War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

SMS Helgoland

2024-07-06T19:08:34Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_battleship_helgoland
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the lead ship of the Helgoland-class battleships built for Kaiserliche Marine in early 1910s. Helgoland was laid down on 11th November 1908 and commissioned on 23rd August 1911. The Helgoland was intended to replace old coastal defence ship Siegfried in service and complement the older 283 mm armed Nassau-class. Helgoland took part in actions against Royal Navy during WWI, where it participated in shelling of British coast aswell as Battle of the Gulf of Riga in August 1915. Helgoland was also present during Battle of Jutland where she was lightly damaged by Barham or Valiant where the 15 inch shell hit and penetrated the main armoured belt which required drydocking. During the battle, Helgoland sunk destroyer HMS Fortune with her 15 cm secondary battery. In November 1918, the ship´s crew took part in the Wilhelmshaven mutiny, After the armistice, Helgoland was handed over to Allies as repatriation for ships sunk in Scapa Flow. She was handed over to British formally on 5th August 1920 and was scrapped at Morecambe on 3rd March 1921.

Helgoland was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]]. The Helgoland features 305 mm main armament as opposed to the previous Nassau-class 283 mm guns, offering bigger firepower. Due to the turret placement however, Helgoland is only able to fire four out of six turrets when utilizing full broadside. The Helgoland also have shell rooms placed along the waterline, making the hits penetrating main belt devastating to the ship. The rooms are protected by additional armour in form of the coal bunkers, offering temporary additional protection. The disadvantage of Helgoland also lies in tightly packed machinery, where all the engines are in single section next to each other, where shell hitting this area, completely immobilizes the ship.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

This Helgoland-class dreadnought comes with a thick side armoured belt of 300 mm, and other places being 90 to 170 mm thick. This can stop 356 mm HE rounds except at the higher sections of the bow and stern.

All 6 turrets have thick barbettes, which AP shells have to go through after the already thick side armour.

Ammunition is surrounded by coal bunkers, in addition to a turtle-back armour scheme.

In short: she is one of the toughest battleships in the game, as long as she faces fair opponents.

To survive longer, do not repair secondary battery. Doing so will remove crew from your armoured hull and put it in the vulnerable secondary turrets, for them to be killed again.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility}}

Being a dreadnought, it was all about armour and firepower. She will reach a little bit over 38 km/h maxed out.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|305 mm/50 SK L/50 (305 mm)}}

Her primary armament is somewhat lacking for her size. She has 6 turrets, but only 4 can fire at a broadside. 3 can fire most of the time and worst case scenario only 2 will fire.

Her turrets have each double 305 mm guns, this is somewhat lacking for long range fights.

{{:305 mm/50 SK L/50 (305 mm)/Ammunition|305 mm Spgr. L/3.8 Bdz, 305 mm Spgr. L/3.3 SAP, 305 mm Psgr. L/3.4}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|150 mm/45 SK L/45 (150 mm)|88 mm/45 casemate SK L/45 (88 mm)}}

While her primary armament is lacking, she makes it up with great secondaries.

She has fourteen 150 mm guns in casemates all around the ship, and fourteen 88 mm guns with fragmentation shells. Torpedo boats will not like getting close to you.

Even her 150 mm are a real threat to any destroyers, even light cruisers.

{{:150 mm/45 SK L/45 (150 mm)/Ammunition|150 mm Sprgr. L/4.1 Kz, 150 mm Sprgr. L/4.1 Bdz, 150 mm Psgr. L/3.7}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|G6c (500 mm)}}

She comes with fixed underwater torpedo tubes. Being an old ship, her torpedoes are not remotely good.

She carries a total of sixteen torpedoes, in several launchers: 1 forward, 1 rear, 2+2 per broadside.

Her torpedoes carry only 160 kg of TNT, which may not be enough to break through the torpedo bulges of other dreadnoughts and heavy cruisers. This means that several hits are needed.

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Massive firepower, primary and secondary
* Heavily armoured, making it hard to sink

'''Cons:'''

* Has no anti-air defences
* Is very slow
* 305 mm may have difficulties destroying other dreadnoughts from afar

== History ==

[[File:SMS Helgoland.jpg|thumb|SMS Helgoland, Circa 1911-1917.]]
SMS ''Helgoland'' was the lead ship of the ''Helgoland''-class of pre-WWI dreadnought battleships. Being an incremental improvement upon the preceding [[SMS Westfalen|''Nassau'']]-class battleships, they featured a more powerful 12-inch (305 mm) battery and improved propulsion system. Built in 1909, she saw service in World War 1; she served in the raid on Scarborough, Battle of Riga, and Battle of Jutland. After the war, ''Helgoland'' was handed to the United Kingdom as a war reparation; she was scrapped in 1924.<ref name=":0">World War 1 Co. (1998)</ref><ref name=":1">Military Factory. (2020)</ref>

=== Design and construction ===
The ''Helgoland''-class was of overall similar construction to the preceding ''Nassau''-class. They displaced 22,500 tons standard, and with 28,000 shaft horsepower, were capable of making 20 knots (37 km/h).<ref name=":0" /> The ''Helgoland'' featured a unique hexagonal main armament arrangement, similar to the ''Nassau''-class, but had a higher-calibre main battery of twelve 12-inch (305 mm) guns in six twin-turrets.<ref name=":0" /> The ''Helgoland'' also carried numerous 5.9-inch (150 mm) guns and 88 mm guns in casemate mountings.<ref name=":0" /> She later gained four 88 mm high-angle anti-aircraft weapons, but this is not reflected in the game. As a result, the 1911 ''Helgoland'' didn't have any anti-aircraft protection. Finally, the ''Helgoland'' carried six 50 cm torpedo tubes mounted underneath the waterline.<ref name=":0" />

The ''Helgoland'' was laid down in November of 1908, named after the Heligoland archipelago in the North Sea.<ref name=":1" /> She was launched in September of 1909. She was completed and commissioned on August 23rd 1911, after the completion of three years of construction.<ref name=":0" />

=== Operational history ===
The Helgoland entered service with the German 1st Battle Squadron, which formed the core of the German battleship strike force.<ref name=":1" /> She participated in some training exercises before the war, along with her sister ships. After the start of the First World War, Helgoland saw her first combat action at the Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby. Due to heavy fog, the British and German forces never directly engaged despite the fact that ''Helgoland'' was at one point just 10 nautical miles away from the British fleet. ''Helgoland'' later participated in the Battle of the Gulf of Riga, though she failed to see major combat action.

''Helgoland'' participated in the Battle of Jutland, where she was located at the centre of the German battleship line. As a result, she saw less action than ships at the front of the formation, such as the battleship ''Konig''. Despite this, ''Helgoland'' still fired 63 12-inch shells, and took a hit from a 15-inch shell that caused a moderate amount of flooding.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The battle of Jutland was a tactical victory for the German fleet, having lost less ships and men than the British. However, it was a strategic victory for the British as the German grand fleet would never set sail in large numbers again.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

''Helgoland'', along with her sister ships, were docked at Wilhelmshaven until the end of the war; she was supposed to participate in the suicidal German raid against the British fleet, in an attempt to secure better surrendering conditions.<ref name=":1" /> However, this failed as the sailors manning the ship mutinied.<ref name=":1" /> Thus, ''Helgoland'' was handed to the British as a war reparation, along with her three sister ships. She was eventually scrapped by 1924.<ref name=":1" />

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_battleship_helgoland Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|B1PfKRvLTVs|'''The Shooting Range #227''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


=== Refeences ===
;Citations
<references />

;Bibliography
* World War 1 Co. (1998). Helgoland Class Dreadnought Battleship. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from <nowiki>http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/battleship/sms-helgoland.html</nowiki>
* Military Factory. (2020, September 4). SMS Helgoland Dreadnought Battleship. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from <nowiki>https://www.militaryfactory.com/ships/detail.asp?ship_id=sms-helgoland-battleship-imperial-german-navy</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft}}
{{Germany battleships}}

Bf 110 C-7

2024-07-06T16:25:47Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = German strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Bf 110 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=bf-110c-4
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a German heavy fighter, developed in the late 1930s. The development started when RLM issued a request for new multipurpose fighter with long range and internal bomb bay. The specifications asked for twin-engined, all-metal monoplane armed with cannons and bomb bay, aswell as having three man crew. Henschel, Focke-Wulf and Bayerische Flugzeugwerke responded to the request. The Bf 110 prototype came victorious over the other companies prototypes as it was faster, had longer range and heavier armament. The Bf 110s then served as long range escort fighters where they saw success during Polish and French campaign. However they were heavily decimated during Battle of Britain when facing single engine Spitfires and Hurricanes. After this debacle, the Bf 110s moved to night fighter role equipped with radar or as ground attacker. The Bf 110 C was the first major production series, equipped with DB 601 engines, the C-7 was based on previous C-4/B, made into fighter-bomber by adding pair of ETC 500 bomb racks on the centreline and uprated DB601P engines

It has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. Originally modelled as the Bf 110 C-4, the vehicle was renamed and remodelled into the C-7 in [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]]. In-game it is ''one'' of the fastest aircraft at its battle rating. It packs incredible firepower with 4 x 7.92 mm MG 17s and 2 x 20 mm cannons with a copious 360 rounds all in a centreline mount, a hard-hitting package that will reach out and destroy aircraft from afar. Being a pure Boom & Zoom fighter, it is generally recommended to fire both guns when attacking enemies in order to maximize hit probability at close distances when making a high-speed pass.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,300 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 538 || 523 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.0 || 23.7 || 8.1 || 8.1 || rowspan="2" | 444
|-
! Upgraded
| 582 || 560 || 21.1 || 22.0 || 14.4 || 10.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 467 || 438 || 290 || ~15 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 350 || < 370 || > 715
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 3,800 m || 2,100 hp || 2,243 hp
|-
|}

====Engine performance====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine Name
! colspan="3" | Number present
|-
| colspan="3" | Daimler-Benz DB-601A 12-cylinder || colspan="1" | 2
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine characteristics
|-
! colspan="2" | Weight (each)
! colspan="1" | Type
! colspan="1" | Cooling
|-
| colspan="2" | 590 kg || Inline || Water
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Stock)
|-
! colspan="1" | Mode
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | 939 hp || colspan="2" | 1,009 hp
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | 929 hp || colspan="2" | 999 hp
|-
! colspan="4" | Engine power (Upgraded)
|-
! Mode
! colspan="2" | Max
! colspan="2" | Take-off
|-
| ''Arcade'' || colspan="2" | 1,096 hp || colspan="2" | 1,166 hp
|-
| ''Realistic/Simulator'' || colspan="2" | 1,010 hp || colspan="2" | 1,080 hp
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | WEP Duration
|-
! colspan="2" | Arcade
! colspan="2" | Realistic/Simulator
|-
| colspan="2" | 25 seconds || colspan="2" | Infinite
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 5.5 mm steel underneath pilot
* 6 mm steel underneath gunner
* 8.5 mm steel behind offensive 7.92 mm machine gun ammo
* 8.5 mm steel behind frontal 10.5 mm steel plate
* 8.5 mm steel behind pilot
* 8.5 mm steel on the sides of previously mentioned steel plate
* 8.5 mm steel in front of gunner
* 10.5 mm steel behind offensive 7.92 mm machine guns
* 10.5 mm steel behind pilot's head
* 58 mm bulletproof glass in front of pilot
* Self-sealing fuel tanks (2 in each wing)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

When you first purchase the {{PAGENAME}} make sure you research machine gun and cannon belts first; those are vital for success. Consider the "AP-T" belt for the machine gun and "Stealth" or "Air targets" for the cannon. It is excellent at ground attack as well with guns and bomb selection, but remember that outside of AB, you have no bombing sight.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MG FF/M (20 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm MG FF/M cannons, chin-mounted (180 rpg = 360 total)
* 4 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, nose-mounted (1,000 rpg = 4,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="11%" | 1 !! width="11%" | 2 !! width="11%" | 3 !! width="11%" | 4
| rowspan="7" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[SC50JA (50 kg)|50 kg SC50JA]] bombs
| 2 || 4* || 4 || 2
|-
! [[SC250JA (250 kg)|250 kg SC250JA]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[SC500K (500 kg)|500 kg SC500K]] bombs
| || 1* || 1 ||
|-
! [[SC1000L2 (1,000 kg)|1,000 kg SC1000L2]] bombs
| || || 1* ||
|-
! [[Flam C 250 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Flam C 500 incendiary]] bombs
| || 1* || 1 ||
|-
| colspan="6" | * Marked ordnance cannot be carried in conjunction with 1,000 kg bombs on hardpoint 3
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
* Without load
* 12 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (600 kg total)
* 2 x 250 kg SC250JA bombs (500 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg SC500K bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 1 x 1,000 kg SC1000L2 bomb (1,000 kg total)
* 2 x Flam C 250 incendiary bombs
* 2 x Flam C 500 incendiary bombs
{{Navigation-End}}

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|MG 15 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.92 mm MG 15 machine gun, dorsal turret (750 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Cockpits Bf110.jpg|thumbnail|right|Cockpit features great side & forward visibility despite the struts. Although the tail section is obscured by the armoured backrest, the gunner will function as a good warning indicator, sometimes.]]
What the {{PAGENAME}} cannot do is turn fight, and this is where a lot of players make a fatal mistake. Heavy fighters cannot manoeuvre like a single engine fighter, it has an unusually poor roll rate and loses energy fast, and can unexpectedly snap-roll: rudder control is critical. It is a pure "Boom & Zoom" fighter and like others of its ilk, live by 2 rules: "Speed is Life, Altitude is Life Insurance", and "Turn to engage (fire at), not follow". Manoeuvres that retain your energy are key, keep your speed and/or altitude up. The 110 really shines in bomber attack or bomber escort where you will have positional advantage and gun solution first.

When engaging a target only turn to shoot (less than 60-degree turn), the moment you realize you cannot get a firing solution to perform other manoeuvres to keep the advantage. For instance, if your target turns hard, pull up trading airspeed for altitude while watching what your target does. As you slow in climb you can turn tighter (even use flaps briefly) and position yourself for another intercept. If you find yourself under threat, an unloaded extension (slow pushover) can be employed to efficiently gain speed. The Bf 110 can dive very fast to rejoin friendlies if needed. A team with bomber smacking Zerstörers and manoeuvrable fighters will decimate the attacking force in Arcade Battles. If you pick up a tail, just remember to manoeuvre yourself to give your teammate the best chance to taking out your pursuer, and do not count on the gunner.

In tank RB, the Bf 110 C7 is a fantastic multipurpose plane, being able to carry various bombs, allowing it to perform both ground pounding and air superiority fighting. For ground pounding, the most recommended setup is 2 x 500 kg bombs with at least 1.5 second fuse. They are loaded on the fuselage and drop one by one, meaning that with accurate aiming, you can consistently get around 2 enemy targets easily. Dive at a target at no more than 45° (its elevator cannot effectively pitch the plane up in time, resulting in a crash. You must have seen lots of Bf 110s crashing) and gather speed up around 500 km/h (if too fast, cut throttle). Zoom in on the target and when it is twice as big as the mouse cursor, place the target between the cursor and the cockpit, and release the bomb. For the 1 x 250 kg + 1 x 1,000 kg setup, the aiming is similar, but place the target closer to the cursor for the 250 kg, and for the 1,000 kg, closer to the cockpit. Once all bombs are out, zoom climb towards your airfield to gain altitude advantage (the average air spawn altitude seems to be around 1,000 m) and keep and eye on the enemy air spawn. Once an enemy plane spawns, you must decide if it is single engined or twin engined as fast as possible. You can force a head on, as your nose mounted cannons are decently effective at this. If the opponent is single engined, avoid turning too much and remain your speed. If necessary, use your tail gun and put a stray of 7.92 mm bullets into it, but remember to use armoured targets belt to compensate for the small calibre. You can also target ground units, especially lightly armoured SPAA / light tank / SPG.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Yak-2 KABB]]: Do not think that the {{PAGENAME}} can confidently outmanoeuvre this plane just because it is twin-engined. The Yak-2 has an amazing turn rate for a heavy fighter, thus the {{PAGENAME}} must avoid turning with it, if not dogfighting with it in general. It bears a pair of ShVAK cannons that can easily damage vital parts like engine or cooling systems. It has green camouflage, greatly resembling an Me 410 but with an H-tail just like the Bf 110.

[[ZSD63]]: Though it is hard to identify specific SPAA vehicles on the ground (especially when they are shooting tracers at the plane), if a ZSD63 is identified, avoid it at all costs and do not attempt head-ons with it, ever. It can easily snap a wing off by causally putting a short burst in the {{PAGENAME}}'s flight path. Don't even get close to it unless it is occupied with another friendly or if the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with a bomb that it can use. Even ground target belts on your cannons cannot effectively damage it as its hull is overall quite empty, causing your shells to do little to no damage. Some identifying features of the ZSD63 is its rather boxy and tall hull with a geometric turret sitting at the back, slightly similar to a Wirbelwind's. The firing manner is also distinctive: the sound and green tracers are very rapid, much like a buzz saw, but then it will remain silent for half a minute reloading. Note that an experienced ZSD player will hold its fire or shoot in single salvos with long halts between, making it look like that it's reloading.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Heavy armament consisting of two cannons (MG FF/M) and four machine guns (MG 17s)
* Plenty of ammunition available for the armament, some RB matches you'll finish with over 1,000 rounds of machine gun ammunition left
* Very manoeuvrable for a strike aircraft
* Can carry quite a payload doubling as an attacker or intruder
* 500 kg payload is sufficient to damage and destroy bombing points and other targets
* Exceptionally heavy burst mass for its rank, with large amounts of Minengeschoß rounds
* Can turn quite well at high speeds
* Extremely deadly opponent at head-ons, never let this aircraft get a good deflection at you
* Sturdy airframe allows for surviving ramming attacks or executing one, though it is generally advised as a last resort
* Climbs generally well, though it cannot match single-engined fighters of its tier, excluding biplanes
* Tail gunner is hard to hit from a level flight of both the enemy aircraft and the defending aircraft

'''Cons:'''

* Slow acceleration
* Loses speed easily in turning manoeuvres
* Poor energy retention
* MGFF/M cannons have low muzzle velocity and curved trajectory, making them hard to aim
* Big target
* Only a single 7.92 mm machine gun as defensive armament with a limited cone of fire
* Elevator is prone to damage, may shear off when hit by cannon rounds
* Flight performance on one engine is very poor and struggles to maintain flight

== History ==

Named the "Zerstörer" ("Destroyer" in English), a very appropriate name for its mission, to destroy anything that is in front of it. In the early days of World War 2 the Bf 110 did very well in roaming wolfpacks, being superior to the opposition in the skies over Poland and France, but that changed drastically in the Battle of Britain. Mounting bomber losses resulted in the fateful decision to force the 110's to stay very close to bomber formations, losing position and speed advantages over the RAF fighters. Not surprisingly it resulted in a drastic increase in losses. Faced with faster fighters and more manoeuvrable like the Spitfire it was pulled from the front line, only to return in new roles like the "Jabo" fighter bomber and the "Nachtjäger" night fighter. The most successful role of the aircraft was performing night interdiction duties, where its task was to seek out and destroy enemy aircraft, most notably British bombers participating in night raids. In the "Nachtjäger" role, the plane was equipped with FuG 220 and FuG 202 Lichtenstein radar, optionally equipped with a "Schräge Musik" installation consisting of 2 X 20 mm MG FF/M cannons mounted at a 60 degree angle, and a third crew member seated behind the pilot to assist in the duties with spotting targets, as well as performing the duties of a radar operator.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Messerschmitt Bf 110 was a twin-engine Zerstörer (Destroyer, heavy fighter) used by the Luftwaffe in WWII. Due to poor performance in its intended role, it was quickly relegated to ground attack and night fighter roles.

The Bf 110 C was the first truly mass-produced variant of the 110, powered by the DB 601. The Bf 110 C-4 had improved crew protection. The Battle of Britain showed the Bf 110's fatal weakness which was its inability to dogfight with single-engine fighters. Moreover, while having a decent top speed compared to its main adversary, the Hawker Hurricane, the 110 had very poor acceleration.

Nevertheless, the 110 was a good long-range escort fighter, as it had no range limitations like the Bf 109 E. Working above the bombers, the 110 could successfully use hit-and-run tactics against attackers; they could dive at the enemy, fire their extremely powerful armament from a distance, and return to a higher altitude.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=bf-110c-4 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|tqln-0rZEOs|'''Bf 110 C-7 [Top Bruiser!]''' - ''Jengar''|AW9Gjrax8Zg|'''The Shooting Range #53''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:07 discusses the Bf 110.}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Bf 110 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/5560-development-messerschmitt-bf-110-model-updates-new-modifications-en|[Devblog] Messerschmitt Bf 110 model updates, new modifications]]
* [[wikipedia:Messerschmitt_Bf_110|[Wikipedia] Messerschmitt Bf 110]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/414726-bf-110-c7/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer BFW}}
{{Germany strike aircraft}}

Kleber

2024-07-06T15:44:26Z

U2126463:

{{Specs-Card
|code=fr_destroyer_desaix_class_kleber
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage {{PAGENAME}}.jpg|GarageImage {{PAGENAME}} (2).jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a French destroyer, initially laid down as Zerstörer 1934A-class Z6 Theodor Riedel on 18th July 1935 for Kriegsmarine, completed on 2nd July 1937, she served throught the war with Kriegsmarine, until being handed over to British as a war prize, who subsequently gave the ship to France. French renamed it to Kléber after general Jean-Baptiste Kléber. The ship underwent modernization in Cherbourg between 1948-1951. After the refit, she was assigned to 3rd Destroyer Division of the Meditteranean Fleet. In October 1953, she was transferred to Cherbourg and placed into reserve in December. Klebér was broken up in Rouen in 1958.

Kléber was introduced in [[Update "Alpha Strike"]]. The Kléber is very simmilar to her Type 1934A sisters found in German naval tree, with the exception of enhanced anti-aircraft weaponry due to the refit as Kléber features six 40mm Bofors cannons, one quadruple and two twin 20 mm cannon mounts aswell as two quadruple torpedo launchers amidship. Such setup provides Kléber with formidable medium to short range anti-air protection compared to her sister Z12 Erich Giese in German tree. As her sisters, Kléber is vulnerable to magazine detonation as the main gun magazines are located directly on the waterline, making any hit into said area lethal.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|12.8 cm/45 SK C/34 (128 mm)}}
''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:12.8 cm/45 SK C/34 (128 mm)/Ammunition|12.8 cm Sprgr. L/4.4 Kpf.Z, 12.8 cm Sprgr. L/4.4 Bd.Z, 12.8 cm Sprgr. L/4.4 Zt.Z}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)}}
''Some ships are fitted with weapons of various calibres. Secondary armaments are defined as weapons chosen with the control <code>Select secondary weapon</code>. Evaluate the secondary armaments and give advice on how to use them. Describe the ammunition available for the secondary armament. Provide recommendations on how to use them and which ammunition to choose. Remember that any anti-air armament, even heavy calibre weapons, belong in the next section. If there is no secondary armament, remove this section.''

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{:Bofors L/60 Mark 3 (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T, AP-T}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|2 cm/65 Flakvierling 38 (20 mm)|2 cm/65 Flakzwilling 38 (20 mm)}}
''An important part of the ship's armament responsible for air defence. Anti-aircraft armament is defined by the weapon chosen with the control <code>Select anti-aircraft weapons</code>. Talk about the ship's anti-air cannons and machine guns, the number of guns and their positions, their effective range, and about their overall effectiveness – including against surface targets. If there are no anti-aircraft armaments, remove this section.''

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|G7a (533 mm)}}
''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==

''Excellent additions to the article would be video guides, screenshots from the game, and photos.''

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

;Related development

* [[Type 1934A (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{ShipManufacturer DeSchiMAG}}
{{France destroyers}}

SMK

2024-07-05T18:22:19Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_smk
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Soviet prototype heavy tank, intended as replacement for the multiturreted T-35 tank. The SMK was named after Sergei Mironovich Kirov, communist party member assasinated in 1934. The SMK was designed by Josef Kotin in Leningrad Kirov Factory No.185 in 1939. SMK competed with another twin turreted tank, the T-100 from Bolshevik Plant No. 174 designed by N. Barykov. Kotin also designed and produced two single turret prototypes of the SMK known as KV (Kliment Voroshilov). Both KV, T-100 and the single SMK were sent to Finland for evaluation during the Winter War where they fought at the Battle of Summa. The long hull of SMK made turning in Finnish forests difficult and the SMK was immobilized by anti-tank mine, and had to be abandoned for two months before it could be recovered. The combat shown, that the KV tanks are much better solution for the future and therefor they were accepted into service instead.

The SMK was introduced in [[Update 1.45 "Steel Generals"]] as a GE premium. SMK is basically a KV-1 with slightly worse armour protection and additional turret and lenght. Unlike the all around 75 mm protection of the KV-1 (L-11), the SMK have thinner sides and rear,aswell as turret armour. The added lenght and weight also makes manoeuvering the tank in city very difficult and peeking corners near impossible without being shot through track wheel which leads to ammo detonation. The exposed neck of the main gun turret is also a big weakspot, aswell as the crew being overall very closely packed, meaning any hit can become fatal.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret fronts)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 75 mm (30°) ''Front plate'' 75 mm (76°) ''Front glacis'' 75 mm (48-74°)|| 60 mm || 55 mm (26-71°) ''Top'' 55 mm (9-63°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm
|-
| Main Turret || 60 mm (4-70°) ''Turret front'' 60 mm (3-56°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 60 mm (14-17°) || 60 mm (15-16°) || 30 mm
|-
| Secondary Turret || 60 mm (11-47°) ''Turret front'' 60 mm (4-59°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 60 mm (9-16°) || 60 mm (15°) || 30 mm
|-
| Cupola || 60 mm || 60 mm || 60 mm || 30 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 20 mm thick and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* Column elevating main turret is 60 mm thick with a range of 12-18° of slope.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,097|rbMinHp=752}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|L-11 (76 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L-11 (76 mm)|76 mm L-11]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 113 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+35° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.1 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0 || rowspan="2" | 8.19 || rowspan="2" | 7.25 || rowspan="2" | 6.68 || rowspan="2" | 6.30
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:L-11 (76 mm)/Ammunition|BR-350SP, OF-350M, Sh-354T, BR-350A (MD-5 fuze)}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''113''' || 108 ''(+5)''|| 102 ''(+11)''|| 90 ''(+23)'' || 78 ''(+35)'' || 1 ''(+112)'' || Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* The visual discrepancy concerns the number of shells in rack 5: 60 shells are modeled but it contains 77 shells.
* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* Turret rear empty: 102 (+11)

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|20-K (45 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[20-K (45 mm)|45 mm 20-K]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 300 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±135° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 12.1 || 16.8 || 20.4 || 22.6 || 24.0 || rowspan="2" | 3.8 || rowspan="2" | 3.3 || rowspan="2" | 3.1 || rowspan="2" | 2.9
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 8.9 || 10.5 || 12.8 || 14.1 || 15.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:20-K (45 mm)/Ammunition|O-243, BR-240SP, BR-240P, BR-240}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''300''' || 245 ''(+55)'' || Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* The visual discrepancy concerns the total number of 45 mm shells: only 56 shells are modeled but 300 shells can be taken into battle.
* Once the 56 modeled shells are depleted (either from shooting or from packing fewer shells), the rack disappears.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|DK (12.7 mm)|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DK (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm DK]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Turret rear || 600 (50) || 600 || -10°/+1° || ±15°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial with 45 mm || 1,890 (63) || 600 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


Confidently stand against most enemy tanks especially if they are without support, use caution against engaging multiple targets from a distance however as a track hit will end any day on the battlefield, the SMK packs its biggest punch up close and cannot expect to survive against sniping units if caught in the open. Keep the tank moving as much as possible and slightly angled facing enemies directly. When engaging heavies it's best to not go toe to toe; however by disabling a track or turret the SMK can hold up in close proximity to most heavy enemy tanks. HE and shrapnel shells are not this tanks forte, rather its APHE rounds usually due to the trick against most enemy units. The SMK can also fool enemies by shooting the 45 mm cannon, then letting the opponent peek out when they think that the cannon is reloading, and shoot them with the 76 mm cannon instead.

Attack and break enemy lines, The SMK is very much a tank worthy of entitling "Not one step back"! A fast load rate and dual turret firing system allow this tank multiple scores even when surrounded or disabled, and the sizeable crew enables quick repair, which is great as its size makes the SMK a juicy target that is more than capable of withstanding incredible amounts of damage. Great at providing weaker units cover and protection from enemy fire, the one-two punch of its cannons reward players that love using more aggressive playing styles.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Two turrets, two guns. A punchy 45 mm and a slow, but steady 76 mm
* Consistent armour all-round, effective against circling low rank tanks like [[Flakpanzer 38]]
* Outstanding Mobility for a heavy tank (15 hp/t)
* Can defend itself even when one gunner is injured thanks to the two turrets
* Very difficult to destroy in one hit thanks to the large interior

'''Cons:'''

* Gigantic size, very easy target
* The additional turret won't really help when being circled
* Armour isn't strong against tanks at the same BR like the [[Pz.IV (Family)|Pz.IV]]
* Somewhat unique playstyle which may need practice
* Big ammo rack in the second turret (cannot be removed)
* Bad reverse gear

== History ==

===Development===
The development of the '''SMK''' began after the [[T-35]] heavy tank flaws came to light. The T-35 was unreliable and expensive, so the project was made to replace it. The project was headed by former OKMO designer N. Barykov and started in 1937 at the Bolshevik Plant with a specification that the tank could withstand 45 mm hits from point-blank ranges and 75 mm artillery at 1,200 m. The design drawn up in 1938 was still a multi-turret design like the T-35, but the number of turrets was reduced to just two and a wide-track torsion-bar suspension was utilized instead of a spring suspension. The SMK was also redesigned to two different prototypes, the one with two turrets and the other with a single turret installed instead. These two designs were approved by Stalin and the single turret one was named after then Soviet Defense Commissar Kliment Voroshilov as the KV, the forerunner for the [[KV-1 (L-11)|KV-1 heavy tanks]].

The SMK design weighed 55 tons and had two turrets mounted with one in front of the other, with the one in the mid-hull area as the main turret and the one in front as the secondary turret. The main turret was mounted higher than the secondary and had the 76.2 mm L-11 gun mounted while the smaller one had a 45 mm 20-K gun mounted. The design was powered by a GAM-34BT engine that produces 850 hp for the vehicle. The tank suspension was a torsion-bar suspension for improved smoothness over other suspension designs. Armour on the front hull was 75 mm thick in the front and 60 mm on the sides.

===Testing===
As part of the heavy tank evaluations, the designs submitted for the project were to be battle-tested. The SMK, two KV-1, and two T-100 prototypes were sent to Finland during the Winter War and took part in the Battle of Summa. These vehicles formed the 91st Tank Battalion in the 20th Heavy Tank Brigade. The SMK, however, was immobilized by a Finnish anti-tank mine during combat and because of its heavy 55-ton weight, an attempt at recovering the vehicle failed and had to be left behind for two months before Soviet forces could break the Finnish defences to secure it. Before being recovered, the Finnish were able to document and photograph the SMK thoroughly. When German intelligence discovered the SMK, it was designated the ''T-35C'', which caused the misunderstanding that the T-35 also took part in the Winter War when it did not.

The failure of the SMK in the Winter War in contrast to the success of the KV-1 prototypes caused the KV-1 design to be accepted into service on December 19, 1939, as the Soviet's main heavy tank. The SMK thus never reached pass the development stage and was left with only one prototype produced.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The SMK heavy tank was designed and built at the Kirov Factory in Leningrad. In January, 1939 work began on building the tank itself, and the SMK's first test trip around the factory courtyard took place on April 30, 1939. After getting broken in at the factory, the tank was sent to testing grounds, where it underwent testing beginning on the night of July 31 and ending on August 1. Only one model was ever built. It was used in the Finnish War.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_smk Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|RyA5KcS2hAw|'''Multi-turreted Tanks''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:37 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [http://russian-tanks.com/heavy-soviet-tank-smk.php [Russian Tanks<nowiki>]</nowiki> Heavy Soviet Tank SMK]

{{TankManufacturer Kirov}}
{{USSR heavy tanks}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}

J7W1

2024-06-17T22:24:11Z

U2126463: /* Offensive armament */

{{Specs-Card
|code=j7w1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].

The J7W1 Shinden is a bomber interceptor designed to make quick work of raiding bomber aircraft. It has exceptional performance at altitude, more than exceptional armament and a decent climb rate. Double the weight of a fully loaded A6M, and definitely heaps faster to make up for it. This aircraft thrives with boom and zoom, and has a great energy retention at speed due to sleek aerodynamics. Inherently less stable than a normal tail plane thanks to a rear mounted engine push thrust configuration canard design, it is known for rapid pitch angle changes, great roll rate and less drag, by design. The flap system does not work in game currently however it enhances negative G two fold, at the cost of your speed. You also miss slats on canard wing, which furthermore hampers your agility. The aircraft is very prone to fires, a single hit to the fuel tanks will result in an inextinguishable flame that will for sure be your demise.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The J7W1 Shinden has a maximum speed of 892 km/h (558 mph/485 kt) IAS (this is Vne speed - the absolute maximum speed). In a dive from service ceiling, a speed of mach 0.9 has been recorded and is sustained until IAS speed limit is reached. The aircraft can handle a max load of 11G and compresses rudder, pitch and roll at extremely high IAS speed in order of descending effect.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
!Stock
| 723 || 703 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.5 || 32.2 || 15.3 || 15.3 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
!Upgraded
| 779 || 750 || 28.6 || 30.0 || 23.0 || 18.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~8 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 563 || < 560 || < 560 || > 314
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,400 m || 1,660 hp || 1,942 hp
|-
|}
[[File:J7W1 vario over altitude.png|thumb|]]
[[File:J7w1 power - altitude envelope.png|thumb]]

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 70 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 16 mm Steel plate in the nose, in front of ammo boxes and pilot

The J7W1 is protected by armour glass (70 mm) in front of pilot and steel armour plate (16 mm) in front of pilot in between guns. It is very prone to fires, and which are difficult to extinguish. Engine snipes are common, due to the position of the engine. Wing tip damage can increase the likelyhood of unrecoverable flat spins.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 5 navy (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 30 mm Type 5 navy cannons, nose-mounted (60 rpg = 240 total)

;Muzzle velocities

* Shells: HEF-T, PT, P: 770 m/s
* Shells: HEF-I, HEF: 770 m/s
* Tracer: 770 m/s
* All other belts: Mixed shell velocities, see above.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)
* 4 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (240 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==


The Shinden is a quick, pusher prop aircraft that excels in keeping its energy up after diving from a high altitude. It is able to climb up to a nice altitude above its opponents and strafe enemies either with a boom-and-zoom or hit-and-run strategy. The Shinden sports four excellent 30 mm guns mounted in the nose making it infamous for its head-on capabilities as they are easy to get on target but require a bit of aim control as the guns have low muzzle velocity, as long as you keep your speed high you will become a big threat to the enemy team. The Shinden is able to outrun a myriad of aircraft at its BR with some exceptions being the [[F8F-1B]] and the [[Spitfire F Mk XIVe]] as they have more powerful engines. Enemy bombers such as the [[B-17G-60-VE]] are optimal targets as your main weapons are able to quickly rip through the bombers armour, heavy fighters such as the [[F7F-1]] or the [[Hornet Mk.III]] are targets you may often see at your altitude and make for great prey as they are large and aren't as agile as single-engine fighters. As a Shinden pilot, it is unwise to let the enemy get onto your six o'clock as you aren't likely to shake them with your poor manoeuvrability and the Shinden's engine is mounted in the rear of the plane, meaning any enemy behind you can quickly take you out of the fight just with a few hits to the engine. Like a majority of the Japanese planes, the Shinden lacks any armour to reliable stop bullets from damaging it, however there is a piece of bulletproof glass in the front of the planes cockpit that is 70 mm thick as well as a 16 mm steel plate in the nose, making head-ons a reliable way to kill enemy aircraft as you do not have to worry about enemy bullets hitting your engine. It is highly recommended to avoid participating in dogfights in the Shinden as almost any single prop fighter at its BR will be able to outturn it so it's ideal to stick to energy fighting. The Shinden also has access to 60 kg bombs that can destroy lightly-armoured targets in mixed battles.

In Simulator Battles the Shinden is one of a few planes which gain the ability to preform a "Cobra" manoeuvre and also has the ability to throttle the fuel mixture throttle down enough to kill the engine and stop most engine fires and even some fuel tank fires that it is prone to receiving. Bring the Tracer Belt in most scenarios as all the other belts have practice rounds.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Pilot has some protection in the back from the engine
* Competitive high speed turn rate
* Good roll rate
* Amazing pitch response
* 4 x 30 mm cannons make for some great offensive firepower
* Great high speed, both, handling and dive
* Since the engine and propeller are located in the rear, it is not likely to take damage or catch fire from shots landing at its front

'''Cons:'''

* Slow sustained turn rate
* High speed rudder suffers some compression
* Pilot more exposed at the front.
* Since the engine is located in the rear, it is especially vulnerable to enemies behind it
* Shots to the front may damage its "tail" flaps
* Armament may detonate
* Fuel tanks are easily flammable and do not fully self-seal
* It's very likely that stalls will be fatal even with unscratched machine

== History ==

The J7W1 Shinden (震電, "Magnificent Lightning") was an Imperial Japanese fighter of WWII that was built near the end of the war in an attempted response to the American B-29 Superfortress bombers. The aircraft used a canard wing formation, (canard wing formation refers to how the main wings are mounted at the rear of the fuselage and smaller wings are placed at the front. Similar to the Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender.) Like the Ascender, the J7W1 was never put into mass-production and was abandoned while still in the prototype stage.<ref>"Kyushu J7W1 Shinden (Magnificent Lightning)." ''National Air and Space Museum'', 18 Apr. 2019, airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/kyushu-j7w1-shinden-magnificent-lightning.</ref>

Developed with the intention of intercepting heavy bombers, it was given 4 nose-mounted 30 mm cannons.

Development of the aircraft began in 1944, but shortages of manufacturing supplies continued to delay its development and testing and the first prototype wasn't completed until April 1945. The Navy placed high hopes in the new model and it was originally hoped that the Kyushu's Zasshonokuma factory and Nakajima's Handa plant would be able to produce over a thousand of the aircraft by 1947.

The prototype first flew on 3 August 1945 from Itazuke Air Base. The plane flew a total of three times, each time as a test flight before it was grounded permanently due to the Japanese surrender and end of the war.

Various parts of the Shinden survived the end of the war and its fuselage can be seen at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC.<ref>"Kyushu J7W1/2 'Shinden.'" ''Kyushu J7W1/2 - Shinden'', tanks45.tripod.com/Jets45/Histories/Shinden/Shinden.htm.</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=j7w1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

{{Skin-gallery
|market|J7W1 "The Shark"|J7W1 'The Shark'.jpg|Camo "J7W1 'The Shark'"
|market|ugcitem_1000623|J7W1 '418'.png|Camo "J7W1 '418' in training livery"
}}

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|INb9VjLxKf0|'''Most unusual aircraft''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:25 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|6Cyq6xsiD70|'''(Arcade): {{PAGENAME}} Shinden - Magnificent Lightning''' - ''tx141TX''|yYMCtg6qa40|'''War Thunder Sub's Choice Ep 39: {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''Jengar''|fphmndESyNU|'''The Shooting Range #60''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 07:06 discusses the J7W1.|ivvxWCdqgqs|'''Intercept the B-29・Phantom Fighter Shinden (J7W Interview)''' - EN Subtitles}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[XP-55]]
* [[J21 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4548-profile-j7w1-shinden-the-magnificent-lightning-en|[Profile] J7W1 Shinden - The magnificent lightning]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/202472-kyushu-j7w1/ [Forum<nowiki>]</nowiki> Aircraft Datasheet]
* [[wikipedia:Kyushu_J7W|[Wikipedia] Kyushu J7W]]

===References===
<references />

{{AirManufacturer Kyushu}}
{{Japan fighters}}

J7W1

2024-06-17T22:09:27Z

U2126463: /* Offensive armament */

{{Specs-Card
|code=j7w1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update 1.43]].

The J7W1 Shinden is a bomber interceptor designed to make quick work of raiding bomber aircraft. It has exceptional performance at altitude, more than exceptional armament and a decent climb rate. Double the weight of a fully loaded A6M, and definitely heaps faster to make up for it. This aircraft thrives with boom and zoom, and has a great energy retention at speed due to sleek aerodynamics. Inherently less stable than a normal tail plane thanks to a rear mounted engine push thrust configuration canard design, it is known for rapid pitch angle changes, great roll rate and less drag, by design. The flap system does not work in game currently however it enhances negative G two fold, at the cost of your speed. You also miss slats on canard wing, which furthermore hampers your agility. The aircraft is very prone to fires, a single hit to the fuel tanks will result in an inextinguishable flame that will for sure be your demise.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The J7W1 Shinden has a maximum speed of 892 km/h (558 mph/485 kt) IAS (this is Vne speed - the absolute maximum speed). In a dive from service ceiling, a speed of mach 0.9 has been recorded and is sustained until IAS speed limit is reached. The aircraft can handle a max load of 11G and compresses rudder, pitch and roll at extremely high IAS speed in order of descending effect.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (meters)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (meters/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (meters)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
!Stock
| 723 || 703 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.5 || 32.2 || 15.3 || 15.3 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
!Upgraded
| 779 || 750 || 28.6 || 30.0 || 23.0 || 18.6
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~8 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 563 || < 560 || < 560 || > 314
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,400 m || 1,660 hp || 1,942 hp
|-
|}
[[File:J7W1 vario over altitude.png|thumb|]]
[[File:J7w1 power - altitude envelope.png|thumb]]

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 70 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 16 mm Steel plate in the nose, in front of ammo boxes and pilot

The J7W1 is protected by armour glass (70 mm) in front of pilot and steel armour plate (16 mm) in front of pilot in between guns. It is very prone to fires, and which are difficult to extinguish. Engine snipes are common, due to the position of the engine. Wing tip damage can increase the likelyhood of unrecoverable flat spins.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 5 navy (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 30 mm Type 5 navy cannons, nose-mounted (60 rpg = 240 total)

;Muzzle velocities

* Shells: HEF-T, PT, P: 720 m/s
* Shells: HEF-I, HEF: 720 m/s
* Tracer: 720 m/s
* All other belts: Mixed shell velocities, see above.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)
* 4 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (240 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==


The Shinden is a quick, pusher prop aircraft that excels in keeping its energy up after diving from a high altitude. It is able to climb up to a nice altitude above its opponents and strafe enemies either with a boom-and-zoom or hit-and-run strategy. The Shinden sports four excellent 30 mm guns mounted in the nose making it infamous for its head-on capabilities as they are easy to get on target but require a bit of aim control as the guns have low muzzle velocity, as long as you keep your speed high you will become a big threat to the enemy team. The Shinden is able to outrun a myriad of aircraft at its BR with some exceptions being the [[F8F-1B]] and the [[Spitfire F Mk XIVe]] as they have more powerful engines. Enemy bombers such as the [[B-17G-60-VE]] are optimal targets as your main weapons are able to quickly rip through the bombers armour, heavy fighters such as the [[F7F-1]] or the [[Hornet Mk.III]] are targets you may often see at your altitude and make for great prey as they are large and aren't as agile as single-engine fighters. As a Shinden pilot, it is unwise to let the enemy get onto your six o'clock as you aren't likely to shake them with your poor manoeuvrability and the Shinden's engine is mounted in the rear of the plane, meaning any enemy behind you can quickly take you out of the fight just with a few hits to the engine. Like a majority of the Japanese planes, the Shinden lacks any armour to reliable stop bullets from damaging it, however there is a piece of bulletproof glass in the front of the planes cockpit that is 70 mm thick as well as a 16 mm steel plate in the nose, making head-ons a reliable way to kill enemy aircraft as you do not have to worry about enemy bullets hitting your engine. It is highly recommended to avoid participating in dogfights in the Shinden as almost any single prop fighter at its BR will be able to outturn it so it's ideal to stick to energy fighting. The Shinden also has access to 60 kg bombs that can destroy lightly-armoured targets in mixed battles.

In Simulator Battles the Shinden is one of a few planes which gain the ability to preform a "Cobra" manoeuvre and also has the ability to throttle the fuel mixture throttle down enough to kill the engine and stop most engine fires and even some fuel tank fires that it is prone to receiving. Bring the Tracer Belt in most scenarios as all the other belts have practice rounds.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Pilot has some protection in the back from the engine
* Competitive high speed turn rate
* Good roll rate
* Amazing pitch response
* 4 x 30 mm cannons make for some great offensive firepower
* Great high speed, both, handling and dive
* Since the engine and propeller are located in the rear, it is not likely to take damage or catch fire from shots landing at its front

'''Cons:'''

* Slow sustained turn rate
* High speed rudder suffers some compression
* Pilot more exposed at the front.
* Since the engine is located in the rear, it is especially vulnerable to enemies behind it
* Shots to the front may damage its "tail" flaps
* Armament may detonate
* Fuel tanks are easily flammable and do not fully self-seal
* It's very likely that stalls will be fatal even with unscratched machine

== History ==

The J7W1 Shinden (震電, "Magnificent Lightning") was an Imperial Japanese fighter of WWII that was built near the end of the war in an attempted response to the American B-29 Superfortress bombers. The aircraft used a canard wing formation, (canard wing formation refers to how the main wings are mounted at the rear of the fuselage and smaller wings are placed at the front. Similar to the Curtiss-Wright XP-55 Ascender.) Like the Ascender, the J7W1 was never put into mass-production and was abandoned while still in the prototype stage.<ref>"Kyushu J7W1 Shinden (Magnificent Lightning)." ''National Air and Space Museum'', 18 Apr. 2019, airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/kyushu-j7w1-shinden-magnificent-lightning.</ref>

Developed with the intention of intercepting heavy bombers, it was given 4 nose-mounted 30 mm cannons.

Development of the aircraft began in 1944, but shortages of manufacturing supplies continued to delay its development and testing and the first prototype wasn't completed until April 1945. The Navy placed high hopes in the new model and it was originally hoped that the Kyushu's Zasshonokuma factory and Nakajima's Handa plant would be able to produce over a thousand of the aircraft by 1947.

The prototype first flew on 3 August 1945 from Itazuke Air Base. The plane flew a total of three times, each time as a test flight before it was grounded permanently due to the Japanese surrender and end of the war.

Various parts of the Shinden survived the end of the war and its fuselage can be seen at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC.<ref>"Kyushu J7W1/2 'Shinden.'" ''Kyushu J7W1/2 - Shinden'', tanks45.tripod.com/Jets45/Histories/Shinden/Shinden.htm.</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=j7w1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

{{Skin-gallery
|market|J7W1 "The Shark"|J7W1 'The Shark'.jpg|Camo "J7W1 'The Shark'"
|market|ugcitem_1000623|J7W1 '418'.png|Camo "J7W1 '418' in training livery"
}}

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|INb9VjLxKf0|'''Most unusual aircraft''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:25 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|6Cyq6xsiD70|'''(Arcade): {{PAGENAME}} Shinden - Magnificent Lightning''' - ''tx141TX''|yYMCtg6qa40|'''War Thunder Sub's Choice Ep 39: {{PAGENAME}}''' - ''Jengar''|fphmndESyNU|'''The Shooting Range #60''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 07:06 discusses the J7W1.|ivvxWCdqgqs|'''Intercept the B-29・Phantom Fighter Shinden (J7W Interview)''' - EN Subtitles}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[XP-55]]
* [[J21 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4548-profile-j7w1-shinden-the-magnificent-lightning-en|[Profile] J7W1 Shinden - The magnificent lightning]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/202472-kyushu-j7w1/ [Forum<nowiki>]</nowiki> Aircraft Datasheet]
* [[wikipedia:Kyushu_J7W|[Wikipedia] Kyushu J7W]]

===References===
<references />

{{AirManufacturer Kyushu}}
{{Japan fighters}}

Pr. 206

2024-06-02T15:37:44Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Soviet motor torpedo gun boat '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the other versions
| link = Pr.206 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_pr_206
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (NATO reporting name: Sheshen-class) was a Soviet motor torpedo gun boat developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the Project 183 "Bolshevik" motor torpedo boats. The Project 206 was to be used near friendly coast in good weather and under air cover. The Pr. 206 was 34.7 m in length, 6,7 m beam and with draught between 1,46 to 1,5 m. The propulsion was made of three M-503A diesel engines producing 4000 hp each, with every engine having its own propeller shaft. The engines allowed the ship to reach maximum speed of 83 km/h. Primary armament consisted of two AK-230 CIWS at stern and bow aided by the MR-104 Rys track radar, the Shershen was also equipped with MR-102 Baklan search radar allowing searching for surface and air targets. Torpedo armament was composed of four 533 mm torpedo launchers with two tubes on each side of the hull. Adittionaly 12 BB-1 depth charges or 6 mines could be carried. 87 Shershens were made for Soviet Navy with 10 boats being made in Yugoslavia for the local navy. A total of 123 ships were manufactured with over 30 being exported to foreign operators. One of the most prominent users of the Shershen was East Germany Navy that operated 18 vessels until 1990, followed by 16 units operated by Vietnam and 14 by Yugoslavia.

The Project 206 was introduced during [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] when the Soviet fleet was implemented into the game. The Pr. 206 boats great manoeuvrability paired with above average speed aswell as very good torpedo armament. The 53-36 torpedoes found on the Shershen have very high speed of 93 km/h, paired with 8 km range with no torpedo mod equipped and 400 kg TNT Eq. warhead making them one of the most versatile torpedoes after the Japanese Type 93 Long Lance. Primary armament is also very strong due to the high fire rate of the rotary AK-230 cannons. The offensive power of the Pr.206 matches none other motor torpedo boat except some of the heavier armed frigates such as Köln or SKR-1.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The Pr. 206 has an inexistent armour which barely stops .50 cal. Crew count is not great as well as spacing. Overall, the survivability is really limited and lacklustre. However, the best survivability technique is to not even be fired at. Thanks to the ship's profile, it is able to perform agile manoeuvres and hide in places in which not every ship would look at, specially big ships like destroyers. A single salvo from a destroyer is more than enough to completely destroy the Pr. 206 so do not rely on the armour.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

Overall, the Pr. 206, while being a heavy patrol boat, has decent speed as well as decent agility. While it is not able to perform like other smaller patrol boats, it is able to perform better than any bigger ship, even the coastal frigates and fast attack crafts.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|AK-230 (30 mm)}}

The Pr. 206 is armed with 2 double-barrel turrets, the AK-230. These weapons have their pros and cons when it comes to facing ships and aircraft. While it is not able to destroy heavily armoured targets, it is able to decimate aircraft and lightly armoured targets within seconds because of their rate of fire. Due to having quadruple AK-230s, while having less rate of fire individually compared to the AK-630 (rate of fire is similar to the [[Falcon]] SPAA), it has a combined RPM of 4,000. Sadly, the only ammunition available is an HE/AP belt with an incendiary variant. As it only has a single AP round every 3 HE rounds, killing armoured targets will be tricky, but this is somewhat compensated by the RPM. The tremendous rotation speed (30°/s) make the turrets able to engage multiple targets one after each other with high speeds, they are also able to track and follow up even the fastest planes.

* '''30 mm HE belts:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF*|High-explosive fragmentation (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF*|High-explosive fragmentation (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF*|High-explosive fragmentation (self-destroying)}}
* '''30 mm HE-I belts:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEF-I*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary (self-destroying)}}

{{:AK-230 (30 mm)/Ammunition|HEF*, AP-T, HEF-I*}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|53-56 (533 mm)|BB-1 depth charge}}

The Pr. 206 is armed with 4 single-tube torpedo launchers with '''533 mm 53-56 torpedoes'''. These are your main weapon against heavily armoured threats or when doing sneak attacks at distance. They have a max range of 8 km (13 km with torpedo mode) and can be used at almost point-blank, the torpedo must travel 50 m at minimum to be armed (most of the time "point-blank" engagements will be between 100-500 m). Depending on the map, game mode and captain's discretion, torpedo depth can be adjusted in order to achieve multiple tasks. However, the launchers are fixed to the hull, meaning the hull has to be turned in order to launch the torpedoes.

'''1-meter depth''' - This is the most universal depth used for all types of engagements, being in deep water or at shallow waters. This depth is capable of hitting all sorts of vessels, including PT boats. The main downside is that enemy ships can see the water trail made by the torpedo, which can make enemy vessels evade or fire at the torpedo.

'''4-meter depth''' - This is the recommended depth when on deep water trying to do long range sneaky engagements to big ships (most of them have bulkheads more than 4 m under the waterline). This is one of the riskier techniques as there is no way to launch them on shallow waters (most shallow water maps have water depth of 2-3 m). Only the captain and the team will be able to see the torpedo symbol while traveling close to them, and it will not leave any visible water trail compared to the 1-meter depth torpedo.

The Pr. 206 has access to '''BB-1 depth charges''', but these are all but useless in the current state of the game.

Note: Near to the roll-off depth charge rack are 4 similar looking cylindrical objects in a side drop rack. These are actually MDSh smoke canisters (Морская дымовая шашка), which weigh 40-45 kg, have a diameter of 41 cm, and a length of 48 cm. There are 3 versions of the identical canister, BDSh-5, BDSh-15 or MDSh.

=== Radar ===
[[File:Pr. 206 radars.png|thumb|Red: MR-102 search radarBlue: MR-104 fire control radar]]
The Pr. 206 has access to the MR-102 air/surface search radar and MR-104 fire control radar (FCR). The MR-102 is located on top of the main mast. MR-104 are located at the back of the ship on top of the superstructure behind the main mast. Enemy pilots are often unaware of the presence of the radar as they are uncommon in-game, use surprise to your advantage. Radars can give you a huge advantage with situational awareness, as no plane will be able to catch you unsuspected. Be aware of radar interference (mountains, trees, tall structures in general) as they will affect both your search and tracking radar. There are blind spots with the radars which pilots can exploit, but most of them will not do so as radars are uncommon in battles. As previously stated, tracking radar can be used to manually engage targets. It is recommended to use tracking radar when engaging immediate threats and air targets in general, as it has no access to gunners.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="4" |MR-102 Baklan - Air/surface Search Radar
|-
!{{Annotation|Maximum Detection Range|The maximum possible range at which a target can be detected}}
!{{Annotation|Guaranteed Detection Range|The range, below which, detection of a target is practically guaranteed}}
!{{Annotation|Max Azimuth Scan Angle|How far to each side the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
!{{Annotation|Max Elevation Scan Angle|How far up and down the radar can scan (widest search mode)}}
|-
|50,000 m||10,000 m||±180°||0°/+75°
|-
! colspan="4" |MR-104 Rys - Fire Control Radar
|-
!{{Annotation|Maximum Tracking Range|The maximum range at which a target can be tracked}}
!{{Annotation|Minimum Tracking Range|The range below which targets cannot be tracked by the radar}}
!{{Annotation|Azimuth Tracking Angle|How far to each side the radar can track a target}}
!{{Annotation|Elevation Tracking Angle|How far up and down the radar can track a target}}
|-
|10,000 m||100 m||±155°||0°/+80°
|}

== Usage in battles ==

As a patrol boat with heavy firepower, it is able to dominate the steep waters of any match, not only because of the RPM but also because of the radar. However, the Pr. 206 should not be used as a frontline vessel, as every single vessel it will face will have more than enough firepower to destroy it in seconds. The torpedo can be formidable if used correctly, not only for the fact they are able to destroy whatever it hits, but also because they are hard to aim due to the distances the Pr. 206 has to navigate in order to get into a decent launch distance. The 30 mm should be used always to sink everything but heavily armoured ships. They are able to decimate light vessels in seconds, as well as planes. For this same reason, the Pr. 206 should be used as an anti-air flagship, as it is able to detect and engage enemy planes in a range of 130 km. Absolutely no aircraft will surprise it while the search radar is active. The Pr. 206, when used in Enduring Confrontation events, is the most reliable and "Jack-of-All-Trades" ship seen in-game. Not only because it is able to dominate the skies, but also because it is able to decimate enemy convoys within seconds with the firepower and torpedoes, specially if said convoys are unarmed cargo ships.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Access to radar
* Good firepower
* High speed turret rotation
* Reaches top speed within seconds

'''Cons:'''

* No armour whatsoever
* Small crew complement
* The 30 mm guns are quickly depleted
* Closed and tightly packed crew compartments

== History ==


The Pr. 206, NATO reporting name Shershen-Class, was a class of torpedo boats built for the Soviet navy during the 1960s. Designed as a replacement for the Pr. 183 class, the ships were fitted with considerable armament for their size. Many ships of the class were built for both Soviet and foreign service; some vessels remain in service with foreign navies to this day.

The Pr. 206 was designed as a replacement to the previous Pr. 183 "Bolshevik"-class with similar capabilities: the ships were designed to operate in coastal waters close to friendly naval and air units. The ships displaced 172 tons full-load and had a crew of 24; the armament consisted of two AK-230 gun mounts, guided by the ship's "Drum Tilt" radar, along with four 533 mm torpedo tubes capable of firing anti-shipping torpedoes with rudimentary homing ability. The Pr. 206s were usually fitted with a single quadruple 9M32 MANPAD (man-portable) surface-to-air missile mount for short range anti-air defence.

