''' - ''Spit_flyer''|3-vKO2Chypc|'''The BEST Fireflash Kills You'll Ever Watch｜Swift F.7''' - ''CaSama''}}

== See also ==


;Related development

* Supermarine [[Swift F.1]]
* Supermarine [[Attacker FB 1|Attacker]]

;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* North American [[F-86 (Family)| F-86]] Sabre
* Dassault [[M.D.450B Ouragan]]
* de Havilland [[Venom FB.4|Venom]]
* Grumman [[F9F (Family)|F9F]] Cougar
* Hawker [[Hunter F.1|Hunter]]
* Mikoyan-Gurevich [[MiG-17 (Family)|MiG-17]]
* Saab [[J29D]] Tunnan

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6342-development-supermarine-swift-banking-on-success-en|[Development<nowiki>]</nowiki> Supermarine Swift: Banking on Success]]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}

CW-21

2020-02-03T02:38:05Z

U24811726: /* History */ minor grammatical tidy up

{{Specs-Card|code=cw_21}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Chinese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.91 "Night Vision"]].

A relatively untested aircraft so far, the '''CW-21''' will be a surprise to pilots stepping into the Chinese tech tree. The first few Chinese aircraft can be a struggle to fly and master, however, the CW-21 picks up the slack the moment it gets airborne. While sitting on the airfield, you will notice quickly that this fighter is a relatively small monoplane fighter, akin to a P-26. During the take-off roll, you instantly notice the extremely short take-off span, as it begins lifting off when reaching 145 kph (90 mph). While speaking of speed, the CW will quickly outrun and outpace the competition, leading to a lot of the primary biplane opposition simply being unable to catch up and get within firing distance.

When it comes to firepower, this bird has talons and easily uses its 2 x.50 calibre M2s plus 2 x.30 calibre M1919s to decimate any plane that crosses its path. While it can punch hard with its guns, you might be more than surprised to know that the CW can take a hit too. The wings, strong as they are, are the most durable flight construction in the game and able to take round after round, hit after hit from the vast multitude of armaments from contemporary aircraft it comes up against, ranging from the weak Japanese 7.7 mm, to the heavy impacting 20 mm ShvaK cannons fielded by the Soviets. Not that you'll be getting hit much, as a competent pilot will tell you manoeuvrability is key and an agile plane it is. The turn time is easily competitive with most if not all biplanes, except possibly the I-153 that intrinsically trumps all other aircraft when it comes to turning and turn fighting. All in all, the CW-21 is a powerhouse, ready to zoom in, shred and ignite the enemy and shrug off all incoming fire.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="8" | Characteristics
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Stock''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
| 480 || 465 || {{Specs|ceiling}} || 14.2 || 15.0 || 13.4 || 13.4 || 343
|-
! colspan="8" | ''Upgraded''
|-
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
|533|| 505 || {{Specs|ceiling}} ||13.8|| 14.0 ||24.6|| 18.2 || 343
|-
|}

==== Details ====
[[File:CW-21_olife-001.jpg|450px|thumb|right|The sleek '''{{PAGENAME}}''' in flight.]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wing-break speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear limit (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Combat flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 380 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities
|-
! Ailerons (km/h)
! Rudder (km/h)
! Elevators (km/h)
! Radiator (km/h)
|-
| < 280 || < 260 || < 450 || > 250
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,829 m || 850 hp || 1,000 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,633 m || 750 hp || 882 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)|Browning (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, nose-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)
* 2 x 7.62 mm Browning machine guns, nose-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

== Usage in battles ==


The CW-21 should be mainly used as a fighter. Excelling in turns, acceleration, and hard-hitting guns, it is very easy to dogfight other planes at its battle rating. Your main composition will sometimes be bi-planes and some bi-planes can out turn you. However, the CW-21 against monoplanes is where it really shines. It can easily out turn other planes like the He-100 or even the He-112 which is crucial in a dogfight. The CW-21 does not have any CAS potential other than knocking out light targets like AAA and armoured vehicles, so the main targets will be other planes.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Modules ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tier
! colspan="2" | Flight performance
! Survivability
! colspan="2" | Weaponry
|-
| I
| Fuselage repair
| Radiator
|
|
| Offensive 7 mm
|-
| II
|
| Compressor
| Airframe
| Offensive 12 mm
|
|-
| III
| Wings repair
| Engine
|
|
| New 7 mm MGs
|-
| IV
|
| Engine injection
| Cover
| New 12 mm MGs
|
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Respectable firepower for the rank
* Turn rate is on par with the early Spitfires and even A6Ms
* .50 calibre API at this rank is very dangerous
* Mediocre energy retention
* Climb rate is very good for its rank

'''Cons:'''

* Not very fast
* Very fragile
* Ammo can run out fast with poor trigger discipline

== History ==


The Curtiss-Wrist 21 was a lightweight fighter interceptor based on the CW-19. CW-21 designer, George A. Page, only emphasized the plane to have an incredible rate of climb and to not dogfight. It would climb away from a dogfight instead of dog-fighting. The U.S. wouldn't adopt the plane as they wanted a plane with low-level dogfight capability, and to not only excel in climbing. George A. Page knew this and designed the plane mainly for exporting.

Intrigued by the CW-21's performance, China looked into the CW-21 furthermore with a prototype being delivered to China. During discussion about the CW-21, a prototype CW-21 shot down an Italian BR.20. China decided to buy some with China receiving 3 completely built CW-21's and 27 kits. Another 3 CW-21's were delivered to China and sent to the "Flying Tigers" group. They intended to use the CW-21 for attacking Japanese reconnaissance, but ended up crashing due to poor visibility.

Meanwhile, Curtiss-Wright were developing the CW-21B. The CW-21B had inward retractable gears, instead of the gears being retracted into the fairings beneath each wing. The CW-21B also sported hydraulic control surfaces. The CW-21B did end up having a lower climb rate, but did have a higher top speed. The Dutch ordered 24 CW-21B's in an effort to obtain modern aircraft, but was too late as they surrendered to the Germans. The Dutch ended up giving the CW-21B's to the Dutch East Indies (Now Indonesia). After assembling the newly acquired CW-21B's, they started using them. They later ended up finding cracks on some of their CW-21B's and grounded them. This was due to the very lightweight construction of the CW-21B. These CW-21B's were easy prey to Japanese planes and most were destroyed on the ground as well as the few that were able to fly.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Curtiss}}
{{China fighters}}

Chi-Ha Kai

2020-01-29T09:29:10Z

U24811726: /* Usage in the battles */ Make a more sensible article - 5 man turret, 47mm not 57mmm, etc

{{Specs-Card|code=jp_type_97_kai}}
{{Notice|''This page is about the medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''. For other uses, see [[Chi-Ha (Disambiguation)]]''}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a Rank {{specs|rank}} Japanese medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced along with the initial Japanese Ground Forces tree in [[Update_1.65_"Way_of_the_Samurai"|Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]].

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 25 mm (11-31°) ''Front plate'' 15-17 mm (62-80°) ''Front glacis'' 15 mm (37-59°) ''Lower glacis'' || 25 mm (24-27°) ''Top'' 20 mm ''Bottom'' || 17 mm (70°) ''Top'' 20 mm (5-57°)|| 12 mm
|-
| Turret || 25 mm (3-9°) ''Turret front'' 30 mm (1°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 25 mm (9°) ''Front half'' 15 mm (9-10°) ''Back half'' || 12 mm (1°) || 10 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 17 mm || 6 mm
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 15 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 14.8 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 44 (AB)
|-
|40 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|263
|324
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|150
|170
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|17.77
|21.89
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|10.13
|11.49
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|Type 1 (47 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Type 1 (47 mm)|47 mm Type 1]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 104 || -15°/+20° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 8.9 || 12.4 || 15.0 || 26.5 || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 4.30 || 3.80 || 3.5 || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 88 || 83 || 69 || 50 || 40 || 33
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Type 1 APHE || APHE || 822 || 1.4 || 1.2 || 15 || || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] for the Chi-Ha Kai.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''104''' || 75 ''(+29)'' || 71 ''(+33)'' || 66 ''(+38)'' || 54 ''(+50)'' || 9 ''(+95)'' || 1 ''(+103)'' || style="text-align:left" | Yes
|-
|}

Turret empty: 66 ''(+48)''

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|Type 97 tank (7.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[Type 97 tank (7.7 mm)|7.7 mm Type 97]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Hull mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,000 (20) || 499 || -8°/+10° || ±15°
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

The Chi-Ha Kai (Kai means "improved) is an upgrade of the Chi-Ha that replaces the low velocity 57mm gun with the very good 47mm Type 1 tank gun, and adds 1 more crew to make a total of 5 with 3 in the turret. Compared to other rank 1 vehicles this gun is powerful and very good.

The 5th crewman, in a 3 man turret, improves survivability accordingly. However it is still a lightly armoured vehicle with only moderate mobility, so the tactics used with the Chi-Ha - stay close to teammates and always play sneaky - remain important.

Another problem is that the Chi-Ha Kai retains the hand-cranked turret, which is quite slow to turn. So the best idea is to plan ahead before any attacks, think where the enemy may be and find a place to hide the bulky tank from the enemy and wait for the enemy to come towards the position. Now this is somewhat important "'''Don't''' look for the enemy, let the '''enemy''' look for the Chi-Ha Kai.", Of course, the Chi-Ha Kai could still go look for the enemy, but always be on alert and make sure to have a friend for firing support.

The Engine provides adequate power - the power-weight ratio is comparable with other tanks of the late 1930's - but this tank was built from 1942 onwards so it is low compared to contemporary designs.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Improved sloped armour compared to the reserve vehicles
* Quite fast (up to 44 km/h)
* lovely climbing ability
* Very good 47mm gun with APHE
* 5 man crew

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armour that can be penetrated by even 20 mm SPAA
* Slow turning turret

== History ==

===Development===
In 1939, the [[Chi-Ha|Type 97 Chi-Ha]] first saw service in the Imperial Japanese Army. It was an improvement over its predecessor the [[I-Go Ko|Type 89 I-Go Ko|Type 89 I-Go]] with its improved road speed and armour. However, it still had the same low-velocity 57 mm armament. While adequate against infantry and fortifications, it lacks in anti-tank power to slug it out in a tank-to-tank fight. This came to light when Colonel Seinosuke Sonoda, commander of the 7th Tank Regiment, called for an improvement in the Type 97's armament to the newer 47 mm gun when it was found that the Japanese tanks had trouble fighting even the American [[M3 Stuart|M3 light tanks]]. The request led to the retooling of the factories prepared to produce the 47 mm armed [[Chi-He|Type 1 Chi-He]] to instead integrate the turret onto the existing Type 97 chassis. This improved variant of the Type 97 medium tank design was called the '''Type 97-''Kai'' ''Shinhoto'' Chi-Ha''' (''Kai'' for "Improved" and ''Shinhoto'' for "New turret").<ref name="ZalogaChiHavsSherman">Zaloga Steven. ''M4 Sherman vs Type 97 Chi-Ha: The Pacific 1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2012</ref> This new Type 97 would start mass-production in early 1942 next to the original Type 97 model until the 47 mm gun production can keep up with the demand, which did and the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai became the standard Type 97 model from 1942 to 1943. Up to 930 Type 97 Chi-Ha Kais would be produced in this production lifetime.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank">Zaloga Steven. ''Japanese Tanks 1939-1945'' Great Britain: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007</ref>

===Combat Usage===
====1942-1943====
The new Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai first saw use in the Philippines campaign, where the complaint first arose of the inadequacy of the Japanese tank armament. Five were used in the Matsuoka Detachment during the Corregidor landing on 5 May 1942. These tanks helped surmount American defenses, which were inadequate in dealing with tank assaults. This eventually led to the Japanese victory in the Philippines on May 6. After these conquests, Japanese doctrinal changes from an offensive standpoint to a defensive one led to a shift in priorities. The defense of Imperial Japan's new territorial gain required a large navy and airforce to provide support in a large distance. The tanks, seen as an offensive type of weapon, were deemed unnecessary in the priorities attached with the industry. Combined with the rejection of any notion of hostility towards the Soviet Union, which would require a large tank forces, led to a drop in tank production from priority A1 to a flat D. While tank development continued to progress for improved tanks, this led to the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai to be the best tank Japan could field out to their garrison stationed in China and the Pacific islands, meaning this was all they had against the incoming American, Commonwealth, and Chinese ground forces.<ref name="ZalogaChiHavsSherman" />

