War Thunder Wiki - User contributions [en]

Sakeen

2023-04-04T14:55:44Z

U18166931: /* Usage in battles */ removed "as" before has. "199 as has" makes no sense

{{Specs-Card
|code=s_199
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|ArtImage_{{PAGENAME}}.png}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Israeli fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Winged Lions"]].

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 561 || 548 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 23.3 || 24.3 || 7.6 || 7.6 || rowspan="2" | 350
|-
! Upgraded
| 621 || 590 || 20.9 || 22.0 || 15.3 || 11.0
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || X 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| 790 || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 438 || 409 || 260 || ~__ || ~__
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 450 || < 390 || < 450 || > ___
|-
|}

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}

''Examine the survivability of the aircraft. Note how vulnerable the structure is and how secure the pilot is, whether the fuel tanks are armoured, etc. Describe the armour, if there is any, and also mention the vulnerability of other critical aircraft systems.''

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|MG 151 (20 mm)|MG 131 (13 mm)|MG 17 (7.92 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* A choice between two presets:
** 2 x 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, nose-mounted (250 rpg = 500 total) + 2 x 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, wing-mounted (300 rpg = 600 total)
** 2 x 13 mm MG 131 machine guns, nose-mounted (250 rpg = 500 total) + 2 x 20 mm MG 151 cannons, wing-mounted (135 rpg = 270 total)

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|SD50 (50 kg)|SC50JA (50 kg)|SD70 (70 kg)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 4 x 70 kg SD70 bombs (280 kg total)
* 4 x 50 kg SD50 bombs (200 kg total)
* 4 x 50 kg SC50JA bombs (200 kg total)

== Usage in battles ==

The S-199 has awful energy retention meaning that the aircraft is not effective at turnfighting. It also lacks manoeuvrability and has a poor climb rate. In Realistic Battles, the fighter should be used as a support role. The S-199 is effective at boom-and-zooming and is able to knock out an enemy aircraft quickly with a few bursts.

First, you level out on the runway after taking off and hit 300 km/h IAS, then you climb to the side opposite to the one facing the enemy airfield and lower your climb angle once you hit 250-270 km/h IAS. Continue climbing until you reach 4,500 m, despite the stats, the S-199 has a pretty average climb and if you utilise your climb speed well, you can find yourself at comparable altitude. It's a good option to let your teammates engage first, and drive the enemy to a lower altitude than you, after that you can Boom-n-Zoom them.

The S-199 gets one decent turn before it loses its energy, that one turn is useful against Yak-9, La-5, and MiG-3s. If you miss this shot, dive to get a little speed before thinking about manoeuvring, a good defensive move will be to cut throttle to 50% and roll out of the guns of the plane chasing you, if you keep your wing perpendicular to the enemies you should be ok for a while, force an overshoot, then either spiral away to the opposite side and run to a teammate, or if you have enough speed, you can try to go for the shot. It may be a little tough to fly, but with the correct attitude and spirit, it can do wonders. Remember: superior tactics can beat superior machinery, applying a bit of forward thinking can save you your repair costs, and it's always best to fly with a teammate, maybe even a fellow S-199.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Not controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Auto control available || Controllable Auto control available || Separate || Not controllable 1 gear || Not controllable
|-
|}

=== Pros and cons ===

'''Pros:'''

* Excellent firepower with upgraded guns and gunpods
* Fairly stable firing platform
* Small bombs available for ground attack
* Robust airframe

'''Cons:'''

* Poor climb rate
* Poor energy retention
* Sluggish manoeuvrability
* Overheats very quickly under WEP
* Stock guns have poor accuracy

== History ==

At its inception, the Israeli Air Force sought any fighter aircraft it could acquire to supplement its fledgeling military. Unfortunately for the IAF, there were strict arms embargoes put in place on Israel which made it challenging. The IAF's purchasing agents then set out and approached aircraft manufacturers across Europe to find one who might be able to provide fighters.