In total, 123 Pr. 206 boats were built, including 87 ships built for the Soviet Navy (between 1960 and 1970 at the Zelenodolsk and Yaroslavl shipyards, the rest being exported). As with many Soviet light vessel designs, the Pr. 206 was widely exported to countries including Angola, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Congo, Egypt, East Germany, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Vietnam, and Yugoslavia. Twelve additional boats of the Pr. 206E subclass, featuring simplified technologies, were exported to foreign navies. The Pr. 206 has now been retired from Russian service. However, some vessels remain in service with the Egyptian, Vietnamese, and North Korean navies.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_pr_206 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR boats}}

Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2

2024-05-28T11:09:21Z

U2126463: /* Usage in battles */

{{Specs-Card
|code=dh_110_sea_vixen
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

During the late 1940s, de Havilland Aircraft Company set out to create the ultimate naval aircraft for the Royal Navy. The requirements set forth by the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm dictated a reliable, high-speed, all-weather fleet defence strike fighter, armed with not only the latest developments in British air-to-air missile technology and a powerful radar, but also a respectable quantity of ground ordnance, including guided ordnance. De Havilland would set out to build the DH.110 prototype, which not only surpassed all expectations by being faster and more heavily armed than requested, but was also good enough to be submitted to the Royal Air Force for consideration in their upcoming interceptor selection. While initially the DH.110 fared very poorly, having the initial prototype disintegrate in the middle of an airshow and killing 31 people, almost directly causing it to lose out in both selections to the [[Sea Venom FAW 20|Sea Venom]] which was cheaper and more readily available for the Royal Navy, and the [[Javelin F.(A.W.) Mk.9|Javelin]] interceptor which was favoured more by the RAF. This did not stop de Havilland, who saw the potential in their fighter, from developing the DH.110 further under their own funds, and shortly after, returned to the RAF with a proposal for an updated version, which could accommodate the latest British missiles such as the Firestreak, and had its safety issues ironed out. The RAF would order 148 of the type, now called the "Sea Vixen", and they would enter service very shortly after in 1959. Despite the attempts at fixing the safety issues, the Sea Vixen remained one of the most dangerous aircraft to enter service with the RAF, with over a third of the Sea Vixens in service being lost in accidents. 30 of these (54% of the accidents) were fatal, and eventually, the Sea Vixen was relegated to peacekeeping and target tug roles, almost never seeing actual combat (with the exception of air-cover missions for RAF helicopters/ships in Tanganyika and the Persian Gulf).

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was introduced in [[Update "Red Skies"]]. While on the more expensive side of rank V premiums, the cost is justified as this aircraft is very good in most aspects against almost all aircraft it can face against. Most aircraft you face cannot keep up with you in a turn, and those that can, will be unable to catch you in a straight line. The main highlight of this aircraft is its versatility in both air and ground battles. In air battles, while limited by its weak roll rate and lack of ballistic ordnance such as cannons or guns, the Sea Vixen gets access to the [[Red Top]] air-to-air missile, which at its battle rating is strong against most targets it faces, with the exception of the A-4Es with flares. This aircraft also shines in mixed battles, with the ability to bring a decent selection of bombs, rockets, and the [[AGM-12B Bullpup|AGM-12B]] Bullpup guided missiles. All in all, the Sea Vixen proves not only a very versatile aircraft, but a good premium for grinding the respective ranks of the British aircraft tree.

== General info ==
[[File:Sea Vixen Wiki Image 5.jpg|thumb|Sea Vixen after using one of its [[Red Top]] AAMs.]]

=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 100 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 1,109 || 1,093 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.5 || 25.5 || 42.7 || 39.4 || rowspan="2" | 325
|-
! Upgraded
| 1,117 || 1,109 || 23.6 || 24.0 || 68.8 || 55.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 1,195  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 407 || 324 || ~9 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 685 || < 750 || < 440 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="2" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Rolls-Royce Avon Mk.208 || 2
| colspan="2" | 12,872 kg || colspan="2" | 291 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 26m fuel
|-
| 2,361 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 14,274 kg || 16,359 kg || 17,545 kg || 21,205 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 8m fuel || 20m fuel || 26m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 5,029 kgf || N/A
| 0.70 || 0.61 || 0.57 || 0.47
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 5,029 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.70 || 0.61 || 0.57 || 0.47
|-
|}

[[File:Sea Vixen Wiki Image 2.jpg|thumb|Sea Vixen flying on [[Frozen Pass (Ground Forces)|Frozen Pass]].]]

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The Sea Vixen FAW.2 has no armour plates but has bulletproof glass for the pilot. The engines are both mounted in the centre of the airframe, with fuel tanks mainly in the wings. The tail overall is fairly weak and can be blown off easily by large calibre cannons, however the flap on the rear of the elevator can sometimes absorb shots, protecting the main elevator from damage. Unfortunately the Sea Vixen generally handles poorly when damaged, performance is reduced fairly significantly by damage to the wings and asymmetric damage can make control very difficult.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="7%" | 1 !! width="7%" | 2 !! width="7%" | 3 !! width="7%" | 4 !! width="7%" | 5 !! width="7%" | 6
| rowspan="11" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_{{PAGENAME}}.png]]</div>
|-
! [[H.E. M.C. Mk.II (500 lb)|500 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.II]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[Mk.M2 (540 lb)|540 lb Mk.M2]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[H.E. M.C. Mk.13 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13]] bombs
| 1 || || || || || 1
|-
! [[AP Mk II]] rockets
| || 6 || 6 || 6 || 6 ||
|-
! [[RP]] rockets
| || 36 || 36 || 36 || 36 ||
|-
! [[RP-3]] rockets
| || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 ||
|-
! [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || 1
|-
! [[Firestreak]] missiles
| || 1* || 1* || 1* || 1* ||
|-
! [[Red Top]] missiles
| || 1* || 1* || 1* || 1* ||
|-
| colspan="7" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 700 kg
|-
| colspan="8" | * Firestreak and Red Top air-to-air missiles cannot be mixed, only one type may be carried across hardpoints
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
* 4 x Firestreak missiles
* 4 x Red Top missiles
* 4 x 500 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.II bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x 540 lb Mk.M2 bombs (2,160 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 16 x RP-3 rockets
* 24 x AP Mk II rockets
* 144 x RP rockets
* 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles
* 2 x 1,000 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.13 bombs + 4 x 540 lb Mk.M2 bombs (4,160 lb total)
* 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 4 x Firestreak missiles
* 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles + 144 x RP rockets
* 2 x Red Top missiles + 72 x RP rockets
* 2 x Red Top missiles + 2 x 500 lb H.E. M.C. Mk.II bombs + 2 x AGM-12B Bullpup missiles (1,000 lb total)
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:Sea Vixen Wiki Image 3.jpg|thumb|Sea Vixen launching a [[Firestreak]] AAM.]]
;Air Realistic battles
The '''Red Tops''' are generally much better missiles to equip, compared to the '''Firestreaks''', as they have the largest warhead of any air-to-air missile in the game and have a slightly better top speed (Mach 2.5). Because of this, the Sea Vixen's best tactic is to climb to one side at the start of the battle and attack enemy bombers. The Red Tops are very good for attacking from the side and this tactic is a good idea to avoid enemy tail gunners and will make the missile more likely to hit because of the Red Tops' poor range from the rear.

Alternatively, you can use the Red Tops in Boom-n-Zoom attacks on enemy fighters, who are not watching out for missiles or fighters, which have lost speed. The Red Tops are most useful when fired from the side between 1 to 2.5 km range. The Sea Vixen's manoeuvrability may tempt you to engage in dogfights, however, you should generally stick to boom-and-zoom tactics at least until there are only a few hostile aircraft left; The Sea Vixen's primary way of avoiding damage is its superior speed and engaging in dogfights gives a chance to hostiles to get a hit on you.

Remember to actively use your radar lock, the Sea Vixen's radar lock is superior to even some top-tier aircraft and allows you to get a missile lock without needing to have your aircraft's nose pointed at the target. It can also help you acquire a lock more easily on turning aircraft and it is generally good practice to radar lock any target you are going after.

;Enemies worth noting:
MiG-19s and F-104s in particular need to be looked out for as they are common and among the very few aircraft able to catch up to the Sea Vixen. In a downtier, A-4Es are the primary target that should be avoided, as they possess flares.

;Strategies for specific aircraft:
* [[F-104 (Family)|F-104 ''Starfighter'']]: In uptiers, the most common aircraft you will face is the F-104s. Unfortunately, you will see very few bombers in these cases, so you will most likely have to deal with them one way or another.
** Your ideal engagement is intercepting an F-104 that is diving on another target (or just cruising) from the sides, the Sea Vixen has great manoeuvrability and can easily get on an aircraft's tail. When you are on the tail of a F-104, quickly judge its speed, if it is going near your top speed, your desired missile launch range is within 1.5km; Red Tops have subpar burn time and cannot catch up if launched from any further.
** If the target F-104 tries to dogfight you, quickly check your surroundings, if there are no other hostile aircraft in sight, feel free to respond in kind. The Sea Vixen is far more manoeuvrable than the F-104, you have the upper hand.

* [[A-4 (Family)|A-4 ''Skyhawk'']]: The strategy against A-4s is generally just brute force. You can get on their tail and pressure them, you are both faster and more manoeuvrable so you can afford a protracted fight (given there are no other hostiles in the vicinity).
** The ideal situation is when the target A-4 is confident in its flares and is flying straight. In that case, you may get between 0.5 to 0.7 km of them, the close distance gives them very little time to react, and even if they do drop flares in time, good chances are that the flares won't have time to travel far enough from the A-4 and as such the missile will still damage them simply by exploding close to them.
** If the A-4 turns, use your radar lock to get a missile lock and launch the missile ahead of its turn. The missile will then be less likely to be fooled by flares as the flares will be too far back comparatively.

[[File:Sea Vixen Wiki Image 4.jpg|thumb|Sea Vixen after destroying a target with its [[AGM-12B Bullpup|AGM-12B]] Bullpup.]]

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very high top speed of over 1,100 km/h at sea level
* Good acceleration and climb rate thanks to its two powerful engines
* [[Red Top]] missiles can be very hard to dodge when used correctly
* Surprisingly manoeuvrable, despite the size
* Decent ground attack ordnance loadouts, including [[AGM-12B Bullpup]] air-to-ground missiles
* Can take-off and land from aircraft carriers
* The AI Mk.18 radar is better than that found on most aircraft you face

'''Cons:'''

* The Sea Vixen has no guns or cannons, relying entirely on missiles for air-to-air combat
** Only having four air-to-air missiles with no other air-to-air armament limits how many kills you can get without re-arming. Targets with flares can be very hard to kill as a result
** Having only missiles enforces a fairly high minimum engagement range on you (missiles require time to start tracking after launch, and arm their proximity fuse).
* Missiles are rear-aspect only so you cannot engage targets you are approaching head-on (or from the front aspect in general)
* Both [[Red Top]] and [[Firestreak]] missiles do not have great range when fired from directly behind a target
* Very large in size, can be easily hit by most enemies

== History ==

The de Havilland '''Sea Vixen''' is a British twin-boom, twin-engine carrier air-defence aircraft employed by the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm from the 1950s to 1970s.

The Royal Navy had interest in a carrier defence fighter after the Second World War, and issued a requirement for such an aircraft in 1946. De Havilland began producing an aircraft, the DH 110, to fulfill this requirement. However, the Fleet Air Arm decided to proceed with the Sea Venom instead as it was cheaper and available sooner. In spite of this, De Havilland continued work on the DH 110 independently, finishing the first prototype in September of 1951. This prototype exceeded expectations and could regularly attain supersonic speeds during test flights.

Tragedy soon struck when the DH 110 prototype disintegrated in midair during the Farnborough Airshow in 1952, resulting in the deaths of 31 people including the crew of two. As a result, the DH 110 underwent significant design changes to improve its structural stability, resulting in its maximum speed being reduced to Mach 0.91. This aircraft was offered to the Fleet Air Arm and replaced the previous Sea Venoms as the RN's primary air defence fighter. In February of 1955, 110 aircraft were ordered, with the name "Sea Vixen".

The Sea Vixen was built with an unconventional twin-boom design, which de Havilland had perfected through its design of the twin-boomed [[Vampire FB 5|Vampire]] and [[Venom FB.4|Venom]] fighters. The Sea Vixen was also the first British combat aircraft with no internal gun armament, relying entirely on its suspended ordnance. The FAW.1 variant was capable of carrying 4 Firestreak AAMs for fleet defence, while the FAW.2 variant could carry the more advanced Red Top missile. The aircraft had two Rolls-Royce Avon engines producing 33 kN of thrust each and a crew of two, with the pilot's canopy offset to the left and the radar operator's seat flush within the fuselage.

The first Sea Vixens entered service with frontline squadrons in 1959. The Sea Vixen failed to see any combat action during its short service, but served with the Fleet Air Arm in deployments off of Iraq, Tanganyika (part of modern-day Tanzania), Indonesia, and more. The aircraft were replaced by the more modern [[Phantom FG.1]], a British variant of the American F-4 Phantom II. The last Sea Vixens were retired from active duty in 1972; a total of 145 were built, though 55 had been lost to accidents.

===[[wt:en/news/7160-development-sea-vixen-faw-2-breaking-convention-en|Devblog]]===
[[File:Sea Vixen Wiki Image 1.jpg|thumb|Sea Vixen on HMS Ark Royal (R09).]]
Development of the Sea Vixen began in 1946 when de Havilland entered talks with the Admiralty on designing a future radar-equipped naval jet fighter with all-weather capability. Official requirements were drawn up in January 1947, by which time however de Havilland was already working on a design based on the preceding Vampire and Venom fighters designated DH 110.

Despite decreasing interest in the project by the late 1940's, in September 1951, the first prototype conducted its maiden flight. However, only a year later, the same prototype crashed during an air show, thus further impeding the project's progress. While the RAF abandoned the idea of purchasing the DH 110 by the mid 1950's, the FAA gained a renewed interest in the aircraft and placed an order for 110 machines to be built in February 1955. Along with the order, the DH 110 received its official designation 'Sea Vixen'.

As the Sea Vixen entered service with the FAA in 1959, de Havilland took note of the feedback gained from operational use of the aircraft and continued working on the Sea Vixen in an effort to improve its design. As a result, the Sea Vixen FAW.2 made its debut in 1962 which featured a number of improvements, of which one of the more notable ones was the ability to carry the Red Top air-to-air missiles. Over 140 Sea Vixens were built, most of which were converted over to the FAW.2 modification after its commissioning into service.

Although the British Sea Vixens never took part in any wars, they were still involved in a number of different combat operations primarily in Africa and the Middle East where they provided fire support for ground troops and flew patrols.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=dh_110_sea_vixen Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Camouflages
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2 Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:Sea Vixen Shark camo.png|The Sea Vixen "Shark" skin available for GE
File:XJ488 camo.png|Sea Vixen XJ488 RN test squadron camo
</gallery>

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2 Devblog Images" heights="150">
File:Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2 WTWallpaper 001.jpg|
File:Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2 WTWallpaper 002.jpg|
File:Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2 WTWallpaper 003.jpg|
File:Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2 WTWallpaper 004.jpg|
File:Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2 WTWallpaper 005.jpg|
File:Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2 WTWallpaper 006.jpg|
File:Sea Vixen F.A.W. Mk.2 WTWallpaper 007.jpg|
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|zn2uhgI2PPg|'''Best twin-boom aircraft''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 01:37 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|ObEcMPqFBbE|'''The Shooting Range #259''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:26 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


* [[Scimitar F Mk.1]]
* [[Buccaneer S.2]]
* [[Javelin F.(A.W.) Mk.9]]
* [[Sea Venom FAW 20]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7160-development-sea-vixen-faw-2-breaking-convention-en|[Development] Sea Vixen FAW.2: Breaking Convention]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/526082-dh-110-sea-vixen-faw-2/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer deHavilland}}
{{Britain jet aircraft}}
{{Britain premium aircraft}}

Ferdinand

2024-05-27T14:48:12Z

U2126463: /* Description */ resubmitting again after it got deleted by AleJefe

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_ferdinand
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|Sd.Kfz. Index:]] '''Sd.Kfz. 184''') was a German heavy tank destroyer. The developement of Ferdinand sparked from the competition between Porsche and Henschel regarding the Tiger heavy tank. Porsche thought his prototype would be chosen over the Henschel one, so he decided to produce approximately 100 chassis of the VK 45.01 that would later become the Tiger I. However, Henschel prototype was chosen instead, and it was decided to use the already manufactured Porsche hulls as a base of a heavy tank destroyer, armed with the newly developed Krupp PaK 43 8,8 cm gun. The Ferdinand was designed to supplement light tank destroyers such as Marder III in offensive role. Due to the petrol-electric transmission used, the conversion was quite simple with the engines moving into the space forward in the hull where turret was previously installed. Behind the engines, a casemate was made, housing the gun and four out of the six crew members. The engines had very high fuel consumption and the entire vehicle was plagued with reliability issues. However due to the very strong frontal armour, the Ferdinand had approximately 10:1 kill to loss ratio highest of all tank destroyers used in the war. 91 examples were made, and they all saw action on the Eastern front at the Battle of Kursk and also in Italy. Usage at Kursk shown that the Ferdinand was vulnerable to infantry attacks due to no secondary armament, which lead to modifying of the remaining 48 surviving vehicles. The upgraded vehicles were renamed to Elefant.

The Ferdinand was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41. The Ferdinand is armed with very powerful 8.8 cm cannon, allowing to destroy nearly any opponent at distance over 1 km, while the thick armour making the Ferdinand a very tough to penetrate from the front. However, the 200 mm frontal armour does not reach to the frontal turret cheeks which are only 80 mm thick. A hit into these will detonate the ammunition and cause fatal explosion. Due to its weight and size, Ferdinand is also not very mobile, it should be used as a sniper from behind ally tanks or to hold choke points as it can withstand direct frontal fire from majority of the enemies it sees in battles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof (Slope angle)
|-
| Hull || 100 + 100 mm (6°) ''Front plate'' 80 mm (85°), 100 + 100 mm (35°) ''Front glacis'' 80, 100 mm (38-39°) ''Lower glacis'' || 80 mm || 80 mm (7-43°) ''Top'' 80 mm (5-62°) ''Bottom'' || 20 mm ''Hull roof'' 80 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Superstructure || 200 mm (20°) ''Casemate front'' 60 + 80 + 200 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 85 mm (28-29°) || 80 mm (20°) || 30 mm (87°)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 25 mm thick and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* The hull roof is some part 20 mm thick in areas while it is 80 mm thick more in the center area.
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.
* Hull underside right above tracks are 25 mm thick.
* 30 mm RHA plates separate the engine compartment from the front and rear crew compartments.
* A 30 mm RHA plate separates the driver and assistant driver.

The Ferdinand's front armour is superb with 100 + 100 mm on the largest spots, the front hull and casemate structure. However, these armour plates are not very angled so if in possession of a gun able to penetrate 200+ mm, there's a high chance it will penetrate Ferdinand's front.

If not, there are certain weak points in the front that could be used. The first are the side cheeks on the front hull, next to the 200 mm cumulative plates. These are only 80 mm thick and is angled so that they are ~120 mm effectiveness from the front. The lower glacis is also another 80 mm that provides ~120 mm effectiveness at their angle. These two points are nice weak points for weaker guns and other 88 mm guns.

The vehicle's long profile on the sides make it a very enticing target from a long distance. So it is very possible to flank the tank destroyer from its position and hit the tall casemate structure. With all the ammunition and 4/6 of the crew in there, there's a very good chance of crippling Ferdinand's fighting capabilities or igniting one of the ammunition racks.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=888|rbMinHp=553}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PaK43 (88 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK43 (88 mm)|88 mm PaK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+14° || rowspan="2" | ±14° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 7.0 || 9.8 || 11.8 || 13.1 || 13.9 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.8 || 5.6 || 6.8 || 7.5 || 8.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:PaK43 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39/43, PzGr 40/43, Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || 27 ''(+11)'' || 15 ''(+23)'' || 8 ''(+30)'' || 1 ''(+37)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.

== Usage in battles ==


The Ferdinand's natural role is as a long-range sniper thanks to its excellent firing range and frontal armour of more than 200 mm. Due to the frontal armour, this tank destroyer should always face the enemy to make use of it. Even though the Ferdinand is a heavy tank destroyer, it can rapidly drive backwards, which allows it to reposition more quickly than Red Army TDs like the SU-152 and ISU-152.

In a team, the Ferdinand acts as a heavy sniper, taking out enemies from afar while being almost immune to any tank shells. However, don't get too close to front-lines, since an enemy tank could slip through and flank the Ferdinand, which would put it in real danger.

Another possibility is as a front line brawler once most of the enemies have been cleared out. While it is not recommended, with flanking support of allies, the Ferdinand can venture further into enemy lines and take out everything that comes your way, but still watching for light tanks that will try to exploit the limited gun traverse to hit from the sides.

The most dangerous enemies of the Ferdinand are medium tanks and light tanks which can slip behind the Ferdinand since the back armour is weak. The Ferdinand has bad manoeuvrability and turning around is very slow.

IS-2 heavy tanks are a real threat to Ferdinand, as well as TD's of the same rank when firing sideways. Always face your armour frontally and take cover when possible.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The armour is 200 mm thick on the front of the tank very few tanks can penetrate it
* Powerful 88 mm Pak gun with two loaders makes it able to destroy multiple targets in a short time
* Has the unique advantage of having its main gun mounted higher than other tank destroyers, can shoot over obstacles when others can't and can exploit tall hull-down positions
* Thanks to the transmission, Ferdinand can go backward as fast as it can go forward
* The transmission is rear-mounted, meaning a frontal penetration could still leave the tank in mobile condition
* Good natural steering
* Good optics for sniping
* 6 crew members make it difficult for opponents to knock it out
* Comes with a bicolour camouflage

'''Cons:'''

* The tank loses speed and momentum when turning
* The hull's thin cheek armour's effectiveness decreases when angling
* Lower glacis is vulnerable to enemy fire
* The front armour is not angled
* Slow due to its heavy weight
* Doesn't like hills and other obstacles
* Flat surface on top of tank underneath the gun is vulnerable if an enemy is above you
* Less effective in urban combat maps (easily outflanked)

== History ==

===Development===
During the program to create what will end up being the [[Tiger I (Family)|Tiger I]] tanks, Henschel and Porsche competed against each other for the contract to build the tanks. Porsche further developed their pre-existing 45-ton prototype, the [[VK 45.01 (P)]], while Henschel adapted their 36 ton prototype (VK 3601 H) to create the VK 4501 H. Henschel won the contract, but Porsche was extremely confident that their design would win that around 100 of the VK 4501 P chassis were already constructed. Since the design lost, it was determined to use the chassis for the basis of a new vehicle, namely a tank destroyer to mount the new and formidable [[PaK 43 (88 mm)|88 mm PaK 43 anti-tank gun]]. These new tank destroyers were then called the Ferdinand, after its designer Ferdinand Porsche.

The Ferdinand was a formidable tank destroyer design. Changes from the original VK 4501 P chassis was the movement of the engine towards the centre rather than the rear. The armour bolted onto the front plate gave the Ferdinand an armour thickness of 200 mm. Plus, with the 88 mm Pak 43 on a fixed casemate design, it could knock out any allied tanks before they could enter effective ranges against the Ferdinand. 91 of the VK 4501 P chassis were converted into the Ferdinand. The design was not without its flaw though, mostly concerned with the heavy weight of 65 tons and an unreliable engine with the gasoline-electric drive system. Two Maybach 12 cylinder HL120 TRM engines with 265 hp constant power output drove 2 generators which powered 2 Siemens-Schuckert electric motors with 230 kW power output. This resulted in a top speed of only 20 km/h and a very low operational range of only 150 km. Other lesser drawbacks were the lack of all-around vision ports and machine guns, which would be later addressed due to combat experience. Nevertheless, the engine and weight drawbacks would plague the Ferdinand design throughout its service life.

===Combat usage===
The Ferdinand's combat debut was in the Battle of Kursk, with 89 vehicles available. The Ferdinand was optimized for destroying Soviet tanks at long ranges (over 3 miles or 5 km) with its 88 mm PaK 43/2 L/71 gun. The Ferdinand's flaws came to light during their movement; after advancing through Soviet defence lines, the Soviet infantry quickly recognized that it lacked peripheral vision blocks, a rotating turret (like most World War II tank destroyers for Germany) and the Ferdinand didn't even have a machine gun for anti-infantry purposes. Soviet infantry could hide in their trenches until the Ferdinand advanced the lines, then take out the vehicle with grenades and Molotov cocktails. Heinz Guderian remarked that Ferdinand's anti-infantry capabilities were essential "quail shooting with cannons".

Though the Ferdinand has great armour and firepower, most of the knocked out Ferdinands were due to anti-tank mines and mechanical failure. Damages to tracks forced the tank crew to exit the vehicle and repair it, and the 65-ton weight of the vehicle made armour recovery a nightmarish job, requiring five Bergepanzer IV ([[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV]] armour recovery vehicle) to tow one from the front lines. More Ferdinands were destroyed by their own crew to prevent capture than to combat losses due to the inability to easily recover these vehicles in a defensive war where German territory is gradually lost to the Soviets. Despite these drawbacks, the Ferdinands were much feared among the Soviet tankers, as the Ferdinand produced horrific losses among the Soviet armour corps. During the Battle of Kursk, the 653rd Heavy Tank Battalion claimed to have knocked out 320 enemy tanks, with the loss of 13 Ferdinands.

After Kursk, all surviving Ferdinands were recalled in September 1943 to be modified, which fixed most of the previous flaws. 48 of the 50 survivors were modified with a hull-mounted machine gun, a commander's cupola, and anti-magnetic Zimmerit paste to counter Soviet magnetic mines. The armour and track width of the vehicle was also enlarged and brought Ferdinand's 65 tons weight up to 70 tons. These modified vehicles are designated the [[Elefant]]. One of the Ferdinands unable to be converted to an Elefant due to battle damages began to be converted into a Rammpanzer Tiger or Rammtiger which was to be a breakthrough vehicle, though there is no evidence that it was completed or saw service. The Elefants then served in the Italian front against the Western Allies, but its heavyweight impeded its mobility on the rough terrain and the use of bridges and roads. After Italy, the Elefants didn't see much use due to the low quantity. One company of Elefants saw action during the Soviet's January 1945 Vistula-Oder offensive in Poland, and the last few surviving vehicles were in combat at Zossen during the Battle of Berlin. The Ferdinand may have been the most successful tank destroyer employed during the entire war in terms of claimed kills per loss, reaching an average ratio of approximately 10:1. This ratio could be given thanks to the armour and firepower of the tank destroyer, but in terms of operational capabilities the poor mobility, mechanical unreliability, and low quantity of these vehicles meant it had little impact in the overall strategic effect in the war.

===Survivors===
Today, two of these tank destroyers are left in intact conditions today. One Ferdinand was captured by the Soviets at Kursk and is now in display at the Kubinka Tank Museum. Another one, an Elefant, was captured by the Americans at Anzio, Italy. It was displayed at the US Army Ordnance Museum at Fort Lee, Virginia for many years and was restored to display condition in 2007. Currently, it is being loaned to the Bovington Tank Museum and is in the new exhibit "Tiger Collection".<ref name="FerdinandTankMuseum">The Tank Museum. "THE TIGER COLLECTION – THE TANKS, THE TERROR & THE TRUTH." Tank Museum. N.p., 02 Nov. 2016. Web. 04 Nov. 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224112/https://www.tankmuseum.org//year-news/bovnews53673 Web Archive].</ref>

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Ferdinand self-propelled artillery gun was developed in 1942 to 1943 from the experimental VK 4501 (P) tank, which was developed by Porsche but never entered military service. In 1943, the company Alkett built 90 of these guns.

The gun's layout was quite unusual, with the crew compartment placed at the rear of the spacious cabin. The driver and radio operator were located in the front part of the cabin, and a direct connection between this compartment and the crew compartment was impossible due to heat-resistant metal partitions installed between the two compartments, where the engine and other equipment were located.

The Ferdinand was equipped with an 88 mm rifled 8,8 cm Stuk 43 gun with a long 71 caliber barrel. This gun was specially adapted to be mounted on the PaK 43 self-propelled anti-tank gun. The gun had excellent ballistics and at the time of its release was the strongest weapon available for tanks and self-propelled guns. Even until the end of the war, it could easily hit all types of armored vehicles. The vehicle's frontal armor had a thickness of 200 mm. Its total weight was 68 tons.

The self-propelled gun saw its first combat operation at the Kursk Bulge, as a part of the 653rd and 654th tank destroyer divisions. From July to November 1943, these divisions destroyed 582 Soviet tanks, losing 43 of their own vehicles in the process.

Serious shortcomings of this tank destroyed included its lack of machine guns for defense against infantry attacks, low speed and maneuverability, and low maximum range.

However, the German military valued the controllability and survivability of the vehicle's engine and transmission. A suspension with longitudinal torsion bars was much easier to maintain and repair when compared to a staggered torsion bar suspension, but it was very difficult to manufacture and less reliable in the field.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_ferdinand Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|5E2X7q_tIgM|'''The Shooting Range #306''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:52 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|ExA9b4wexHE|'''The Shooting Range #249''' - ''Round Study'' section at 09:02 discusses how to penetrate the {{PAGENAME}}.|xF4-TcnyWw0|'''Best tank destroyers''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:53 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|FOAlC7KNfEc|'''Ferdinand: The Bastard Tiger''' - ''Military History Visualized''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/2769--en|[Historical] Paper Giants - the heavy tanks of Ferdinand Porsche]]
* [[wt:en/news/814--en|[Special] Ferdinand Porsche and his Tank Destroyer]]
* [[Wikipedia:Elefant|[Wikipedia] Elefant]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

Tempest Mk II

2024-05-25T01:11:45Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tempest (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tempest_mk2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British fighter developed alongside the Tempest Mk V during WWII after cancellation of Hawker Tornado. Unlike thw Tempest Mk V, the Mk II was powered with radial Bristol Centaurus 18 cylinder radial engine. The engine installation, cowling and exhausts were inspired by captured Fw 190. The first Centaurus powered Tempest II flew on 28th June 1943, the first prototype was using rudder and tail fin of a Typhoon. The second prototype flew on 18th September 1943, and featured the enlarged rudder and tail used on Tempest. The prototypes experienced issues with engine vibrations which were fixed with different engine mountings and the plane also experienced overheating and some other issues. Due to this, aswell as decision to tropicalize all the planes for service in South-East Asia the production was delayed. In September 1942, order was placed for 500 Tempest IIs to be built by Gloster, but in 1943 priority to Typhoon was given and the contract was give to Bristol instead and Hawker was to build another 1800. The first production Tempest II rolled off the line on 4th October 1944. As the war was nearing the end, only 50 Tempests were built by Bristol with 402 built by Hawker. A total of 100 were built as fighters and 302 were built as fighter bomber versions with reinforced wings and wing bomb racks capable of carrying up to 1000 kg. The Tempest II was intended for combat against Japan, however the war ended before they were deployed.

The Tempest Mk II has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. The Tempest Mk II is faster than the Mk V, however the engine performance drops significantly above 4000 m. The Mk II is best utilized for Boom and Zoom tactics, as the plane itself is not very manoeuvrable in horizontal, however the superior acceleration and dive speed could be utilized to either escape or regain energy again.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Tempest Mk II is the last propeller-driven aircraft in the Hawker line and is a fitting send-off. With its sleek airframe, extremely powerful Centaurus engine and heavy weight, it holds one of the highest top speeds of any traditional prop aircraft in the game and acceleration to match. However, it only keeps these advantages below 3,000 m, as above that the engine will asphyxiate and you will notice a drastic decrease in performance.

Boom & Zoom is this aircraft's forté, and is the main way you should fly it. It can easily abuse its brutal speed and acceleration combined with the amazing dive speed and powerful weaponry to blitz any aircraft that it sets its sights on. On the flip side, the heavy weight means it fares very poorly in manoeuvre fights as most propeller aircraft (and some jet-powered ones) will easily turn circles around it.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,658 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 668 || 653 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 22.4 || 23.2 || 17.2 || 17.2 || rowspan="2" | 452
|-
! Upgraded
| 821 || 723 || 20.1 || 21.0 || 36.8 || 23.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 412 || 389 || 270 || ~14 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 440 || < 430 || < 530 || > 337
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 950 m || 2,300 hp || 2,829 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,330 m || 1,950 hp || 2,398 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 16.9 mm Steel - Armour plate behind pilot's seat and headrest
* 44.5 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.V cannons, wing-mounted (156 rpg outer + 162 rpg inner = 636 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I (1,000 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb M.C. 1,000 lb Mk.I bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

The main tactic for the Tempest II is high-speed combat. With a weight of over 5,000 kg, and a peak WEP power of 2,500 hp it can accelerate very fast in a dive. This means that less altitude is traded for the same gain in speed compared to other props.

The second main benefit from the extra weight is that the plane can hold the speed gained from a dive for a long time. Additionally, the plane has a very sleek airframe, which means that its top speed is one of the highest of any prop in the game. Considering this data, the plane should be flown in high-speed shallow manoeuvres.

Against jets, the tactics are reversed. Jets are faster and heavier, thus shallow angles should be avoided. Steep angle energy fighting and turn fighting should be applied.
Few exceptions against jets should be made. The Ho 229 will out turn the Tempest II, but upwards spirals at high speed are an effective way to burn away the 229's energy and they are easily trapped.

The second exception is the Meteor F Mk.3. This plane outperforms or is on par in every aspect except for, hilariously enough, top speed on the deck.

The third and last are the Yak-15/17. They turn better, but their diving speed is a lot lower than the Tempest II's.

'''''Versus the Tempest''''':

There's not much one can do while a Tempest II is diving on your aircraft, as it'll blitz you before you know it and will be gone just as fast. Most smart Tempest pilots stay around 2,500-3,500 m so they can keep their engine performance and have the ability to abuse their dive speed. If you are able to catch a Tempest mid-turn or if it's unaware of your presence, it becomes significantly easier to take down considering most aircraft at the tier can turn circles around it. Try to catch them in a manoeuvre trap and force them to bleed their speed for an easy kill.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Strong engine providing excellent performance below 3,000 m (9,840 ft)
* Excellent climb rate and acceleration up to 3,500 m
* Dives very well (low parasitic drag)
* Reasonably decent roll rate
* Very agile at moderate speeds
* Very high speed in level flight for a propeller-driven aircraft: can maintain a speed of 670 km/h at sea level
* Solid firepower
* Can land on carriers if absolutely necessary

'''Cons:'''

* Poor performance at high altitudes
* Often gets matches with early rank 5 aircraft (early jets)
* Sub-par turning radius
* Difficult to aim at high speed
* Doesn't climb as well as its German or Italian counterparts

== History ==

[[File:Pakistani Hawker Tempest-II formation.jpg|thumb|right|Tempest-IIs of the Royal Pakistan Air Force]]
The creation of this plane also came with an older counterpart, the Tempest Mk V. The Mk II has a different engine than the Mk V which is why they seem different. The Mk II's were used later in the war than the Mk V's.
{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Hawker Tempest Mk.II was a single seat fighter powered by a single Bristol Centaurus radial engine. After the Hawker Typhoon had proved unsatisfactory in its originally intended role as an interceptor, Hawker continued their work on viable options for a replacement aircraft.

The Hawker Tornado project had been run with two separate engine options concurrently; after the Tornado was cancelled the idea of trialing two separate engines was applied to Hawker's new venture, then entitled the Typhoon II. After major design changes and with a perceived lack of confidence in the Typhoon name, the aircraft was designated the Tempest. The original prototypes were planned as the Tempest I with the Sabre IV engine and the Tempest V with the Sabre II. Shortly after this, two Tempest Mk.IIs were ordered with the 18 cylinder Bristol Centaurus engine, rated at 2520 hp. An order for 500 Tempest IIs was placed in October 1942, before the prototype had even first taken to the air. The first flight occurred in June 1943 before the Bristol Aeroplane Company began production, completing construction of its first example in October 1944, joining the two prototypes to continue trials. After delays in the Tempest II program the aircraft type was originally intended for use against the Japanese in the Far East but entered service just too late for the operations in the Second World War.

The first two Tempest II squadrons were No.54 and No.247 in autumn 1945. Only two squadrons of Tempest IIs operated from the UK mainland itself. With the war's end the demand for high numbers of Hawker's new fighter no longer remained and aircraft contracts were reduced significantly. Whilst 'Tiger Force' – the planned force for the Far East – had been cancelled, the RAF still opted to deploy 180 Tempest IIs to the Far East between 1946 and 1947. Four squadrons were stood up in British India and used in policing actions in the local area before the aircraft were handed over to the Royal Indian Air Force and the Royal Pakistan Air Force. The Tempest II was also used as part of the British Forces of Occupation in Germany until July 1949. Only 552 Tempest IIs were built, serving with the RAF, India and Pakistan.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tempest_mk2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|n9KdgbSzla8|'''The Shooting Range #23''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 05:58 discusses the Tempest and its engine.}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Typhoon (Family)]] - the aircraft the Tempest evolved from

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain fighters}}

HMNZS Leander

2024-05-24T14:53:01Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_cruiser_leander
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the lead ship of Leander-class light cruisers built for the Royal Navy in early 1930s. The ships were named after mythical figures and three out of eight built were sold to Royal Australian Navy. The Leander-class was built mainly for commerce protection based on the experience with York-class heavy cruisers. As built the Leander was armed with eight 152 mm BL Mk XXIII guns in four twin turrets, secondary armament was made of four 102 mm QF Mk V guns which were later replaced by four twin 102 mm QF Mk XVI guns. Anti-aircraft protection was supplemented by three quadruple mounts of Vickers 12.7 mm machine guns. Two quadruple 530 mm torpedo launchers. The ship was also equipped with aircraft catapult for two aircraft. The HMNZS Leander was laid down on 8th September 1930 and comissioned on 24th March 1933. The first five ships of the class also featured boiler rooms arranged together into single funnel, making the ship vulnerable to being disabled by gunfire if hit. Leander was assigned to the New Zealand Divison of the Royal Navy. In 1937 Leander conducted aerial survey of Pitcairn Islands while en route to New Zealand from England. In 1941, the New Zealand Division became Royal New Zealand Navy and Leanders prefix changed from HMS to HMNZS. Leander initially served in the Pacific and Indian ocean, where she sunk Italian and Vichy France merchantmen in course of a month. On 22nd April 1941, Leander took part in search of German commerce raider Pinguin which was later sunk by HMS Cornwall. Between June and September 1941, Leander was transferred into Mediterranean before returning back into Pacific. On 13th July 1943,the Leander together with US Navy Brooklyn-class light cruisers USS St. Louis and USS Wichita and group of ten destroyers took part in Battle of Kolombangara. At 01:00 radar contact was made with Japanese light cruiser Jintsu and five destroyers. In the ensuing battle, Jintsu was sunk and all three Allied cruisers were hit by Japanese Long Lance torpedoes. Leander was struck with single torpedo in the boiler room, and the damage caused was so extensive that she spent rest of the war being repaired. After repairs in Auckland, she went to Boston for a refit. Returned to Royal Navy on 27th August 1945. Leander took part in the Corfu Channel Incident in 1946. She was decomissioned in February 1948 and sold for scrap in 1950.

The Leander was introduced in [[Update 1.87 "Locked On"]]. The Leander is one of the first British light cruisers, captains come across. Unlike the previous Arethusa-class the Leander features thicker main armour belt around the machinery, that is 76 mm thick instead of the 57 mm at Arethusa. The elevators and turrets are both protected by all around 25 mm thick armour. The bridge features 12 mm anti-fragmentation armour, providing atleast some degree of protection from the HE shells. However all the boiler rooms can be disabled with a single hit due to them not being separeted. Magazines are quite deep under water line, making the ship quite protected from fatal explosion if hit. The Leander is also equipped with two quadruple torpedo launchers on each side of the hull, however the torpedoes while with 74 km/h speed, have only 4.57 km range, making their use very situational.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

The HMNZS Leander is all-around armour upgrade over [[HMS Arethusa]]. This includes thicker belt armour (now 3 in), thicker armour over the magazines (3.5 in), and added anti-fragmentation armour around the bridge area of the superstructure. This added armour increases the already decent survivability against both destroyers and now to some extent cruisers. Captains of the Leander should take advantage of this added armour while knowing that it still cannot take hits from heavy cruisers, doing so will result in the loss of the ship extremely quickly. The overall survivability is increased as the HMNZS Leader boasts a total of 767 crewmen which allows more hits to be taken without suffering a fatal amount of crew loss. When all the additional armour and crew is taken into account, it allows captains of this ship to act much more aggressively than with previous British cruisers.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

The HMNZS Leander boasts increased mobility and manoeuvrability over previous British cruisers. Even stock, this ship handles much better than previous ships such as the [[HMS Enterprise]] or the HMS Arethusa due to its quick rudder shifting time and faster acceleration. Once spaded, this ship turns into a fast cruiser at a 60 km/h (32 knots) forward and 26 km/h (14 knots) in reverse. This added speed along with a quick rudder shifting time allows for increased tactical flexibility in regards to positioning and manoeuvring the ship.

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|6 inch/50 BL Mark XXIII (152 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[6 inch/50 BL Mark XXIII (152 mm)|152 mm 6 inch/50 Mark BL XXIII]] (x8)
|-
! colspan="5" | Turrets (Bow to stern)
|-
! || Turret 1 (x2) || Turret 2 (x2) || Turret 3 (x2) || Turret 4 (x2)
|-
! scope="row" | Vertical guidance
| colspan="5" | -5°/+60°
|-
! scope="row" | Horizontal guidance
| colspan="5" | ±145°
|-
! scope="row" | Total ammo capacity
| colspan="5" | 1,600
|-
|}

The cannons of the HMNZS Leader are the same as on the previous ship, except now with another twin turret for a total of 8 guns in 4 turrets. They keep the fast reload of 7.5 seconds (with ace crew) along with their accuracy.

==== Ammunition ====
{{:6 inch/50 BL Mark XXIII (152 mm)/Ammunition|6 inch HE, 6 inch CPBC, 6 inch HE-TF, 6 inch HE-VT}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)|102 mm 4 inch/45 Mark XVI]] (x8)
|-
! colspan="5" | Turrets (Bow to stern)
|-
! || Front port turret (x2) || Front starboard turret (x2) || Rear port turret (x2) || Rear starboard turret (x2)
|-
! scope="row" | Vertical guidance
| -90°/+80° || -80°/+90° || colspan="2" | ±90°
|-
! scope="row" | Horizontal guidance
| colspan="5" | -10°/+80°
|-
! scope="row" | Total ammo capacity
| colspan="5" | 2,000
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:4 inch/45 Mark XVI (102 mm)/Ammunition|4 inch HE, 4 inch SAP, 4 inch HE-TF, 4 inch HE-VT}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)|Vickers Mk.V (12.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[Oerlikon Mk.II (20 mm)|20 mm Oerlikon Mk.II]] (x5)
|-
! colspan="6" | Turrets (Bow to stern)
|-
! || Front turret || Middle port turret || Middle starboard turret || Rear port turret || Rear starboard turret
|-
! scope="row" | Vertical guidance
| colspan="3" | -5°/+65° || colspan="2" | -0°/+65°
|-
! scope="row" | Horizontal guidance
| ±180 || -60°/+90° || -90°/+60° || colspan="2" | ±180
|-
! scope="row" | Total ammo capacity
| colspan="5" | 9,000
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Vickers Mk.V (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm Vickers Mk.V]] (x12)
|-
! colspan="4" | Turrets (Bow to stern)
|-
! || Front port turret (x4) ||Front starboard turret (x4) || Rear turret (x4)
|-
! scope="row" | Vertical guidance
| colspan="3" | +25°/+75°
|-
! scope="row" | Horizontal guidance
| colspan="3" | ±90°
|-
! scope="row" | Total ammo capacity
| colspan="3" | 24,000
|-
|}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.V (533 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="9" | 533 mm steam turbined Mk.V torpedo
|-
! # on ship !! Mass (kg) !! Maximum speed in water (km/h) !! Travel distance (km) !! Depth stroke (m) !! Arming distance (m) !! Explosive type !! Explosive mass (kg)
|-
| 8 || 1,736 || 74 || 4.57 || 1.0 || 50 || TNT || 305
|-
|}

=== Scout plane ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Plane}}

Located amidships is a catapult with one Osprey Mk IV scout plane which provides unique offensive and defensive abilities, expanding tactical options. Ship-launched scout planes fly just like regular tree units but lack munition choices and cockpit views. The Osprey may look familiar as it is a derivative of the [[Nimrod Mk II|Nimrod fighter]], but as a 2-seater equipped with a defensive machine gun along with the fixed machine gun and no bombs. It does have the scout plane ability to lay down smoke cover (up to 3 times). Captains will be wise to remember to utilise the aircraft and consider when best to use it, for example to cap a point early or late in the match, to create a smoke screen to stymie enemy bombardment and repair, to attack enemy units directly, or perhaps something completely new!

Note: the aircraft modelled on the ship is not the same as the aircraft that is flown when the scout plane ability is activated.

== Usage in battles ==


The Leander is very similar to the Arethusa, its predecessor, but has some upgrades over the former. It carries an extra gun turret, giving it an 8-shell broadside which, combined with the 7.5 secs reload, can give the Leander some dangerous firepower with good accuracy. The good turret traverse and SAP shells make this ship dangerous at close quarters, where it can deal good damage and good penetration to enemy cruisers. It carries the same secondary armament of eight 4-inch guns with four on each broadside, making it a menace for destroyers and larger aircraft. It's also faster than the Arethusa and boasts a larger crew. While the armour is still weak for a cruiser, it's stronger than the Arethusa, with much better protection for the ammo stowage and the gun turrets, as well as some armour for the rudder, which is rare for a light cruiser.

One drawback for the Leander is its weakened AA armament. While it isn't terrible, it's a far cry from the powerful AA screen of the Arethusa, and can leave it vulnerable if it has no friendly ships to offer additional AA fire. The Leander's guns also start to lack at 5.3. Lacking the AP shells of other nations, heavy cruisers can be a real challenge for the Leander, and it struggles to deal good damage at long range as a result.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful, fast-firing broadside, especially dangerous at close and medium ranges
* Great secondary armament, eight 4-inch guns is dangerous for destroyers and torpedo boats
* Good armour protection, especially around the ammo and guns
* Great turret traverse on main turrets
* Good top speed and manoeuvrability
* One scout seaplane.

'''Cons:'''

* Average AA armament, weaker than the previous Arethusa
* Armour still isn't enough to save it against heavy cruiser guns
* While the crew is larger than previous cruisers, it's still pretty small
* Big target compared to previous British ships
* No APCBC shells for the 6-inch guns

== History ==

[[File:British light cruiser HMS Leander (75) underway at sea in 1945.jpg|thumb|450x450px|HMNZS Leander (75) underway at sea in 1945.]]
HMNZS / HMS Leander was the lead ship of the eight-ship Leander class, built in the 1930s as a follow-up to the Emerald (E) class. Influenced by the design of the British County-class heavy cruisers, Leander carried a main armament of eight 6-inch guns in dual turrets. Commissioned in 1933, she served under the New Zealand division of the Royal Navy and was eventually given to the New Zealand Navy in 1941, renamed HMNZS Leander. She served in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean sea during the early days of the Second World War, primarily as a convoy escort. She later served in the Solomon Islands campaign and was hit by a 610 mm torpedo that put her out of service until the end of the war. Following the cessation of hostilities, Leander was repatriated to the UK, and served with the Mediterranean fleet until she was retired in 1948 and scrapped by 1950.

=== Design and development ===
The Leander-class cruisers originated as a successor to the British Emerald (or E) class, as the first class of light cruisers built by the United Kingdom since the end of the First World War. Influenced by the designs of the County and York classes of heavy cruisers, the Leander class had a similar hull design and gun arrangement. However, displacing 7270 tons standard, they were significantly lighter. Leander's powerful steam turbines allowed her to reach a top speed of almost 33 knots (61 km/h), but their large size meant that she had relatively low armour protection compared to her peers - up to 3 inches (76 mm) of armour at the magazines, and far less throughout the vessel.

Leander carried a main armament of eight 6-inch (152 mm) BL Mk 23 guns mounted in four twin turrets, similar to the layout of the County-class heavy cruisers. She also carried a secondary armament of four single 4-inch (102 mm) dual-purpose guns, though these were upgraded to dual turrets later in her career. Her initial anti-aircraft armament was also rather sparse, composed of just three quadruple Vickers machine guns (calibre 12.7 mm); this was also upgraded significantly in her later service. Leander, the first ship of her class, was laid down in February of 1930; following completion, she was commissioned in 1933.

=== Operational history ===
Following her completion, the Leander served in the New Zealand division of the Royal Navy, along with her sister ship Achilles. Back then, the defence of New Zealand's naval territory was conducted by the Royal Navy, and as a result, the ships were operated by the Royal Navy until the formation of the New Zealand navy in 1941. She participated in the Coronation Review of 1937, and later conducted an aerial survey of the south Pacific ocean. During the time before the war, she toured ports in New Zealand, and also participated in exercises in Australian and British waters.

Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Leander travelled to the port of Alexandria, in the Mediterranean. She was intended to serve in the British mediterranean fleet, but these plans were changed when she was instead given to the British East Indies squadron. During this period, she escorted convoys in the Red sea area and sank several vessels, including an Italian submarine and merchant raider.

In early 1941, Leander was formally given to the New Zealand Navy, which had been formed as an independent naval force. She was then reassigned to the Mediterranean squadron to replace several cruisers that had been destroyed. During this time, she participated in the Syria-Lebanon campaign, fighting against the Vichy French naval forces stationed in that area. After this action, Leander departed as an escort for a convoy bound for Australia, arriving in September of 1941.

In early 1942, with the Japanese raid on Pearl harbour and subsequent declaration of war, Leander began serving in the Pacific theatre. She escorted convoys during the Solomons campaign but was dry docked for several months when a crack was found in her hull. She was returned to service in March of 1943, replacing the sunken cruiser Helena in the Solomon campaign. It was there in July of 1943 when, during a short engagement with Japanese naval forces, Helena was hit by a 610 mm "long lance" torpedo. The damage was extreme, yet she survived and limped to port for repairs. In fact, the damage was extensive enough that she was taken out of service for the rest of the war. By late 1944, Leander had been paid off from the New Zealand Navy, most of her crew members going to her sister ship HMNZS Achilles. Following the completion of repairs, she was repatriated to the UK in late 1945. She saw little service, and was used as a target ship in 1948 before being scrapped by 1950.

=== [[wt:en/news/6084-development-hmnzs-leander-the-legend-of-defiance-en|Devblog]] ===
The Leander-class light cruisers were designed in the late 1920s under the influence of the York-class heavy cruisers. However, the Leander-class differed from previous light cruisers by placing a higher emphasis on seaworthiness and operating range, rather than on protection and firepower. This was done with the aim to make the Leander-class light cruisers more suitable for the commerce protection role.

Initially, five ships of the Leander-class were ordered in the early 1930s, with HMS Leader as the lead ship being laid down in September 1930. Leander was completed a year later and commissioned into service in March 1933. Initially, the warship served with the New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy, before being transferred to the Royal New Zealand Navy after its formation in 1941. From there onwards, the ship sailed under its new designation HMNZS Leander.

Leander primarily served in the Pacific theatre during WW2, taking part in several smaller operations during her early service life. Leander was also briefly stationed in the Mediterranean, supporting allied troops in actions against Vichy France during the Syria-Lebanon campaign. After that, Leander once again returned to the Pacific, where she was severely damaged after an engagement with a small Japanese task force in July 1943. The damage suffered from a torpedo hit was so severe that it rendered Leander inoperable for the remainder of the war, until she was repaired in August 1945.

HMNZS Leander only had a very short post-war service life. The warship was officially decommissioned in 1948 and sold for scrap in 1950.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_cruiser_leander Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6084-development-hmnzs-leander-the-legend-of-defiance-en|[Devblog] HMNZS Leander - The Legend of Defiance]]

=== References: ===

* New Zealand History. (2020). HMNZS Leander. Retrieved January 04, 2021, from <nowiki>https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/hmnzs-leander</nowiki>
* National Museum of the New Zealand Navy. (2020, June 08). Leander. Retrieved January 07, 2021, from <nowiki>https://navymuseum.co.nz/explore/by-collections/ships/leander/</nowiki>

{{ShipManufacturer Devonport}}
{{Britain light cruisers}}

MPK Pr.204

2024-05-23T22:03:02Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_mpk_204
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (NATO reporting name: Poti-class) was a Soviet cold war corvette class, built for anti submarine warfare during 1960s. The Poti-class ships were the first to be powered by gas turbine, and unlike the preceeding Project 122bis-class were also significantly smaller. The draught of the Poti-class was to be made as shallow as possible and was only 2m. The ships were also the fastest corvettes built by the Soviet Union with maximum speed of 70 km/h. Armament of the Pr.204 consisted of a single 57 mm AK-725 twin automatic artillery system astern, two RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers and four tubes with SET-40 homing torpedos. A total of 66 ships were made, with six sold to Bulgaria and three to Romania. None of the vessels survived to this day, in Soviet service the class was replaced by Project 1241.2 Molniya.

The Project 204 was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]]. It is the fastest subchaser in the entire Soviet coastal tree. The main disadvantage of the ship comes from the only offensive armament being located astern, forcing the captain of the vessel to show full broadside of the ship when trying to engage enemy surface vessel. The torpedoes on the Pr.204 are also very weak as their main usage was against submarines and not surface vesseles like in War Thunder. The torpedoes carry only 80 kg TNT eq. with maximum speed of 54 km/h and fairly decent range of 8 km.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

''Talk about the vehicle's armour. Note the most well-defended and most vulnerable zones, e.g. the ammo magazine. Evaluate the composition of components and assemblies responsible for movement and manoeuvrability. Evaluate the survivability of the primary and secondary armaments separately. Don't forget to mention the size of the crew, which plays an important role in fleet mechanics. Save tips on preserving survivability for the "Usage in battles" section. If necessary, use a graphical template to show the most well-protected or most vulnerable points in the armour.''

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

''Write about the ship's mobility. Evaluate its power and manoeuvrability, rudder rerouting speed, stopping speed at full tilt, with its maximum forward and reverse speed.''

{{NavalMobility}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
[[File:MPK Pr.204 Firing Arcs.png|thumb|Firing angles and minimum gun elevation of MPK Pr.204's primary armament.]]
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|AK-725 (57 mm)}}

''Provide information about the characteristics of the primary armament. Evaluate their efficacy in battle based on their reload speed, ballistics and the capacity of their shells. Add a link to the main article about the weapon: <code><nowiki>{{main|Weapon name (calibre)}}</nowiki></code>. Broadly describe the ammunition available for the primary armament, and provide recommendations on how to use it and which ammunition to choose.''

{{:AK-725 (57 mm)/Ammunition|OR-281U, BR-281U}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|RBU-6000|SET-40 (400 mm)}}

''Describe the available additional armaments of the ship: depth charges, mines, torpedoes. Talk about their positions, available ammunition and launch features such as dead zones of torpedoes. If there is no additional armament, remove this section.''

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the technique of using this ship, the characteristics of her use in a team and tips on strategy. Abstain from writing an entire guide – don't try to provide a single point of view, but give the reader food for thought. Talk about the most dangerous opponents for this vehicle and provide recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of playing with this vehicle in various modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful primary armament with high fire rate, good turret traverse speed, and high elevation angle
* Strong AP shells with decent penetration, muzzle velocity, and explosive mass
* Has access to RBU-6000 mortars and four torpedoes
* Has both search and tracking radars

'''Cons:'''

* Poor firing angles for the primary armament, especially to the starboard side
* Mediocre anti-aircraft abilities due to lack of auxiliary/anti-aircraft guns and no HE-VT shells
* Slow torpedoes with very low explosive mass in fixed torpedo tubes that are unable to traverse
* Relatively poor survivability, despite displacing over 500 tons
* Exposed ammo racks for both primary armament and rockets

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the ship in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the ship and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Ship-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the ship's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_mpk_204 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|2GOggarC5MU|'''MPK Pr. 204 - Unlock the Secrets of the Soviet POTI-Class ASW Corvette''' - ''Cmdr. Tyrael''}}

== See also ==

''Links to articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the ship;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{USSR sub-chasers}}

Ho 229 V3

2024-05-23T21:24:49Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=go229_v3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''Horten Ho 229''', also known by its production designation as the '''Gotha Go 229''', is a jet-powered flying wing aircraft designed by the Horten brothers in Germany during the later stages of World War II. It was originally designed in 1943 in response to the RLM's requirements for a "3×1000" fast bomber; an aircraft capable of carrying up to 1,000 kg of bombs, with a range of 1,000 km, and a speed up to 1,000 km/h. Development of the Ho 229 was later reassigned to the Emergency Fighter Program in 1944, which aimed to produce cheap and simple fighters that could defend the Reich from Allied bombers. To reduce costs, Gothaer simplified the design, most notably redesigning the wings to be made of a mixture of plywood panels glued with charcoal and sawdust mixture and attached it to a steel "fuselage" mid-section. The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the third prototype of the Ho 229, and was intended to be the testbed for the first production model, capable of carrying two 30 mm cannons and, later on, possibly a 1,000 kg bomb load. The {{Specs|name}} was never completed, as it was captured by US forces in April 1945 at the Gothaer Waggonfabrik factory. The {{Specs|name}} was the only surviving example of the Ho 229, and it is currently on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.

The {{Specs|name}} was introduced in [[Update 1.43]]. It is the first jet in the "Zerstörer" tech tree of the Luftwaffe and currently comes before the [[G.91 R/3]]. Ironically, it goes against much of the doctrine set by the previous planes, favouring speed and manoeuvrability over armament and durability. Something that will immediately stand out with the {{Specs|name}} is how incredibly manoeuvrable it is compared to most other jet fighters. The {{Specs|name}} can almost quite literally turn on a dime and can even in some circumstances out-turn late super props such as the [[P-51H-5-NA|P-51H]] if manoeuvred correctly. However, if its manoeuvrability is used to its full extent, it also causes the plane to bleed speed at a crippling rate, making a sustained turn fight impossible to win. As such, it is advised to use the {{Specs|name}} as a Boom & Zoom fighter in order to maintain airspeed and altitude. Remember that jet engines' efficiency is directly proportional to the IAS, due to the increased air intake, meaning the {{Specs|name}} will be accelerating very slowly between 0-500 km/h, but beyond will be able to outrun any propeller-driven aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The {{PAGENAME}} is a very unique aircraft in many senses. It was designed as a "pure" flying wing design with a notable absence of the tail section and a "fuselage" merged into the wing in one piece, aiming to reduce the drag as much as possible while maximizing the lifting and aerodynamic capability. This results in the Horten having very low wing loading, generating more than enough lift to keep the plane in the air, and having very low stall speed (especially for a jet aircraft) at 165 km/h, giving the Horten the ability to execute the unconventional "cobra" manoeuvres by baiting the opponent into chasing it vertically until they ran out of air speed and stall, then you can swiftly roll down from the ascent to finish them off.

The lack of drag allows the Horten to have very tight turn radius, especially at medium speeds (around 400-600 km), though this is often offset by the excessive lift that hampers the pitch and roll rate at times. The flying wing design also means that the plane can retains the energy very well while flying straight, but bleeds the energy very quickly in an aggressive turn or prolonged horizontal manoeuvres.