Regardless, the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai trucked onwards in the IJA. In the 1942 campaign in the Southwest Pacific, the islands were mainly forested and hilly so it produced an unsuitable environment for tanks. A dozen were used at Guadalcanal as part of the Sumiyoshi Force landing in October as the 1st Independent Tank Company. These tanks helped the Japanese attack the Matanika River, but the Chi-Ha Kais were simply knocked out by 37 mm anti-tank gun the U.S. Marines brought in, leading to an end to armoured operations. The tank force saw more usage in the Central Pacific islands, but in these stages at 1943 and 1944, they faced against superior [[M4|M4 Sherman]] fielded by America. With the increasing vulnerability of Japanese tanks to American anti-tank capabilities, commanders often resort to keeping the tanks in entrenched and fixed locations to reduce their exposure and hopefully catch an enemy medium tank by the sides, which the 47 mm can penetrate.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" />

====1944-1945====
The Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai would see more usage in the Battle of Guam and Saipan when tanks from the 9th Tank Regiment were sent to defend these two vitally important islands. As the Type 97 Chi-Ha Kais were the only tanks able to reasonably defeat the M4 Shermans, it was a substantial upgrade in the Japanese defenses in comparison to its previous battles. The Americans invaded Saipan in 15 June 1944 along with two tank battalions consisting of [[M4A2|M4A2 Shermans]] and [[M3A1 Stuart|flamethrower-equipped M3A1 Stuarts]]. Another weapon to add to the U.S. invasion arsenal was the bazooka, which now presented any U.S. infantry formation with the power to destroy even the heaviest armoured Japanese tank. In the first three days of the Battle of Saipan, the armoured forces were thrown against the American beachhead forces. The first two days had small sporadic units attack the American beachheads, all were annihilated by American bazookas and tank guns. On the night of June 16-17, the entire 9th Tank Regiment's forces of 44 tanks attacked the American lines. Illuminated by navy light flares, all the Japanese tanks in the one of the largest Japanese tank attack of the Pacific war were subsequently destroyed by 37 mm anti-tank guns, M4 Sherman's 75 mm guns, and 60 mm Bazookas. Only a dozen of the tanks committed survived that encounter, but these would only fall victims to the Marine's tanks later in the campaign. These same events happened in Guam, which also had the Chi-Ha Kais of the 9th Tank Regiment, and further showed the technological disparity between the two nations.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" />

A relatively more successful usage of the Japanese tanks was during the Battle for the Philippines that took place from 1944 to 1945. The Japanese employed the 2nd Armoured Division on Luzon while the Americans fielded up to 500 armoured fighting vehicles in 10 different battalions. While outnumbered, a change in battle strategy gave the Japanese armoured forces a fighting chance. The Japanese recognition of the weakness in the Japanese's armour led to many commanders hiding their tanks in dense foliage, awaiting for American tanks to come by to nail them in their side armour. Though the battle was still lost, the entrenchment of the tanks in static positions and the strategy of ambushing incoming Allied armour allowed the Japanese tanks to dish out more damage on the Americans than had they charge into the fray like in Saipan. The strangest use of the tanks in this campaign, and perhaps as a show of Japanese desperation, was the use of explosives on five tanks used in a "kamikaze" fashion to ram Sherman tanks before exploding; this strategy took out two Sherman tanks.<ref name="ZalogaChiHavsSherman" />

By the last years of the war, Japanese armour hopelessly obsolete. Iwo Jima had only a portion of the 26th Tank Regiment with a few Chi-Ha tanks in pillbox formats. Okinawa had 13 Ha-Gos and 14 Chi-Ha Kais facing against 800 Allied tanks. The Burma Campaign that lasted from 1943 to 1945 had the 14th Tank Regiment with Chi-Ha Kais annihilated by British and Indian forces with [[M4|Shermans]] and [[M3 Lee|M3 Lees]], a show of how obsolete tanks of the European theater can be superior to even the best Japanese tanks. Perhaps the final blow to Japan's armour was in Manchuria when the Soviet Union invaded in August 1945. The Soviets, whose standard tanks were now the [[T-34-85]] and the [[IS-2]], fielded up to 5,000 armoured vehicles against Japan's 1st and 9th Tank Brigade. The final Japanese tank battle came in August 18, three days after Japan's surrender with the United States, when Soviet forces landed at Shimushu Island. The 11th Tank Regiment, even with the knowledge of their country's surrender, attacked the Soviet forces under the rights of "self-defense if attacked" with 39 Type 97s and 25 Type 95s. The fighting between the Japanese armour and Soviet forces happened until August 20, when a cease-fire is placed.<ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" />

====Post World War II====
Even after the war, the Type 97's fight was not over. A large quantity left behind by Japanese forces in China were consequently snatched up and used by both sides in the Chinese Civil War. A few of the Japanese tanks captured by Soviet forces were also supplied to the Chinese and Koreans. The French also used a few captured Japanese tanks in an ad hoc unit known as 'Commando Blindé du Cambodge' in the First Indochina War. <ref name="ZalogaJapaneseTank" />

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

==References==
<references />

== Read also ==

* [https://warthunder.com/en/news/4272-development-newsflash-from-igromir-2016-new-ships-and-first-look-at-japanese-ground-forces-en/ [News<nowiki>]</nowiki> Newsflash from IgroMir 2016! New ships and first look at Japanese Ground Forces! (Type 95 & Type 97 Chi-Ha Kai)]

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Japan medium tanks}}

TIS MA

2020-01-02T00:46:21Z

U24811726: /* History */ summary of development and fate

{{Specs-Card|code=tis_ma}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet twin-engine fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]] in the [[wt:en/news/6521-special-operation-f-r-o-s-t-en|Operation F.R.O.S.T.]] event.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,660 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 511 || 494 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.1 || 25.9 || 6.8 || 6.8 || rowspan="2" | 420
|-
! Upgraded
| 556 || 534 || 23.0 || 24.0 || 14.5 || 10.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|constructions}} || {{Specs|destruction|chassis}} || 400 || ___ || 270 || ~10 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 380 || < 420 || > 329
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Compressor
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
! Setting 1
| 750 m || 1,500 hp || 1,623 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===


* 8.5 mm steel pilot seat

== Armaments ==
=== Offensive armament ===

{{main|NS-45 (45 mm)|NS-37 (37 mm)|ShVAK (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 2 x 37 mm NS-37 cannons, wing-mounted (75 rpg = 150 total) + 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, nose-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
** 2 x 45 mm NS-45 cannons, wing-mounted (50 rpg = 100 total) + 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, nose-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)

=== Suspended armament ===

{{main|FAB-100 (100 kg)|FAB-250M43 (250 kg)|FAB-500 (500 kg)|RS-132|RBS-132}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100 bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg FAB-250M43 bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg FAB-500 bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 8 x RS-132 rockets
* 8 x RBS-132 rockets

=== Defensive armament ===

{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, dorsal turret (200 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==


=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Ludicrously powerful armament layouts with decent ammo capacities
* Both the 37 mm cannons and 45 mm cannons have high muzzle velocity are quite accurate
* Firing the guns barely slows the aircraft down
* Reasonable manoeuvrability for a twin-engined fighter bolstered by leading-edge slats
* Decent speed, but lower than most fighters it will encounter
* Acceptable acceleration for a twin-engined fighter
* All armaments centred in or near the nose, resulting in little need for convergence adjustments, except for long-distance shots
* Can mount bombs and rockets for ground-pounding
* Premium rewards

'''Cons:'''

* Slower than contemporary aircraft
* Lack of bulletproof glass makes the pilot prone to snipes, also vulnerable to head-on attacks
* Extremely prone to fires

== History ==
The TIS A (and the improved MA) were designed to a 1938 specification for a heavy fighter - but work did not begin until 1940 due to resources being devoted to the I-180 and SPB projects.

The TIS A was an all metal monocoque monoplane with a very heavy forward facing armament of some mix of 2 x 37mm, 2 x 20mm cannon; and 2 x 12.7mm UB + 4 x 7.62mm ShKAS machine guns, or 6 x 7.62mm ShKAS machine guns - sources vary on the exact nature of armament for the prototype<ref>http://www.airpages.ru/eng/ru/tis.shtml Aviation of WW2</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_TIS Wikipedia article</ref>. The single rear gunner had 2 ShKAS machine guns - 1 mounted to fire from a dorsal position, the other mounted to shoot through a ventral hatch. It was fitted with Mikulin AM-39 engines, but these had protracted development problems - they were unreliable and vibrated above 5000m altitude.

By 1942 flight testing showed several problems, and a major redesign was conducted - radiators were moved to the wings, the machine guns in the nose were replaced by 2 x ShVAK 20mm cannon, and 2 x 45mm 11P guns were fitted in the wing roots. The gunner's 2 x ShKAS were replaced by a single 12.7mm UBT machine gun. Engine reliability was not improved, so AM-38F engines (as fitted to Il-2's) were fitted instead - and these had much lower output resulting in predictably lower performance, especially at higher altitudes due to the AM-38's single stage supercharger optimised for lower altitudes.

This configuration was renamed the TIS-MA.

Flight testing of the TIS-MA from June-September 1944 found it performed as expected with the new engines - being generally disappointing at altitude. Calculations showed much better performance if the desired AM-39's could be fitted. However fate intervened - Polikarpov died on 30 July of stomach cancer, and when the TIS-MA crashed on 15 September it spelled the end of the program - his design bureau was being shut down and none of the others could or would take it on.

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on the aircraft;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Polikarpov}}
{{USSR twin-engine fighters}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

MBK pr.186

2019-11-13T23:53:18Z

U24811726: Responds well to helm so evading torpedoes not as bad as might be thought

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_mkl_186}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet armoured gun boat {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] when the Soviet fleet was implemented into the game.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The MBK pr. 186 has signifigantly more armor than it's predecessors all-around, and can take a fair beating as a result. The middle portion of this ship has 30mm of rolled homogeneous armor, while the front and back have protection of 8-12mm. This defence makes death by machine gun fire much less likely, almost a relic of the past. However, this additional armor makes this ship much heavier, and detrimentally effects the speed, as elaborated in the next section.

=== Mobility ===

The MBK pr. 186 has an abysmal top speed of 26.3 km/h with stock equipment, and around 33 km/h fully upgraded. The turning speed is also terrible, and it will take more than a dozen seconds to completely turn around. Due to this fact, the MBK pr. 186 must be played with very strategically chosen movements, as becoming exposed with no quick way out is one of the most common ways to be destroyed in this ship.

The vessel responds quickly to steering inputs, so evading torpedoes is easier than might be expected from the slow speed.

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===

The MBK pr. 186 has two T-34-85 turrets as its main guns. These guns fare fairly well against medium sized ships due to their reasonable caliber, and can sometimes hull-break small ships, although small enough ships are seldomly encountered at this BR. Up until this point, HE shells were the indisputably best shell for naval combat due to the lack of armor anywhere. However, at this BR you will fight destroyers, which have a fair amount of armor and may require APHE shells to fight.

=== Secondary armament ===

In addition to the two 85mm cannons, there is a 37mm autocannon, the same model as the one used on the Pr.1124 (1945) and the BMO as well as the MPK-163. This gun is a fairly good secondary gun due to its caliber and good rate-of-fire, and can tackle both small to medium sized ships and most air targets.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===

The MBK pr. 186 has two twin-mount 12.7mm DShK turrets that are mounted on both sides of the command bridge at the center of the ship. As such, only one turret can engage a target at a time due to the interrupted arc of fire unless the target is directly in front or behind the ship. This is not the most desirable positioning but it will work most of the time deterring air attacks, with the help of the 37mm autocannon.