The Czech manufacturer Avia had been building Messerschmitt Bf 109s for the Germans during WW2, and continued to do so even after the war. Initially in the postwar era, Avia produced the [[Bf 109 G-10]] with the DB 605 engine, a variant they designated the S-99. When the limited stocks of DB 605s ran out after only 21 S-99s constructed, subsequent Bf 109 G airframes were modified to use the Junkers Jumo 211F engines.

The Bf 109 + Jumo 211F combination proved less than successful: the engine and propeller were designed for heavy bomber aircraft like the Heinkel [[He 111 (Family)|He 111]] which required torque, not light fighter aircraft like the Bf 109 which require speed. The early-war designed Jumo 211F also had nearly half the performance of the mid-war designed DB 605. Due to the design of the engine itself, the Jumo 211F could not be fitted with an internal cannon running through the propeller hub like the DB 605, so the S-199s were equipped with solid nose cones. The cannon armament was relocated to the wings using Rüstsatz gunpod kits. These changes produced a fighter which was slow, had poor manoeuvrability, was difficult to control, and was seriously overweight for its engine output. Nevertheless, Avia made 559 S-199 fighters, predominately for the Czechoslovak Air Force.
[[File:S-199 vs C-47, Tel Aviv.jpg|alt=IAF pilot Modi Alon chasing an Egyptian C-47 over Tel Aviv, June 3, 1948|thumb|200px|Alon chasing an Egyptian C-47 over Tel Aviv, 1948]]
In 1947, Israel negotiated the purchase of twenty-five Avia S-199s, which arrived at the start of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It was here that many S-199 pilots encountered reliability and combat issues with the aircraft which limited their effectiveness. One of these issues stemmed from the fact that the Jumo 211F was not designed to be used with a gun synchronizer, a mechanical component which prevents an aircraft's guns from firing while the propeller is in the firing line. Therefore, new ones had to be procured and the one which were fitted proved to be unreliable. It was not uncommon for Israeli pilots to inadvertently shoot off their own propellers when the gun synchronizer failed.

The S-199s did find several major victories, however. On June 3, 1948 an S-199 piloted by Modi Alon of 101 Squadron, Israel's first fighter squadron, attacked a formation of two Egyptian C-47 Skytrains and two Spitfires which had repeatedly bombed the city of Tel Aviv. Alon managed to shoot down both C-47s, marking the first air-to-air kills of the Israeli Air Force. The action was witnessed by the public below, who met the IAF and Alon with great enthusiasm and joy. On June 8th, Israelis were able to prove themselves capable in the S-199 again when IAF pilot Gideon Lichtaman shot down an Egyptian Spitfire in the defense of Tel Aviv, scoring Israel's first fighter-vs-fighter victory.

The S-199, despite its poor mechanical performance, gained the distinction of being the first fighter aircraft procured by Israel and provided valuable combat experience and victories for the fledgeling IAF pilots.

== Media ==


;Skins

* [https://live.warthunder.com/feed/camouflages/?vehicle=s_199 Skins and camouflages for the {{PAGENAME}} from live.warthunder.com.]

;Videos
{{Youtube-gallery|Szjj7F1iHL4|'''The Shooting Range #291''' - ''Pages of History'' section at 03:52 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.|0uI33fRlznc|'''The Shooting Range #288''' - ''Metal Beasts'' section at 00:29 discusses the {{PAGENAME}}.}}

== See also ==


* [[Bf 109 (Family)]]

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7457-development-avia-s-199-a-knife-for-israel-en|[Devblog] Avia S-199: A "knife" for Israel]]

{{Israel fighters}}
{{AirManufacturer Avia}}

A6M5 Hei

2021-03-31T19:59:19Z

U18166931: /* Flight performance */ Corrected the engine" is" won't overheat under combat conditions. Removed is as it doesnt belong in that sentence