While the {{PAGENAME}} shares the common deficiency of early jets of slow initial acceleration, the Horten can gain energy relatively quickly by taking a shallow dive. While the initial gain is relatively slow, the plane will eventually accelerate enough to gain momentum for climbing. The plane's excellent lift will allow it to climb much more efficiently than other early jets with noticeably less energy loss. Though, be sure to avoid prolonged dogfights as the plane still requires a significant amount of time to regain its energy.

A caveat worth noting about the Horten is its tendency to bounce while landing, especially at a speed above 200 km/h, which often results in the plane overshooting the runway. As such, be sure to use the plane's airbrake to bleed the energy when beginning an approach, then keep the throttle on to maintain the airspeed between 160 - 200 km/h and reduce the chance of abrupt stall as you proceed to land on the runway, then apply the brakes when all wheels have touched the ground.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 871 || 847 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.8 || 25.4 || 17.0 || 16.1 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 950 || 910 || 23.4 || 24.0 || 25.5 || 21.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 980  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 558 || 529 || 380 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 570 || < 600 || < 420 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="6" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="3" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Junkers Jumo 004D || 2
| colspan="3" | 4,800 kg || colspan="3" | 188 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="5" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 17m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 57m fuel
|-
| 750 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 5,541 kg || 5,667 kg || 6,088 kg || 6,720 kg || 7,255 kg || 7,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="6" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 17m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 45m fuel || 57m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,050 kgf || N/A
| 0.38 || 0.37 || 0.34 || 0.31 || 0.29 || 0.28
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,050 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.38 || 0.37 || 0.34 || 0.31 || 0.29 || 0.28
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


An obvious flaw of the Ho 229 is the large surface area created by the flying wing design. This means that is it easier for enemies to land a shot on the plane. It can be countered by turning the side of your plane towards the enemy, henceforth decreasing the surface area that can be shot.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Given the Horten's weight, the acceleration is an issue on the stock plane. Go for ammunition, engine and compressor upgrades first.

After that, any upgrade is equally good. Weapon upgrades can wait, as the Mk 103 is the best gun in-game, with high accuracy and long bursts stock. The belts also shouldn't be a priority unless using the Ho 229 as an attacker. In that case, the "Armoured targets" belt is very useful against tanks & light pillboxes.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MK 103 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm MK 103 cannons, wing-mounted (170 rpg = 340 total)

====Ammunition====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IT|Incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}; okay against planes.
* '''Armoured targets:''' {{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IT|Incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HVAP-T|High-velocity armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}; the armoured target belt is different for the Ho 229 V3, compared to all other Mk 103 armed aircraft, and is only a 1/2 as effective, due to the belt being filled with incendiary shells.
* '''Air targets:''' {{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEI-T|High-explosive incendiary tracer (minengeschoß)}}{{-}}{{Annotation|IT|Incendiary tracer}}; each Minengeschoß (mine-shell) has the same HE power as a 37 mm round, wonderful against anything that flies and light ground targets.
* '''Stealth:''' {{Annotation|AP-I|Armour-piercing incendiary}}; difficult to use; cannot destroy most tanks nor pillboxes, lacks the destructive force of HE shells against planes.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:FighterImage_Ho-229Vunknown.jpg|thumbnail|Horten 229 Version 3 with its wings attached by the USAF in 1950.]]
The Horten 229 flying wing is a dogfighter, heavy-fighter, or even an attacker.

Its single wing design allows for amazing manoeuvrability despite its weight of up to 8 tonnes, when equipped with full fuel load. This is, however, the Horten's literal downfall; the weight. Its acceleration is awful, even for jets. But the energy retention is great and climb acceptable. With that in mind rule number one of jet battle comes into play: do not turnfight! The 229 will tempt anyone though. The low wing loading for a jet and even some piston planes allows for tight turning circles. Being heavy also allows to keep that velocity well in the initial turns, but with the inability to regain that speed afterwards... leads to a flaming wreck thanks to an opportunistic enemy. The classic dogfight is thus only for emergency situations!

As a fighter, stick with Boom & Zoom, in which the Ho 229's heavy weight is of assistance in zoom climbs. However, it will also dampen the Horten's starting acceleration in a dive, making out diving an enemy difficult. The bad roll rate makes it hard to get some shots on target, But watch out! Don't pull too hard on the elevator to get that shot, or the Horten will lose much speed (which cannot be regained quickly) or rarely, lose a wing.

The heavy fighter role equals the fighter one in every aspect, just that the targets are usually bombers. Stay fast, and try to get shots off in head-ons, or in slight diving turns from the bomber's six (tail), to make it difficult for the defensive gunners to hit the Ho 229.

The attacker role is a dangerous one. The Ho 229 will have to fly slow, in order to have time to properly aim, hit & evade trees. While all of these aren't difficult in the Horten 229 V3, it leaves the plane in a dangerous spot: low and without speed. Both are vital though for the sluggish plane. In this role, be sure to have good escort fighters, as enemies can come at any time in jet combat.

Once the Horten is fully upgraded, or at least the performance parts are, one detail to notice is that the wings won't rip so easily like before, but the Ho 229 still has to turn cautiously, because it is still a wooden plane after all.

Perhaps the most dangerous enemy of the Horten 229 is the F-84 Thunderjet. Since the Thunderjet gets an air spawn it already has all the energy it needs to get around the map quickly. There are occasions when players spawn in late, only to be strafed by an F-84 Thunderjet on the runway. The Ho 229 is decent at accelerating once up to about 550 km/h, past that point, the Ho 229 becomes a V2 rocket in terms of acceleration until about ~750-800 km/h, then there will be a hard time accelerating again.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent 30 mm autocannon with access to a 3/4 minengeschoß tracer belt and good ammo count
* Low wing loading, incredibly good at turning when flown at medium speeds (400-600 km/h)
* Good energy retention if not manoeuvred too harshly
* Outruns piston-engine aircraft and all Allied jets, except when up-tiered
* Very low stall speed of 165 km/h, capable of baiting opponents into stalling and strike back
* Fast when diving if flown at medium to high speeds before committing to a dive
* The air brake can bleed airspeed efficiently
* Excellent cockpit visibility in SB

'''Cons:'''

* Slow rate of fire results in occasional misses when sweeping quickly behind enemies if aiming at wings, which have a thin profile
* Only half of its armoured target belt is comprised of HVAP-T shells, unlike other MK 103 equipped aircraft, which have only HVAP-T shells
* Acceleration is slow, even its initial acceleration in a dive
* Is easy to hit when turning, above, or below because of the size
* Wings can be easily overloaded while turning at high speed
* Flying wing design results into poor roll rate and yaw speed, and causing the plane to loses speed quickly in elevator turns
* Difficult to land due to its tendency to bounce on contact with the runway
* Gets matched against enemy jets that have superior performance

== History ==

In the 1930s, the Horten Brothers were really interested by the concept of "flying wing" for the potential of drag reduction.

In 1943, Marshal Hermann Göring requested a plane that could carry a 1,000 kg bomb load to a range of 1,000 km at a speed of 1,000 km/h. Because jet engines of the time had poor efficiency, the Horten Brothers thought putting them in a flying wing, which had reduced drag, was the solution.

The Horten Brothers proposed their project for a bomber, Ho IX, but the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) thought the plane would be better as a jet fighter than a long range bomber and requested that two MK 103 cannons were mounted. The result was the prototype Ho 229.

The Ho 229 was the culmination of over 14 years of research and experiment by the Horten brothers for a flying wing design, which aims to maximize the aerodynamic efficiency of an aircraft by reducing as much drag as possible, resulting into an aircraft that has its airframe consist only of a wing without the tail or distinct fuselage. As the brothers lacked their own facility to produce their design, production of the Ho 229 was outsourced to the Gothaer Waggonfabrik company, to which the brothers later alleged that Gothaer underprioritised their project in favour of the company's own design.

The Ho 229 had three prototypes before the facility was overrun.
[[File:FighterImage_Draeger suit from the side.jpeg|thumb|right|Pilot with Draeger suit in Ho 229]]

# '''V1''' was a glider to test the design.
# '''V2''' was a down-scaled prototype fitted with the Jumo 004B.
# '''V3''' was a testbed for serial production, it was however not completely finished when the US Army arrived.

Only one example of a Ho 229 V3 was in final phase of assembly at the end of the war, and sent on to the United States by the Allies.

Originally the V3 was intended to have the Jumo 004C jet engines, these weren't ready though and the Me 262 A's 004B was installed. 
The final production version would have had the ability to load bombs, switch the main armament to four [[MK 108 (30 mm)|MK 108]] and the pilots were to be equipped with the Draeger pressure suit ([[G-Suit]]).

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=go229_v3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|INb9VjLxKf0|'''Most unusual aircraft''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 5:54 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|hNfRQMZUMQg|'''The Shooting Range #195''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 04:05 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|80rCNzTtk9w|'''{{PAGENAME}} Gameplay''' - ''PhlyDaily''|1iGO6MPhC_A|'''{{PAGENAME}} - Gameplay and Tips''' - ''WhooptieDo''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/189462-horten-ho-229-v3/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Gothaer}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

Ki-49-IIa

2024-05-23T21:16:28Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Japanese medium bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Ki-49 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ki-49_2a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Japanese medium bomber developed in late 1930s. The developement of Ki-49 began after the experience from combat with Ki-21 shown, that the bomber would be unable to conduct daylight bombing missions unescorted. To remedy this issue, heavy defensive armament aswell as armour was installed. The Ki-49-IIa featured more powerful Ha-109 engines as opposed to the Ha-41 engines used previously, self-sealing fuel tanks and improved armour scheme.

The Ki-49-IIa has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. The Ki-49's role is a low-altitude medium bomber capable of destroying ground targets such as pillboxes and tanks. Although hindered by a low total bomb capacity, this aircraft is renowned for its impressive manoeuvrability. The defensive armament coupled with the armour also makes repelling attackers easier, especially with the dorsal 20 mm cannon.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 5,150 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 481 || 464 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.0 || 31.8 || 9.6 || 9.6 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
! Upgraded
| 525 || 502 || 28.7 || 30.0 || 18.4 || 12.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 580  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 427 || 398 || 250 || ~5 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 360 || < 360 || < 403 || > 250
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 68 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 12.5 mm Steel plate in front of the pilot
* 16.5 mm Steel plate behind the pilots
* 12.5 mm Steel plate behind the dorsal gunner
* 12.5 mm Steel plates surrounding the dorsal gunner
* 12.5 mm Steel plates in front of the tail gunner

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Being a bomber, speed is not necessarily an important attribute, however, payload and armament are. Upgrading the bombs allows for more target flexibility and damage potential while turret upgrades will help survivability. the turret belts and the "new turrets" upgrades are useful. The "new turrets" upgrade will allow you to fire the turrets for longer periods of time and having access to multiple ammunition belts is also helpful. The engine upgrades are also useful in that they will help you reach your target faster and will control engine temperature. Having all of the weapons upgrades will help drastically in unlocking the other modules on this aircraft.

The best way of grinding with this aircraft is to play cautiously and to use communication. As with any bomber, if you're caught alone or off guard you are as good as dead. Although not a sure tactic, having a fighter escort will boost RP gains drastically. This goes for both arcade and realistic battles. Generally, try to destroy as many targets as possible without wasting bombs. If done in a speedy fashion it is possible to drop multiple payloads in RB. The same goes for simulator battles. In arcade battles, having a high reload speed and a fighter escort will allow for constant bombardment. If done correctly, flying the Ki-49 in all modes will net you large amounts of RP.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Army Type 94 GPHE (50 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (250 kg)|Army Type 92 GPHE (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 12 x 50 kg Army Type 94 GPHE bombs (600 kg total)
* 4 x 250 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bombs (1,000 kg total)
* 1 x 500 kg Army Type 92 GPHE bomb (500 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Ho-1 (20 mm)|Type 89 (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm Ho-1 cannon, dorsal turret (180 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine gun, nose turret (450 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine gun, ventral turret (450 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (450 rpg = 900 total)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Type 89 machine gun, tail turret (900 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==


This aircraft has the ability to hold up to 1,000 kg of bombs in several different variations. 12 x 50 kg bombs, 4 x 250 kg bombs and 1 x 500 kg bomb. Use the 12 x 50 kg bombs to attack light tanks and light pillboxes. They are not viable against bigger targets since direct hits are needed to destroy. This loadout is particularly useful on maps like Zhengzhou where there is an abundance on non-moving targets (light pillboxes). Use the 4 x 250 kg bomb versions to destroy heavier targets such as medium tanks, pillboxes, destroyers, and cargo ships or mini bases. Use the 500 kg bomb to destroy targets like carriers.

In arcade battles, this aircraft is particularly proficient at bombing bases, especially with a maxed reload crew skill. Since you can virtually turn on a dime, instead of having to line up longer bombing runs like heavy bombers you can "hover" over the base or airfield and attempt dive attacks. The 500 kg bomb is useful here because you only have to drop one bomb instead of spamming multiple. It's also possible to use this same tactic against pillboxes or tanks. With fighter cover, a good reload time skill and good aim it's possible to destroy dozens of ground units.

If attacked by fighters, it is important to remember and recognize the Ki-49's turning capabilities. It is actually possible to win lateral turn fights against fighters with this aircraft. Try not to act like a "sitting duck" because the Ki-49 features little armour protection and has limited defensive capabilities as far as weapons go. If found in a sticky situation, the hard-hitting 20 mm dorsal cannon is deadly. The only problem is that it's not located directly on the tail. If an enemy is directly behind or below the Ki-49, the 20 mm tail gunner's arc will not reach it. Therefore, you may need to change altitude in order to have the enemy plane both above and behind you. Pulling hard manoeuvres will throw the enemy off and allow you to set up for more defensive fire.

Although unconventional, this aircraft is a fantastic weapon if you want to bait the enemy. Ideally, you would want to attract a higher flying enemy down to you and to get into a turn fight. This way, depending on the enemy aircraft you can outmanoeuvre and distract him while teammates fly down to finish him off. Also if the enemy aircraft attacks from above, the 20 mm Ho-1 cannon can do a lot of damage.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good manoeuvrability and turn time for a bomber
* Variety of payload options
* Multiple gunners for protection in almost all directions
* Some armour protection around pilots and gunners
* Low stall speed

'''Cons:'''

* Prone to engine and fuel fires
* Relatively slow
* Low total bomb capacity (1,000 kg)
* Generally poor defensive armament
* Low rate of climb
* Gunners in the rear of the plane are bunched up together

== History ==


;Nakajima Ki-49-II Donryu Army Bomber, type 100 model 2a (code name "''Helen''")

Prior to the outbreak of the War in the Pacific, the Japanese utilised the Ki-49 in China where it served well. It wasn't until the spring of 1942 that the Japanese military determined that the Ki-49 should be fitted with upgraded engines, namely the Nakajima Ha-109 radial piston engines which were rated at 1450 hp. Upgrading the engines, however, required slight modification of the engine nacelles to accommodate the newer engines even though they were roughly the same size as the original engines. Unfortunately, the oil cooler would not fit inside the nacelle along with the new engine and was instead mounted on the exterior of the nacelle. Other changes were also made to improve combat conditions of this aircraft: upgraded armour protection protecting the aircrew was installed along with self-sealing fuel tanks and a bombsight. The defensive armament remained similar to that of the Ki-49-I, however, the Type 89 machine guns were replaced with Type 98 7.92 mm machine guns (which were based on the Rheinmetall-Borsig MG.15). The normal bomb-carrying capacity of the aircraft was increased to 1,000 kg. A few short months later in August of 1942, this new version of the Donryu entered production under the designation Ki-49-IIa (model 2 Ko).

Quickly it was determined that the defensive machine guns were proven to be ineffective against Allied fighters and this required a new modification, which became the Ki-49-IIb (model 2 Otsu) implemented with stronger defensive weaponry. In the bow, stern, and ventral firing positions, the 7.92 mm Type 98 machine guns were replaced with Ho-103 12.7 mm machine guns (the Type 1 Japanese version of the Browning M2 .50 calibre machine guns). The two guns on the aircraft's sides were replaced with the original 7.7 mm Type 89 machine guns removed during the Ki-49-Ia upgrade. The bomb load remained unchanged at 1,000 kg. In later series, the Ki-49-IIb's common exhaust tube was replaced with several individual pipes. Even though the Ki-49-II bombers went through several revisions and upgrades, they were unable to completely replace the older models still in service. These bombers were used mainly in New Guinea, and China, and, in October of 1944, they were transferred to the Philippines where they actively participated in the Battle of Leyte Gulf. The Ki-49 was utilised as a jack-of-all-trades aircraft as she was used as both a day and a night bomber, long-range reconnaissance, transport, and anti-submarine patrols to name a few. Towards the end of the war, the Ki-49s were assigned to kamikaze units and modified for such action. Modifications for the kamikaze missions included stripping out all of the defensive armaments, the crew was reduced to two pilots and the bomb load was increased to 1,600 kg. Production of the Ki-49 ceased in December of 1944. In all its different variants, a total of 819 Ki-49s were constructed.

The first unit to receive Donryus was the 61st Sentai in China.
An unknown amount of Ki-49s was involved in the Battle of Okinawa in 1945.

* 95th Sentai, Papua New Guinea 1943
* 61st Sentai, French Indochina 1944
* 7th Sentai, 2nd Chutai 1944-45
* 24th Sentai, 2nd Chutai Philippines 1944-45
* 62nd Sentai 3rd Chutai Burma 1944

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Nakajima Ki-49-II Donryu Army Bomber, type 100 model 2 (code name "Helen")

In the spring of 1942, it was decided that the Ki-49 should be fitted with new engines, the Nakajima Ha-109 radial piston engines, rated at 1450 hp. This required only a slight modification of the engine nacelles, as the new engine was a similar size to that of its predecessor.

However, the oil cooler could not fit inside the nacelle along with the engine and was put outside, instead. Other changes were made to improve combat conditions: the armour protecting the airplane's crew was upgraded and self-sealing fuel tanks were installed, as well as a new bomb sight.

The defensive armament remained similar to that of the Ki-49-I, but the Type 89 machine guns were replaced with 7.92 mm Type 98 machine guns (which were based on the Rheinmetall-Borsig MG.15). Normal bomb carrying capacity was increased to 1,000 kg.

In August of 1942, the new version of the Donryu entered production, under the designation Ki-49-IIa (model 2Ko). However, the fighters' machine guns were soon proven to be ineffective against Allied fighters, so a new modification, the Ki-49-IIb (model 2Otsu) was designed with stronger defensive weaponry. In the bow, stern, and lower firing locations, the 7.92 mm Type 98 machine guns were replaced with 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns (the Type 1 Japanese version of the .50 cal Browning M2). The two guns on the aircraft's sides were replaced with the original 7.7 mm Type 89 machine guns. The bomb load remained unchanged.

In later series, the Ki-49-IIb's common exhaust was replaced with several separate pipes.

The Ki-49-II bombers were unable to completely replace the older models in service. They were used mainly in New Guinea and China, and, in October of 1944, they took active participation in the Battle of Leyte.

The Ki-49 was used as both a day and a night bomber as well as for long-range reconnaissance, transport, and anti-submarine patrols. Towards the end of the war, they were used in kamikaze units. For kamikaze missions, the Ki-49 was stripped of all defensive armaments, the crew was reduced to two pilots, and the bomb load was increased to 1,600 kg.

Production of the Ki-49 ceased in December of 1944. In all, 819 Ki-49s were constructed, including all variants.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ki-49_2a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[Ki-49-I]]
* [[Ki-49-IIb]]
* [[Ki-49-IIb/L]]

== External links ==


* [http://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=559 [Military Factory<nowiki>]</nowiki> Nakajima Ki-49 Donryu (Helen)]
* [http://www.pilotfriend.com/photo_albums/timeline/ww2/Nakajima%20Ki%2049%20Helen.htm [Pilot Friend<nowiki>]</nowiki> Nakajima Ki 49 Helen]
* [http://wp.scn.ru/en/ww2/b/1033/65 [Wings Palette<nowiki>]</nowiki> Nakajima Ki-49 Donryu/Helen]

{{AirManufacturer Nakajima}}
{{Japan bombers}}

LaGG-3-34

2024-05-23T17:46:22Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = gift Soviet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = LaGG-3 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=lagg-3-34
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|market=LaGG-3-34 (USSR)
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Soviet fighter aircraft, a variant of a LaGG-3 fighter. The 20 mm ShVAK shooting through the propeller hub was replaced by 37 mm NS-37 cannon. The aircraft was meant to be tank buster such as the Yak-9T later. 40 of the LaGGs were sent to Stalingrad in 1942 for evaluation. The instalation of the gun shifted center of gravity forward and caused stability issues. And the recoil from the cannon caused engine damage such as oil leaks and ruptures of piping. The aircraft was then not developed further due to the issues mentioned earlier.

The LaGG-3-34 was introduced in [[Update_1.41#19.06.2014_-_1.41.27.12|Update 1.41.27]] through the [[wt:en/news/668--en|LaGG-3-34 starter pack]]. From 2014 to 2019, it was purchasable in the store as part of several premium packs but was removed at the beginning of 2019. It was also made available in parallel in the [[Warbonds]] shop as a random prize of the Vehicle battle trophy from [[wt:en/news/5738-news-how-can-you-get-premium-vehicles-warbonds-en|September 2018]] to March 2019 and from [[wt:en/news/6605-news-premium-vehicles-for-warbonds-until-the-31st-of-march-en|March 2020]] to October 2020. The LaGG-3-34 makes for perfect CAS aircraft due to its 37 mm cannon into ground battles, aswell as a fighter capable of defending itself. The LaGG fullfills same role of the later Yak-9T although at lower battle rating aswell as slightly worse performance, comparable more to the early Yak-9.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 542 || 527 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.1 || 25.0 || 11.5 || 11.4 || rowspan="2" | 450
|-
! Upgraded
| 579 || 560 || 22.0 || 23.0 || 16.3 || 13.8
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 440 || 414 || 280 || ~12 || ~9
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 380 || < 380 || < 380 || > 323
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}
''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|NS-37 (37 mm)|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 37 mm NS-37 cannon, nose-mounted (36 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose-mounted (200 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==


;Combat tactics
The LaGG-3-34 is very powerful against attacker/bomber aircraft, and though the NS-37 isn't the most accurate, they are large targets you can usually take them out with relative ease. As such it is best to stay at high altitudes in order to dive on enemy bombers. The NS-37 is the same cannon as in the Yak-9T, so players experienced with that aircraft will feel right at home in this aircraft. The LaGG-3-34 can also provide ground support when equipped with AP rounds, although the slight inaccuracy with the cannon can make it difficult at long ranges against tanks.

The Berezin 12.7 mm machine should really always have Air target rounds since it's not very useful when attacking ground targets. Even then it's best used to line up shots for the NS-37: fire a few bursts with just the 12.7 mm until you hit the target, then shoot one or two rounds of 37 mm. This should be all you need to bring down an aircraft at your battle rating.

One interesting effect of this plane is that many enemies will try to head-on you since they will not recognize the aircraft tag and confuse it with a LaGG-3-35. These battles are easily winnable with the 37 mm cannon, as it has the ability to knock out enemy fighters with a single shot.

;Specific enemies worth noting
Due to the added weight of the large cannon, this plane has excellent energy retention in the vertical but quickly bleeds it while turn fighting. It struggles to keep pace after it loses speed, so players must be wary of any engagements that take place in the horizontal. Many American aircraft at this tier have the ability to out-turn you with flaps, so remain vigilant and do not be lulled into lower altitudes. German and Italian fighters will outperform you at altitude, so it is best to engage them at some distance with the 37 mm.

;Counter-tactics
Many people will head-on this aircraft if you use it as a fighter instead of an interceptor. Fire off a few shots with the 37 at .6 km, and then pull up or down to avoid their fire. Any damage to your engine can be fatal, as the glide characteristics of this modification of the LaGG are not very good. Bombers are wary of all aircraft approaching them. As such, coming from directly behind is not advisable. Blasting a wingtip off of a bomber from above is an excellent way to avoid being hit by most gunners.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very large and powerful nose-mounted gun for rank II
* NS-37 gets HEFI-T* rounds which can take out enemy planes with a single hit
* Good manoeuvrability at its typical speeds
* Has access to 36 shells for the 37 mm gun (6 more than the [[Yak-9T]])
* Semi-rare variation of LaGG-3 to see in the battles, a nasty surprise to the enemy
* Heavy weight allows for excellent speed gain in dives, be careful with lock up

'''Cons:'''

* NS-37 isn't very accurate when firing long bursts
* Low ammo count for the Berezin UB 12.7 mm heavy machine gun
* Poor cockpit rear view, a recurring problem with LaGG-3s
* Easily outmanoeuvred by British and Japanese fighters of same rank
* Poor manoeuvrability at low speeds and suffers some locking up at high speeds
* Due to the weight it has some issues with energy retention

== History ==

These planes were used during the battle of Stalingrad with great success against enemy bombers. However, recoil and centre of gravity issues plagued the plane, and the extra weight caused them to suffer from worse performance than other LaGG-3s, which were already somewhat underpowered. The fact that the Il-2s were considered just as effective against ground targets, and the test flight of the Yak-9T which proved a much better platform for the NS-37 gun, spelt the end to this variant of the LaGG-3 with only 40 being produced.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
In as early as 1940, M.I. Gudkov had the idea of installing large-calibre cannons on the LaGG-3 in order to combat enemy armoured vehicles. In the spring of 1941, Y.G. Taubin and B.G. Shpitalny began to develop a model of the fighter equipped with 37 mm cannons.

But development was put toward an anti-tank model of the LaGG-3 (the series 34) with the Nudelman-Suranov NS-37 engine-mounted 37 mm cannon. The NS-37 cannon was installed in the cavity between the engine cylinders instead of the 20 mm ShVAK cannon. The NS-37 cannon's barrel extended significantly beyond the propeller spinner, and was installed in place of the propeller's lengthened hollow shaft with a ratchet.

This meant that the plane's armament consisted of a 37 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-37 cannon with 12 shells and a 12.7 mm synchronized Berezina UBS machine gun with 200 rounds, installed in the nose section of the fuselage above the engine and to the left.

Wing-mounted bomb racks were not installed. Automatic slats were installed on the wing panels to improve the plane's runway characteristics and manoeuvrability at low flight speeds.

The anti-tank LaGG-3 with its NS-37 cannon successfully passed state testing, but it took until 30 December 1942 for the military to adopt the cannon itself. Nonetheless, aircraft plant No. 31 in Tbilisi produced the LaGG-3 Series 34 in the autumn of 1942. According to various estimates, between 40 and 65 LaGG-3 Series 34 planes were built.

Planes of this model saw successful use in combat at Stalingrad. Firing from the 37 mm cannon did not shake the plane, and accordingly, did not affect firing accuracy, which was particularly important in battles against armoured vehicles.

But the 37 mm NS-37 cannon significantly increased the plane's weight and affected its center of gravity, which seriously reduced its flight characteristics. In addition, the plane's structure poorly withstood the cannon's strong recoil. Further production of this model was stopped in connection with the unacceptable drop in its flight characteristics.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=lagg-3-34 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|PJfDg4zfiyw|'''The Lagg-3-34''' - ''TheEuropeanCanadian''|O_12HQIrs7Q|'''Ace Game LaGG-3-34 [Rare Plane Gameplay]''' - ''BaconGaming''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/179340-lavochkin-gorbunov-gudkov-lagg-3-series-34/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20161217121809/http://mig3.sovietwarplanes.com/lagg3/lagg3-37/lagg3-37.htm <nowiki>[Soviet Warplanes]</nowiki> LaGG-3s with 37 mm guns]
* [http://wio.ru/tacftr/lag.htm <nowiki>[War Is Over]</nowiki> Lavochkin piston fighters]

{{AirManufacturer Lavochkin}}
{{USSR fighters}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

Tempest Mk V (Vickers P)

2024-05-23T11:32:29Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = British strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Tempest (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=tempest_mkv_vikkers
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British prototype attacker developed from the Tempest Mk V at the end of the war. Single Mk V was rearmed with 47 mm Vickers Class P guns, and designated Tempest Mk V (PV). The 20 mm guns in wings were removed and single 47 mm gun was installed in gunpod under each wing, carrying 38 rounds per gun. The tests revealed that the aircraft have potential, however no production was undertaken, partially cause of the end of the war in Europe.

The Tempest Mk V (PV) was introduced in [[Update 1.37]]. The attacker variant of a fighter Mk V Tempest, retains majority of its speed despite the added drag from the gunpods, still being faster than its counterparts. The plane comes with two high velocity 47 mm guns able to penetrate all armour find at its BR with ease from the top, and on majority of tanks also from the side. However due to the fire rate of the guns while entirely possible to hit fighters, it is not advised.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The Tempest retains its high maximum speed in a straight line and even at its worst will still keep ~516 km/h average speed at ground level. This is generally enough to keep distance from old interceptors and fighters by using WEP and escape towards teammates, even if they dive, as long as the pilot pays attention and leaves before the fight actually starts.

The plane does not like to turn sideways as much as some attackers, even at low speed. With some effort it is possible to correct flight direction a bit, but this will still affect the shell trajectory.

In RB WEP is extremely unlikely to overheat the engine as long as the plane is not damaged and isn't doing a super dive (which is not expected at altitudes of attacker anyway), so unless damage is expected there is no need to go easy on the plane. The plane also has a very impressive climb rate, so it can gain momentary speed boosts by climbing and dropping back down. When WEP is held for more than 7 minutes, the engine will finally start going red, but still at a rate that allows to safely WEP all the way to the airfield with minimal attention required. When water is at 130+ °C the float carburetor seems to becomes more fragile and can spontaneously fail when plane does anything remotely resembling a negative G manoeuvre or a pulls down from any stalls.

Plane can land on the short airfiel by losing speed (by cutting engine down to 30% or even 0, then doing some heavy turns and rolls simultaneously) until it reaches the speed of around 320 km/h, then pulling out landing gear and flaps. After that it can simply go down and land, as the flaps will prevent it from gaining any more speed. The plane should be able to stop before driving out of the airfield by doing a side slide while braking (avoid braking when the back wheel is not on the ground). Plane can lose the back wheel in process if the brake is held for too long while also sliding. If any of the landing flaps were lost, it is better to reduce plane speed to at least 250 km/h and approach the land as low as possible.

The flaps will take damage if used at above ~340 km/h. The combat flaps will reduce average speed but will help the plane pull up at a faster rate, so they can be used when setting up for a second attack dive on the same convoy, or as a last resort when doing a low energy fight.

As per default for the British planes, pilot should never try to do negative G manoeuvres or the engine will immediately choke.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,572 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 621 || 604 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.9 || 24.6 || 14.4 || 14.4 || rowspan="2" | 460
|-
! Upgraded
| 752 || 671 || 21.1 || 22.0 || 29.5 || 20.4
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 412 || 389 || 269 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 440 || < 430 || < 530 || > 337
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 1,447 m || 2,085 hp || 2,585 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,981 m || 1,735 hp || 2,151 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


The Tempest has rather mediocre damage retention. It can take some damage on the wings, even as far as losing a tip without falling, but this will heavily reduce its speed and control. The tail is often cut off in a head-on with other attackers, but otherwise can survive a fighter pass or two. Any random damage can damage water and oil cooling, putting the engine in danger of overheating when abusing WEP.

The weakest part of the Tempest is the engine - even a single 12.7 mm bullet can easily put it out of comission on a lucky hit, making the plane as good as dead. Fortunately, planes with wing-mounted guns rarely hit it, even in a head-on, but some SPAA or back gunners might just focus on it or accidentally hit it instead of a pilot.

If shot from the back caused fire, the plane can still survive by pulling up and doing the stall with landing flaps. With minimal fuel load, sometimes all fuel leaves the plane before it explodes. This by no means ensures survival, as generally this particular Tempest is used next to the ground, but it still can get some RP from landing or waste more of enemy time by simply refusing to succumb to a fire.

* 44.45 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 16.9 mm Steel - Armour plate in pilot's seat

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Vickers P (47 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 47 mm Vickers P cannons, wing-mounted (36 rpg = 72 total)

The 47 mm on this plane can only be armed with armour piercing rounds. These rounds do not explode and tend to penetrate targets all the way through, if they hit well. It may not destroy some tanks outright, but it will definitely take out half of the crew or set them on fire on a good hit. Ammunition often struggles to penetrate American medium tanks.

Against planes, AP works better when used to snap enemy wings (sometimes fails, as it's not HE-I, but the damage is hard to ignore), hit engines (generally instantly fatal for any plane) or the bomber's bomb cargo (if they had contact fuse installed, the bomber instantly explodes).

The cannons are easier to aim in cockpit perspective when the target doesn't move too much, as the guns are aimed straight at the sight dot. Engine and plane drag affect the shell spread and direction, therefore the guns are never absolutely accurate as long as the thrust is above 70%, but at 800 and 600 m gun convergence the shells fly very predictably. For example, in a head-on with 800 m convergence and WEP on the shells will fly slightly below the dot at ranges above 800 m and at ranges below 800 m they will go to the dot sides.

== Usage in battles ==


;General information:

This plane with its two 47 mm cannons on each side with only armour-piercing ammo (by default) with no other armament is clearly made for the ground attack role. It's definitely not a turn fighter, as the plane is not designed to manoeuvre well, and the price of missing a high calibre shot is way too high, but once fully modified the plane has the ability to be the most unstoppable force in its role.

The Tempest Vickers Mk V equipped with the Vickers 47 mm cannons is an absolute tank buster and in Air RB mode can destroy most of the NPC tanks in one hit or deal heavy damage to player tanks in Ground RB when used correctly. Engaging enemy planes is not recommended and preferrably should only be done when they are distracted, to make sure that you can keep your speed high, so that you can disengage by running away.

If enemy plane is confronting you, cannons can also be used in a head-on to destroy almost any enemy plane in a single hit (with at least 3 or 4 attempts before most enemies will actually start dealing fatal damage to you), but you should keep long range gun convergence and practice aim for this a lot, as some enemies will immediately break out of a head-on after seeing 47 mm shells flying just past their face, which is a very bad outcome for you.

;Ground targets:

The Tempest can easily take out any light, medium, and most heavy tanks when the attack is made from the correct angle. In Ground RB, you can hit light tanks from any angle, some medium tanks from side or rear and you want to take the heavies from the rear. It is important to glance at the map before choosing a target in pure air modes - on some maps the tanks have simplified damage models (they all have light tank icon on the map despite their name or actual class) - most such tanks explode in a single hit if penetrated at all, but on some maps the tanks will be fully simulated and have their real class icons. In such cases, it is safer to try and cause fires by any means necessary. Most prominently, American medium tanks require side shots or engine fire to be taken out, and the same applies to most heavy tanks. Light pillboxes are easily destroyed on any map with about 6 shells (4 shells if they hit exactly at the bright roof portion), which can be done in a single pass. Overall, 76 rounds may not sound like a lot, but it will be more than enough to clean out most, if not all, tanks, assuming pilot does not miss all the time.

The "Thunderer" medal can be used as a pilot performance benchmark in air RB - getting this medal ensures that you can never go broke and will steadily make money for new planes (unless someone does better than you, which doesn't happen often even if you just crash after earning it), so you definitely should practice to consistently earn it. If anything, it allows to practice attacker-only skills in a loop, making it less frustrating and very profitable. In Air RB, Tempest gets attacker spawn and can rush enemy ground targets under WEP, and, if no other attacker or air-defence plane decided to head-on you, destroy 9 targets (preferably high priority targets only) before being forced to leave. Taking out 2 tanks per attack run is not bad, taking out 3 is very good, allowing you to complete your task by casually roaming between two tank columns. Managing to destroy two light pillboxes in close proximity of each other in one go can be difficult, but if such a skill is ingrained in muscle memory, it will allow to pull off miracles. After 9 targets are down, Tempest almost always can just leave even if some time was wasted.

On maps with small ships involved, you can also go out of your way to obliterate all boats to get a free medal before going towards your real targets, but they net less RP and you will most certainly clash with enemy interceptors at that point in time.

;Air targets:

The best defence of the Tempest (Vickers P) is its speed. The only planes that can bother it in the beginning of a match are other attackers, which can be destroyed with a single hit in a head-on. Enemy fighters generally fail to arrive on the scene until Tempest did 2-3 attack runs and already left due to being low on ammo or simply noticing incoming enemies.

When giving chase, many of the enemies Tempest will face will not be able to outmatch its level flight speed and will be forced to take shots at 1 km distance. However, stay alert for enemy planes and make sure that the horizontal distance is never below 2 km, because it will be already too late for a head-on attempt and if they come out of a dive they will be able to catch up to you. If you spot an enemy plane in the distance, start running to friendly aircraft before the enemy gets too close or set up for a head-on.

In a dive, the Tempest can easily reach speeds of close to 800 km/h. In level flight, you will slowly reach about 620 km/h using WEP, and 590 km/h without it (note that these speeds are at sea level). The Tempest will lose a lot of energy in turns, so try to make smooth manoeuvres. Finally, your water and oil will start to overheat after prolonged use of WEP, so getting in combat after "going orange" if your teammates decided to ditch you would be really bad. Going to 100% power first will cool your plane down again, so you can at least take a hit before accidentally melting the engine.

;Tempest-Specific Strategy:

In air RB, there is a way to win on almost any map, even if you are the last man standing and cannot destroy some of the targets, but it requires high level of expertise and/or defiance. Tempest can, through its speed and big ammunition supply, eliminate every single ground target that can be destroyed without the use of bombs (everything besides battleships and medium pillboxes). This will cause an event for special vehicles to spawn and if anyone can destroy them, the enemy score plummets down to 0. This is easier to accomplish by first hunting enemy tank columns, as this is the plane's specialty - tanks cost a lot of points and it's unlikely that anyone else but you will be able to take them out anyway. In addition to that, on most maps tank convoys destroy eachother when they collide, but if your tanks are not impeded on their way, they will instead continue and then destroy enemy pillboxes on that lane, which will reduce the amount of work you'd have to do later, maybe allowing you to steal victory even with 4 interceptors on your tail. If you don't have tanks, but your enemy does, you can destroy just enough tanks on each enemy lane to make enemy score zero itself upon colliding with your defences.

On some maps ground forces don't really do anything, but you can try your best to lower enemy score anyway. If medium-sized map has no active tanks, or they are very difficult to destroy and you know you won't be able to deal enough damage to win the map in 2 refuels (thus making you unlikely to destroy enemy chances of winning), Tempest still can force head-ons on fighters, hunt attackers (players or NPC planes) or even go out of its way to hunt bombers that are climbing high. Bombers and attackers are very similar to tanks in a way that they don't move too much and explode in one or two hits, but they can shoot back and will destroy your engine if not taken seriously and attacked from as far away as possible.

'''Specific enemies worth noting:'''

[[I-185 (M-82)]], [[La-5]] : almost all players that use these and similar planes will refuse head-ons. They simply know that they have nothing to lose for not playing your game.

[[XP-50]], [[Wyvern S4]] : These premium planes can move around the map as fast as the Tempest. While Wyverns generally mind their own business and rush to bomb bases, the XP-50 is almost guaranteed to dive on you.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 2 x 47 mm guns are great at destroying armoured targets
* Very high level speed
* Reasonable manoeuvrability at high speeds
* Big ammo supply
** On a small map, can take out 60% of enemy victory points in one reload, can end a game all by itself, if left alone for long enough
** Technically, a 4-man squad of these planes can end an Air RB battle on medium maps by destroying all the ground targets before fighters can do anything at all
* In hands of a skilled player, this plane can be used as a good fighter

'''Cons:'''

* Only real defence against other aircraft is its speed
* No bombs or rockets
* Lose a lot of speed in turn fighting
* Has only AP round
* Can't destroy medium pillbox
* Hard to aim, low rate of fire, the cannons are far from the centre of the plane
* Not recommended to use on maps with mostly ships and pillboxes

== History ==


The Tempest Vickers P was a concept plane designed due to the lacking ability of the 40 mm armed Hurricane IID in destroying Tiger 1 tanks in North Africa, The air staff put out an issue in 1942 for a 47 mm airborne anti-tank gun which would fire a 4 lb 9oz (2.07 kg) solid AP shot at 2,650 fps (808 m/s) with a rate of fire no less than 60 rounds a minute.

Vickers was contracted to make the rounds, case piece was 326 mm long, the rim diameter at 59.7 mm with the body diameter at 52.3 mm, the shot was typical of most other British rounds of the time, solid AP shot with no HE filler, overall with the shot fitted the round was 474 mm long.

The gun itself was in contest by three firms of the time, Vickers, Rolls-Royce and the war office design department, the project was known as the "class P gun" as such the competing designs were known as PV (Vickers) PR (Rolls-Royce) PC (for the Chief superintendent of armament design in the war office).

Complete information about the three projects does not appear to have survived. The PR gun was designed with two different barrel lengths, a 70-calibre barrel (with which the muzzle velocity was calculated to be 2,675 fps or 815 m/s) which was about 4.3 m long overall, and a 52-calibre version. The gun was belt-fed and used a long-recoil design; the weapon recoiled 66 cm on firing, generating a peak recoil of just over 2,000 kg. The PC gun weighed 250-270 kg and recoiled only 30 cm, thereby generating a stronger peak recoil of 3,560 kg. This was magazine fed with two alternative designs; a 30-round flat box lying across the gun's body, and a 34-36 round drum wrapped around the rear of the gun. Overall length was 4.5-4.7 m respectively. No information is recorded about the PV gun.

The PV and PC guns were made but were not ready for firing until close to the end of the war. The PR gun was cancelled before completion during the war when Rolls-Royce was directed to cease work on guns. None of the Class P guns proceeded beyond the prototype stage. However a Tempest V was fitted with two of the Vickers guns in under-wing pods just after the war, but no records have been found concerning this installation.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Hawker Tempest Mk.V equipped with Vickers P guns was an experimental ground attack and strike aircraft developed for the RAF. The concept involved taking the new Tempest Mk.V and adding the 47 mm P gun in a long pod beneath each wing. The Vickers P gun was itself a development of the earlier 40 mm Vickers S gun which had been used successfully by the Hawker Hurricane Mk IID. However, the introduction of the Panzer VI Tiger tank into the North African theatre highlighted the limitations of the Vickers S gun, resulting in the need for a new, more potent anti-tank weapon. Three designs competed against each other, all in 47 mm: Rolls-Royce, Vickers and the War Office Design Department. Rolls-Royce were directed to concentrate their efforts elsewhere leaving only two competing designs, neither of which was ready before the end of the Second World War. Very little information has survived regarding either design, although at least one photograph has been found showing the Vickers P gun fitted in a long pod beneath each wing of a Hawker Tempest V. What little test data has been discovered shows that the P gun had a muzzle energy well in excess of both the British 2 and 3 pounder guns and would have been a formidable weapon.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=tempest_mkv_vikkers Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|ObEcMPqFBbE|'''The Shooting Range #259''' - ''Tips & Tricks'' section at 09:11 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Hawker}}
{{Britain strike aircraft}}

S.M.79 B (Germany)

2024-05-23T08:32:06Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = gift German bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = S.M.79 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sm_79_iar
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_S.M.79_B.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was an Italian made medium bomber, serving in the Romanian air force. In 1936, Romania shown interest in the Italian Savoia-Marchetti 79 triple engined bomber, and asked the manufacturer if they could develop a twin engine version of it. The work on the aircraft finished in 1939, unlike the regular S.M.79, the S.M. 79B had two local built license versions of French Gnome-Rhône K14 radial engine, which also powered the Romanian IAR-80 fighter. The nose section was redisigned, with the typical hump housing forward facing 12.7 mm machine gun being removed and cockpit positioned above the fuselage, offering better all around view compared to the base S.M.79. The nose recieved a glazing increasing the bombardier´s view and a keel was slightly enlarged. Due to having two engines, the climb rate decreased aswell as speed compared to regular S.M.79. A total of 24 aircraft was ordered, later on another 80 were made locally by IAR, using the German Jumo 211 engines.

The S.M.79B has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27 in the German aviation tree. In [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]], the S.M.79, as well as the other Italian planes in the German tree, were moved to the new Italian tree. The bomb load of the twin-engined version is same as their triple-engined counterpart, however the S.M.79B is notably slower, with worse climb rate and no offensive weaponry. The aircraft have no weaponry to defend against frontal attacks, and the angles the defensive weaponry can fire around the aircraft are very bad. Only the dorsal 12.7 mm machine gun features very good vertical angle of fire. The aircraft features a very good horizontal and vertical manoeuverability due to its large elevator surface area, however the elevator stiffens above 390 km/h.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 424 || 413 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 36.6 || 37.3 || 3.0 || 3.9 || rowspan="2" | 580
|-
! Upgraded
| 467 || 445 || 33.5 || 35.0 || 10.1 || 5.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 457 || 428 || 280 || ~4 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 260 || < 270 || < 270 || > 307
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Fuel tanks located in fuselage and wing roots

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100T (100 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)|GP 500 (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 12 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (600 kg total)
* 12 x 100 kg GP 100T bombs (1,200 kg total)
* 5 x 250 kg GP 250 bombs (1,250 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg GP 500 bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Lewis (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, dorsal turret (500 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Lewis machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
* No forward-facing defensive armament

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Twin-engine SIAI Savoia-Marchetti S.M.79B medium bomber.

During the pre-war period, SIAI actively tried to export the S.M.79. Alessandro Marchetti argued that twin-engine planes, not three-engine, would be best for export. So, in spite of the Royal Italian Air Force's rejection of the S.M.79B bomber project, he continued work in this area, developing a prototype.

The S.M.79B had a completely redesigned nose section. A glazed cabin for the bombardier/navigator was placed where the centrally located engine used to be. The cockpit, to improve visibility, was moved forward and raised. The dorsal "hump" was moved farther back. Also, the area of the keel was increased slightly.

The plane was powered by two 14-cylinder star-shaped air-cooled Gnome-Rhone 14Kfs engines with 950 hp and a metal three-bladed variable-pitch SIAI propeller.

The engines were placed in elongated engine nacelles, and the aeroplane was given a more streamlined design, which fully compensated for the reduction in total thrust.

The aircraft's defensive armament remained virtually unchanged: three heavy-calibre 12.7 mm Breda SAFAT machine guns, with 500 rounds per gun. One fixed machine gun was placed in the nose, and a second was located in the turret under the hump's sliding panel. The ventral gondola was now used only for a third gun, defending the plane from attacks from the lower rear.

The twin-engine S.M.79B was offered to Belgium, Brazil, China, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Turkey, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union. However, no orders from any of these countries were ever received.

In the spring of 1937, Iraq ordered five S.M.79Bs. The aircraft for Iraq were equipped with A.80 RC.41 engined with a takeoff power of 1,030 hp. The third, fourth, and fifth S.M.79Bs had larger cockpit windows. In early 1938, the Italian crews ferried the aircraft to the customer. All of these planes were eventually destroyed in 1941 during the rebellion in Iraq.

The largest order for the twin-engine S.M.79B was placed by the country of Romania. In autumn of 1937, the Romanians requested 24 of the aircraft equipped with IAR K14-II engines with a power of 900 hp. (A licensed version of the Gnome-Rhone engine, produced in Romania.)

When compared with the Iraqi planes, the Romanian version had several differences: the mobile 7.92 mm Browning FN machine gun with rotary magazine and 350 rounds of ammunition (mounted in the nose) and various equipment modifications. In 1938, these aircraft entered service with two squadrons of the Forţele Aeriene Regale ale Romaniei (Royal Romanian Air Force).
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sm_79_iar Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/428092-sm79b-romania/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer SM}}
{{Germany bombers}}
[[Category:Hidden vehicles]]

S.M.79 B

2024-05-23T08:31:33Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Italian bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = S.M.79 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sm_79_iar_italy
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was an Italian made medium bomber, serving in the Romanian air force. In 1936, Romania shown interest in the Italian Savoia-Marchetti 79 triple engined bomber, and asked the manufacturer if they could develop a twin engine version of it. The work on the aircraft finished in 1939, unlike the regular S.M.79, the S.M. 79B had two local built license versions of French Gnome-Rhône K14 radial engine, which also powered the Romanian IAR-80 fighter. The nose section was redisigned, with the typical hump housing forward facing 12.7 mm machine gun being removed and cockpit positioned above the fuselage, offering better all around view compared to the base S.M.79. The nose recieved a glazing increasing the bombardier´s view and a keel was slightly enlarged. Due to having two engines, the climb rate decreased aswell as speed compared to regular S.M.79. A total of 24 aircraft was ordered, later on another 80 were made locally by IAR, using the German Jumo 211 engines.

The S.M.79B has been introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]]. The bomb load of the twin-engined version is same as their triple-engined counterpart, however the S.M.79B is notably slower, with worse climb rate and no offensive weaponry. The aircraft have no weaponry to defend against frontal attacks, and the angles the defensive weaponry can fire around the aircraft are very bad. Only the dorsal 12.7 mm machine gun features very good vertical angle of fire. The aircraft features a very good horizontal and vertical manoeuverability due to its large elevator surface area, however the elevator stiffens above 390 km/h.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 425 || 413 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 36.2 || 37.3 || 3.9 || 3.9 || rowspan="2" | 580
|-
! Upgraded
| 466 || 445 || 33.9 || 35.0 || 8.4 || 5.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 457 || 428 || 280 || ~4 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 260 || < 270 || < 270 || > 307
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The plane has no armour and the pilot has no protection at all, making the pilot easily to knock out in head-on attacks. The fuel tanks are self-sealing and they are located close to the central airframe so you can take some shots on the wings and won't get on fire. There is no frontal gunner, leaving the bomber exposed to frontal attacks.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100 (100 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)|GP 500 (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 12 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (600 kg total)
* 12 x 100 kg GP 100 bombs (1,200 kg total)
* 5 x 250 kg GP 250 bombs (1,250 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg GP 500 bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Lewis (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, dorsal turret (500 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Lewis machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

It is a bomber with a decent climb rate for the BR, allowing you to easily get above fighters. In most scenarios, you will eventually be intercepted at the end of the battle. Try outrunning climbing enemy fighters at high altitude, since most fighters at the BR will see their performance drastically reduced at high altitude. If you face a interceptor like the MiG-3 or the P-38, it is better to turn back to base or seek allied cover.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Great bomb load making you capable of taking down 2 bases
* Decent speed for the BR and makes you capable to outrun an enemy climbing towards you

'''Cons:'''

* Really poor defensive armament
* Crew is easily knocked out

== History ==
Alessandro Marchettí was famous for creating record breaking and Schneider Trophy winning racing seaplanes, and was the Savoia (aka SIAI, Società Idrovolanti Alta Italia). In 1922 Marchettí joined Savoia to form one of the great aircraft companies in history, until merged in 1983. After the conclusion of the Schneider Trophy race (won by UK), the firm used its experience to build fast aircraft for civilian and military use.

You probably saw the very similar looking Italian S.81 in game, which was a militarized version of the successful S.73. The S.M.79 was new passenger version based on the planform of its predecessor; the most obvious difference was retractable landing gear. It was truly made first as a passenger version to compete with those being made by other countries. Needless to say, it immediately attracted attention of the Regina Italia and a bomber version was developed in parallel. For a few brief months it was considered the best transport and bomber in world and became a major point of pride in Fascist Italy and was sold to several countries in the years before WW2.

Unlike nearly every bomber in War Thunder (and even in WW2), it was built mainly of steel a wood! The fuselage was a common for time welded steel tube design, with entire rear half being covered in cloth and plywood. The crew area to nose was duralumin cladded (which is very similar to Hawker Hurricane’s construction). Most surprising the wings are completely wood! A major technical achievement for its size. During its production life several engines where tried, depending on power and reliability, one model even removing the nose engine.

To make the S.M.79 fast the wings are shorter than typical for its weight. To compensate for higher clean stall speed a number of advanced high lift devices were used to reduce stall speed for landing, being Handley-Page leading extending slats and drooping ailerons (also called “flaperons”) in conjunction with uncommon slotted flaps. After trying a few engines, the Alfa Romeo 126 was used on the prototypes for testing and the record breaking flights soon after. As with the S.M.73 / S.81, once again the Italian military wanted a bomber version and laid out proposed additions.

''Sparviero goes to war''

The spacious cabin was easy to install a set of bomb racks, all bombs mounted vertically (not unusual for time). While the S.81 had the bomb aimers position just behind the nose-mounted engine, the S.M.79 positioned it in a ventral “tub” well after of the bomb bay itself. Also unlike the S.81 this streamlined tub also became the location of the ventral defensive gun, usually a 12.7 mm Breda-SAFT MG instead of a turret. A streamlined dorsal mount was also installed for a rear firing 12.7 mm MG, and unusually for bombers a fixed, pilot fired forward mounted 12.7 mm MG, firing above the propeller disk. Both these streamlined protrusions could be closed to greatly minimize drag for a very high cruise speed, which the turreted S.81 could not. It was the prominent hump on its top that earned the nickname "il gobbo maledetto" ("damned hunchback"). Italy was open to export sales, and many countries purchased this top of line bomber to add to their forces.

From the high of the Spanish Civil War to the end of WW2, the Sparviero was the backbone of Italian bomber air forces and continued to do well over the vast stretches of the Mediterranean sea despite better allied defenses. Success was made despite high losses up to the Italian Armistice. They continued to be used in lesser roles on both sides of the conflict, and after the war were used for various duties by several nations for years later. Lebanon was the last operator who used them well in the 1950’s and are the last 2 remaining S.M.79 in world.

Romania wanted a 2-engine Gnome-Rhone version, which S.M. provided. The entire forward cockpit was rearranged, pilots in tandem, and a large glass nose for the bombardier, the original ventral location replaced with a streamlined front. The weight savings from one less engine and all its wires, tubes controls, and extra fuel tank offset most of the performance loss of one engine, however it was more vulnerable to damage and engine issues. Unsatisfied with the poor performing Gnome-Rhone engines, Romania had a number built with the Jumo 211 engine.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sm_79_iar_italy Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/428092-sm79b-romania/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer SM}}
{{Italy bombers}}

S.M.79 B (Germany)

2024-05-23T08:30:21Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = gift German bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = S.M.79 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=sm_79_iar
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_S.M.79_B.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was an Italian made medium bomber, serving in the Romanian air force. In 1936, Romania shown interest in the Italian Savoia-Marchetti 79 triple engined bomber, and asked the manufacturer if they could develop a twin engine version of it. The work on the aircraft finished in 1939, unlike the regular S.M.79, the S.M. 79B had two local built license versions of French Gnome-Rhône K14 radial engine, which also powered the Romanian IAR-80 fighter. The nose section was redisigned, with the typical hump housing forward facing 12.7 mm machine gun being removed and cockpit positioned above the fuselage, offering better all around view compared to the base S.M.79. The nose recieved a glazing increasing the bombardier´s view and a keel was slightly enlarged. Due to having two engines, the climb rate decreased aswell as speed compared to regular S.M.79. A total of 24 aircraft was ordered, later on another 80 were made locally by IAR, using the German Jumo 211 engines.

The S.M.79B has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27 in the German aviation tree. In [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]], the S.M.79, as well as the other Italian planes in the German tree, were moved to the new Italian tree. This variant is painted in Romanian markings. The bomb load of the twin-engined version is same as their triple-engined counterpart, however the S.M.79B is notably slower, with worse climb rate and no offensive weaponry. The aircraft have no weaponry to defend against frontal attacks, and the angles the defensive weaponry can fire around the aircraft are very bad. Only the dorsal 12.7 mm machine gun features very good vertical angle of fire. The aircraft features a very good horizontal and vertical manoeuverability due to its large elevator surface area, however the elevator stiffens above 390 km/h.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 3,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 424 || 413 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 36.6 || 37.3 || 3.0 || 3.9 || rowspan="2" | 580
|-
! Upgraded
| 467 || 445 || 33.5 || 35.0 || 10.1 || 5.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 457 || 428 || 280 || ~4 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 260 || < 270 || < 270 || > 307
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

* No armour plating
* No armour glazing
* Fuel tanks located in fuselage and wing roots

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|GP 50 (50 kg)|GP 100T (100 kg)|GP 250 (250 kg)|GP 500 (500 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 12 x 50 kg GP 50 bombs (600 kg total)
* 12 x 100 kg GP 100T bombs (1,200 kg total)
* 5 x 250 kg GP 250 bombs (1,250 kg total)
* 2 x 500 kg GP 500 bombs (1,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)|Lewis (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, dorsal turret (500 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine gun, ventral turret (500 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Lewis machine gun, 2 x beam turrets (500 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===
''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in the bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''
*

'''Cons:'''
* No forward-facing defensive armament

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
Twin-engine SIAI Savoia-Marchetti S.M.79B medium bomber.

During the pre-war period, SIAI actively tried to export the S.M.79. Alessandro Marchetti argued that twin-engine planes, not three-engine, would be best for export. So, in spite of the Royal Italian Air Force's rejection of the S.M.79B bomber project, he continued work in this area, developing a prototype.

The S.M.79B had a completely redesigned nose section. A glazed cabin for the bombardier/navigator was placed where the centrally located engine used to be. The cockpit, to improve visibility, was moved forward and raised. The dorsal "hump" was moved farther back. Also, the area of the keel was increased slightly.

The plane was powered by two 14-cylinder star-shaped air-cooled Gnome-Rhone 14Kfs engines with 950 hp and a metal three-bladed variable-pitch SIAI propeller.

The engines were placed in elongated engine nacelles, and the aeroplane was given a more streamlined design, which fully compensated for the reduction in total thrust.

The aircraft's defensive armament remained virtually unchanged: three heavy-calibre 12.7 mm Breda SAFAT machine guns, with 500 rounds per gun. One fixed machine gun was placed in the nose, and a second was located in the turret under the hump's sliding panel. The ventral gondola was now used only for a third gun, defending the plane from attacks from the lower rear.

The twin-engine S.M.79B was offered to Belgium, Brazil, China, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Turkey, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union. However, no orders from any of these countries were ever received.

In the spring of 1937, Iraq ordered five S.M.79Bs. The aircraft for Iraq were equipped with A.80 RC.41 engined with a takeoff power of 1,030 hp. The third, fourth, and fifth S.M.79Bs had larger cockpit windows. In early 1938, the Italian crews ferried the aircraft to the customer. All of these planes were eventually destroyed in 1941 during the rebellion in Iraq.