== Usage in battles ==

As mentioned above, the MBK pr. 186 has decent armor but terrible mobility. This means it is not optimized for quick attacks or ambushes, but must rather be used for tactical attacks, as it is difficult to escape from an engagement once it is made. Additionally, this boat has an inordinately large repair cost, sometimes in excess of 20,000 SL, so this boat must be played very, very carefully in order to maintain a desirable outcome.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* 2 x 85mm provide plenty of firepower to destroy boats
* Secondary and AA armament is on a par with the main armament of most other PT boats
* Armour provides significant protection against machine-guns and small caliber cannon HE ammunition

*

'''Cons:'''

* Slow
* Expensive repair cost

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR boats}}

MBK pr.186 (MK 85)

2019-11-13T23:47:42Z

U24811726: Copy most of article from main tree version, with appropriate changes

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_mkl_186_mk85}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{specs|rank}} Soviet armored gun boat {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]] with the fleet release into open beta test.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
The MBK pr. 186 (MK 85) has signifigantly more armor than it's predecessors all-around, and can take a fair beating as a result. The middle portion of this ship has 30mm of rolled homogeneous armor, while the front and back have protection of 8-12mm. This defence makes death by machine gun fire much less likely, almost a relic of the past. However, this additional armor makes this ship much heavier, and detrimentally effects the speed, as elaborated in the next section.

The 85mm gun turrets have significantly less armour than the main tree version.

=== Mobility ===
The MBK pr. 186 (MK 85) has an abysmal top speed 35 km/h in AB. The turning speed is also terrible, and it will take more than a dozen seconds to completely turn around, however it does start the turn quite rapidly, making dodging torpedoes a reasonable option. Due to this fact, the vessel must be played with very strategically chosen movements, as becoming exposed with no quick way out is one of the most common ways to be destroyed in this ship.

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===
The MBK pr. 186 has two 85mm guns in single turrets as its main guns. These guns fare fairly well against medium sized ships due to their reasonable caliber, and can sometimes hull-break small ships, although small enough ships are seldomly encountered at this BR. Up until this point, HE shells were the indisputably best shell for naval combat due to the lack of armor anywhere. HE should be your usual load, although APHE shells are useful vs other armoured gunboats, and also sometimes against larger vessels.

=== Secondary armament ===
A single 37mm autocannon comprises the secondary armament. This is the same model as the one used on the Pr.1124 (1945) and the BMO as well as the MPK-163. This gun is a fairly good secondary gun due to its caliber and good rate-of-fire, and can tackle both small to medium sized ships and most air targets.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
Two twin-mount 12.7mm DShK turrets that are mounted on the sides of the command bridge at the center of the ship. As such, only one turret can engage a target at a time due to the interrupted arc of fire unless the target is directly in front or behind the ship. This is not the most desirable positioning but it will work most of the time deterring air attacks, with the help of the 37mm autocannon.

== Usage in battles ==
The vessel is best at medium distance combat, due to the power of its 85mm cannon. It can easily destroy all other vessels in its class by aiming for the hull sections and destroying them in turn - 3 well aimed salvos will kill most PT-sized boats. It is not suited to close quarter or ambush combat due to its slow speed, however if it finds itself in such a psoition its firepower can be enough so solve the situation.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* 2 x 85mm provide plenty of firepower to destroy boats
* Secondary and AA armament is on a par with the main armament of most other PT boats
* Armour provides significant protection against machine-guns and small caliber cannon HE ammunition
* significantly less repair cost than the main tree version

*

'''Cons:'''

* Slow
* Turrets have less armour than main tree version

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aS6-IP8RiyQ] - Armour matters

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecLuyiTPpqY] - A spectacular sealclubber

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR boats}}
{{USSR premium ships}}

MBK pr.186

2019-11-13T23:24:44Z

U24811726: /* Pros and cons */ start pro and con sections

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_mkl_186}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet armoured gun boat {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] when the Soviet fleet was implemented into the game.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

The MBK pr. 186 has signifigantly more armor than it's predecessors all-around, and can take a fair beating as a result. The middle portion of this ship has 30mm of rolled homogeneous armor, while the front and back have protection of 8-12mm. This defence makes death by machine gun fire much less likely, almost a relic of the past. However, this additional armor makes this ship much heavier, and detrimentally effects the speed, as elaborated in the next section.

=== Mobility ===

The MBK pr. 186 has an abysmal top speed of 26.3 km/h with stock equipment, and around 33 km/h fully upgraded. The turning speed is also terrible, and it will take more than a dozen seconds to completely turn around. Due to this fact, the MBK pr. 186 must be played with very strategically chosen movements, as becoming exposed with no quick way out is one of the most common ways to be destroyed in this ship. Additionally, this ship is a sitting duck and a juicy target for motor torpedo boats, as evading torpedoes is quite the task in the MBK pr. 186.

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===

The MBK pr. 186 has two T-34-85 turrets as its main guns. These guns fare fairly well against medium sized ships due to their reasonable caliber, and can sometimes hull-break small ships, although small enough ships are seldomly encountered at this BR. Up until this point, HE shells were the indisputably best shell for naval combat due to the lack of armor anywhere. However, at this BR you will fight destroyers, which have a fair amount of armor and may require APHE shells to fight.

=== Secondary armament ===

In addition to the two 85mm cannons, there is a 37mm autocannon, the same model as the one used on the Pr.1124 (1945) and the BMO as well as the MPK-163. This gun is a fairly good secondary gun due to its caliber and good rate-of-fire, and can tackle both small to medium sized ships and most air targets.

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===

The MBK pr. 186 has two twin-mount 12.7mm DShK turrets that are mounted on both sides of the command bridge at the center of the ship. As such, only one turret can engage a target at a time due to the interrupted arc of fire unless the target is directly in front or behind the ship. This is not the most desirable positioning but it will work most of the time deterring air attacks, with the help of the 37mm autocannon.

== Usage in battles ==

As mentioned above, the MBK pr. 186 has decent armor but terrible mobility. This means it is not optimized for quick attacks or ambushes, but must rather be used for tactical attacks, as it is difficult to escape from an engagement once it is made. Additionally, this boat has an inordinately large repair cost, sometimes in excess of 20,000 SL, so this boat must be played very, very carefully in order to maintain a desirable outcome.

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* 2 x 85mm provide plenty of firepower to destroy boats
* Secondary and AA armament is on a par with the main armament of most other PT boats
* Armour provides significant protection against machine-guns and small caliber cannon HE ammunition

*

'''Cons:'''

* Slow
* Expensive repair cost

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR boats}}

Pr.123K (A-10bis)

2019-11-12T23:59:28Z

U24811726: General expansion: pros and cons, torpedo armament, tactics

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_pr_123k_hydrofoils}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{specs|rank}} Soviet motor torpedo boat {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]] as part of the fleet release into open beta test.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
This boat has no armour, and relies upon small size and fast speed for survival. Turning away after dropping torpedoes and hiding behind smoke should be standard tactics.

=== Mobility ===
The Pr 123K (A-11) is the fastest boat in the game - getting to 135/136kph in Arcade Battles. This makes it very useful for caping zones that are some distance from the main battle area.

The vessel loses a lot of speed when making anything more than minimal turns, like all hydrofoils. However it has very good acceleration, allowing sharp turns to be a normal part of your tactics.

== Armament ==
=== Machinegun armament ===
The Pr. 123K has dual [https://wiki.warthunder.com/KPVT_(14.5_mm) KPVT (14.5mm)] machine guns mounted at the stern, giving a very wide angle of fire excluding a relatively small angle either side of straight ahead..

However the KPV is a very powerful gun, and with API ammunition it can do considerable internal and crew damage, destroying any other small boat in the game with 2-3 reloads, and even significantly reducing the crew of much larger vessels such as destroyers. Effective use of the guns requires good understanding of lead and aiming offsets for speed and angle - opponents will often not adequately compensate for your speed, while you can be causing damage at ranges up to 1.5km

=== Torpedo armament ===
The Pr. 123bis carries two 450 mm wet-heating 45-36NU torpedoes. They have a range of 3 km at a speed of 78 km/h or a range of 6 km at 73 km/h with the Torpedo Mode module installed. They are placed at the bow of the boat and fired out at the same speed the boat is already travelling at.

=== Special armament ===
''Depth charges, mines, rocket launchers and missiles are also effective in skilled hands and can be an unexpected surprise for an opponent. Evaluate the ammunition of this type of armament and rate its performance in combat.''

== Usage in battles ==
In AB this vessel is best used to cap zones that are some distance from the main action areas. This is best done at the start of the battle, or towards the end, in either case when there are likely to be fewer enemy vessels near those zones.

The vessel is also an adequate PT boat for its BR, and its high speed allows it to hide behind terrain (islands, peninsulas) in ambush and to reload torpedoes (in AB)

=== Pros and cons ===
'''Pros:'''

* Very fast;
* Very small;
* 2 x 14.5mm machineguns pack more punch than expected.

*

'''Cons:'''

* Weak hull and small crew cannot take much damage;
* Only 2 torpedoes.

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR boats}}
{{USSR premium ships}}

Pr.123K (A-10bis)

2019-11-08T02:13:33Z

U24811726: /* Primary armament */ info about MG arament

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_pr_123k_hydrofoils}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{specs|rank}} Soviet motor torpedo boat {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]] as part of the fleet release into open beta test.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armament separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Tips for preserving survivability should be saved for the "Use in battle" section.''

''If necessary, use a graphic template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the ship’s mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward speed and reverse speed.''

== Armament ==
=== Machinegun armament ===
The Pr. 123K has dual [https://wiki.warthunder.com/KPVT_(14.5_mm) KPVT (14.5mm)] machine guns mounted at the stern, giving a very wide angle of fire excluding a relatively small angle either side of straight ahead..

However the KPV is a very powerful gun, and with API ammunition it can do considerable internal and crew damage, destroying any other small boat in the game with 2-3 reloads, and even significantly reducing the crew of much larger vessels such as destroyers. Effective use of the guns requires good understanding of lead and aiming offsets for speed and angle - opponents will often not adequately compensate for your speed, while you can be causing damage at ranges up to 1.5km

=== Secondary armament ===
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armament and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section.''

''If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
''An important part of the ship’s armament responsible for air raid defense. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship’s anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets.''

''If there is no anti-aircraft artillery, remove this section.''

=== Torpedo armament ===
''Many ships are armed with torpedo launchers, and for some vessels such as boats, torpedoes are an extremely important means of defeating an opponent. Evaluate the position of the torpedo launchers, discuss the ammunition available, firing specifics such as dead zones, features of the torpedoes themselves, etc.''

''If there is no torpedo armament, remove this section.''

=== Special armament ===
''Depth charges, mines, rocket launchers and missiles are also effective in skilled hands and can be an unexpected surprise for an opponent. Evaluate the ammunition of this type of armament and rate its performance in combat.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don’t get try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR boats}}
{{USSR premium ships}}

Pr.123K (A-10bis)

2019-11-08T02:10:43Z

U24811726: /* Primary armament */ add info about KPVT MG's

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_pr_123k_hydrofoils}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{specs|name}}''' is a premium rank {{specs|rank}} Soviet motor torpedo boat {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]] as part of the fleet release into open beta test.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armament separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Tips for preserving survivability should be saved for the "Use in battle" section.''

''If necessary, use a graphic template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the ship’s mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward speed and reverse speed.''

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===
The Pr. 123K has dual [<code>KPVT (14.5mm)]</code> machine guns mounted at the stern, giving a very wide angle of fire excluding a relatively small angle either side of straight ahead..

However the KPV is a very powerful gun, and with API ammunition it can do considerable internal and crew damage, destroying any other small boat in the game with 2-3 reloads, and even significantly reducing the crew of much larger vessels such as destroyers. Effective use of the guns requires good understanding of lead and aiming offsets for speed and angle - opponents will often not adequately compensate for your speed, while you can be causing damage at ranges up to 1.5km

=== Secondary armament ===
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armament and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section.''

''If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
''An important part of the ship’s armament responsible for air raid defense. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship’s anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets.''

''If there is no anti-aircraft artillery, remove this section.''

=== Torpedo armament ===
''Many ships are armed with torpedo launchers, and for some vessels such as boats, torpedoes are an extremely important means of defeating an opponent. Evaluate the position of the torpedo launchers, discuss the ammunition available, firing specifics such as dead zones, features of the torpedoes themselves, etc.''

''If there is no torpedo armament, remove this section.''

=== Special armament ===
''Depth charges, mines, rocket launchers and missiles are also effective in skilled hands and can be an unexpected surprise for an opponent. Evaluate the ammunition of this type of armament and rate its performance in combat.''