{{Specs-Card
|code=a6m5hei
|images={{Specs-Card-Image|GarageImage_{{PAGENAME}}.jpg}}
}}

== Description ==

The '''{{Specs|name}}''' is a rank {{Specs|rank}} Japanese fighter {{Battle-rating}}. It was introduced in [[Update "Ixwa Strike"]]. The A6M5 Hei offers a good offensive armament as well as various payload options. The plane also has armour and self-sealing fuel tanks, grating a better durability. It retains the good flight performance on the Zero family with a turn time short enough to outmanoeuvre enemy fighters, although it can feel a little sluggish to people used to early variants. However, pilots will generally notice a reduced rate of climb, and poor acceleration.

== General info ==
=== Flight performance ===
[[File:A6M51.png|thumb|A6M5 Hei cruising at tree top level]]
{{Specs-Avia-Flight}}

Due to the weight of the self-sealing fuel tanks, pilot armour, and the additional heavy machine guns, the climb rate on this plane is rather poor for its BR. The engine won't overheat under combat conditions. The A6M5 Hei can feel quite sluggish as it cannot turn as well as other planes in the A6M5 family. However, while the plane's turning ability is hampered by the extra weight, you will still be able to out-turn every other plane.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="70%"
! rowspan="2" | Characteristics
! colspan="2" | Max Speed (km/h at 6,000 m)
! rowspan="2" | Max altitude (metres)
! colspan="2" | Turn time (seconds)
! colspan="2" | Rate of climb (metres/second)
! rowspan="2" | Take-off run (metres)
|-
! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB !! AB !! RB
|-
! Stock
| 519 || 503 || rowspan="2" | {{Specs|ceiling}} || 20.9 || 21.6 || 8.1 || 8.1 || rowspan="2" | 300
|-
! Upgraded
| 563 || 540 || 19.1 || 20.0 || 14.7 || 11.1
|-
|}

==== Details ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="5" | Features
|-
! Combat flaps !! Take-off flaps !! Landing flaps !! Air brakes !! Arrestor gear
|-
| ✓ || ✓ || ✓ || X || ✓ 
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="7" | Limits
|-
! rowspan="2" | Wings (km/h)
! rowspan="2" | Gear (km/h)
! colspan="3" | Flaps (km/h)
! colspan="2" | Max Static G
|-
! Combat !! Take-off !! Landing !! + !! -
|-
| {{Specs|destruction|body}} || {{Specs|destruction|gear}} || 397 || 368 || 220 || ~14 || ~6
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="4" | Optimal velocities (km/h)
|-
! Ailerons !! Rudder !! Elevators !! Radiator
|-
| < 280 || < 420 || < 410 || > 335
|-
|}

[[File:A6M56.png|thumb|A6M5 Hei cockpit and controls]]

=== Survivability and armour ===
{{Specs-Avia-Armour}}


This is the only plane in the Zero family with self-sealing fuel tanks. The A6M5 hei has three armoured components:

* 45 mm bulletproof glass in front of the pilot, angled at 68°
* 55 mm bulletproof glass behind the pilot, angled at 12°
* 8 mm of steel behind the pilot, angled at 12°

This armour is enough to survive light machine gun fire and light AA fire. However, the A6M5 Hei is still very fragile: don't rely solely on this armour, because the guns you will be facing at its battle rating will not be stopped by it. The self-sealing fuel tanks allow you to put out wing fires.