The largest order for the twin-engine S.M.79B was placed by the country of Romania. In autumn of 1937, the Romanians requested 24 of the aircraft equipped with IAR K14-II engines with a power of 900 hp. (A licensed version of the Gnome-Rhone engine, produced in Romania.)

When compared with the Iraqi planes, the Romanian version had several differences: the mobile 7.92 mm Browning FN machine gun with rotary magazine and 350 rounds of ammunition (mounted in the nose) and various equipment modifications. In 1938, these aircraft entered service with two squadrons of the Forţele Aeriene Regale ale Romaniei (Royal Romanian Air Force).
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=sm_79_iar Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/428092-sm79b-romania/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer SM}}
{{Germany bombers}}
[[Category:Hidden vehicles]]

T-72AV (TURMS-T)

2024-05-22T00:13:07Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Russian medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = T-72 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_t_72av_turms
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|StoreImage T-72AV (TURMS-T) 001.jpg|StoreImage T-72AV (TURMS-T) 002.jpg|StoreImage T-72AV (TURMS-T) 003.jpg|ArtImage_T-72AV_(TURMS-T).png}}
|store=9584
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a Syrian upgrade of the Russian export T-72M1 main battle tank. The tank was upgraded with the help of Italy, using components made by Italian companies such as the Gallileo TURMS-T fire control system. The upgrade itself equipped the tank with gen 2 thermal sights for gunner and commander, aswell as stabilized sights for both. Infrared cameras and new improved gun stabilizer was also installed. The new equipment also permitted the usage of 9M119 Refleks barrel launched ATGMs. 124 tanks were upgraded to this standard between 1998 and 2000.

The T-72AV (TURMS-T) was introduced in [[Update "New Power"]] as a pack premium. The T-72AV offers average mobility, paired with very slow vertical gun handling similar to the other T-72 series aswell as only -4 km/h reverse speed. While being less armoured than its T-72B counterpart and suffering from same mobility issues and poor reverse speed, the T-72AV have significant advantage over the T-72B as it is equipped with thermal sight for both gunner and commander, allowing for easier target acquisition. The powerful 3BM42 round is also present, making the T-72AV excellent sniper and second line vehicle, leaving brawling or pushing objectives to more armoured and mobile MBTs such as T-80B.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The T-72AV is a modernized version of the Soviet-made main battle tank T-72A. The CONTACT-1 ERA on the front of the turret is no longer directly mounted on it and is instead mounted on structural steel supports that form a slight arrow shape, it is also fitted with the TURMS-T fire control system.

'''Armour type:'''

*Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull)
*Cast homogeneous armour (Turret, Engine exhaust)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || '''Front glacis''' ''(Composite)'' (69°)

* 16 mm (Rolled homogeneous)
* 60 mm (Rolled homogeneous)
* 105 mm (Textolite)
* 50 mm (Rolled homogeneous)

{{annotation|80 mm|Estimated through calculation of effective thickness at angle.}}
(60°) ''Lower glacis''
| 70-80 mm (0°) ''Top'' 20 mm (32°) ''Bottom'' || 40 mm (0-60°) ''Top'' 40 mm (30°) ''Middle'' 20 mm (29-55°) ''Bottom'' || 30 mm (89°) ''Front'' 20 mm (88-90°) ''Engine deck'' 5 mm ''Engine grille''
|-
| Turret || '''Front''' ''(Composite)'' (1-76°)

* 75-140 mm (Cast homogeneous)
* 115 mm (Quartz core)
* 200-280 mm (Cast homogeneous)

150 - 400 mm (5-70°) ''Gun mantlet''
| 180 - 240 mm (0-69°) || 65 mm (1-89°) || 45 mm (66-86°) 30 mm (66-77°) ''Gunner and Ejection hatch'' 100 mm (90°) ''Commander's hatch''
|-
| Cupola || 40 mm (2°) || 40 mm (6°) || 40 mm (3°) || 40 mm (90°) 45 mm ''TURMS-T module''
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* CONTACT-1 ERA mounted on turret front, hull front and hull sides present 5 mm effective protection against kinetic energy munitions, while presenting 370 mm effective protection against chemical energy munitions.
* Belly armour of the {{PAGENAME}} is 20 mm thick.
* Tracks are 30 mm thick, while suspension wheels are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1209|rbMinHp=690}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A46 (125 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[2A46 (125 mm)|125 mm 2A46]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Autoloader
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 44 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+13° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 19.0 || 26.4 || 32.0 || 35.4 || 37.6 || rowspan="2" | 7.10
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 11.9 || 14.0 || 17.0 || 18.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:2A46 (125 mm)/Ammunition|3BK12M, 3OF26, 3BM22, 3BM42}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! Ammo part
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''44''' || ''Projectiles'' ''Propellants'' || 40 ''(+4)'' 40 ''(+4)'' || 29 ''(+15)'' 29 ''(+15)'' || 23 ''(+21)'' 23 ''(+21)'' || 1 ''(+43)'' 1 ''(+43)'' || No
|}
'''Notes''':
[[File:Ammoracks_T-72A.png|right|thumb|x450px|[[Ammo racks]] of the [[T-72A]] (identical).]]
* The {{PAGENAME}} uses two-piece ammunition, composed of propellant bags (orange) and projectiles (yellow). Both have separate racks.
* Shells are modelled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* A propellant charge remains in rack 2 after it is emptied and is later fired as part of rack 3. For the purpose of clarity, rack 2 is considered empty even if that charge is still present.
* Rack 4 (autoloader carrousel) is a first stage ammo rack containing 22 projectiles and 22 propellant charges.
** This rack gets filled first when loading up the tank and is also emptied first.
** As the {{PAGENAME}} is equipped with an autoloader, manual reloading of the gun is not possible.
** Once the autoloader magazine has been depleted, you can't shoot until the loader has restocked the autoloader with at least one shell. The restocking time is longer than the normal reload time of the gun. Take this into account when playing.
** Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1 to 3 into rack 4. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready rack.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|NSVT (12.7 mm)|PKT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[NSVT (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm NSVT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 300 (150) || 700 || -4°/+75° || ±180°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PKT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm PKT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,000 (250) || 700 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


The T-72AV (TURMS-T) is a Russian MBT that is the mainstay in long-range engagements as the cannon is accurate at long distances. The recommended combat tactics is to acquire targets from afar with the thermal imager, use the laser rangefinder to achieve a successful hit and engage from the greatest possible distance. Avoid short-range combat at all costs.

While brawling in this tank is workable, it is not ideal. That said, the best way to engage in close-distance or urban fighting will be in a support role. Allow your teammates to push for positions, and help finish off any tanks with which they have trouble. Remember that this tank has an exceedingly slow reverse speed, so your defensive reactivity is very poor. It is best not to be caught off guard, as you will typically lose any 1 on 1 engagement in which you do not fire first.

'''Fighting in a top rank environment'''

If up-tiered to a top rank lineup match, remember that this tank is perfectly capable of destroying most of the enemies it will face. However, it is imperative that you aim for the usual weak spots on the enemy tanks. Most weak points that other Russian high-rank MBTs (such as the T-80U) rely on will still penetrate, even with the technically inferior top APFSDS round. The difference will primarily be in consistency of damage. {{PAGENAME}} players will find themselves firing more than one round into an enemy to reliably destroy them compared to just a single shot in a better, higher-rank tank.

Common headaches will include the likes of the Challenger, Leclerc, and Leopard 2A6 (as well as its derivatives), which will be exceedingly difficult to destroy frontally. In cases such as this, it is best to flank, or pick a different route to the battlefield, as the {{PAGENAME}}'s armour is far too thin to stop top-rank APFSDS rounds effectively. Put simply, the {{PAGENAME}} has an effective gun, average mobility, poor reactivity, and poor survivability. A new player will struggle while using this tank in a top-rank lineup.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Has 2nd generation thermal sights for both the gunner and the commander
* Has a constant reload thanks to its autoloader
* Low profile, easy to hide
* ERA offers excellent protection against non-tandem ATGMs and HEAT rounds
* 3BM42 (Mango round) can penetrate most targets even at long range and in uptiers
* Has commander fire control, enabling the commander to return fire even if the gunner is killed
* Fuel tanks can absorb oncoming rounds

'''Cons:'''

* Kontakt-1 ERA offers no protection against kinetic rounds
* Only has 3 crew members
* Poor gun handling and gun depression; ill-suited to close range brawling and fighting on uneven terrain
* Very slow reverse speed
* Hull and turret armour can easily be penetrated by most rounds it faces especially in uptiers
* Sluggish mobility
* Slower reload compared to the opposition
* Does not have access to ATGMs
* Fight compartment is cramped likely to get knocked out
* Fuel tanks are prone to fuel explosions

== History ==

=== [[wt:en/news/6910-development-t-72av-turms-t-syrian-guard-en|Devblog]] ===
The T-72AV (TURMS-T) is a Soviet T-72AV tank modernized for the Syrian army. The TURMS fire control system, developed by the Italian company Officine Galileo, was previously used on C1 Ariete tanks. In the early 2000's, this fire control system was adopted for the T-72.

The system significantly improves the tank's vision capabilities, thanks to the commander's panoramic sight. It also features a high-quality thermal imaging gunner's sight, which allows the tank to effectively perform combat missions at night and in poor visibility conditions. By 2006, 122 TURMS kits were produced for the Syrian army.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_t_72av_turms Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 001.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 002.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 003.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 004.jpg
File:T-72AV TURMS WTWallpaper 005.jpg
T-72AV (TURMS-T) wide angle.jpg|T-72AV (TURMS-T) in Late Green Camouflage obtainable in-game
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|kVerE5W_kao|Premium Vehicles: T-72AV (TURMS-T) - War Thunder Wiki|pAXRsI9QB5A|'''Soviet Star: T-72AV TURMS Review''' - ''Sako Sniper''|X-tzo6wzwOw|'''The Syrian Beast - T-72A TURMS-T''' - ''JustinPlaysYT''}}

== See also ==


;Other Rank VI vehicles equipped with ERA protection

* [[M60A3 TTS]]
* [[T-69 II G]]
* [[CM11]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/6910-development-t-72av-turms-t-syrian-guard-en|[Devblog] T-72AV (TURMS-T): Syrian Guard]]

{{TankManufacturer Uralvagonzavod}}
{{USSR medium tanks}}
{{USSR premium ground vehicles}}

Ferdinand

2024-05-21T23:51:48Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_ferdinand
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' ([[Abbreviations#.28DE.29_Sd.Kfz._Index|Sd.Kfz. Index:]] '''Sd.Kfz. 184''') was a German heavy tank destroyer. The developement of Ferdinand sparked from the competition between Porsche and Henschel regarding the Tiger heavy tank. Porsche thought his prototype would be chosen over the Henschel one, so he decided to produce approximately 100 chassis of the VK 45.01 that would later become the Tiger I. However, Henschel prototype was chosen instead, and it was decided to use the already manufactured Porsche hulls as a base of a heavy tank destroyer, armed with the newly developed Krupp PaK 43 8,8 cm gun. The Ferdinand was designed to supplement light tank destroyers such as Marder III in offensive role. Due to the petrol-electric transmission used, the conversion was quite simple with the engines moving into the space forward in the hull where turret was previously installed. Behind the engines, a casemate was made, housing the gun and
four out of the six crew members. The engines had very high fuel consumption and the entire vehicle was plagued with reliability issues. However due to the very strong frontal armour, the Ferdinand had approximately 10:1 kill to loss ratiom highest of all tank destroyers used in the war. 91 examples were made, and they all saw action on the Eastern front at the Battle of Kursk and also in Italy. Usage at Kursk shown that the Ferdinand was vulnerable to infantry attacks due to no secondary armament, which lead to modifying of the remaining 48 surviving vehicles. The upgraded vehicles were renamed to Elefant.

The Ferdinand was introduced during the Closed Beta Test for Ground Forces before Update 1.41. The Ferdinand is armed with very powerful 8.8 cm cannon, allowing to destroy nearly any opponent at distance over 1 km, while the thick armour making the Ferdinand a very tough to penetrate from the front. However, the 200 mm frontal armour does not reach to the frontal turret cheeks which are only 80 mm thick. A hit into these will detonate the ammunition and cause fatal explosion. Due to its weight and size, Ferdinand is also not very mobile, it should be used as a sniper from behind ally tanks or to hold choke points as it can withstand direct frontal fire from majority of the enemies it sees in battles.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides (Slope angle) !! Rear (Slope angle) !! Roof (Slope angle)
|-
| Hull || 100 + 100 mm (6°) ''Front plate'' 80 mm (85°), 100 + 100 mm (35°) ''Front glacis'' 80, 100 mm (38-39°) ''Lower glacis'' || 80 mm || 80 mm (7-43°) ''Top'' 80 mm (5-62°) ''Bottom'' || 20 mm ''Hull roof'' 80 mm ''Engine deck''
|-
| Superstructure || 200 mm (20°) ''Casemate front'' 60 + 80 + 200 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 85 mm (28-29°) || 80 mm (20°) || 30 mm (87°)
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 25 mm thick and tracks are 30 mm thick.
* The hull roof is some part 20 mm thick in areas while it is 80 mm thick more in the center area.
* Belly armour is 20 mm thick.
* Hull underside right above tracks are 25 mm thick.
* 30 mm RHA plates separate the engine compartment from the front and rear crew compartments.
* A 30 mm RHA plate separates the driver and assistant driver.

The Ferdinand's front armour is superb with 100 + 100 mm on the largest spots, the front hull and casemate structure. However, these armour plates are not very angled so if in possession of a gun able to penetrate 200+ mm, there's a high chance it will penetrate Ferdinand's front.

If not, there are certain weak points in the front that could be used. The first are the side cheeks on the front hull, next to the 200 mm cumulative plates. These are only 80 mm thick and is angled so that they are ~120 mm effectiveness from the front. The lower glacis is also another 80 mm that provides ~120 mm effectiveness at their angle. These two points are nice weak points for weaker guns and other 88 mm guns.

The vehicle's long profile on the sides make it a very enticing target from a long distance. So it is very possible to flank the tank destroyer from its position and hit the tall casemate structure. With all the ammunition and 4/6 of the crew in there, there's a very good chance of crippling Ferdinand's fighting capabilities or igniting one of the ammunition racks.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=888|rbMinHp=553}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|PaK43 (88 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[PaK43 (88 mm)|88 mm PaK43]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 38 || rowspan="2" | -8°/+14° || rowspan="2" | ±14° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 7.0 || 9.8 || 11.8 || 13.1 || 13.9 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 4.8 || 5.6 || 6.8 || 7.5 || 8.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:PaK43 (88 mm)/Ammunition|PzGr 39/43, PzGr 40/43, Hl.Gr 39, Sprgr.43}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''38''' || 27 ''(+11)'' || 15 ''(+23)'' || 8 ''(+30)'' || 1 ''(+37)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.

== Usage in battles ==


The Ferdinand's natural role is as a long-range sniper thanks to its excellent firing range and frontal armour of more than 200 mm. Due to the frontal armour, this tank destroyer should always face the enemy to make use of it. Even though the Ferdinand is a heavy tank destroyer, it can rapidly drive backwards, which allows it to reposition more quickly than Red Army TDs like the SU-152 and ISU-152.

In a team, the Ferdinand acts as a heavy sniper, taking out enemies from afar while being almost immune to any tank shells. However, don't get too close to front-lines, since an enemy tank could slip through and flank the Ferdinand, which would put it in real danger.

Another possibility is as a front line brawler once most of the enemies have been cleared out. While it is not recommended, with flanking support of allies, the Ferdinand can venture further into enemy lines and take out everything that comes your way, but still watching for light tanks that will try to exploit the limited gun traverse to hit from the sides.

The most dangerous enemies of the Ferdinand are medium tanks and light tanks which can slip behind the Ferdinand since the back armour is weak. The Ferdinand has bad manoeuvrability and turning around is very slow.

IS-2 heavy tanks are a real threat to Ferdinand, as well as TD's of the same rank when firing sideways. Always face your armour frontally and take cover when possible.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* The armour is 200 mm thick on the front of the tank very few tanks can penetrate it
* Powerful 88 mm Pak gun with two loaders makes it able to destroy multiple targets in a short time
* Has the unique advantage of having its main gun mounted higher than other tank destroyers, can shoot over obstacles when others can't and can exploit tall hull-down positions
* Thanks to the transmission, Ferdinand can go backward as fast as it can go forward
* The transmission is rear-mounted, meaning a frontal penetration could still leave the tank in mobile condition
* Good natural steering
* Good optics for sniping
* 6 crew members make it difficult for opponents to knock it out
* Comes with a bicolour camouflage

'''Cons:'''

* The tank loses speed and momentum when turning
* The hull's thin cheek armour's effectiveness decreases when angling
* Lower glacis is vulnerable to enemy fire
* The front armour is not angled
* Slow due to its heavy weight
* Doesn't like hills and other obstacles
* Flat surface on top of tank underneath the gun is vulnerable if an enemy is above you
* Less effective in urban combat maps (easily outflanked)

== History ==

===Development===
During the program to create what will end up being the [[Tiger I (Family)|Tiger I]] tanks, Henschel and Porsche competed against each other for the contract to build the tanks. Porsche further developed their pre-existing 45-ton prototype, the [[VK 45.01 (P)]], while Henschel adapted their 36 ton prototype (VK 3601 H) to create the VK 4501 H. Henschel won the contract, but Porsche was extremely confident that their design would win that around 100 of the VK 4501 P chassis were already constructed. Since the design lost, it was determined to use the chassis for the basis of a new vehicle, namely a tank destroyer to mount the new and formidable [[PaK 43 (88 mm)|88 mm PaK 43 anti-tank gun]]. These new tank destroyers were then called the Ferdinand, after its designer Ferdinand Porsche.

The Ferdinand was a formidable tank destroyer design. Changes from the original VK 4501 P chassis was the movement of the engine towards the centre rather than the rear. The armour bolted onto the front plate gave the Ferdinand an armour thickness of 200 mm. Plus, with the 88 mm Pak 43 on a fixed casemate design, it could knock out any allied tanks before they could enter effective ranges against the Ferdinand. 91 of the VK 4501 P chassis were converted into the Ferdinand. The design was not without its flaw though, mostly concerned with the heavy weight of 65 tons and an unreliable engine with the gasoline-electric drive system. Two Maybach 12 cylinder HL120 TRM engines with 265 hp constant power output drove 2 generators which powered 2 Siemens-Schuckert electric motors with 230 kW power output. This resulted in a top speed of only 20 km/h and a very low operational range of only 150 km. Other lesser drawbacks were the lack of all-around vision ports and machine guns, which would be later addressed due to combat experience. Nevertheless, the engine and weight drawbacks would plague the Ferdinand design throughout its service life.

===Combat usage===
The Ferdinand's combat debut was in the Battle of Kursk, with 89 vehicles available. The Ferdinand was optimized for destroying Soviet tanks at long ranges (over 3 miles or 5 km) with its 88 mm PaK 43/2 L/71 gun. The Ferdinand's flaws came to light during their movement; after advancing through Soviet defence lines, the Soviet infantry quickly recognized that it lacked peripheral vision blocks, a rotating turret (like most World War II tank destroyers for Germany) and the Ferdinand didn't even have a machine gun for anti-infantry purposes. Soviet infantry could hide in their trenches until the Ferdinand advanced the lines, then take out the vehicle with grenades and Molotov cocktails. Heinz Guderian remarked that Ferdinand's anti-infantry capabilities were essential "quail shooting with cannons".

Though the Ferdinand has great armour and firepower, most of the knocked out Ferdinands were due to anti-tank mines and mechanical failure. Damages to tracks forced the tank crew to exit the vehicle and repair it, and the 65-ton weight of the vehicle made armour recovery a nightmarish job, requiring five Bergepanzer IV ([[Pz.IV G|Panzer IV]] armour recovery vehicle) to tow one from the front lines. More Ferdinands were destroyed by their own crew to prevent capture than to combat losses due to the inability to easily recover these vehicles in a defensive war where German territory is gradually lost to the Soviets. Despite these drawbacks, the Ferdinands were much feared among the Soviet tankers, as the Ferdinand produced horrific losses among the Soviet armour corps. During the Battle of Kursk, the 653rd Heavy Tank Battalion claimed to have knocked out 320 enemy tanks, with the loss of 13 Ferdinands.

After Kursk, all surviving Ferdinands were recalled in September 1943 to be modified, which fixed most of the previous flaws. 48 of the 50 survivors were modified with a hull-mounted machine gun, a commander's cupola, and anti-magnetic Zimmerit paste to counter Soviet magnetic mines. The armour and track width of the vehicle was also enlarged and brought Ferdinand's 65 tons weight up to 70 tons. These modified vehicles are designated the [[Elefant]]. One of the Ferdinands unable to be converted to an Elefant due to battle damages began to be converted into a Rammpanzer Tiger or Rammtiger which was to be a breakthrough vehicle, though there is no evidence that it was completed or saw service. The Elefants then served in the Italian front against the Western Allies, but its heavyweight impeded its mobility on the rough terrain and the use of bridges and roads. After Italy, the Elefants didn't see much use due to the low quantity. One company of Elefants saw action during the Soviet's January 1945 Vistula-Oder offensive in Poland, and the last few surviving vehicles were in combat at Zossen during the Battle of Berlin. The Ferdinand may have been the most successful tank destroyer employed during the entire war in terms of claimed kills per loss, reaching an average ratio of approximately 10:1. This ratio could be given thanks to the armour and firepower of the tank destroyer, but in terms of operational capabilities the poor mobility, mechanical unreliability, and low quantity of these vehicles meant it had little impact in the overall strategic effect in the war.

===Survivors===
Today, two of these tank destroyers are left in intact conditions today. One Ferdinand was captured by the Soviets at Kursk and is now in display at the Kubinka Tank Museum. Another one, an Elefant, was captured by the Americans at Anzio, Italy. It was displayed at the US Army Ordnance Museum at Fort Lee, Virginia for many years and was restored to display condition in 2007. Currently, it is being loaned to the Bovington Tank Museum and is in the new exhibit "Tiger Collection".<ref name="FerdinandTankMuseum">The Tank Museum. "THE TIGER COLLECTION – THE TANKS, THE TERROR & THE TRUTH." Tank Museum. N.p., 02 Nov. 2016. Web. 04 Nov. 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190221224112/https://www.tankmuseum.org//year-news/bovnews53673 Web Archive].</ref>

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Ferdinand self-propelled artillery gun was developed in 1942 to 1943 from the experimental VK 4501 (P) tank, which was developed by Porsche but never entered military service. In 1943, the company Alkett built 90 of these guns.

The gun's layout was quite unusual, with the crew compartment placed at the rear of the spacious cabin. The driver and radio operator were located in the front part of the cabin, and a direct connection between this compartment and the crew compartment was impossible due to heat-resistant metal partitions installed between the two compartments, where the engine and other equipment were located.

The Ferdinand was equipped with an 88 mm rifled 8,8 cm Stuk 43 gun with a long 71 caliber barrel. This gun was specially adapted to be mounted on the PaK 43 self-propelled anti-tank gun. The gun had excellent ballistics and at the time of its release was the strongest weapon available for tanks and self-propelled guns. Even until the end of the war, it could easily hit all types of armored vehicles. The vehicle's frontal armor had a thickness of 200 mm. Its total weight was 68 tons.

The self-propelled gun saw its first combat operation at the Kursk Bulge, as a part of the 653rd and 654th tank destroyer divisions. From July to November 1943, these divisions destroyed 582 Soviet tanks, losing 43 of their own vehicles in the process.

Serious shortcomings of this tank destroyed included its lack of machine guns for defense against infantry attacks, low speed and maneuverability, and low maximum range.

However, the German military valued the controllability and survivability of the vehicle's engine and transmission. A suspension with longitudinal torsion bars was much easier to maintain and repair when compared to a staggered torsion bar suspension, but it was very difficult to manufacture and less reliable in the field.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=germ_panzerjager_tiger_P_ferdinand Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|5E2X7q_tIgM|'''The Shooting Range #306''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:52 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|ExA9b4wexHE|'''The Shooting Range #249''' - ''Round Study'' section at 09:02 discusses how to penetrate the {{PAGENAME}}.|xF4-TcnyWw0|'''Best tank destroyers''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 0:53 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|FOAlC7KNfEc|'''Ferdinand: The Bastard Tiger''' - ''Military History Visualized''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/2769--en|[Historical] Paper Giants - the heavy tanks of Ferdinand Porsche]]
* [[wt:en/news/814--en|[Special] Ferdinand Porsche and his Tank Destroyer]]
* [[Wikipedia:Elefant|[Wikipedia] Elefant]]

=== References ===
<references />

{{Germany tank destroyers}}

Vickers Mk.1

2024-05-21T00:48:11Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Vickers MBT (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_vickers_mbt_mk_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British main battle tank developed as a private Vickers-Armstrong project intended for export. The developement began in the 1960s, using existing components or components currently under developement such as the Royal Ordnance L7 105 mm gun, Leyland L60 multi-fuel engine or FCS and transmission from the Chieftain main battle tank. In 1961 agreement was made with India to help the country develop and produce a tank, aswell as help with setting up the factory to aseemble it. The Vickers Mk.1 was made to be cheap, yet effective tank appealing to the less developed countries of the Africa or Middle East. First prototype was completed in 1963 and in 1964, one of the prototypes was sent to India, where a licensed copy of a Mk.1 called Vijayanta was produced, being a first indigenous Indian tank. 70 tanks were also sold to Kuwait, although these were modified for the desert environment including installation of tropical filters or one of the rear wheels being moved further back to decrease ground pressure for easier traversing of desert terrain.

The Vickers Mk.1 was introduced in [[Update 1.69 "Regia Aeronautica"]]. The Vickers Mk.1 can be utilized as a sniper vehicle due to its good gun depression and fast reload of 7.1 sec on aced crew. However the sight offers only 4.9-6.0x zoom, which hinders its long range performance. The mobiltiy of Vickers is average, and the turret armour is quite weak due to the flat gun mantlet and turret front. The hull however is angled at 60° offering moderate protection. The Vickers is best utilized as a second line vehicle, supporting more armoured allies in their effort to turn the tide of the battle to your side.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (Hull, Turret roof)
* Cast homogeneous armour (Turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 60 mm (56°) ''Front glacis'' 80 mm (32°) ''Lower glacis'' || 30 mm ''Top'' 30 + 4 mm ''Bottom'' || 20 mm (4-5°) ''Top'' 19 mm (58°) || 25 mm 5 mm ''Grills''
|-
| Turret || 80 mm (19°) ''Turret front'' 40-100 mm (1-73°) ''Gun mantlet'' || 40-60 mm (1-17°) || 40 mm (10°) 60 mm (1°) ''Turret ring'' || 25 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=942|rbMinHp=538}}

The tank has a mediocre off-road top speed of 32 km/h (20 mph) stock, yet can do -11 km/h (-7 mph) in reverse, so don't be afraid to duck back into cover. Suspension is quite strong on this tank, in AB a spaded {{PAGENAME}} can climb hills better than other vehicles. It can even tow other tanks up there if their suspension allows it.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)|105 mm Royal Ordnance L7A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 44 || rowspan="2" | -7°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 26.37 || 36.50 || 44.32 || 49.01 || 52.14 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 16.48 || 19.39 || 23.55 || 26.04 || 27.70
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)/Ammunition|Shot L28A1, Shell L35}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''44''' || 43 ''(+1)'' || 41 ''(+3)'' || 39 ''(+5)'' || 37 ''(+7)'' || 12 ''(+32)'' || 1 ''(+43)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Rack 6 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 11 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 6 - 1 - 2 - etc. until 5.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-5 into rack 6. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|L21A1 (12.7 mm)}}

The 12.7 mm L21A1 machine gun is specifically used to determine ranging for the main gun. While the game indicates a very short clip of 3 rounds, it is in fact more accurate to say that the MG only fires small bursts of 3 rounds. It is not fired alongside the other machine guns but through the "Fire from secondary guns" option (Controls > Ground Vehicles > Weaponry).

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L21A1 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm L21A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 600 (3) || 300 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}

{{main|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

Although it can be done with its excellent reload speed of 5-7 seconds (crew skill depending), mixing ranks with the enemy is ill advised: instead take upon a sniping role. Your gun has only two types of ammo, both stock so research is not required for enhanced destruction. That being said, the APDS is a potent weapon that has 302 mm of pen at 100 m, falling to 252 mm at 2,500 m: all ranges can be targeted, with enemies moving towards more manoeuvrability over armour in the high ranks. However, the rounds lack spalling potential, so the damage inflicted on a tank interior must be in the APDS direct path past the penetration. If you aim for the turret weak spots, the barrel or breech will be your most common hits, incurring 20-30 precious seconds of repair time. If for any reason you're forced to engage while exposed, attempt to disable the enemy's gun or gunner first, before utilizing the excellent reload time to finish the target off.

The HESH shell is a very different story. While this odd round has its uses, it's somewhat limited in effectiveness against many targets. HESH, which stands for High Explosive Squash Head, relies on this so called 'squash head' spreading as much as possible, creating a spalling effect within the targeted vehicle. This means that it's not particularly effective against thick armour; and it should rather be used against lightly-armoured targets or targets which rely on highly angled armour for survivability. Generally, Vickers tankers will learn to prefer their APDS round for most engagements, only resorting to HESH against select targets.

Some enemies that can be rough to deal with:

* The Lorraine 40t will bounce more shots than you care to admit, or your hits will do minor damage. Just out the nature of the reserved play style this tank likes, any fast tanks will be a problem due to their ability to close the gap as you attempt to reach your favourite position. Engine and transmission upgrades will lessen this, in time.
* All Soviet tanks are difficult to deal with, yet learning their weak spots will lead you to victory.
* German tanks are a problem due to their accuracy and fast reload times, however the cheeks of their turrets, especially the Tiger II, are prime targets for eagle-eyed gunners.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Stock APDS shell has very high penetration values
* APDS shell has a high muzzle velocity, offering a flat trajectory
* HESH ammunition is effective against lightly armoured vehicles
* Has a 12.7 mm L21A1 machine gun designed for range finding (same trajectory as HESH)
* Fast reload speed
* Above average reverse speed compared to some British tanks
* Excellent manoeuvrability, even over rough terrain

'''Cons:'''

* Poor armour, even lower ranked guns are quite a threat
* Depression of only -7° which is below average for British tanks
* Lack of ammunition choices, with access to APDS and HESH only
* APDS causes minimal post-penetration damage, meaning that destroying some vehicles can be a challenge
* Many SPAA vehicles can penetrate your sides or back
* The L21A1 machine gun has a very low fire rate (5 rounds/second) and only shoots low-penetration incendiary rounds

== History ==

The Vickers-Amstrong Company designed the Vickers Mk.1 in the sixties as a cheap and efficient variant of the Chieftain, ready to be exported. In 1961, India purchased the license for development, and Vickers-Armstrong helped to set up the factory. Over the course of its life, many variants were developed, including the Mk.2 and Mk.3. Later, Vickers Valiant(Mk.4) in 1977 and finally Mk.7 MBT. Currently, Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania are the foremost operators.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_vickers_mbt_mk_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|sbEOsa_3iBg|'''The Shooting Range #240''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:28 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Manufacturer Vickers-Armstrongs}}
{{Britain medium tanks}}

Vickers Mk.3

2024-05-21T00:23:47Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Vickers MBT (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_vickers_mbt_mk_3
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British main battle tank, developed from the previous Vickers MBT Mk.1 and Mk.2. It was last tank made by Vickers that saw export sales . The main difference between the Vickers Mk.1 and Mk.3 is the turret, where Mk.3 features cast turret front welded to armoured body aswell as cast mantlet offering better protection compared to the flat one found on Mk.1. The Mk.3 also have increased depression from -7° at Mk.1 to -10° for Mk.3. For increased accuracy, laser range finder from Chieftain was added as the 12.7 mm ranging machine gun was deemed inadequate for the ranges the tank was supposed to engage targets. Ammo stowage of the Mk-3 is also bigger compared to Mk.1 with space for additional six rounds for a total of 50. In 1977, Kenya was the first country to order the Vickers Mk.3, with 76 tanks and 7 armoured recovery vehicles based on the Vickers chassis. Between 1981 and 1990, Nigeria ordered another 136 tanks and 12 ARV together with 26 bridge laying tanks. Last customer ordering the Vickers Mk.3 was Tanzania with 4 ARV delivered in 1989. All the countries that ordered the tank still have it in service until today.

The Vickers Mk.3 was introduced in [[Update "Direct Hit"]]. Unlike its precedessor the Vickers Mk.1, the Mk.3 offers better ballistic protection of a turret, aswell as better gun depression allowing for easier position to hulldown. Unlike the Mk.1, the Mk.3 gains access to M456 shell oferring 400 mm CE penetration at all ranges againts targets where APDS would shatter or not penetrate. The Mk.3 also offers slightly better mobility due to 720 hp engine compared to the 608 hp engine found at Mk.1 while the weight increased only by 600kg. The Mk.3 also offers higher magnification optics compared to the Mk.1 although with fixed 10.0x zoom.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

The hull armour is weak and cannot be relied upon at this battle rating, while the turret can bounce some poorly shot shells due to its sharp angles towards its side. Getting to a hull down position and utilizing the tank's ability to retreat when a shot is fired or received is necessary to prevent getting shot and damaged. The turret houses 3 of the 4 crew members, meaning that a good shot (unless protected by the gun breech) will knock out all 3 crew members and send this vehicle back to the hangar.

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,116|rbMinHp=637}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)|105 mm Royal Ordnance L7A1]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 50 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 26.4 || 36.5 || 44.3 || 49.0 || 52.1 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.70 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 16.5 || 19.4 || 23.5 || 26.0 || 27.7
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Royal Ordnance L7A1 (105 mm)/Ammunition|M728, Shell L35, M456}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''50''' || 39 ''(+11)'' || 35 ''(+15)'' || 10 ''(+40)'' || 1 ''(+49)'' || No
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Shells are modeled individually and disappear after having been shot or loaded.
* Racks 1 and 2 deplete from left to right.
* Rack 4 is a first stage ammo rack. It totals 9 shells and gets filled first when loading up the tank.
* This rack is also emptied early: the rack depletion order at full capacity is: 4 - 1 - 2 - 3.
* Simply not firing when the gun is loaded will move ammo from racks 1-3 into rack 4. Firing will interrupt the restocking of the ready racks.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|L21A1 (12.7 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L21A1 (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm L21A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (3) || 300 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|L3A1 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Pintle || 2,000 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[L3A1 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm L3A1]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 3,000 (250) || 500 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


There are multiple ways to play this tank. The most common way is utilising your good acceleration and speed to get into key sniping points on the map. Here the use of your laser rangefinder can help you snipe up to 2 km effectively. For this role, APDS is recommended due to its higher velocity than the HEATFS shell and yet still have decent penetration. Use your first shot to make the enemy tank immobile and then finish them off as it is highly unlikely they shall be able to locate you at a distance, find the proper range (unless they they happen to also have laser rangefinders which is more likely in a uptier battle) and then shoot you. To snipe, it is also advised to go hull-down and use the 10* of gun depression to reduce the amount of area exposed to enemy fire. Although not comparable to other tanks at its BR, the reverse speed of 11 km/h is still decent to get out of sticky situations.

The Vickers Mk.3 can also be used in CQC and urban fighting maps as it has good mobility and turret traverse to be able to react to an enemy in different directions. The commander's machine gun on top of the turret can be used to mark targets for friendly players as well as be able to deter incoming planes or damage them.

A mixture of APDS and HEATFS shells are good as the APDS can reliably damage an enemy tank upon penetration due to its better post-penetration damage than the HEATFS shell. The HEATFS shell can be used in scenarios such as an uptier where the APDS shell may be too lacking for penetrating much better armoured tanks and MBTs

;Notable enemies and how to engage them:

* T-55: The UFP can be penetrated by the APDS shell. It is best to shoot the right side of this tanks when head-on as it will incapacitate the driver, gunner and commander, leading to the tank's destruction. Although the left side where the ammo and fuel is stored is still a viable option, it is inconsistent and may not cause the tank to get destroyed.
* M48/M60: The UFP can bounce the APDS shell when at shot at irregular angles, it is recommended to use the HEATFS shell or attempt to hit its ammo by shooting the LFP with APDS
* Leopard A1A1: Similar to all NATO tanks, the left side of the weak front hull can be shot and knock out 3 crew members, resulting in a death or aim for the lower hull side on the left to hit the ammo storage area.

;How to counter the Vickers Mk.3

* Aim for the left side of the hull in a head on to defeat the driver, gunner and commander.
* Aim for the lower left side to detonate the frontal ammo storage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Good mobility, including good reverse speed
* Equipped with a laser rangefinder
* Gun depression angle of -10°
* Gunsight with 10x zoom
* Access to a HEATFS shell
* Stock APDS shell retains good penetration at an angle

'''Cons:'''

* Poor and unreliable armour
* 10x zoom can be impractical while aiming at close targets
* The large ammo rack in the front is still present
* Small-calibre machine guns don't offer much penetration and the [[L21A1 (12.7 mm)|rangefinding 12.7 mm MG]] fires only tracer bullets that have low penetration power

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_vickers_mbt_mk_3 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7293-development-vickers-mk-3-handy-upgrades-en|[Devblog] Vickers Mk.3: handy upgrades]]

{{Manufacturer Vickers-Armstrongs}}
{{Britain medium tanks}}

Late 298D

2024-05-20T21:03:20Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=late_298d
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a French seaplane, designed as a torpedo bomber, in also took on the roles of a dive bomber and reconnaissance plane. In 1934. French Navy was seeking replacement for the unsucessful Late 29 that just entered service. Latécoère 298 first flew on 6th May 1936. It was a single- engined monoplane powered by Hispano Suiza 12Y liquid-cooled engine. Two large floats with each containing a fuel tank were attached to fuselage with struts. A single Type 1926DA torpedo could be carried between the floats or two 150 kg bombs or depth charges for anti-submarine duties. Offensive armament was made of two 7.5 mm Darne machine guns with one in each wing and one Darne on a flexible mount operated by observer. The Laté 298 entered service in 1938 with the French Navy Airforce. The Laté first saw action during the Battle of France where they were used in their maritime patrol aircraft role, although they never attacked any German ship. In the later phase of the war, they were used to attack armoured columns advancing through France with lower casualities than other types used. After the fall of France, Vichy regime retained few squadrons of the aircraft and used them mostly in Africa, while Luftwaffe used the captured examples. After the Allied landings in Africa, the Late was used by Free French under the Coastal Command in conjunction with Vickers Wellingtons for anti-submarine patrols. In 1944, they were used for the last time in combat during liberation of France, when attacking German shipping in the Channel. Last Laté 298 was retired in 1946, with some serving as trainers until 1950. No Laté 298 survived past 1950.

The Late 298D was introduced during [[Update "Apex Predators"]] as a reward for the [[wt:en/news/8021-event-winter-quest-en|2022 Winter Quest]] event. The Late 298D can be used as a fighter as it boasts very good manoeuvrability compared to its contemporaries, however it should be noted that the speed of the Late leaves much to be desired with almost every biplane being significantly faster. The plane itself can utilize boom and zoom tactics due to its very high limit of 450 km/h before the structural failure aswell as 320 km/h needed to rip off landing flaps. The armament is quite weak with only two rifle caliber machine guns with only 500 rpg. With the release of French bluewater navy, the Late 298D can also be used to capture points in naval battles as a subsidiary to currently non existing French coastal fleet.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 2,500 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 285 || 278 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.0 || 23.9 || 3.7 || 3.7 || rowspan="2" | 400
|-
! Upgraded
| 306 || 295 || 21.1 || 22.0 || 7.0 || 5.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 450  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 450 || 450 || 320 || ~10 || ~7
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < ___ || < ___ || < ___ || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Mle 33 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 7.5 mm Mle 33 machine guns, wing-mounted (500 rpg = 1,000 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G2 Navale (75 kg)|I2 Navale (150 kg)|1926DA (400 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance presets:

* Without load
* 2 x 75 kg G2 Navale bombs (150 kg total)
* 2 x 150 kg I2 Navale bombs (300 kg total)
* 1 x 400 mm 1926DA torpedo

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Mle 33 (7.5 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 7.5 mm Mle 33 machine gun, dorsal turret (825 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

Although classified as a light bomber, the Late 298D performs better as a fighter in air battles since the 2 x 150 kg I2 Navale bombs can only take out 3/4 of a base. Its torpedo doesn't come in handy because both air arcade and realistic maps rarely contain naval units.

The Late 298D can dogfight against multiple fighters at the same time and come out as the victor. The aircraft can out-turn its opponents with takeoff flaps, including biplanes. However, in dives, takeoff and landing flaps can generate so much lift that the aircraft starts to pitch up uncontrollably.

Its 2 x 7.5 mm machine guns are weak and require multiple rounds on target, but it can occasionally set planes ablaze. The dorsal turret machine gun is effective in engaging fighters behind the aircraft, since most planes at the BR are poorly armoured. Essentially, the Late 298D can both out-turn and engage enemy fighters from any position.

With the long awaited introduction of the French Navy in the patch "[[Update "Sky Guardians"|Sky Guardians]]", the value and utility of this aircraft in naval games has greatly increased with its ability to capture naval points and win matches. Make sure to include the Late 298D in all your naval line-ups.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 150 kg bombs are effective in taking out tanks in ground battles
* Can turn on a dime with flaps, can even out-turn some biplanes
* Can carry a torpedo, useful in naval games
* Can land and capture points in naval games

'''Cons:'''

* Slow speed means enemy planes can outrun you
* The torpedo finds limited use in Air Mission arcade and realistic battles due to the lack of naval targets
* A small hit to the engine or oil radiator means the aircraft has a very limited time to return to base before the engine overheats. Even AAA can cause this scenario to happen

== History ==


Built as a successor to their earlier lacklustre Latécoère 290 torpedo bomber float plane, the new 298 outperformed its predecessor by wide margins and offered more capabilities. Not fast, its large wings did give it more manoeuvrability, aided by full-span flaps. Torpedoes and bombs were mounted in a semi-recessed bay (also called a "crutch"), and 2 fixed 7.5 mm machine guns plus 1 more defensive mount at the rear, a potent arsenal for 1938's warplanes.

Like most French aircraft, its missions changed, first against the Germans, then with the Germans after France surrendered, then reverting to helping the Allies liberate France after French Africa joined the Allies. It proved to be one of the more successful French war planes, being in service until 1951, with a handful existing for years later. Unfortunately, no surviving examples of this fantastic French aircraft exist today.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=late_298d Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|_R2hJWPJ8fc|'''LATE 298D! The NEW PREMIUM French EVENT aircraft!''' - ''MatAWG''}}

== See also ==


;Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

* [[Ar 196 A-3]]
* [[He 51 B-2/H]]
* [[Ar 196 A-5 (Sweden)]]
* [[S17BS]]
* [[OS2U-1]]
* [[OS2U-3]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/8025-development-winter-event-vehicles-laté-298-en|[Devblog] Winter event vehicles: Laté 298]]

{{AirManufacturer Latecoere}}
{{France bombers}}
{{France premium aircraft}}

Yer-2 (ACh-30B) (l)

2024-05-20T20:43:20Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Soviet bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the Early version
| link-1 = Yer-2 (ACh-30B) (e)
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Yer-2 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=er-2_ach30b_late
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was the last produced model of the Yermolayev Yer-2 medium bomber developed for Soviet air force in 1940. The base of the Yer-2 was a prewar airliner Bartini Stal-7. V. Yermolayev appointed a chief designer of OKB-240 and was tasked with redesigning the Bartini into long-range bomber after the arrest of Bartini in February 1938. The prototype named DB-240 first flew on 14th May 1940, and was plagued with performance issues due to the experimental Klimov M-106 engines not being ready in time,so the less powerful M-105 were used instead. The armament was deemed inadequate and engine problems plagued the plane aswell as very long take off and landing run needed to get airborne. However the plane was able to carry 1000 kg of bombs on distance of 4100 km. So the plane was ordered into production at Factory No.18 in Voronezh as Yermolayev Yer-2. Only 128 were made before the factory changed its production to much needed Il-2 strike aircraft in August 1941. The developement of the Yer-2 continued with different engines without success until Charmoskiy ACh-30B diesel engines were tried. The diesel engines offered significantly lower fuel consuption at the expense of being much heavier than their gasoline powered versions. To install the engines, airframe aswell as wings had to be strenghtened, the offset cockpit was redesigned to conventional side by side configuration and dorsal turret armament changed from single 12.7 mm UBT machine gun to single 20 mm ShVAK cannon and nose and ventral 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns were changed for the 12.7 mm UBT. The Yer-2 ACh-30B was then ordered into production at Factory No. 39 in Irkutsk in December 1943. The Yer-2 remained in service until late 1940 when it was replaced by the Tu-4 in service.

The Yer-2 ACh-30B (late) has been in the game since the start of the Open Beta Test prior to Update 1.27. It can be distinguished from the [[Yer-2 (ACh-30B) (e)|early model]] by the widened cockpit. Unlike the preceeding variants of Yer-2s, the ACh-30B powered ones can carry additional 1000 kg bomb on external pylon, so their maximal bombload consists of 3x 1000 kg and 4x 500 kg bombs unlike the 2x 1000 kg and 4x 500 kg found on the previous versions. The defence armament was also strenghtened with the dorsal ShVAK cannon now posing significant threat to any attack aircraft.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The Yer-2's ACh-30B diesel engines were optimised for fuel economy and not pure performance. Thus, the ACh-30B-engined model is actually slower than the earlier M-105-engined models, especially because the diesel engines are significantly heavier than the earlier gasoline engines. The other aspects of its flight performance are unremarkable compared to other contemporary heavy bombers. It should also be kept in mind that the already poor flight performance is significantly degraded when carrying the maximum 5,000 kg payload.

The Yer-2 is also by no means an agile aircraft in the first place and the airframe will not tolerate much G-load, hence it is very ill-advised to make sudden control inputs with the aircraft unless playing in Arcade mode. In fact, the later diesel Yer-2 model has even lower structural G-tolerance than the [[Yer-2 (ACh-30B) (e)|early]] diesel-engined model.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 397 || 384 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 49.1 || 50.1 || 7.9 || 7.8 || rowspan="2" | 1,800
|-
! Upgraded
| 433 || 415 || 47.0 || 48.0 || 11.7 || 9.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 551  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 447 || 418 || 270 || ~3 || ~2
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 290 || < 300 || < 270 || > 330
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 15 mm steel plate behind the pilot
* 15 mm steel plate behind the co-pilot
* 15 mm steel plate in front of rear ball gunner

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Being a heavy strategic bomber, you should go for the bomb load upgrades first followed by turret 12 mm and 20 mm belts, as the ball ammo in the 12 mm belts is completely useless and the Berezin MG belts are loaded with incendiary rounds, increasing the chance of starting fires on attackers. The rest of the modules are up to the player, but the survivability modules are recommended to withstand the beating you will be getting by fighters and interceptors.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-100sv (100 kg)|FAB-250sv (250 kg)|FAB-500sv (500 kg)|FAB-1000 (1,000 kg)}}
{{main|BRAB-250 (250 kg)|BRAB-500 (500 kg)|BRAB-1000 (1,000 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 20 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 8 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 4 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 3 x 1,000 kg FAB-1000 bombs (3,000 kg total)
* 3 x 1,000 kg FAB-1000 bombs + 20 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (5,000 kg total)
* 3 x 1,000 kg FAB-1000 bombs + 8 x 250 kg FAB-250sv bombs (5,000 kg total)
* 3 x 1,000 kg FAB-1000 bombs + 4 x 500 kg FAB-500sv bombs (5,000 kg total)
* 8 x 250 kg BRAB-250 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 4 x 500 kg BRAB-500 bombs (2,000 kg total)
* 3 x 1,000 kg BRAB-1000 bombs (3,000 kg total)
* 3 x 1,000 kg BRAB-1000 bombs + 8 x 250 kg BRAB-250 bombs (5,000 kg total)
* 3 x 1,000 kg BRAB-1000 bombs + 4 x 500 kg BRAB-500 bombs (5,000 kg total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 20 mm ShVAK cannon, dorsal turret (200 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, nose turret (195 rpg)
* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, ventral turret (275 rpg)

== Usage in battles ==

The Yer-2 with diesel ACh-30B engines is the last traditional heavy bomber in the Soviet line-up until the [[Tu-4]], and it retains its previous models' strengths and weaknesses. The main draw of the diesel Yer-2s is the gigantic payload at its disposal (up to 5,000 kg), being the second best at the BR behind the British [[Lancaster B Mk I|Lancaster]]. However, the heavier diesel engines mean that it is actually slower than the earlier M-105-engined variants.

The airframe itself is not very durable, and with only two engines, the aircraft cannot maintain flight if one engine is knocked out. As such, it is best to avoid any form of engagement at all costs. The late model diesel Yer-2 has a side-by-side pilot cockpit arrangement, but is otherwise near identical to the early diesel Yer-2.

Carrying the maximum payload will also significantly degrade the already underwhelming flight performance of the Yer-2. Because of this, some careful planning is required in order to be able to carry the payload to its target:

* high altitude bomber: the Yer-2 can attempt to climb to high altitudes in order to avoid attracting attention, but this is hampered by the poor performance the Yer-2 offers above 4,000 m due to its engine not receiving enough oxygen. While the safest playstyle, it is definitely the slowest and most boring one. It is recommended to side climb at the start of a match to avoid confrontation and gain altitude quickly. Ideally, one should climb to around 6,000–6,500 m to avoid being noticed by fighters below (and getting a marker in Arcade and Realistic Battles), and so that the planes that do notice it will have trouble climbing there quickly. At this altitude, airfield AA defences are also not a threat.

* medium altitude bomber: alternatively, one can maintain around 3,000–4,000 m altitude and flank around the map towards bases. It is recommended to use this playstyle when the aircraft is fully upgraded, as there is a higher chance of being attacked by enemy fighters who see the Yer-2 as easy prey. It is highly recommended to avoid flying through the middle of the battlefield at all costs, as this is where most fighters tend to concentrate their attention on.

It is also important to note that the Yer-2 cannot spawn on airfields in Simulator Battles, as the take-off run is too long. It will thus be freshly spawned in the air at the very rear edge of the team's side of the map. However, if a successful landing is made on one of the airfields, the Yer-2 can be respawned in the air over that airfield instead.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Not controllable 1 gear || Auto controlled
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Massive payload.
* Relatively powerful defensive armament.
* Has two pilots for redundancy.

'''Cons:'''

* Very poor flight performance, especially with the maximum bomb load.
* Has only two engines, cannot sustain flight with only one engine working.
* Wings are massive, flimsy and littered with fuel tanks.
* Performance suffers significantly above 4,000 metres.
* Pilots are placed very close to each other.

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The command staff of the Long-Range Air Force (LRAF) proposed adding a second pilot to the Yer-2's crew, placing him next to the commander. This decision significantly reduced the workload imposed on pilots during long flights.

The pilot's cockpit now had two seats, and its appearance was completely changed. The pilots' chairs were located side by side (the commander's to the left and the co-pilot's to the right) under the improved canopy, which was now the classical type instead of the earlier asymmetrical version.

The navigator's station was shifted to the forward section of the fuselage. The elliptical outlines of the forward section common to the Yer-2 were now straightened, and the upper section of the navigator's cockpit was lowered. These improvements only barely influenced the plane's flight characteristics, but they noticeably improved visibility from the pilot's cockpit. The navigator's work with his sextant became easier, thanks to the transparent astrodome.

An OPB-2R sight was mounted instead of the PS-1 sight, resulting in the removal of its external fairing.

Yer-2 bombers with the new two-seat cockpit and the new navigator's cockpit were produced at Factory No. 39 beginning in August 1944. 101 aircraft were built. Production continued into 1945, with the number of planes reaching 241.

Yer-2 bombers built at the factory in Irkutsk entered service beginning in February 1944. Although these aircraft reached the front line when the war with Germany was almost over, they were used actively enough on the Northwestern and Baltic Fronts. Yer-2s made a significant contribution to the successful assault of the fortress city of Königsberg with their large-sized bombs.

Based on their combat experience, the various crews formed a generally favourable attitude towards the Yer-2, built with ACh-30B diesel engines. The pilots liked its comfortable cockpit with excellent visibility, powerful defensive armament, large bomb capacity, and strong airframe structure. The aircraft's high survivability was also noted. Yer-2s with diesel engines practically never caught fire, since kerosene was much more difficult to ignite than petrol.

Yer-2 bombers were withdrawn from service in 1946.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=er-2_ach30b_late Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==
''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''
* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Yermolaev}}
{{USSR bombers}}

I-16 type 27

2024-05-20T20:13:27Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Soviet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = I-16 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=i-16_type27
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Soviet fighter developed in the early 1930s. The I-16 was developed in the same time as its biplane contemporary I-15 also made by Polikarpov. It was the first low-wing cantilever monoplane fighter with retractable gear to reach operational status. The I-16 boasted superior manoeuverability aswell as speed compared to contemporary biplanes such as He 51 or C.R. 32 as was proven during the Spanish Civil war, however with the entry of Legion Condor, the I-16s were outclassed by Bf 109s. The I-16 type 27 is based on an type 17 but using M-62 engine instead of the M-25V engine. Otherwise it was similar to type 17 featuring the two ShKAS machine guns in the nose and two ShVAK cannons in wings and rubber tail wheel instead of skid. The I-16s served in Spanish Republican airforce, Soviet airforce and Chinaese Nationalist airforce.

The I-16 Type 27 was introduced in [[Update 1.39]]. It is one the final developments of the I-16, and it has the best set of weapons and ordnance available compared to the rest of the I-16s. The I-16 is very good for horizontal turnfighting being better than nearly all but few planes such as A6M series or Spitfires. The I-16 is quite heavily armed for a plane its size and is a formidable opponent. However the I-16 struggles to catch majority of its opponents aswell as low dive speed compared to contemporaries.

== General info ==
[[File:I-16 Type 27 Underview.png|thumb|The I-16 has a tendency to bleed speed when pulling sharp turns]]

=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The I-16 often falls behind other aircraft in the performance department. It has a poor top speed, coupled with a weak engine and poor high altitude performance, as well as poor energy retention. This makes the I-16 difficult to play when given the energy disadvantage. The I-16 however is the most manoeuvrable aircraft at its BR (save [[A6M (Family)|Zeros]]). The I-16 also has a great roll rate. One thing that is important to note is how the flaps behave. The I-16's flaps have only one setting, landing. Deployed flaps will rip above 200 km/h, and create excess drag. Don't try to use them in a dogfight, they won't be much help and they will most likely rip off. The gear also takes a long time to deploy, since it is hand-cranked.

The plane excels at low altitudes, like most Soviet aircraft. Dogfighting at high altitudes will result in you stalling out. Try to take on most fighters below 4,000 m.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 2,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 442 || 425 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 17.3 || 17.9 || 13.8 || 13.8 || rowspan="2" | 272
|-
! Upgraded
| 490 || 463 || 16.1 || 16.5 || 23.6 || 18.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 700  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~16 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 300 || < 240 || < 280 || > 190
|-
|}

[[File:I-16 Type 27 cockpit.png|thumb|The I-16's unarmored and exposed cockpit]]

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 8.5 mm Steel plate on pilot's seat.

The armour will not save you. The I-16 has a weak and small airframe, so any shot is capable of severely crippling it. It is also worth noting that the I-16 has no canopy for the cockpit. The plane is not survivable in the least. However, you can make it so your plane never gets hit in the first place. Since your plane is small, pull evasive loops and turns to avoid enemy fire.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}
The upgraded ShVAK machine guns will be of utmost importance. These machine guns tend to jam up frequently, so prioritise them. As for the performance modifications, focus on the compressor, wings repair, engine, and engine injection. Research the bomb and rocket options last, or alternatively, if you use the plane in mixed battles, research the bombs first.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
[[File:I-16 Type 27 wingview.png|thumb|The I-16's powerful ShVAK cannons make short work of enemy fighters.]]

=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)|ShKAS (7.62 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, wing-mounted (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 2 x 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns, nose-mounted (650 rpg = 1,300 total)

The ShKAS machine guns have a great rate of fire, the trade-off being that they jam quickly. Only use the guns in short bursts, to ensure they won't jam. The ShVAK cannons are the early models, meaning they have regular Tracer rounds. Select Air Targets belts for good results.
[[File:I-16 Type 27 bomb.png|thumb|The 100 kg bombs strapped under the fuselage of the I-16]]

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-50sv (50 kg)|FAB-100sv (100 kg)|RS-82|RBS-82}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (200 kg total)
* 2 x 50 kg FAB-50sv bombs (100 kg total)
* 6 x RS-82 rockets
* 6 x RBS-82 rockets

The I-16 has good payload options for its BR and size. The bombs can kill pretty much anything if accurately dropped. The RBS-82 rockets are also capable of killing medium tanks if they are directly hit.

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:I-16 Type 27 hit by flak.png|thumb|The I-16 gets hit by an airburst flak shell.]]
[[File:I-16 Type 27 from top.png|thumb|A beautiful I-16 flyby]]
'''Realistic''':
[[File:I-16 Type 27 Scenic1.png|thumb|A damaged I-16 combusts]]
In realistic battles this I-16 shares a similar playstyle as its predecessors, which is turnfighting. Start off the match by climbing between 10-17 degrees to gain altitude. Although this is not a real BnZ fighter, getting some altitude will still grant you many opportunities.

Your biggest threat when flying the I-16 comes from pretty much any fighter aircraft at this BR, since they all have a significant top speed/climb rate advantage (such as Ki-43 and Bf 109 F). A common scenario you will encounter is, you will see those planes higher than you before an engagement due to your inferior climb rate. They will always try to BnZ you, while your only effective tactic is to evade their dives and bleed their energy. Bank towards your teammates and keep climbing with WEP. As the enemy starts diving on you, wait until the distance closes to ~0.9 km, then use your great roll rate and turn rate, suddenly roll to one side and dodge under the attacker. This will usually force them to either shoot at an awkward position and miss (usually), or they will straight up relinquish the pass and pull up. Some enemies might lose patience after a few successful dodges and chase you rather than zooming away to try and destroy you. Now again utilise your agility to perform horizontal manoeuvres such as scissors, in a combination of short vertical movements such as Immelmanns and chandelles, to force an overshoot or to get on their tail. With careful aiming, the pair of ShVAK cannons will quickly destroy a fighter.
[[File:I-16 Type 27 USer Skin.png|thumb|The I-16 sporting a custom camouflage]]
Remember to always avoid head-ons when playing this aircraft - it's super fragile, you can often get knocked out quickly by the heavy-armed aircraft at this BR, such as the Bf 109 E-4 and P-40 variants. Due to the lack of engine horse-power at high altitude, always try to engage enemy aircraft below 4,000 m, and so not toggle flaps over 200 km/h, because they will typically rip off at those speeds. Also, do not try to out-dive any monoplane as the I-16's light weight means that it is relatively slow at building up speed in a dive and also causes it to have lacklustre energy retention. However some short dives will gather you speed for more manoeuvres, or drag enemy BnZ planes to the deck. Once they are low, it is rather easy to outmanoeuvre them.