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don’t get try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarize and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - they have a substitution in the form of softer "inadequate", "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR boats}}
{{USSR premium ships}}

Pr.123K

2019-11-08T02:05:59Z

U24811726: /* Armament */ Rewrite machinegun armament section based on personal experience

{{Specs-Card|code=ussr_pr_123k}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Pr. 123K Komsomolets.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Soviet motor torpedo boat {{Battle-rating|1}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] when the Soviet fleet was implemented into the game.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The Pr.123K, like the majority of vessels at rank I, has no armour. As this is a boat of the same class as its predecessor in-game (Pr. 123bis), it has the same vulnerabilities - easily destroyed engines and frequent fires.

=== Mobility ===
''Write about the ship’s mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward speed and reverse speed.''

== Armament ==
=== Primary armament ===


The Pr. 123K has half the number of machine guns than Pr. 123bis, but they have a larger caliber (dual 14.5 mm KPV machine guns). This is a generally disadvantage at this battle rating, because the vast majority of boats you will face will have no armour and so volume of fire is more important than the power of the ammunition.

However the KPV is a very powerful gun, and with API ammunition it can do considerable internal and crew damage, destroying any other small boat in the game with 2-3 reloads, and even significantly reducing the crew of much larger vessels such as destroyers. Effective use of the guns requires good understanding of lead and aiming offsets for speed and angle - opponents will often not adequately compensate for your speed, while you can be causing damage at ranges up to 1.5km

The guns are mounted in the stern, giving a very wide angle of fire excluding a relatively small angle either side of straight ahead.

=== Torpedo armament ===


The Pr. 123K is equipped with 2 450 mm wet-heating 45-36NU torpedoes, which are placed on the sides of the boat. When released, they are fired forwards already at speed, which allows you to get a jump on any opponents who are in the torpedo range. It is a good idea to rush tougher opponents and fire your torpedoes very close to them to guarantee a hit (use this tactic at higher battle ratings to get rid of the toughest ships).

=== Special armament ===

The Pr. 123K can carry 4 BB-1 depth charges, which can be used as time-based mines or as traps for opponents who are circling you. It is advised to read the [[BB-1 depth charge|full BB-1 article]] which covers its uses in more depth.

== Usage in battles ==

The Pr. 123K has only two machine guns, which are dual-mounted, but they have a larger caliber (14.5 mm) than its predecessor. Moreover, it gets two torpedoes, which are fired forwards at speed (can be an advantage, but also a disadvantage). All of that weaponry is placed on a motor boat which can reach very high speeds. It's a boat that will help you grind out USSR rank I fleet.

After playing the Pr. 123bis, this boat will seem to have much less firepower. It is also problematic that you have to expose your side to engage any opponents, because your machine guns are placed behind the bridge. This boat is harder to use, but it can encounter opponents at battle rating 3.0, some of which you cannot penetrate. You have to play very carefully, and always stay at speed, or you will get picked of very quickly by gun boats with large guns. You should be the person to capture points for your team, and stay a nuisance for the enemies.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Can reach very high speeds, which makes flanking easy and makes it harder to hit the boat.
* Has 2 torpedoes which are guaranteed to sink opponents on impact.

'''Cons:'''

* No armour.
* No anti-air armament.
* Inability to engage opponents right in-front.

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too big, take it to a separate article, taking a link to an article about the vehicle and adding a block "/ History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article.''

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on ship;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR boats}}

Conqueror

2019-10-25T01:22:25Z

U24811726: Add ref to trials of additional armour in the text - which is probably a better place for it than in the list of pro's

{{Specs-Card|code=uk_conqueror_mk_2}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_Conqueror.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was released along with the initial British tree line in [[Update_1.55_"Royal_Armour"|Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]]. Designed to combat the Soviet [[IS-3]], the Conqueror gives the British line a much-needed vehicle with an emphasis on armour and firepower, with a [[M58 (120 mm)|120 mm L1A2 cannon]] capable of defeating all of the Rank V competition it will face.

The Conqueror was the tank the [[Caernarvon]] hull was designed for - the Caernarvon itself only being a stop-gap measure, with most models being upgraded to Conquerors once the type was approved for production. The Conqueror augments this hull with a significantly upgraded turret design housing the L1A2 120mm cannon.

The Conqueror deviates from most earlier British designs, favouring firepower and armour. This, combined with its somewhat limited mobility, results in the Conqueror proving to be one of, if not the single most effective sniper and support tank at its rank. Despite this, it can be put to good use in closer-range engagements.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The Conqueror utilises the same hull as the Caernarvon does, with respectable frontal armour capable of shrugging off rounds from many adversaries. Unfortunately this hull suffers from similarly weak side and rear armour - and as such angling the vehicle can prove extremely dangerous if it exposes the side too much. The Conqueror replaces the Caernarvon's Centurion-based turret with a fresh design, providing much better crew spacing and protection. The turret is not without its weaknesses, however; the commander's cupola protrudes quite significantly and APHE or HESH shells may disable internal turret components or crew members. There is also a weak section directly behind the mantlet at the top of the turret, penetration of which will disable crew or the breech/horizontal turret drive.

Trap shots are possible, it is likely to get shot with a high caliber HE, capable of destroying the tank by hitting the base of the turret and exploding into ammo rack just below it. Non-HE shells are less likely to ricochet and do significant internal damage like this, but it is still possible. The frontal track guards are also very vulnerable at particular angles and can be exploited even when sides are not exposed to instantly destroy the tank using nearly any gun, like with [[Churchill Mk VII]]. The more realistic scenario, however, is high caliber HESH hitting ground next to them and setting the tank on fire or outright destroying it. Fortunately, most tanks which are capable of this and are going out of their way to use HESH instead of HEAT are British and can only be your opponent in AB, in RB the likelyhood of receiving such hit is greatly reduced.

The Conqueror has a researchable add-on armour package which improves the vehicle's survivability to HEAT rounds and by a small amount to kinetic rounds.<ref>[https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a474293.pdf<nowiki> Trials against Conqueror tanks with additoinal ballistc protection - Part 2 The use of large hollow charge warheads]</nowiki></ref>

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)
* Structural steel (Side skirts)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 130 + 20 mm (59°) ''Front glacis'' 76 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 + 6 mm || 38 mm ''Top'' 20 mm (60°) ''Bottom'' || 44 mm ''Front'' 17 mm ''Crew hatch'' 17 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 152-313 mm (0-68°) ''Turret front'' 89-200 mm (0-78°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 89-233 mm (1-48°) || 50 mm (1-34°) || 51 mm 31 mm ''Square area near gun'' 17 mm ''Crew hatches''
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 203 mm (0-17°) || 70 mm (12-14°) || 51 mm 17 mm ''Crew hatch''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and bogies are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Front of turret vary in armour thickness, from 152 mm to 313 mm, but it is all very sloped due to turret design.
* The front of the turret roof has an additional armour plate of 31 mm in thickness.

=== Mobility ===


The Conqueror has reasonable mobility, despite its weight, thanks to a powerful engine and favourable gearbox ratios. It does suffer from a somewhat limited top speed of 34 km/h, however it reaches this speed fairly easily on-road and on smooth off-road surfaces. The vehicle has surprisingly responsive hull traverse due to the engine power and neutral steering capability. The Conqueror has a reasonable reverse speed for a British vehicle, however it shouldn't be relied on too heavily.

When the add-on armour package is researched and equipped, the vehicle's weight will increase by 1.1 tonnes, resulting in a minor decrease in mobility.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armour weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 64.9 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | 1.1 || colspan="1" | 37 (AB)
|-
|34 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|1,046
|____
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|716
|810
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|16.12
|__.__
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|11.03
|12.48
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|L1A2 (120 mm)}}The 120 mm L1A2 is a powerful gun, derived from the M58 mounted on the M103 heavy tank. Unlike the M103's selection of HEAT or AP, the Conqueror instead utilises HESH and APDS ammunition, and again unlike the M103, mounts a two-plane stabiliser. The L1A2 exhibits excellent accuracy and long-range performance, although due to the sub-par post-penetration effects of APDS in some cases multiple rounds are required to secure a knock-out, particularly at range where critical components or ammunition is less reliably hit.

Despite this, the Conqueror performs admirably as a sniper, covering capture points or thoroughfares, and should primarily rely on APDS with careful thought as to placement. HESH may prove useful against lighter vehicles or in cases where a target's side armour is exposed, but otherwise should not be relied on for anything besides pure luck. It's important to remember that the Conqueror has a reasonably long reload of 19.4 seconds at base; and as such careful consideration should be made as to what to prioritise disabling first.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[L1A2 (120 mm)|120 mm L1A2]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 35 || -7°/+15° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 9.7 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 19.4 || 17.13 || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Shot L1G || APDS || 362 || 361 || 359 || 354 || 339 || 321
|-
| Shell L1TK || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Shot L1G || APDS || 1493 || 7.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| Shell L1TK || HESH || 792 || 16 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 3,100 || +0° || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_Conqueror.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the Conqueror Mk.2.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" width="10%" |Recommendations
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''35''' || 31 ''(+4)'' || 21 ''(+14)'' || 16 ''(+19)'' || 11 ''(+24)'' || 6 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+34)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

Keep ammo at around 16 ''(+19)'' or 11 ''(+24)''

=== Machine guns ===


{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}The Conqueror sports two machine guns, one of which is pintle mounted and may prove itself a deterrent to some close air support. The machine guns may on occasion prove useful for destroying incoming ATGMs, given a bit of luck.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,750 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,750 (250) || 500 || -10°/+30° || ±90°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Conqueror can be effectively played as a sniper, or a steady breakthrough tank, providing the vehicle's slow reload and weak lower front plate are considered.

'''Sniper Role'''

When used in a sniper role, the Conqueror should utilise extreme ranges with some form of cover available, in case the situation goes awry. Ensure awareness is maintained for light flanking vehicles or enemy sniping vehicles on off-angles that may be able to disable the Conqueror through side armour. Play conservatively, avoiding wasting shots and having to wait for the long reload time, and avoid exposing the hull where possible.

'''Breakthrough Role'''

The Conqueror may be utilised in a breakthrough role, although it should be played conservatively and with a level of map awareness at all times. The stabilised gun allows the conqueror to comfortably fire on the move - a rare piece of equipment at the rank - this gives it a distinct advantage over most targets it will face at close range, with the ability to reliably hit targets without waiting for the suspension sway to subside. However, the vehicle's slow reload means that calculated shots are a requirement, and wasting a round may have dire results. As usual, keep in mind that the vehicle's sides and lower front plate are particularly vulnerable and exposing either to enemy fire will often result in the Conqueror's destruction.

'''Modules'''

As usual, the 'Parts' and 'FPE' upgrades are essentially mandatory. After these, the 'Tracks' upgrade is recommended to allow the Conqueror to avoid exposing its sides to targets, along with the 'Adjustment of Fire' for additional accuracy at range. Most other upgrades are somewhat irrelevant in terms of their ordering, however the add-on armour upgrade may prove valuable against HEAT rounds.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* APDS round is extremely powerful, with a maximum of 362 mm of penetration at 10m/0°
* HESH ammo may have surprising results, and can prove particularly effective against light or side armour
* APDS round is particularly accurate at long ranges
* Both available rounds have reasonably good angled performance
* The L1A2 cannon is fully two-plane stabilised, allowing it to be fired accurately on the move
* The coaxial machine gun has ballistic performance similar to the HESH round and may be used for ranging
* The turret is very sloped and well armoured, with very few weak points
* The upper front plate is very thick and sloped
* Can mount add-on armour which offers more protection in the form of spaced armour to the turret cheeks and upper plate
* Well-spaced crew make the vehicle unlikely to be affected by crew knock-out in a single hit
* Reasonably good mobility despite weight

'''Cons:'''

* APDS has minimal post-penetration effect, and careful round placement is necessary
* HESH is not reliable against any vehicle with semi-decent armour
* Long reload time (19.4 second base), although relatively standard for calibre
* Possesses only 7.62 mm machine guns
* Weak lower front plate
* Particularly weak side armour, 51 mm inner with a spaced 6 mm plate
* 17 mm of protection on the engine deck will result in aircraft strafing runs to damage or set fire to the engine
* Top speed is limited at only 34 km/h
* A turret penetration will often result in ammunition detonation; the turret has ammo racks strewn throughout

== History ==


===Development===
In 1944, General Staff started a project called ''A45 Infantry Support Tank'', which started around the same time as the development of the [[Centurion Mk 1|A41 Centurion]] cruiser tank. This project, after the war, was redesignated from a typical "Infantry Tank" and instead focused on a new role of a "Universal Tank" design in the form of the FV 200 series. The "Universal Tank" concept was to design a vehicle that would have a mobility comparable to that of cruiser tanks, but with the armour and firepower of heavy tanks. The FV 200 series designation was adopted and was to serve as a line of vehicles that used the same hull and chassis in different roles like armour recovery vehicles and self-propelled guns. The first tank of this series was to be the FV 201, which would be 55 tons and use the 20-pounder gun.