=== Modifications and economy ===
{{Specs-Economy}}

== Armaments ==
{{Specs-Avia-Armaments}}
=== Offensive armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Offensive}}

{{main|Type 99 Model 2 (20 mm)|Type 3 (13.2 mm)}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is armed with:

* 2 x 20 mm Type 99 Model 2 cannons, wing-mounted (125 rpg = 250 total)
* 2 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine guns, wing-mounted (240 rpg = 480 total)
* 1 x 13.2 mm Type 3 machine gun, nose-mounted (230 rpg)

[[File:A6M55.png|thumb|The A6M5 Hei is capable of carrying up to ten rockets]]

=== Suspended armament ===
{{Specs-Avia-Suspended}}

{{main|Navy Type 97 Number 6 (60 kg)|Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 (250 kg)|Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1|Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1}}

The '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' can be outfitted with the following ordnance:

* Without load
* 2 x 60 kg Navy Type 97 Number 6 bombs (120 kg total)
* 1 x 250 kg Navy Type Number 25 Model 2 bomb (250 kg total)
* 10 x Type 3 No.1 Mod.28 Mk.1 rockets
* 2 x Type 3 No.6 Mod.27 Mk.1 rockets

[[File:A6M52.png|thumb|The A6M5 Hei cruises over Seversk 13, a map introduced in the same patch as the plane]]

== Usage in battles ==


;Realistic Battles

In Air RB, your primary focus is to engage fighters. Do not bring any payload options for this plane, as it will weigh you down significantly. Select 400 m for the gun convergence, use the Ground Targets belt for your 13 mm guns, and the Universal or Tracers belts for your 20 mm cannons. Climb at a 15° angle and you may want to try a slight side climb on smaller maps. Try climbing and staying with your team. You will be outclassed by many fighters, so play to your strengths. Engage targets that have low energy states, and try to dogfight them. Do not engage in head-ons or high altitude fighting and stay close to your allied aircraft, as the A6M5 hei works well when an enemy is overfocused on an allied plane. Try not to stall out in this plane, as your weight is increased and the relatively weak engine won't allow you to recover from stalls easily.

;Arcade Battles

In Air Arcade, this plane is extremely versatile: it can engage enemy ground units with rockets, intercept bombers and hunt enemy fighters. Engage in turnfights to reduce your exposure to enemy fire and play with caution, as this plane is fragile.

;Mixed Battles (Ground/Naval)

In mixed battles, the 250 kg bomb is your best option. You can fly extremely low to the ground thanks to the plane's superb manoeuvrability. Set a 1.5 second fuse on the bomb and drop it really close to the target. Once you have spent all ordnance, you can either take on fighter duties or return to the airfield and rearm.

;[[File:A6M57.png|thumb|A6M5 Hei from a scenic view]]Specific enemies worth noting

* P-51 (Family): as always, anything with 0.50 cal Brownings is a threat to the A6M5 hei. These planes will always try to boom and zoom and light you an fire. These planes will usually have an altitude advantage, thanks to their amazing climb rate. To engage these fighters, make sure you have a good speed and room to dodge attacks. Try to bait a P-51 to lower altitudes or close to friendly fighters. The best way to kill an energy fighter is when it is low and slow.
* Bf 109 (Family): this planes' superb climb and energy retention allow them to make multiple boom and zoom attacks on you. Dodge these by making evasive loops to throw off the pilot and make them overshoot. Do not engage in head-ons with a Bf 109.
* XP-55: the XP-55 outperforms you in every way possible. Play smart when facing these planes, and stick with your team.

=== Manual Engine Control ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="7" | MEC elements
|-
! rowspan="2" | Mixer
! rowspan="2" | Pitch
! colspan="3" | Radiator
! rowspan="2" | Supercharger
! rowspan="2" | Turbocharger
|-
! Oil !! Water !! Type
|-
| Controllable || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Controllable Not auto controlled || Separate || Controllable 2 gears || Not controllable
|-
|}
The Zero's manual engine controls are simple to learn. The propeller pitch should be kept at 95% at all times. The radiators both should be kept between 5 and 15% depending if you are on a hot or cold map. The second supercharger gear should be activated at 3,500 m and above.