When confronting slower but more manoeuvrable planes such as Ki-27, energy tactics like BnZ are to be favoured over turning and burning. When you do not have altitude advantage over the Ki-27, the use of rolls is the most desired if not a nigh obligatory form of evasion. There is minimal chance to turn out or outrun the Ki-27, but you can out-roll it, particularly at high speeds. On the other hand, zoom climbs are a bit of a mixed bag. While the I-16 sometimes can get away with it through its superior power-to-weight ratio, the Ki-27 has a much lower stall speed which sometimes allows it to stay all the way through the zoom climb with I-16.

The I-16 is not a very effective interceptor, not being much faster than most monoplane bombers in its rank while having both a rather weak armament and protection.
[[File:I-16 Type 27 on ground.png|thumb|The I-16 sitting on an airfield]]
'''Simulator:'''
[[File:I-16 Type 27 Cammo.png|thumb|]]
The I-16 can be used in turnfighting, bomber intercepting and ground pounding. However in this mode, its characteristics appear to be quite conflicting. It is excellent in turning tightly and continuously, yet when manoeuvring it easily gets into uncontrollable spins which isn't beginner friendly. Also the rather big nose blocks the visibility a lot, offering very poor over-the-nose visibility which is a disadvantage in a turn fight, because when leading a shot the enemy will always get obstructed by the engine, making the player guess the shot. More ever, there is no trim control available in a sim battle and the I-16 always pitch up and down. Although not a lot, it is still annoying when trying to get a precise aim.

It is recommended to set the convergence within 300 m, with vertical convergence on, because the majority of turnfights happen at that range or closer.

Unlike realistic, sim requires long-range flying so discard the habit of bringing the least fuel. Bring at least 30 minutes of fuel, although it decreases the plane's performance a bit, it prevents constant refueling which saves time for patrolling and fighting.
[[File:I-16 Type 27 underview rockets.png|thumb|The I-16 armed with powerful AP rockets]]
As your I-16 roars down the runway, you will notice that it shifts severely to the side, and the nose will tip down. If you don't correct it the propeller will eventually strike the ground, causing a failed takeoff. Thus you must put rudder input as opposed to the side it's shifting towards, and apply positive pitch to keep the propeller off the ground. You do not want to use flaps anywhere except takeoff and landing, since they are very weak and will rip at more than 260 km/h, while the average speed during a battle tends to be around 300 km/h. Once one or both flaps are gone it creates an imbalance in the roll axis, making spins more common. It also makes landing harder.

Before engaging a fight, it is better to have an altitude advantage first. When approaching the fight try to figure out which is your teammate and which is the enemy, to avoid going for a second pass, as the energy retention of the I-16 is rather slow. Also pick your target carefully. For easier aiming, you want to go for those unmanoeuvrable twin engine aircraft like [[Ju 88 (Family)|Ju 88]] or [[Ki-45 (Family)|Ki-45]], or bombers if there are any. Given the bad forward visibility of the I-16, these are the best options as they are quite slow and sluggish, and are a bigger target to hit. When dealing with fighters, it is way harder to aim. The elevator control of the I-16 is extremely sensitive, giving it good manoeuvrability, but at the same time, bad handling. The I-16 will respond in a very fast turn upon moving your stick / mouse by a little bit, which makes tracking nimble planes quite hard. But once you get used to it, try to lure every enemy into a turnfight, as that is where the I-16 shines. Several hits with the ShVAK cannon will effectively damage the enemy. If you find an enemy at your 6, utilise your great roll rate to do defensive manoeuvres like scissors to make them overshoot. Or you can simply do tight turns, most monoplanes won't be able to cut inside your turn and they might disengage. Important note: Do not put too much rolling and pitching input at once, as the I-16 tends to enter spins easily.

If you are not very experienced in sim, you can also go for even bigger targets (bombers) for easier aiming. However you want to be more careful when hunting bombers, since with the Sim control (whether it be mouse joystick or a real stick) the plane will manoeuvre much more gently, making itself a great target for the bomber's gunners. DO NOT follow behind a bomber's 6 unless you are sure that its tail gunners are unconscious. Chasing behind a bomber makes yourself stationary for the tail gunners, and you will be showered with bullets. Your big radial engine will usually get damaged. Instead, before attacking, get an altitude advantage over the bomber by flying around 2 km above it. The bomber should only fill up about 1/6 of your gunsight. The best position for an attack is at the bomber's high 6 so you can adjust the lead much easier. Dive at the bomber, but not directly at it, try to predict where you two will crash by imagining yourself as a missile, that's where you should aim at (deflection shooting). To maximise the damage it is better to aim for their wings and engines, as the fuselage usually soaks up quite some bullets. Only fire when the bomber passes in front of your guns. This short window might seem inadequate to do anything, but with a accurate burst on the engine the twin ShVAK can deal quite a bit of damage. Without an engine most bombers cannot go far.

Although ground pounding ability is limited, there are still bombs and rockets to choose from. The 2 bombs can effectively destroy pillboxes or tanks while the rockets, with accurate aiming, can destroy 3 targets. Once the suspended armaments are gone, use the 2 MGs for soft targets like trucks, artillery and AA cars. Save the ammo for the ShVAK in case of an unwanted dogfight.

Just like the SB 2M, the I-16 can still fly when it's extremely slow, causing it to bounce up during landing which can lead to a fatal crash. The trick is similar: slow it down more than other aircraft. Make sure you are around 1 km from the start of the runway and is no more than 300 m high. When the runway fills up your gunsight, drop speed to around 210 km/h and deploy landing flaps. The good thing is, the I-16 will not pitch up drastically upon using its flaps so you don't need to counter the extra lift. Make sure that you extend landing gears early as they move very slow (takes around 15 seconds to deploy). When you are about to touch down you should be flying at around 140 km/h. You must control the rate of descent (I-16's gears are fragile) and make sure that you are slightly pitching upwards with the nose obstructing the horizon. This way the I-16 should land gently without having to brake for too long. Once you are sliding on the ground, fully deflect your elevators upwards to counter the momentum that can push the nose into the ground. You must release brakes once every 4 seconds, because if you only release them as the nose dips down, it's too late.

'''Enemies worth noting:'''

[[Ki-27 otsu|Ki-27]], [[N1K1]], [[He 51 (Family)|He 51]], [[Gladiator (Family)|Gladiator]], etc. - Those commonly seen planes are equally good at turnfights and will be a hard target to down since they are very small and agile. To deal with them you need to practice leading and deflection shots, plus manoeuvres like barrel rolls and scissors. They are easily damaged by your ShVAK.

[[He 111 H-6]] - This bomber is not only quite durable, but also pretty fast. In level flight it can outrun the I-16 rather easily. Avoid being on its 6 as it will have at least 2 x 7.92 mm MGs facing its tail, and their rapid rate of fire and good penetration is a big threat. Either go for a head-on or use deflection shooting and aim for its engines. If you cannot keep up with it, disengage. If it flies way higher than you, change your target.

[[Sunderland Mk IIIa]] - This flying boat is like a low-tier [[Be-6]]. Its huge fuselage is very spacious and can absorb lots of bullets and shells. It also has lethal defensive firepower: two 7.7 mm in the nose, four forward-facing, two on the top and four at the tail, so attacking from behind, in front or above aren't the best options. Dive under it and suddenly pull up to shoot its defenseless underpart. Aim at the large wings and engines, avoid shooting the fuselage.

[[He 100 D-1]], [[Bf 109 E-1]] / F, [[A6M2]] - These planes might not be able to out-turn the I-16, but they can easily outrun it as the I-16 is very slow. These fighters will usually BnZ you, so you must constantly look above and behind you. If they are diving on you, do what you do in realistic: use your roll rate and dodge under their negative G areas. Most players will try to follow up, if not immediately losing track of you. Several dodges might make them impatient and if they really start to turn with you, they are already dead.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent turning ability- with combat flaps deployed it can out-turn any Bf 109, Fw 190 A and even turnfighters like the [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]]
* Extreme roll rate allows it to do offensive / defensive scissors easily, which is an advantage over Bf 109 and [[Spitfire (Family)|Spitfire]] as their roll rate aren't as good
* Twin ShVAK cannons have good rate of fire, adequate velocity and accuracy, and 150 RPG capacity allows for reasonably long engagements
* Suspended armament provides rockets and bombs which, to an extent, allows some ground attack ability
* Is a very short and small plane, offering the enemy a harder target to hit
* Has two ShKAS machine guns with great rate of fire to complement the cannons.

'''Cons:'''

* Extremely poor level speed, climb rate, dive acceleration and energy retention- will get outran, out-climbed and out-dived easily by Bf 109 E / F, Fw 190 A or [[A6M2]]
* Engine tends to overheat when diving at more than 500 km/h
* Control surfaces are unresponsive over 450 km/h
* Flaps are very weak and will break over 250 km/h, severely limiting its sharp-turning potential at higher speeds
* Hard to fly in SB -- very unstable in pitch, no manual trim controls, poor over-the-nose visibility and is prone to enter flat spins
* Uses early ShVAKs that have a lot of poor quality HEF-I rounds
* Although it's manoeuvrable, it can still be out-turned by some Japanese turnfighters

== History ==

During the Spanish Civil War, the I-16 Type 27 saw extensive service with the Republican forces. Soviet pilots and aircraft mechanics arrived in Spain in October 1936, and by the end of the year, a group of Soviet volunteers was formed, which became known as the "Chapaev Squadron." The I-16 Type 27 was used by this squadron and was instrumental in several key engagements during the conflict, including the Battle of Jarama and the Battle of Brunete.

In World War II, the I-16 Type 27 was used by the Soviet Union during the early stages of the conflict but was quickly replaced by newer and more advanced fighter aircraft. However, the aircraft continued to be used in a variety of roles, including reconnaissance and ground attack.

{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
A single-seat cantilever monoplane with a composite construction and retractable landing gear.

The I-16 Type 27 is a variation of the I-16 Type 18 fighter equipped with an M-62 engine and the same wing-mounted cannon armament as on the I-16 Type 17, which was created based on the I-16 Type 10 in the same way.

The I-16 Type 27 was powered by the 9-cylinder air-cooled Shvetsov M-62 radial engine with a rated output of 800 hp. The engine possessed a double-speed central-drive supercharger which increased its altitude limit. The plane was equipped with the AV-1 variable-pitch propeller with a larger propeller spinner.

One important alteration was the installation of a rubber self-sealing cover on the fuel tank. This prevented fuel leaks caused by small arms fire.

The I-16 Type 27's armament consisted of two 20 mm rapid-firing Shpitalny-Vladimirov ShVAK aviation cannons with 150 shells each. The cannons were located in the wing's central section outside the propeller interference zone. The fuselage housed a portion of the cannons' ammunition. The cannons were fed by tubes located behind the fuselage's first former and running across the central wing section along a forward longeron.

Two more synchronized ShKAS cannons were installed under nacelles in the fuselage above the engine. They had 650 rounds each.

The new cannons led to an increase in the airplane's weight and a corresponding reduction in its flight characteristics. For this reason, although the I-16 Type 27 was capable of aerial combat, it was mainly used to attack ground targets or as an interceptor.

The I-16 Type 27 was produced in small numbers in 1939. Only 59 were built in total. It saw limited use in the first stage of the Great Patriotic War, primarily as an attack aircraft.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=i-16_type27 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:I-16 Type 27 Flight.png|The I-16 firing its guns
File:I-16 Type 27 Scenic 2.png|The I-16 flies over a capture point, armed with six rockets
File:I-16 Type 27 Horizontal view.png|I-16 on the ground
File:I-16 Type 27 fuselage.png|I-16 strafing ground units
</gallery>

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[I-16 (Family)]]
* [[I-15 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/520555-i-16-type-18-27/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Polikarpov}}
{{USSR fighters}}

Ta 154 A-1

2024-05-20T17:10:14Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ta_154a_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a German twin-engined interceptor and night fighter built in small numbers for the Luftwaffe. The plane recieved its nickname from the British De Havilland Mosquito fighter-bomber as it was supposed to be fast and made mainly from wood just like its British counterpart. The developement of the Moskito started on personal request of Generalfeldmarschall Erhard Milch, the State secretary of RLM. The Moskito caused a fight between Milch, RLM and Ernst Heinkel, as all but Milch prefered the He 219 Uhu to be accepted into service, meanwhile Milch tried to terminate the whole He 219 program. On July 1st 1943, the first prototype achieved speed of 700 km/h, although with no armament and radar installed making it faster than Ju 388 and He 219 it was tested alongside. The third prototype was the first one carrying armament, and the weight of guns and drag from its radar made it slower by 75 km/h than the first prototype, but still faster than the He 219. A series of 15 planes simillar to the V3 prototype was made and accepted into service as Ta 154 A-0. By June 1944 a series of 154 Ta 154 A-1 equipped with Jumo 213 instead of the Jumo 211R used in A-0 was manufactured. Howeverm prior to delivery, the factory producing glue for the aiframes was bombed by RAF and different glue had to be sourced. The replacement glue was found to react corrosively to the airframe and caused several catastrophic accidents of the Ta 154 and caused delay in He 162 program aswell. The Ta 154 project was cancelled by RLM in Sepetember 1944 with about 50 completed aircraft with unknown number serving with Nachtjageschwader 3 and few used for training of a pilots.

The Ta-154 A-1 was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]] as a part of the [[Affiliate_Program_Revenue_Share|revenue share program]] and was created by Vitaly "NovA29R" Vostokov (model) and Michael "__StrafeMike__" Ioannidis (texture). The Ta 154 A-1 has very powerful frontal armament, placed in the fuselage, which can give you quick and easy kills. Unfortunately, it doesn't turn very well at low speeds so it is recommended to keep your speed up and Boom & Zoom. Turning should be a last resort. If you try to get an edge in a turn-fight using your flaps, you should watch your speed as your flaps can break off very easily at speeds above 450 km/h (279 mph). The roll-rate of the Ta 154 is almost as good as the Fw 190's roll-rate, this is due to the fact that there are no fuel tanks in the wings. This advantage can and should most definitely be used when flying evasively but when at low altitude, do periodically check what's in front of you.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,700 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 634 || 615 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.3 || 25.2 || 12.7 || 12.7 || rowspan="2" | 560
|-
! Upgraded
| 693 || 659 || 21.8 || 23.0 || 20.5 || 16.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 787  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 463 || 441 || 330 || ~8 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 420 || < 420 || < 460 || > 324
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 12 mm Steel - Front cockpit plate
* 10 mm Steel - Instrument panel - central plate
* 8 mm Steel - Instrument panel - side plates
* 10 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
* 10 mm Steel - Rear cockpit armour plate
* 50 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windshield (centre window)
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windshield (side windows)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)|MG 151 (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 30 mm MK 108 cannons, fuselage-mounted (110 rpg = 220 total)
* 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, fuselage-mounted (200 rpg = 400 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Ta 154 A-1 is best played either as a boom-and-zoom fighter or as a bomber interceptor. At the start of a battle, climbing is recommended. From there, you can either go after lone bombers or dive on unsuspecting fighters below you.

Beware of fighters such as P-47s, P-51s, Yaks, Spitfires, and J2Ms as they can outclimb you, and therefore can have an altitude advantage over you. In terms of bombers, notable targets include B-17s, B-24s and Lancasters: all these bombers are more than capable of defending themselves with their numerous turrets.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

[[File:FighterImage_Ta154.JPG|300px|thumbnail|right|Ta 154 A-1 in action in War Thunder]]

'''MEC usage guide'''

The overheating issues on the plane can be remedied with manual engine controls

* '''Prop pitch''' - Set to 90% and leave it there. Do not set it lower than 90% as it will result in noticeable performance loss. Unlike most German aircraft, the Ta-154 uses a constant speed propeller and there is no risk of overrevving the engine.
* '''Radiator''' - Varies with map. On cold maps (Smolensk, snow-covered maps) 15% should be enough to keep WEP on permanently. On summer maps keep the radiator around 50%. On hot maps (Spain, Sicily) values above 80% might be required to sustain WEP for long periods of time.
* '''Supercharger''' - The optimal supercharger gear switch altitude is 3,500 m, although it can vary slightly depending on map and airspeed.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Exceptional armament (with decent ammunition count)
* Heavy armour and nose mounted 2 x 20 mm and 2 x 30 mm cannons are the perfect combo for head-on attacks
* Manoeuvrability is sufficient to keep up with other heavy fighters and heavier American single engine fighters
* Absurdly durable airframe and cockpit (Engines are often destroyed long before the wings or pilot are lost)
* Can operate on a single engine (enough to get back to the airfield)
* Decent climb rate
* Interceptor spawn, will gain altitude much faster than its opponents
* Exceptional speed in a straight line
* Low wing load gives the plane a good turn rate at higher speeds
* Exceptional roll rate
* Excellent bomber interceptor
* Fear factor: Many Allied pilots who would normally go head on will break off from a head-on engagement, allowing you to either extend and make another pass or shoot him down if they pulls up or rolls to dodge
* Excellent glide ratio owing to wooden construction and low wing loading

'''Cons:'''

* Flaps break off easily at speeds above 450 km/h (279 mph)
* Varying muzzle velocity of the Mk 108 and MG 151 cannons makes long range shooting difficult
* Turns horribly at low speeds
* Can fly on 1 engine but only around 300 km/h (186 mph)
* Landing gears are very sensitive and will break when landing at speeds above 240 km/h (150 mph)
* Prolonged WEP can lead to engine problems, using manual engine control is highly recommended with this aircraft
* A rather large target
* Weak suspension on landing gear, watch descent rate closely
* Tail likes to fall off during belly landings, belly land only as a last resort
* Easy to over G at high speeds due to wooden construction
* Sensitive engines, will overheat quickly if radiators are punctured
* Occasionally can be pilot sniped in a head-on or by gunners through the thin plate behind the nose
* Elevator compression becomes severe past 660 km/h (410 mph), requiring a lot of room to pull out of a steep, high speed dive to avoid crashing into the ground

== History ==

[[File:Squadron of Ta-154.jpg|thumb|Squadron of Ta-154]]
The Ta-154 was a fast twin-engine German interceptor/night fighter created and developed by renowned aircraft designer Kurt Tank during World War 2. It was eventually cancelled as it was to complicated to build for war-torn Nazi Germany.

The origins of the Ta-154 dated back to the late 1930s when Kurt Tank and his engineers were working on a twin-engined medium bomber called the Ta-211. It was planned to be made out of plywood bonded with a special chemical called Tego film. Only the pressurized cockpit would be made out of metal. The aircraft was supposed to use the Jumo 211r engine (which was why the Ta-211 had the number 211) but was instead fitted with the more powerful Jumo 213 engine when Junkers could not produce the Jumo 211r in time. The aircraft's serial number was changed to 8-154 and it was given the name Moskito as a tribute to the RAF's Dh.98 Mosquito.

The Ta-154V1 prototype made its first flight on July 1st, 1943 with the Jumo 211F engine. A few days later, the V2 prototype with the Jumo 211N took off for the first time. In trials, the Ta-154 easily outperformed its rivals- Ju-388 and He-219. The Ta-154 reached at top speed of 700km/h or 440mph in testing. The V3 prototype was equipped with radar and a second seat for the radar operator and was consequently 75km/h slower than the other two prototypes with its heavy night fighting equipment.

In early 1944, the Jumo 213 engines finally arrived and a production run of 150 plus Ta-154A-1 models were ordered. Several were produced before the factory making the Tego-film glue was destroyed. As a result, the Germans substituted the Tego-film glue with an inferior type of glue. This inferior type proved to be complete garbage as several Ta-154s created with it fell apart in flight. Similar problems also struck the He-162 Volksjäger.

In August of 1944, Kurt Tank finally ordered the end of production of what could have been an amazing fighter as the Germans needed to turn their attention to faster aircraft like the Do-335 and could not waste time or resources. With that, the few Ta-154s built were used in night fighters squadrons or in training units. Several Ta-154s out of the 50 or so built saw combat in World War 2 as night fighters until the war ended. With that, the Ta-154s were examined or scrapped. One was captured by American forces but its fate is unknown.

Even though the Ta-154 only had a minor impact in real life, you can take control of the mighty Ta-154 in War Thunder and wreak havoc on the bombers that escaped its wrath back in WW2.

<ref>https://ww2db.com/aircraft_spec.php?aircraft_model_id=322</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Ta_154</ref>

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ta_154a_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|-jmSoAvIsv4|'''The Shooting Range #26''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 06:05 discusses the Ta 154 A-1.|uJziizNMYj8|'''The Shooting Range #164''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:32 discusses the Ta 154 A-1.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341979-focke-wulf-ta154a-1/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

=== References ===
<references />

{{AirManufacturer Focke-Wulf}}
{{Germany twin-engine fighters}}
{{Germany premium aircraft}}

Me 262 C-1a

2024-05-20T15:57:20Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = German jet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Me 262 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=me-262c-1a
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a single experimental prototype of a standard Me 262A fighter that was modified with a single Walter HWK 109-509 rocket engine, used in the Me 163 Komet rocket fighter. The engine was put into the tail of the aircraft and it was supposed enhance the speed of the 262 used for interception of allied bombers. The name Heimatschützer means "Home protector" The aircraft was first flown using both engines on 27th February 1945.

The Me 262 C-1a was introduced in [[Update 1.39]]. The Me 262 C-1a Heimatschützer I is a Me 262 A-1a fitted with a rocket booster in its tail. It is intended as an interceptor, climbing very quickly under the power of the booster rocket combined with its two jet engines. However, the booster rocket has a small fuel supply and will only last a few minutes of use. Without its booster rocket, the Heimatschützer functions very similarly to the Me 262 A-1a. It has the same armament as the Me 262 A-1.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 825 || 800 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 31.7 || 32.7 || 16.6 || 15.7 || rowspan="2" | 628
|-
! Upgraded
| 907 || 865 || 29.0 || 30.3 || 23.8 || 20.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~11 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 500 || < 600 || < 680 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="4" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="1" | Empty mass || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel, no booster fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | Junkers Jumo 004B-1 || 2
| colspan="1" | 4,995 kg || colspan="3" | 269 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="3" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load, no booster fuel) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel
|-
| 720 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 5,247 kg || 5,777 kg || 5,953 kg || 7,800 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="4" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%, no booster)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 910 kgf || N/A
| 0.35 || 0.32 || 0.31 || 0.23
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 910 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.35 || 0.32 || 0.31 || 0.23
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="6" | Booster (Walter HWK 109-509S - Liquid-fuel rocket)
! colspan="3" | Aircraft mass
|-
! rowspan="2" | Number || rowspan="2" | Booster weight (each) || rowspan="2" | Fuel weight (each) || rowspan="2" | Burn Time || rowspan="2" | Can be shutdown|| rowspan="2" | Jettisoned after use
! colspan="3" | Mass with full booster fuel (no weapons load)
|-
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel
|-
| 1 || 165 kg || 1,700 kg || 172s || Yes || No
| 6,947 kg || 7,477 kg || 7,653 kg
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Condition
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Maximum booster thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each booster, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Combined engine & booster thrust @ 0 m|The total thrust produced by all engines and boosters. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="3" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100% with booster)
|-
! 6m fuel || 20m fuel || 22m fuel
|-
| colspan="2" | ''Stationary'' || colspan="2" | 1,692 kgf || colspan="2" | 3,512 kgf
| 0.51 || 0.47 || 0.46
|-
| colspan="2" | ''Optimal'' || colspan="2" | 1,692 kgf (any speed) || colspan="2" | 3,512 kgf (0kph)
| 0.51 || 0.47 || 0.46
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 15 mm Steel - Behind pilot
* 15 mm Steel - Pilot's headrest
* 15 mm Steel - Between cockpit and fore fuel tank
* 15 mm Steel - Instrument panel plate
* 16 mm Steel x 2 - Ammunition protection plates
* 90 mm Bulletproof glass

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The biggest issue of the Heimatschützer I is its poor acceleration across all speeds when the boosters are out of fuel. Thus, the "Compressor" and "New Engine" modifications should have the highest priority. The default ammo belts are decent, but the high explosive content increases with the new ammo. Because of this, researching the 30 mm Belts modification is not a bad idea. The "New Cannons" modification can also be researched to improve the accuracy and reliability of the 30 mm cannons.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MK 108 (30 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 30 mm MK 108 cannons, nose-mounted (2 x 100 rpg top + 2 x 80 rpg bottom = 360 total)

The Heimatschutzer I's cannon armament consists of four nose-mounted 30 mm Mk 108 autocannons. It has the same armament as the Me 262 A-1a. The Me 262 A-1a and the Me 262 C-1a Heimatschützer have the same burst mass of 14.52 kg/s (32.01 lbs/s).

== Usage in battles ==
''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Heavy armament of four 30 mm cannons
* Decent energy retention
* It has a rocket engine, allowing a climb to about 4000 m (13000 ft) within 1.5 minutes

'''Cons:'''

* Slow in comparison to other jets it may encounter
* Rocket propulsion is limited
* Its 30 mm guns are not optimal for jet combat, with low muzzle velocity and effective range
* Without its booster, it is a fairly slow climber
* Sluggish at high speeds due to control surface compression

== History ==
''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=me-262c-1a Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|V77eUJjifzM|'''The Me-262 family''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 4:38 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/320883-messerschmitt-me-262-c-1a-c-2b/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer BFW}}
{{Germany jet aircraft}}

ZSU-37-2

2024-05-15T22:48:53Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Soviet SPAA '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the single-barrelled version
| link = ZSU-37
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_zsu_37_2
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Soviet late 1950s self propelled anti aircraft gun. As the base of the vehicle was chosen a modified SU-100P tank destroyer chassis. The development of Yenisei started in April 1957 as it was obvious that the then new ZSU-57-2 is not very capable SPAA especially lacking accuracy and search and track radar. Yenisei was codeveloped together with Shilka, although Shilka´s role was to protect mechanized infantry regiments up to 1500 m of altitude, meanwhile Yenisei was tasked with protecting tank divisions and regiments and engage targets up to 3000 m of altitude. During the trials, Yenisei proved capable of firing on the move up to speeds of 25 km/h on even and flat terrain. The accuracy of the 37 mm 2A12 was also two and half times higher than of ZSU-57-2. After the trials, the Yenisei was retasked with protecting 2K11 Krug and 2K12 Kub SAM systems from attacks inside the missle launcher dead zones. Yenisei was recommended to be accepted into service, however on 5th September 1962 Council of the Ministers only accepted Shilka into service. All work on Yenisei was stopped shortly after.

The Yenisei was introduced in [[Update "Hot Tracks"]]. Unlike Shilka, the Yenisei offers greater range against aerial targets and higher penetration values against ground targets at the cost of a fire rate. The Yenisei is also much more agile and faster than the Shilka, all while also being on chassis with lower silhouette. The radar however is not very good, and due to very narrow only 15 degrees vertical scan pattern have issues seeing higher flying targets, aswell as properly put the targeting box and reticle over the target.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

Sharing the same hull of the [[SU-100P]], the hull is protected enough for heavy machine gun fire but lacks protection against everything else. However, the turret is barely armoured for low calibre machine gun fire (with only 8.9 mm of thickness), it has little survivability against everything it will face and will be destroyed by overpressure with most CE ammunition (HE, ATGM, rockets, bombs, etc.).

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour (hull, turret)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 9.4 mm (72°) || 9.4 mm ''Top'' 9.4 mm ''Bottom'' || 9.4 mm || 9.4 mm
|-
| Turret || 8.9 mm ''Turret front'' 8.9 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 8.9 mm || 8.9 mm || 8.9 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels are 10 mm thick, tracks are 15 mm thick, and torsion bars are 22 mm thick.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp=568|rbMinHp=354}}

Since it is mounted on the SU-100P chassis, it has good mobility with a top speed of 70 km/h on a flat road capable of getting you into good firing positons early-on in the battle. It does benefit from regenerative steering, reducing the speed loss when turning but not as much as with neutral steering. The reverse speed is good enough to enable you to disengage easily and play peek-a-boo with the enemy.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|2A11 (37 mm)}}

This tank has access to a double mount of Shipunov 2A11 37 mm autocannon, a very versatile weapon, considering its vertical guidance, traverse speed, and selection of ammo belts. It is similar to the one seen on the [[BMP-2]]. Due to being double mount, it has an RPM of 1,000. It is devastating against both aircraft and ground vehicles even with the standard AP round. It does not get access to APDS belts like on the 2A45 30 mm autocannon but the AP belts are more than enough to disable and destroy modules from all angles as well as destroy enemy tanks from the sides.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="6" | [[2A11 (37 mm)|37 mm 2A11]] (x2) || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 540 (270) || rowspan="2" | 500 || rowspan="2" | -1°/+85° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Two-plane|up to 25 km/h}} || 52.8 || 73.1 || 88.8 || 98.2 || 104.5 || rowspan="2" | 6.50 || rowspan="2" | 5.75 || rowspan="2" | 5.30 || rowspan="2" | 5.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 35.7 || 42.0 || 51.0 || 56.4 || 60.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====

* '''Default:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''UO-167:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T*|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer (self-destroying)}}
* '''BR-167:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}

{{:2A11 (37 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T*, AP-T}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''2''' || 0 ''(+2)'' || No
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

The ZSU-37-2 should be played entirely as an AA vehicle. Do not go tank hunting in this vehicle, as you do not have the armour. Focus on keeping the skies clear, something that this vehicle does very well. A high rate of fire and very fast turret traverse means that you should be able to target and destroy even the fastest jets.

You have a high ammo count with this vehicle, meaning that you can afford to find a good spot away from the main fight in order to pick off enemy planes. Unless you need to reload your ammo, avoid capture points. They are usually the hub of most of the fighting and going to them will put you in the firing line.

While it is fully enclosed, the ZSU-37-2 has armour which makes the M18 Hellcat look like a heavy tank. Even 7.62 mm machine guns stand a fair chance of penetrating this vehicle. This makes you a primary target for aircraft, which are usually armed with cannons or high penetration machine guns and will easily take you out.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* High rate of fire allows for area saturation
* Relatively high top speed
* High ammo count
* Fast turret traverse
* Can penetrate most vehicles from the side
* Radar-assisted fire control

'''Cons:'''

* Thin armour: aircraft cannons will cause severe damage
* Radar has very low scan speed
* Can only carry one type of ammunition, so bringing the HEFI-T rounds will leave you vulnerable to ground units

== History ==

The ZSU-37-2 was the long range counterpart of the ZSU-23-4, it entered development at the same time the ZSU-23-4 did and each one fullfilled different roles. It was developed by Uralmashzavod based on the SU-100P chassis designated Object 119. The ZSU-37-2 was meant to counter targets at 3 km. A single prototype vehicle was built and was tested on December 1960, both ZSU-23-4 and ZSU-37-2 were accepted for service. It never saw service as the ZSU-23-4 was preferred as an SPAA

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_zsu_37_2 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|fIlUeGLTF7w|'''The Shooting Range #238''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:30 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|10seZ_m4t-k|'''ZSU-37-2 - When Gaijin Cheaps Out Again''' - ''Napalmratte''|XI561HYbJPc|'''ZSU-37-2 [Profile]''' - ''BaconGaming''}}

== See also ==


;Vehicles equipped with the same chassis

* [[SU-100P]]
* [[Object 120]]

;Other vehicles of similar configuration and role

* [[ZSU-23-4]]

== External links ==


* [https://en.topwar.ru/5760-zsu-37-2-enisey-ne-shilkoy-edinoy.html <nowiki>[Topwar.ru]</nowiki> ZSU-37-2 "Yenisei". Not a "Shilka" single]

{{USSR anti-aircraft vehicles}}

Cromwell I

2024-05-15T21:33:27Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
|about= British medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
|usage= other versions
|link= Cromwell (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_a27m_cromwell_1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (or just '''{{Specs|pseudonym}}''') was a British WWII-era medium tank named after 17th century military leader Oliver Cromwell. The tank was heavily influenced by the previous Crusader tank and the demand for a medium velocity dual purpose gun by the Ministry of Defence. Initially three different prototypes were named Cromwell, the initial A24 Cromwell I prototype made by Nuffield which later crystallized into A24 "Cavalier" cruiser tank of which about 500 were made but the performance of it proven unsatisfactory. Second prototype was A27L Cromwell II made by English Electric and later Leyland. Out of this prototype, "Centaur" was developed. Centaur was equipped with vintage WWI Liberty engine and Merrit-Brown gearbox taken over from Churchill infantry tank. Last prototype bearing the name Cromwell was A27M Cromwell III, which then became the only tank bearing the name into serial production. A27M was using Rolls Royce Meteor engine otherwise it was simillar to Centaur, although due to the engine it had no issues with cooling and reliability. All the Centaur hulls were reengined and taken into service as Cromwells. The tank first saw action after the Normandy landings in June 1944. The usage of higher caliber gun then led to developement of a Comet, Charioteer and Challenger cruiser tanks, based on the Cromwell. After the war, Cromwell was also used by many other countries such as Czechoslovakia, Israel or Greece. British army also used the Cromwells in Korean war, where few were captured by the North Korean forces.

The Cromwell was released along with the initial British ground tree in [[Update 1.55 "Royal Armour"]].The Cromwell Mk I uses the 6-pdr, which provides higher penetration than the 75 mm on the [[Cromwell V|Mk V]]. It is also slightly faster and more manoeuvrable, thanks to the addition of an engine governor on the Mk. V that lowered its maximum output. However, these advantages are offset by the higher BR which means the Cromwell will be facing some tanks that are a good match for the Cromwell in terms of speed, like the [[T-34 (Family)|T-34]], and some tanks that are largely invulnerable, like the [[KV-1E]] The Cromwell has adequate armour for a medium tank and a reasonably powerful gun.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour
* Cast homogeneous armour (Gun mantlet, Driver's port, Side armour, Compartment hull roof)

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 63.5 mm ''Front plate'' 25.4 mm (74°) ''Front glacis'' 57 mm (13°) ''Joint plate'' 25.4 mm (68°) ''Lower glacis'' ||44 mm ''Top front'' 32 + 14 mm ''Bottom front'' 38 (0°) + 32 mm (34°) ''Top rear'' 25.4 + 14 mm ''Bottom rear'' || 32 mm (0-7°) ''Top'' 20 mm (47°) ''Bottom'' || 20 mm ''Compartment'' 14 mm ''Engine''
|-
| Turret || 64 mm + 12.7 mm ''Turret front'' 88.9 mm ''Gun mantlet'' || 51 mm + 12.7 mm || 44 mm + 12.7 mm || 20 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Suspension wheels and tracks are 20 mm thick.
* 12.7mm Armour basket behind Turret front, sides and rear.
* The vehicle has 5mm structural steel compartment separators inside

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}


{{tankMobility|abMinHp= 930|rbMinHp= 531}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|6pdr OQF Mk.III (57 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[6pdr OQF Mk.III (57 mm)|57 mm 6pdr OQF Mk.III]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 75 || rowspan="2" | -12°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Vertical || 23.8 || 32.9 || 40.0 || 44.2 || 47.1 || rowspan="2" | 5.20 || rowspan="2" | 4.60 || rowspan="2" | 4.24 || rowspan="2" | 4.00
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 14.9 || 17.5 || 21.3 || 23.5 || 25.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:6pdr OQF Mk.III (57 mm)/Ammunition|Shot Mk.5, Shot Mk.5 HV, Shot Mk.8, Shot Mk.9, Shell Mk.10}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_{{PAGENAME}}.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}.]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
! 8th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''75''' || 66 ''(+9)'' || 56 ''(+19)'' || 46 ''(+29)'' || 37 ''(+38)'' || 28 ''(+47)'' || 19 ''(+56)'' || 10 ''(+65)'' || 1 ''(+74)'' || Yes
|-
|}
'''Notes''':

* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* The visual discrepancy concerns the total number of shells as well as the number of shells per rack:
** 86 shells are visually modelled but you can only pack 75 shells.
** For each rack, the number of shells modelled does not correspond to the number of shells available to be fired.

==== Optics ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
! colspan="3" | {{PAGENAME}} [[Optics]]
|-
! Which ones
! Default magnification
! Maximum magnification
|-
! Main Gun optics
| x1.8 || x3.5
|-
! Comparable optics
| colspan="2" | [[M10 GMC]]
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|BESA (7.92 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[BESA (7.92 mm)|7.92 mm BESA]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 4,950 (225) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==


'''Overview:'''

The Cromwell I is a fast tank with a good cannon and acceptable armour protection. Commanders should play it like a light tank, but be careful of the extremely slow reverse gear. It excels in close quarters combat due to the excellent gun and hull handling characteristics, as well as the fast reload rate. Commanders should avoid long range fights due to the slow reverse gear. This lack of a reverse gear makes it difficult to return to cover after exposing your tank to fire on the enemy. The best strategy in the Cromwell I is to hug the map corners and try to flank, outmaneuvering enemy forces. The tank is very rewarding to players who have experience with the map that is being played, are adept at flanking, and are able to predict enemy movements. It is a true Cruiser tank, able to exploit gaps in the enemy defenses by disrupting the enemy back line. Despite its admirable characteristics, the Cromwell is an ''unconventional'' medium tank, and may be difficult to use in the hands of a traditional medium tank player.

'''Firepower:'''

The best shell to use is the Shot Mk.9 APCBC due to its penetration characteristics. Generally this is a great round due to the fast reload and shell velocity. However this round struggles against angled armour, most notably against Soviet T-34 tanks. Against this enemy Cromwell gunners will have to aim for the turret or machine gun port, as the upper front plate will bounce the Shot Mk.9 easily. The 6pdr also has a high velocity loss modifier, resulting in poor penetration over long distances.

'''Staying alive:'''

In terms of armour, the Cromwell I is in a better situation than many players would assume. While the front armour is not particularly impressive, the design is very square and the side armour is acceptable. This means that the Cromwell I is an excellent tank to angle your hull and turret armour in. When the enemy fires, a quick turn using the impressive handling and acceleration can cause a bounce. The Cromwell's turret face has an interior 12mm plate behind the main armour, meaning that in a downtier, some vehicles may have issue penetrating you when hull down. There is also an overlap with the 88.9mm mantlet and 64mm turret face, resulting in a small area with up to 160mm of effective armour. Generally, Cromwell I commanders should seek to move unpredictably when under fire and create angles that are difficult to penetrate. They should also seek to engage targets from the flanks whenever possible, and plan potential escape routes if the engagement is not in your favor.

One somewhat unconventional tool that the Cromwell has access to is an abundance of smoke grenades. Commanders can use these grenades to shut down enemy firing angles and protect themselves from being shot in the side, or on the retreat. However, be careful not to spam these too much as they may get in the way of your teammates as well.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very fast for a medium tank, excellent for capturing zones and catching enemy light tanks off-guard
* 57 mm performs well against most armoured targets
* Great gun handling thanks to high turret traverse, good gun depression and vertical stabilizer
* Can easily hide behind obstacles and surprise passing enemies with a flanking manoeuvre
* Remains competitive even in an uptier
* Respectable minimum frontal armour means that in a downtier some vehicles may struggle to penetrate you
* Reasonably fast neutral turning capablity
* Above average survivability thanks to 5 crew members and interior structural steel

'''Cons:'''

* Terrible reverse speed, makes overextending difficult
* Neutral turning performs poorly on sloped terrain
* Boxy, vertical armour on hull and turret makes angling essential
* Gunner can frequently be knocked out from frontal shots
* 57 mm struggles to penetrate sloped or angled armour. T-34s and KV-1s are an issue at this rank as they are very difficult to penetrate at long ranges
* 57mm ammunition can sometimes fail to injure enemy crew sufficiently

== History ==

===Development===
Development for the tank started back in 1940, just around the time the [[Crusader Mk II|Crusader cruiser tank]] was being put into service in the British Army. The development of a stronger cruiser tank was initiated due to the belief that that the Crusader would become obsolete in the face of more advanced German tanks as the time pass. The initial plans was for the tank to mount the OQF 6-pounder gun and was to be completed in 1942. The project was taken up by three companies who submitted their designs. Vauxhall developed the A23, a scaled down [[Churchill Mk III|Churchill tank]] with 75 mm of armour and a 12-cylinder Bedford engine. Nuffield developed the A24 based off the Crusader that was powered by the Liberty engine and had an advantage of being put into production quickly. Leyland and Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon developed a design that was similar to Nuffield's, but with different suspension and track designs. All these designs were examined in January 1941 and it was decided that Nuffield's A24 would become the vehicle of choice for the project. Six prototypes of the vehicle, now called Cromwell I were ordered for delivery in the Spring of 1942, but arrived four months late, with current events making the tank designs outdated. Despite that, the tank was put into production and experienced an unsatisfactory performance history as being an under-powered tank. The lack of available tanks led to the demands for more 6-pounders on the battlefield, which were used to be mounted on the older tank designs.

When Britain entered the war, Rolls-Royce stopped producing cars and set up a team to find ways to use their production lines. The team was made under Roy Robotham at Clan Foundry near the city of Belper. Meeting with Henry Spurrier of Leyland, they talked tank designs and a project began of fitting a Rolls-Royce Merlin engine onto a tank. A Leyland-built Crusader was used for the test, removing the supercharger from the engine before installing it in the tank. The result was an absurdly fast tank, able to reach a speed of 80 km/h, estimated since timing the speed runs was difficult. The impressive performance had Leyland organize a production for 1,000 units of the engine, renamed as the Meteor. This plan was changed after concerns of the engine's cooling was raised, Leyland decides to produce their own version of Meteor which was weaker (350 hp) compared to the Rolls design (500 hp). Thus, the Tank Board decided to just order the engine straight from Rolls-Royce for the Meteor engine. The A24 tank design with the Meteor engine was redesignated as the A27. During the development, Leyland suggested that the tank should be made to fit both the Meteor and the American-designed Liberty engine, thus the designation expanded to A27M (Meteor) and the A27L (Liberty) and were called Cromwell III and Cromwell II respectively. Leyland's attempt at building their own engine was abandoned. The A27M tank was made into a prototype and delivered on January 1942, it proved extremely mobile with its 600 hp engine and orders were placed for both engine versions. This proved difficult due to production difficulties with the Meteor and soon Leyland took over production of both versions. Production lines for the Meteor engine continued to be strained until late 1942, where Ernest Hives of Rolls met with Spencer Wilks of the company Rover made a deal in January 1943 to exchange factories, with Rolls establishing a Meteor engine factory at Barnoldswick, Lancashire.

Production of the tank began in November 1942 with new names given out the tanks. The original A24 Cromwell I from Nuffield was renamed the Cavalier, the Liberty powered Cromwell II became the Centaur, and the Meteor powered Cromwell III retained the name as the '''Cromwell'''. The actual Cromwell tank production was delayed until January 1943 due to low supply of Meteor engines until the Rover factory began producing it. With more Meteor engines being produced, the Centaur tanks were often converted to use the Meteor engine, turning them into Cromwells. Field tests with the tanks took place in August to September in 1943 alongside the [[M4A2|M4A2]] and M4A4 Shermans. The tests proved the Shermans to be more reliable than the Cromwell and Centaurs, needing only about 0.03 hours of mechanical attention every mile compared to the Cromwell's 0.07 hours per mile and the Centaur's 0.08 hours per mile. The two tanks were thus given time to iron out these deficiencies, the Cromwell suffered from oil leaks along with brake and clutch failures. While the tank suffered from these defects, the crews expressed their satisfaction with the designs for their speed and handling, but the Centaur was not given the same attention as the Cromwell. The second test in November had the Cromwell perform with improved results while the Centaur was still experiencing the same problems. The production model was finalized on February 2, 1944, after a specifications for a "Battle Cromwell" came in from Leyland, which included some design changes, an increase of 6 mm on the bottom of the tank, seam welding the joints, and the standard usage of the Meteor engine and the Merritt Brown transmission. The Centaur was relegated to training roles or modified for specialist roles such as anti-aircraft guns or engineering vehicles. Total production for the A27 tank series is 4,016 tanks, of which 950 are Centaurs and 3,066 are Cromwells.

===Design===
The Cromwell's frame used a riveted construction in its initial production models, but this later changed to welding. The frame was strengthened with bolted armour plates. Companies involved in the A27 production were LMS Railway, Morris Motors, Metro-Cammell, Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon Company, and English Electric. Some of these models were not consistent in construction, such as some variants built with 360 mm wide tracks and some with 393 mm tracks. The suspension was a Christie suspension derived from the earlier cruiser tank designs. Four of the tanks' road wheels have shock absorbers, and no return rollers are available, the tracks are supported on the top of the large road wheels. The gearbox has five forward and one reverse gear, with the first forward gear made for confined areas and sharp turns. While the Meteor engine is capable of going faster, it is restricted to 540 hp output with a governor to avoid straining the engine and suspension. The Cromwell's armaments changed over a few times, its initial model mounted the 6-pounder gun, but the later models [[Cromwell V|mounted the 75 mm gun]]. The adaption was easy due to the 75 mm gun being a 6-pounder bored for the larger calibre. A 7.92 mm BESA machine gun was available for coaxial firing on the turret. The armour on the Cromwell started as a 76 mm plate, which increased gradually to 83 mm and 100 mm overtime for additional protection.

The '''A27M Cromwell I''' was exactly the same as Centaur I, with the biggest difference being that it was powered with a Meteor engine. It featured a 6-pounder as its main armament, but only a few were produced before the Cromwell changed armament to the [[Ordnance QF Mk.V (75 mm)|75 mm gun]]

===Combat usage===
The British, at the time of Operation Overlord, primarily service the [[M4|M4 Sherman]] as the main tank of their armoured units, only the armoured brigades of the 7th Armoured Division were equipped with the Cromwell tanks. Although the Cromwell also saw use as armoured reconnaissance regiments in other British divisions such as the Guards Armoured Division and the 11th Armoured Division. Compared to the Sherman, the Cromwell was much faster, so fast that it earned the title as the fastest British tank in World War II. The Cromwell also presented a smaller profile, making it a lower target, and has a thicker frontal armour plate. However, the Cromwell's armour was not sloping, was not as reliable in comparison to the Sherman, and a slightly smaller crew space inside the tank. Nevertheless, the Cromwell proved very mobile and effective on the battlefield alongside the Sherman, often outflanking German armour with their superior speed to hit the tanks on their sides or rear. Since the Cromwells are not able to mount the larger and more powerful 17-pounder and a derivative, the [[Challenger|A30 Challenger]], met with production issues, Cromwell units were equipped with [[Sherman Firefly|Sherman Fireflies]] in order to supplement the firepower of the 17-pounder. Later in the war, these units began to be succeeded by the [[Comet I|Comet tank]] which had more armour and a more powerful 77 mm gun derived from the 17-pounder.

During the war, the Cromwell chassis was used in various specialized roles on the battlefield. The A30 Challenger is a tank design that attempted to mount the 17-pounder on a lengthened Cromwell chassis, the [[Avenger|A30 SP Avenger]] was another attempt to equip the 17-pounder, but used a lighter turret instead. Some were made into observation posts or command tanks. The Centaur saw a wider conversion with some becoming engineering vehicles, armoured recovery vehicles, and armoured personnel carriers. After the war, the British attempted to up-gun the Cromwell into the [[Charioteer Mk VII|Charioteer]], which was designed in the 1950s to supplement tank units before the [[Centurion Mk 3|Centurion]] was mass-issued.

The Cromwells were also given out to Allied units such as the 1st Polish Armoured Division and the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade. These units served in Northern Europe with the Allies as they breakthrough deeper into Europe. After World War II, some Cromwell stayed in service and saw service in the Korean War with the 7th Royal Tank Regiment and the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars. The Cromwells also were given to Greece, where it had the distinction of being the first tank put into service by the Greek Army. 52 Centaurs were given to Greece in 1946 to fight in the Greek Civil War, but these were stored due to lack of crews with adequate training. Formal training began in Greece began in 1947 with the return of trained officers from Britain. The Centaur saw limited service in the Greek Armoured Corps, fighting in the Greek mountains. These units kept the Centaurs up until 1963 where it was replaced by the American [[M47|M47 Pattons]].

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_a27m_cromwell_1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200">
File:Cromwell I desert charge.jpg|Cromwell I in the desert.
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|CHvo6EIIlKk|'''Pages of History: A27 Cromwell''' - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


* [[Cromwell V]]
* [[Cromwell V (RP-3)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/devblog/current/846/|[Devblog] Cromwell I]]
* [[wt:en/news/3549-profile-cromwell-mk-i-en|[Vehicle Profile] Cromwell Mk I]]

{{Britain medium tanks}}

SAAB-105G

2024-04-28T23:44:34Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Swedish strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = SAAB-105 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_105g
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Swedish twin engine jet trainer that could also serve in a role of light attack and reconnaissance aircrat. The aircraft itself entered service in 1967 to replace the aging fleet of De Havilland Vampires used until then. The SAAB-105G is a modified SAAB-105XT export version of the SK 60B powered by General Electric J85 turbojets instead of the Turbomeca Aubisque, new avionics and precision navigation/attack system and modified wing. One example was built from second Saab 105 prototype. Swedish display team "Team 60" uses this aircraft during their shows. The aircraft was replaced in its training role by German made Grob G 120TP turboprop aircraft with first deliveries coming in 2023.

The Saab-105G was introduced in [[Update "Hot Tracks"]]. The Saab-105G is simmilar version of an aircraft like the SAAB-105OE. The main difference between the two is in the suspended armament, where SAAB-105G is able to carry various free fall bombs and unguided rockets, while the SAAB-105OE is able to carry Rb05A MCLOS missiles and unable to carry bombs. In terms of flying characteristics, the plane is quite manoeuverable, although not very fast with poor acceleration due to its turbofan engines.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 936 || 929 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.3 || 27.3 || 36.5 || 33.2 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 958 || 947 || 25.7 || 26.0 || 56.7 || 46.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 387 || 350 || ~8 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 550 || < 650 || < 550 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J85-GE-17B || 2
| colspan="2" | 3,292 kg || colspan="3" | 298 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 36m fuel
|-
| 181 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 3,763 kg || 4,154 kg || 4,584 kg || 4,862 kg || 6,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 36m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,220 kgf || N/A
| 0.65 || 0.59 || 0.53 || 0.50 || 0.38
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,220 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.65 || 0.59 || 0.53 || 0.50 || 0.38
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


There is no armour on the SAAB-105G; the internal modules of the aircraft are fairly spaced out with engines far apart in the rear fuselage and fuel tanks taking up all of the wings and a portion of the forward fuselage. Beware of any wing damage when carrying heavy bomb loads as there is already a lot of strain on them, and they may overload sooner than you would expect.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | [[Ballistic Computer]]
|-
! CCIP (Guns) !! CCIP (Rockets) !! CCIP (Bombs) !! CCRP (Bombs)
|-
| {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Tick}} || {{Cross}}
|-
|}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="7%" | 1 !! width="7%" | 2 !! width="7%" | 3 !! width="7%" | 4 !! width="7%" | 5 !! width="7%" | 6
| rowspan="11" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_SK60B.png]]</div>
|-
! [[Akan m/55 (30 mm)|30 mm Akan m/55]] cannons (150 rpg)
| || 1 || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 82 (500 lb)|500 lb LDGP Mk 82]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[Mk 82 Snakeye (500 lb)|500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye]] bombs
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[M117 cone 45 (750 lb)|750 lb M117 cone 45]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[LDGP Mk 83 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83]] bombs
| || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
|-
! [[m/56D]] rockets
| 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
! [[psrak m/49/56]] rockets
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[srak m/55 Frida]] rockets
| 3 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 3
|-
! [[RB24]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || 1
|-
| colspan="7" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 900 kg
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 30 mm Akan m/55 cannons (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 2 x RB24 missiles
* 22 x srak m/55 Frida rockets
* 12 x m/56D rockets
* 6 x psrak m/49/56 rockets
* 6 x 500 lb LDGP Mk 82 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 6 x 500 lb Mk 82 Snakeye bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 4 x 750 lb M117 cone 45 bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb LDGP Mk 83 bombs (4,000 lb total)
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

The SAAB-105G is a very flexible multi-role aircraft, best used in the interceptor role at the beginning of an air match, then changing armament mid-match depending on the situation. Thanks to its airspawn and 2 x [[RB24]] (Swedish [[AIM-9B]]) missiles, you can hunt down enemy bombers and heavy attackers before returning to base. Beware as these missiles have very poor tracking on targets doing anything more than flying in a straight line, so are best used on enemies who are too slow to manoeuvre or are otherwise unaware of your presence. Once you have spent the 2 missiles or there are no viable targets to use them on, you will need to return to base to rearm.

On your second take-off, you should consider if your team needs more air power to shoot down fighters, or if you can spend the time to bomb bases or attack ground units. The SAAB-105G gets two wing mounted 30 mm cannons, the same as on the previous SK60B, and performs similarly in a dogfight to that plane; you want to use your massive firepower and very stable turning characteristics to force enemies into turn fights. Be aware of your surroundings though, as the aircraft accelerates fairly slowly after manoeuvring and can make an easy target for far faster aircraft.

For ground attack, you have a very wide range of high performance weapons to choose from. All bombs and rockets have access to a bombing computer, making accurate attacks extremely easy, and the 30 mm gun pods have enough firepower to destroy light pillboxes and medium tanks in a short burst.

As a CAS aircraft in Ground RB you need to be aware of the airspace conditions before selecting your loadout. You are limited to 2 x 2 drops of any kind of bomb, but can only take the gun pods for dealing with air threats with the weaker 500 lb bombs. All bomb loads get access to the RB24 missiles as well, but the added weight is rarely worth taking due to the unreliability of the missiles. Thanks to the bombing computer though, landing even the 500 lb bombs within the 8 m vehicle destruction radius is very easy so long as the targets are not moving too quickly.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Airspawn in air RB
* Excellent guns
* Extremely early in BR access to air-to-air missiles in the RB24, ideal for scoring kills on Tu-4s, IL-28s, B-57s and other unaware or slow enemies
* Wide variety of ground attack ordnance, including a heavy load of bombs with AAMs
* Access to customizable loadouts for secondary weapons, allowing a vide variety of roles from air interdiction to ground attack
* Access to bombing computer, making accurate bombing runs even with low yield bombs very rewarding
* Decent turning ability making for a capable dogfighter
* Good airbrake and tricycle landing gear makes landing easy

'''Cons:'''

* Below average acceleration, loses speed in vertical manoeuvres rapidly
* Engines run very hot at 100% throttle under 2,500 m, can be offset by setting to 98% throttle however
* RB24 missiles are very unreliable on targets with any turning ability
* Heavier bomb/AAM loads put massive strain on the wings, flying at high speed or making any sharp turns can rip the wings off very suddenly
* Stiff elevator handling at high speed, hard to pull off from a high-speed dive
* Thrust reversal not available unlike on the SK60

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_105g Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
Image:Sk60.jpg|Saab-105 in action!
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|08pSlYGwMkE|'''No Gunpod-Missile Combo! SAAB-105G - Sweden - Review!''' - ''Jengar''}}

== See also ==


* [[SK60B]]
* [[SAAB-105ÖE]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

Ro.44

2024-04-25T16:33:09Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ro_44
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was an Italian fighter floatplane developed by IMAM as a single seat variant of the IMAM Ro.43 reconnaissance plane. It underwent its first flight in October 1936. Unlike the Ro.43, the main armament was changed from two 7.7 mm machine guns to two 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns in the nose. The tail aswell as the rear fuselage where observer was stationed previously were redesigned. The Ro.44 shared same issues like the Ro.43 it was developed from such as problems with buoyancy and sea-handling issues due to the lightweight design and structure. Out of 51 ordered, only 35 were built and they were used solely in Aegean sea with 161 Squadriglia. It was retired from frontlines and sent to seaplane schools shortly after start of WWII.

The Ro.44 was introduced in [[Update "Sky Guardians"]], finally equipping all the naval nations with at least 1 [[:Category:Hydroplanes|seaplane]] to use, although many are not regular tree units. Its ability to capture naval points will make it invaluable for naval players. The plane itself is no match for other reserve biplanes such as He-51, or I-15 that outperform the Ro.44 in both speed and manoeuverability.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

''Describe how the aircraft behaves in the air. Speed, manoeuvrability, acceleration and allowable loads - these are the most important characteristics of the vehicle.''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max speed (km/h at 2,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 287 || 277 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 14.8 || 15.4 || 8.1 || 8.1 || rowspan="2" | 200
|-
! Upgraded
| 318 || 303 || 13.3 || 14.0 || 14.7 || 11.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || X || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 400  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || - || - || - || ~10 || ~10
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 180 || < 300 || < 250 || > 420
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

The Ro.44 is reasonably durable, being able to take a fair amount of rife-calibre machine gun fire before the flight performance is crippled. The large radial engine too, although vulnerable to being hit due to its size, tends to keep running even with a fair amount of battle damage. The aircraft has no armour protection for the pilot.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Breda-SAFAT (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns, nose-mounted (220 rpg = 440 total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Ro.44 fulfils the role of a dogfighter in battles, boasting fantastic low speed handling (down to as low as 130 km/h) which often gives it the edge in low-rank dogfights. Its powerful armament of twin 12.7 mm Breda-SAFAT machine guns (a rare armament at such a low BR) usually means it can quickly dispose of enemy aircraft. Against faster monoplane enemies such as the P-36, P-400 or MiG-3, you'll want to enter the fight with an altitude advantage and convert that to speed, giving you enough time to cripple the enemy aircraft even if they choose to use their speed advantage and extend.

In Simulator battles, the Ro.44 currently uses an identical cockpit model to the CR.32, so there are discrepancies between the cockpit model and the actual layout of the aircraft. The Italian floatplane also handles terribly in Simulator mode, having a constant pitch up attitude analogous to having full flaps extended on any other aircraft. Combined with having no trim, the Ro.44 is tiresome to fly in simulator battles, and currently also has poor forward-facing visibility from the cockpit.