In 1949, a new requirement for the project called for the use of a 120 mm gun, possibly in response to the reveal of the Soviet [[IS-3]] heavy tank in the Berlin Victory Parade in 1945. This new requirement would delay the initial deadlines for the tank as no gun of that caliber had been developed yet. As a interim development before such a gun could be made, the FV 201 hull was mounted with a turret from the Centurion tank and this created the ''[[Caernarvon|FV 221 Caernarvon]]'', with ''Mark I'' for a 17-pounder armament and a ''Mark II'' for a 20-pounder armament. However, the success of the lighter Centurion tank made the Caernarvon unsuitable in a "Main Battle Tank" role. Further development on the Caernarvon, with emphasis on the armour and armament, would develop the '''FV 214 Conqueror''' tanks, some were straight up conversions of Caernarvon Mark II's. About 185 Conquerors were produced in Mk.1 and Mk.2 variants from 1955 to 1959.

===Design===
The FV 214 Conqueror, also known as the "Tank, Heavy No. 1, 120 mm Gun, Conqueror", was intended to provide a mobile, long-range anti-tank support for the lighter and more numerous Centurion tanks stationed in Germany. As a response to the heavy [[IS-3]] tank in Soviet service, the tank's armament and armour is taken up and beyond extreme to typical NATO armour development. The armour, with a frontal plate of about seven inches (178 mm), made the tank one of the most protected tanks stationed in West Germany. The abundance of armour made the tank heavy, weighing 64 tons, and this impeded the tank's top speed and made it mechanically unreliable. However, the tank was very mobile in cross-country terrain, seen as equal as the lighter and faster Centurion tank.

The gun was the very large 120 mm cannon, the largest caliber tank gun available when it was introduced. The gun was American-developed, the same 120 mm cannon that would arm the [[M103|M103]] heavy tank. The gun uses a two-piece ammunition and the tank allowed for a ammo stowage of 35 rounds. Another notable feature of the Conqueror aside from its large cannon and thick armour was the unique and rotatable commander's cupola. In the cupola was the Conqueror's fire control system and had many features that made it ahead of its time. Being able to be rotated independent from the turret, plus with a coincidence rangefinder, the commander could align the cupola to a target, measure its range, and direct the gunner to the designated target. While the gunner located and engage the target, the commander could go and find a different target to designate and range.

===Usage===
The Conqueror were all stationed in West German in the armoured regiments stationed there. Each regiment received 9 Conquerors and were organized in groups of three as tank troops to support the Centurions in any conflict that arise from the tense situation of the Cold War. As history played out, the Cold War never became "hot" and no hostile conflicts arise in the borders of Germany, thus the Conquerors never saw any use aside from training as they were all exclusively stationed on the German borders. The Conqueror's intention to provide a long-range anti-tank capability for the Centurions, became less significant when the Centurions began to arm themselves with the more powerful 105 mm L7 gun, such as the [[Centurion Mk 10]]. The lower tactical value of the Conqueror and further development on heavy tanks in Britain had the Conquerors replaced in 1966 with the much more powerful and armoured, yet lighter, [[Chieftain Mk 3|FV 4201 Chieftain tank]].

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/850/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Сenturion Mk III and Conqueror Mk II]
* [http://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/870 [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Conqueror Armor Investigation]

{{Britain heavy tanks}}

Conqueror

2019-10-25T01:17:55Z

U24811726: Add reference to test of spaced armour on Conqueror

{{Specs-Card|code=uk_conqueror_mk_2}}

== Description ==


[[File:GarageImage_Conqueror.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} British heavy tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was released along with the initial British tree line in [[Update_1.55_"Royal_Armour"|Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]]. Designed to combat the Soviet [[IS-3]], the Conqueror gives the British line a much-needed vehicle with an emphasis on armour and firepower, with a [[M58 (120 mm)|120 mm L1A2 cannon]] capable of defeating all of the Rank V competition it will face.

The Conqueror was the tank the [[Caernarvon]] hull was designed for - the Caernarvon itself only being a stop-gap measure, with most models being upgraded to Conquerors once the type was approved for production. The Conqueror augments this hull with a significantly upgraded turret design housing the L1A2 120mm cannon.

The Conqueror deviates from most earlier British designs, favouring firepower and armour. This, combined with its somewhat limited mobility, results in the Conqueror proving to be one of, if not the single most effective sniper and support tank at its rank. Despite this, it can be put to good use in closer-range engagements.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===


The Conqueror utilises the same hull as the Caernarvon does, with respectable frontal armour capable of shrugging off rounds from many adversaries. Unfortunately this hull suffers from similarly weak side and rear armour - and as such angling the vehicle can prove extremely dangerous if it exposes the side too much. The Conqueror replaces the Caernarvon's Centurion-based turret with a fresh design, providing much better crew spacing and protection. The turret is not without its weaknesses, however; the commander's cupola protrudes quite significantly and APHE or HESH shells may disable internal turret components or crew members. There is also a weak section directly behind the mantlet at the top of the turret, penetration of which will disable crew or the breech/horizontal turret drive.

Trap shots are possible, it is likely to get shot with a high caliber HE, capable of destroying the tank by hitting the base of the turret and exploding into ammo rack just below it. Non-HE shells are less likely to ricochet and do significant internal damage like this, but it is still possible. The frontal track guards are also very vulnerable at particular angles and can be exploited even when sides are not exposed to instantly destroy the tank using nearly any gun, like with [[Churchill Mk VII]]. The more realistic scenario, however, is high caliber HESH hitting ground next to them and setting the tank on fire or outright destroying it. Fortunately, most tanks which are capable of this and are going out of their way to use HESH instead of HEAT are British and can only be your opponent in AB, in RB the likelyhood of receiving such hit is greatly reduced.

The Conqueror has a researchable add-on armour package which improves the vehicle's survivability to HEAT rounds and by a small amount to kinetic rounds.

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)
* Structural steel (Side skirts)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 130 + 20 mm (59°) ''Front glacis'' 76 mm (44°) ''Lower glacis'' || 51 + 6 mm || 38 mm ''Top'' 20 mm (60°) ''Bottom'' || 44 mm ''Front'' 17 mm ''Crew hatch'' 17 mm ''Rear''
|-
| Turret || 152-313 mm (0-68°) ''Turret front'' 89-200 mm (0-78°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 89-233 mm (1-48°) || 50 mm (1-34°) || 51 mm 31 mm ''Square area near gun'' 17 mm ''Crew hatches''
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 203 mm (0-17°) || 70 mm (12-14°) || 51 mm 17 mm ''Crew hatch''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and bogies are 20 mm thick while tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Front of turret vary in armour thickness, from 152 mm to 313 mm, but it is all very sloped due to turret design.
* The front of the turret roof has an additional armour plate of 31 mm in thickness.

=== Mobility ===


The Conqueror has reasonable mobility, despite its weight, thanks to a powerful engine and favourable gearbox ratios. It does suffer from a somewhat limited top speed of 34 km/h, however it reaches this speed fairly easily on-road and on smooth off-road surfaces. The vehicle has surprisingly responsive hull traverse due to the engine power and neutral steering capability. The Conqueror has a reasonable reverse speed for a British vehicle, however it shouldn't be relied on too heavily.

When the add-on armour package is researched and equipped, the vehicle's weight will increase by 1.1 tonnes, resulting in a minor decrease in mobility.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armour weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 64.9 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | 1.1 || colspan="1" | 37 (AB)
|-
|34 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|1,046
|____
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|716
|810
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|16.12
|__.__
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|11.03
|12.48
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|L1A2 (120 mm)}}The 120 mm L1A2 is a powerful gun, derived from the M58 mounted on the M103 heavy tank. Unlike the M103's selection of HEAT or AP, the Conqueror instead utilises HESH and APDS ammunition, and again unlike the M103, mounts a two-plane stabiliser. The L1A2 exhibits excellent accuracy and long-range performance, although due to the sub-par post-penetration effects of APDS in some cases multiple rounds are required to secure a knock-out, particularly at range where critical components or ammunition is less reliably hit.

Despite this, the Conqueror performs admirably as a sniper, covering capture points or thoroughfares, and should primarily rely on APDS with careful thought as to placement. HESH may prove useful against lighter vehicles or in cases where a target's side armour is exposed, but otherwise should not be relied on for anything besides pure luck. It's important to remember that the Conqueror has a reasonably long reload of 19.4 seconds at base; and as such careful consideration should be made as to what to prioritise disabling first.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[L1A2 (120 mm)|120 mm L1A2]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 35 || -7°/+15° || ±180° || Two-plane
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 9.7 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 19.4 || 17.13 || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Shot L1G || APDS || 362 || 361 || 359 || 354 || 339 || 321
|-
| Shell L1TK || HESH || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152 || 152
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Shot L1G || APDS || 1493 || 7.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +1.5° || 75° || 78° || 80°
|-
| Shell L1TK || HESH || 792 || 16 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 3,100 || +0° || 73° || 77° || 80°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_Conqueror.png|right|thumbnail|x250px|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the Conqueror Mk.2.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" width="10%" |Recommendations
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
|| '''35''' || 31 ''(+4)'' || 21 ''(+14)'' || 16 ''(+19)'' || 11 ''(+24)'' || 6 ''(+29)'' || 1 ''(+34)'' || style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

Keep ammo at around 16 ''(+19)'' or 11 ''(+24)''

=== Machine guns ===


{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}The Conqueror sports two machine guns, one of which is pintle mounted and may prove itself a deterrent to some close air support. The machine guns may on occasion prove useful for destroying incoming ATGMs, given a bit of luck.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,750 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Pintle mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 3,750 (250) || 500 || -10°/+30° || ±90°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The Conqueror can be effectively played as a sniper, or a steady breakthrough tank, providing the vehicle's slow reload and weak lower front plate are considered.

'''Sniper Role'''

When used in a sniper role, the Conqueror should utilise extreme ranges with some form of cover available, in case the situation goes awry. Ensure awareness is maintained for light flanking vehicles or enemy sniping vehicles on off-angles that may be able to disable the Conqueror through side armour. Play conservatively, avoiding wasting shots and having to wait for the long reload time, and avoid exposing the hull where possible.

'''Breakthrough Role'''

The Conqueror may be utilised in a breakthrough role, although it should be played conservatively and with a level of map awareness at all times. The stabilised gun allows the conqueror to comfortably fire on the move - a rare piece of equipment at the rank - this gives it a distinct advantage over most targets it will face at close range, with the ability to reliably hit targets without waiting for the suspension sway to subside. However, the vehicle's slow reload means that calculated shots are a requirement, and wasting a round may have dire results. As usual, keep in mind that the vehicle's sides and lower front plate are particularly vulnerable and exposing either to enemy fire will often result in the Conqueror's destruction.