=== Pros and cons ===


'''Pros:'''

* Strong offensive armament: 3 x 13 mm HMG and 2 x 20 mm cannons
* Various payload options (bombs and rockets)
* Retains the good manoeuvrability of a Zero, with a competitive turn rate
* Additional armour and self-sealing fuel tanks helps increase durability
* Tail hook, can land on carriers if necessary
* Engine will not overheat and cools off easily

'''Cons:'''

* Limited payload options
* Low energy retention
* Limited top speed and acceleration
* Average rate of climb

== History ==


In 1944, the A6M5 Otsu failed to meet the expectations of Japanese military leaders, turning out to be just a half-measure in an attempt of aircraft engineers to modernize the A6M fighter. Furthermore Japan was in a situation where no replacement for the outdated Zero had been found yet, with the aircraft that have been designed as replacements continuously suffered setbacks and engine deficits while the war situation continued to worsen for Japan.

Faced with the increasing threat of American high-altitude bombing raids, Japanese engineers had little choice but to further modify the A6M, despite knowing it was vastly inferior to the latest aircraft flown by the Allies. As a result, in September 1944, Mitsubishi rolled out the A6M5 Hei; a modification of the late war 'Zero' design, but outfitted with a stronger weapons arsenal, including an expanded range of secondary weapons the aircraft could carry.

Tests of the aircraft revealed substantially degraded performance characteristics over previous variants due to weight increases. As fitting the aircraft with a different, more powerful engine, wasn't possible, the A6M5 Hei was accepted into service nonetheless, despite its worse performance. However, as the A6M5 Hei entered production in the last stages of the war, its production numbers remained low, chiefly due to the decreasing Japanese industrial capacity in the final months of the conflict. In total, over 90 units of the A6M5 Hei were produced by Mitsubishi alone, with no available production data from Nakajima.

=== [[wt:en/news/7072-development-a6m5-hei-the-up-gunned-samurai-en|Devblog]] ===
In 1944, the A6M5 Otsu failed to meet the expectations of Japanese military leaders, turning out to be just a half-measure in an attempt of aircraft engineers to modernize the A6M fighter. Furthermore Japan was in a situation where no replacement for the outdated Zero had been found yet, with the aircraft that have been designed as replacements continuously suffered setbacks and engine deficits while the war situation continued to worsen for Japan.

Faced with the increasing threat of American high-altitude bombing raids, Japanese engineers had little choice but to further modify the A6M, despite knowing it was vastly inferior to the latest aircraft flown by the Allies. As a result, in September 1944, Mitsubishi rolled out the A6M5 Hei; a modification of the late war ‘Zero’ design, but outfitted with a stronger weapons arsenal, including an expanded range of secondary weapons the aircraft could carry.

Tests of the aircraft revealed substantially degraded performance characteristics over previous variants due to weight increases. As fitting the aircraft with a different, more powerful engine, wasn’t possible, the A6M5 Hei was accepted into service nonetheless, despite its worse performance. However, as the A6M5 Hei entered production in the last stages of WWII, its production numbers remained low, chiefly due to the decreasing Japanese industrial capacity in the final months of the war. In total, over 90 units of the A6M5 Hei were produced by Mitsubishi alone by the end of WWII, with no available production data from Nakajima.

== Media ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:A6M5 Hei WTWallpaper 01.jpg|
File:A6M5 Hei WTWallpaper 02.jpg|
File:A6M5 Hei WTWallpaper 03.jpg|
File:A6M5 Hei WTWallpaper 04.jpg|
File:A6M5 Hei WTWallpaper 05.jpg|
File:A6M5 Hei WTWallpaper 06.jpg|
</gallery>

== See also ==

''Links to the articles on the War Thunder Wiki that you think will be useful for the reader, for example:''

* ''reference to the series of the aircraft;''
* ''links to approximate analogues of other nations and research trees.''

== External links ==


* [[wt:en/news/7072-development-a6m5-hei-the-up-gunned-samurai-en|[Devblog] A6M5 Hei: The Up-Gunned Samurai]]'

{{Japan fighters}}