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Excellent low speed handling
* Reasonably durable
* Acceptable climb rate
* Excellent weaponry for its BR, mounted on the centreline
* Good amount of ammunition
* Can capture points in naval battles

'''Cons:'''

* Fairly slow
* Radial engine is a large target
* Loses energy rapidly in vertical manoeuvres
* Low dive speed

== History ==

The '''IMAM Ro.44''' was a single seat fighter seaplane derivative of the [[Ro.43]] and first flew in October 1936. By taking out the rear gunners positions and all the extra equipment and radios, the much lighter aircraft gained in manoeuvrability but barely any speed increase. At a distance, both the Ro.44 and Ro.43 are practically indistinguishable due to the copied design. It also did not improve on its predecessor for seaworthiness, being too difficult to land in open ocean. In the end it was a disappointment, with its order reduced from 50 to 35 and being soon used as trainer for advanced pilots.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ro_44 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Ro.43]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer IMAM}}
{{Italy fighters}}

Frunze

2024-04-16T11:26:14Z

U2126463: /* Service under the Soviet Union */

{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_destroyer_frunze
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Schastlivy-class destroyer, a sub class of Novik-class destroyers built for Imperial Russian Navy in 1910s. Originally she was named Bystry and renamed to Frunze in 1925. She was laid down on 16th October 1913 and comissioned on 18th April 1915. During the WWI she shelled Turkish and Romanian coast aswell as performing minelaying. On 18th October she sunk Turkish destroyer Hamidabad and two steamboats and damaged three minesweepers. In May 1918, Frunze was captured by advancing German forces while undergoing repairs at Sevastopol. Between 1923 and 1927, she underwent repairs and refit during which she recieved fourth 102 mm cannon and 76 mm Lender AA gun aswell as several machine guns. Her five twin 457 mm torpedo launchers were removed and exchanged for three triple 457 mm launchers. As result of refit her displacement increased to 1540 tons and her crew complement raised to 133 men. Between 1936 and 1940 she underwent another refit and repairs in Sevastopol during which her anti-aircraft weaponry was strenghtened by a single 76 mm gun, two 45 mm 21-K cannons and two DShK machine guns. On 22nd August 1941, Frunze, destroyer Dzerzhinsky and light cruiser Krasny Krym arrived to Odessa in order to support defenders of the city with naval gunfire. On 21st September 1941 Frunze left Sevastopol, bound for Odessa again when she came under attack from nine Ju-87 dive bombers. She was hit by five bombs and sunk at depth of 6m. 50 crewmen lost their lives during the attack.

Frunze was introduced during [[Update 1.79 "Project X"]] when the Soviet fleet was implemented into the game.
As a World War I Imperial Russian destroyer with some slight Soviet modernisation, the Frunze's performance leaves much to be desired. The ship suffers from a certain legacy design that limits her effectiveness, especially her poor protection, though this is offset by decent accuracy and great agility. Due to this, the Frunze primarily excels at providing fire support, capable of dealing significant damage to the enemy fleet if left unchecked.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}

Being a Great War destroyer design, the Frunze has no meaningful protection to speak of. The only armour it has is a comically small gun shield on the 102 mm gun mounts, which will not help to protect its gunners even from machine guns. To make matters worse, the Frunze's engines do not have any encased fuel tanks around them to absorb any incoming damage, essentially making it a juicy target for those who want to reduce the already low crew count of 168 even further.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}

In RB, the speed of the Frunze is average at best. A fully upgraded ship is capable of reaching 59 km/h at around 29 seconds. As for turning, doing a full circle will require 1 minute and 30 seconds approximately, however you will be able to do that while maintaining a speed of 41 km/h. As for braking from max speed, it will take 35 seconds while using the HALT feature.

{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 53
|SpeedBackStockAB = 19
|TurnTimeStockAB = 112.733
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 37
}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

As a reserve ship, the Frunze has most of its essential modifications unlocked. Due to the ineffectiveness of the shrapnel round and 45 mm armaments, you can either focus on the other seakeeping modifications to increase her mobility and survivability, or researching "armament targeting" to increase their traverse speed.

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|Pattern 1911 (102 mm)}}

The Frunze has 4 x 102 mm cannons as the main weapon. These guns have decent firepower, accuracy, and rate of fire, but suffer from terrible traverse speed. As such, the Frunze should be played as a sniper destroyer more so than a close-range brawler. The accuracy of these guns at long range far surpasses the other equivalent destroyers of other nations and can be used to shell enemies from far range with impunity from more inaccurate enemy fire.

The Frunze has two shell options. First, a base fuse HE shell that is similar in function to the ground vehicle's APHE shell (requires the shell to penetrate the armour to explode); while not as efficient at taking out external modules such as gun mounts or torpedo tubes compared to a regular HE shell, it can still deal considerable internal damage to the enemy ship if the shot penetrates. The other is a unique shrapnel shell that, in real life, was designed to explode and disperse shrapnel. Unfortunately, the shell is completely useless in-game as it functions like a time fuse shell (will explode upon a timer just nearby the enemy), combined with how the only crew who stay outside are those manning the guns, the shrapnel will quickly disperse and deal minimal damage. To add more insult to injury, these shell have no incendiary properties, which means it cannot set any enemy ship on fire.

Due to the lack of a usual HE shell (that explodes on contact), the gun cannot hull break any PT boats (its greatest threats) due to the shell over-penetrating and dealing little to no damage at all.

Another point worth mentioning is the fact that the arrangement of the guns is not exactly the best, with a single gun at the front and the 3 others all at the back. This means that you can only use a single gun against a target directly in front of you.

{{:Pattern 1911 (102 mm)/Ammunition|102 mm HE, 102 mm shrapnel}}

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|Lender AA gun, pattern 1914/15 (76 mm)|45 mm/46 21-K (45 mm)}}

In addition to the 102 mm cannons, the Frunze has a 76 mm and a 45 mm cannon. These guns fire HE shells and are essentially the only defence the ship has against aircraft, and even in doing so are sub-par. They aren't particularly good at tackling small and manoeuvrable patrol boats either.

{{:45 mm/46 21-K (45 mm)/Ammunition|45 mm OR-73A HET, 45 mm O-240 HE, 45 mm BR-240, 45 mm F-73}}

=== Anti-aircraft armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-AA}}

{{main|DShK (12.7 mm)}}

Simply put, the Frunze is a sitting duck for any planes with any kind of bomb or torpedo. There are two DShKs on each side of the bridge, but the firing arc of these guns make them unusable in almost all conceivable situations. The main weapons that are used as anti-aircraft are the 76 mm and 45 mm guns on the back of the Frunze, and unfortunately, these guns are sub-par at tackling mobile targets.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|45-36NU (450 mm)}}

The Frunze has nine 450 mm 45-36NU torpedoes launched from three triple launchers. Two launchers are located around the first funnel while the third one is placed behind the third funnel, and thus can only attack when pointed at the sides, and cannot fire directly forward. The torpedoes themselves are reasonably effective for its BR range, with the top speed of 76 km/h and 284 kg of TNT warhead. However, its usage is limited to close range combat due to its short travel distance at only 3 km, which can be partially remedied using the "Torpedo Mode" modification, which extends the range to 6 km at a cost of having its top speed reduced to 57 km/h.

== Usage in battles ==

Due to the placement of the main guns and poor protection, the Frunze has rather poor offensive capabilities. Combined with the clunky yet accurate guns, the Frunze is best played as a support ship at long range or with a pack of friendly ships. While having a relatively short range, the Frunze's torpedoes can be effective against a distracted enemy at close range. The Frunze's greatest threats are small PT boats and enemy aircraft, as she does not have any good counter against them. As such, stay close to your allies who have better secondary coverage and avoid being left alone outside of friendly cover.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Main cannons are very accurate
* Relatively high crew count for reserve ship
* Quite fast and easy to control
* Small superstructure allows it to take lesser crew loss when being hit by small-calibre guns
* Reasonably effective torpedoes for close-range barrage

'''Cons:'''

* Non-existent armour protection
* Only one gun at the bow of the ship, forcing her to do boardsides to utilize all guns and expose the vulnerable engine in the process
* Has terribly slow main gun traverse, making it hard to shoot faster and agile targets
* Does not have an access to the HEF shell, instead using a base fuse HE and terrible shrapnel shell, both of which cannot hull break PT boats
* Gun crew is unprotected, even small-calibre machine guns can take them out
* Terrible secondary and AA armament; very vulnerable against PT boats and planes

== History ==

[[File:1920px-Frunze 01.jpg|400px|thumb|right|The Frunze (ex-Bystryi) after her modernization by the Soviets in 1927.]]
The Frunze (or Bystryri) was a ship of the Novik-class series of destroyers. Originally built for the Imperial Russian Navy in 1913, the ship changed hands several times before ending up with the Soviet Navy in 1920. The ship was sunk during the opening months of Operation Barbarossa in 1941 by raiding German dive bombers.

====Construction and early services====
On October 1911, Frunze was commissioned by the Imperial Russian Navy under the name Bystryri as a part of the Novik-class series of destroyers and was assigned to the Black Sea Fleet. The ship was laid down at the Metal plant in St. Petersburg in August 1912 before being relaid at A. Vadon plant in Kherson in October 1913. After testing and evaluation, Bystryi was accepted into the 2nd Minelayer Brigade of the Black Sea Fleet.

Along with her sister ship Shchastlivyi, Bystryi went on her first combat on April 25, 1915 during World War I. By the end of that year, the ship, along with her squadron, had made six sorties around the coast of the Ottoman Empire to disrupt their supply lines and communications. During these sorties, the squadron sank 26 sailing ships and 3 steamers.

In 1916, Bystryi made ten sorties to shell the Turkish and Romanian coasts, carrying out minelaying and escorting battleships and aircraft. After a collision with a minelayer on Febuary 1917 which critically damaged her bow, Bystryi was sent back for repair until June. After the repair, she conducted four sorties from August to October. During her sortie on October 18, she sank the Turkish destroyer Hamidabad, 2 steamships, and damaged 3 Turkish minesweepers. As the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War erupted, Bystryi stayed in port for the rest of the year.

==== During the Civil War ====
Shortly after the October Revolution in December 1917, the newly-established Russian Socialist Republic (later the Soviet Union) assigned Bystryi under the Red Black Sea Fleet and she was sent to Sevastopol for repairs in January 1918. However, after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk that forced the Russia to concede a large amount of territory to Germany to withdraw from the war, the German Army later occupied Sevastopol and captured Bystryi in May 1918 and in August pressed it to the German services under the name "R 02". The ship's turbines were dismantled prior to German capture however, and the ship never saw any action under the German flag. After the Armistice on November, the ship was transferred to British command in December as a reparation. On January 1919, the British sent Bystryi to the royalist (White Army) All-Russian Union Socialist League to aid in their Civil War effort. However, she was never used for active service and her guns were dismantled. As the White Army did not have any means to evacuate the ship from Sevastopol, she remained there until 1920 when she was captured by the Red Army.

==== Service under the Soviet Union ====
The ship remained at Sevastopol storage until 1923 when the ship received her first modernization. The ship received a fourth 102 mm gun, four 7.62 mm Maxim machine guns, and the two 45 mm Hotchkiss gun were replaced with a 76 mm Lender AA gun and 37 mm Maxim autocannon. During this time, the ship was renamed as "Frunze" and officially entered the Soviet Black Sea Fleet on December, 1927.

Between May-June 1928, Frunze paid a friendly visit to the port of Istanbul, and in the next year on September, the port of Naples. On June 8, 1931, Frunze collied with the No.16 (AG-21) submarine near Sevastopol, resulting in the sinking of the latter. Between 1936-40, Frunze received another modernization, replacing the 37 mm with a 45 mm 21-K semi-automatic cannon and two 12.7 mm DShK machine guns replacing the Maxim machine guns.

During the opening stages of Operation Barbarossa on June 1941, Frunze was assigned to the 1st Destroyer Division of the Black Sea Fleet. Between June-July, Frunze participated in an escort and minelaying operation, before participating in the defense of Odessa.

On September 21, 1941, while leaving Sevastopol to Odessa at the Tendovskaya Split, the Frunze was attacked by nine Ju 87 dive bombers from the StG 77 squadron while attempting to rescue the sinking gunboat Krasnaya Armeniya that had been attacked prior by the Stukas. The ship was hit by five 250 kg bombs, plunging into the water on its port side, and sank at the depth of 6 metres. The sinking claimed the lives of 50 crew members. However, the majority of the crew survived by clinging on the ship's superstructure and smokestacks which remained above the water. The Frunze was struck from the Soviet Navy fleet on October 6, 1941.

===[[wt:en/news/5701-fleet-development-frunze-destroyer-en|Devblog]]===
The Novik-class series, which includes the Frunze, comprised of the most modernized destroyers among their class in the Imperial Russian Navy. This combat ship was laid down in Kherson in 1913 and received the designation "Bystry." Following six months of construction, the destroyer was finally launched and soon allotted to the Black Sea Fleet. In 1918, the destroyer was captured during the German occupation and later, passed into the hands of the Anglo-French interventionists. She was then taken out of commission during a retreat and was only able to join the armed forces ranks under the Soviet flag in 1927. The destroyer joined the Second World war under the designation "Frunze." In the war's summer of 1941, the ship was tasked with setting up minefields in the Black Sea and escorting convoys of transport ships. She also defended Odessa during its siege. On September 21st, the Frunze was attacked by the seasoned I Group pilots of the StG 77 wing during her attempt to rescue the Krasnaya Armenia gunboat bombed by Junkers aircraft. The Stukas performed numerous group raids on the destroyer, which resulted in the ship getting hit by several 250 kg bombs and consequently sinking.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_destroyer_frunze Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[Kerch (destroyer)]]

== External links ==


* [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_(%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86,_1914) <nowiki>[Wikipedia RU]</nowiki> Bystryi (destroyer, 1914)]
* [[wt:en/news/5701-fleet-development-frunze-destroyer-en|[Devblog] Frunze Destroyer]]

{{ShipManufacturer Black Sea Shipyard}}
{{USSR destroyers}}

SAAB-105OE

2024-04-11T23:00:12Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Swedish strike aircraft '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = SAAB-105 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=saab_105oe
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Swedish twin engine jet trainer that could also serve in a role of light attack and reconnaissance aircrat. The aircraft itself entered service in 1967 to replace the aging fleet of De Havilland Vampires used until then. The Saab 105-OE was an improved version of the Sk 105XT export demonstrator prototype, which itself was an improved version of the Sk 60B with General Electric J85 turbojets instead of the Turbomeca Aubisque used in the Sk 60. First Austrian Saab 105OE was delivered in July 1970 where they replaced Saab 29 Tunnan and De Havilland Vampire. Austria recieved 40 aircraft in total, and they were finally retired after 50 years of service on 31st December 2020.

Saab-105OE is a premium Austrian strike aircraft {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Hot Tracks"]]. The Saab 105OE is a variant of the Saab 105G found in the tech tree. Main difference between the two aircraft however is the modified wing found on the 105G aswell as slightly more powerful variant of the GE J85 engines. Unlike the Saab 105G, the Austrian version also does not have access to any bombs, this is offset by the ability to mount Rb05A missles. This ability is missing on the Saab 105G. In terms of flying characteristics, the plane is quite manoeuverable, although not very fast with poor acceleration due to its turbofan engines.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 1,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 936 || 929 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 26.3 || 26.9 || 35.8 || 32.3 || rowspan="2" | 850
|-
! Upgraded
| 958 || 947 || 25.7 || 26.0 || 57.5 || 46.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| X || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || 387 || 350 || ~8 || ~4
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 550 || < 650 || < 550 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | General Electric J85-GE-17B || 2
| colspan="2" | 3,282 kg || colspan="3" | 298 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 36m fuel
|-
| 181 kg || colspan="2" | Axial-flow turbojet
| 3,753 kg || 4,144 kg || 4,575 kg || 4,852 kg || 6,500 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB/SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 36m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,220 kgf || N/A
| 0.65 || 0.59 || 0.53 || 0.50 || 0.38
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,220 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.65 || 0.59 || 0.53 || 0.50 || 0.38
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


There is no armour on the SAAB-105ÖE; the internal modules of the aircraft are fairly spaced out with engines far apart in the rear fuselage and fuel tanks taking up all of the wings and a portion of the forward fuselage.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="7%" | 1 !! width="7%" | 2 !! width="7%" | 3 !! width="7%" | 4 !! width="7%" | 5 !! width="7%" | 6
| rowspan="7" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_SK60B.png]]</div>
|-
! [[Akan m/55 (30 mm)|30 mm Akan m/55]] cannons (150 rpg)
| || 1 || || || 1 ||
|-
! [[m/56D]] rockets
| 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2
|-
! [[psrak m/49/56]] rockets
| 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
! [[srak m/55 Frida]] rockets
| 3 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 || 3
|-
! [[RB24]] missiles
| 1 || || || || || 1
|-
! [[Rb05A]] missiles
| || 1 || || || 1 ||
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}

* 2 x 30 mm Akan m/55 cannons, wing-mounted (gunpods) (150 rpg = 300 total)
* 22 x srak m/55 Frida rockets
* 12 x m/56D rockets
* 6 x psrak m/49/56 rockets
* 2 x Rb05A missiles
* 2 x RB24 missiles
* 2 x RB24 missiles + 2 x Rb05A missiles
* 2 x RB24 missiles + 2 x 30 mm Akan m/55 cannons
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the aircraft, the features of using aircraft in a team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view, but instead, give the reader food for thought. Examine the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Extremely powerful weaponry
* Can carry both cannon pods and [[RB24]] missiles, or [[Rb05A]] missiles and RB24 missiles at the same time
* Has an attacker airspawn
* Decent survivability, has two pilots and can take damage fairly well

'''Cons:'''

* Fairly poor acceleration
* Does not turn very well
* No armour and exposed pilots
* No integrated offensive armament, requiring gunpods

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the aircraft in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=saab_105oe Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* [[SK60B]]
* [[SAAB-105G]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{AirManufacturer Saab}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}
{{Sweden premium aircraft}}

Bostwick's P-47M-1-RE

2024-02-01T17:15:35Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = gift American fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = P-47 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=p-47m-1-re
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=Cockpit_p-47m-1-re.jpg
}}

== Description ==

'''{{Specs|name}}''' was a P-47M-1-RE Thunderbolt belonging to US ace George Eugene Bostwick. Bostwick was born on 19th October 1919 in Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin. During his career he achieved eight confirmed, two probable and six destroyed aircraft on ground. His first victim was a Bf 109 over Grandevilliers, France, on 7th June 1944, a day after D-Day. On 4th July 1944, he scored three more Bf 109s and damaged one. Two days later he shot down another Bf 109. On 11th September 1944, while attacking Euskirchen airfield, he destroyed three Fw 190 fighters on the ground. His success led to him being promoted on 11th September 1944 to a rank of Captain. After his first tour of duty ended, he transferred to 63rd Fighter Squadron from his previous 62nd Fighter Squadron. On 25th March 1945, Bostwick became one of few allied pilots to shoot down a Me 262 Schwalbe jet fighter, near Köln. His last air to air victory was achieved over two Fw 190s over Bremen on 7th April 1945. Three days later he destroyed four aircraft on the ground at Werder airport. He achieved no further success. On 19th April 1945, Bostwick was promoted to a rank of Major, a month before his promotion he also became a commander of the 63rd Fighter Squadron. He retired from the air force in 1953 and died on 6th February 1990. The plane, nicknamed "Ugly Duckling", is painted after the camouflage scheme of Bostwick's P-47 while in the 56th Fighter Group.

'''{{Specs|name}}''' is a premium gift American fighter. It was introduced as a [[wt:en/news/3071--en|premium pack]] in [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"]]. It was introduced as a [[wt:en/news/3071--en|premium pack]] in [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"]]. The Republic P-47M was the fastest of the production model Thunderbolts. It was discontinued after the [[wt:en/news/6694-shop-may-sale-in-war-thunder-en|2020 May sale]], but has since been made available either for purchase in the store or in-game with Golden Eagles {{ge}} for specific American mini-events like the [[wt:en/news/6759/current|2020 "D-Day sale"]], the [[wt:en/news/7344-special-us-air-force-day-en|2021 "US Air Force Day"]], the [[wt:en/news/7875-special-us-air-force-birthday-en|2022 "US Air Force Birthday"]] and, most recently, the [[wt:en/news/8478-special-a-decal-and-two-fighters-to-celebrate-the-us-air-forces-birthday-en|2023 "US Air Force Birthday]]". The P-47M is the fastest P-47 in the game. The engine featuring more horse power than any of the P-47s found in the game, allows to climb faster into altitude or get away from unfavourable situations. Another feature not found on any other P-47 are the underwing dive brakes, allowing to slow down when going too fast, as the P-47 tend to stiff the controls while above 700 km/h.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The P-47M is a high-altitude interceptor that has impressive armament and ordnance that serves it well in both the fighter and Close Air Support role. In Air RB, it is currently unequalled in performance at its battle rating, possessing ridiculous top speed, competitive climb rate, decent energy retention, great armament, and surprising manoeuvrability at speed.

As such, the P-47M is best played to its strengths as a Boom & Zoom and Boom & Run fighter in Air RB. In Ground RB it is an excellent fighter bomber with a good rocket/bomb load-out and .50 cals that can deal with most turret roofs.

The M variant was specifically setup to intercept Germany's buzz-bombs and the new [[Me 262 A-1a|jet]]/[[Me 163 B|rocket]] powered fighters. The primary advantage of this new variant came through speed. The aircraft was powered by either a Pratt & Whitney R-2800-14W or R-2800-5 engine while using the CH-5 turbo-supercharger. The aircraft was able to produce 2,800 hp, giving it higher top speed.

The P-47M has the flight performance of super-props. Top speeds above 5 km exceed literally any opponent besides the [[Ta 152 H-1]] (which is only faster at around 11-12 km). Climb rate is great, at around an average of 23 m/s from 0-6,000 m. WEP is available for up to 12 minutes to maximize engine output.

Interestingly (besides the better engine), the P-47M gets a unique airbrake which makes it very easy to stick behind the tails of opponents in a high-speed dive.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,144 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 726 || 711 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.3 || 26.1 || 10.8 || 10.8 || rowspan="2" | 500
|-
! Upgraded
| 794 || 760 || 22.8 || 24.0 || 23.3 || 15.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~13 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 400 || < 420 || < 470 || > 335
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
[[File:P47M Armor Schematic.png|thumb|300px|Armour diagram of the P-47M-1-RE, corresponds to the list on the left]]
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


# 9.5 mm Steel - Instrument panel and pilot armour
# 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
# 9.5 mm Steel - Seat back and headrest armour plates

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 8 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (425 rpg = 3,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="3.5%" | 1 !! width="3.5%" | 2 !! width="3.5%" | 3 !! width="3.5%" | 4 !! width="3.5%" | 5 !! width="3.5%" | 6 !! width="3.5%" | 7 !! width="3.5%" | 8 !! width="3.5%" | 9 !! width="3.5%" | 10 !! width="3.5%" | 11 !! width="3.5%" | 12 !! width="3.5%" | 13
| rowspan="6" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_P-47D-25.png]]</div>
|-
! [[AN-M57 (250 lb)|250 lb AN-M57]] bombs
| || || || 1 || || || 1 || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|500 lb AN-M64A1]] bombs
| || || || 1 || || || 1 || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb AN-M65A1]] bombs
| || || || 1 || || || || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[HVAR]] rockets
| 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
| colspan="14" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 680 kg
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
* Without load
* 10 x HVAR rockets
* 3 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (750 lb total)
* 3 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==


First of all, the P-47 should always fly fast. No matter the altitude, it is recommended to fly at speeds higher than 520 km/h (~320 mph). One of the few things the P-47 is terrible at doing is prolonged dogfighting. Imagine a truck loaded with cement with wings strapped to the side. Congratulations, you just pictured a P-47 flying at low speeds. Now, with this out of the way you must remember one thing and one thing only, when and where possible, fly high, the higher the better. The higher in altitude the P-47 goes the better the engine performs compared to its potential adversaries. The best altitude for the P-47M is around 9,000 m (~30,000 ft), but it still can perform very good at lower altitudes ranging from 6,000 m (~20,000 ft) to 8,000 m (~26,000 ft). One drawback of the P-47M's engine is that it can easily overheat when using WEP for extended periods of time. However just disabling WEP for few seconds should be enough to cool down the powerful Pratt & Whitney powerplant hidden under the hood. More experienced pilots can utilize Manual Engine Controls (MEC) to eliminate overheating entirely.

=== Combat tactics ===
'''Arcade''' - Much of what was mentioned above can be disregarded due to the adjusted flight model of arcade battles, instead just put your throttle to WEP, climb above your enemies and Boom & Zoom them. It is important to realize that while the P-47 can be the king of the hill, there are a few others which will buck for the spot too including Spitfires, Fw 190s and Bf 109s as they can climb as good as you and they often have cannons which in no time can dismantle a P-47 quickly in flight.

'''Realistic''' - A P-47M's pilot should not take any additional armaments such as bombs and rockets, they will only slow down the plane and make it an easy prey for Bf 109 K-4s, Ta 152s and Fw 190s. As soon as you take off from the airfield, divert 30 degrees to left or right (depends on where the middle of the map is, just don't climb towards the middle), engage WEP and climb at ~17-18 degrees. The best speed for climbing is around ~267 km/h IAS (~165 mph). When you reach an altitude of about 5,500 m (18,000 ft) start to gradually turn towards the middle of the map. Watch out for any enemy planes coming towards you, especially Ta 152s and Bf 109 K-4s which are your biggest threats as they have similar performance output compared to the P-47M. Approaching ~6,000 m, you will notice that climbing at 18 degrees becomes less efficient and is necessary to adjust the angle of attack to 10-15 degrees to maintain the optimal climbing speed. It is also a plausible option to stop climbing at this point since there is a good chance you will already be above everyone. Next, it is recommended to fly level and gain some speed, but not more than 400 km/h IAS (~250 mph) due to the air being thinner (your true airspeed will be very high at this point). In this situation, the P-47 will reign supreme over the skies. Look around you to see if there are any enemy planes spotted, and pick off the easiest targets. Preferably slow-flying fighters who are flying straight or climbing. If you cannot see such targets, position yourself to target those who pose the biggest threat to your aircraft advantageously (such aircraft are outlined at the bottom).

Weighing in at eight tons, the P-47M (and all other P-47s) carries vast inertia through manoeuvers so long as they are gentle and efficient. Above 500 km/h (~310 mph) you will find it is ''initially'' possible to best most fighters in the first or second circles of a sharp turn, but a vast amount of energy is consumed in the process. This can lead to a quick kill (ideally attempted against a foe you know you can outturn), but can rob you of your zooming escape should things go wrong. For this reason, pilots of this aircraft should adhere to quite possibly its biggest strength: fighting in the vertical. Unlike horizontal turnfights, fighting vertically requires substantially more energy as it is dependent on gravity and inertia rather than continuous lift generated by the wings. Horizontal turnfighting thusly plays into the strengths of light aircraft; P-47s are not light aircraft, do not turn horizontally in a P-47M unless you are absolutely certain of the outcome (as you will be committed). However, a skilled pilot does not have to worry about this. You will find that light and nimble opponents such as Spitfires or Zeroes succumb to sustained, long, vertical looping due to their inability to carry momentum through stall-fighting. The high straight-line top speed and sheer weight of your aircraft can even find one having an energy advantage over an enemy who may be 1-2 km ''higher'' than you are, resulting in a nasty surprise should they try and climb away (though you should always strive to begin with an altitude advantage). Conservation of inertia is key when setting up energy traps in the vertical; you want to give the enemy as little breathing room as possible. As a rule of thumb, try to reach at least 400 km/h (~250 mph) IAS while positioning and do your best to maintain this speed by not turning too sharply. This will make the zoom portion of an attack far more effective. Once adequate separation is achieved, more complex vertical manoeuvers can be used to spring the trap. Spiral climbing can be utilized to great effect against a tailing enemy at an (initially hidden) energy disadvantage. Just remember in this case to turn tight enough so as not to give them a shot at your rear before you come over the top once their energy is exhausted. Smarter foes may dive away, but it is possible to counter this by spiral ''diving'' such that they are "pressed" ever lower by the threat of you turning to get a shot on them. Do not fall for this bait and enter a horizontal turnfight, however. Instead, solely "suggest" such a manoeuver and reposition (ideally through a bout of spiral climbing) until their energy is at such a point where you can execute a proper attack. Ensuring your shots are on target and that enemy energy is depleted is key. You may not be able pull out of a steep dive if you shoot too late or execute too early, resulting in a humiliating crash as your quarry dives towards the ground to avoid you.

Always perform powered dives, and if you feel you're going too fast, just extend the airbrakes long enough to reign in the aircraft's speed. This is one of the biggest advantages of the P-47M over the D-series (though the [[P-47D-30 (Italy)|D-30]] also has them) and other comparable prop fighters. When you are finished with the Boom phase of your attack, resist the urge to climb outright. Instead, speed away from the enemies (preferably towards your teammates) while increasing distance between you and anyone tailing. When you gain ~3 km (~2 mi) of separation from enemy planes, you can begin the Zoom part of the tactic. Alternatively, you can remain level and fast if you feel that any potential pursuer could catch up to you. Once you are confident this won't happen, climb at 10 degrees and gain enough altitude to ensure that you have an energy advantage above enemy planes. In the most dire situations you can try to go for a head-on attack (only if you have at least 2.5 km separation from the enemy), but it's not recommended to do that as you will most likely damage your engine in the process. In the worst-case scenario, your plane will catch fire and burn up. If you see an enemy fighter who is attempting a diving attack, try and force them to overshoot, call for help and fly towards your closest teammate. You can shrug off a few hits to the fuselage, but anything that touches your wings and elevators will most likely disable or destroy the aircraft's ability to fly well or at all. Flying with friends is also an ideal source of help. Should you be the last on your team, climb as high as possible, look out for enemy fighters, and Boom & Zoom them. Bear in mind that the P-47 does not perform well in 1v2 dogfights; try and separate enemies to pick them off one by one. Bombers are typically a difficult target to go after as they usually soak up quite a bit of ammunition before taking critical damage while leaving you at risk of being set afire or sniped by the defensive gunners. However, the long effective range and shallow drop of the .50 cals makes it possible to attack some bombers from outside their own gunners' effective range.

It's important to remember that the P-47's first and foremost mission is air superiority, especially in the case of the P-47M. Taking bombs and rockets will make your plane even more sluggish than it already is and because of that you will have to fly near the ground, and that typically makes the P-47 easy pickings for other enemy fighters. This is not to say you should never attack ground targets however, and there are certain situations where it is more rewarding (e.g. no enemy fighters left). With a large ammunition pool of 3,400 .50 cal rounds, there will almost certainly be enough left over to wreak substantial havoc on soft targets. It's also important to note that the Ground Targets and Tracer belts are capable of destroying light pillboxes with ~100 rounds. For more flexibility in attacking, it is sometimes beneficial to RTB and take on ordnance, but you should only do this after expending all of your .50 cal ammunition. The two 1,000 lb and 500 lb bombs as well as ten HVAR rockets mean it is possible to engage hard targets such as tanks. Again, it must be remembered that this should only seriously be considered if the relative danger to your aircraft is virtually zero. But if this is the case, it can be very rewarding to the player, as well as help win the game faster.

It is important to mention the two schools of thought regarding the ammunition belts for .50 cals. The first one says that you should use Ground Targets belts because of the high amount of armour piercing rounds. These do a lot of damage and can easily shred anything hit with them. However, the second school of thought states one should use Tracer belts because they have the highest chance of setting the enemy on fire, which will typically lead to a fiery destruction of the enemy aircraft. But, there's one thing everyone agrees on: don't use Default belts, as the other available belts have a higher ratio of more damaging AP-T, API, and API-T bullets.

'''Enemies worth mentioning:'''

While flying the P-47M (or any P-47), it is best to be wary of opponents who possess unusually good energy retention/generation characteristics (vertical or otherwise) or tend to have an altitude advantage when entering combat:

-Any fighter of the Yak/La ([[Yak-3 (Family)|Yak-3]], [[Yak-9 (Family)|Yak-9]], [[La-7]], [[La-9]]) family and the [[I-225]] should be dealt with on as unequal terms as possible. Possessing extremely powerful engines on airframes weighing less than half yours, Yaks and La's shine in all aspects of energy fighting, and are also above-average turnfighters to boot. Running is not always an option as their acceleration is also very good. However, their poor structural limits of ~675 km/h (420 mph) can be exploited (except for the I-225) to make a diving escape or high-speed pass depending on the scenario. Yak and La series aircraft also suffer from performance issues above 6,000 m, at such altitudes you will stand a far better chance of victory.

-The [[Hornet Mk.III|Hornet]], [[Ki-83]], & [[F7F-3|F7F]] have some of the best performance of any prop plane, and they climb far better than you. As all of these get an interceptor airspawn, a possible scenario leveling out at 6,000 m is seeing one of these two kilometres higher and closing fast. In such a situation, fighting in the vertical can be close to suicidal against such an energy advantage, and a last resort dive is often the only option. However, being heavy fighters, you can actually outturn these in more conventional manner (e.g. the horizontal), and an overshoot can quickly turn the tide in your favor.

-The [[Ta 152 H-1]] & [[G.56]] are pure energy fighters. In the hands of experienced pilots, these long-winged Axis superprops bring a deadly combination of speed, energy retention, and turnfighting to the table. Under no circumstances should you engage one of these at low altitude (<2,000 m), and/or low speed (<500 km/h) as they will make short work of your plane out of its element. Both stiffen in turns at higher speeds, however, and a skilled pilot can utilize the P-47M's excellent manoeuvrability at speed to gain the initiative. Be sure to end the engagement quickly or you will lose energy rapidly.

-The [[Tempest Mk II]] is everything you are below 3,000 m. As such, engaging with it at low altitude is extremely inadvisable as it produces unrivaled speed for a prop without a turbocharger and will outclimb near anything down there as well. It is roughly your equal in manoeuvrability, however, and finding yourself on its six will often end well. The only problem is catching it. Diving from higher altitudes is a tactic that leaves even jets helpless at times, and as such you can apply this to the jet-like Tempest if hunting it is important, but this can leave you open to attack from enemy teammates.

-The [[J2M (Family)|J2M]] family excels at vertical energy fighting and famously hangs until almost 0 km/h in a stall, while also possessing above-average climb rates. Should you encounter one, it is best to practice pure BnZ tactics against them. Their comparatively slow top-speed (615 km/h for the J2M5) cannot compete with the P-47M in a straight line. However, do not be fooled into climbing early/into a stall, as they can retain that speed very effectively in a climb and get easy shots on you.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 1 gear || Auto controlled
|-
|}
To get the most performance out of your Pratt & Whitney R-2800-57(C), use 120% mixture from 0 to 7,000 m, 100% mixture from 7,000 to 8,500 m, and 60% mixture above 8,500 m; the turbocharger allows for the richest mix (and the most HP) at almost any altitude you will fight at. The default setting on auto mixture controls is 60%, setting it higher at these altitudes allows you to squeeze some extra horsepower out of the engine, which significantly improves the rate of climb. It is possible to set the oil and engine radiators to 0% and not worry about overheating when not using WEP. However, it is possible to do this ''and'' utilize WEP for the full 13 minutes without overheating ''so long as'' propeller pitch is set to (and does not exceed) 85%. Using auto prop-pitch settings, prolonged WEP usage will overheat the engine. To run WEP for extended periods of time with auto prop-pitch, set the oil radiator to ~15%, and engine radiator from 25% to 50% as needed. It is important to note that you have a limited WEP duration of ~12 minutes. While this is enough to last through most engagements, during prolonged battles it does well to conserve the boost for when it is most needed.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Forgiving aircraft
* Eight deadly .50 cal M2 Brownings
* Great ground-attack ordnance selection
* Unrivalled high altitude performance
* Very good high-speed manoeuvrability, excellent vertical energy retention
* Enemies are often surprised by the enhanced performance of what is usually seen as an easy target
* Good climb rate; can keep up with many fighters at its battle rating, unlike its earlier variants
* Radial engine is good at soaking up damage from the rest of the aircraft
* Airbrakes
* Access to premium bonuses in Silver Lion and Research Points

'''Cons:'''

* Payloads encourage a low-altitude attacker playstyle, playing into P-47M's disadvantages
* Still needs to sideclimb due to higher performance enemies at 5.7
* Sluggish acceleration on the deck as the turbocharger doesn't produce much extra horsepower
* Inadequate performance near the ground means most enemy fighters will be able to catch you
* Bleeds energy very quickly in sharp turns
* Poor low-speed manoeuvrability: a prolonged turnfight almost always ends badly
* Large size and wingspan makes it easier for enemy fighters to score hits on you
* While protective, the engine will typically suffer disproportionately at the cost of keeping the plane intact
* Engine easily catches fire when hit by 13/15/20 mm shells

== History ==


Four P-47D-27 Aircraft were pulled from the production line at the Farmingdale factory and were fitted with the Pratt & Whitney R-2800-57(C) engine. They were also equipped with a larger CH-5 turbo-supercharger allowing the aircraft to reach 2,800 hp at 32,000 feet. Air brakes were also added underneath the wings to aid in deceleration and recovery during dives. These four prototypes were re-designated YP-47M.

The engine installations were eventually added to the last 130 P-47D-30s from Farmingdale in Sept of 1944. They were all re-designated P-47M-1-RE. It is important to note that the under-wing racks were not fitted to this aircraft. It was intended to be strictly a fighter. They were delivered in Dec. of 1944. The dorsal fins were later added as a field modification.

The M-variant saw service with the 56th Fighter Group but problems with the new highly tuned R-2800 delayed their use until the last weeks of the war in Europe. At one point the aircraft was pulled from service and replaced with D variants until the aircraft performed reliably. The P-47M was never used against V-1 flying bombs, its original target.

The P-47M is most remembered for Major George Bostwick's engagements with the [[Me 262 A-1a|Me 262]]. Bostwick shot down a Me 262 on March 25 1945. He was able to damage a second one a few days later on April 7th.

His P-47M-1-RE had the nickname "Ugly Duckling" and a striking paint scheme.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=p-47m-1-re Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|RO11u_Vim1I|'''Premium Review: {{PAGENAME}} [Jug is Love - Jug is Life]''' - ''Jengar''|tVzOxJBcTj8|'''{{PAGENAME}} - 5 Kills In 3 Minutes And Dominating Italians''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;Carbon-copy vehicle

* [[Lanovski's P-47M-1-RE]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3073/current/|[Series] Maj. George Bostwick's P-47 Thunderbolt]]
* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/234553-republic-p-47m/ Official WT forum Aircraft Data Sheet section: "Republic P-47M"]

{{AirManufacturer Republic}}
{{USA fighters}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

Bostwick's P-47M-1-RE

2024-01-30T22:28:02Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = gift American fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = P-47 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=p-47m-1-re
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=Cockpit_p-47m-1-re.jpg
}}

== Description ==

'''{{Specs|name}}''' was a P-47M-1-RE Thunderbolt belonging to US ace George Eugene Bostwick. Bostwick was born on 19th October 1919 in Eau Claire, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin. During his career he achieved eight confirmed, two probable and six destroyed aircraft on ground. His first victim was a Bf 109 over Grandevilliers, France, on 7th June 1944, a day after D-Day. On 4th July 1944, he scored three more Bf 109s and damaged one. Two days later he shot down another Bf 109. On 11th September 1944 while attacking Euskirchen airfield, he destroyed three Fw 190 fighters on the ground. His success led to him being promoted on 11th September 1944 to a rank of Captain. After his first tour of duty ended, he transfered to 63rd Fighter Squadron from his previous 62nd Fighter Squadron. On 25th March 1945, Bostwick became one of few allied pilots shooting down a Me 262 Schwalbe jet fighter near Köln. His last air to air victory was achieved over two FW 190s over Bremen on 7th April 1945. Three days later he destroyed four aircraft on ground at Werder airport. He achieved no further success. On 19th April 1945, Bostwick was promoted to a rank of Major, month before his promotion he also became a commander of the 63rd Fighter Squadron. He retired from the airforce in 1953 and died on 6th February 1990.

The Bostwick´s P-47M is a premium gift American fighter introduced as a [[wt:en/news/3071--en|premium pack]] in [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"]]. It was discontinued after the [[wt:en/news/6694-shop-may-sale-in-war-thunder-en|2020 May sale]], but has since been made available either for purchase in the store or in-game with Golden Eagles {{ge}} for specific American mini-events like the [[wt:en/news/6759/current|2020 "D-Day sale"]], the [[wt:en/news/7344-special-us-air-force-day-en|2021 "US Air Force Day"]], the [[wt:en/news/7875-special-us-air-force-birthday-en|2022 "US Air Force Birthday"]] and, most recently, the [[wt:en/news/8478-special-a-decal-and-two-fighters-to-celebrate-the-us-air-forces-birthday-en|2023 "US Air Force Birthday]]". The Republic P-47M was the fastest of the production model Thunderbolts. The plane nicknamed "Ugly Duckling" is painted after the camouflage scheme of American pilot George E. Bostwick in the US Army Air Force in the 56th Fighter Group.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


The P-47M is a high-altitude interceptor that has impressive armament and ordnance that serves it well in both the fighter and Close Air Support role. In Air RB, it is currently unequalled in performance at its battle rating, possessing ridiculous top speed, competitive climb rate, decent energy retention, great armament, and surprising manoeuvrability at speed.

As such, the P-47M is best played to its strengths as a Boom & Zoom and Boom & Run fighter in Air RB. In Ground RB it is an excellent fighter bomber with a good rocket/bomb load-out and .50 cals that can deal with most turret roofs.

The M variant was specifically setup to intercept Germany's buzz-bombs and the new [[Me 262 A-1a|jet]]/[[Me 163 B|rocket]] powered fighters. The primary advantage of this new variant came through speed. The aircraft was powered by either a Pratt & Whitney R-2800-14W or R-2800-5 engine while using the CH-5 turbo-supercharger. The aircraft was able to produce 2,800 hp, giving it higher top speed.

The P-47M has the flight performance of super-props. Top speeds above 5 km exceed literally any opponent besides the [[Ta 152 H-1]] (which is only faster at around 11-12 km). Climb rate is great, at around an average of 23 m/s from 0-6,000 m. WEP is available for up to 12 minutes to maximize engine output.

Interestingly (besides the better engine), the P-47M gets a unique airbrake which makes it very easy to stick behind the tails of opponents in a high-speed dive.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 9,144 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 726 || 711 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 25.3 || 26.1 || 10.8 || 10.8 || rowspan="2" | 500
|-
! Upgraded
| 794 || 760 || 22.8 || 24.0 || 23.3 || 15.9
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 498 || 469 || 320 || ~13 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 400 || < 420 || < 470 || > 335
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
[[File:P47M Armor Schematic.png|thumb|300px|Armour diagram of the P-47M-1-RE, corresponds to the list on the left]]
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


# 9.5 mm Steel - Instrument panel and pilot armour
# 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Windscreen
# 9.5 mm Steel - Seat back and headrest armour plates

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 8 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (425 rpg = 3,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}


'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! !! width="3.5%" | 1 !! width="3.5%" | 2 !! width="3.5%" | 3 !! width="3.5%" | 4 !! width="3.5%" | 5 !! width="3.5%" | 6 !! width="3.5%" | 7 !! width="3.5%" | 8 !! width="3.5%" | 9 !! width="3.5%" | 10 !! width="3.5%" | 11 !! width="3.5%" | 12 !! width="3.5%" | 13
| rowspan="6" width="30%" | <div class="ttx-image">[[File:Hardpoints_P-47D-25.png]]</div>
|-
! [[AN-M57 (250 lb)|250 lb AN-M57]] bombs
| || || || 1 || || || 1 || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[AN-M64A1 (500 lb)|500 lb AN-M64A1]] bombs
| || || || 1 || || || 1 || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[AN-M65A1 (1,000 lb)|1,000 lb AN-M65A1]] bombs
| || || || 1 || || || || || || 1 || || ||
|-
! [[HVAR]] rockets
| 1 || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
| colspan="14" | Maximum permissible weight imbalance: 680 kg
|-
|}

{{Navigation-Start|Default weapon presets}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
* Without load
* 10 x HVAR rockets
* 3 x 250 lb AN-M57 bombs (750 lb total)
* 3 x 500 lb AN-M64A1 bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x 1,000 lb AN-M65A1 bombs (2,000 lb total)
{{Navigation-End}}

== Usage in battles ==


First of all, the P-47 should always fly fast. No matter the altitude, it is recommended to fly at speeds higher than 520 km/h (~320 mph). One of the few things the P-47 is terrible at doing is prolonged dogfighting. Imagine a truck loaded with cement with wings strapped to the side. Congratulations, you just pictured a P-47 flying at low speeds. Now, with this out of the way you must remember one thing and one thing only, when and where possible, fly high, the higher the better. The higher in altitude the P-47 goes the better the engine performs compared to its potential adversaries. The best altitude for the P-47M is around 9,000 m (~30,000 ft), but it still can perform very good at lower altitudes ranging from 6,000 m (~20,000 ft) to 8,000 m (~26,000 ft). One drawback of the P-47M's engine is that it can easily overheat when using WEP for extended periods of time. However just disabling WEP for few seconds should be enough to cool down the powerful Pratt & Whitney powerplant hidden under the hood. More experienced pilots can utilize Manual Engine Controls (MEC) to eliminate overheating entirely.

=== Combat tactics ===
'''Arcade''' - Much of what was mentioned above can be disregarded due to the adjusted flight model of arcade battles, instead just put your throttle to WEP, climb above your enemies and Boom & Zoom them. It is important to realize that while the P-47 can be the king of the hill, there are a few others which will buck for the spot too including Spitfires, Fw 190s and Bf 109s as they can climb as good as you and they often have cannons which in no time can dismantle a P-47 quickly in flight.

'''Realistic''' - A P-47M's pilot should not take any additional armaments such as bombs and rockets, they will only slow down the plane and make it an easy prey for Bf 109 K-4s, Ta 152s and Fw 190s. As soon as you take off from the airfield, divert 30 degrees to left or right (depends on where the middle of the map is, just don't climb towards the middle), engage WEP and climb at ~17-18 degrees. The best speed for climbing is around ~267 km/h IAS (~165 mph). When you reach an altitude of about 5,500 m (18,000 ft) start to gradually turn towards the middle of the map. Watch out for any enemy planes coming towards you, especially Ta 152s and Bf 109 K-4s which are your biggest threats as they have similar performance output compared to the P-47M. Approaching ~6,000 m, you will notice that climbing at 18 degrees becomes less efficient and is necessary to adjust the angle of attack to 10-15 degrees to maintain the optimal climbing speed. It is also a plausible option to stop climbing at this point since there is a good chance you will already be above everyone. Next, it is recommended to fly level and gain some speed, but not more than 400 km/h IAS (~250 mph) due to the air being thinner (your true airspeed will be very high at this point). In this situation, the P-47 will reign supreme over the skies. Look around you to see if there are any enemy planes spotted, and pick off the easiest targets. Preferably slow-flying fighters who are flying straight or climbing. If you cannot see such targets, position yourself to target those who pose the biggest threat to your aircraft advantageously (such aircraft are outlined at the bottom).

Weighing in at eight tons, the P-47M (and all other P-47s) carries vast inertia through manoeuvers so long as they are gentle and efficient. Above 500 km/h (~310 mph) you will find it is ''initially'' possible to best most fighters in the first or second circles of a sharp turn, but a vast amount of energy is consumed in the process. This can lead to a quick kill (ideally attempted against a foe you know you can outturn), but can rob you of your zooming escape should things go wrong. For this reason, pilots of this aircraft should adhere to quite possibly its biggest strength: fighting in the vertical. Unlike horizontal turnfights, fighting vertically requires substantially more energy as it is dependent on gravity and inertia rather than continuous lift generated by the wings. Horizontal turnfighting thusly plays into the strengths of light aircraft; P-47s are not light aircraft, do not turn horizontally in a P-47M unless you are absolutely certain of the outcome (as you will be committed). However, a skilled pilot does not have to worry about this. You will find that light and nimble opponents such as Spitfires or Zeroes succumb to sustained, long, vertical looping due to their inability to carry momentum through stall-fighting. The high straight-line top speed and sheer weight of your aircraft can even find one having an energy advantage over an enemy who may be 1-2 km ''higher'' than you are, resulting in a nasty surprise should they try and climb away (though you should always strive to begin with an altitude advantage). Conservation of inertia is key when setting up energy traps in the vertical; you want to give the enemy as little breathing room as possible. As a rule of thumb, try to reach at least 400 km/h (~250 mph) IAS while positioning and do your best to maintain this speed by not turning too sharply. This will make the zoom portion of an attack far more effective. Once adequate separation is achieved, more complex vertical manoeuvers can be used to spring the trap. Spiral climbing can be utilized to great effect against a tailing enemy at an (initially hidden) energy disadvantage. Just remember in this case to turn tight enough so as not to give them a shot at your rear before you come over the top once their energy is exhausted. Smarter foes may dive away, but it is possible to counter this by spiral ''diving'' such that they are "pressed" ever lower by the threat of you turning to get a shot on them. Do not fall for this bait and enter a horizontal turnfight, however. Instead, solely "suggest" such a manoeuver and reposition (ideally through a bout of spiral climbing) until their energy is at such a point where you can execute a proper attack. Ensuring your shots are on target and that enemy energy is depleted is key. You may not be able pull out of a steep dive if you shoot too late or execute too early, resulting in a humiliating crash as your quarry dives towards the ground to avoid you.

Always perform powered dives, and if you feel you're going too fast, just extend the airbrakes long enough to reign in the aircraft's speed. This is one of the biggest advantages of the P-47M over the D-series (though the [[P-47D-30 (Italy)|D-30]] also has them) and other comparable prop fighters. When you are finished with the Boom phase of your attack, resist the urge to climb outright. Instead, speed away from the enemies (preferably towards your teammates) while increasing distance between you and anyone tailing. When you gain ~3 km (~2 mi) of separation from enemy planes, you can begin the Zoom part of the tactic. Alternatively, you can remain level and fast if you feel that any potential pursuer could catch up to you. Once you are confident this won't happen, climb at 10 degrees and gain enough altitude to ensure that you have an energy advantage above enemy planes. In the most dire situations you can try to go for a head-on attack (only if you have at least 2.5 km separation from the enemy), but it's not recommended to do that as you will most likely damage your engine in the process. In the worst-case scenario, your plane will catch fire and burn up. If you see an enemy fighter who is attempting a diving attack, try and force them to overshoot, call for help and fly towards your closest teammate. You can shrug off a few hits to the fuselage, but anything that touches your wings and elevators will most likely disable or destroy the aircraft's ability to fly well or at all. Flying with friends is also an ideal source of help. Should you be the last on your team, climb as high as possible, look out for enemy fighters, and Boom & Zoom them. Bear in mind that the P-47 does not perform well in 1v2 dogfights; try and separate enemies to pick them off one by one. Bombers are typically a difficult target to go after as they usually soak up quite a bit of ammunition before taking critical damage while leaving you at risk of being set afire or sniped by the defensive gunners. However, the long effective range and shallow drop of the .50 cals makes it possible to attack some bombers from outside their own gunners' effective range.

It's important to remember that the P-47's first and foremost mission is air superiority, especially in the case of the P-47M. Taking bombs and rockets will make your plane even more sluggish than it already is and because of that you will have to fly near the ground, and that typically makes the P-47 easy pickings for other enemy fighters. This is not to say you should never attack ground targets however, and there are certain situations where it is more rewarding (e.g. no enemy fighters left). With a large ammunition pool of 3,400 .50 cal rounds, there will almost certainly be enough left over to wreak substantial havoc on soft targets. It's also important to note that the Ground Targets and Tracer belts are capable of destroying light pillboxes with ~100 rounds. For more flexibility in attacking, it is sometimes beneficial to RTB and take on ordnance, but you should only do this after expending all of your .50 cal ammunition. The two 1,000 lb and 500 lb bombs as well as ten HVAR rockets mean it is possible to engage hard targets such as tanks. Again, it must be remembered that this should only seriously be considered if the relative danger to your aircraft is virtually zero. But if this is the case, it can be very rewarding to the player, as well as help win the game faster.

It is important to mention the two schools of thought regarding the ammunition belts for .50 cals. The first one says that you should use Ground Targets belts because of the high amount of armour piercing rounds. These do a lot of damage and can easily shred anything hit with them. However, the second school of thought states one should use Tracer belts because they have the highest chance of setting the enemy on fire, which will typically lead to a fiery destruction of the enemy aircraft. But, there's one thing everyone agrees on: don't use Default belts, as the other available belts have a higher ratio of more damaging AP-T, API, and API-T bullets.

'''Enemies worth mentioning:'''

While flying the P-47M (or any P-47), it is best to be wary of opponents who possess unusually good energy retention/generation characteristics (vertical or otherwise) or tend to have an altitude advantage when entering combat:

-Any fighter of the Yak/La ([[Yak-3 (Family)|Yak-3]], [[Yak-9 (Family)|Yak-9]], [[La-7]], [[La-9]]) family and the [[I-225]] should be dealt with on as unequal terms as possible. Possessing extremely powerful engines on airframes weighing less than half yours, Yaks and La's shine in all aspects of energy fighting, and are also above-average turnfighters to boot. Running is not always an option as their acceleration is also very good. However, their poor structural limits of ~675 km/h (420 mph) can be exploited (except for the I-225) to make a diving escape or high-speed pass depending on the scenario. Yak and La series aircraft also suffer from performance issues above 6,000 m, at such altitudes you will stand a far better chance of victory.

-The [[Hornet Mk.III|Hornet]], [[Ki-83]], & [[F7F-3|F7F]] have some of the best performance of any prop plane, and they climb far better than you. As all of these get an interceptor airspawn, a possible scenario leveling out at 6,000 m is seeing one of these two kilometres higher and closing fast. In such a situation, fighting in the vertical can be close to suicidal against such an energy advantage, and a last resort dive is often the only option. However, being heavy fighters, you can actually outturn these in more conventional manner (e.g. the horizontal), and an overshoot can quickly turn the tide in your favor.

-The [[Ta 152 H-1]] & [[G.56]] are pure energy fighters. In the hands of experienced pilots, these long-winged Axis superprops bring a deadly combination of speed, energy retention, and turnfighting to the table. Under no circumstances should you engage one of these at low altitude (<2,000 m), and/or low speed (<500 km/h) as they will make short work of your plane out of its element. Both stiffen in turns at higher speeds, however, and a skilled pilot can utilize the P-47M's excellent manoeuvrability at speed to gain the initiative. Be sure to end the engagement quickly or you will lose energy rapidly.

-The [[Tempest Mk II]] is everything you are below 3,000 m. As such, engaging with it at low altitude is extremely inadvisable as it produces unrivaled speed for a prop without a turbocharger and will outclimb near anything down there as well. It is roughly your equal in manoeuvrability, however, and finding yourself on its six will often end well. The only problem is catching it. Diving from higher altitudes is a tactic that leaves even jets helpless at times, and as such you can apply this to the jet-like Tempest if hunting it is important, but this can leave you open to attack from enemy teammates.

-The [[J2M (Family)|J2M]] family excels at vertical energy fighting and famously hangs until almost 0 km/h in a stall, while also possessing above-average climb rates. Should you encounter one, it is best to practice pure BnZ tactics against them. Their comparatively slow top-speed (615 km/h for the J2M5) cannot compete with the P-47M in a straight line. However, do not be fooled into climbing early/into a stall, as they can retain that speed very effectively in a climb and get easy shots on you.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 1 gear || Auto controlled
|-
|}
To get the most performance out of your Pratt & Whitney R-2800-57(C), use 120% mixture from 0 to 7,000 m, 100% mixture from 7,000 to 8,500 m, and 60% mixture above 8,500 m; the turbocharger allows for the richest mix (and the most HP) at almost any altitude you will fight at. The default setting on auto mixture controls is 60%, setting it higher at these altitudes allows you to squeeze some extra horsepower out of the engine, which significantly improves the rate of climb. It is possible to set the oil and engine radiators to 0% and not worry about overheating when not using WEP. However, it is possible to do this ''and'' utilize WEP for the full 13 minutes without overheating ''so long as'' propeller pitch is set to (and does not exceed) 85%. Using auto prop-pitch settings, prolonged WEP usage will overheat the engine. To run WEP for extended periods of time with auto prop-pitch, set the oil radiator to ~15%, and engine radiator from 25% to 50% as needed. It is important to note that you have a limited WEP duration of ~12 minutes. While this is enough to last through most engagements, during prolonged battles it does well to conserve the boost for when it is most needed.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Forgiving aircraft
* Eight deadly .50 cal M2 Brownings
* Great ground-attack ordnance selection
* Unrivalled high altitude performance
* Very good high-speed manoeuvrability, excellent vertical energy retention
* Enemies are often surprised by the enhanced performance of what is usually seen as an easy target
* Good climb rate; can keep up with many fighters at its battle rating, unlike its earlier variants
* Radial engine is good at soaking up damage from the rest of the aircraft
* Airbrakes
* Access to premium bonuses in Silver Lion and Research Points

'''Cons:'''

* Payloads encourage a low-altitude attacker playstyle, playing into P-47M's disadvantages
* Still needs to sideclimb due to higher performance enemies at 5.7
* Sluggish acceleration on the deck as the turbocharger doesn't produce much extra horsepower
* Inadequate performance near the ground means most enemy fighters will be able to catch you
* Bleeds energy very quickly in sharp turns
* Poor low-speed manoeuvrability: a prolonged turnfight almost always ends badly
* Large size and wingspan makes it easier for enemy fighters to score hits on you
* While protective, the engine will typically suffer disproportionately at the cost of keeping the plane intact
* Engine easily catches fire when hit by 13/15/20 mm shells

== History ==


Four P-47D-27 Aircraft were pulled from the production line at the Farmingdale factory and were fitted with the Pratt & Whitney R-2800-57(C) engine. They were also equipped with a larger CH-5 turbo-supercharger allowing the aircraft to reach 2,800 hp at 32,000 feet. Air brakes were also added underneath the wings to aid in deceleration and recovery during dives. These four prototypes were re-designated YP-47M.

The engine installations were eventually added to the last 130 P-47D-30s from Farmingdale in Sept of 1944. They were all re-designated P-47M-1-RE. It is important to note that the under-wing racks were not fitted to this aircraft. It was intended to be strictly a fighter. They were delivered in Dec. of 1944. The dorsal fins were later added as a field modification.