'''Modules'''

As usual, the 'Parts' and 'FPE' upgrades are essentially mandatory. After these, the 'Tracks' upgrade is recommended to allow the Conqueror to avoid exposing its sides to targets, along with the 'Adjustment of Fire' for additional accuracy at range. Most other upgrades are somewhat irrelevant in terms of their ordering, however the add-on armour upgrade may prove valuable against HEAT rounds.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* APDS round is extremely powerful, with a maximum of 362 mm of penetration at 10m/0°
* HESH ammo may have surprising results, and can prove particularly effective against light or side armour
* APDS round is particularly accurate at long ranges
* Both available rounds have reasonably good angled performance
* The L1A2 cannon is fully two-plane stabilised, allowing it to be fired accurately on the move
* The coaxial machine gun has ballistic performance similar to the HESH round and may be used for ranging
* The turret is very sloped and well armoured, with very few weak points
* The upper front plate is very thick and sloped
* Can mount add-on armour which offers more protection in the form of spaced armour to the turret cheeks and upper plate<ref>[https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a474293.pdf<nowiki> Trials against Conqueror tanks with additional ballistic protection - Part 2 The use of large hollow charge warheads]</nowiki></ref>
* Well-spaced crew make the vehicle unlikely to be affected by crew knock-out in a single hit
* Reasonably good mobility despite weight

'''Cons:'''

* APDS has minimal post-penetration effect, and careful round placement is necessary
* HESH is not reliable against any vehicle with semi-decent armour
* Long reload time (19.4 second base), although relatively standard for calibre
* Possesses only 7.62 mm machine guns
* Weak lower front plate
* Particularly weak side armour, 51 mm inner with a spaced 6 mm plate
* 17 mm of protection on the engine deck will result in aircraft strafing runs to damage or set fire to the engine
* Top speed is limited at only 34 km/h
* A turret penetration will often result in ammunition detonation; the turret has ammo racks strewn throughout

== History ==


===Development===
In 1944, General Staff started a project called ''A45 Infantry Support Tank'', which started around the same time as the development of the [[Centurion Mk 1|A41 Centurion]] cruiser tank. This project, after the war, was redesignated from a typical "Infantry Tank" and instead focused on a new role of a "Universal Tank" design in the form of the FV 200 series. The "Universal Tank" concept was to design a vehicle that would have a mobility comparable to that of cruiser tanks, but with the armour and firepower of heavy tanks. The FV 200 series designation was adopted and was to serve as a line of vehicles that used the same hull and chassis in different roles like armour recovery vehicles and self-propelled guns. The first tank of this series was to be the FV 201, which would be 55 tons and use the 20-pounder gun.

In 1949, a new requirement for the project called for the use of a 120 mm gun, possibly in response to the reveal of the Soviet [[IS-3]] heavy tank in the Berlin Victory Parade in 1945. This new requirement would delay the initial deadlines for the tank as no gun of that caliber had been developed yet. As a interim development before such a gun could be made, the FV 201 hull was mounted with a turret from the Centurion tank and this created the ''[[Caernarvon|FV 221 Caernarvon]]'', with ''Mark I'' for a 17-pounder armament and a ''Mark II'' for a 20-pounder armament. However, the success of the lighter Centurion tank made the Caernarvon unsuitable in a "Main Battle Tank" role. Further development on the Caernarvon, with emphasis on the armour and armament, would develop the '''FV 214 Conqueror''' tanks, some were straight up conversions of Caernarvon Mark II's. About 185 Conquerors were produced in Mk.1 and Mk.2 variants from 1955 to 1959.

===Design===
The FV 214 Conqueror, also known as the "Tank, Heavy No. 1, 120 mm Gun, Conqueror", was intended to provide a mobile, long-range anti-tank support for the lighter and more numerous Centurion tanks stationed in Germany. As a response to the heavy [[IS-3]] tank in Soviet service, the tank's armament and armour is taken up and beyond extreme to typical NATO armour development. The armour, with a frontal plate of about seven inches (178 mm), made the tank one of the most protected tanks stationed in West Germany. The abundance of armour made the tank heavy, weighing 64 tons, and this impeded the tank's top speed and made it mechanically unreliable. However, the tank was very mobile in cross-country terrain, seen as equal as the lighter and faster Centurion tank.

The gun was the very large 120 mm cannon, the largest caliber tank gun available when it was introduced. The gun was American-developed, the same 120 mm cannon that would arm the [[M103|M103]] heavy tank. The gun uses a two-piece ammunition and the tank allowed for a ammo stowage of 35 rounds. Another notable feature of the Conqueror aside from its large cannon and thick armour was the unique and rotatable commander's cupola. In the cupola was the Conqueror's fire control system and had many features that made it ahead of its time. Being able to be rotated independent from the turret, plus with a coincidence rangefinder, the commander could align the cupola to a target, measure its range, and direct the gunner to the designated target. While the gunner located and engage the target, the commander could go and find a different target to designate and range.

===Usage===
The Conqueror were all stationed in West German in the armoured regiments stationed there. Each regiment received 9 Conquerors and were organized in groups of three as tank troops to support the Centurions in any conflict that arise from the tense situation of the Cold War. As history played out, the Cold War never became "hot" and no hostile conflicts arise in the borders of Germany, thus the Conquerors never saw any use aside from training as they were all exclusively stationed on the German borders. The Conqueror's intention to provide a long-range anti-tank capability for the Centurions, became less significant when the Centurions began to arm themselves with the more powerful 105 mm L7 gun, such as the [[Centurion Mk 10]]. The lower tactical value of the Conqueror and further development on heavy tanks in Britain had the Conquerors replaced in 1966 with the much more powerful and armoured, yet lighter, [[Chieftain Mk 3|FV 4201 Chieftain tank]].

== Media ==
''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/850/ [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Сenturion Mk III and Conqueror Mk II]
* [http://warthunder.com/en/devblog/current/870 [Devblog<nowiki>]</nowiki> Conqueror Armor Investigation]

{{Britain heavy tanks}}

Towing

2019-10-14T21:51:21Z

U24811726: /* Towing controls */ just correct tense - "binded" becomes "bound"

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Towing rope}}

[[File:Towing TowRopeIcon.jpg|right|thumb|x100px|The towing icon in-game]]

'''Towing''' is an in-game ability available to ground and naval forces that allow vehicles to interact with one another by coupling of towing cables on each other.

__TOC__

==Towing controls==

The ability to tow is default key bound to the "0" on the keyboard in the controls under "Miscellaneous: towing rope".

Once bound, this key will enable the ability to tow on the vehicle in-game.

==Towing another vehicle==

Towing another vehicle requires the vehicle about to be towed (henceforth vehicle #1) to have enabled towing on their vehicle. The indication that vehicle #1 is ready to be towed is if a white towing hook is seen above the vehicle.

To begin towing, both vehicles must be within a certain distance. The vehicle about to tow (henceforth vehicle #2) must approach vehicle #1 and then upon hovering the in-game cursor on it, can see a formation of a tow rope being placed between the two vehicles. The location that the towing cable will connect to is dependent on where the cursor is on vehicle #1, allowing the player of vehicle #2 to pick the placement of the tow rope. Once vehicle #2 presses the tow button, the towing cable is connected at that spot and the two vehicles are now linked. Vehicle #2 can now use its own power to pull vehicle #1 out of whatever predicament it was once in.

==Towing tips==
Towing is more than just one vehicle pulling another, there's an art of physics involved as well!

* A light vehicle with low horsepower is not going to be able to pull very heavy vehicles. For example, the 6.4 ton [[Panzerjager_I|Panzerjäger I]] with a 100 horsepower engine can not efficiently tow a 21 ton [[Pz.IV E|Panzer IV E]].

* Attaching the tow rope on the centre of gravity will cause the pull to simply drag the tank over the ground.

* Flipping an overturned vehicle has more than just "point-and-click" action with towing. Aim the towing rope at an end to maximize torque to flip over a tank. If a tank is flipped on its side, drive around to the 'bottom' side of the tank. Connect your hook to the tracks in the air and drive away from the tank. However, if the tank's bottom is on an obstacle, use your hull to push/tow the tank past the obstacle. If a tank is completely overturned and still movable, aim the towing rope on the opposite end and then pull to provide enough force to flip the tank right back over.

* Track direction is considered when towing. It is easier to drag a tank in its forwards or backwards direction, but harder to drag towards the left or right direction.

==Towing immobility==
There are some moments in-game when a vehicle cannot be towed no matter what due to its situation. The following situations are times when a vehicle cannot be towed:

* Broken tracks (''requires testing and confirmation'')
* Crew replenishment
* Turret phasing through the map.

== Screenshots and fan art ==

== Additional information (links) ==


[[Category:Game mechanics]]

Naval units

2019-09-27T04:24:54Z

U24811726: Ships are also for players now

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Naval units}}

Naval units, sometimes referred to as ships, are NPC and player vehicles in War Thunder. NPC naval units are often used as objectives in Ground Strike or Operation missions. Player naval units were introduced with update [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"|1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]].
[[File:Navalunits DefensiveAAFire Midway.jpg|thumbnail|right|Defensive AA fire with timed fuzes.]]

__TOC__

===NPC Vessels===
There are eight main types of NPC naval units that one can encounter in-game:

====Landing Craft====
Landing Craft are relatively slow, very small, and have practically no armor. Their sole purpose is to land and launch tanks, armored cars, or AAA vehicles on maps such as Saipan, Top of the World, Pacific Hidden Base, Pearl Harbor, Jungle, and some other maps featuring coastlines. The sole advantages of a Landing Craft is that their minuscule size makes bombing difficult, and fighters that try to strafe them are often diving too quickly to have any effect. [[File:HMS Eagle (R05) flight deck at Gibraltar c1953.jpg|thumbnail|right|HMS Eagle flight deck with [[Attacker_FB_1|Supermarine Attackers]] at Gibraltar in 1953. ]]

====Patrol Boat====
Patrol Boats are often seen escorting Landing Craft, and, unlike their rather frail comrades, can withstand barrages of Machine Gun fire. They are most effectively dealt with by strafing with cannons, shooting them from the top, or bombing them from low altitude. Using heavy ordinance on these small craft can safely be considered a "waste," as they often are not close enough together to get multiple kills with one bomb.

====Destroyers====
Destroyers are large naval vessels designed to deal with many seaborne threats as well as those of the air. Their Anti-Aircraft Artillery fire can become withering in groups, so be careful when attempting to torpedo them. Destroyers have moderate armor, and are best dealt with by bombs from low altitude or dive bombers, or occasionally torpedoes. Rockets, excluding the Tiny Tim 298 mm rocket, have difficulty destroying destroyers, and may be unpredictable when used for said purpose. A destroyer can consistently resist bombs of up to 100 pounds.

====Light Cruisers====
Light Cruisers are also large naval vessels designed to deal with a myriad of targets. Their guns are larger and their armor is heavier than those/that (respectively) of a destroyer, and their flak output can be fierce even on their own, although, some of this hasn't been seen in-game except for a range buff to Light Cruisers. Again, they are dealt with best by bombs or torpedoes. Light Cruisers have been known to resist 100 pound bombs, and may even survive 250 pounders. Using heavy ordinance can ensure the destruction of the target, and hopefully victory for your team. Light Cruisers can be found at Tier II and up, on maps like Two Towns, Preparation for Military Operation on Hokkaido, Lonely Island, and others. Light Cruisers can also be seen in the "Jungle" map for Ground Forces, and can be destroyed with artillery (although they are mostly immune to all tank fire). [[File:OS2U returning to USS Massachusetts BB-59 1944.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[OS2U-3|OS2U]] returning to USS Massachusetts BB-59 in 1944]]

====Heavy Cruisers====
Heavy Cruisers have heavier guns and armor than Light Cruisers, but tend to be much slower. Usually seen at Tier III and up, and occasionally seen at Tier II, Heavy Cruisers have huge ranges (but little accuracy at distance) with their flak batteries. Often times, Heavy Cruisers can harass bomber pilots who fly over them at high altitude. Heavy Cruisers are best dealt with by using torpedoes or bombs. Heavy ordinance may be needed to eliminate a Heavy Cruiser, however, as they can shrug off most bombs at 250 pounds or below. Be warned also that 500 pound bombs may not destroy them in one strike.

====Battleships====
Battleships are rarely ever seen at or below Tier III, and have the largest guns and the heaviest armor, but tend to have leaner AAA armaments and be very slow. Battleships are best dealt with by heavy torpedoes, because they may be able to shrug off even direct hits from the 4000 pound "Cookie" bomb that the [[Wellington_Mk_III|Wellington]] can carry. Battleships are often escorted by Destroyers, Cruisers, Heavy Cruisers, and/or Light Cruisers, but don't seem to do much as NPC vessels, other than provoke rage from bombers trying to score kills. Battleships are practically immune to all rockets (excluding the Tiny Tim). At the time of this writing, the author had only ever seen and engaged battleships in one map, the Arcade version of Peleliu at Tier II, where he attempted and failed to destroy one several times with a 4,000lb "Cookie" Bomb, even though the bomb-following camera confirmed direct hits.

====Aircraft Carriers====
NPC Aircraft Carriers function as spawn points and bases in some Naval Maps, such as Saipan and Midway, and often have the health and damage-resistance seen by Airfields on the ground. Aircraft Carriers are best dealt with by heavy bombers bombing from medium to low altitude, as attempts at torpedo attacks may provoke vicious counter-attacks by enemy fighters that are spawning-in.

====Cargo Ships====
Cargo Ships are freighters that primarily serve as targets for torpedo bombers, dive bombers, and heavy bombers on maps such as Top of the World, Fjords, and Crater. They have some AAA, but it is often ineffective. Cargo ships are often located near the spawn points of their respective team, and some spawn in advantageous positions, such as behind a cliff in the Fjords map.

===Player Warships===
Player warships were introduced with [[update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]].


[[Category:Game mechanics]]

Grant I

2019-06-05T02:54:54Z

U24811726: /* Combat usage */ Grants in the far east.

{{Specs-Card|code=uk_mk1_grant}}
{{Notice|''This page is about the medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''. For the version in the American tree, see [[Grant I]]''}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_Grant I (Great Britain).jpg|420px|thumb|left]]
{{Break}}
The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a gift Rank {{Specs|rank}} British medium tank {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced during [[Update 1.61 "Road to Glory"]] in the [[Operation_S.U.M.M.E.R.|Operation S.U.M.M.E.R.]] event of 2016. It is identical to the American [[Grant I|Grant I]], which itself is nearly identical to the [[M3 Lee|M3 Lee]] with the difference being in the different turret design.

The Grant is most well recognized for its tall profile and two cannons. The suspension resembles that of the [[M4|M4 Sherman]], the only notable difference being the return rollers' positions. The hull front is also stepped into two plates, where the upper is closer to vertical. The large sponson on the right side (if you are inside it) carriers the main 75mm gun; note that with 2 crew, it is the operational gun. The 37mm gun is in a turret, mounted with a leftward offset. Its main notable difference from the M3 Lee is a redesigned turret.

Due to the presence of two cannons, this tank is an excellent multi-role vehicle. You can play it as a brawler combining the agile 37mm gun with the high damage of the 75mm gun, but don't get too close, in fact, the turreted gun has a bad depression and, combined with the high profile, tends to make close tanks difficult to hit. You can also play it as a tank destroyer using it from the second line. Note that you can assign a key to use only one of the two guns, with this method you can select as a primary weapon the 75mm gun, allowing you to aim directly from it (and not from the point of view of the 37mm gun) and use the bullet drop indicator in [[:Category:Game_modes|arcade battles]].

The multiple cannons allow for different combinations of attack. The 75mm gun possesses armour penetration on about the level of the 37mm gun; however, the damage upon penetration is extremely high provided that you use the M61 APCBC shell with HE filler. On the other hand, the 37mm gun allows for close quarters and longer-range fighting, where its high-velocity and effective shell make for good long range targeting while it is also the only cannon on the Grant that has a full 360-degree traverse.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Transmission area)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 38.1 mm (54°) ''Front Glacis'' 50.8 mm (15-55°) ''Transmission area'' 50.8 mm (30°) ''Driver port'' 38.1 mm (0-57°) ''Hull gun mount'' || 38.1 mm (0-22°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm ''Bottom'' || 38.1 mm (1-14°) ''Top'' 38.1 mm (15-53°) ''Bottom'' || 12.7 mm
|-
| Turret || 76.2 mm (1-57°) ''Turret front'' 38.1 mm (1-69°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 50.8 mm (7-45°) || 50.8 mm (1-35°) || 38.1 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 50.8 mm || 38.1 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick, bogies are 10 mm thick, and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Hull doors and vision ports are 38.1 mm thick.
* Turret ring is 50.8 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 27.9 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 43 (AB)
|-
|39 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|620
|763
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|354
|400
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|22.22
|27.35
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|12.69
|14.34
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|M5 (37 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M5 (37 mm)|37 mm M5]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 128 || -7°/+60° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 17.14 || 23.72 || __.__ || __.__ || 33.88
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 10.71 || 12.60 || 15.30 || 16.92 || 18.0
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| 3.77 || 3.33 || 3.07 || 2.90
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 78 || 76 || 65 || 54 || 44 || 37
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 78 || 76 || 65 || 54 || 44 || 37
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M74B1 || AP || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M51B1/B2 || APC || 883 || 0.87 || N/A || N/A || N/A || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_M3Lee.png|right|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the M3 Lee|300px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''128''' || 122 ''(+6)'' || 104 ''(+24)'' || 86 ''(+42)'' || 69 ''(+59)''|| 52 ''(+76)''|| 35 ''(+93)'' || 18 ''(+110)'' || 1 ''(+127)'' || Yes
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|M2 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[M2 (75 mm)|75 mm M2]]
|-
! colspan="6" | ''Hull mount''
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 65 || -9°/+20° || ±15° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert Qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace Qualif.
|-
| 6.50 || 5.75 || 5.30 || 5.00
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 0° Angle of Attack'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 84 || 81 || 72 || 62 || 53 || 45
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10 || 10
|-
| M62 shot || APCBC || 96 || 94 || 83 || 72 || 63 || 55
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| M72 shot || AP || 588 || 6.3 || N/A || N/A || N/A || -1° || 47° || 60° || 65°
|-
| M48 shell || HE || 448 || 6.3 || 0.4 || 0.5 || 666 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
| M62 shot || APCBC || 588 || 6.79 || 1.2 || 20 || 63.7 || +4° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Smoke characteristic
|-
! Ammunition
! Velocity in m/s
! Projectile Mass in kg
! ''Screen radius in m''
! ''Screen time in s''
! ''Screen hold time in s:''
! ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
|-
| M89 || 259 || 3 || 13 || 5 || 20 || 50
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''65''' || XX || 1 ''(+64)'' || Yes
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|M1919A4 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[M1919A4 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm M1919A4]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 4,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Different guns mean different styles of play. You can also play it as a tank destroyer, using its sponson gun to take shots at medium range and its 37mm to cover your flanks and make longer range snipe shots. You can also use it as an assault tank, quickly advancing on points while switching between the powerful 75mm gun and the faster-firing 37mm. In all game modes, you should assign the three gun profiles to different keys, this will allow you to aim using the sights of the three guns separately, allowing you to actually hit things at range with the 75mm gun.

Being at BR 2.7, you have a possibility of facing long-barrelled [[Pz.III J1|Pz.Kpfw. III]], and [[Pz.IV F2|Pz.Kpfw. IV]], as well as [[T-34 (1941)|T-34]]s, and (rarely) the [[Chi-Nu II]]. The ZiS-30 is also very deadly. Your 75mm gun can reliable penetrate all of these tanks at short range (save the T-34), whereas your 37mm will require some particular shot placement.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Ability to use two guns: a 37mm and a 75mm - which is very powerful at this rank.
* Fine frontal armour.
* Side mounted 75mm gives the ability for some unique tactics.
* Despite the tall profile, the "wedding cake" design of the turret has thick sloped armour, providing extra protection to make up for it's height.

'''Cons:'''

* Tall profile, big target.
* Side mounted gun - as much it is advantage, it is disadvantage too.
* Slow traverse speeds make it easy for a light or a particularly speedy medium tank to sneak around the sides.

== History ==

===Development===
After the development of the [[M2|M2 medium tank]], the Battle of France showed that such a tank was not going to be capable to go against the German [[Pz.III F|Panzer IIIs]] and [[Pz.IV F1|Panzer IVs]]. With the Western Allies now embroiled in the North African campaign against the Germans and Italians, the Allies needed a good tank capable of going against the Panzer tanks, and they needed it quickly.

The [[M3 Lee|'''M3 Lee''']] tank started from the basis of the M2 Medium Tank, using the chassis and the VVSS suspension system. It was to mount the 75 mm cannon, however it was discovered that the United States does not have a turret design that can mount the 75 mm gun. So as development on the turret proceeded, the 75 mm on the M3 Lee would be a sponson mounted. This design was tested on the M2 medium tank as the ''T5E2'', which was approved for the M3 Lee design. The M3 Lee featured a medium tank with two guns, the 75 mm on the hull sponson mount, and a 37 mm with a coaxial machine gun on a turret, a cupola on the turret had its own machine gun. The use of two gun mounts on a tank was similar to the German [[Nb.Fz.|Neubaufahrzeug]] and Soviet [[T-35]] tanks. The M3 Lee's 75 mm gun however presented a huge advantage over contemporary tank armaments, the 75 mm could fire high-explosive rounds for against infantry, yet could fire a shell with a high enough velocity for anti-tank purposes.

The M3 Lee's faults was the high profile and the sponson mount for its armament. The M3 Lee was 10 ft. 3 in. tall, a feet taller than the M2 medium tank. The 75 mm on a sponson mount meant that the main armament of the tank had a limited traverse compared to a rotatable turret and forced the tank to reveal much of its body in order to aim the gun at the enemy. The M3 Lee was also constructed out of rivets (which increased spalling) and had a smooth track design which reduced ground traction. Despite these disadvantages, the Allies happily accepted them as they were critically low on tanks, and German Colonel Hans von Luck considered them superior to the [[Pz.IV E|Panzer IV]]s.

The initial batch of M3 Lees were given to the British for their campaign at North Africa. The British experience with the M3 Lee pointed out most of the M3 Lee's flaws, but they were concerned with the lack of radio in the turret and a lacking in armour, with which they modified the M3 Lee to accommodate. The new design had a new cast turret with room for a radio, the hull had thicker armour, and the turret cupola's machine gun was removed for a simple hatch. The modified M3 Lee also required one less crew member due to the radio now being in the turret for the commander rather than for a radio operator. The British ordered 1,250 of these modified M3 medium tanks.

On August 1941, production started on the M3 Lee, though the armour was thicker than initials batches of the tank due to its combat experiences. A majority of these were completed at Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Of the total 6,258 M3s built between start up to the end of production in December 1942, 2,855 units went to the British and 1,386 went to the Soviet Union. Other users of the M3 Lee were the Australians and Indians in the Pacific Theater. The M3 Lee arriving in British arsenal caused confusion as the same "M3" designation was given to the [[M3 Stuart|M3 Light Tank]]. This set off the tradition of naming American tanks after generals, where the M3 medium tank earned the [[M3 Lee|''Lee'']] for the Americans ('''Grant''' for the British variant) and the M3 light tank earned the ''Stuart''.

===Combat usage===
Combat experience with the M3 Lee was complicated, but favorable. In Africa, the Lees and Grants in British and American service surprised the German forces when they could withstand the 50 mm KwK 38 L/42 gun and 75 mm KwK 37 L/24 howitzer armament on the Panzer IIIs and Panzer IVs. The M3 Lee proved reliable and adequate in armour protection. The Soviet's experience with the M3 Lee was less favorable, as their [[T-34 (1941)|T-34 tanks]] were much better in combat performance. The Soviets euphemistically called it a "grave for six men" and the Lee tanks were relegated to the secondary fronts or repurposed as armoured personnel carriers. In the Pacific, the M3 Lees were lent to the Australians and Indians, which proved vastly superior to the Japanese tanks in service. The only American use of the M3 Lee at the Pacific Theater was during the Battle of Makin Island.

The M3 Lee served fine as a stop gap solution for the American tank development. They performed very well on the combat field and proved very reliable. However, once a 75 mm turret was finally designed, the M3 Lee was redesigned to use it, and the resulting tank was the [[M4|M4 Sherman]], which will go on to replace the M3 tanks in the Allies as they are withdrawn from service. Even if it wasn't, the M3 was becoming obsolete due to newer German tanks being deployed, such as the [[Panther D|Panther]], [[Tiger_H1|Tiger I]], or improvement of of old chassis like [[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV Ausf. G]] and [[StuG III F|StuG III Ausf. F]]. Its obsolescence was a consequence of its own rather unique development and anachronistic design, limiting this medium tank's service life to a mere two years in Allied hands. However it lived on until the end of WW2 in the Far East, where it remained superior to Japanese tanks <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3_Lee# Burma Grants in Burma theater]</ref> and was ideal as infantry support, for which it had been designed. Approximately 1700 were transferred as soon as they were replaced in North Africa<ref>[https://fhsw.fandom.com/wiki/M3_Grant Transfers to Indian and Australian armies</ref>. It also continued in use after modifications such as tractor and recovery vehicles. The chassis and running gear were adapted by the Canadians to develop their [[M4A5|''Ram'' medium tank]].