The M-variant saw service with the 56th Fighter Group but problems with the new highly tuned R-2800 delayed their use until the last weeks of the war in Europe. At one point the aircraft was pulled from service and replaced with D variants until the aircraft performed reliably. The P-47M was never used against V-1 flying bombs, its original target.

The P-47M is most remembered for Major George Bostwick's engagements with the [[Me 262 A-1a|Me 262]]. Bostwick shot down a Me 262 on March 25 1945. He was able to damage a second one a few days later on April 7th.

His P-47M-1-RE had the nickname "Ugly Duckling" and a striking paint scheme.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=p-47m-1-re Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|RO11u_Vim1I|'''Premium Review: {{PAGENAME}} [Jug is Love - Jug is Life]''' - ''Jengar''|tVzOxJBcTj8|'''{{PAGENAME}} - 5 Kills In 3 Minutes And Dominating Italians''' - ''Napalmratte''}}

== See also ==


;Carbon-copy vehicle

* [[Lanovski's P-47M-1-RE]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3073/current/|[Series] Maj. George Bostwick's P-47 Thunderbolt]]
* [http://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/234553-republic-p-47m/ Official WT forum Aircraft Data Sheet section: "Republic P-47M"]

{{AirManufacturer Republic}}
{{USA fighters}}
{{USA premium aircraft}}

Dolgushin's La-7

2024-01-21T22:48:19Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = premium Soviet fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = La-7 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=la-7_dolgushin
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

'''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Soviet fighter aircaft, belonging to Sergei Fjodorovich Dolgushin who was a Soviet WWII fighter ace with 15 victories solo and another 8 shared and also a recipient of Hero of the Soviet Union award. Dolgushin was born on 25th September 1920 in Novopokrovskoje, Tulsa Oblast and joined Red Army in 1937 to study on Kachin Military Aviation Pilot School where he graduated in 1940 in the same course as Vasiliy Stalin, J.V. Stalin´s youngest son. Dolgushin scored his first two kills on 22nd June 1941 when two German planes violated Soviet border. In May 1942 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union for exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time. In January 1943, Dolgushin was appointed squadron commander of 32th GIAP while the regiment was commanded by Vasiliy Stalin. In September 1943 Dolgushin was appointed commander of the 156th IAP which he commanded until the fall of 1946. He continued to serve in the army until leaving in 1979. Dolgushin died on 29th June 2011 in Moscow.

It was introduced as a [[wt:en/news/3071--en|premium pack]] in [[Update 1.49 "Weapons of Victory"]]. It was discontinued after the [[wt:en/news/4684-vday-victory-day-discounts-en/|2017 Victory Day sales]] and has since been made available briefly for purchase in the store on occasion, such as the [[wt:en/news/4527-shop-special-discounts-en|2017 "Special Discounts!"]], the [[wt:en/news/6170-special-victory-day-en|2019 Victory Day]] and the [[wt:en/news/7154-shop-may-sale-in-the-gaijin-store-en|2021 May]] sales. The plane is painted after the camouflage scheme of Soviet pilot Sergei F. Dolgushin in the 156th fighter aviation regiment from September 1944 onward. The playstyle and flight performance of the Dolgushin´s La-7 is essentially same as its tech tree counterpart.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,250 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 650 || 627 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.0 || 20.7 || 14.0 || 14.0 || rowspan="2" | 348
|-
! Upgraded
| 714 || 676 || 18.3 || 19.2 || 23.9 || 18.2
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 504 || 471 || 300 || ~13 || ~13
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 350 || < 350 || < 440 || > 230
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 55 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front
* 66 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit rear (Can be upgraded to 75 mm with ''Armored glass'' modification)
* 8.5 mm Steel plate behind the pilot (Can be upgraded to 10 mm with ''Rear armor plate'' modification)

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|ShVAK (20 mm)}}

'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, nose mounted (170 rpg = 340 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|FAB-50sv (50 kg)|FAB-100sv (100 kg)}}

'''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 50 kg FAB-50sv bombs (100 kg total)
* 2 x 100 kg FAB-100sv bombs (200 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:FighterImage_La7ShVAKbig.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Dolgushin's La-7.]]
The key to staying alive in the La-7 lies in deceiving the enemy. By flying at around 4.5 km altitude you present yourself as an easy target for Boom & Zoom aircraft that are flying at higher altitudes. When you spot someone diving at you, break off and evade his burst, while slowly luring him into manoeuvre combat - this way you will start gaining the edge while the enemy loses his speed and momentum in the turn. Another habit worth developing in the La-7 is ammo conservation - the ShVAK shoot fast and in RB it is a skill worth having - it is crucial to only take shots that you know will hit and aiming them carefully. This way you stand a bigger chance of critically damaging the enemy airplane. By following those rules you will soon find yourself researching the final Lavochkin piston fighter - the [[La-9]].

====Tactics====

The strengths of all La-7 variants lie in very good low altitude performance - ideally, you want to engage your enemies at altitudes lower than 5 km - higher up, the power output of the engine reduces drastically, making you an easy target. Aside from the speed, the La-7 possesses very good turning capabilities - while it is not as good a turner as some British and Japanese designs, it can give many German and US aircraft a run for their money.

===Manual Engine Control===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil
! Water
! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Excellent low altitude performance (< 3,000 m/9,843 ft)
* Decent manoeuvrability
* Great acceleration and climb
* Good roll rate
* Centre-mounted cannons
* Decent visibility
* Good speed in level flight
* Bomb options

'''Cons:'''

* Poor performance at high altitude (> 4,000 m/13,124 ft)
* Poor maximum dive speed
* Fast-firing cannons mean less fire time
* Tends to bleed energy
* Center-mounted cannons can be difficult to master
* Relatively poor durability- wings tend to rip at higher speeds compared to contemporaries

== History ==

[[File:Dolgushin_group_image.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Hero of the Soviet Union Sergei Dolgushin, Commander of 156. IAP (middle), with pilot colleagues in front of his La-7. Photo taken in Germany, 1945.]]

The concept of a new fighter for the Soviet Air Force was pitched in 1943. While the earlier Lavochkin La-5 proved to be one of the best Soviet fighters produced up to that point, the main designer of the La-5, Semyon Lavochkin, felt that it could be improved even further. Work on a completely new fighter began in the early months of 1944. The new fighter was supposed to be an improved version of the La-5 design. The changes included the incorporation of a lighter and more durable metal airframe in place of the earlier wooden one. Other changes included the mounting of a new gun sight and propeller, as well as the strengthening of the landing gear struts and streamlining of the wings. It was to be armed with three Berezin B-20 20 mm cannons, however, the delay in production meant that most new La-7s were armed with 2 x 20 mm ShVAK cannons, like its predecessor. After more tests, the new fighter was accepted into serial production in late 1944.

In September 1944, the first La-7s found their way onto the front lines with the 63rd Guard Fighter Aviation Corps. The reception of the new fighter was warm - it was faster and more manoeuvrable than the La-5, which meant it could more efficiently tackle the most common German fighter the Soviets faced: the Messerschmitt Bf 109 G. In certain circumstances, the speed allowed the Soviet pilots to intercept Fw 190 fighter-bombers - a feat impossible to achieve for other Soviet fighters like the Yak-3. The main critiques of the design were considered to be the engine reliability and armament - the twin 20 mm ShVAK cannons were judged as inadequate in fights against better-armoured Fw190s. Still, the La-7 became one of the most successful Soviet piston fighters of World War II. Soviet ace Ivan Kozhedub scored 17 kills while flying the La-7 - his last one being an [[Me_262_A-1a|Me 262]] jet. After the war, the La-7 was replaced by the La-9 prop fighter, although many were still used by other communist states as both fighters and trainer aircraft.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=la-7_dolgushin Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150">
Image:La7_rendering.jpg|An artist's rendering of [[Dolgushin's La-7]] fighter
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|OXWDzBIrtrA|'''Premium Review: Dolgushin's La 7 [STRONK]''' - ''Jengar''|50vhTNww5Zo|'''Dolgushin's La-7 Test Flight & History!''' - ''Viola Games''}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/3284-vehicle-profile-lavochkin-la-7-en|[Aircraft Profile] Lavochkin La-7]]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/109515-lavochkin-la-7/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Lavochkin}}
{{USSR fighters}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

Magach 6B

2024-01-20T15:52:45Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Israeli medium tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Magach (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=il_magach_6b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' (Bet) was an Israeli upgraded M60A1 tank, equipped with AVDS-1790-2C RISE (Reliability Improved Selected Equipment) engine instead of the AVDS-1790-2A. The tank itself also recieved a thermoinsulating coating for the barrel and tracks from Merkava Mk.1 MBT. Urdan low profile commander cupola was also installed, preventing the installation of the 12.7 mm machine gun previously used in the original one. The Magach 6B instead features additional 12.7 mm M2HB machine gun above the barrel and 7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40 machine in front of the commanders cupola.

The Magach 6B was introduced in [[Update "Wind of Change"]]. The Magach is very similar in playstyle to the M60A1 RISE featuring same level of protection with the commander cupola weakspot partially removed by the installation of the low profile one. The ammo is also slightly superior as the M111 shell offers 191 mm penetration at 60 degrees angle at 500m compared to 164 mm at 60 degrees at 500m found on the M735 that can be found on RISE. The Blazer ERA can save the user from some chemical rounds, however it have no effect on stopping kinetic rounds and any APFSDS round will have no issue penetrating the armour.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:''' 


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Armour !! Front (Slope angle) !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || ___ mm || ___ mm ''Top'' ___ mm ''Bottom'' || ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Turret || ___ - ___ mm ''Turret front'' ___ mm ''Gun mantlet'' || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm || ___ - ___ mm
|-
| Cupola || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm || ___ mm
|-
|}

'''Notes:''' 


=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=1,162|rbMinHp=663}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|Sharir (105 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Sharir (105 mm)|105 mm Sharir]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 63 || rowspan="2" | -10°/+20° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | Two-plane || 21.4 || 29.7 || 36.0 || 39.8 || 42.4 || rowspan="2" | 8.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.71 || rowspan="2" | 7.10 || rowspan="2" | 6.70
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 13.4 || 15.7 || 19.1 || 21.2 || 22.5
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:Sharir (105 mm)/Ammunition|M152, M156, M111, M416}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_Magach_6A.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the {{PAGENAME}}]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
|-
| '''63''' || 49 ''(+14)'' || 38 ''(+25)'' || 17 ''(+46)'' || 4 ''(+59)'' || 1 ''(+62)'' || No
|-
|}

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|3}}
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|4}}

{{main|M2HB (12.7 mm)|FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[M2HB (12.7 mm)|12.7 mm M2HB]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 1,000 (200) || 577 || N/A || N/A
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[FN MAG 60-40 (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm FN MAG 60-40]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 6,000 (200) || 600 || N/A || N/A
|-
| Pintle (loader) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+50° || ±120°
|-
| Pintle (commander) || 1,800 (200) || 600 || -10°/+60° || ±180°
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===

''Summarise and briefly evaluate the vehicle in terms of its characteristics and combat effectiveness. Mark its pros and cons in a bulleted list. Try not to use more than 6 points for each of the characteristics. Avoid using categorical definitions such as "bad", "good" and the like - use substitutions with softer forms such as "inadequate" and "effective".''

'''Pros:'''

*

'''Cons:'''

*

== History ==

''Describe the history of the creation and combat usage of the vehicle in more detail than in the introduction. If the historical reference turns out to be too long, take it to a separate article, taking a link to the article about the vehicle and adding a block "/History" (example: <nowiki>https://wiki.warthunder.com/(Vehicle-name)/History</nowiki>) and add a link to it here using the <code>main</code> template. Be sure to reference text and sources by using <code><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></code>, as well as adding them at the end of the article with <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code>. This section may also include the vehicle's dev blog entry (if applicable) and the in-game encyclopedia description (under <code><nowiki>=== In-game description ===</nowiki></code>, also if applicable).''

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=il_magach_6b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Sights
* [https://live.warthunder.com/post/1035654/en/ Caff_Gunner's (Israel) Historical and semi-historical gun reticles.]

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Magach (Family)]]

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{TankManufacturer Israeli Ordnance Corps}}
{{Israel medium tanks}}

Hampden TB Mk I (USSR)

2024-01-18T16:32:49Z

U2126463: /* Offensive armament */

{{About
| about = medium bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Hampden (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=hp52_hampden_tbmk1_ussr_utk1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British medium bomber serving also as a torpedo bomber. On 4th September 1942, 32 [[Hampden TB Mk I]] torpedo bombers from 144th Squadron RAF and 455th Squadron RAAF took off from their bases in the Shetlands to take part in Operation Orator, protecting the Murmansk-bound convoy PQ 18. The Hampdens flew over 3,900 km over sea and enemy territory until they arrived in Vayenga. Eight Hampdens were lost en route or damaged beyond repair. The British and Australian crews conducted a few sorties from Vayenga and were supposed to return with their Hampdens to Shetlands; however, strong headwinds prevented this as the Hampdens would not be able to reach their bases. The British instead trained Soviet crews in using the Hampdens and returned home by ship. The Soviet Navy's 24th Mine-Torpedo Aviation Regiment then operated the Hampdens until mid-1943 when lack of replacements and suitable spare parts forced them to withdraw them from service and return back to their original IL-4/DB-3 series bombers.

Introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]], the Hampden features quite impressive bomb load for its size, being able to destroy more than two bases in air realistic battles. It also has access to the British Mark XII torpedo, having slightly higher drop speed than its Soviet 45-36AN counterpart. Unlike its British cousin, the Hampden in Soviet service had its defensive armament strengthened, as the dorsal twin 7.7 mm Vickers machine guns were replaced by single 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun in rotating turret.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,250 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 382 || 366 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 35.4 || 36.0 || 6.9 || 6.9 || rowspan="2" | 326
|-
! Upgraded
| 436 || 406 || 32.6 || 34.0 || 14.5 || 9.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 506  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 388 || 359 || 210 || ~5 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 315 || < 310 || < 300 || > 200
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 9.5 mm Steel plate in front of pilot, top of fuselage.
* 9.5 mm Steel plate behind the dorsal gunner.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Browning machine gun, nose-mounted (300 rpg)

The Hampden is also armed with single 7.7 mm machine gun in its nose, offering very limited offensive capabilities.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|G.P. Mk.I (1,000 lb)|18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 1 x 450 mm 18 inch Mark XII torpedo
* 6 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs + 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (5,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|Vickers K (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, dorsal turret (1,200 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun, nose turret (1,000 rpg)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine guns, ventral turret (1,350 rpg = 2,700 total)

== Usage in battles ==

This bomber is strictly that; a bomber. With a mediocre defensive armament and only a single offensive 7.7, engaging enemy aircraft is an absolute last resort. The lack of defensive capabilities, combined with the thin tail and wings, make the Hampden TB a fragile aircraft. Upon spawning, climb at a very shallow angle to increase your speed and altitude at the same time. When the bomb points are in range, level off and drop your load. This will make you significantly lighter and allow you to return to base extremely quickly. During this time, one must take care to avoid aircraft that will now be at your altitude. A shallow dive will allow a boost in speed, and a corkscrew over the airfield will let you drop the remaining altitude without ripping due to speed.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


Any vehicle with an offensive armament of more than machine guns will shred the Hampden. Flak can be very dangerous due to the fragility of the aircraft, and the large glass nose almost always results in your forward gunner dying when engaging enemy units. All in all, avoid any contact with enemy vehicles.

====Counter-tactics====

For its BR, the Hampden is quite fast at altitude. It can turn well at lower speeds, but this feature should not be utilized if you're being engaged. The most effective method of escaping combat is to run, ditching your bombs if absolutely necessary. Its bottom and forward gunners can deal with unarmoured aircraft, but will struggle against anything with a small amount of armour. There is, however, a Berezin UB machine gun in the top rear turret that can effectively deal with most fighters if needed.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Carries a large payload for rank I aircraft
* Offensive machine gun can be useful for killing soft ground targets and fighters
* Top rear gunner makes short work of low tier planes
* Good speed and overall manoeuvrability for a bomber
* Can carry a torpedo for anti-shipping runs

'''Cons:'''

* Roll rate is to be expected of a fast bomber
* Cannons obliterate the airframe easily
* Vickers K machine guns lack accuracy
* British torpedoes require a low drop speed

== History ==

The Handley Page Hampden was the last and fastest twin-engined bomber of the aircraft designed to meet Air Ministry Specification B.9/32. Which called for a faster, heavier, and more powerful bomber that would replace the existing Bristol Blenheim and the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley. The designer, G.V Vokert, designed an interesting prototype, designated HP.52. This plane was originally equipped with Napier Sabre Dagger engines, but switched to the more powerful Bristol Pegasus radial engines. Originally the Hampden had two Vickers K gun in ventral and dorsal positions, which proved to be inadequate for daylight defense. This was then switched to two Vickers K gun with modifications. The Hampden had many nicknames because of the slim, compact, and cramped fuselage. It was often nicknamed the "Flying Suitcase". Oddly similar in role and appearance to the German fast day-bomber Do 17, which had the nickname the "Flying Pencil".

RAF Squadron No.49 was the first to receive their new Hampdens. Bearing the brunt of early bombing raids on Europe, the Hampden proved no match for Luftwaffe fighters. It was subsequently switched to various night time operations, such as mine-laying, bombing raids on German soil, propaganda, and torpedo bombing. Despite having great speed and manoeuvrability, the Hampden was declared obsolete and retired from service in 1942.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=hp52_hampden_tbmk1_ussr_utk1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Lec0mwCN81I|'''The Shooting Range #84''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 10:41 discusses the Hampden TB Mk I (USSR).}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/342039-handley-page-hampden-mk-1-tb-1-tb-1-utk/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Handley}}
{{USSR bombers}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

Hampden TB Mk I (USSR)

2024-01-17T18:30:13Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = medium bomber '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Hampden (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=hp52_hampden_tbmk1_ussr_utk1
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British medium bomber serving also as a torpedo bomber. On 4th September 1942 32 Hampden TB.1 torpedo bombers from 144th RAF and 455th Squadron RAAF took off from their bases in the Shetlands to take part in Operation Orator, protecting the Murmansk bound convoy PQ 18. The Hampdens flew over 3900 km above sea and enemy territory until they arrived to Vaenga. Eight Hampdens were lost en route or damaged beyond repair. The British and Australian crews conducted few sorties from Vaenga and were supposed to return with Hampdens to Shetlands, however the strong head wind prevented this as the Hampdens would not be able to reach their bases. British instead trained Soviet crews in using the Hampdens and returned home using ships. Soviet Navy´s 24th Mine-Torpedo Aviation Regiment then operated the Hampdens until mid 1943 when lack of replacements and suitable spare parts forced them to withdraw them from service and return back to their original IL-4/DB-3 series bombers.

The Hampden was introduced in [[Update 1.65 "Way of the Samurai"]] as a GE premium in Soviet tech tree. The Hampden features quite impressive bomb load for its size, being able to destroy more than two bases in air realistic battles. It also have access to British Mark XII torpedo having slightly higher drop speed than its Soviet 45-36AN counterpart. Unlike it´s British cousin, the Hampden in Soviet service had its defensive armament strenghtened as the dorsal twin 7.7 mm Vickers machine guns were replaced by single 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun in rotating turret.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,250 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 382 || 366 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 35.4 || 36.0 || 6.9 || 6.9 || rowspan="2" | 326
|-
! Upgraded
| 436 || 406 || 32.6 || 34.0 || 14.5 || 9.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 506  || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 388 || 359 || 210 || ~5 || ~3
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 315 || < 310 || < 300 || > 200
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 9.5 mm Steel plate in front of pilot, top of fuselage.
* 9.5 mm Steel plate behind the dorsal gunner.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 1 x 7.7 mm Browning machine gun, nose-mounted (300 rpg)

The four machine guns are arranged in bundles of two mounted on the underside of the upper wing. Each are armed with the same amount of ammunition, which means that all guns will fire with each other until empty.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|G.P. Mk.I (1,000 lb)|18 inch Mark XII (450 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* 6 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 4 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (2,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs (4,000 lb total)
* 1 x 450 mm 18 inch Mark XII torpedo
* 6 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (3,000 lb total)
* 4 x 1,000 lb G.P. Mk.I bombs + 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (5,000 lb total)

=== Defensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Defensive}}

{{main|Berezin UB (12.7 mm)|Vickers K (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is defended by:

* 1 x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine gun, dorsal turret (1,200 rpg)
* 1 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine gun, nose turret (1,000 rpg)
* 2 x 7.7 mm Vickers K machine guns, ventral turret (1,350 rpg = 2,700 total)

== Usage in battles ==

This bomber is strictly that; a bomber. With a mediocre defensive armament and only a single offensive 7.7, engaging enemy aircraft is an absolute last resort. The lack of defensive capabilities, combined with the thin tail and wings, make the Hampden TB a fragile aircraft. Upon spawning, climb at a very shallow angle to increase your speed and altitude at the same time. When the bomb points are in range, level off and drop your load. This will make you significantly lighter and allow you to return to base extremely quickly. During this time, one must take care to avoid aircraft that will now be at your altitude. A shallow dive will allow a boost in speed, and a corkscrew over the airfield will let you drop the remaining altitude without ripping due to speed.

====Specific enemies worth noting====


Any vehicle with an offensive armament of more than machine guns will shred the Hampden. Flak can be very dangerous due to the fragility of the aircraft, and the large glass nose almost always results in your forward gunner dying when engaging enemy units. All in all, avoid any contact with enemy vehicles.

====Counter-tactics====

For its BR, the Hampden is quite fast at altitude. It can turn well at lower speeds, but this feature should not be utilized if you're being engaged. The most effective method of escaping combat is to run, ditching your bombs if absolutely necessary. Its bottom and forward gunners can deal with unarmoured aircraft, but will struggle against anything with a small amount of armour. There is, however, a Berezin UB machine gun in the top rear turret that can effectively deal with most fighters if needed.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Carries a large payload for rank I aircraft
* Offensive machine gun can be useful for killing soft ground targets and fighters
* Top rear gunner makes short work of low tier planes
* Good speed and overall manoeuvrability for a bomber
* Can carry a torpedo for anti-shipping runs

'''Cons:'''

* Roll rate is to be expected of a fast bomber
* Cannons obliterate the airframe easily
* Vickers K machine guns lack accuracy
* British torpedoes require a low drop speed

== History ==

The Handley Page Hampden was the last and fastest twin-engined bomber of the aircraft designed to meet Air Ministry Specification B.9/32. Which called for a faster, heavier, and more powerful bomber that would replace the existing Bristol Blenheim and the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley. The designer, G.V Vokert, designed an interesting prototype, designated HP.52. This plane was originally equipped with Napier Sabre Dagger engines, but switched to the more powerful Bristol Pegasus radial engines. Originally the Hampden had two Vickers K gun in ventral and dorsal positions, which proved to be inadequate for daylight defense. This was then switched to two Vickers K gun with modifications. The Hampden had many nicknames because of the slim, compact, and cramped fuselage. It was often nicknamed the "Flying Suitcase". Oddly similar in role and appearance to the German fast day-bomber Do 17, which had the nickname the "Flying Pencil".

RAF Squadron No.49 was the first to receive their new Hampdens. Bearing the brunt of early bombing raids on Europe, the Hampden proved no match for Luftwaffe fighters. It was subsequently switched to various night time operations, such as mine-laying, bombing raids on German soil, propaganda, and torpedo bombing. Despite having great speed and manoeuvrability, the Hampden was declared obsolete and retired from service in 1942.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=hp52_hampden_tbmk1_ussr_utk1 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Lec0mwCN81I|'''The Shooting Range #84''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 10:41 discusses the Hampden TB Mk I (USSR).}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/342039-handley-page-hampden-mk-1-tb-1-tb-1-utk/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Handley}}
{{USSR bombers}}
{{USSR premium aircraft}}

Spitfire F Mk 24

2024-01-14T22:02:51Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_f24
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British WWII period fighter,the last production model of the famous Supermarine Spitfire. A total of 54 Mk 24 were manufactured, with 27 rebuilt from Mk 22. The Mk 24 was vastly similar to the previous Mk 22, with the exception of having two rear fuselage fuel tanks installed aswell as different rocket mountings allowing for installation of up to eight RP-3 rockets as opposed to six at Mk 22. The main armament also differed, as the Mk 24 was armed with four 20 mm Hispano Mk. V cannons as opposed to Mk. II at Spitfire Mk 22.

The Spitfire F Mk 24 was introduced in [[Update 1.39]]. The Spitfire F Mk 24 is pinnacle of piston powered aircraft, one of the first superprops. The playstyle of Mk 24 is very simillar to the previous Griffon powered Spitfires, with the exception of different armament as the Mk 24 is armed with four 20 mm Hispano cannons. Early jet aircraft that pilots may come across are at severe disadvantage when encountering Spitfire. The Spitfire can out turn and also catch in dive vast majority of these. The Mk 24 also posses higher engine power due to the usage of 150 octane fuel, which is unavailable for the previous Mk 22.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,232 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 721 || 699 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.4 || 20.2 || 19.8 || 19.8 || rowspan="2" | 420
|-
! Upgraded
| 837 || 778 || 17.2 || 17.6 || 39.4 || 28.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 482 || < 400 || < 400 || > 500
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,600 m || 1,510 hp || 2,190 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,600 m || 1,360 hp || 1,993 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 3 mm Steel - Armour plating ammo cover (both wings)
* 6 mm Steel - Upper prop hub plate
* 12.7 mm Steel - Fore cockpit armour plate
* 4 mm Steel - Pilot's seat
* 7 mm Steel - Behind pilot's seat
* 4 mm Steel - Pilot's headrest
* 42.8 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The Spitfire F Mk 24's performance relies on its engine and that should thus be the focus of research. It is recommended you progress through your research in the following order:

# Radiator
# Compressor
# Airframe
# Offensive 20 mm
# Engine
# Engine injection
# 150 octane fuel
# Wings repair
# Cover
# Fuselage Repair

After you have researched all of the above, complete the remaining research in any order. The Offensive 20 mm upgrade is incredibly useful due to the power of the "Air targets" belt on Hispano Mk.II cannons, which is why it is prioritized over the Engine upgrades even with the focus on engine-related upgrades.

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (175 rpg inner + 150 rpg outer = 650 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 3 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (750 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bomb + 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 3 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 8 x RP-3 rockets
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs + 4 x RP-3 rockets (500 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:FighterImage_Spitfire_F_Mk_24.jpg|thumbnail|right|The new wing shape and larger control surfaces of the 22/24 series are a distinctive feature of the aircraft.]]
The Spitfire F Mk 24 is an outstanding plane in realistic battles with few weaknesses, meaning the enemy will have a really hard time either catching the Mk 24 or shaking it off of their tail, and only the most skilled of opponents will stand a chance.

It is very important to monitor your energy state, as the Spitfire F Mk 24 is a relatively large fighter aircraft and will be a big target at low speeds.

The main task for a Mk 24 pilot is to utilize the immense power of the Rolls-Royce Griffon engine, which allows the Spitfire to climb at an insanely high rate. The pilot should always use his climb rate to his advantage in combat, using his altitude to dictate the terms of an engagement. Target altitude should usually be around 5-6 km on smaller maps and 6-7 km on larger maps such as Norway or Spain where the Griffon engine will perform optimally.

The Spitfire F Mk 24's main combat tactic is Boom & Zooming due to its outstanding speed, armament, and engine output. Because of the last point, Energy fighting is an option open to the Mk 24 as well, when engaging an enemy separated from his team. The Rolls-Royce Griffon engine is what opens the Spitfire F Mk 24 to both of these tactics. Not only does the Griffon engine bestow the Mk 24 with incredible top speed, but it also causes the fighter to accelerate incredibly fast allowing it to keep its speed for longer even in a sharp climb.

Although boom-and-zooming and energy fighting are the main tactics of the Spitfire F Mk 24, the fighter is also able to keep up with most enemies in-turn fights with few exceptions (namely Japanese fighters). Try to maintain a speed of between 400-500 km/h; this is where the plane maintains a high turn rate. Turning below this velocity against planes such as the [[P-51H-5-NA]] is not recommended. The Mk 24 should avoid combat at low altitude especially versus Soviet fighters who excel below 4 km. The Mk 24's strength is at high altitude combat, where it can fully utilize the power of its Griffon engine.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Powerful engine which provides incredible climb rate, good acceleration and top speed
* Equipped with 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, which are highly powerful and have a high rate of fire
* Incredible at energy fighting
* Performs extremely well at medium to high altitudes
* Excellent acceleration in a dive
* High turn rate at medium speeds
* Is an excellent vehicle to go against jets with
* Very good roll rate
* Very high wing rip speed
* Works well with manual engine control

'''Cons:'''

* Armament is mounted on the wings
* Wings are susceptible to shearing at higher speeds
* WEP causes the plane to consume fuel at a fast rate
* Suffers at lower altitudes where the engine isn't operating at full potential
* Relatively poor low-speed performance
* Mostly faces jets
* Underwing radiators create a large amount of drag, especially when open

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Supermarine Spitfire Mk.24 was a single engine, single seat fighter which served with the Royal Air Force during the early post war period. The Mk.24 was the very last land based Spitfire of the long and illustrious line of fighters. It differed only from late production Spitfire Mk.22s in having two extra fuel tanks fitted in the rear fuselage and provisions for under wing rockets. Late versions of the Spitfire Mk.24 were also fitted with the short barrel 20 mm Hispano Mk.V cannon. Only 54 Spitfire Mk.24s were built with a further 27 being converted from Mk.22 airframes.

Contra-rotating propellers were tested on the Mk.21, 22 and 24 Spitfires but were still not perfected in time to see service on this last Spitfire variant. The contra-rotating propeller would, however see front line service with the Fleet Air Arm's Seafire Mk.46 and Mk.47. The Spitfire Mk.24 entered service in 1946 with No.80 Squadron in Gutersloh, Germany; the squadron later moved to Hong Kong. In January 1952 the RAF's last front line Spitfire squadron handed its aircraft over to the Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force, ending a legacy of over 25 years of perhaps the most famous and iconic fighter aircraft in aviation history.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=spitfire_f24 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MNacjyimuCQ|'''The Shooting Range #95''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 06:03 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|YrotBJk-VYk|'''The Shooting Range #124''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:28 discusses the Griffon Spitfires.|Fjh-tTr6TPs|'''Best Combo #2''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 2:00 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''|4v3fxupuZPA|'''Last piston fighters''' discusses the {{PAGENAME}} at 3:29 - ''War Thunder Official Channel''}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Spitfire (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341992-supermarine-spitfire-fmk24/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Spitfire F Mk 22

2024-01-14T21:57:40Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_f22
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British WWII period fighter, one of the last models of the famous Supermarine Spitfire. The Mk 22 was derived from the previous Mk 21, differing in lowered rear part of the fuselage and bubble canopy. However this change led to stability problems, which in turn led to not having fuselage fuel tank installed. The problem was solved in December 1945 when entire rear fuselage and tail section of then developed Supermarine Spiteful was installed. RAF initially ordered 627, however the end of war decreased the number to 260. Twenty Spitfires were sold to Egypt, eleven to Rhodesia and ten to Syria.

The Spitfire F Mk 22 was introduced in [[Update 1.39]]. The Spitfire F Mk 22 is pinnacle of piston powered aircraft, one of the first superprops. The playstyle of Mk 22 is very simillar to the previous Griffon powered Spitfires, with the exception of different armament as the Mk 22 is armed with four 20 mm Hispano cannons. Early jet aircraft that pilots may come across are at severe disadvantage when encountering Spitfire. The Spitfire can out turn and also catch in dive vast majority of these.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,232 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 706 || 685 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.4 || 20.2 || 18.5 || 18.5 || rowspan="2" | 420
|-
! Upgraded
| 788 || 740 || 17.3 || 18.2 || 31.5 || 23.7
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~11 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 482 || < 400 || < 400 || > 500
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 42.8 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 4 mm Steel - Armoured pilot seat
* 4 mm Steel - Armour plate behind the pilot seat
* 7 mm Steel - Armour plate behind the pilot seat
* 3 mm Steel - Armoured boxes around the wing ammunition (each wing)
* 12.7 mm Steel - Armoured plate between fuel tanks.
* 6 mm Steel - Armoured plate in front of the liquid cooling system.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

Suggested research order:

# Fuselage Repair
# Radiator
# Compressor
# Airframe
# Offensive 20 mm
# Engine
# Wings Repair
# Fuel Injection
# Cover (many of the upgrades are crucial to boosting the aircraft's speed and climb rate)

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (150 rpg outer + 175 rpg inner = 650 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 3 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (750 lb total)
* 2 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bomb + 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 3 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,500 lb total)
* 6 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

[[File:FighterImage_Spitfire_F_Mk_24.jpg|thumbnail|right|The new wing shape and larger control surfaces of the 22/24 series are a distinctive feature of the aircraft.]]
The Spitfire F Mk 22 an excellent plane in realistic battles with relatively few weaknesses, so the enemy will have a really hard time shaking the Spitfire off of its tail and only few will succeed.

The Spitfire F Mk 22 can keep up with most enemies in turnfights, excluding most Japanese fighters, other British fighters and several Bf 109s, all of which are more agile. Try to maintain a speed of between 400-500 km/h IAS; this is where the plane maintains great agility, turnfighting below this velocity against planes such as the [[Bf 109 G-14]] is really not recommended. It is very important to avoid hard turning above 500 km/h IAS, because the plane may lose its wing.

The main task for a pilot is to utilize the great climb rate to gain an altitude advantage on enemy fighters (altitude allows you to control engagements). Target altitude should usually be around 5-6 km on smaller maps and 6-7 km on larger maps such as Norway and Spain. The main form of attack (especially when there are more fighters around the target) is Boom & Zoom. Energy fighting is an option too, if in a 1-vs-1 situation. The Griffon Spitfire is an excellent energy fighter, the Griffon engine provides a tremendous amount of horsepower which can be used to gain speed quickly and climb back at a safe altitude. Remember to maintain speed, altitude advantage, and judge the energy state before engaging an aircraft.

When fighting propeller aircraft, you should use your superior engine power and flight characteristics to your advantage. Fighters should be engaged based on their individual strengths and weaknesses. When facing Soviet fighters it is not recommended to duel them below 4,000 m. Maintain altitude and energy and get your guns on target. Do not commit to head-on attacks and do not burn all your energy in a turnfight with a Bf 109 or a Japanese fighter, this Spitfire handles differently to the previous ones in the series.

=== Specific enemies worth noting ===

* Heavy bombers: they are best left to heavy fighters like the [[F-82E]] twin-mustang or the de Havilland Hornet due to their more potent, nose-mounted armament. If you must engage a bomber, you should engage from directly below or above, or in a head-on. Closing in from behind or the sides, you are exposing yourself to a barrage of heavy machineguns and autocannons which will shred your flimsy airframe. Most bombers only have a single defensive armament in the nose and above and below are typically gunner dead-zones or entirely unarmed. A two-engine bomber requires both to remain aloft, take one out and it will surely die. 4-engine bombers only need 2 or 3, so aiming for the engines is ill-advised. For these, you should take out the pilot or destroy the wing-tips to cause the bomber to fall into a flat spin. Alternatively, you can take out the tail controls to disable a bomber (this however requires a rearward engagement which is most dangerous).

* Jet fighters: they are strong, though not infallible. German and Japanese jets tend to have horrific performance at altitudes exceeding 4,500 m. You can bait them up and energy trap them. Once they have lost their speed they are incredibly vulnerable due to their atrocious acceleration, which you can exploit and quickly gain on them. Soviet jets also suffer above about 5,000 m. They also have very little ammunition and low speeds. American jets are the biggest issue: your best bet is to bait them into turnfighting or losing their energy, where they are most vulnerable.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 4 cannons with a high rate of fire
* Excellent climb rate
* Quite agile at medium and higher speeds
* Very responsive elevator (starts to lock at speeds above 600 km/h IAS)
* Greatly improved high-speed handling relative to previous spitfires
* Wing rip speed is noticeably higher than previous spitfires
* Brutal acceleration when using WEP
* Good performance at higher altitudes
* Excellent roll rate

'''Cons:'''

* From time to time, pitted against jets which can be tricky to outmanoeuvre
* Poor agility at lower speeds and significant drag/mass ratio at high speeds limits optimal combat speed range
* Easily set on fire due to the location of the fuel tanks
* Landing gear rips very easily during take-off and landing travelling in excess of 260 km/h
* Landing flaps also break off at roughly the same speed as the gear
* Somewhat sluggish without utilizing WEP
* Very sluggish when stock

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Supermarine Spitfire Mk.22 was a single engine, single seat fighter which served with the Royal Air Force during the early post war period. When the first Rolls Royce Griffon equipped Spitfires were tested it was obvious that a stronger airframe would be needed to harness the full power of the new engine. Added to this was the requirement for a much stiffer wing; the result of these findings was the Spitfire Mk.21. The Mk.21 was also fitted with larger ailerons and the same 2050 hp Griffon 65 engine which was fitted to the Mk.XIV and Mk.XVIII. By this point in the aircraft's life, the Spitfire was so different from RJ Mitchell's original concept that the notion of renaming the new aircraft the 'Victor' was considered.

The Air Fighting Development Unit at RAF Boscombe Down began to test the Mk.21 in late 1944, but were deeply unhappy with the new Spitfire and recommended that no further attempts were made to progress the basic Spitfire design. Chief amongst the AFDU's complaints was directional instability: Supermarine attempted to solve this problem by modifying the control surfaces. It was only with the introduction of a new, enlarged tailfin and tail plane which finally solved the instability problems.

The Mk.22 differed from the Mk.21 only in having a teardrop bubble canopy – a change which had not required a new mark number in previous Spitfires – and a different electrical system. The Mk.22, as with the Mk.21, was armed with four 20mm Hispano cannons. The Mk.22 was more prolific and more successful than the Mk.21, with some 280 aircraft being manufactured. It was used to equip No.73 Squadron and twelve squadrons of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force. In 1955 the Spitfire Mk.22 was declared obsolete by the RAF and many were exported to South Rhodesia, Syria and Egypt.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=spitfire_f22 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MNacjyimuCQ|'''The Shooting Range #95''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 05:10 discusses the Spitfire F Mk 22.|YrotBJk-VYk|'''The Shooting Range #124''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:28 discusses the Griffons.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341991-supermarine-spitfire-f-mk-22/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Spitfire F Mk XVIIIe

2024-01-14T01:07:55Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_mk18e
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British WWII period fighter. Although visually simillar as the Spitfire Mk. XIV, the Mk. XVIIIe was a purpose built from scratch as a new project, unlike Mk. XIV which was Spitfire Mk. VIII fuselage with Griffon engine. The Mk XVIIIe recieved strenghtened fuselage, gear and airframe due to the added weight of the additional wing and fuselage fuel tanks. 299 of the Mk XVIIIe were made, first 99 being in fighter version, while the remaining 200 in photo reconnaisance version. The Mk. XVIIIe was armed with a type "E" wing featuring two 20 mm Hispano cannons and two 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns. The Mk. XVIIIe came too late to take part in WWII. Instead, between 1948 and 1949, they were engaging in fighting Egyptian and Israeli Spitfires with 32nd and 208th Squadron RAF in Palestine.

The Spitfire F Mk XVIIIe was introduced in [[Update 1.41]]. Featuring a much bigger engine power due to its Griffon engine, the Mk XVIIIe is faster than the previous Merlin powered variants, at cost of decreased manoeuverability. However the Spitfire is still able to out turn most of its opponents while retaining the great climb rate and speed aswell as superior armament.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 7,927 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 687 || 664 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 19.2 || 19.9 || 17.9 || 17.9 || rowspan="2" | 420
|-
! Upgraded
| 765 || 718 || 17.4 || 18.1 || 35.8 || 23.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 500
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,600 m || 1,510 hp || 2,129 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,600 m || 1,320 hp || 1,824 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 6 mm Steel plate in front of engine above the propeller.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate between fuel tanks.
* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot.
* 4 mm Steel plates behind the pilot, coupled with another 4-7 mm Steel plate behind that.
* 3 mm Steel plates around ammunition.

* Critical components located at the front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* More fuel tanks located in wings leading edge

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|M2 Browning (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (135 rpg = 270 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm M2 Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (260 rpg = 520 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (250 lb)|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)|RP-3}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (500 lb total)
* 3 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (750 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bomb (500 lb total)
* 1 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bomb + 2 x 250 lb G.P. Mk.IV bombs (1,000 lb total)
* 8 x RP-3 rockets

== Usage in battles ==

The Spitfire F Mk XVIIIe is nearly identical in playstyle to its predecessor, the Spitfire Mk XIVe. The only major difference between the two vehicles is the latter's ability to carry a larger and more diverse selection of suspended armament. Primarily, the Spitfire is the pinnacle of dogfighting at mid to high altitude. This fighter excels at catching unsuspecting pilots still climbing to altitude and excels in a turning and energy fighting playstyle.

With a powerful Griffon engine, this plane has amazing acceleration and climb rate--even better than that of the Merlin Spitfires. Although less manoeuvrable than they are, this Spitfire is still very capable in turnfights. Indeed, its mix of turning ability and engine performance is one of this vehicle's greatest strengths.

This aircraft has an ideal operating altitude of between 4,000 m and 6,000 m due to the properties of the Griffon engine, but this aircraft has no problems climbing past that altitude. However, manoeuvrability is slightly compromised at altitudes higher than 7,000 m. This aircraft excels at energy dogfighting, a mix between energy fighting and dogfighting. The insanely good acceleration coupled with the great climb rate and energy retention allows this aircraft to excel in horizontal dogfighting as well as vertical energy manoeuvres. Don't get into extended energy fights as many pure energy fighters can outdo this aircraft in pure energy fights.

American aircraft can outdo this plane in speed and energy retention, but cannot dogfight this plane very well. German planes are even more dangerous due to their high top speed and energy retention. This plane can adequately fight Japanese aircraft, but Zeroes can turn faster than the Spitfire, though they don't accelerate in a straight line as quickly. If you stay up above 4,000 m, you can deal effectively with most Soviet aircraft, which perform best lower down.

Boom and zoom attacks and pure energy fights are this plane's weakness; it does not hold up well in drawn-out fights of speed.

This plane is armed with both 20 mm cannons and 12.7 mm machine guns. They don't carry an extremely large ammunition pool but don't have too little either. A little bit of spray is fine, but it would still be wise to keep an eye on ammo count. In order to preserve cannon ammo, it is possible to fire the machine guns independently; this can be helpful in gauging the lead required to fire at enemies far away.

Additionally, this vehicle can mount up to 1,000 lbs of bombs or 8 RP-3 rockets. These can be used in Air Realistic Battles to destroy pillboxes and tanks. Even better, they are deadly in Ground Realistic battles, where they can destroy even heavily-armoured tanks. The quantity of suspended armament available to this aircraft and its very good dogfighting capabilities make this plane very effective in mixed battles: after dropping ordnance to destroy ground targets, the pilot can then shift to an air-superiority role, protecting friendly ground units from enemy attackers and fighters.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great rate of climb
* Excellent turning ability and good roll rate
* Good zoom climber
* Fast acceleration
* Cools well at 100% throttle
* Dive speed and handling is very good
* Able to mount bombs or rockets

'''Cons:'''

* Engine and cooling systems are easily damaged
* Requires slow landing speeds
* Unimpressive ammunition count

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Supermarine Spitfire Mk.XVIII was a single engine single, seat fighter which served with the Royal Air Force during the early post war period. After the initial teething problems encountered with the introduction of the Rolls Royce Griffon engine to the Spitfire line, the Spitfire Mk.XIV had been used successfully in large numbers in the European Theatre of Operations. The Mk.XIV had seen notable modifications and transitions throughout its wartime service; the Spitfire Mk.XVIII built on this experience.

The Spitfire Mk.XVIII was also equipped with a Rolls Royce Griffon 65 engine with two stage supercharger rated at 2050 hp, high visibility teardrop canopy and a Type E Wing with two Hispano 20 mm cannon and two .50 cal Browning machine guns or four 20 mm cannons and externally was very similar to the later production Mk.XIV Spitfires. However, the Spitfire Mk.XVIII also featured a strengthened fuselage and an additional 31-gallon fuel tank in the rear fuselage.

The Spitfire Mk.XVIII entered service with No.60 Squadron at Singapore in January 1947. The Mk.XVIII was used offensively against insurgents during the Malayan uprising. The Mk.XVIII was also involved in air-to-air combat during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War where in one famous incident, two Israeli Spitfire Mk.IXs flown by a Canadian and an American pilot shot down four RAF Spitfire Mk.XVIIIs of No.208 Squadron.

Some 300 Spitfire Mk.XVIIIs were built with only the Royal Indian Air Force purchasing 20 as an export customer.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=spitfire_mk18e Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MNacjyimuCQ|'''The Shooting Range #95''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 04:39 discusses the Spitfire F Mk XVIIIe.|YrotBJk-VYk|'''The Shooting Range #124''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:28 discusses the Griffons.|8POTLnXuS_I|'''Hangar 10''' - 37 litre GRIFFON Spitfire Mk.18.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''
* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341990-supermarine-spitfire-fmkxviiie/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

Spitfire F Mk XIVc

2024-01-14T00:58:49Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = premium British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_mk14c
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British WWII period fighter. The Spitfire F Mk XIVc was a product of installing a Rolls Royce Griffon 60 engine into a fuselage of existing Spitfire Mk. VIII which was experimental series of about 100 Griffon powered Spitfires. The fuselage was lenghtened to 9 950 mm and new wing fuel tanks had to be installed due to higher fuel consumption of the Griffon engine compared to the previous Merlin. The Mk XIVc also recieved new five blade Rotol propeller and a "C" type wing with two 20 mm Hispano cannons and four 7.7 mm Browning machine guns. The Mk XIVs were primarily used as a V-1 flying bomb hunters due to their high speed while utilizing 150 octane fuel.

The Spitfire F Mk XIVc was introduced in [[Update 1.41]]. Featuring a much bigger engine power due to its Griffon engine, the Mk XIVc is faster than the previous Merlin powered variants, at cost of decreased manoeuverability. However the Spitfire is still able to out turn most of its opponents while retaining the great climb rate and speed.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


While it does have the older wing and body type of pre-Griffon Spitfires, this aircraft takes the best of both worlds and becomes a monster at its rank. Utilizing the powerful Griffon engine, this plane has amazing acceleration and climb rate, even better than the Merlin variants. This aircraft does not compromise on manoeuvrability as it can still turn on a dime. Beware of the brittle wing construction as taking hard G turns at 600 km/h and beyond can break its wings.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,537 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 694 || 671 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.4 || 19.1 || 18.8 || 18.8 || rowspan="2" | 400
|-
! Upgraded
| 770 || 726 || 16.7 || 17.3 || 32.5 || 24.3
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~13 || ~8
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 500
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 42.8 mm Bulletproof glass in front of the pilot.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate between fuel tanks.
* 4 mm Steel plate on pilot's seat. Behind pilot is another 6-7 mm steel plate.
* 3 mm Steel plates around ammunition.
* Critical components located at the front of aircraft (fuel, pilot, engine, controls)
* More fuel tanks located in wings near the fuselage

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Browning (7.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (120 rpg = 240 total)
* 4 x 7.7 mm Browning machine guns, wing-mounted (350 rpg = 1,400 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. Mk.IV (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 500 lb G.P. Mk.IV bomb (500 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Spitfire F Mk.XIVc is the pinnacle of dogfighting at mid to high altitude. Primarily a fighter, this plane excels at catching unsuspecting pilots still climbing to altitude and amazing at the spitfire trademark of dogfighting.

==== Tactics ====
This aircraft has an ideal operating altitude of between 4,000 and 6,000 m due to the properties of the Griffon engine, but this aircraft has no problems climbing past that altitude, though manoeuvrability is slightly compromised at altitudes higher than 7,000 m. This aircraft excels at energy dogfighting, a mix between energy fighting and dogfighting. The insanely good acceleration coupled with the great climb rate and energy retention allows this aircraft to excel in horizontal dogfighting as well as vertical energy manoeuvres. Don't get into extended energy fights as many pure energy fighters can outdo this aircraft in pure energy fights.

==== Specific enemies worth noting ====
American aircraft can really outdo this plane in speed and energy retention, but cannot dogfight this plane very well. German planes are even more dangerous due to their high top speed and energy retention. This plane can adequately fight Japanese aircraft, but Zeroes can turn faster than you can, though they don't accelerate in a straight line as fast. If you stay up above 4,000 m, you can deal with most Soviet aircraft effectively.

==== Counter-tactics ====
Booming and zooming and pure energy fights are this plane's weaknesses, it does not hold up well in drawn-out fights of speed.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Famed Hispano Mk.IIs provide excellent damage in tandem with the ''Air targets'' belt
* 7.7 mm ''Tracer'' belt can help with aiming, as the Brownings and the Hispanos have a similar muzzle velocity
* Great turning ability
* Effective climb rate
* Smaller repair costs than normal tree variant
* Excellent acceleration
* Extremely powerful Rolls-Royce Griffon engine provides solid medium-to-high altitude performance
* Above-average roll rate at medium speeds
* Can equip a single 500 lb bomb for ground attack
* Has relatively no trouble when being up-tiered
* Effective earner of Silver Lions and Research Points

'''Cons:'''

* Its characteristics are not as refined as the normal tree variant.
* As with all Spitfires, it has an airframe that is very vulnerable to battle damage
* 7.7 mm Brownings have low stopping power and are woefully inadequate at this rank
* Controls stiffen up at high speeds
* Carrying the 500 lb bomb is a waste of the plane's dogfighting potential

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Supermarine Spitfire Mk.XIV was a single engine, single seat fighter which served with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. In 1941 the Spitfire Mk.IV was the first Spitfire to be trialed with the new Rolls Royce Griffon engine. By the time the Griffon Spitfire entered service with the RAF in February 1943, subsequent modifications had redesignated the aircraft as the Spitfire Mk.XII. As successful as this new Spitfire was at low altitudes, the Mk.XII's performance was actually inferior to the Merlin engine Mk.IX at medium and high altitudes.

Thus, the Spitfire Mk.XIV entered service as an interim fix. Fitted with a Rolls Royce Griffon 65 with two-stage supercharger producing 2050 hp, the Mk.XIV immediately corrected many of the performance shortcomings suffered by the Mk.XII. The fuselage was strengthened to harness the powerful engine and a five bladed Rotol propeller replaced the earlier four bladed examples. Early models were fitted with the Type C wing although later Mk.XIVs were equipped with the Type E wing housing two 20 mm Hispano cannons and two .50 cal Browning machine guns or four 20 mm cannons, as well as a high visibility teardrop canopy. A common modification to the Mk.XIV was the clipped wing, which increased roll rate and gave a marginal increase to speed, but at the most of rate of climb.

The Spitfire Mk.XIV entered service with Nos. 91, 322 and 610 Squadrons in southeast England where it saw notable success as an interceptor against V-1 Flying Bombs but also as part of the 2nd Tactical Air Force in operations over occupied Europe. Spitfire Mk.XIVs were also planned for use in the Far East but whilst a number of airframes were shipped to Burma, none were operational before the end of the war. The Spitfire Mk.XIV met mixed reviews from its pilots; whilst there was no doubt of the huge performance increase the new variant offered, it was uncomfortable to fly and lacked the balance and control harmonization of earlier Merlin engine Spitfires. Just under 1,000 Spitfire Mk.XIVs were produced with exports being employed by the Air Forces of India, Belgium and Thailand.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=spitfire_mk14c Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|MNacjyimuCQ|'''The Shooting Range #95''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 02:55 discusses the Spitfire F Mk XIVc.|YrotBJk-VYk|'''The Shooting Range #124''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:28 discusses the Griffons.}}

== See also ==


;Related development
* [[Spitfire (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341987-supermarine-spitfire-fmkxivc/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}
{{Britain premium aircraft}}

Spitfire F Mk XIVe

2024-01-14T00:49:08Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = British fighter '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| other
| usage-1 = the premium version
| link-1 = Spitfire FR Mk XIVe
| usage-2 = other versions
| link-2 = Spitfire (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=spitfire_mk14e
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a British WWII period fighter. Unlike the previous Griffon powered Mk XIV, the XIVe featured lowered tail section allowing for better rear view, aswell as a new bubble canopy. The armament also differed from the regular Mk XIV as it featured an "E" type wing with two 20 mm Hispano cannons and two 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns instead of the "C" type two cannons and four 7.7 mm machine guns.

The Spitfire F Mk XIVe was introduced in [[Update 1.41]]. Featuring a much bigger engine power due to its Griffon engine, the Mk XIVe is faster than the previous Merlin powered variants, at cost of decreased manoeuverability. However the Spitfire is still able to out turn most of its opponents while retaining the great climb rate and speed.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 8,537 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 690 || 670 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 18.5 || 19.2 || 19.1 || 19.1 || rowspan="2" | 400
|-
! Upgraded
| 767 || 723 || 16.7 || 17.4 || 32.7 || 24.5
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| X || X || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || N/A || N/A || 260 || ~10 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 321 || < 400 || < 350 || > 500
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Compressor (RB/SB)
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 1
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 4,100 m || 1,510 hp || 2,150 hp
|-
! colspan="3" | Setting 2
|-
! Optimal altitude
! 100% Engine power
! WEP Engine power
|-
| 8,100 m || 1,340 hp || 1,852 hp
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass in cockpit front.
* 4 mm Steel plates in pilot's seat.
* 4-7 mm Steel plates behind the pilot.
* 3 mm Steel boxes around the wing ammunition.
* 12.7 mm Steel plate between fuel tanks.
* 6 mm Steel plate in front of liquid cooling system.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Hispano Mk.II (20 mm)|Browning M2 (12.7 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Hispano Mk.II cannons, wing-mounted (135 rpg = 270 total)
* 2 x 12.7 mm Browning M2 machine guns, wing-mounted (260 rpg = 520 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV (500 lb)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 1 x 500 lb G.P. 500 lb Mk.IV bomb (500 lb total)

== Usage in battles ==

The Spitfire F Mk XIVe, being outfitted with a Griffon engine, does not have as stellar of a climb rate as its Merlin engine counterparts. However, it still does have a very competitive rate of climb, and can usually come out above all but a few opponents. With such an altitude advantage, the pilot is able to choose which engagements to pursue, and the ability to choose engagements wisely is necessary. Since dogfighting in the Spitfire can involve prolonged turn-fights, make sure that no other enemies are nearby, or that if there are, that they can be dealt with by teammates. This plane's engines gives it great acceleration, and it also accelerates well in dives. Be careful though, since at very high speeds, sharp manoeuvres may cause the wings to snap.

As far as manoeuvrability goes, the Spitfire is still very good at turning, especially at high altitudes. It also has a good roll rate, making rolling scissors manoeuvres a viable tactic in dogfights.

With these flight characteristics, the Spitfire is a sort of jack of all trades. It can turnfight well, of course, but it can also boom and zoom or energy fight with much success. However, the plane does have some drawbacks. For one, the powerful engine is prone to overheating, so throttle and WEP management may be necessary. Additionally, performance at low altitudes can be inadequate in certain situations. Finally, the only ordnance that the plane can carry is a single 500 lb bomb. While this can certainly destroy an enemy tank in ground realistic battles, precise aim is required to do so consistently, and the one bomb is the only anti-tank weapon that the plane has. Still, it excels in an anti-fighter role in ground RB; its excellent manoeuvrability is well suited for the gamemode's tendency to involve one on one dogfights.

The Spitfire F Mk XIVe carries a fairly standard ammunition count: not particularly high and not very low. It's possible to spray a little bit, but it is also wise to keep an eye on your ammo count, and to preserve ammunition if possible.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Auto control available || Not controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Combined || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}
Supercharger - Use gear 1 from sea level to 4,000 m. Once you've hit roughly 4 km, switch to supercharger gear 2 to maintain performance. The output of the engine in the first gear will slowly gain from sea level to 2 km, then at 4 km and above it will begin to drop performance, which is when you should switch to the second supercharger stage.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Very good at turning, especially at high altitude
* Excellent climb rate
* Very powerful engine that provides a very good acceleration
* Very good dive rate
* Good roll rate
* Very accurate guns when modifications have been researched and equipped
* Lots of ammo for cannons and machine guns
* Can perform turn-fights, Boom-and-Zoom and energy fighting equally
* Effective counter to high-altitude fighters (Ta 152, G.56, etc.)
* Bubble-style canopy offers excellent visibility for simulator battles

'''Cons:'''

* Poor performance and manoeuvrability at low altitude
* No combat flaps configuration
* Gear and landing flaps rip easily: safe landings must be approached very slowly
* Oil and water overheat quickly
* Guns perform inadequately when stock
* Insufficient close air support payload options
* Inadequate armament for hunting heavy bombers like the [[B-17G-60-VE]] or the [[G8N1]]
* Poor wing lift coefficient when at high altitude, low speeds and stock

== History ==


{{break}}
{{Navigation-Start|{{Annotation|Archive of the in-game description|An archive of the historical description of the vehicle that was presented in-game prior to Update 1.55 'Royal Armour'}}|expand=true}}
{{Navigation-First-Simple-Line}}
The Supermarine Spitfire Mk.XIV was a single engine, single seat fighter which served with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. In 1941 the Spitfire Mk.IV was the first Spitfire to be trialed with the new Rolls Royce Griffon engine. By the time the Griffon Spitfire entered service with the RAF in February 1943, subsequent modifications had redesignated the aircraft as the Spitfire Mk.XII. As successful as this new Spitfire was at low altitudes, the Mk.XII's performance was actually inferior to the Merlin engine Mk.IX at medium and high altitudes. Thus, the Spitfire Mk.XIV entered service as an interim fix. Fitted with a Rolls Royce Griffon 65 with two-stage supercharger producing 2,050 hp, the Mk.XIV immediately corrected many of the performance shortcomings suffered by the Mk.XII. The fuselage was strengthened to harness the powerful engine and a five bladed Rotol propeller replaced the earlier four bladed examples. Early models were fitted with the Type C wing although later Mk.XIVs were equipped with the Type E wing housing two 20 mm Hispano cannons and two .50 cal Browning machine guns or four 20 mm cannons, as well as a high visibility teardrop canopy. A common modification to the Mk.XIV was the clipped wing, which increased roll rate and gave a marginal increase to speed, but at the most of rate of climb.