===An anecdote===

::"The 75 (mm gun) is firing. The 37 (mm gun) is firing, but it is traversed round the wrong way. The Browning (machine gun) is jammed. I am saying ‘Driver advance’ on the A set and the driver, who can’t hear me, is reversing. And as I look over the top of the turret and see twelve enemy tanks fifty yards away, someone hands me a cheese sandwich.” —''British Lieutenant Ken Giles, tank commander of a M3 Grant''<ref name="GrantAnecdote">Bell, Chris. "Fury: All You Need to Know about Life in a Tank." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 24 Oct. 2014. Web. 12 Jan. 2017. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11167575/Fury-all-you-need-to-know-about-life-in-a-tank.html Website]</ref>

== Media ==

*[http://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?q=#Grant Skins and camouflages for the Grant Mk.I from live.warthunder.com.]

[[File:M3Lee + Grant.jpg|x300px|thumb|none|The [[M3 Lee]] → and M3 Grant in the North Africa Theater.]]

{{Youtube-gallery|5XbdErI74vQ|Bovington Tank Museum Tank Chats: M3 Grant}}

==Obtainable events==

* The Grant Mk I has only been available in [https://warthunder.com/en/news/4151-special-operation-s-u-m-m-e-r-updated-03-08-2016-en/ Operation S.U.M.M.E.R. of 2016] that lasted from 22 July to 22 August. It was unlocked after obtaining 18 tanker Marks of Distinction.

==References==
<references />

== See also ==


* [[M3 Lee]] - Standard American variant with the smaller turret.
* [[Grant I]] - The Grant I in the American tech tree.
* [[M3 Medium (USSR)]] - The M3 Lee in the USSR tech tree.

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''encyclopedia page on tank;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Britain medium tanks}}
{{Britain premium ground vehicles}}

B1 bis

2019-03-06T01:36:12Z

U24811726: /* Description */ more relevant definition of "bis" minor formatting change regarding "shot traps"

{{Specs-Card|code=fr_b1_bis}}

== Description ==

[[File:GarageImage_B1bis.jpg|420px|thumb|left]]

The '''Char de bataille B1 bis''' (Battle tank B1 "repeated") is a Rank II French heavy tank with a battle rating of 2.0 (AB/RB/SB). It was introduced in [[Update 1.75 "La Résistance"]]. With arguably the best armour at its BR, this tank is a beast in long-range engagements since it is hard to penetrate at distances. While not having the best armament, it should do the job taking care of these dangerous early SPGs and light tanks. The "bis" suffix is a French way of marking an improved version.

This tank's mobility won't allow you to position fast enough. Taking time is the only way to get where you want safely. Since this tank is pretty long and narrow, do not engage in cramped spaces since you will not be allowed to manoeuvre as you wish. You reverse speed won't allow you to retreat if things get bad around you, stay behind the frontlines, making good use of your armour.

In order to effectively use this tank's armour, there is a few things to consider. First of all, there ''a lot'' of shot traps, the main ones being the turret ring, the grille on the left side and the hull gun mount, in order to minimize your enemies' chance to hit these weak spots, stay away from them. Second, even if your armour is ''very strong'' for the BR, do not completely rely on it by sitting around in an open field: you will eventually get hit where it hurts. The third thing to consider is your small and thick turret: hide that big clumsy hull behind a hill and pop out only your hard "head", take a shot, fall back, reload, repeat. If something goes wrong (i.e. getting shot in the turret ring), there is usually enough men left to take the job left by their dead "camarade". Do not bother getting spotted: it is your job to stay in the enemies' sights while your lighter teammates do what they ought to. In some situations, it can even be used as a breakthrough tank, rely on your own experience to guess when it is time to do so.

With the same gun as most other Rank 2 French tanks, the B1 bis will never be recognized for having a fearsome armament: penetration rates are even lower than most reserve tanks while reload time is twice as long (a known feature of early French tanks). The turreted armament is only good at firing light targets such as SPGs and light tanks. Elevation and depression angles are ''amazing'' but turret slewing rate is a bit slow: this tank has been designed to be hull-down. As for the hull-mounted gun, it should only be used as a close range defence device, as it has poor penetration rates and high drop. Exposing your hull-mounted gun for long range engagements does not only makes you vulnerable, it is also mostly ineffective.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)'

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (7-62°) ''Front glacis'' 60 mm (32-48°) ''Lower glacis'' || 55 mm ''Center'' 55 + 55 mm ''Border'' 15 mm ''Engine grille'' || 25 mm (77°) ''Top'' 50 mm (1°) ''Center'' 55 mm (46°) ''Bottom'' || 25 mm
|-
| Turret || 56 mm (0-46°) ''Turret front'' 56 mm (1-85°) ''Gun mantlet'' 56 mm (0-49°) ''Machine gun cover''|| 56 mm (2-19°) || 56 mm (18-19°) 38.1 mm (18°) ''Turret hatch'' || 30 mm
|-
! Armour !! Sides !! Roof
|-
| Cupola || 48 mm || 30 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 15 mm thick while tracks are 20 mm thick.
* Turret ring armour is 25-40 mm thick.

Due to the extremely heavy frontal armor, one should try to use mobility to flank the B1. However, if that isn't possible, you'll want to try and hit the "mailslot" of the turret ring. It may be a tricky shot, but there's only ~40 mm of armor there. If left flank is exposed, the grille is only 15 mm thick and has a well-placed fuel tank right behind it, turning the B1 into a burning torch, ready to explode.

=== Mobility ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Mobility characteristic
|-
! Weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Add-on Armor weight (tons)
! colspan="1" | Max speed (km/h)
|-
| rowspan="2" | 32.0 || colspan="1" rowspan="2" | N/A || colspan="1" | 29.8 (AB)
|-
|28.0 (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine power (horsepower)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|396
|___
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|272
|___
|-
! colspan="3" | Power-to-weight ratio (hp/ton)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
!Stock
!Upgraded
|-
|''Arcade''
|12.37
|__.__
|-
|''Realistic/Simulator''
|8.50
|__.__
|-
|}

== Armaments ==
=== Main armament ===

{{main|SA35 L/17 (75 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[SA35 L/17 (75 mm)|75 mm SA35 L/17]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 74 || -20°/+25° || ±1° || N/A
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| __.__ || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Mle1910M || APHE || 57 || 55 || 52 || 47 || 44 || 37
|-
| Mle1915 || HE || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11 || 11
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Mle1910M || APHE || 500 || 6.4 || 1.2 || 25 || 90 || ° || 43° || 30° || 25°
|-
| Mle1915 || HE || 500 || 5.6 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 740 || +0° || 11° || 10° || 9°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
[[File:Ammoracks_B1bis.png|right|thumbnail|[[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] of the B1 Bis|350px]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |8th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |9th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |10th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |11th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |12th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |13th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |14th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |15th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''74''' || 68 ''(+6)'' || 64 ''(+10)'' || 62 ''(+12)'' || 60 ''(+14)'' || 56 ''(+18)'' || 53 ''(+21)'' || 38 ''(+36)'' || 36 ''(+38)'' || 25 ''(+49)'' || 23 ''(+51)'' || 21 ''(+53)'' || 14 ''(+60)'' || 9 ''(+65)'' || 3 ''(+71)'' || 1 ''(+73)'' || style="text-align:left" | no
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===

{{main|SA35 L/32 (47 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[SA35 L/32 (47 mm)|47 mm SA35 L/32]]
|-
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
! rowspan="1" | Stabilizer
|-
| colspan="3" | 50 || ±18° || ±180° || Vertical
|-
! colspan="6" | Turret rotation speed (°/s)
|-
! style="width:4em" |Mode
! style="width:4em" |Stock
! style="width:4em" |Upgraded
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert qualif.
! style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace qualif.
|-
| ''Arcade'' || 5.90 || 8.20 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
| ''Realistic'' || 5.90 || 7.00 || __.__ || __.__ || __.__
|-
! colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Stock
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Full crew
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Expert Qualif.
! colspan="1" style="width:4em" |Prior + Ace Qualif.
|-
| 9.80 || _.__ || _.__ || _.__
|-
|}

===== Ammunition =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="8" | Penetration statistics
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! colspan="6" | '''Penetration''' '''''in mm''''' '''@ 90°'''
|-
! 10m
! 100m
! 500m
! 1000m
! 1500m
! 2000m
|-
| Mle1935 || APC || 69 || 67 || 57 || 48 || 27 || 24
|-
| Mle1935 HE || HE || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="11" | Shell details
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="text" | Ammunition
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Type of warhead
! rowspan="2" |Velocity in m/s
! rowspan="2" |Projectile Mass in kg
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse delay''
''in m:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Fuse sensitivity''
''in mm:''
! rowspan="2" | ''Explosive Mass in g (TNT equivalent):''
! rowspan="2" | ''Normalization At 30° from horizontal:''
! colspan="3" | ''Ricochet:''
|-
! 0%
! 50%
! 100%
|-
| Mle1935 || APC || 660 || 1.6 || N/A || N/A || N/A || ° || 48° || 63° || 71°
|-
| Mle1935 HE || HE || 590 || 1.4 || 0.4 || 0.1 || 143 || +0° || 79° || 80° || 81°
|-
|}

===== [[Ammo racks|Ammo racks]] =====
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Full ammo
! class="wikitable unsortable" |1st rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |2nd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |3rd rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |4th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |5th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |6th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |7th rack empty
! class="wikitable unsortable" |Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 39 ''(+11)'' || 27 ''(+23)'' || 25 ''(+25)'' || 23 ''(+27)'' || 21 ''(+29)''|| 11 ''(+39)''|| 1 ''(+49)''|| style="text-align:left" | No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===

{{main|MAC 31 (7.5 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | [[MAC 31 (7.5 mm)|7.5 mm MAC 31]]
|-
! colspan="7" | ''Coaxial mount''
|-
! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="width:5em" |Capacity (Belt capacity)
! rowspan="1" | Fire rate (shots/minute)
! rowspan="1" | Vertical guidance
! rowspan="1" | Horizontal guidance
|-
| colspan="4" | 5,100 (150) || 1,350 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in the battles ==

The Char B1, upon playing it for the first time will be slow in both acceleration, max speed and turret rotation speed. the Hull gun is most likely the most frustrating gun to aim because of the limited firing arc it has. The best way to play the B1 bis is to hold down a position, preferably hull down (as its turret is thick and small, it will ricochet most shots it will take). Playing the B1 bis rightly, there is only 3 ways to get killed:

* Being outflanked by a light tank
* The enemy has been lucky enough to get a shot through a shot trap
* Meeting a ''dangerous'' gun (see [[B1 bis#Specific enemies worth noting|Specific enemies worth noting]])

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Overall good armour

:* Very heavy frontal armor for its rank.
:* Strong turret from the front
:* Good at sidescraping (thick sides)
:* Nearly impenetrable hull when angled
:* Armour is trolly in the driver's port area

* Decent firepower

:* One of the best in-game depression (-18°, turret gun)
:* Has 2 main armaments
:* A rare feature on French tanks: it has APHE ammunition.
:* MAC 31 coaxial MG
:* Turret gun has LOCK, which makes stop-and-shoot tactics effective.

'''Cons:'''

* Armour has many shot traps, easing the ask of killing it

:* Engine grille on left side is a 15 mm weak point, nullifies angling from this side.
:* Fuel tank behind the grille lights up very often when penetrated.
:* Large turret ring is weak (25-40 mm poorly sloped)
:* Hull gun mount is a weak spot and can be penetrated by most guns of the tier.
:* Crew is cramped
:* Turret rear is only 38 mm thick
:* Has a tall and "thin" cupola
:* Literally has an hallway full of ammo in the back

* Guns feel lacking

:* Lacking penetration from both of its guns
:* Abysmal traverse on 75 mm gun (~1° left to right)
:* Slow reload on both guns
:* Only stock ammo choices
:* APHE shell won't detonate when shooting at light targets (25 mm or less armour)
:* Hull gun is hard to master (not beginner-friendly)

* Mobility is subpar

:* Not very mobile due to weight.
:* Slow hull turning rate
:* Reverse speed is low (-3km/h)

== History ==

== Media ==
''An excellent addition to the article will be video guides, as well as screenshots from the game and photos.''

== Read also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example,''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

''ETC.''

== Sources ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{France heavy tanks}}