The Spitfire Mk.XIV entered service with Nos. 91, 322 and 610 Squadrons in southeast England where it saw notable success as an interceptor against V-1 Flying Bombs but also as part of the 2nd Tactical Air Force in operations over occupied Europe. Spitfire Mk.XIVs were also planned for use in the Far East but whilst a number of airframes were shipped to Burma, none were operational before the end of the war. The Spitfire Mk.XIV met mixed reviews from its pilots; whilst there was no doubt of the huge performance increase the new variant offered, it was uncomfortable to fly and lacked the balance and control harmonization of earlier Merlin engine Spitfires. Just under 1,000 Spitfire Mk.XIVs were produced with exports being employed by the Air Forces of India, Belgium and Thailand.
{{Navigation-End}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=spitfire_mk14e Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|YrotBJk-VYk|'''The Shooting Range #124''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:28 discusses the Griffons.|MNacjyimuCQ|'''The Shooting Range #95''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 03:42 discusses the Spitfire F Mk XIVe.}}

== See also ==
''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/341988-supermarine-spitfire-fmkxive/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer Supermarine}}
{{Britain fighters}}

BT-7 TD

2024-01-05T18:55:10Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = Soviet gift light tank '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = other versions
| link = BT-7 (Family)
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=ussr_bt_7_1937_td
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Soviet light tank, developed from the previous BT-5 light tank. Both designs shared the same 45 mm 20-K cannon aswell as coaxial DT machine gun. Unlike the BT-5, the BT-7s hull was welded and the shape of hull at front was also redesigned. The frontal armour protection was slightly increased from 13 to 20 mm of armour. New short-pitch tracks were installed and Mikulin M-17T engine which was a licensed copy of German BMW VI V-12 engine was used instead of the M-5-400 found in BT-5 and earlier BT series tanks. New turret turret featuring sloped armour was also adopted. The BT-7 was used during Winter War and Continuation war with Finland aswell as during the early stages of Operation Barbarossa. Their numbers greatly reduced due to combat losses after 1941, the BTs served for the remainder of war. One example in running condition is preserved to this day.

The BT-7 TD was introduced during [[Update "Hot Tracks"]] as reward for [[wt:en/news/7020-special-twitch-drops-watch-enlisted-streams-and-get-rewards-en|watching Enlisted streams on Twitch.tv]]. The BT-7 TD is identical to the [[BT-7]] in every way except for the exclusive camouflage, of a BT tank during the battle of Moscow, similar to the one found on the [[T-26 (1st Gv.T.Br.)]]. The BT-7 TD features a very powerful gun on a highly mobile chassis, at the cost of no valuable armour. The tank commanders should utilize the speed of the BT to flank their enemies and shoot them from sides and then quickly change position and perform another ambush as the vehicle itself is very lightly armoured and any hit is fatal.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Tank-Armour}}

''Describe armour protection. Note the most well protected and key weak areas. Appreciate the layout of modules as well as the number and location of crew members. Is the level of armour protection sufficient, is the placement of modules helpful for survival in combat? If necessary use a visual template to indicate the most secure and weak zones of the armour.''

'''Armour type:'''

* Rolled homogeneous armour

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Armour !! Front !! Sides !! Rear !! Roof
|-
| Hull || 15 mm (61°) ''Upper front glacis'' 20 mm (18°) ''Driver's hatch'' 20 mm (5-52°) ''Lower front glacis''|| 20 mm ''Driver compartment'' 15 + 4 mm ''Fighting & engine compartments'' || 10 mm (55°) ''Upper glacis'' 13 mm (15°) ''Centre plate'' 13 mm (58°) ''Lower glacis'' || 10 mm 4 mm ''Engine vents''
|-
| Turret || 15 mm (7-53°) ''Gun mantlet'' 15 mm (13°) ''Turret front'' || 15 mm (13°) ''Front'' 13 mm (13°) ''Bustle'' || 13 mm (15°) || 10 mm
|-
|}
'''Notes'''

* Suspension wheels, tracks and torsion bars are 15 mm thick.
* Belly armour is 6 mm thick.
* Mudguards and storage boxes are 4 mm thick.
* There is a 4 mm internal wall separating the crew compartment from the engine compartment.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Tank-Mobility}}

''Write about the mobility of the ground vehicle. Estimate the specific power and manoeuvrability, as well as the maximum speed forwards and backwards.''

{{tankMobility|abMinHp=620|rbMinHp=354}}

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Tank-Armaments}}
=== Main armament ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|1}}

{{main|20-K (45 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[20-K (45 mm)|45 mm 20-K]] || colspan="5" | Turret rotation speed (°/s) || colspan="4" | Reloading rate (seconds)
|-
! Mode !! Capacity !! Vertical !! Horizontal !! Stabilizer
! Stock !! Upgraded !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
! Stock !! Full !! Expert !! Aced
|-
! ''Arcade''
| rowspan="2" | 188 || rowspan="2" | -6°/+25° || rowspan="2" | ±180° || rowspan="2" | N/A || 15.2 || 21.1 || 25.6 || 28.3 || 30.1 || rowspan="2" | 3.77 || rowspan="2" | 3.34 || rowspan="2" | 3.07 || rowspan="2" | 2.90
|-
! ''Realistic''
| 9.5 || 11.2 || 13.6 || 15.0 || 16.0
|-
|}

==== Ammunition ====
{{:20-K (45 mm)/Ammunition|BR-240, BR-240SP}}

==== [[Ammo racks]] ====
[[File:Ammoracks_BT-7.png|right|thumb|x250px|[[Ammo racks]] of the BT-7 (identical).]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Full ammo
! 1st rack empty
! 2nd rack empty
! 3rd rack empty
! 4th rack empty
! 5th rack empty
! 6th rack empty
! 7th rack empty
|-
| '''188''' || 174 ''(+14)''|| 162 ''(+26)'' || 147 ''(+41)'' || 135 ''(+53)'' || 123 ''(+65)''|| 108 ''(+80)''|| 89 ''(+99)''
|-
! 8th rack empty
! 9th rack empty
! 10th rack empty
! 11th rack empty
! 12th rack empty
! 13th rack empty
! Visual discrepancy
!
|-
| 73 ''(+115)'' || 57 ''(+131)'' || 41 ''(+147)'' || 25 ''(+163)'' || 13 ''(+175)'' || 1 ''(+187)''|| No
!
|-
|}
'''Notes:'''

* Racks disappear after you've fired all shells in the rack.
* Turret empty: 147 ''(+41)'' shells.
* Turret and side racks empty: 89 ''(+99)'' shells.

=== Machine guns ===
{{Specs-Tank-Weapon|2}}

{{main|DT (7.62 mm)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | [[DT (7.62 mm)|7.62 mm DT]]
|-
! Mount !! Capacity (Belt) !! Fire rate !! Vertical !! Horizontal
|-
| Coaxial || 2,394 (63) || 600 || - || -
|-
|}

== Usage in battles ==

''Describe the tactics of playing in the vehicle, the features of using vehicles in the team and advice on tactics. Refrain from creating a "guide" - do not impose a single point of view but instead give the reader food for thought. Describe the most dangerous enemies and give recommendations on fighting them. If necessary, note the specifics of the game in different modes (AB, RB, SB).''

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Deadly firepower at its BR: high penetration of up to 70 mm, with the 29 g TNT it can frontally knock out most tanks like [[Pz.II (Family)|Pz.II]], [[Chi-Ha (Family)|Chi-Ha]] or [[M3 Stuart (Family)|M3 Stuart]]; its firepower is effective even in high tier battles, if aiming at the right spot
* One of the fastest tanks in the game, great acceleration and overall mobility makes it a nice point-capper, flanker and climber - can outrun the commonly seen M3 Stuart on road
* 3-4 second reload time is quick enough to destroy opponents it cannot knock out with a single shot, like [[Pz.IV C]] and [[LVT(A)(1)|LVT(A)]] series
* Adequate reverse speed of -10 km/h allows it to quickly retreat from danger when there is no time to turn around
* Small and low profile allows it to easily hide behind cover or bushes
* Winter camouflage comes as the standard camouflage, excellent on winter maps but may cause some issues in other climates

'''Cons:'''

* Poor survivability: non-existent armour on all sides plus the closely packed crew makes it vulnerable to autocannons ([[Pz.II (Family)|Pz.II]], [[Flakpanzer I]]), heavy MG ([[M13 MGMC]]) and even solid shells
* Turret and hull traverse is rather slow, meaning it may not be able to keep track of fast targets- this is also a disadvantage in a close quarters duel, as other light tanks like [[M3 Stuart (Family)|M3 Stuart]] can turn way faster
* Although fast, it is still slower than the [[Sd.Kfz.234 (Family)|Sd.Kfz.234]] series on road.
* Gun depression of only -6 degrees (worse than previous BT-5) means it cannot effectively fight in hills
* Fuel tanks and ammo are scattered inside and are prone to detonation upon being hit

== History ==


{{main|BT-7#History|l1=History of the BT-7}}

== Media ==

{{Notice| Skins and videos about the [[BT-7#Media|BT-7]] can be used for the {{PAGENAME}}}}

;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=ussr_bt_7_1937_td Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|RGc9HJa84sw|'''Twitch Drop Tank - BT-7 TD''' - ''8Bit Dane''}}

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the vehicles;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Twitch Drops}}
{{USSR light tanks}}

Dark Aggressor TD

2024-01-05T18:52:06Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = gift British motor gun boat '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the regular version
| link = Dark Aggressor
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_dark_class_mtb_td
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Dark-class fast patrol boats built for the Royal Navy in mid 1950s. The boats were featuring alloy framing and wooden decks and skin. Twenty seven were ordered in 1954 but nine were cancelled year later in 1955. The ships were featuring interchangeable armament which meant they could serve in both motor gun boat and motor torpedo boat roles, depending on their task. They were also the only diesel engine powered fast patrol boats in entire Royal Navy. Dark Aggressor was launched on 9th December 1954 and sold on 3rd October 1961.

The Dark Aggressor was introduced during [[Update "New Power"]] as a [[wt:en/news/6968-more-twitch-drops-en|reward for watching War Thunder streams on Twitch.tv]] along with a unique skin for the vehicle. She is identical to her tech tree version, except the unique Twitch skin. Unlike her sister Dark Adventurer which is depicted in the motor gun boat configuration featuring a single 114 mm gun on the bow and 40 mm Bofors autocannon on the stern with no torpedo launchers. The Dark Agressor is depicted in the motor torpedo boat configuration with four 533 mm torpedo tubes and 40 mm autocannon on the bow.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}


Dark Aggressor has the following armour layout:

* Hull: 40 mm, wood
* Superstructure: 15 mm, wood

Dark Aggressor has no armour at all, lacking even a gun shield for the main cannon. Right beneath the gun are also two large ammunition racks. These cannot be removed unless all ammo for the main gun is emptied. Altogether, with a crew complement of only 15, Dark Aggressor's survivability is low.

On top of this, being a small boat, she can be hull-broken by any gun with a diameter above 4 inches (102 mm). At Dark Aggressor's battle rating, there are three guns capable of hull-break: the [[8cwt QF Mk I (114 mm)]] (found on {{Specs-Link|uk_dark_class}}), the [[10.5 cm SK C/32 (105 mm)|10.5 cm SK C/32]] (found on {{Specs-Link|germ_artilleriefahrprahm_typ_d3}}), and the [[120 mm/45 Type 3 (120 mm)|120 mm/45 Type 3]] (found on {{Specs-Link|jp_escort_hiburi_class_syonan}}). Luckily for Dark Aggressor, though, the first two are quite rare to see and are mounted on vehicles that are easily knocked out themselves, and the third is a rather bad cannon that most players don't even use. This makes hull-breaks fairly rare.

All things considered, aside from the ammunition racks in the bow, Dark Aggressor's survivability is more or less average. Low survivability and the ability to be hull-broken are the norms for most boats at this battle rating, and really shouldn't be looked at as a disadvantage on the part of Dark Aggressor.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="6" | '''Mobility Characteristics'''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Game Mode
! rowspan="2" | Upgrade Status
! colspan="2" | Maximum Speed (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Turn Time (s)|Time needed to complete a 360° turn at maximum speed}}
! rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|Turn Radius (m)|At maximum speed}}
|-
! rowspan="1" | Forward
! rowspan="1" | Reverse
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|AB|Arcade Battles}}
| {{Annotation|Stock|All modifications removed}} || 73 || 27 || ~26.18 || ~43.98
|-
| {{Annotation|Upgraded|All modifications installed}} || 100 || 37 || ~17.38 || ~27.66
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{Annotation|RB|Realistic Battles}}/{{Annotation|SB|Simulator Battles}}
| {{Annotation|Stock|All modifications removed}} || 64 || 24 || ~29.02 || ~50.04
|-
| {{Annotation|Upgraded|All modifications installed}} || 74 || 27 || ~23.83 || ~40.03
|-
|}

Dark Aggressor's maximum speeds, mobility, acceleration, and stopping are all average, not too much better or worse than any of the other fast motor torpedo boats or motor gun boats around her battle rating.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|QF Mark VII (40 mm)}}

In her primary armament group, Dark Aggressor has a single 40 mm QF Mark VII in a single mount just in front of the bridge. It has 1,500 rounds of ammunition available for it. It can traverse horizontally at a rate of 40°/s and vertically at a rate of 34°/s. The gun has a magazine capacity of 4 rounds and has a rate of fire of 160 rounds/min. With a stock crew, the gun can be reloaded in 0.49 seconds; with an aced crew, it can be reloaded in 0.38 seconds. Firing the gun for too long will cause it to jam. Its maximum range against surface targets is roughly 3.25 km.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | '''Guidance for the Secondary Gun Turret'''
|-
! Horizontal !! Vertical
|-
| ±180° || -10°/+89°
|-
|}

There are three ammunition options available:

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{:QF Mark VII (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T, AP-T}}

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.VIII (533 mm)|Mk.VII depth charge}}

Dark Aggressor has four torpedo tubes, two on each side, and can carry a total of four 533 mm Mk.VIII torpedoes. The torpedo tubes are pointed forwards, but are angled outwards on each side. They are fixed, requiring the boat to be turned in order to aim them.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="9" | '''Torpedo Characteristics'''
|-
! Torpedo Mode !! Mass (kg) !! Maximum speed in water (km/h) !! Travel distance (km) !! Depth stroke (m) !! Arming distance (m) !! Explosive type !! Explosive mass (kg) !! TNT equivalent (kg)
|-
| {{Annotation|No|'Torpedo Mode' modification uninstalled}} || 1566 || 84 || 4.57 || 1 || 50 || TNT || 327 || 327
|-
| {{Annotation|Yes|'Torpedo Mode' modification installed}} || 1566 || 76 || 6.40 || 1 || 50 || TNT || 327 || 327
|}

The Dark Aggressor can carry two Mk.VII depth charges mounted on the aft, one on each side facing outwards. The depth charges drop one-at-a-time in the following order (see the image):

# Starboard side
# Port side

Before spawning, the detonation time delay can be set anywhere between 3 seconds and 10 seconds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Mass (kg)
! Explosive Type
! Explosive Mass (kg)
! TNT Equivalent (kg)
|-
| 196 || TNT || 130 || 130
|}

== Usage in battles ==


;Ammunition Choices

The best ammunition choice is 40 mm HE clips because it has the highest ratio of HE rounds to AP rounds, which means it has the highest effectiveness against both aircraft and surface targets. The 40 mm HE clips should be the primary ammunition type used, but several 40 mm AP clips should also be taken into battle for use against certain armoured targets and against enemies sailing directly bow-in. In the latter case, HE rounds will detonate on a possibly already-destroyed bow compartment, leaving the rest of the vessel unharmed. AP rounds will pass through the bow compartment and deal damage to the rear of the vessel.

From arcade battle experience, AP rounds are more versatile in battle and are the better choice in most situations, especially when engaging surface targets of similar size within tier 2 and always try to resolve direct fights as quickly as possible (either by winning or disengaging as quickly as possible). This boat is best used when outranging, flanking or ambushing the opposition given the facts it possesses poor armour, but the gun can sustain long periods of continued fire therefore, strafing targets is encouraged.

;Torpedoes

The 18-inch Mk.XII is fairly average in terms of maximum speed and range, but it has a very low TNT equivalence compared to other torpedoes at this tier. Still, a hit with the Mk.XII torpedo on any boat at this tier is more than enough to destroy it. Otherwise, this is torpedo is unnoteworthy.

The Torpedo Mode modification should always be installed. The higher maximum speed is much more valuable against the fast-moving boats of tier I and II, and the maps are small enough that the reduction to the maximum range doesn't really matter.

;Depth Charges

Being anti-submarine weapons and with the present lack of submarines in the game, there is practically no reason to use them. While they can be used against surface targets, this is extremely situational. Sailing up right next to a slower target and dropping a depth charge can lead to some success, though again, this is very situational. If attempting this, remember the order in which the depth charges drop and that there is no reason to use any depth charge activation time setting above the minimum 3 seconds, since higher delay times means the depth charge will sink further, and thus away, from the target. Again, it should be reiterated that this is very situational.

There is no practical reason to take them into battle, since, if they're not dropped, they essentially become unarmoured ammo racks.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* 40 mm QF Mark VII: powerful HE rounds, very high-penetration AP rounds (80 mm)
* Very quick reload, practically continuous fire
* Can outrange most enemies

'''Cons:'''

* 40 mm QF Mark VII cannot fire directly backwards and takes a long time to cool
* Main armament easily knocked out
* No secondary or AA guns
* Two large ammo racks below the forward gun, cannot be removed

== History ==

{{:Dark_Aggressor/History}}

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_dark_class_mtb_td Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


* {{Specs-Link|uk_dark_class}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_brave_borderer}}

== External links ==

''Paste links to sources and external resources, such as:''

* ''topic on the official game forum;''
* ''other literature.''

{{Twitch Drops}}
{{Britain boats}}

Dark Aggressor

2024-01-05T18:50:35Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{About
| about = British motor gun boat '''{{PAGENAME}}'''
| usage = the Twitch Drop version
| link = Dark Aggressor TD
}}
{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_dark_class_mtb
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Dark-class fast patrol boats built for the Royal Navy in mid 1950s. The boats were featuring alloy framing and wooden decks and skin. Twenty seven were ordered in 1954 but nine were cancelled year later in 1955. The ships were featuring interchangeable armament which meant they could serve in both motor gun boat and motor torpedo boat roles, depending on their task. They were also the only diesel engine powered fast patrol boats in entire Royal Navy. Dark Aggressor was launched on 9th December 1954 and sold on 3rd October 1961.

The Dark Aggressor was introduced in [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]] as part of the British fleet closed beta test. With the split of the naval tech trees in [[Update "New Power"]], {{PAGENAME}} was moved to the coastal fleet tech tree. Unlike her sister Dark Adventurer which is depicted in the motor gun boat configuration featuring a single 114 mm gun on the bow and 40 mm Bofors autocannon on the stern with no torpedo launchers. The Dark Agressor is depicted in the motor torpedo boat configuration with four 533 mm torpedo tubes and 40 mm autocannon on the bow.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}


The {{PAGENAME}} has the following armour layout:

* Hull: 40 mm, wood
* Superstructure: 15 mm, wood

[[File:{{PAGENAME}}_internals.png|thumb|Dark Aggressor internals (starboard side).]]

Like most coastal vessels, the Dark Aggressor has no practical armour. The hull and superstructure are unarmoured and will not stop any sort of gunfire.

The hull is split into four hull sections. Starting from the bow and working towards the stern, the first section starts at the bow and ends just in front of the gun; the second ends after the bridge; the third ends where the fuel tanks end, just in front of the engines; and the fourth ends at the stern. Any round with a large enough diameter and explosive mass can hull break the Dark Aggressor. In general, this is limited to HE rounds greater with a diameter greater than or equal to 4 inches (102 mm) and with an explosive mass greater than 1.5 kg. At the Dark Aggressor's battle rating, the only guns that can hull break her are:

* the [[10.5 cm SK C/32 (105 mm)|10.5 cm SK C/32]], found on {{Specs-Link|germ_escort_typem1943}} and {{Specs-Link|germ_artilleriefahrprahm_typ_d3}}; and
* the [[8cwt QF Mk I (114 mm)|114 mm 8cwt QF Mk I]], found on {{Specs-Link|uk_dark_class}}.

There is one ammunition storage located directly underneath the gun turret just above the waterline. Destroying it will instantly destroy the boat.

The Dark Aggressor has a crew complement of 15. With a stock crew, the Dark Aggressor is knocked out when 10 crew are lost; with an aced crew, this is increased to 11. Overall, the survivability is average.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 73
|SpeedBackStockAB = 27
|TurnTimeStockAB = 26.18
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 43.98

|TurnTimeSpadedAB = 17.38
|TurnSpeedSpadedAB = 27.66

|SpeedForwardStockRB = 64
|SpeedBackStockRB = 24
|TurnTimeStockRB = 29.02
|TurnSpeedStockRB = 50.04

|TurnTimeSpadedRB = 23.83
|TurnSpeedSpadedRB = 40.03
}}

The Dark Aggressor has a displacement of 64 tons.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The recommended modification research order is:

# Tool Set
# Fire Protection System
# 40 mm HE clips
# 40 mm AP clips
# Propeller Replacement
# Primary Armament Targeting
# Artillery Support

After that, prioritize the rest of the seakeeping modifications first, then finish researching the remaining modifications in whatever order you prefer.

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|QF Mark VII (40 mm)}}

The primary armament consists of a single 40 mm QF Mk VII cannon mounted forward with a maximum ammunition load of 1,500 rounds. Stock, the mount can traverse horizontally at a rate of 34°/s and vertically at a rate of 29°/s; with the "Primary Armament Targeting" modification installed, this is increased to 40°/s and 34°/s respectively. The gun has a magazine capacity of 4 rounds and a cycle rate of fire of 160 rounds/min. With a stock crew, it can be reloaded in 0.49 seconds; with an aced crew, this is decreased to 0.38 seconds. The reload is short enough that there is a seamless transition between magazines, although continuously firing for too long will cause the gun to overheat and jam. This happens after continuously firing for about 1.25 min, or about 200 rounds. There is no noticeable drop in accuracy as the gun overheats.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="25%"
! colspan="2" | Primary armament guidance
|-
! Horizontal !! Vertical
|-
| ±180° || -10°/+89°
|-
|}

There are three ammunition types available:

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{:QF Mark VII (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T, AP-T}}

The best ammunition is the 40 mm HE clips because it has the highest ratio of HE rounds to AP rounds. Take mostly 40 mm HE clips along with several 40 mm AP clips for armoured targets. Because of the gun's seamless reload, there is no reason to use the Universal belt once the others are unlocked.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.VIII (533 mm)|Mk.VII depth charge}}

The {{PAGENAME}} has two possible loadouts:

# 4 x Mk.VIII torpedo
# 2 x Mk.VII depth charge
# 4 x Mk.VIII torpedo; 2 x Mk.VII depth charge
# Without load

'''Torpedoes'''

The Dark Aggressor can carry four 533 mm Mk.VIII torpedoes. The torpedo tubes are located on either side of the bridge, pointing forwards with the nose angled outwards.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
! colspan="9" | Torpedo characteristics
|-
! Torpedo Mode !! Mass (kg) !! Maximum speed in water (km/h) !! Travel distance (km) !! Depth stroke (m) !! Arming distance (m) !! Explosive type !! Explosive mass (kg) !! TNT equivalent (kg)
|-
| {{Annotation|No|'Torpedo Mode' modification uninstalled}} || 1,566 || 84 || 4.57 || 1 || 50 || TNT || 327 || 327
|-
| {{Annotation|Yes|'Torpedo Mode' modification installed}} || 1,566 || 76 || 6.40 || 1 || 50 || TNT || 327 || 327
|}

The Torpedo Mode modification is available as a rank IV modification. Installing it will give the following changes:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | Torpedo mode specification changes
|-
! Max Distance (m)
! Max Speed (m/s)
|-
| +1,830 || -2
|-
|}

It's best to always keep Torpedo Mode uninstalled. The maximum speed of a torpedo is much more valuable in coastal battles than its maximum range. Coastal fleet maps are also small enough that the decreased range with Torpedo Mode installed isn't much of an issue.

In RB, always set the depth stroke to the minimum 1 m setting. This is because many vessels that the Dark Aggressor can face will not have a deep enough draught to fuse the torpedo at a depth stroke setting of 4 m. In AB, depth stroke is automatically set to the most optimal setting.

When using torpedoes, be aware that unless they are already launched, the torpedoes have a very high chance to detonate when shot at, instantly destroying the boat. To avoid this, fire the torpedoes immediately after spawning in—as well as after any subsequent reloads in AB—or simply don't take them at all. Torpedoes are a situational weapon, so it's largely down to personal preference whether or not to take them.

'''Depth charges'''

[[File:{{PAGENAME}}_DC_Order.png|thumb|Mk.VII depth charges numbered according to their drop order (click to view a larger image).]]

The Mk.VII depth charges are carried on the stern, one on each side. They are dropped one at a time in the following order:

# Starboard
# Port

Before spawning, the detonation time delay can be set anywhere between 3 seconds and 10 seconds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Depth charge characteristics
|-
! Mass (kg)
! Explosive type
! Explosive mass (kg)
! TNT equivalent (kg)
! HE armour penetration (mm)
! Armoured vehicle destruction radius (m)
! Fragment dispersion radius (m)
|-
| 196 || TNT || 130 || 130 || 101 || 8 || 122
|}

There is almost no practical reason to use depth charges on any naval vessel in the game. Although they usually result in a one-hit kill if used properly, they are extremely situational, requiring the player to close to point-blank ranges to even use them. In almost every case, anytime a depth charge could be used, the guns or torpedoes can be used instead to greater effect. In fact, depth charges tend to actually be a liability in battle, since they essentially act as exposed ammo racks before they're dropped. Like torpedoes, they can be shot at, and if destroyed, they have a chance to detonate, instantly destroying the boat.

Despite this, some success can be had in dropping them either next to, or in front of a large, slow target. If dropping them next to the target, remember the depth charge drop order, since it's most likely that only the depth charges dropped on the side closest to the enemy will deal any damage. If dropping in front of the target, rush in from the sides as quickly as possible and drop them all at once directly in front of the target. For both cases, set the depth charge time delay to the minimum 3 seconds, since any higher time delay will only allow the depth charge to sink further away from the target, giving them more time to move out of the way. Again, using depth charges is extremely situational, and they will only be a liability the vast majority of the time, so take them at your own discretion.

== Usage in battles ==

Compared to the sister gunboat [[Dark Adventurer]], the {{PAGENAME}} is a traditional PT boats and plays like one, with some slight caveat. The boat features four powerful torpedoes and frontal-mounted Bofors autocannons in exchange of the 114 mm cannons. Due to the lack of rear coverage, however, the boat is highly vulnerable against flankers or enemy aircraft approaching the stern. Because of this, let your bow face the enemy as much as possible to minimize the chance of ammo rack detonation.

As the Bofors have a higher effective range than most of the ~20 mm autocannons that were quite common at this BR, the {{PAGENAME}} can also be used to provide fire support at longer ranges (~2.5 km) and outrange most of the PT boats. As the Bofors can seamlessly switch between each ammo belt, the AP belt is recommended for long range engagements, though the "Universal" belt can also do its job quite well at range.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''
* Features a frontal-mounted Bofors autocannons with good frontal coverage
* 40 mm Bofors offer great damage output against surface and aerial targets
* Fast and manoeuvrable
* Armed with four torpedoes with good speed and filler

'''Cons:'''
* Mediocre survivability, especially from the sides
* Somewhat tall, unarmoured hull profile with a highly vulnerable ammo racks
* Main armament is easily knocked out
* No secondary or anti-aircraft armament, the stern is effectively a huge blind spot

== History ==

{{:Dark_Aggressor/History}}

== Media ==


;'''Skins'''
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_dark_class_mtb Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Events_Festive2019_Wallpaper.jpg|{{PAGENAME}} wallpaper, from [[wt:en/news/6547-event-festive-events-en|[Event] Festive events!]].
</gallery>

== See also ==


;[[Dark (Family)|Related development]]
* {{Specs-Link|uk_dark_class}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_brave_borderer}}

== External links ==


* [https://cfv.org.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?t=215 <nowiki>[Coastal Forces Veterans Forum]</nowiki> The British "Dark" Class]
* [http://cfv.org.uk/research/boat/database <nowiki>[Coastal Forces Veterans]</nowiki> Boat Database]
* [http://www.bmpt.org.uk/boat%20histories/Dark%20Class/index.htm <nowiki>[British Military Powerboat Team]</nowiki> Dark Class Boats]
* [http://dave-mills.yolasite.com/saro-dark-class-mtbs.php <nowiki>[mprints.co.uk]</nowiki> SARO Dark Class MTBs]
* [http://cfv.org.uk/research/boat/database <nowiki>[Coastal Forces Veterans]</nowiki> Boat Database]

{{ShipManufacturer Saunders-Roe}}
{{Britain boats}}

A28B

2024-01-04T16:16:10Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=vampire_fb5_j28b
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
|cockpit=cockpit_vampire_fb5_j28b.jpg
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a Swedish jet fighter. The A 28B is an export version of a British De Havilland Vampire fighter bomber jet. The A 28B was based on the later Vampire FB 5 and procured in 1949 as J 28B with the final aircraft delivered in 1952 marking the end of piston powered fighter aircraft in Flygvapnet inventory. The Vampires were retired from their role of a fighters in 1956 and replaced by J 29 and J 34. The J 28B were later delegated into attacker role and redesignated A 28B.

The A 28B was introduced in [[Update 1.95 "Northern Wind"]].The Vampire family is known for its great dogfighting capabilities, meaning the A28B can comfortably fend off several opponents at once if controlled by a skillful pilot. This aerial performance is given at the cost of engine power. The acceleration of the A 28B is very weak so superprops won´t have hard time catching up to a slow Vampire that bled its speed in a dogfight.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===

{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

The A28B performs well at low altitude where it easily outturns most opponents it faces. Thanks to the excellent flaps and air brakes, a pilot aware of his/her energy can fend off anyone that picks a fight. The flaps can be utilised at various speeds to outturn any enemy at any time. Dogfights are where the Vampire platform shines, it is a highly effective fighter with its relatively light airframe and smooth controls. Although the power is lacklustre, a pilot aware of his/her surroundings will have no difficulty avoiding incoming enemies. This lack of engine power will, however, cripple the A28B when it comes to acceleration. A Vampire tends to lose a lot of speed when engaged in turning. So gaining it back to defend itself against new opponents becomes a hassle. And even if a A28B pilot manages to get their speed up, catching a target will be close to impossible with a slow top speed. This lack of power hinders the A28B in many ways, mostly related to energy. This is why "Vamp" pilots are advised to climb at the beginning of a match, despite the lack of a decent climb rate.
[[File:Rocket J28B.png|thumb|The Aiming reticle of the Swedish m/51 rockets.]]
The A28B performs identically to the Vampire FB 5 which should not come as a surprise. The firepower is what makes them different, however. The A28B is outfitted with the Swedish Akan m/47B (short for "Automatkanon"), which is the Swedish designation of the British Hispano Mk.V, although the calibre and fire rate are the same, the burst mass is larger. This has to do with the Swedish ammunition. The Swedish ammo type contains more TNT and is fully tracer equipped, meaning stealth isn't an option. Despite this downside, the guns perform closer to the American AN/M3 guns instead of the British Hispanos, making the A28B the most effective Vampire in regards to firepower. The A28B is also outfitted with several types of anti-tank and anti-ship rockets. Despite lacking the large 1,000 lb bombs the FB 5 offers, the rockets offer a much different experience compared to the original model. The rockets fire one at a time held on by a Swedish rocket rack, pointing them further down than usual. The average pilot, especially the ones coming from the FB 5, will find this new placement tricky to get used to. But considering the single fire system, a skilled pilot might be able to rack up more destroyed tanks in ground battles compared to the FB 5. If this becomes too sufferable, however, it is recommended to use "Fire rocket salvo" instead to fire off two rockets at once, for a more traditional feel. It's not worth sacrificing accuracy for efficiency when it comes to rockets.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 4,572 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 841 || 814 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 24.8 || 25.6 || 17.5 || 16.4 || rowspan="2" | 650
|-
! Upgraded
| 917 || 882 || 23.8 || 24.0 || 27.0 || 22.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="6" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear !! Drogue chute
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 495 || 464 || 300 || ~10 || ~5
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 550 || < 600 || < 600 || N/A
|-
|}

==== Engine performance ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine
! colspan="5" | Aircraft mass
|-
! colspan="2" | Engine name || Number
! colspan="2" | {{Annotation|Basic mass|Mass of the aircraft with pilot and engine oil, but no fuel or weapons load}} || colspan="3" | Wing loading (full fuel)
|-
| colspan="2" | de Havilland Goblin 3 || 1
| colspan="2" | 3,502 kg || colspan="3" | 194 kg/m2
|-
! colspan="3" | Engine characteristics
! colspan="4" | Mass with fuel (no weapons load) || rowspan="2" | Max Takeoff Weight
|-
! Weight (each) || colspan="2" | Type
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel
|-
| 705 kg || colspan="2" | Centrifugal-flow turbojet
| 3,866 kg || 4,179 kg || 4,517 kg || 4,715 kg || 5,606 kg
|-
! colspan="3" | {{Annotation|Maximum engine thrust @ 0 m (RB / SB)|The maximum thrust produced by each engine, while mounted in the aircraft. NOTE: Thrust varies significantly depending on speed & altitude.}}
! colspan="5" | Thrust to weight ratio @ 0 m (100%)
|-
! Condition || 100% || WEP
! 10m fuel || 20m fuel || 30m fuel || 35m fuel || MTOW
|-
| ''Stationary'' || 1,410 kgf || N/A
| 0.36 || 0.34 || 0.31 || 0.30 || 0.25
|-
| ''Optimal'' || 1,410 kgf (0 km/h) || N/A
| 0.36 || 0.34 || 0.31 || 0.30 || 0.25
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


* 38 mm Bulletproof glass - Armoured windscreen
* 12.7 mm Steel - Armour plate behind the pilot's head
* 3 mm Steel - Armour plate under the engine

[[File:Armour values J28B.png|thumb|Armour found inside the A28B]]
The A28B has the same armour as the Vampire FB 5 as well as the Italian [[Vampire FB 52A]]. Despite being dangerous in a head-on due to the beefed-up guns, a A28B should never fully commit to a head-on engagement, the bulletproof glass will, however, save the pilot most of the time. The tail section is not easily saved though. The twin-boom makes it twice as likely to hit the traction of control surfaces. This leaves the A28B completely useless usually resulting in abandonment of the aircraft, which should be avoided at all costs.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Akan m/47B (20 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 4 x 20 mm Akan m/47B cannons, chin-mounted (150 rpg = 600 total)

The 20 mm m/47B cannons found on the {{PAGENAME}} are fairly unique, as it's the only vehicle in the game carrying this specific version. The gun is identical to the British [[Hispano Mk.V (20 mm)|Hispano Mk.V]] found on the [[Vampire FB 5|British Vampire]]. Ammunition count and fire-rate are identical, but the belt composition differs. While the British guns use shells that lack tracers, along with less explosive, the Swedish HEF-T, and AP-T are the only two rounds available, resulting in every round being visible. This can seem overwhelming, but considering the amount of damage the {{PAGENAME}} deals in a single burst compared to the Hispano, the trade-off is worth it.

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|psrak m/49A|srak m/51}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 8 x psrak m/49A rockets

The {{PAGENAME}} is incredibly feared in ground-battles due to the devastating m/49A rockets it carries. These rockets lack a high explosive-mass, especially compared to high-explosive rockets similar to it, such as the British [[RP-3]]. However, the Swedish rocket works more in a shape-charge matter, giving it high penetration values, and post-penetration damage. This means the {{PAGENAME}} is more likely to ammo-rack opponents than similar analogs, as the {{PAGENAME}} can engage opponents from any angle it wishes

* 8 x srak m/51 rockets

Although visually indistinguishable from the m/49A, the m/51 rockets are very different in behaviour from their older counterpart. These rockets are high-explosive, similar to how the British RP-3 behaves. The rocket lacks significant penetration, even when compared to the RP-3, making them quite redundant against tanks. They can be effectively used against lightly armoured vehicles, however, as the explosive spreads more towards the side rather than just forwardly. The rockets can also be used against aerial opponents, especially bombers. Since this rocket has a 10 m/s faster travel-speed compared to the m/49A before it, they're slightly more useful when applied against aerial targets, even if they're less than ideal for this purpose.

{{Notice|The {{PAGENAME}} features a rocket-rack pointing all suspended weapons ~5° downwards. This forces pilots to fly the plane horizontal to avoid missing the target but allows the {{PAGENAME}} to engage tanks without pointing its nose down a lot.}}

== Usage in battles ==

'''Air Realistic battles'''

* Minimum fuel or 20 minutes - depends on map size
* Ground targets for 20 mm belts
* Climb slightly at ~10°
* Boom & Zoom opponents, dogfight when necessary

A A28B pilot should always be aware of his/her speed and altitude, or energy in more advanced terms. To avoid enemies with superior engine power using it as a boom and zoom target, a A28B pilot should use altitude to their advantage. Since the Vampire platform is bad at building up energy, the pilot should store as much energy as possible for when the battle begins. Before engaging targets, it can also be useful to always keep a speed of at least 400 km/h to limit the number of options an enemy has to counterattack. This also helps the A28B to swiftly turn around and begin a dogfight if the opponent commits to one. This playstyle can be applied to every Vampire plane in the game since they perform mostly the same. The A28B has to watch out for [[Ho 229 V3]] players, however, since they can outmatch the A28B in turning. A good way to counter the Horten is to make it bleed speed. Forcing it to turn once or twice and then extending away from the enemy.

A playstyle close to that of a propeller-driven aircraft can be applied, where energy is the key to survival. The A28B has quite the firepower compared to the other Vampire models. This can reward players who can safely head-on from a distance and then avoid incoming shots from the enemy. This will usually result in a critical hit or straight-up destruction if the enemy doesn't also avoid. The fired rounds are quite deadly and require less gun-time compared to the British counterpart. This gives the A28B an overall higher chance of surviving since it can afford to spend less time on each target. A pilot comfortable with their aim will easily outsmart opponents and make them think twice before engaging in a future dogfight with a {{PAGENAME}}.

'''Ground Realistic battles'''

* Minimum fuel, 8 x m/49A rockets
* Ground targets for 20 mm belts
* Attack opponents from low altitude
* Prioritize aerial opponents

The {{PAGENAME}} is the ultimate CAS plane for Sweden at the BR range it sits at. The Vampire platform is incredibly manoeuvrable which allows for safe attacks against ground targets, and the high agility is incredibly helpful against propeller-driven opponents. Equipping eight m/49A rockets does hinder the performance slightly, but are one of the most lethal rockets found at this BR. Thanks to them being a tier I modification, having a potent {{PAGENAME}} isn't difficult to achieve. Make sure to engage targets at low altitude, avoiding any form of SPAA, as the {{PAGENAME}} is required to fly straight during approaches, due to the difficulty of aiming. Make sure to aim the m/49 rockets in tightly packed crew compartments, and ammunition stowage, similar to how you would typically fire a HEATFS round. This is why broadside engagements are more effective, as having a larger target profile allows for increased accuracy.

The rockets aren't the only thing the {{PAGENAME}} makes use of. The 20 mm cannons have plenty of ammunition and allow the plane to deal with SPAA from longer distances. The ground-targets belt penetrates most SPAA, allowing the {{PAGENAME}} to save the m/49A rockets for tanks instead. The guns are capable of damaging engine decks, especially on tanks such as the British [[Centurion (Family)|Centurion]] or German [[Panther tank (Family)|Panther]]. Against aerial targets the {{PAGENAME}} performs ideal as always, damaging most opponents in a single spray. Always make sure to deal with these opponents first, as even if they pose no threat to the {{PAGENAME}}, they most definitely threaten its teammates.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Great turning and dogfighting capabilities
* Stronger guns than the British/Italian counterpart
* Effective air-brakes that generate lift once deployed
* Decent ammo count
* Easy to land
* Powerful rockets with 500 mm penetration

'''Cons:'''

* Slow top speed
* Poor rate of climb
* Low gun placement forcing pilots to aim higher than usual
* Weak tail section that often suffers damage from enemy fire
* Retains energy poorly

== History ==


The Swedish air force carefully studied what was happening at the Fronts in WWII, and by 1944 it was already obvious that the propeller era was coming to a close. By early 1945, the Swedes had already begun a project to power the Saab J21 with a ramjet. However, it seemed this project would take far too long. By autumn of 1945, the J29 project was also beginning to take shape. But even this project wouldn't take to the skies until 1949, so a foreign design had to do until then.

The British de Havilland Vampire was one of the first jet-powered fighter planes to enter the market, and Sweden was very interested in this design. In early 1946, Sweden ordered 70 Vampire F Mk 1 models designated J28A, thus becoming one of the first customers of the Vampire. This version was mostly used as practice for the new era of jet-driven aircraft. But the Swedes became fond of the design. So when the export version of the Vampire FB 5 entered the market known as the Mk 50, Sweden was very interested and orders started in 1949. This version was to be known as the J28B or A28B depending on suspended armaments. This version differed from the Mk 1 by having a renewed, rounder tail section, and a lower placed elevator. The engine was upgraded from the RM1 to the RM1A that was now produced by SFA (Svenska flygmotor AB) in Sweden and delivered to de Havilland in Britain for installation. The main armament was also changed from the Hispano Mk II to the more potent Hispano Mk V. By 1952, 310 J28B Vampires had been delivered to Sweden. 12 of these would be rebuilt as a two-seat trainer, known as the J28C-3.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=vampire_fb5_j28b Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

== See also ==


;Related development

* [[Vampire FB 5]]
* [[Vampire FB 52A]]

;Similar aircraft

* [[F3D-1]]
* [[Ho 229 V3]]
* [[R2Y2 Kai V1]]
* [[R2Y2 Kai V2]]
* [[R2Y2 Kai V3]]
* [[J21RA]]
* [[A21RB]]

== External links ==


* [[wikipedia:De_Havilland_Vampire|[Wikipedia] De Havilland Vampire]]
* [https://aef.se/Flygvapnet/Notiser/J28A,_B,_C_Vampire_notis_2.htm [aef.se<nowiki>]</nowiki> De Havilland Vampire - Flygvapnets första jetflygplan]
* [https://svfplhist.home.blog/fpl-28-i-flygvapnet/ [svfplhist.home.blog<nowiki>]</nowiki> - Fpl 28 - I flygvapnet]
* [https://forum.warthunder.com/index.php?/topic/262866-de-havilland-vampire-fb5/ Official data sheet - more details about the performance]

{{AirManufacturer deHavilland}}
{{Sweden jet aircraft}}

Dark Adventurer

2024-01-04T15:48:22Z

U2126463: /* Description */

{{Specs-Card
|code=uk_dark_class
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' was a lead ship of a Dark-class fast patrol boats built for the Royal Navy in mid 1950s. The boats were featuring alloy framing and wooden decks and skin. Twenty seven were ordered in 1954 but nine were cancelled year later in 1955. The ships were featuring interchangeable armament which meant they could serve in both motor gun boat and motor torpedo boat roles, depending on their task. They were also the only diesel engine powered fast patrol boats in entire Royal Navy. Dark Adventurer was launched on 28th October 1954 and sold in January 1970.

The Dark Adventurer was introduced in [[Update 1.83 "Masters of the Sea"]] as part of the British fleet closed beta test. With the split of the naval tech trees in [[Update "New Power"]], {{PAGENAME}} was moved to the coastal fleet tech tree. The Dark Adventurer is depicted in the motor gun boat configuration featuring a single 114 mm gun on the bow and 40 mm Bofors autocannon on the stern with no torpedo launchers. Her sister Dark Agressor is depicted in the motor torpedo boat configuration with four 533 mm torpedo tubes and 40 mm autocannon on the bow.

== General info ==
=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Armour}}


Dark Adventurer has the following armour layout:

* [[8cwt QF Mk I (114 mm)|114 mm 8cwt QF Mk I]] gunshield: 12.7 mm, hardened armour
* Hull: 40 mm, wood
* Superstructure: 15 mm, wood

[[File:{{PAGENAME}}_internals.png|thumb|{{PAGENAME}} internals (starboard side). Note the ammo racks below the forward gun.]]

Like most coastal vessels, Dark Adventurer has no practical armour. The gunshields are largely superficial; while they may stop low-calibre machine guns, heavy machine guns and cannons will easily penetrate them at any range. The hull and superstructure are unarmoured and will not stop any sort of gunfire.

The hull is split into four hull sections. Starting from the bow and working towards the stern, the first section starts at the bow and ends just in front of forward gun; the second ends just after the bridge; the third ends where the fuel tanks end, just in front of the engines; and the fourth ends at the stern.

Any round with a large enough diameter and explosive mass can hull break Dark Adventurer. In general, this is limited to HE rounds greater with a diameter greater than or equal to 4 inches (102 mm) and with an explosive mass greater than 1.5 kg. At Dark Adventurer's own battle rating, there is only one gun capable of hull-breaking her:

* the [[8cwt QF Mk I (114 mm)|114 mm 8cwt QF Mk I]], found on Dark Adventurer herself.

There is one ammunition storage that holds ammunition for both the primary and secondary gun turrets. It is located directly behind the forward gun turret just above the waterline. Destroying it will instantly destroy Dark Adventurer.

Dark Adventurer has a crew complement of 15. With a stock crew, Dark Adventurer is knocked out when 10 crew are lost; with an aced crew, this is increased to 11. Overall, the survivability is average.

=== Mobility ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Mobility}}


{{NavalMobility
|SpeedForwardStockAB = 73
|SpeedBackStockAB = 27
|TurnTimeStockAB = 26.46
|TurnSpeedStockAB = 45.62

|TurnTimeSpadedAB = 17.53
|TurnSpeedSpadedAB = 28.67

|SpeedForwardStockRB = 64
|SpeedBackStockRB = 24
|TurnTimeStockRB = 29.42
|TurnSpeedStockRB = 52.03

|TurnTimeSpadedRB = 23.53
|TurnSpeedSpadedRB = 40.57
}}

Dark Adventurer has a displacement of 64 tons.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

The recommended modification research order is:

# Tool Set
# Fire Protection System
# 40 mm HE clips
# 40 mm AP clips
# Smokescreen
# Propeller Replacement
# Improved Rangefinder
# Artillery Support

After that, prioritize the rest of the seakeeping modifications first, then finish researching the remaining modifications in whatever order you prefer.

== Armament ==
{{Specs-Fleet-Armaments}}
=== Primary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Primary}}

{{main|8cwt QF Mk I (114 mm)}}

The primary armament consists of a single 114 mm 8cwt QF Mk I cannon mounted forwards, with a maximum ammunition load of 100 rounds. Stock, the mount can traverse horizontally at a rate of 26°/s and vertically at a rate of 21°/s; with the "Primary Armament Targeting" modification installed, this is increased to 30°/s and 25°/s respectively. The gun is single-shot with a nominal rate of fire of 12 rounds/min. With a stock crew, it can be reloaded in 6.5 seconds; with an aced crew, this is decreased to 5 seconds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="25%"
! colspan="2" | Primary armament guidance
|-
! Horizontal !! Vertical
|-
| ±180° || -8°/+12°
|-
|}

There is only one ammunition type available:

{{:8cwt QF Mk I (114 mm)/Ammunition|114 mm HE}}

The 114 mm HE round is able to hull break most coastal vessels smaller than sub-chasers.

=== Secondary armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Secondary}}

{{main|QF Mark VII (40 mm)}}

The secondary armament consists of a single 40 mm QF Mk VII cannon mounted aft with a maximum ammunition load of 1,500 rounds. Stock, the mount can traverse horizontally at a rate of 34°/s and vertically at a rate of 29°/s; with the "Auxiliary Armament Targeting" modification installed, this is increased to 40°/s and 34°/s respectively. The gun has a magazine capacity of 4 rounds and a cycle rate of fire of 160 rounds/min. With a stock crew, it can be reloaded in 0.49 seconds; with an aced crew, this is decreased to 0.38 seconds. The reload is short enough that there is a seamless transition between magazines, although continuously firing for too long will cause the gun to overheat and jam. This happens after continuously firing for about 1.25 min, or about 200 rounds. There is no noticeable drop in accuracy as the gun overheats.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="25%"
! colspan="2" | Secondary armament guidance
|-
! Horizontal !! Vertical
|-
| ±180° || -10°/+89°
|-
|}

There are three ammunition types available:

* '''Universal:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}
* '''40 mm HE clips:''' {{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}
* '''40 mm AP clips:''' {{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|AP-T|Armour-piercing tracer}}{{-}}{{Annotation|HEFI-T|High-explosive fragmentation incendiary tracer}}

{{:QF Mark VII (40 mm)/Ammunition|HEFI-T, AP-T}}

The best ammunition is the 40 mm HE clips because it has the highest ratio of HE rounds to AP rounds. Take mostly 40 mm HE clips along with several 40 mm AP clips for armoured targets. Because of the gun's seamless reload, there is no reason to use the Universal belt once the others are unlocked.

=== Additional armament ===
{{Specs-Fleet-Additional}}

{{main|Mk.VII depth charge}}

Dark Adventurer has two possible loadouts:

# Without load
# 2 x Mk.VII depth charge

'''Depth charges'''

[[File:{{PAGENAME}}_DC_Order.png|thumb|Mk.VII depth charges numbered according to their drop order.]]

The Mk.VII depth charges are carried amidships in front of the aft gun, one on each side. They are dropped one at a time in the following order:

# Starboard
# Port

Before spawning, the detonation time delay can be set anywhere between 3 seconds and 10 seconds.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="7" | Depth charge characteristics
|-
! Mass (kg)
! Explosive type
! Explosive mass (kg)
! TNT equivalent (kg)
! HE armour penetration (mm)
! Armoured vehicle destruction radius (m)
! Fragment dispersion radius (m)
|-
| 196 || TNT || 130 || 130 || 101 || 8 || 122
|-
|}

There is almost no practical reason to use depth charges on any naval vessel in the game. Although they usually result in a one-hit kill if used properly, they are extremely situational, requiring the player to close to point-blank ranges to even use them. In almost every case, anytime a depth charge could be used, the guns can be used instead to greater effect. In fact, depth charges tend to actually be a liability in battle, since they essentially act as exposed ammo racks before they're dropped. They can be shot at, and if destroyed, they have a chance to detonate, instantly destroying the boat.

Despite this, some success can be had in dropping them either next to, or in front of a large, slow target. If dropping them next to the target, remember the depth charge drop order, since it's most likely that only the depth charges dropped on the side closest to the enemy will deal any damage. If dropping in front of the target, rush in from the sides as quickly as possible and drop them all at once directly in front of the target. For both cases, set the depth charge time delay to the minimum 3 seconds, since any higher time delay will only allow the depth charge to sink further away from the target, giving them more time to move out of the way. Again, using depth charges is extremely situational, and they will only be a liability the vast majority of the time, so take them at your own discretion.

== Usage in battles ==


Dark Adventurer's main armament, the 114 mm 8cwt QF Mk I, is one of the largest calibre coastal fleet weapons in the game and fires the single strongest HE round of any coastal vessel, allowing it to knock out anything smaller than a sub-chaser. Guns that can hull break are very rare in the coastal fleet, and Dark Adventurer is, by far, the lowest BR vessel equipped with one. However, against sub-chasers and other larger vessels, the damage is lacklustre, often requiring multiple hits to destroy a single hull segment. Additionally, the terrible muzzle velocity and very poor ballistics make the gun difficult to use in practice, with it only really being effective against stationary targets or at very close ranges, within 500 m at most. Additionally, while the muzzle velocity is bad, it isn't quite bad enough to allow the 8cwt QF Mk I to fire from behind cover. Because of this, and despite the knock-out potential, the 8cwt QF Mk I is simply outclassed by the secondary 40 mm QF Mark VII in the vast majority of situations.

In battle, make the most of the QF Mark VII by switching to manual control with Alt+2. The best advantage of the QF Mark VII over many other coastal weapons is its seamless reload. Without having to worry about reloading, vessels equipped with these types of weapons can be played much more aggressively. However, on Dark Adventurer, the gun is mounted aft, which limits its versatility by preventing it from firing forwards and increasing the time needed to traverse the gun from one side to the other. While being mounted aft does come with some benefits—mainly, it gets destroyed less often—this is an overall net disadvantage and limits Dark Adventurer's effectiveness in comparison with vessels with forward-mounted guns, like {{Specs-Link|uk_dark_class_mtb}}.

Because of this, try to not be the first to rush into action and avoid meeting enemies head-on as much as possible, since it takes some time to turn the hull to get the QF Mark VII on target. Instead, flank the enemy and try to get into ambush positions behind cover. Once in place, turn the hull around so that the stern is facing towards the enemy and use the QF Mark VII to make short work of anything that passes by, prioritizing armoured targets if possible. Dark Adventurer has a somewhat poor reaction time, so try not to stay in one place for too long to avoid being flanked yourself. Since the hull is already turned around, you can quickly retreat if necessary by using smoke and going forwards. In general, stick to close-range engagements on the flanks with the QF Mark VII, but don't be afraid to switch back to the 8cwt QF Mk I to one-shot tricky opponents either.

While manually controlling the QF Mark VII, there are several things to keep in mind. First, while you don't have to worry about reloads, the QF Mark VII is one of the few weapons that can overheat, causing it to jam after continuously firing about 200 rounds. This is more than enough for multiple engagements, though, and the overheating doesn't have any noticeable negative effect on accuracy as is the case with some other guns. However, you should still pay attention to the overheating and occasionally retreat to let the gun cool off. The second thing to consider is what to do with the primary 8cwt QF Mk I. This gun is completely useless against aircraft, and under AI control, it is practically worthless against surface targets too. Because of this, it's best to just disable the AI gunners. This keeps the gun loaded, level, and forward-facing for when it's actually needed. This ties into the last thing to be aware of, which is that there will be no AI anti-aircraft defense while playing like this, so always look out for aircraft. The AI gunners are very inaccurate against aircraft unless the enemy is coming directly head-on, so don't bother giving control of the QF Mark VII back to the AI gunners; just try to shoot down enemy aircraft manually.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Primary armament can hull-break most opponents
* Secondary armament: very good damage output, high armour penetration, seamless reload

'''Cons:'''

* Primary armament: very low muzzle velocity, low rate of fire, difficult to use
* Secondary armament is mounted aft, cannot fire directly forwards

== History ==


The Dark-class fast patrol boats, also known as the Admiralty Type "A" Fast Patrol Boat (FPB), were 18 patrol boats used by the Royal Navy, with another 8 built for export. The class was originally ordered in the late 1940s, calling for a new diesel-powered FPB, with Saunders-Roe eventually winning the design contract in early 1952. The Dark-class was built between 1954 and 1958 primarily by Saunders-Roe alongside several other British shipbuilding companies. The Dark-class had interchangeable armaments and could be configured as motor torpedo boats, as motor gun boats, or as minelayers. These armaments include:

* 4 x 21-inch torpedoes
* 1 x 40 mm Bofors gun (forward), 2 x 21-inch torpedoes
* 1 x 40 mm Bofors gun (aft), 1 x 4.5-inch cannon (forward)
* 16 x mines

The Dark-class boats had a length of 71 ft. 8 in., a beam of 19 ft. 5 in., a draught of 6 ft. 1 in, and a standard displacement of 50 long tons and were the first of their kind in Royal Navy service to use diesel engines. Each boat was powered by two 18 cylinder Napier Deltic diesel engines, each producing 2,500 bhp and driving a single shaft, with an exhaust port on the port side hull. The first few Dark-class boats were painted entirely in standard grey. However, the port side of the hulls would quickly become stained by the diesel exhaust fumes, even after only a short period of use. Initially, an experimental paint scheme was tried on HMS Dark Biter (P1104) around March 1956 that had the rear hull painted in black with the front hull still in grey. This, too, was found to be unsatisfactory, and eventually, it was decided that the entire hull of the Dark-class boats was to be painted in black.

Eighteen Dark-class boats served with the Royal Navy. All of these were built with wooden hulls and aluminium decks on aluminium hull frames with the exception of the final boat, the unique HMS Dark Scout (P1116), which had an all-aluminium welded construction, a redesigned bridge, and transom exhaust ports. In addition to these, eight more Dark-class boats were also built for export, all built by Saunders-Roe: two standard boats to Finland; five riveted, all-aluminium boats with an additional electric drive system to Burma; and one standard boat to Japan. A further nine Dark-class boats were planned to be built as well for Royal Navy service, but these were all cancelled in 1955. During the 1960s and 1970s, of the 18 Dark-class boats in Royal Navy service, two were used as target practice with one being sunk. The surviving 17 were sold to various places, including several to Italian law enforcement in the late 1960s.

HMS Dark Adventurer, pennant number P1101, was the first of the Dark-class boats. She was built by Saunders-Roe in Beaumaris and was completed on 28th October 1954. She was sold in early 1970.

== Media ==


;Skins
* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=uk_dark_class Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Images
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Dark_class_Newsflash_from_Igromir_2016_001.jpg
File:Dark_class_Newsflash_from_Igromir_2016_002.jpg
</gallery>

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|LW_BVvR7CIg|'''The Shooting Range #122''' - ''War Machines'' section at 00:32 discusses Dark Adventurer.}}

== See also ==


* {{Specs-Link|uk_dark_class_mtb}}
* {{Specs-Link|uk_brave_borderer}}

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/4272-development-newsflash-from-igromir-2016-new-ships-and-first-look-at-japanese-ground-forces-en|[Development] Newsflash from IgroMir 2016! New ships and first look at Japanese Ground Forces!]]
* [https://cfv.org.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?t=215 <nowiki>[Coastal Forces Veterans Forum]</nowiki> The British "Dark" Class]
* [http://cfv.org.uk/research/boat/database <nowiki>[Coastal Forces Veterans]</nowiki> Boat Database]
* [http://www.bmpt.org.uk/boat%20histories/Dark%20Class/index.htm <nowiki>[British Military Powerboat Team]</nowiki> Dark Class Boats]
* [http://dave-mills.yolasite.com/saro-dark-class-mtbs.php <nowiki>[mprints.co.uk]</nowiki> SARO Dark Class MTBs]
* [http://cfv.org.uk/research/boat/database <nowiki>[Coastal Forces Veterans]</nowiki> Boat Database]

{{ShipManufacturer Saunders-Roe}}
{{Britain boats}}